10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______                      

Commission File Number: 001-40498

Century Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	84-2040295
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3675 Market Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Address of principal executive offices)	19104 (Zip Code)

(267) 817-5790

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	IPSC	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer           ☐	Accelerated filer                  ☐
Non-accelerated filer             ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company   ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of November 4, 2022, the registrant had 58,974,247 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	6
Item 1.	Financial Statements:	6
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021	6
	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	7
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	10
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	52
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	52
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	52
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	52
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	52
Item 5.	Other Information	52
Item 6.	Exhibits	53
Signatures		54

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “potential,” “seek,” “evaluate,” “pursue,” “continue,” “design,” “impact,” “affect,” “forecast,” “target,” “outlook,” “initiative,” “objective,” “designed,” “priorities,” “goal,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Such statements are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, among other things, statements about:

● our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and continue the development of our current and future product candidates;

● the preclinical nature of our business and our ability to successfully advance our current and future product candidates through development activities, preclinical studies, and clinical trials;

● our ability to generate revenue from future product sales and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability;

● the accuracy of our projections and estimates regarding our expenses, capital requirements, cash utilization, and need for additional financing;

● the extent to which the COVID 19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants of COVID-19, and measures taken to contain its spread ultimately impact our business, including development activities, preclinical studies, future clinical trials, supply chain and labor force;

● our dependence on the success of our product candidates, in particular CNTY-101, CNTY-103, and CNTY-102;

● the novelty of our approach to immuno-oncology treatment of cancer, utilizing iPSC-derived natural killer cells, or iNK cells, and iPSC-derived T cells, or iT cells, and the challenges we will face due to the novel nature of such technology;

● the success of competing therapies that are or become available;

● our reliance on the maintenance of our collaborative relationship with FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics Inc., or FCDI, for access to key differentiation and reprogramming technology for the manufacturing and development of our product candidates;

● the initiation, progress, success, cost, and timing of our development activities, preclinical studies and future clinical trials;

● the timing of our filings for investigational new drug, or IND, applications and the likelihood of, and our ability to obtain and maintain, regulatory clearance of such IND applications for our product candidates;

● the timing, scope and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including final regulatory approval of our product candidates;

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● our reliance on FCDI to be the exclusive manufacturer of certain product candidates, and our ability to manufacture our own product candidates in the future, and the timing and costs of such manufacturing activities;

● our reliance on the maintenance of our collaborative relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, or Bristol-Myers Squibb, in connection with the furtherance of our collaboration programs;

● the performance of third parties in connection with the development of our product candidates, including third parties conducting our future clinical trials as well as third-party suppliers and manufacturers;

● our ability to attract and retain strategic collaborators with development, regulatory, and commercialization expertise;

● the public opinion and scrutiny of cell-based immuno-oncology therapies for treating cancer and its potential impact on public perception of our company and product candidates;

● our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and develop sales and marketing capabilities, if our product candidates are approved;

● the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates and our ability to serve those markets;

● regulatory developments and approval pathways in the United States and foreign countries for our product candidates;

● the potential scope and value of our intellectual property and proprietary rights;

● our ability, and the ability of our licensors, to obtain, maintain, defend, and enforce intellectual property and proprietary rights protecting our product candidates, and our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties;

● our ability to recruit and retain key members of management and other clinical and scientific personnel;

● the volatility of capital markets and other macroeconomic factors, including due to inflationary pressures, geopolitical tensions or the outbreak of hostilities or war; and

● developments relating to our competitors and our industry; and

● other risks and uncertainties, including those described under the caption “Risk factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, and financial needs. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur at all. You should refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be

4

material. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We intend the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

5

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,350	$	56,445
Short-term investments		244,509		166,434
Escrow deposits, current		346		502
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,436		4,773
Total current assets		361,641		228,154
Property and equipment, net		77,938		57,967
Operating lease right-of-use assets		29,488		11,854
Restricted cash		1,979		1,717
Escrow deposits, non-current		—		220
Long-term investments		39,427		135,914
Security deposits		1,278		1,549
Total assets	$	511,751	$	437,375
Liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,685	$	7,596
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		8,755		6,040
Deposit liability		860		980
Long-term debt, current		4,036		1,039
Deferred revenue, current		7,571		—
Total current liabilities		26,907		15,655
Operating lease liability, long term		36,594		14,559
Deposit liability, non-current		971		2,020
Deferred revenue, non-current		110,938		—
Long-term debt, net		6,136		8,903
Total liabilities		181,546		41,137
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 58,184,655 and 55,005,523 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		6		5
Additional paid-in capital		821,219		785,049
Accumulated deficit		(487,416)		(388,166)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,604)		(650)
Total stockholders’ equity		330,205		396,238
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	511,751	$	437,375

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

6

CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Collaboration revenue	$	2,224	$	—	$	4,678	$	—
Operating expenses
Research and development		25,898		19,545		71,588		53,852
General and administrative		8,064		6,282		23,615		13,058
In-process research and development		-		-		10,000		—
Total operating expenses		33,962		25,827		105,203		66,910
Loss from operations		(31,738)		(25,827)		(100,525)		(66,910)
Interest expense		(373)		(322)		(1,017)		(954)
Other income, net		1,387		140		2,351		234
Total other income (expense)		1,014		(182)		1,334		(720)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(30,724)		(26,009)		(99,191)		(67,630)
Provision for income taxes		(25)		—		(59)
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Net loss per common share Basic and Diluted		(0.53)		(0.48)		(1.72)		(2.72)
Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic and Diluted		57,973,541		54,472,650		57,573,406		24,838,250
Other comprehensive loss
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Unrealized loss on investments		(165)		(33)		(2,931)		(28)
Foreign currency translation		(5)		(27)		(23)		(32)
Comprehensive loss	$	(30,919)	$	(26,069)	$	(102,204)	$	(67,690)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

7

CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	Series A			Series B			Series C												Accumulated
	Convertible			Convertible			Convertible						Additional						Other		Total
	Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Loss		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	55,005,523		5	$	785,049	$	—	$	(388,166)	$	(650)	$	396,238
Issuance of stock to collaboration partner	—		—	—		—	—		—	2,160,760		1		26,812		—		—		—		26,813
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	85,396		—		65		—		—		—		65
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	161,159		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	173,192		—		673		—		—		—		673
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		2,380		—		—		—		2,380
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(1,986)		(1,986)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(6)		(6)
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(37,512)		—		(37,512)
Balance, March 31, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	57,586,030	$	6	$	814,979	$	—	$	(425,679)	$	(2,642)	$	386,664
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	31,381		—		47		—		—		—		47
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	136,425		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	104,085		—		250		—		—		—		250
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		2,771		—		—		—		2,771
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(780)		(780)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(12)		(12)
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(30,988)		—		(30,988)
Balance, June 30, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	57,857,921	$	6	$	818,047	$	—	$	(456,667)	$	(3,434)	$	357,952
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	86,224		—		138		—		—		—		138
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	136,425		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	104,085		—		248		—		—		—		248
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		2,786		—		—		—		2,786
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(165)		(165)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(5)		(5)
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(30,749)		—		(30,749)
Balance, September 30, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	58,184,655	$	6	$	821,219	$	—	$	(487,416)	$	(3,604)	$	330,205

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	Series A			Series B			Series C													Accumulated
	Convertible			Convertible			Convertible							Additional						Other		Total
	Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Common Stock				Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount	Shares		Amount	Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Loss		Deficit
Balance, December 31, 2020	35,000,000	$	34,922	26,143,790	$	144,839	—	$	—	7,481,861	$	1	$	217,832	$	(31,900)	$	(292,342)	$	(3)	$	(106,412)
Receipt of subscription receivable	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		31,900		—		—		31,900
Issuance of Series C preferred stock, net	—		—	—		—	24,721,999		159,628	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net assets contributed as result of merger	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		1,061		—		—		—		1,061
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	40,790		—		47		—		—		—		47
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	150,799		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	199,083		—		123		—		—		—		123
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(27)		(27)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		4		4
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		95		—		—		—		95
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(18,348)		—		(18,348)
Balance, March 31, 2021	35,000,000	$	34,922	26,143,790	$	144,839	24,721,999	$	159,628	7,872,533	$	1	$	219,158	$	—	$	(310,690)	$	(26)	$	(91,557)
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost	—		—	—		—				12,132,500		1		221,184		—		—		—		221,185
Conversion of convertible preferred stock upon initial public offering	(35,000,000)		(34,922)	(26,143,790)		(144,839)	(24,721,999)		(159,628)	34,126,528		3		339,385		—		—		—		339,388
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	79,796		—		74		—		—		—		74
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	130,463		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	62,271		—		46		—		—				46
Unrealized gain on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		32		32
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(9)		(9)
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		1,711		—		—		—		1,711
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(23,273)		—		(23,273)
Balance, June 30, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	54,404,091	$	5	$	781,558	$	—	$	(333,963)	$	(3)	$	447,597
Issuance cost of common stock from initial public offering	—		—	—		—				—		—		217		—		—		—		217
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	6,799		—		9		—		—		—		9
Vesting of restricted stock	—		—	—		—	—		—	148,347		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercise stock options	—		—	—		—	—		—	82,143		—		14		—		—				14
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(33)		(33)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(27)		(27)
Stock based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		1,220		—		—		—		1,220
Net loss	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(26,009)		—		(26,009)
Balance, September 30, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	54,641,380	$	5	$	783,018	$	—	$	(359,972)	$	(63)	$	422,988

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		5,602		2,697
Amortization of deferred financing cost		230		229
Non-cash operating lease expense		1,086		650
Stock based compensation		7,937		3,026
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Escrow deposit		376		658
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(395)		(2,995)
Operating lease liability		3,194		176
Deferred revenue		118,509		—
Accounts payable		(3,155)		(4,140)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		2,825		2,678
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		36,959		(64,651)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment		(24,336)		(28,249)
Acquisition of fixed maturity securities, available for sale		(203,663)		(288,146)
Sale of fixed maturity securities, available for sale		219,144		38,659
Net cash used in investing activities		(8,855)		(277,736)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions		—		221,402
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		250		130
Proceeds from early exercises of common stock options		—		2,282
Payments on long term debt		—		—
Proceeds from subscription receivable		—		31,900
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of issuance costs		—		159,628
Cash contributed as a result of merger		—		2,326
Proceeds from sale of common stock to collaboration partner		26,813		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		27,063		417,668
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		55,167		75,281
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		58,162		27,728
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	113,329	$	103,009
Supplemental disclosure of cash and non-cash operating activities:
Cash paid for interest	$	778	$	727
Release of escrow deposit	$	520	$	523
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of convertible preferred stock upon initial public offering	$	—	$	339,388
Purchase of property and equipment, accrued and unpaid	$	1,238	$	7,700

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

10

CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Note 1—Organization and description of the business

The Company (as defined below) is an innovative biotechnology company developing transformative allogeneic cell therapies to create products for the treatment of both solid tumor and hematological malignancies with significant unmet medical need. Century Therapeutics, Inc. (“Prior Century”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 5, 2018. Since inception, Prior Century has devoted substantially all of its time and efforts to performing research and development activities and raising capital.

On June 5, 2019, Century Therapeutics, LLC (the “Company”) was formed by Prior Century and entered into an LLC Agreement (“Agreement”). On June 21, 2019, Prior Century, through the execution of a commitment agreement and other transaction documents (altogether the “Commitment Agreement”) with Bayer Health, LLC (“Bayer”), financed the creation of the Company and amended the Agreement to account for the provisions in the Commitment Agreement that outlined the rights, obligations, and capital contributions of both Bayer and Prior Century in accordance with the newly executed and amended Agreement and related Commitment Agreement (the “Transaction”). The Transaction resulted in Prior Century contributing substantially all of its assets, liabilities, and operations in exchange for a retained 72% equity interest in the Company. Subsequent to June 21, 2019, Prior Century had no significant operations and accounted for its interest in the Company under the equity method of accounting.

In June 2020, the Company formed Century Therapeutics Canada ULC (“Century Canada”), a wholly owned subsidiary, to acquire the assets of Empirica Therapeutics, Inc. (“Empirica”).

On February 25, 2021, the Company converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, and changed its name to “CenturyTx, Inc.” Upon completion of this conversion, Prior Century merged with and into CenturyTx, Inc., with CenturyTx, Inc. as the surviving entity and CenturyTx, Inc. changed its name to “Century Therapeutics, Inc.” In connection with this merger, the holders of equity interests in Prior Century received equivalent equity interests in Century Therapeutics, Inc.

On June 22, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 10,550,000 shares of Common Stock. On June 22, 2021, the Company sold an additional 1,582,500 shares of Common Stock from the exercise of the overallotment option granted to the underwriters in the IPO. The public offering price of the shares sold in the IPO was $20.00 per share. The Company raised a total of $242,650 in gross proceeds from the offering, or $221,402 in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $16,985 and other offering costs of approximately $4,263. Upon the closing of the offering, all shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 34,126,528 shares of common stock.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations of the Company and Century Canada. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has limited operating history and its prospects are subject to risks, expenses, and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in the biotechnology and

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pharmaceutical industries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the uncertainty of availability of additional financing and the uncertainty of achieving future profitability.

Since inception, the Company has incurred net losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $30,749 and $99,250, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company generated $36,959 of cash from operations. Cash and cash equivalents and investments were $395,286 at September 30, 2022. Management expects to incur additional losses in the future to fund its operations and conduct product research and development and recognizes the need to raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan. The Company believes it has adequate cash and financial resources to operate for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

Note 2—Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the interim period reporting requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and consolidated statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.  The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other subsequent interim period.  The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Merger and capital restructuring

Upon the conversion of Century Therapeutics, LLC to a corporation and the merger of the newly converted corporation with Prior Century, the existing capital structure of Century Therapeutics, LLC was restructured with no consideration transferred. In accordance with ASC 505-10-S99-4, such a restructuring requires retroactive effect within the balance sheets presented. As such, the Company retroactively adjusted its consolidated balance sheets to cancel the existing LLC units and give effect to their conversion into capital stock of the Company as if those effects happened as of January 1, 2020. See Note 10 for further information on the Company’s capital restructuring.

Reverse Stock Split

In June 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a 2.5161-for-1 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, which was effected on June 11, 2021. The par value of the common stock was not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. Shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options and other equity instruments were proportionately reduced and the respective exercise prices, if applicable, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of the appropriate securities agreements. Shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the conversion of the convertible preferred stock were proportionately reduced and the respective conversion prices were proportionately increased. All common share and per share data have been retrospectively revised to reflect the reverse stock split.

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions on how to

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allocate resources and assess performance. The Company views its operations and manages the business as one operating segment.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are primarily made in relation to the valuations supporting stock compensation, the estimation of the incremental borrowing rate for operating leases and standalone selling prices of performance obligations in collaboration agreements. If actual results differ from the Company’s estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the Company’s results of operations could either benefit from, or be adversely affected by, any such change in estimate.

Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury bills and bonds, as well as corporate bonds. Cash and cash equivalents, as well as short and long-term investments include a checking account and asset management accounts held by a limited number of financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, uncertainty of market acceptance of its products, competition from substitute products and larger companies, protection of proprietary technology, strategic relationships, and dependence on key individuals.

Products developed by the Company require clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance the Company’s future products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company was denied clearance, clearance was delayed, or if the Company was unable to maintain clearance, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern,” which continues to spread throughout the world and has adversely impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets. Although many countries have re-opened, rises in new cases, including as the result of newly identified COVID-19 variants, have caused certain countries, states, and localities to re-initiate restrictions. Vaccines were introduced late in the fourth quarter of 2020 and became widely available by the end of the first quarter of 2021. While the vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 including the variants that have evolved to date, the overall vaccination rate in the United States may not have reached the level required for herd immunity. Certain variants of COVID-19 have proven to be more easily spread than earlier variants. The incomplete vaccination rate, and the emergence of new variants which could prove resistant to existing vaccines could again result in major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak closely. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact its operations or financial results is uncertain.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction

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between market participants at the reporting date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 Inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including inputs in markets that are not considered to be active;

Level 3 Inputs are unobservable in which there is little or no market data available, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions that are unobservable.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

Management considers all highly liquid investments with an insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $1,979 and $1,717, respectively, in cash on deposit to secure certain lease commitments. Restricted cash is recorded separately in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The following provides a reconciliation of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,350	$	56,445
Restricted cash		1,979		1,717
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	113,329	$	58,162

Investments

The Company invests in fixed maturity securities including U.S. Treasury bills and bonds as well as corporate bonds. The investments are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are determined by comparing the fair market value of the securities with their cost or amortized cost. Realized gains and losses on investments are recorded on the trade date and are included in the statement of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specified identification method. Investment income is recognized as earned and discounts or premiums arising from the purchase of debt securities are recognized in investment income using the interest method over the remaining term of the security. Securities with an original maturity date greater than three months that mature within one year of the balance sheet date are classified as short-term, while investments with a maturity date greater than one year are classified as long-term.

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Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease. Construction in progress includes direct cost related to the construction of leasehold improvements and is stated at original cost. Such costs are not depreciated until the asset is completed and placed into service. Once the asset is placed into service, these capitalized costs will be allocated to leasehold improvements and will be depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease.

Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, with any resulting gain or loss recognized concurrently.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, stock compensation, materials, supplies, rent, depreciation on and maintenance of research equipment with alternative future use, and the cost of services provided by outside contractors. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation

Employees, consultants and members of the board of directors of the Company have received stock options and restricted stock of the Company. The Company recognizes the cost of the stock-based compensation incurred as its employees and board members vest in the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“Black Scholes”) to determine the fair value of options granted. The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based vesting conditions and performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable.

Black-Scholes requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (i) the expected stock price volatility, (ii) the expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) expected dividends. Due to the lack of a public market for the Company’s common stock prior to its IPO and lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company based its computation of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a representative group of public companies with similar characteristics to the Company, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with expected term assumption. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees and board members whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the options due to its lack of sufficient historical data. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to pay any dividends on its common stock. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

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Warrants

The Company has issued warrants that have been recognized as equity, and the fair value is recorded into additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Warrants are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. The Company’s warrants issued are in connection with its long-term debt and in connection with services provided by consultants, and are equity classified on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Equity classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date, using Black Scholes, with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.

Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Century Canada is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities of Century Canada are translated into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates at the end of each reporting period. Expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period. Gains and losses arising from the translation of assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss or income on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are reflected within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has not utilized any foreign currency hedging strategies to mitigate the effect of its foreign currency exposure.

Intercompany payables and receivables are considered to be long-term in nature and any change in balance due to foreign currency fluctuation is included as a component of the Company’s consolidated comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive loss within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Basic and diluted net loss per common shares

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per common share by dividing the net loss applicable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted- average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effects of its warrants, restricted stock and stock options to purchase common shares, but such items are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Because the impact of these items are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there were no differences between the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Early exercised options

The Company allowed certain of its employees and its consultants to exercise options granted under the 2018 Plan (Note 17) prior to vesting and prior to its IPO. The shares related to early exercised stock options are subject to the Company’s repurchase right upon termination of employment or services at the lesser of the original purchase price or fair market value at the time of repurchase. In order to vest, the holders are required to provide continued service to the Company. The early exercise by an employee or consultant of a stock option is not considered to be a substantive exercise for accounting purposes, and therefore, the payment received by the employer for the exercise price is recognized as a liability. For accounting purposes, unvested early exercised shares are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The deposits received are initially recorded in deposit liability. The liabilities are reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in-capital as the repurchase right lapses. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $1,831 and $3,000, respectively, recorded in deposit liability related to shares held by employees and nonemployees that were subject to repurchase.

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All shares that were early exercised by the executives of the Company are considered legally issued, however, for accounting purposes, only vested shares are considered issued. Below is a reconciliation of shares issued and outstanding:

	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Total shares legally outstanding	58,997,659	56,633,898
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Less: unvested restricted stock	(247,780)	(681,789)
Total shares issued and outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

Restricted stock

In 2018, the Company issued 1,704,256 restricted stock awards at a purchase price of $0.03 per share. In 2019, the Company issued 850,312 restricted stock awards at a weighted average purchase price of $0.70 per share. In October 2019, the Company repurchased 298,080 shares at $1.03 per share. In 2021, the Company issued 194,320 restricted stock awards. As of September 30, 2022, the number of restricted stock awards vested were 2,203,028. For accounting purposes, unvested restricted stock awards are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore are not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $246 and $735, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $567 and $695, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no accrued interest or penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheet.

Collaboration revenue

The Company may enter into collaboration and licensing agreements with strategic partners for research and development, manufacturing, and commercialization of its product candidates. Payments under these arrangements may include non-refundable, upfront fees; reimbursement of certain costs; customer option

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fees for additional goods or services; payments upon the achievement of development, regulatory, and commercial milestones; sales of product at certain agreed-upon amounts; and royalties on product sales.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. This standard applies to all contracts with customers. When an agreement falls under the scope of other standards, such as ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, the Company will apply the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure guidance in ASC 606 to the performance obligations in the agreements if those performance obligations are with a customer. Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue on the statements of operations.

Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under a collaboration agreement, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must use its judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract for the allocation of transaction price. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues and costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of regulatory and commercial success. The Company also applies significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, non-current.

If an arrangement is determined to contain customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, the goods and services underlying the customer options are not considered to be performance obligations at the outset of the arrangement, as they are contingent upon option exercise. The Company evaluates the customer options for material rights or options to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. If the customer options are not determined to represent a material right, no transaction price is allocated to these options and the Company will account for these options at that time they are exercised. If the customer options are determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement.

The promises under the Company’s collaboration agreements may include research and development services to be performed by the Company for or on behalf of the customer. Amounts allocated to these performance obligations are recognized as the Company performs these obligations, and revenue is measured based on an inputs method of costs incurred to date of budgeted costs. Under certain circumstances, the Company may be reimbursed for certain expenses incurred under the research and development services.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The Company evaluates

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factors such as the scientific, clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the statements of operations in the period of adjustment.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (ASC 326). The guidance is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023 and it changes how entities account for credit losses on the financial assets and other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income, including available-for-sale debt securities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3—Initial capitalization

On June 21, 2019, Prior Century and Bayer entered into a Commitment Agreement to initially capitalize the Company. The Commitment Agreement called for capital contributions from Prior Century and Bayer as follows:

Century Capital Contributions

In exchange for issuing 67,226,891 common units to Prior Century, the Company acquired substantially all of Prior Century’s assets, assumed all of its liabilities and assumed the operations of Prior Century.

The Company evaluated the acquisition under the guidance within ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” and concluded that the group of assets acquired did not meet the definition of a business, and, as such, the acquisition was accounted for under the asset acquisition model. The definition of a business was not met because substantially all the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in an in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) asset. In an asset acquisition, the total transaction cost is allocated between the acquired identified tangible and intangible assets based on relative fair value.

Total transaction costs for the assets acquired were $252,107, which was the fair value of the equity interests issued to Prior Century, with no additional capitalizable transaction costs. Equity issuance costs related to Prior Century were $407, which were recorded as a reduction to members’ equity. The relative fair value allocation was as follows:

	As of June 21, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,163
IPR&D		225,946
Property and equipment		1,034
Other current assets		578
Other non-current assets		669
Current liabilities		(1,283)
Total	$	252,107

Under the asset acquisition model, an entity that acquires IPR&D assets follows the guidance in ASC 730, which requires that both tangible and intangible identifiable research and development assets with no alternative future use be initially allocated a portion of the consideration transferred and then charged to expense at the acquisition date. The IPR&D asset acquired was Prior Century’s comprehensive allogenic cell therapy platform. As the IPR&D asset has no alternative future use to the Company, the Company charged $225,946 to expense within its consolidated statements of operations in 2019.

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Bayer Capital Contributions

In accordance with the Commitment Agreement, Bayer agreed to provide an aggregate cash capital contribution of $215,000. The Bayer cash commitment was split into capital contributions of $145,000 (“Tranche 1”) and $70,000 (“Tranche 2”). Tranche 2 was eliminated in connection with the Series C preferred financing. See Note 10.

Bayer Rights

In connection with the Commitment Agreement, Bayer was granted approval and veto rights over certain decisions related to the operations of the Company through its manager representation on the Company’s Board of Managers. Prior Century held similar rights.

Tranche 1 was funded in exchange for 26,143,790 common units, with $75,000 paid at closing and the remaining $70,000 due upon the Company meeting certain development milestones or in 3 years.

During 2019, the Company received $74,839 from Tranche 1, net of equity issuance costs of $161. The Company accounted for the $70,000 as a subscription receivable, which was recorded as contra-equity within its consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit).

On June 18, 2020, the Company, Prior Century and Bayer executed an amendment to the Commitment Agreement to modify the terms for the Company to receive the remaining Tranche 1 subscription receivable of $70,000. In November 2020, the Company received proceeds of $38,100 of the Tranche 1 subscription receivable. The remaining $31,900 was received in January 2021. The Commitment Agreement terminated in connection with the Series C Preferred financing, and Bayer has no obligation to invest any additional amounts. In addition, upon the closing of the Company’s IPO and the conversion of the Company’s preferred stock into common stock in connection therewith, all approval, veto and representation rights held by Bayer and other holders of preferred stock terminated.

Bayer Option Agreement

As a condition of the Tranche 1 closing, Bayer and Prior Century were required to enter into an Option Agreement, pursuant to which Bayer was provided the right of first refusal to acquire certain products researched and developed by the Company. Bayer’s right of first refusal is exercisable with respect to up to four products. Subject to certain exceptions, Bayer may only exercise these option rights in a non-sequential and alternating manner, and such rights are subject to additional limitations.

Note 4—Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC

On June 9, 2020, Century Canada and the Company entered into an agreement with Empirica, a company focused on the development of adoptive immunotherapies against aggressive and treatment-resistant forms of cancers, including glioblastoma and brain metastasis. Under the terms of the Empirica Agreement, the Company acquired an IPR&D asset. Cash of $4,519 was paid at closing and transaction expenses totaled $203. The Company also deposited $1,506 in escrow (the “Escrow Deposit”). Release of the Escrow Deposit is subject to the terms of a promissory note, which provides for the funds to be released in equal annual installments over a three-year period related to continuing services by certain Empirica shareholders. In July 2021, the first annual installment of $523 was released from the Escrow Deposit. In June 2022, the second annual installment of $517 was released from the Escrow Deposit. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, accrued compensation expense on the promissory note was $120 and $261, which is presented within escrow deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company evaluated the acquisition under the guidance within ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” and concluded that the group of assets acquired did not meet the definition of a business, and, as such, the acquisition was accounted for under the asset acquisition model. The definition of a business was not met because substantially all the fair value of the asset acquired was concentrated in an IPR&D asset.

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Note 5—Financial instruments and fair value measurements

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	106,716		—		—	$	106,716
U.S. Treasury		90,016		—		—		90,016
Corporate bonds		—		193,920		—		193,920
Total	$	196,732	$	193,920	$	—	$	390,652

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of December 31, 2021, by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	52,882		—		—	$	52,882
U.S. Treasury		79,752		—		—		79,752
Corporate bonds		—		222,596		—		222,596
Total	$	132,634	$	222,596	$	—	$	355,230

There were no transfers between levels during the period ended September 30, 2022. The Company uses the services of its investment manager, which uses widely accepted models for assumptions in valuing securities with inputs from major third-party data providers.

The Company classifies all of its investments in fixed maturity debt securities as available-for-sale and, accordingly, are carried at estimated fair value.

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities are as follows as of September 30, 2022:

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	91,913	$	—	$	(1,897)	$	90,016
Corporate bonds		195,548		—		(1,628)		193,920
Total	$	287,461	$	—	$	(3,524)	$	283,936

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities are as follows as of December 31, 2021:

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	80,052	$	—	$	(300)	$	79,752
Corporate bonds		222,898		—		(302)		222,596
Total	$	302,950	$	—	$	(602)	$	302,348

The following table provides the maturities of our fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Less than one year	$	244,509	$	166,434
One to five years		39,427		135,914
	$	283,936	$	302,348

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The Company has evaluated the unrealized losses on the fixed maturity securities and determined that they are not attributable to credit risk factors. For fixed maturity securities, losses in fair value are viewed as temporary if the fixed maturity security can be held to maturity and it is reasonable to assume that the issuer will be able to service the debt, both as to principal and interest.

Note 6—Prepaid expenses and other current assets

The following is a summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	354	$	210
Insurance		1,824		1,606
Software licenses		2,611		2,033
Reimbursement receivable		364		250
Warranties		283		424
Other		—		250
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	5,436	$	4,773

Note 7—Property and equipment, net

The following is a summary of property and equipment, net:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Lab equipment	$	29,948	$	18,114
Leasehold improvements		47,693		8,365
Construction in progress		6,483		32,836
Computer software and equipment		3,127		2,623
Furniture and fixtures		1,541		1,358
Total		88,792		63,296
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(10,854)		(5,329)
Property and equipment, net	$	77,938	$	57,967

Depreciation expense was $2,774 and $1,044 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation expense was $5,602 and $2,697 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively

Note 8—Accrued expenses and other liabilities

The following is a summary of accrued expenses:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Payroll and bonuses	$	5,185	$	4,445
Interest		92		82
Professional and legal fees		2,516		796
Operating lease liability, current		505		615
Other		457		102
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	8,755	$	6,040

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Note 9—Long-term debt

The following is a summary of the Company’s indebtedness:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Principal	$	10,000	$	10,000
Plus: End of term fee		395		395
Less: Debt discount attributable to warrants, net of accretion		(12)		(25)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing cost and end of term fee, net of accretion		(211)		(428)
Long-term debt, net	$	10,172	$	9,942

On September 14, 2020, the Company entered into a $10,000 Term Loan Agreement (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”). Pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed $10,000 (the “Tranche 1 Advance”) from the lenders at closing. Beginning January 1, 2021 and upon the achievement of certain development milestones and continuing through September 30, 2021 the Company may borrow an additional $10,000 (the “Tranche 2 Advance”). The remaining $10,000 tranche (“Tranche 3 Advance”) is subject to Hercules’ investment committee’s sole discretion.

The Loan Agreement has a four-year term and an interest-only period of up to 30 months. The Company was in compliance with all provisions of the Loan Agreement as of September 30, 2022. Amounts borrowed under the Loan Agreement accrue interest at a floating rate per annum (based on a year of 360 days) equal to (i) the sum of (a) the greater of 6.30% plus (b) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue or (ii) 9.55%. The interest rate as of September 30, 2022 was 12.55%.

The Company incurred $410 in deferred financing costs. The Company is also required to pay the lenders an end of term fee of 3.95% of loan proceeds upon repayment or prepayment of any loans made under the Loan Agreement. The end of term fee is being recognized as interest expense and accreted over the term of the Loan Agreement using the effective interest method. The Company is also required to pay Hercules a prepayment charge equal to 2.00% of the loan amounts prepaid during the interest-only period and 1.00% thereafter on any loans made under the Loan Agreement.

The Company granted Hercules a lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets, excluding intellectual property.

The Company issued to Hercules warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 16,112 shares of common stock. The warrants are exercisable for a period of ten years from the date of the issuance of each warrant at a per share exercise price equal to $13.96, subject to certain adjustments as specified in the warrants. The fair value of the warrants at issuance was $46. The Company accounted for the warrants as equity, and the fair value is recorded in additional paid-in capital. The warrant value is also recorded as a debt discount and classified as a contra- liability on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized to interest expense. If the Company borrows on the remaining two tranche advances outlined above, the Company will be required to issue warrants to Hercules equal to 2.25% of the aggregate amount funded.

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Interest expense of the Loan Agreement is as follows:

	For the Three		For the Three		For the Nine		For the Nine
	Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Interest expense	$	296	$	245	$	787	$	725
Amortization of debt issuance costs, including end of term fee accretion		77		77		230		229
	$	373	$	322	$	1,017	$	954

Included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $92 and $82 of accrued interest, respectively.

Future principal payments due (including the end of term fee) under the Loan Agreement are as follows (in thousands):

	Principal Payments
2023	$	6,544
2024		3,851
Total future payments	$	10,395

Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

On February 25, 2021, the Company converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, and changed its name to CenturyTx, Inc. Upon completion of this conversion, Prior Century merged with and into CenturyTx, Inc., with CenturyTx, Inc. as the surviving entity and changed its name to “Century Therapeutics, Inc.” In connection with this merger, the holders of equity interests, including Series A Preferred Stock, common stock, restricted common stock and stock options in Prior Century received equivalent equity interests in Century Therapeutics, Inc. Bayer’s common units in the Company were converted into Series B Preferred Stock.

Upon the execution of the preceding conversion on February 25, 2021, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with existing and new investors whereby the Company issued and sold 24,721,999 shares of Series C Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.0001, to investors at a price of $6.472 per shares for gross proceeds of $160,000.

Pursuant to its Amended Articles of Incorporation filed on February 25, 2021, the Company was authorized to issue 125,236,190 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock and 85,865,789 shares of $0.0001 par value Preferred Stock. Of the Preferred Stock, 35,000,000 shares are designated as Series A Preferred Stock, 26,143,790 are designated as Series B Preferred Stock and 24,721,999 are designated as Series C Preferred Stock.

On June 22, 2021 when the Company closed its IPO, all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock were converted into an aggregate of 34,126,528 shares of Common Stock automatically and without any action on the part of the holder thereof. The per share conversion price of each of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock was equal to $1.00, $5.55 and $6.472, respectively. The Company is authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

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Note 11 – Revenue recognition

On January 7, 2022, the Company entered into the Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb to collaborate on the research, development and commercialization of iNK and iT cell programs for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors (“Collaboration Program,” and each product candidate a “Development Candidate”). The Collaboration Agreement is within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements as both parties are active participants in the arrangement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards. While this arrangement is in the scope of ASC 808, the Company analogizes to ASC 606 for the accounting for the Collaboration Agreement, including for the delivery of goods and services (i.e., units of account). Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue in the statements of operations.

Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, the Company and Bristol-Myers Squibb will initially collaborate on two Collaboration Programs focused on acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”) and multiple myeloma (“MM”), and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to add up to two additional Collaboration Programs for an additional fee. The Company is responsible for generating Development Candidates for each Collaboration Program, and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for pre-clinical development, clinical development and commercialization on a worldwide basis (“License Option”). Following Bristol-Myers Squibb’s exercise of the License Option, the Company will be responsible for performing IND-enabling studies, supporting Bristol-Myers Squibb’s preparation and submission of an IND, and manufacturing of clinical supplies until completion of a proof of concept clinical trial. Bristol-Myers Squibb will be responsible for all regulatory, clinical, manufacturing (after the proof of concept clinical trial) and commercialization activities for such Development Candidates worldwide. The Company has the option to co-promote Development Candidates generated from certain specified Collaboration Programs.

Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb made a non-refundable, upfront cash payment of $100,000 and will pay an exercise fee upon the exercise of the License Option (“Licensed Program” and product candidates developed under a Licensed Program, “Licensed Products”). For each Licensed Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb will pay up to $235,000 in milestone payments upon the first achievement of certain development and regulatory milestones and will pay up to $500,000 per Licensed Product in net sales-based milestone payments. Bristol-Myers Squibb will also pay the Company tiered royalties per Licensed Product as a percentage of net sales in the high-single digits to low-teens, subject to reduction for biosimilar competition, compulsory licensing and certain third party license costs. If Century exercises its co-promote option, such royalty percentage will be increased to low-teens to high-teens in respect of the sales of the co-promoted Licensed Products in the United States. The royalty term shall terminate on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and country-by-country basis on the latest of (i) the twelve (12) year anniversary of the first commercial sale of such Licensed Product in such country, (ii) the expiration of any regulatory exclusivity period that covers such Licensed Product in such country, and (iii) the expiration of the last-to-expire licensed patent of the Company or a jointly owned patent that covers such the Licensed Product in such country. After expiration of the applicable royalty term for a Licensed Product in a country, all licenses granted by the Company to Bristol-Myers Squibb for such Licensed Product in such country will be fully paid-up, royalty- free, perpetual and irrevocable.

In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb purchased 2,160,760 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share of $23.14, for an aggregate purchase price of $50,000. In determining the fair value of the common stock issued to Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Company considered the closing price of the common stock on the date of the transaction and included a lack of marketability discount because the shares are subject to certain restrictions. The Company determined the common stock purchase represented a premium of $7.82 per share, or $23,200 in the aggregate (“Equity Premium”), and the remaining $26,800 was recorded as issuance of common stock in stockholders’ equity.

The Company identified the following commitments under the arrangement: (i) research and development services (“R&D Services”) under each of the two initial Collaboration Programs and (ii) Bristol-Myers Squibb’s License Option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for each of the two initial Collaboration Programs. The Company determined that these four commitments represent distinct

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performance obligations for purposes of recognizing revenue and will recognize revenue as the Company fulfills each performance obligation.

The Company determined that the upfront payment and Equity Premium constitute the transaction price at the inception of the Collaboration Agreement. The future potential development and regulatory milestone payments were fully constrained at contract inception as the risk of significant revenue reversal related to these amounts has not yet been resolved. The achievement of the future potential milestones is not within the Company’s control and is subject to certain research and development success and therefore carries significant uncertainty. The Company will reevaluate the likelihood of achieving these milestones at the end of each reporting period and adjust the transaction price in the period the risk is resolved. In addition, the Company will recognize any consideration related to sales-based milestones and royalties when the subsequent sales occur.

At September 30, 2022, the total transaction price of $123,187 is allocated to the performance obligations based on their estimated standalone selling price. The stand-alone selling price of the research and development services was estimated using the expected cost-plus margin approach, and the stand-alone selling price of the License Options was based on a discounted cash flow approach and considered several factors including, but not limited to, discount rate, development timeline, regulatory risks, estimated market demand, and future revenue potential using an adjusted market approach. The allocated transaction price is recognized as revenue in one of two ways:

● Research and development services: The Company recognizes the portion of the transaction price allocated to each of the research and development performance obligations as the research and development services are provided, using an inputs method, in proportion to costs incurred to date for each research development target as compared to total costs incurred and expected to be incurred in the future to satisfy the underlying obligation related to each research and development target. The transfer of control occurs over this period and, in management’s judgment, is the best measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation.

● License option rights: The transaction price allocated to the license options rights, which are considered material rights to license and commercialize the underlying research and development target, are deferred until the period that Bristol-Myers Squibb elects to exercise or elects to not exercise its option or when the option to exercise expires.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the total transaction price to the identified performance obligations under the arrangement, and the amount of the transaction price unsatisfied as of September 30, 2022:

Performance obligations:	Transaction price		Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized		Deferred collaboration revenue
Option rights	$	109,045	$	-	$	109,045
Research and development services		14,142		(4,678)		9,464
Total		123,187		(4,678)		118,509
Less current portion of deferred revenue		-		-		(7,571)
Total long-term deferred revenue	$	123,187	$	(4,678)	$	110,938

As a direct result of the execution of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company incurred $10,000 in fees to amend the FCDI agreement to gain access to the territory rights of Japan. This is recorded as in-process research and development expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Note 12—Commitments and contingencies

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when future expenditures are probable and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

Distributed Bio Master Service Agreement

On July 24, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Service Agreement with Distributed Bio, Inc (“DBio”), whereby DBio will screen for protein binders that bind to specific therapeutic targets. The Company pays for such services according to a payment schedule, and if the Company brings the protein binders into the clinic for further development, DBio will receive milestone payments of up to $16,100 in total for each product as the products move through the clinical development and regulatory approval processes. No milestone payments were due since the inception of the agreement.

The Company had $36 within accrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31, 2021, in its consolidated balance sheets related to the Master Service Agreement.

iCELL Inc. Sublicense Agreement

In March 2020, the Company entered into a Sublicense Agreement with iCELL Inc (“iCELL”) whereby iCELL granted the Company a license of certain patents and technology. The Company will pay iCELL royalties in the low single digits on net sales of the licensed product. In addition to the earned royalties, the Company will pay sales milestones, not to exceed $70,000, for the sales of the licensed product. iCELL is also eligible to receive payments of up to $4,250 in development and regulatory approval milestone payments. No milestones or royalties were due in 2022 or 2021.

University of Toronto and McMaster University

In connection with the Empirica asset acquisition in June 2020 (Note 4), the Company acquired a license agreement by and among the Governing Council of the University of Toronto, or the Council, the McMaster University, or, together with the Council, the Toronto Universities, and Empirica (the Empirica License). Under the Empirica License, the Company received an exclusive, non- transferable, sublicensable, worldwide license to certain patents and antibody sequences and related intellectual property rights and know-how.

Pursuant to the Empirica License, the Company is required to make aggregate milestone payments of $18,000 to the Toronto Universities upon the achievement of regulatory approval for certain products developed pursuant to the Empirica License. The Company is also required to make royalty payments to the Toronto Universities in an amount equal to a low single-digit percentage of annual net sales of any product commercialized utilizing technology licensed. The Company is also required to pay the Toronto Institutions 50% of all non-royalty payments from sublicenses up to certain maximum amounts and 50% of royalty payments from sublicenses up to a maximum low single-digit percentage.

The Empirica License expires upon the expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim covering the antibody and antibody-derived technology licensed under the agreement, which, if issued, is expected to expire in 2037. The Toronto Universities may immediately terminate the agreement upon certain insolvency events and the Company may terminate the agreement for convenience upon 30 days’ written notice.

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Note 13—Leases

The Company has commitments under operating leases for certain facilities used in its operations. The Company maintains security deposits on certain leases in the amounts of $1,278 and $1,549 within security deposits in its consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company’s leases have initial lease terms ranging from 5 to 16 years. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases.

The following table reflects the components of lease expense:

	For the		For the		For the		For the
	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Operating lease expense:
Fixed lease cost	$	1,795	$	597	$	3,298	$	1,659
Variable lease cost		303		119		840		557
Short term lease expense		602		653		1,971		1,963
Total operating lease expense	$	2,700	$	1,369	$	6,109	$	4,179

The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:

		As of		As of
		September 30,		December 31,
	Location in Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	29,488	$	11,854
Operating lease liability, current	Accrued expenses and other liabilities		505		615
Operating lease liability, long-term	Operating lease liability, long-term		36,594		14,559
Total operating lease liability		$	37,099	$	15,174

The following table reflects supplement lease term and discount rate information related to leases:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms - operating leases	9.63 years		7.99 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	9.0	%	9.0	%

The following table reflects supplemental cash flow information related to leases as of the periods indicated:

	For the Nine Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	3,560	$	176
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	$	18,740	$	3,295

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The following table reflects future minimum lease payments under noncancelable leases as of September 30, 2022:

	Operating Leases
2022	$	828
2023		5,239
2024		8,521
2025		8,692
2026		8,833
Thereafter		63,063
Total lease payments		95,176
Less: Imputed interest		(49,792)
Less: Tenant incentive receivable		(8,285)
Total	$	37,099

Note 14—Income taxes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded no income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred or for the research and development tax credits generated in the U.S. due to its uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a tax provision of less than $100, related to its income tax obligations of its operating company in Canada.

The Company’s tax provision and the resulting effective tax rate for interim periods is determined based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for the effect of discrete items arising in that quarter. The impact of such inclusions could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made in that quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company excluded the U.S. from the calculation of the AETR as the Company anticipates an ordinary loss in these jurisdictions for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize its deferred tax assets, which primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards. The Company has considered its history of cumulative net losses in the U.S., estimated future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of its U.S. deferred tax assets. As a result, as of September 30, 2022, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets in the U.S.

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Note 15—Basic and diluted net loss per common share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares for basic and diluted net loss per share		57,973,541		54,472,650		57,573,406		24,838,250
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.53)	$	(0.48)	$	(1.72)	$	(2.72)

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include restricted stock, warrants, early exercised stock options and stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, have been excluded from the computation of dilutive net loss per share as the effect would be antidilutive. Therefore, the weighted- average number of shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential shares of common stock presented based on amounts outstanding at each stated period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	Nine Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,	September 30,
	2022	2021
Stock options to purchase common stock	7,724,059	5,706,130
Early exercised stock options subject to future vesting	565,224	1,079,794
Restricted stock award subject to future vesting	247,780	818,214
Warrants	32,009	32,009
Total	8,569,072	7,636,147

Note 16—Defined contribution plan

The Company has a 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (“401(k) Plan”) that is available to all employees of the Company. The Company has elected a Safe-Harbor provision for the 401(k) Plan in which participants are always fully vested in their employer contributions. The Company matches 100% of the first 3% of participating employee contributions and 50% of the next 2% of participating employee contributions. Contributions are made in cash. Contributions were approximately $249 and $88 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $644 and $449 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively. Such contribution expense has been recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for each period.

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Note 17—Stock-based compensation

As part of the merger discussed in Note 2 above, the Company adopted from Prior Century, the 2018 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan provides for the Company to sell or issue common stock or restricted common stock, or to grant incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options for the purchase of common stock, to employees, members of the Board of Directors, and consultants of the Company under terms and provisions established by the Board of Directors. Under the terms of the Plan, options may be granted at an exercise price not less than fair market value.

The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based vesting conditions and performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. Stock awards granted typically vest over a four-year period but may be granted with different vesting terms. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable. On June 17, 2021, this plan was replaced by the Century Therapeutics, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Incentive Plan”) and future issuances of incentive awards will be governed by that plan.

Upon adoption of the 2021 Incentive Plan, the Company was authorized to issue 5,481,735 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 Incentive Plan (which represents 5,640,711 shares of Common Stock initially available for grant under the 2021 Incentive Plan less 158,976 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of previously granted stock options that remain outstanding under the 2018 Incentive Plan).

The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”) was approved by the board of directors on May 27, 2021. A total of 564,071 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under this plan. No shares are issued or outstanding under the 2021 ESPP.

On January 1, 2022, the Company was authorized to issue an additional 2,750,276 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 Incentive Plan and an additional 550,055 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 ESPP pursuant to “evergreen” provisions contained in each of the 2021 Incentive Plan and 2021 ESPP.

The Company recognizes the costs of the stock-based payments as the employees vest in the awards. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $2,786 of stock-based compensation expense of which $1,419 was general and administrative expense and $1,367 was research and development expenses recorded within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $7,937 of stock-based compensation expense of which $3,728 was general and administrative expense and $4,209 was research and development expenses recorded within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

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Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022:

		Weighted Average
				Remaining		Aggregate
				Contractual		Intrinsic
				Term		Value
	Shares	Exercise Price		(years)		(in thousands)
Outstanding January 1, 2022	5,678,604	$	5.36	8.35	$	11,595
Granted	2,417,782		12.55	—		—
Exercised - vested	(203,001)		1.24	—		—
Forfeited	(169,326)		6.30	—		—
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	7,724,059	$	7.63	8.04	$	28,307
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	3,186,663	$	3.93	7.51	$	17,362

The weighted average grant date fair value of awards for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $8.22. As of September 30, 2022, there was $28,936 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options with time-based vesting terms, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.75 years.

During 2020, the Company issued 213,624 performance-based awards, respectively, that vest upon contingent events. The performance condition for these awards were achieved as of September 30, 2021. As a result, the Company recorded compensation expense related to the performance-based awards of $227 in 2021.

The Company estimates the fair value of its option awards to employees and directors using Black-Scholes. Due to the lack of substantial company-specific historical and implied volatility data of its common stock, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar public companies. The Company has never paid dividends and does not expect to in the foreseeable future. The expected term of the options granted to employees is derived from the “simplified” method as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 relating to stock-based compensation. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the expected term of the option are based on the U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The Company will account for actual forfeitures as they occur.

The weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted are as follows:

	September 30, 2022
Expected dividend rate	—
Expected option term (years)	6.07
Expected volatility	73.47	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.95	%

Restricted Stock

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

		Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Total Unvested December 31, 2021	681,789	$	4.20
Granted	—		—
Vested	(434,009)		1.80
Total Unvested September 30, 2022	247,780	$	8.41

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Pursuant to certain stock purchase agreements containing vesting and other provisions, the Company has the right to repurchase unvested shares.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $2,063 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested restricted stock with time-based vesting terms, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.38 years. All restricted stock vests over a four-year period.

Early-Exercise of Unvested Equity Awards

As part of the merger, the Company assumed a deposit liability from Prior Century. Certain equity award holders early exercised unvested equity awards. The cash received upon early exercise of options of $1,831 was recorded as a deposit liability on the Company’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2022.

Note 18—Related party transactions

License Agreements and Collaborative Agreements with Shareholder of Equity Method Investor

As part of the Commitment Agreement, the Company acquired licenses and other contracts from Prior Century that were originally entered into by Prior Century and FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc. (“FCDI”). FCDI is a shareholder of Century. The acquired licenses and other contracts with FCDI are as follows:

FCDI Licenses

The Company acquired from Prior Century a non-exclusive license agreement with FCDI. The license provides the Company with certain patents and know-how related to the reprogramming of human somatic cells to induce pluripotent stem cells (“iPSCs”) (“License Agreement”). Under this agreement, the Company is required to make certain developmental and regulatory milestone payments as well as royalty payments upon commercialization. Royalties are in the low single digits on the sale of all licensed products.

The Company also acquired from Prior Century an exclusive license agreement with FCDI. The license provides the Company with patents and know-how related to human iPSC exclusively manufactured by FCDI.

The potential development and regulatory milestone payments to be paid by the Company to FCDI are $6,000.

Letter Agreement

On January 7, 2022, the Company and FCDI entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”), which amended each of the license agreements with FCDI (the “FCDI Agreements”) such that (i) the definition of Territory under each of the FCDI Agreements, for purposes of the sublicenses under the FCDI Agreements pursuant to the Company’s Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, includes Japan, (ii) the licenses granted to the Company and its affiliates under the FCDI Agreements are sublicensable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, including with respect to Japan and (iii) Bristol-Myers Squibb is not subject to grant-back and option provisions under the reprogramming license.

Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, and in consideration for amending the FCDI Agreements, the Company (i) paid to FCDI an upfront payment of $10,000, (ii) will pay to FCDI a percentage of any milestone payments received by us under the Collaboration Agreement in respect of achievement of development or regulatory milestones specific to Japan, and (iii) will pay to FCDI a percentage of all royalties received by the Company under the Collaboration Agreement in respect of sales of products in Japan.

FCDI Collaboration Agreement

In October 2019, the Company entered into the Master Collaboration Agreement with FCDI, whereby FCDI will provide certain services to the Company to develop and manufacture iPSCs and immune cells derived therefrom. FCDI will provide services in accordance with the approved research plan and related research

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budget. The initial research plan covers the period from October 2019 through March 31, 2022. On July 29, 2022 the Company amended it’s Master Collaboration Agreement to extend the term through September 30, 2025.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company made payments of $866 and $6,717 and incurred research and development expenses of $280 and $4,117 and legal fees of $21 and $112, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022, there was $721 in accrued expenses related to this agreement on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2021, there was $2,375 in accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheets.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made payments of $3,496 and $11,280 and incurred research and development expenses of $3,803 and $10,966, and legal fees of $14 and $70, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Consulting Arrangements with Shareholders of Equity Method Investor

In 2019, the Company entered into arrangements with two shareholders of the Company, wherein the shareholders provide consulting services to the Company. As compensation for the consulting services, the shareholders are entitled to an annual retainer fee of $125 payable quarterly, along with payment of reasonable expenses associated with providing the consulting services. The Company incurred $19 and $57 related to these consulting arrangements that were included in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company incurred $0 and $56 related to these consulting arrangements that were included in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was $18 in accrued expenses related to this agreement on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 19—Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 17, 2022 (the “Annual Report”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Such forward-looking statements, which represent our intent, belief, or current expectations, involve risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “should” and similar expressions. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in results include, but are not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect actual outcomes.

Overview

We are an innovative biotechnology company developing transformative allogeneic cell therapies to create products for the treatment of both solid tumor and hematological malignancies with significant unmet medical need. We have created a comprehensive allogeneic cell therapy platform that includes industry-leading induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, differentiation know-how to generate immune effector cells from iPSCs, or iPSC- derived cells, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, or CRISPR, mediated precision gene editing that allows us to incorporate multiple transgenes and remove target genes intended to optimize cell product performance, sophisticated protein engineering capabilities to develop proprietary next generation chimeric antigen receptors, or CARs, our proprietary Allo-EvasionTM technology intended to prevent rejection of our cell products by the host immune system, and cutting edge manufacturing capabilities intended to minimize product development and supply risk. We believe that these vertically integrated capabilities will allow us to further expand our existing pipeline and develop therapeutics from iPSC-derived natural killer cells, or iNK cells, or iNK, and iPSC-derived T cells, or iT cells, or iT, that may provide enhanced clinical outcomes compared to available therapeutic options. Our vision is to become a premier fully integrated biotechnology company by developing and ultimately commercializing off-the-shelf allogeneic cell therapies that dramatically and positively transform the lives of patients suffering from life-threatening cancers. To achieve our vision, we have assembled a world-class team whose members collectively have decades of experience in cell therapy and drug development, manufacturing, and commercialization.

We were formed in 2018 as Century Therapeutics, Inc., or Prior Century. In 2019, in connection with our investment from Bayer Healthcare LLC, or Bayer, Prior Century contributed substantially all of its operating assets and cash to a newly formed entity, Century Therapeutics, LLC, or the LLC Entity. We refer to this transaction as the 2019 Reorganization. The 2019 Reorganization was accounted for as an asset acquisition under US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and as a result we recorded a one-time non-cash charge in the amount of $225.9 million which represented the fair value of the contributed in-process research and development, or IPR&D, of Prior Century. The IPR&D asset acquired was Prior Century’s comprehensive allogeneic cell therapy platform.

Until February 2021, our business was operated through the LLC Entity. In February 2021, in connection with the sale of 24,721,999 shares of our Series C preferred stock, or the Series C Financing, the LLC Entity converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware C corporation. Upon completion of this conversion, Prior Century, whose only significant asset was its equity investment in LLC, merged with the C corporation, and in connection therewith the C corporation changed its name to “Century Therapeutics, Inc.” We refer to these transactions as the 2021 Reorganization.

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Our operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, conducting discovery and research activities, filing patent applications, identifying potential product candidates and preparing to initiate and conduct clinical trials, undertaking preclinical studies and in-licensing intellectual property. All of our programs are currently in the development stage, and we do not have any products approved for sale. Since our inception, we have incurred net losses each year. We had an accumulated deficit of $487.4 million as of September 30, 2022. Substantially all of our losses have resulted from expenses incurred in connection with our research and development programs, the acquisition of in-process research and development and general and administrative costs associated with our operations. Included in our accumulated deficit, as noted above, is a non-cash expense of $225.9 million related to the fair value of the in-process research and development of Prior Century.

In August 2022, the FDA notified us that our ELiPSE-1 clinical study may proceed to assess CNTY-101 in patients with relapsed or refractory CD19 positive B-cell malignancies. The phase 1 trial, ELiPSE-1, is intended to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of CNTY-101 in patients with relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell malignancies. We anticipate initiation of the phase 1 trial imminently.

In June 2021, we completed our initial public offering, or IPO, in which we issued and sold 12,132,500 shares of our common stock, at a public offering price of $20.00 per share. We received net proceeds of $221.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering cost of $21.2 million in the aggregate. To date, we have funded our operations from the issuance and sale of our equity securities and have not generated any revenues. Since our inception, we have raised approximately $591 million in net proceeds from sales of our equity securities. As of September 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $111.4 million and investments of $283.9 million. Based on our current business plans, we believe, our cash, cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2022, will be sufficient for us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures requirements into 2025. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We anticipate that our expenses and operating losses will increase substantially over the foreseeable future. The expected increase in expenses will be driven in large part by our ongoing activities, if and as we:

● continue to advance our iPSC cell therapy platforms;

● advance the clinical development of CNTY-101;

● continue preclinical development of, and initiate clinical development of CNTY-103, CNTY-102 and our other product candidates;

● seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;

● establish and validate our own clinical-scale current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, facilities;

● seek regulatory approvals for any of our other product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

● maintain, expand, protect, and enforce our intellectual property portfolio;

● acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies;

● incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, which will require us to add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our drug development, any future commercialization efforts and our transition to a public company; and

● increase our employee headcount and related expenses to support these activities.

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We are also investing early in building our capabilities in key areas of manufacturing sciences and operations, including development of our iPSC cell therapy platforms, product characterization, and process analytics from the time product candidates are in early research phases. Our investments also include scaled research solutions, scaled infrastructure, and novel technologies intended to improve efficiency, characterization, and scalability of manufacturing.

We anticipate that we will need to raise additional financing in the future to fund our operations, including funding for preclinical studies, clinical trials and the commercialization of any approved product candidates. We intend to use the proceeds from such financings to, among other uses, fund research and development of our product candidates and development programs, including our pre-clinical and clinical development of CNTY-101, CNTY-103, and CNTY-102, and as well as CNTY-104 and CNTY-106 in collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate significant product revenue, we expect to finance our operations with our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments, any future equity or debt financings, and upfront and milestone and royalties payments, if any, received under future licenses or collaborations. We may not be able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when or if we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

The global COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve rapidly, and we will continue to monitor it closely. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, and clinical development timelines and plans remains uncertain and will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, including as a result of the emergence of new variants of COVID-19, and its impact on our clinical trial enrollment, trial sites, CROs, contract manufacturing organizations, and other third parties with whom we do business, as well as its impact on regulatory authorities and our key scientific and management personnel. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced modest delays in our discovery and development activities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to temporary and partial shutdowns at certain of our CROs and academic institutions that have since resumed operations, and due to governmental responses to the pandemic. The ongoing pandemic has led to the implementation of various responses, including travel restrictions, mask mandates, social distancing requirements and other public health safety measures. Although many countries have re-opened, rises in new cases, including as the result of newly identified COVID-19 variants, have caused certain countries, states, and localities to re-initiate restrictions. In response, and in compliance with rapidly changing local and state regulations, we have implemented a mandatory vaccination policy for all employees and have taken other precautionary measures, including testing of any employees displaying symptoms of COVID-19. While the vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 including the variants that have evolved to date, the overall vaccination rate in the United States may have not reached the level required for herd immunity. Certain variants of COVID-19 have proven to be more easily spread than earlier variants. The incomplete vaccination rate, and the emergence of new variants, which could prove resistant to existing vaccines, could again result in major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide. We will continue to actively monitor the situation related to COVID-19 and may take further actions that alter our operations, including those that may be required by federal, state, or local authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees and other third parties with whom we do business. The extent to which the ongoing pandemic may affect our preclinical studies, clinical trials, supply chain, labor force, business, financial condition, and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Bristol-Myers Squibb

On January 7, 2022, we entered into the Research, Collaboration and License Agreement, with Bristol-Myers Squibb, or the Collaboration Agreement, to collaborate on the research, development and commercialization of iNK and iT cell programs for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, or the Collaboration Program, and each product candidate, a Development Candidate. We and Bristol-Myers Squibb will initially collaborate on

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two Collaboration Programs focused on acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, and multiple myeloma, or MM, and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to add up to two additional Collaboration Programs for an additional fee. We are responsible for generating Development Candidates for each Collaboration Program, and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for pre-clinical development, clinical development and commercialization on a worldwide basis, or the License Option. Following Bristol-Myers Squibb’s exercise of the License Option, we will be responsible for performing IND-enabling studies, supporting Bristol-Myers Squibb’s preparation and submission of an IND, and manufacturing of clinical supplies until completion of a proof of concept clinical trial. Bristol-Myers Squibb will be responsible for all regulatory, clinical, manufacturing (after the proof of concept clinical trial) and commercialization activities for such Development Candidates worldwide. We have the option to co-promote Development Candidates generated from certain specified Collaboration Programs.

Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb made a non-refundable, upfront cash payment of $100 million and will pay an exercise fee upon the exercise of the License Option, or the Licensed Program, and product candidates developed under a Licensed Program, the Licensed Products. For each Licensed Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb will pay up to $235 million in milestone payments upon the first achievement of certain development and regulatory milestones and will pay up to $500 million per Licensed Product in net sales-based milestone payments. Bristol-Myers Squibb will also pay us tiered royalties per Licensed Product as a percentage of net sales in the high-single digits to low-teens, subject to certain adjustments.

In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb purchased 2,160,760 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $23.14, for an aggregate purchase price of $50 million. We determined the common stock purchase represented a premium of $7.82 per share, or $23.2 million in the aggregate, and the remaining $26.8 million was recorded as issuance of common stock in stockholders’ equity.

We identified the following commitments under the arrangement: (i) research and development services under each of the two initial Collaboration Programs and (ii) License Option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for each of the two initial Collaboration Programs. We determined that these four commitments represent distinct performance obligations for purposes of recognizing revenue and will recognize revenue as we fulfill each performance obligation.

License and collaboration agreements

Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, Inc. (FCDI)

On September 18, 2018, we entered into a license agreement, or the Differentiation License, with FCDI. The Differentiation License, as amended, provides us with an exclusive license under certain patents and know-how related to human iPSC consisting of cells that are or are modifications of NK cells, T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages derived from human iPSC. In consideration for the Differentiation License, Prior Century issued 2,980,803 shares of common stock to FCDI, which were exchanged for 2,980,803 shares of common stock in connection with the Reorganization.

Also on September 18, 2018, we entered into the non-exclusive license, or the Reprogramming License, with FCDI. The Reprogramming License, as amended, provides us with a non-exclusive license under certain patents and know- how related to the reprogramming of human somatic cells to iPSCs and provide us access to iPSC lines for clinical use. Under the Reprogramming License, we are required to make certain developmental and regulatory milestone payments as well as royalty payments upon commercialization in the low single digits. The potential development and regulatory milestone payments to be paid by us to FCDI are approximately $6 million per licensed product. In connection with the Reprogramming License, we entered into a collaboration agreement, or the FCDI Collaboration Agreement, with FCDI pursuant to which we agreed to fund research and development work at FCDI pursuant to a research plan.

On October 21, 2019, we entered into the FCDI Collaboration Agreement with FCDI, whereby FCDI provides certain services to us to develop and manufacture iPSCs and immune cells derived therefrom. Under the

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terms of the FCDI Collaboration Agreement, as amended, FCDI will provide services in accordance with the approved research plan and related research budget. The initial research plan covers the period from the date of execution of the FCDI Collaboration Agreement through March 31, 2022. On July 29, 2022, we amended the FCDI Collaboration Agreement to extend the term through September 30, 2025.

On January 7, 2022, we and FCDI entered into a letter agreement, or the Letter Agreement, which amends each of the FCDI agreements as further discussed in Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements. Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, and in consideration for amending the FCDI Agreements, we agreed to pay to FCDI (i) an upfront payment of $10 million, (ii) a percentage of any milestone payments received by us under the Collaboration Agreement, in respect of achievement of development or regulatory milestones specific to Japan, and (iii) a percentage of all royalties received by us under the Collaboration Agreement in respect of sales of products in Japan.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company made payments of $0.8 million and $6.7 million and incurred research and development expenses of $0.3 million and $4.1 million and legal fees of $21 thousand and $112 thousand, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made payments of $3.5 million and $11.3 million and incurred research and development expenses of $3.8 million and $10.9 million, and legal fees of $14 thousand and $70 thousand, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

From inception of the FCDI Collaboration Agreement through September 30, 2022, we incurred $35.1 million of expenses under the FCDI Collaboration Agreement.

Empirica acquisition

On June 9, 2020, we acquired certain assets of Empirica Therapeutics, or Empirica, a privately-held early-stage biotechnology company focused on the development of adoptive immunotherapies against the most aggressive and treatment-resistant forms of cancers, including glioblastoma and brain metastasis for a total purchase price of $4.7 million.

The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition of IPR&D. Total consideration in the acquisition was $4.7 million, consisting of cash consideration of $4.5 million and transaction expenses of $0.2 million. In addition to the purchase price, $1.5 million was deposited in escrow, or the Escrow Deposit, whereby release of the Escrow Deposit is subject to the terms of a promissory note, which provides for the funds to be released in equal installments over a three-year period related to continuing services by former Empirica shareholders who are employed by the Company. In July 2021, the first annual installment of $523 was released from escrow. In June 2022, the second annual installment of $517 was release from escrow. The Escrow Deposit is recognized as an asset and the promissory note is post- acquisition compensation expense, which will be accrued over the term of the promissory note. We recorded $0.6 million compensation in research and development expense for nine months ended September 30, 2022. For further details regarding this acquisition, see Note 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Components of operating results

Collaboration Revenue

We have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products for the foreseeable future. Our revenues to date have been generated through our collaboration, option and license agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. We recognize revenue over the expected performance period under this agreement. We expect that our revenue for the next several years will be derived primarily from this agreement and any additional collaborations that we may enter into in the future. To date, we have not received any royalties under any of our existing collaboration agreements.

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Operating expenses

Research and development

To date, research and development expenses have related primarily to discovery and development of our iPSC cell therapy platform technology and product candidates and acquired in-process research and development. Research and development expenses are recognized as incurred and payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development are recorded as prepaid expenses until the goods or services are received.

Research and development expenses consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, and benefits, stock compensation expense, external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, laboratory supplies, costs to acquire and license technologies facility and other allocated expenses, including rent, depreciation, and allocated overhead costs, and other research and development expenses.

We deploy our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple research and development programs for developing our iPSC cell therapy platforms, identifying and developing product candidates, and establishing manufacturing capabilities. Due to the number of ongoing projects and our ability to use resources across several projects, the vast majority of our research and development costs are not recorded on a program-specific basis. These include costs for personnel, laboratory, and other indirect facility and operating costs.

Research and development activities account for a significant portion of our operating expenses. We anticipate that our research and development expenses will increase for the foreseeable future as we expand our research and development efforts including expanding the capabilities of our iPSC cell therapy platforms, identifying product candidates, progressing preclinical studies and clinical trials, including for our first clinical product candidate CNTY-101, seeking regulatory approval of our product candidates, and incurring costs to acquire and license technologies aligned with our goal of translating iPSCs to therapies. A change in the outcome of any of these variables could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of our product candidates.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits, and non-cash stock-based compensation, for our employees in executive, legal, finance, human resources, information technology, and other administrative functions, legal fees, consulting fees, recruiting costs, and facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses. Legal fees include those related to corporate and patent matters.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase over the foreseeable future to support our continued research and development activities, operations generally, future business development opportunities, consulting fees, as well as due to the increased costs of operating as a public company.

In-process research and development

As a direct result of the execution of the Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, we incurred $10 million in fees to amend the FCDI agreement to gain access to the territory rights of Japan. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.

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Interest expense

Interest expense relates to interest incurred on the Loan Agreement we entered into with Hercules Capital, Inc., or Hercules, in 2020, as well as amortization of the related deferred financing cost. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements.

Other income, net

Interest income, net consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investment balances.

Income taxes

Until February 25, 2021, we were organized as a limited liability company, which is considered a passthrough entity for federal and state income tax purposes. Subsequent to the conversion of the LLC Entity to a C-Corp on February 25, 2021, we have incurred losses and recorded a full valuation allowance on all of our net deferred tax assets. As of September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $59 thousand in provisions for income taxes related to its subsidiary Century Therapeutics Canada ULC in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. There were no provisions or benefit for income taxes in 2021.

Results of operations

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change
		(in thousands)
Collaboration revenue	$	2,224	$	—	$	2,224
Operating expenses:
Research and development		25,898		19,545		6,353
General and administrative		8,064		6,282		1,782
Total operating expenses		33,962		25,827		8,135
Loss from operations		(31,738)		(25,827)		(5,911)
Interest expense		(373)		(322)		(51)
Other income, net		1,387		140		1,247
Provision for income taxes		(25)		—		(25)
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(4,740)

Collaboration revenue

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized revenue of $2.2 million under our collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. There was no collaboration revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

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Research and development expenses

The following table summarizes the components of our research and development expenses for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change
		(in thousands)
Personnel and related costs	$	11,205	$	6,022	$	5,183
Facility and other allocated costs		5,272		2,082		3,190
Research and laboratory		8,236		6,286		1,950
Collaborations		388		3,803		(3,415)
Consulting		503		899		(396)
Other		294		453		(159)
Total research and development expense	$	25,898	$	19,545	$	6,353

Research and development expenses were $25.9 million and $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The increase of $6.4 million was primarily due to:

● an increase in personnel-related expenses of $5.2 million, including an increase of stock-based compensation of $0.6 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount to expand our research and development capabilities;

● an increase of $3.2 million of facility and other allocated costs, including rent and allocated overhead costs as a result of an expansion of our geographic footprint for office and lab space;

● an increase of $2.0 million in research and laboratory costs, including laboratory supplies, preclinical studies, and other external research expenses;

● a decrease of $3.4 million related to our collaboration with FCDI. The decline was due to less in process development work in 2022 as the scope of work with FCDI has narrowed down to primarily manufacturing CNTY-101 clinical supply for us.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $6.3 million for three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase of $1.8 million was primarily due to increased personnel-related expenses of $1.0 million, and an increase of stock-based compensation of $0.6 million and other expenses of $0.5 million, primarily attributable to an increase in headcount to build our infrastructure, increased information technology and facility costs, including rent, of $0.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in directors’ and officers’ insurance expense of $0.2 million, and decrease in professional fees of $0.6 million.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which related to our Loan Agreement with Hercules.

Other income, net

Other income, net consisted of interest income was $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $140 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2021, which included interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances.

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Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Collaboration revenue	$	4,678	$	—	$	4,678
Operating expenses:
Research and development		71,588		53,852		17,736
General and administrative		23,615		13,058		10,557
Write off of in-process research and development asset		10,000		—		10,000
Total operating expenses		105,203		66,910		38,293
Loss from operations		(100,525)		(66,910)		(33,615)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(1,017)		(954)		(63)
Other income, net		2,351		234		2,117
Total other income (expense)		1,334		(720)		2,054
Loss before provision for income taxes		(99,191)		(67,630)		(31,561)
Provision for income taxes		(59)		—		(59)
Net loss	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)	$	(31,620)

Collaboration revenue

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized revenue of $4.7 million under our collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. There was no collaboration revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Research and development expenses

The following table summarizes the components of our research and development expenses for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change
		(in thousands)
Personnel and related costs	$	31,842	$	16,963	$	14,879
Facility and other allocated costs		11,170		6,199		4,971
Research and laboratory		20,341		16,045		4,296
Collaborations		5,343		10,966		(5,623)
Consulting		2,239		2,119		120
Other		653		1,560		(907)
Total research and development expense	$	71,588	$	53,852	$	17,736

Research and development expenses were $71.6 million and $53.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The increase of $17.7 million was primarily due to:

● an increase in personnel-related expenses of $14.9 million, including an increase of stock-based compensation of $1.4 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount to expand our research and development capabilities;

● an increase of $5.0 million of facility and other allocated costs, including rent and allocated overhead costs as a result of an expansion of our geographic footprint for office and lab space;

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● an increase of $4.3 million in research and laboratory costs, including laboratory supplies, preclinical studies, and other external research expenses;

● a decrease of $5.6 million related to our collaboration with FCDI. The decline was due to less in process development work in 2022 as the scope of work with FCDI has narrowed down to primarily manufacturing CNTY-101 clinical supply for us.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $13.1 million for nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase of $10.6 million was primarily due to increased personnel-related expenses of $3.3 million, and an increase of stock-based compensation of $2.3 million, primarily attributable to an increase in headcount to build our infrastructure, increased directors’ and officers’ insurance expense of $1.0 million, and increased professional fees of $0.2 million relating to accounting, audit and legal services as well as costs associated with ongoing business activities and operating as a public company, and increased information technology and facility costs, including rent, of $2.2 million.

In-process research and development

In-process research and development expenses was $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As a direct result of the execution of the Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Company incurred $10 million in fees to amend the FCDI agreement to gain access to the territory rights of Japan. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements. There was no in-process research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, which related to our Loan Agreement with Hercules.

Other income, net

Other income, net consisted of interest income was $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $94 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which included interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances.

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Liquidity, capital resources, and capital requirements

Sources of liquidity

To date, we have funded our operations from the issuance and sale of our equity securities, debt financing and collaboration revenues. Since our inception, we have raised approximately $591 million in net proceeds from the sales of our equity securities. As of September 30, 2022, we had cash, and cash equivalents of $111.4 million and investments of $283.9 million. Based on our research and development plans, we believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures requirements into 2025. Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. We have not yet commercialized any products and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any product candidates for a number of years, if ever. We had an accumulated deficit of $487.4 million as of September 30, 2022. As further described in Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements, we obtained a cash capital commitment from Bayer totaling $215 million, from which net proceeds of $74.8 million were received in June 2019, $38.1 million were received in November 2020 and $31.9 million were received in January 2021. The commitment agreement terminated in connection with the Series C Financing, and Bayer has no continuing obligation to invest any additional amounts thereunder. As further described in Note 9 of our consolidated financial statements, we entered into a Loan Agreement with Hercules, pursuant to which net proceeds of $9.6 million were received by us in September 2020. As further described in Note 10 of our consolidated financial statements, in February 2021, we sold 24,721,999 shares of our Series C preferred stock to certain institutional investors for net proceeds of approximately $159.6 million. Upon the closing of our IPO, the Series C preferred stock automatically converted into 9,825,513 shares of common stock. On June 22, 2021, we closed our IPO in which we issued and sold 12,132,500 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $20.00 per share. We received net proceeds of $221.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses. As described in Note 11, in January 2022 we entered into a Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb resulting in an upfront payment of $100 million. In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb also purchased 2,160,760 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $23.14, for an aggregate purchase price of $50 million.

In July 2022, we entered into a Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Cowen and Company, LLC, or Cowen, under which we may offer and sell, from time to time in our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150 million through Cowen as sales agent. No sales have been made under the Sales Agreement since its inception.

Future funding requirements

We expect to incur additional losses in the foreseeable future as we conduct and expand our research and development efforts, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, developing new product candidates, establishing internal and external manufacturing capabilities, and funding our operations generally. We anticipate that we will need to raise additional financing in the future to fund our operations, including the commercialization of any approved product candidates. We are subject to the risks typically related to the development of new products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

● the scope, timing, progress, costs, and results of discovery, preclinical development, and clinical trials for our current and future product candidates;

● the number of clinical trials required for regulatory approval of our current and future product candidates;

● the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory review of any of our current and future product candidates;

● the cost of manufacturing clinical and commercial supplies of our current and future product candidates;

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● the costs and timing of future commercialization activities, including manufacturing, marketing, sales, and distribution, for any of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

● the costs and timing of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, obtaining, maintaining, protecting, and enforcing our intellectual property rights, and defending any intellectual property-related claims, including any claims by third parties that we are infringing upon, misappropriating, or violating their intellectual property rights;

● our ability to maintain existing, and establish new, strategic collaborations, licensing, or other arrangements and the financial terms of any such agreements, including the timing and amount of any future milestone, royalty, or other payments due under any such agreement;

● the revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

● expenses to attract, hire and retain, skilled personnel;

● the costs of operating as a public company;

● our ability to establish a commercially viable pricing structure and obtain approval for coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party and government payors;

● addressing any potential interruptions or delays resulting from factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants of COVID-19;

● the effect of competing technological and market developments; and

● the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products, and technologies.

Until and unless we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through the proceeds from a combination of equity offerings and debt financings, and potentially through additional license and development agreements or strategic partnerships or collaborations with third parties. Financing may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. In addition, market volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures, political unrest and hostilities, war or other factors could adversely impact our ability to access capital as and when needed. We have no commitments for any additional financing and will likely be required to raise such financing through the sale of additional securities, which, in the case of equity securities, may occur at prices lower than the offering price of our common stock. If we sell equity or equity-linked securities, our current stockholders, may be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that are senior to or otherwise adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. Moreover, if we issue debt, we may need to dedicate a substantial portion of our operating cash flow to paying principal and interest on such debt and we may need to comply with operating restrictions, such as limitations on incurring additional debt, which could impair our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights which could impede our ability to conduct our business.

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Cash flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Nine months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	36,959	$	(64,651)
Investing activities		(8,855)		(277,736)
Financing activities		27,063		417,668
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	55,167	$	75,281

Operating activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $36.9 million and ($64.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted primarily of our deferred revenue of $118.5 million from our collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, and non-cash charges of $14.8 million. The non-cash charges of $14.8 million consisted primarily of $5.6 million for depreciation expense, non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $7.9 million, and non-cash operating lease expense of $1.1 million. This increase was partially offset by our net loss of $99.3 million and net cash outflows from decreases in our accounts payable of $3.2 million.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted primarily of our net loss of $67.6 million and net cash outflows from decreases in our accounts payable of $4.1 million, increases in our prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.0 million, partially offset by increases in our accrued expenses and other liabilities of $2.7 million, and non-cash charges of $6.6 million. The non-cash charges of $6.6 million consisted primarily of $2.7 million for depreciation expense, non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3.0 million, and non-cash operating lease expense of $0.7 million.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $8.8 million and $277.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment of $24.3 million, partially offset by the net sale of fixed maturity securities of $15.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted primarily of net purchases of fixed maturity securities of $249.5 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $28.2 million.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $27.1 million, and $417.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of net proceeds of $26.8 million from Bristol-Myers Squibb for the purchase of our common stock, and cash of $0.3 million from issuance of our common stock from equity incentive plans pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options.

Cash provided by financing activities was $417.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and consisted primarily of net proceeds from initial public offering of $221.4 million, net proceeds from collection of subscription receivable of $31.9 million and from sale of our Series C preferred shares of $159.6 million which upon initial public offering were converted to common stock, and cash of $2.3 million resulting from Prior Century merging with and into us.

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Contractual obligations and commitments

The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2022:

	Payments Due by Period
	1 Year		1 to 3 Years		3 to 5 Years		More than 5 Years		Total
	(in thousands)
Operating leases	$	828	$	13,760	$	17,525	$	63,063	$	95,176
Long-term debt		4,036		6,359		—		—		10,395
Interest on long-term debt (1)		524		923		—		—		1,447

(1) Reflects minimum interest payable under the Loan Agreement. Payment herein subject to variable rate debt have been estimated.

Other than as disclosed in the table above, the payment obligations under our license, collaboration, and acquisition agreements as of September 30, 2022 are contingent upon future events such as our achievement of pre- specified development, regulatory, and commercial milestones, or royalties on net product sales. As of September 30, 2022, the timing and likelihood of achieving the milestones and success payments and generating future product sales are uncertain and therefore, any related payments are not included in the table above. We have commitments under operating leases for certain facilities used in our operations.

We also enter into agreements in the normal course of business for sponsored research, preclinical studies, contract manufacturing, and other services and products for operating purposes, which are generally cancelable upon written notice. These obligations and commitments are not included in the table above. See Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We have entered into a $10.0 million Term Loan Agreement with Hercules. Amounts borrowed under the Loan Agreement have an interest-only period of up to 24 months and a maturity date of April 1, 2024. See Note 9 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under the rules and regulations of the SEC.

JOBS Act accounting election

As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As such, we may take advantage of reduced disclosure and other requirements otherwise generally applicable to public companies, including:

● not being required to have our registered independent public accounting firm attest to management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting;

● presenting reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;

● an exemption from compliance with any requirement that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board may adopt regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;

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● not being required to hold non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and

● extended transition periods for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period to enable us to comply with new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards at the time private companies adopt the new or revised accounting standard and will do so until such time that we either (i) irrevocably elect to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualify as an emerging growth company.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) December 31, 2026, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (iii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million and our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates

Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of our critical accounting policies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 17, 2022, except as noted below.

Collaboration Revenue

We may enter into collaboration and licensing agreements with strategic partners for research and development, manufacturing, and commercialization of its product candidates. Payments under these arrangements may include non-refundable, upfront fees; reimbursement of certain costs; customer option fees for additional goods or services; payments upon the achievement of development, regulatory, and commercial milestones; sales of product at certain agreed-upon amounts; and royalties on product sales.

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. This standard applies to all contracts with customers. When an agreement falls under the scope of other

49

standards, such as ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, we will apply the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure guidance in ASC 606 to the performance obligations in the agreements if those performance obligations are with a customer. Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue on the statements of operations.

Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under a collaboration agreement, we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, we must use its judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract for the allocation of transaction price. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues and costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of regulatory and commercial success. We also apply significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, non-current.

If an arrangement is determined to contain customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, the goods and services underlying the customer options are not considered to be performance obligations at the outset of the arrangement, as they are contingent upon option exercise. We evaluate the customer options for material rights or options to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. If the customer options are not determined to represent a material right, no transaction price is allocated to these options and we will account for these options at that time they are exercised. If the customer options are determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement.

The promises under our collaboration agreements may include research and development services to be performed by us for or on behalf of the customer. Amounts allocated to these performance obligations are recognized as we perform these obligations, and revenue is measures based on an inputs method of costs incurred to date of budgeted costs. Under certain circumstances, we may be reimbursed for certain expenses incurred under the research and development services.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of us or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we reevaluate the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the statements of operations in the period of adjustment.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate sensitivities. We do not currently have any material exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and do not engage in any hedging activities as part of our normal course of business.

Interest rate risk

We had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $111.4 million as of September 30, 2022, which consisted of bank deposits and money market funds. We also had investments of $283.9 million as of September 30, 2022. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, because of the low risk profile of the instruments in our portfolio, a change in market interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial condition and/or results of operations. Additionally, we had the $10.0 million borrowing related to the Loan Agreement in September 2020 with a floating interest rate per annum (based on a year of 360 days) equal to (i) the sum of (a) the greater of 6.30% plus (b) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue, or (ii) 9.55%. We are therefore exposed to changes in variable United States interest rates on borrowings under our Loan Agreement. A hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would not result in a material impact to our business.

Effects of Inflation

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and laboratory consumables. We believe that inflation has not had a material effect on our financial statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosures controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2022. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management determined that, as of September 30, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months then ended that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Our management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds

On June 22, 2021, we completed our IPO. Our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 256648) relating to the IPO was declared effective by the SEC on June 17, 2021. We issued an aggregate of 12,132,500 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.00 per share for aggregate net cash proceeds of $221.4 million, after deducting approximately $17.0 million in underwriting discounts and commissions and approximately $4.0 million in other offering costs. None of the expenses associated with the IPO were paid to directors, officers, persons owning 10% or more of any class of equity securities, or to their associates, or to our affiliates.

The sale and issuance of 12,132,500 shares in the IPO closed on June 22, 2021. J.P. Morgan, BofA Securities, SVB Leerink and Piper Sandler acted as joint book-running managers for the IPO.

There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the IPO from that described in the prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act on June 21, 2021.

Dividends

Our ability to pay cash dividends is currently restricted by the terms of our Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc., as discussed in Note 9 - “Long term debt” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Repurchase of Shares of Company Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number
10.1#	Amendment No. 4 to Master Collaboration Agreement, by and between Century Therapeutics, Inc. and FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., dated July 29, 2022
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	The cover page from Century Therapeutics, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

*

This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

#

Certain information in this document has been excluded pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10). Such excluded information is not material and the registrant customarily and actually treats it as private and confidential.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Century Therapeutics, Inc.
Date: November 10, 2022	By:	/s/ Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.
		Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 10, 2022	By:	/s/ Michael Diem, M.D.
		Michael Diem, M.D.
		Chief Business Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-10.1

Execution Version

Exhibit 10.1

[***] Certain information in this document has been excluded pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10). Such excluded information is not material and the registrant customarily and actually treats it as private and confidential.

AMENDMENT NO. 4
TO
MASTER COLLABORATION AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO MASTER COLLABORATION AGREEMENT (this “Amendment No. 4”) is made as of July 29, 2022 (the “Amendment No. 4 Signing Date”) by and between CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC. (f/k/a Century Therapeutics, LLC) having a principal place of business at 3675 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA (“Century”) and FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., having a place of business at 525 Science Drive, Madison WI 53711, USA (“FCDI”).  Century and FCDI are each referred to as a “Party” and collectively referred to as the “Parties.”

WHEREAS, Century and FCDI are parties to a certain Master Collaboration Agreement having a Signing Date of October 21, 2019, as amended by Amendment No. 1 having an Amendment No. 1 Signing Date of June 24, 2020, Amendment No. 2 having an Amendment Effective Date of March 23, 2021, and Amendment No. 3 having an Amendment Effective Date of March 29, 2021 (“Amendment No. 3”) (the or this “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Century and FCDI desire to confirm their understanding to clarify or add certain Services and/or Supporting Activities in the Research Plan and to make related adjustments to the Approved Research Budget for such additional Services as well as adjustments to certain cost estimates reflected in the Approved Research Budget effective as of October 1, 2021; Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the terms and conditions of the Agreement, as amended hereby, will govern the Services and Supporting Activities which have been performed between October 1, 2021 (the “Amendment No. 4 Effective Date”) and the Amendment No. 4 Signing Date and the remuneration payable to FCDI for such Services;

WHEREAS, Century and FCDI desire to amend the Agreement as set forth herein; and

WHEREAS, Century and FCDI also desire to hereby confirm their understanding that, by email message from Century (Andrew Pike) to FCDI (Margaret Phillips) sent on June 1, 2022, Century thereby gave FCDI written notice of Century’s cancellation of the GMP Manufacturing Suite reserved for Century as contemplated in the Research Plan as attached as Exhibit A-1 to this Amendment No. 4.

THEREFORE, the Parties agree as follows:

Article 1.AMENDMENTS

1.1 Amendment of Research Plan.  The Research Plan as attached to the Agreement for the period commencing on the Amendment No. 4 Effective Date and ending September 30, 2025 hereby is amended to include, as part of the Research Plan set forth in Exhibit A-1, the Research Plan as attached as Appendix 1 to Exhibit A-1 to this Amendment No. 4.  The Parties acknowledge and agree that portion of the Research Plan as attached as Appendix 1 to Exhibit A-1 to this Amendment No. 4 reflects the Parties’ agreement, with respect to the Services and Supporting Activities not yet performed as of the Amendment No. 4 Effective Date, to amend the Research Plan set forth in Exhibit A-1 to provide for certain clarification or detailing of Services and/or Supporting Activities, or (as expressly indicated in such Appendix 1 to Exhibit A-1) for certain Services and/or Supporting Activities in addition to those, as set forth in the Research Plan set forth in Exhibit A-1.  References in the Research Plan as attached as Exhibit A-1 to this Amendment No. 4 to “CTx” shall mean Century.

Confidential 1/2 MSA-001-01-A4

Execution Version

1.2 Amendment of Approved Research Budget.  The Approved Research Budget as attached to the Agreement for the period commencing October 1, 2021 and ending June 30, 2023¹ hereby is extended to end September 30, 2025 and amended to include, as part of the Approved Research Budget set forth in Exhibit C-1, the Approved Research Budget as attached as Appendix 1 to Exhibit C-1 to this Amendment No. 4.

1.3 Amendment of Section 3.2.  Section 3.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting at the end of such section the following:

(v) Certain Century Licensed Technology.  Century represents and warrants to FCDI that [***].

Article 2.MISCELLANEOUS

2.1 Capitalized Terms.  Capitalized terms used, but not otherwise defined herein, shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Agreement.

2.2 No Other Amendments.  Except as expressly set forth in this Amendment No. 4, all of the terms and conditions of the Agreement shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect.

2.3 Counterparts and Signatures.  This Amendment No. 4 may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.  Signatures to this Amendment No. 4 transmitted by facsimile transmission, by electronic mail in “portable document format” (“.pdf”) form, or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the originals graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, shall have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing the original signatures, and shall be deemed original signatures by both Parties.

[remainder of page intentionally left blank]

¹ The subheading in Exhibit C-1 in Amendment No. 3 has a typographical error; i.e., “(August 1, 2020 through June 30, 2022)” should instead be “(August 1, 2020 through June 30, 2023)”.

Confidential 2/2 MSA-001-01-A4

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Amendment No. 4 as of the Amendment No. 4 Signing Date.

CENTURY THERAPEUTICS, INC.	FUJIFILM CELLULAR DYNAMICS, INC.
By: /s/ Michael Diem, M.D.	By: /s/ Tomoyuki Hasegawa
Name: Michael Diem, M.D.	Name: Tomoyuki Hasegawa
Title:   Chief Business Officer	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Appendix 1 to Exhibit A-1 Research Plan

[***]

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Osvaldo Flores, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report of Century Therapeutics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.

Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael Diem, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report of Century Therapeutics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Michael Diem, M.D.

Michael Diem, M.D.

Chief Business Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Century Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.

Osvaldo Flores, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Century Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 10, 2022

/s/ Michael Diem, M.D.

Michael Diem, M.D.

Chief Business Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 04, 2022
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40498
Entity Registrant Name	Century Therapeutics, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-2040295
Entity Address State Or Province	PA
Entity Address, Address Line One	3675 Market Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Philadelphia
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	19104
City Area Code	267
Local Phone Number	817-5790
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	IPSC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		58,974,247
Entity Central Index Key	0001850119
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 111,350	$ 56,445
Short-term investments	244,509	166,434
Escrow deposits, current	346	502
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,436	4,773
Total current assets	361,641	228,154
Property and equipment, net	77,938	57,967
Operating lease right-of-use assets	29,488	11,854
Restricted cash	1,979	1,717
Escrow deposits, non-current		220
Long-term investments	39,427	135,914
Security deposits	1,278	1,549
Total assets	511,751	437,375
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	5,685	7,596
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	8,755	6,040
Deposit liability	860	980
Long-term debt, current	4,036	1,039
Deferred revenue, current	7,571
Total current liabilities	26,907	15,655
Operating lease liability, long term	36,594	14,559
Deposit liability, non-current	971	2,020
Deferred revenue, non-current	110,938
Long-term debt, net	6,136	8,903
Total liabilities	181,546	41,137
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 58,184,655 and 55,005,523 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	6	5
Additional paid-in capital	821,219	785,049
Accumulated deficit	(487,416)	(388,166)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,604)	(650)
Total stockholders' equity	330,205	396,238
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 511,751	$ 437,375

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	58,184,655	55,005,523
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Collaboration revenue	$ 2,224		$ 4,678
Operating expenses
Research and development	25,898	$ 19,545	71,588	$ 53,852
General and administrative	8,064	6,282	23,615	13,058
In-process research and development			10,000
Total operating expenses	33,962	25,827	105,203	66,910
Loss from operations	(31,738)	(25,827)	(100,525)	(66,910)
Interest expense	(373)	(322)	(1,017)	(954)
Other income, net	1,387	140	2,351	234
Total other income (expense)	1,014	(182)	1,334	(720)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(30,724)	(26,009)	(99,191)	(67,630)
Provision for income taxes	(25)		(59)
Net loss	$ (30,749)	$ (26,009)	$ (99,250)	$ (67,630)
Net loss per common share Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.53)	$ (0.48)	$ (1.72)	$ (2.72)
Net loss per common share Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.53)	$ (0.48)	$ (1.72)	$ (2.72)
Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic (in shares)	57,973,541	54,472,650	57,573,406	24,838,250
Weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted (in shares)	57,973,541	54,472,650	57,573,406	24,838,250
Other comprehensive loss
Net loss	$ (30,749)	$ (26,009)	$ (99,250)	$ (67,630)
Unrealized loss on investments	(165)	(33)	(2,931)	(28)
Foreign currency translation	(5)	(27)	(23)	(32)
Comprehensive loss	$ (30,919)	$ (26,069)	$ (102,204)	$ (67,690)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Series A	Series B	Series C	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Subscription Receivable.	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 34,922	$ 144,839
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	35,000,000	26,143,790
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Series C preferred stock, net			$ 159,628
Issuance of Series C preferred stock, net (in shares)			24,721,999
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 34,922	$ 144,839	$ 159,628
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	35,000,000	26,143,790	24,721,999
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020				$ 1	$ 217,832	$ (31,900)	$ (292,342)	$ (3)	$ (106,412)
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020				7,481,861
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Receipt of subscription receivable						31,900			31,900
Net assets contributed as result of merger					1,061				1,061
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					47				47
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				40,790
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				150,799
Vesting of early exercise stock options					123				123
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				199,083
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								(27)	(27)
Foreign currency translation								4	4
Stock based compensation					95				95
Net loss							(18,348)		(18,348)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021				$ 1	219,158		(310,690)	(26)	(91,557)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021				7,872,533
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 34,922	$ 144,839
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	35,000,000	26,143,790
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020				$ 1	217,832	$ (31,900)	(292,342)	(3)	(106,412)
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020				7,481,861
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments									(28)
Foreign currency translation									(32)
Net loss									(67,630)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021				$ 5	783,018		(359,972)	(63)	422,988
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021				54,641,380
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 34,922	$ 144,839	$ 159,628
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	35,000,000	26,143,790	24,721,999
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2021				$ 1	219,158		(310,690)	(26)	(91,557)
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021				7,872,533
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost				$ 1	221,184				221,185
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost (in shares)				12,132,500
Conversion of convertible preferred stock upon initial public offering	$ (34,922)	$ (144,839)	$ (159,628)	$ 3	339,385				339,388
Conversion of convertible preferred stock upon initial public offering	(35,000,000)	(26,143,790)	(24,721,999)	34,126,528
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					74				74
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				79,796
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				130,463
Vesting of early exercise stock options					46				46
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				62,271
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								32	32
Foreign currency translation								(9)	(9)
Stock based compensation					1,711				1,711
Net loss							(23,273)		(23,273)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2021				$ 5	781,558		(333,963)	(3)	447,597
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021				54,404,091
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost					217				217
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					9				9
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				6,799
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				148,347
Vesting of early exercise stock options					14				14
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				82,143
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								(33)	(33)
Foreign currency translation								(27)	(27)
Stock based compensation					1,220				1,220
Net loss							(26,009)		(26,009)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021				$ 5	783,018		(359,972)	(63)	422,988
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021				54,641,380
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021				$ 5	785,049		(388,166)	(650)	396,238
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				55,005,523
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost				$ 1	26,812				26,813
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance cost (in shares)				2,160,760
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					65				65
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				85,396
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				161,159
Vesting of early exercise stock options					673				673
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				173,192
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								(1,986)	(1,986)
Foreign currency translation								(6)	(6)
Stock based compensation					2,380				2,380
Net loss							(37,512)		(37,512)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022				$ 6	814,979		(425,679)	(2,642)	386,664
Ending Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022				57,586,030
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021				$ 5	785,049		(388,166)	(650)	396,238
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				55,005,523
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments									(2,931)
Foreign currency translation									(23)
Net loss									(99,250)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022				$ 6	821,219		(487,416)	(3,604)	330,205
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022				58,184,655
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022				$ 6	814,979		(425,679)	(2,642)	386,664
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022				57,586,030
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					47				47
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				31,381
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				136,425
Vesting of early exercise stock options					250				250
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				104,085
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								(780)	(780)
Foreign currency translation								(12)	(12)
Stock based compensation					2,771				2,771
Net loss							(30,988)		(30,988)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022				$ 6	818,047		(456,667)	(3,434)	357,952
Ending Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022				57,857,921
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options					138				138
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options (in shares)				86,224
Vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				136,425
Vesting of early exercise stock options					248				248
Vesting of early exercise stock options (in shares)				104,085
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments								(165)	(165)
Foreign currency translation								(5)	(5)
Stock based compensation					2,786				2,786
Net loss							(30,749)		(30,749)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022				$ 6	$ 821,219		$ (487,416)	$ (3,604)	$ 330,205
Ending Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022				58,184,655

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (99,250)	$ (67,630)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	5,602	2,697
Amortization of deferred financing cost	230	229
Non-cash operating lease expense	1,086	650
Stock based compensation	7,937	3,026
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Escrow deposit	376	658
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(395)	(2,995)
Operating lease liability	3,194	176
Deferred revenue	118,509
Accounts payable	(3,155)	(4,140)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,825	2,678
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	36,959	(64,651)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	(24,336)	(28,249)
Acquisition of fixed maturity securities, available for sale	(203,663)	(288,146)
Sale of fixed maturity securities, available for sale	219,144	38,659
Net cash used in investing activities	(8,855)	(277,736)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions		221,402
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	250	130
Proceeds from early exercises of common stock options		2,282
Proceeds from subscription receivable		31,900
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of issuance costs		159,628
Cash contributed as a result of merger		2,326
Proceeds from sale of common stock to collaboration partner	26,813
Net cash provided by financing activities	27,063	417,668
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	55,167	75,281
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	58,162	27,728
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	113,329	103,009
Supplemental disclosure of cash and non-cash operating activities:
Cash paid for interest	778	727
Release of escrow deposit	520	523
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of convertible preferred stock upon initial public offering		339,388
Purchase of property and equipment, accrued and unpaid	$ 1,238	$ 7,700

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Organization and description of the business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization and description of the business

Organization and description of the business

Note 1—Organization and description of the business

The Company (as defined below) is an innovative biotechnology company developing transformative allogeneic cell therapies to create products for the treatment of both solid tumor and hematological malignancies with significant unmet medical need. Century Therapeutics, Inc. (“Prior Century”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 5, 2018. Since inception, Prior Century has devoted substantially all of its time and efforts to performing research and development activities and raising capital.

On June 5, 2019, Century Therapeutics, LLC (the “Company”) was formed by Prior Century and entered into an LLC Agreement (“Agreement”). On June 21, 2019, Prior Century, through the execution of a commitment agreement and other transaction documents (altogether the “Commitment Agreement”) with Bayer Health, LLC (“Bayer”), financed the creation of the Company and amended the Agreement to account for the provisions in the Commitment Agreement that outlined the rights, obligations, and capital contributions of both Bayer and Prior Century in accordance with the newly executed and amended Agreement and related Commitment Agreement (the “Transaction”). The Transaction resulted in Prior Century contributing substantially all of its assets, liabilities, and operations in exchange for a retained 72% equity interest in the Company. Subsequent to June 21, 2019, Prior Century had no significant operations and accounted for its interest in the Company under the equity method of accounting.

In June 2020, the Company formed Century Therapeutics Canada ULC (“Century Canada”), a wholly owned subsidiary, to acquire the assets of Empirica Therapeutics, Inc. (“Empirica”).

On February 25, 2021, the Company converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, and changed its name to “CenturyTx, Inc.” Upon completion of this conversion, Prior Century merged with and into CenturyTx, Inc., with CenturyTx, Inc. as the surviving entity and CenturyTx, Inc. changed its name to “Century Therapeutics, Inc.” In connection with this merger, the holders of equity interests in Prior Century received equivalent equity interests in Century Therapeutics, Inc.

On June 22, 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 10,550,000 shares of Common Stock. On June 22, 2021, the Company sold an additional 1,582,500 shares of Common Stock from the exercise of the overallotment option granted to the underwriters in the IPO. The public offering price of the shares sold in the IPO was $20.00 per share. The Company raised a total of $242,650 in gross proceeds from the offering, or $221,402 in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $16,985 and other offering costs of approximately $4,263. Upon the closing of the offering, all shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 34,126,528 shares of common stock.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations of the Company and Century Canada. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has limited operating history and its prospects are subject to risks, expenses, and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in the biotechnology and

pharmaceutical industries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the uncertainty of availability of additional financing and the uncertainty of achieving future profitability.

Since inception, the Company has incurred net losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $30,749 and $99,250, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company generated $36,959 of cash from operations. Cash and cash equivalents and investments were $395,286 at September 30, 2022. Management expects to incur additional losses in the future to fund its operations and conduct product research and development and recognizes the need to raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan. The Company believes it has adequate cash and financial resources to operate for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Note 2—Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the interim period reporting requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and consolidated statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.  The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other subsequent interim period.  The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Merger and capital restructuring

Upon the conversion of Century Therapeutics, LLC to a corporation and the merger of the newly converted corporation with Prior Century, the existing capital structure of Century Therapeutics, LLC was restructured with no consideration transferred. In accordance with ASC 505-10-S99-4, such a restructuring requires retroactive effect within the balance sheets presented. As such, the Company retroactively adjusted its consolidated balance sheets to cancel the existing LLC units and give effect to their conversion into capital stock of the Company as if those effects happened as of January 1, 2020. See Note 10 for further information on the Company’s capital restructuring.

Reverse Stock Split

In June 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a 2.5161-for-1 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, which was effected on June 11, 2021. The par value of the common stock was not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. Shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options and other equity instruments were proportionately reduced and the respective exercise prices, if applicable, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of the appropriate securities agreements. Shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the conversion of the convertible preferred stock were proportionately reduced and the respective conversion prices were proportionately increased. All common share and per share data have been retrospectively revised to reflect the reverse stock split.

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions on how to

allocate resources and assess performance. The Company views its operations and manages the business as one operating segment.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are primarily made in relation to the valuations supporting stock compensation, the estimation of the incremental borrowing rate for operating leases and standalone selling prices of performance obligations in collaboration agreements. If actual results differ from the Company’s estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the Company’s results of operations could either benefit from, or be adversely affected by, any such change in estimate.

Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury bills and bonds, as well as corporate bonds. Cash and cash equivalents, as well as short and long-term investments include a checking account and asset management accounts held by a limited number of financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, uncertainty of market acceptance of its products, competition from substitute products and larger companies, protection of proprietary technology, strategic relationships, and dependence on key individuals.

Products developed by the Company require clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance the Company’s future products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company was denied clearance, clearance was delayed, or if the Company was unable to maintain clearance, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern,” which continues to spread throughout the world and has adversely impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets. Although many countries have re-opened, rises in new cases, including as the result of newly identified COVID-19 variants, have caused certain countries, states, and localities to re-initiate restrictions. Vaccines were introduced late in the fourth quarter of 2020 and became widely available by the end of the first quarter of 2021. While the vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 including the variants that have evolved to date, the overall vaccination rate in the United States may not have reached the level required for herd immunity. Certain variants of COVID-19 have proven to be more easily spread than earlier variants. The incomplete vaccination rate, and the emergence of new variants which could prove resistant to existing vaccines could again result in major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak closely. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact its operations or financial results is uncertain.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction

between market participants at the reporting date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 Inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including inputs in markets that are not considered to be active;

Level 3 Inputs are unobservable in which there is little or no market data available, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions that are unobservable.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

Management considers all highly liquid investments with an insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $1,979 and $1,717, respectively, in cash on deposit to secure certain lease commitments. Restricted cash is recorded separately in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The following provides a reconciliation of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,350	$	56,445
Restricted cash		1,979		1,717
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	113,329	$	58,162

Investments

The Company invests in fixed maturity securities including U.S. Treasury bills and bonds as well as corporate bonds. The investments are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are determined by comparing the fair market value of the securities with their cost or amortized cost. Realized gains and losses on investments are recorded on the trade date and are included in the statement of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specified identification method. Investment income is recognized as earned and discounts or premiums arising from the purchase of debt securities are recognized in investment income using the interest method over the remaining term of the security. Securities with an original maturity date greater than three months that mature within one year of the balance sheet date are classified as short-term, while investments with a maturity date greater than one year are classified as long-term.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease. Construction in progress includes direct cost related to the construction of leasehold improvements and is stated at original cost. Such costs are not depreciated until the asset is completed and placed into service. Once the asset is placed into service, these capitalized costs will be allocated to leasehold improvements and will be depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease.

Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, with any resulting gain or loss recognized concurrently.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, stock compensation, materials, supplies, rent, depreciation on and maintenance of research equipment with alternative future use, and the cost of services provided by outside contractors. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation

Employees, consultants and members of the board of directors of the Company have received stock options and restricted stock of the Company. The Company recognizes the cost of the stock-based compensation incurred as its employees and board members vest in the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“Black Scholes”) to determine the fair value of options granted. The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based vesting conditions and performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable.

Black-Scholes requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (i) the expected stock price volatility, (ii) the expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) expected dividends. Due to the lack of a public market for the Company’s common stock prior to its IPO and lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company based its computation of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a representative group of public companies with similar characteristics to the Company, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with expected term assumption. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees and board members whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the options due to its lack of sufficient historical data. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to pay any dividends on its common stock. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Warrants

The Company has issued warrants that have been recognized as equity, and the fair value is recorded into additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Warrants are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. The Company’s warrants issued are in connection with its long-term debt and in connection with services provided by consultants, and are equity classified on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Equity classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date, using Black Scholes, with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.

Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Century Canada is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities of Century Canada are translated into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates at the end of each reporting period. Expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period. Gains and losses arising from the translation of assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss or income on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are reflected within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has not utilized any foreign currency hedging strategies to mitigate the effect of its foreign currency exposure.

Intercompany payables and receivables are considered to be long-term in nature and any change in balance due to foreign currency fluctuation is included as a component of the Company’s consolidated comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive loss within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Basic and diluted net loss per common shares

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per common share by dividing the net loss applicable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted- average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effects of its warrants, restricted stock and stock options to purchase common shares, but such items are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Because the impact of these items are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there were no differences between the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Early exercised options

The Company allowed certain of its employees and its consultants to exercise options granted under the 2018 Plan (Note 17) prior to vesting and prior to its IPO. The shares related to early exercised stock options are subject to the Company’s repurchase right upon termination of employment or services at the lesser of the original purchase price or fair market value at the time of repurchase. In order to vest, the holders are required to provide continued service to the Company. The early exercise by an employee or consultant of a stock option is not considered to be a substantive exercise for accounting purposes, and therefore, the payment received by the employer for the exercise price is recognized as a liability. For accounting purposes, unvested early exercised shares are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The deposits received are initially recorded in deposit liability. The liabilities are reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in-capital as the repurchase right lapses. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $1,831 and $3,000, respectively, recorded in deposit liability related to shares held by employees and nonemployees that were subject to repurchase.

All shares that were early exercised by the executives of the Company are considered legally issued, however, for accounting purposes, only vested shares are considered issued. Below is a reconciliation of shares issued and outstanding:

	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Total shares legally outstanding	58,997,659	56,633,898
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Less: unvested restricted stock	(247,780)	(681,789)
Total shares issued and outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

Restricted stock

In 2018, the Company issued 1,704,256 restricted stock awards at a purchase price of $0.03 per share. In 2019, the Company issued 850,312 restricted stock awards at a weighted average purchase price of $0.70 per share. In October 2019, the Company repurchased 298,080 shares at $1.03 per share. In 2021, the Company issued 194,320 restricted stock awards. As of September 30, 2022, the number of restricted stock awards vested were 2,203,028. For accounting purposes, unvested restricted stock awards are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore are not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $246 and $735, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $567 and $695, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no accrued interest or penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheet.

Collaboration revenue

The Company may enter into collaboration and licensing agreements with strategic partners for research and development, manufacturing, and commercialization of its product candidates. Payments under these arrangements may include non-refundable, upfront fees; reimbursement of certain costs; customer option

fees for additional goods or services; payments upon the achievement of development, regulatory, and commercial milestones; sales of product at certain agreed-upon amounts; and royalties on product sales.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. This standard applies to all contracts with customers. When an agreement falls under the scope of other standards, such as ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, the Company will apply the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure guidance in ASC 606 to the performance obligations in the agreements if those performance obligations are with a customer. Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue on the statements of operations.

Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under a collaboration agreement, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must use its judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract for the allocation of transaction price. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues and costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of regulatory and commercial success. The Company also applies significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, non-current.

If an arrangement is determined to contain customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, the goods and services underlying the customer options are not considered to be performance obligations at the outset of the arrangement, as they are contingent upon option exercise. The Company evaluates the customer options for material rights or options to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. If the customer options are not determined to represent a material right, no transaction price is allocated to these options and the Company will account for these options at that time they are exercised. If the customer options are determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement.

The promises under the Company’s collaboration agreements may include research and development services to be performed by the Company for or on behalf of the customer. Amounts allocated to these performance obligations are recognized as the Company performs these obligations, and revenue is measured based on an inputs method of costs incurred to date of budgeted costs. Under certain circumstances, the Company may be reimbursed for certain expenses incurred under the research and development services.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The Company evaluates

factors such as the scientific, clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the statements of operations in the period of adjustment.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (ASC 326). The guidance is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023 and it changes how entities account for credit losses on the financial assets and other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income, including available-for-sale debt securities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

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Initial capitalization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Initial capitalization

Initial capitalization

Note 3—Initial capitalization

On June 21, 2019, Prior Century and Bayer entered into a Commitment Agreement to initially capitalize the Company. The Commitment Agreement called for capital contributions from Prior Century and Bayer as follows:

Century Capital Contributions

In exchange for issuing 67,226,891 common units to Prior Century, the Company acquired substantially all of Prior Century’s assets, assumed all of its liabilities and assumed the operations of Prior Century.

The Company evaluated the acquisition under the guidance within ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” and concluded that the group of assets acquired did not meet the definition of a business, and, as such, the acquisition was accounted for under the asset acquisition model. The definition of a business was not met because substantially all the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in an in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) asset. In an asset acquisition, the total transaction cost is allocated between the acquired identified tangible and intangible assets based on relative fair value.

Total transaction costs for the assets acquired were $252,107, which was the fair value of the equity interests issued to Prior Century, with no additional capitalizable transaction costs. Equity issuance costs related to Prior Century were $407, which were recorded as a reduction to members’ equity. The relative fair value allocation was as follows:

	As of June 21, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,163
IPR&D		225,946
Property and equipment		1,034
Other current assets		578
Other non-current assets		669
Current liabilities		(1,283)
Total	$	252,107

Under the asset acquisition model, an entity that acquires IPR&D assets follows the guidance in ASC 730, which requires that both tangible and intangible identifiable research and development assets with no alternative future use be initially allocated a portion of the consideration transferred and then charged to expense at the acquisition date. The IPR&D asset acquired was Prior Century’s comprehensive allogenic cell therapy platform. As the IPR&D asset has no alternative future use to the Company, the Company charged $225,946 to expense within its consolidated statements of operations in 2019.

Bayer Capital Contributions

In accordance with the Commitment Agreement, Bayer agreed to provide an aggregate cash capital contribution of $215,000. The Bayer cash commitment was split into capital contributions of $145,000 (“Tranche 1”) and $70,000 (“Tranche 2”). Tranche 2 was eliminated in connection with the Series C preferred financing. See Note 10.

Bayer Rights

In connection with the Commitment Agreement, Bayer was granted approval and veto rights over certain decisions related to the operations of the Company through its manager representation on the Company’s Board of Managers. Prior Century held similar rights.

Tranche 1 was funded in exchange for 26,143,790 common units, with $75,000 paid at closing and the remaining $70,000 due upon the Company meeting certain development milestones or in 3 years.

During 2019, the Company received $74,839 from Tranche 1, net of equity issuance costs of $161. The Company accounted for the $70,000 as a subscription receivable, which was recorded as contra-equity within its consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit).

On June 18, 2020, the Company, Prior Century and Bayer executed an amendment to the Commitment Agreement to modify the terms for the Company to receive the remaining Tranche 1 subscription receivable of $70,000. In November 2020, the Company received proceeds of $38,100 of the Tranche 1 subscription receivable. The remaining $31,900 was received in January 2021. The Commitment Agreement terminated in connection with the Series C Preferred financing, and Bayer has no obligation to invest any additional amounts. In addition, upon the closing of the Company’s IPO and the conversion of the Company’s preferred stock into common stock in connection therewith, all approval, veto and representation rights held by Bayer and other holders of preferred stock terminated.

Bayer Option Agreement

As a condition of the Tranche 1 closing, Bayer and Prior Century were required to enter into an Option Agreement, pursuant to which Bayer was provided the right of first refusal to acquire certain products researched and developed by the Company. Bayer’s right of first refusal is exercisable with respect to up to four products. Subject to certain exceptions, Bayer may only exercise these option rights in a non-sequential and alternating manner, and such rights are subject to additional limitations.

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Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC

Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC

Note 4—Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC

On June 9, 2020, Century Canada and the Company entered into an agreement with Empirica, a company focused on the development of adoptive immunotherapies against aggressive and treatment-resistant forms of cancers, including glioblastoma and brain metastasis. Under the terms of the Empirica Agreement, the Company acquired an IPR&D asset. Cash of $4,519 was paid at closing and transaction expenses totaled $203. The Company also deposited $1,506 in escrow (the “Escrow Deposit”). Release of the Escrow Deposit is subject to the terms of a promissory note, which provides for the funds to be released in equal annual installments over a three-year period related to continuing services by certain Empirica shareholders. In July 2021, the first annual installment of $523 was released from the Escrow Deposit. In June 2022, the second annual installment of $517 was released from the Escrow Deposit. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, accrued compensation expense on the promissory note was $120 and $261, which is presented within escrow deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company evaluated the acquisition under the guidance within ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business” and concluded that the group of assets acquired did not meet the definition of a business, and, as such, the acquisition was accounted for under the asset acquisition model. The definition of a business was not met because substantially all the fair value of the asset acquired was concentrated in an IPR&D asset.

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Financial instruments and fair value measurements

Financial instruments and fair value measurements

Note 5—Financial instruments and fair value measurements

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	106,716		—		—	$	106,716
U.S. Treasury		90,016		—		—		90,016
Corporate bonds		—		193,920		—		193,920
Total	$	196,732	$	193,920	$	—	$	390,652

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of December 31, 2021, by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	52,882		—		—	$	52,882
U.S. Treasury		79,752		—		—		79,752
Corporate bonds		—		222,596		—		222,596
Total	$	132,634	$	222,596	$	—	$	355,230

There were no transfers between levels during the period ended September 30, 2022. The Company uses the services of its investment manager, which uses widely accepted models for assumptions in valuing securities with inputs from major third-party data providers.

The Company classifies all of its investments in fixed maturity debt securities as available-for-sale and, accordingly, are carried at estimated fair value.

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities are as follows as of September 30, 2022:

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	91,913	$	—	$	(1,897)	$	90,016
Corporate bonds		195,548		—		(1,628)		193,920
Total	$	287,461	$	—	$	(3,524)	$	283,936

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of investments in fixed maturity securities are as follows as of December 31, 2021:

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	80,052	$	—	$	(300)	$	79,752
Corporate bonds		222,898		—		(302)		222,596
Total	$	302,950	$	—	$	(602)	$	302,348

The following table provides the maturities of our fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Less than one year	$	244,509	$	166,434
One to five years		39,427		135,914
	$	283,936	$	302,348

The Company has evaluated the unrealized losses on the fixed maturity securities and determined that they are not attributable to credit risk factors. For fixed maturity securities, losses in fair value are viewed as temporary if the fixed maturity security can be held to maturity and it is reasonable to assume that the issuer will be able to service the debt, both as to principal and interest.

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Note 6—Prepaid expenses and other current assets

The following is a summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	354	$	210
Insurance		1,824		1,606
Software licenses		2,611		2,033
Reimbursement receivable		364		250
Warranties		283		424
Other		—		250
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	5,436	$	4,773

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Property and equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net

Note 7—Property and equipment, net

The following is a summary of property and equipment, net:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Lab equipment	$	29,948	$	18,114
Leasehold improvements		47,693		8,365
Construction in progress		6,483		32,836
Computer software and equipment		3,127		2,623
Furniture and fixtures		1,541		1,358
Total		88,792		63,296
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(10,854)		(5,329)
Property and equipment, net	$	77,938	$	57,967

Depreciation expense was $2,774 and $1,044 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation expense was $5,602 and $2,697 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Note 8—Accrued expenses and other liabilities

The following is a summary of accrued expenses:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Payroll and bonuses	$	5,185	$	4,445
Interest		92		82
Professional and legal fees		2,516		796
Operating lease liability, current		505		615
Other		457		102
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	8,755	$	6,040

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Long-term debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Long-term debt

Long-term debt

Note 9—Long-term debt

The following is a summary of the Company’s indebtedness:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Principal	$	10,000	$	10,000
Plus: End of term fee		395		395
Less: Debt discount attributable to warrants, net of accretion		(12)		(25)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing cost and end of term fee, net of accretion		(211)		(428)
Long-term debt, net	$	10,172	$	9,942

On September 14, 2020, the Company entered into a $10,000 Term Loan Agreement (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”). Pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed $10,000 (the “Tranche 1 Advance”) from the lenders at closing. Beginning January 1, 2021 and upon the achievement of certain development milestones and continuing through September 30, 2021 the Company may borrow an additional $10,000 (the “Tranche 2 Advance”). The remaining $10,000 tranche (“Tranche 3 Advance”) is subject to Hercules’ investment committee’s sole discretion.

The Loan Agreement has a four-year term and an interest-only period of up to 30 months. The Company was in compliance with all provisions of the Loan Agreement as of September 30, 2022. Amounts borrowed under the Loan Agreement accrue interest at a floating rate per annum (based on a year of 360 days) equal to (i) the sum of (a) the greater of 6.30% plus (b) the prime rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue or (ii) 9.55%. The interest rate as of September 30, 2022 was 12.55%.

The Company incurred $410 in deferred financing costs. The Company is also required to pay the lenders an end of term fee of 3.95% of loan proceeds upon repayment or prepayment of any loans made under the Loan Agreement. The end of term fee is being recognized as interest expense and accreted over the term of the Loan Agreement using the effective interest method. The Company is also required to pay Hercules a prepayment charge equal to 2.00% of the loan amounts prepaid during the interest-only period and 1.00% thereafter on any loans made under the Loan Agreement.

The Company granted Hercules a lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets, excluding intellectual property.

The Company issued to Hercules warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 16,112 shares of common stock. The warrants are exercisable for a period of ten years from the date of the issuance of each warrant at a per share exercise price equal to $13.96, subject to certain adjustments as specified in the warrants. The fair value of the warrants at issuance was $46. The Company accounted for the warrants as equity, and the fair value is recorded in additional paid-in capital. The warrant value is also recorded as a debt discount and classified as a contra- liability on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized to interest expense. If the Company borrows on the remaining two tranche advances outlined above, the Company will be required to issue warrants to Hercules equal to 2.25% of the aggregate amount funded.

Interest expense of the Loan Agreement is as follows:

	For the Three		For the Three		For the Nine		For the Nine
	Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Interest expense	$	296	$	245	$	787	$	725
Amortization of debt issuance costs, including end of term fee accretion		77		77		230		229
	$	373	$	322	$	1,017	$	954

Included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $92 and $82 of accrued interest, respectively.

Future principal payments due (including the end of term fee) under the Loan Agreement are as follows (in thousands):

	Principal Payments
2023	$	6,544
2024		3,851
Total future payments	$	10,395

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Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

On February 25, 2021, the Company converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, and changed its name to CenturyTx, Inc. Upon completion of this conversion, Prior Century merged with and into CenturyTx, Inc., with CenturyTx, Inc. as the surviving entity and changed its name to “Century Therapeutics, Inc.” In connection with this merger, the holders of equity interests, including Series A Preferred Stock, common stock, restricted common stock and stock options in Prior Century received equivalent equity interests in Century Therapeutics, Inc. Bayer’s common units in the Company were converted into Series B Preferred Stock.

Upon the execution of the preceding conversion on February 25, 2021, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with existing and new investors whereby the Company issued and sold 24,721,999 shares of Series C Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.0001, to investors at a price of $6.472 per shares for gross proceeds of $160,000.

Pursuant to its Amended Articles of Incorporation filed on February 25, 2021, the Company was authorized to issue 125,236,190 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock and 85,865,789 shares of $0.0001 par value Preferred Stock. Of the Preferred Stock, 35,000,000 shares are designated as Series A Preferred Stock, 26,143,790 are designated as Series B Preferred Stock and 24,721,999 are designated as Series C Preferred Stock.

On June 22, 2021 when the Company closed its IPO, all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock were converted into an aggregate of 34,126,528 shares of Common Stock automatically and without any action on the part of the holder thereof. The per share conversion price of each of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock was equal to $1.00, $5.55 and $6.472, respectively. The Company is authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

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Revenue recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

Note 11 – Revenue recognition

On January 7, 2022, the Company entered into the Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb to collaborate on the research, development and commercialization of iNK and iT cell programs for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors (“Collaboration Program,” and each product candidate a “Development Candidate”). The Collaboration Agreement is within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements as both parties are active participants in the arrangement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards. While this arrangement is in the scope of ASC 808, the Company analogizes to ASC 606 for the accounting for the Collaboration Agreement, including for the delivery of goods and services (i.e., units of account). Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue in the statements of operations.

Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, the Company and Bristol-Myers Squibb will initially collaborate on two Collaboration Programs focused on acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”) and multiple myeloma (“MM”), and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to add up to two additional Collaboration Programs for an additional fee. The Company is responsible for generating Development Candidates for each Collaboration Program, and Bristol-Myers Squibb has the option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for pre-clinical development, clinical development and commercialization on a worldwide basis (“License Option”). Following Bristol-Myers Squibb’s exercise of the License Option, the Company will be responsible for performing IND-enabling studies, supporting Bristol-Myers Squibb’s preparation and submission of an IND, and manufacturing of clinical supplies until completion of a proof of concept clinical trial. Bristol-Myers Squibb will be responsible for all regulatory, clinical, manufacturing (after the proof of concept clinical trial) and commercialization activities for such Development Candidates worldwide. The Company has the option to co-promote Development Candidates generated from certain specified Collaboration Programs.

Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb made a non-refundable, upfront cash payment of $100,000 and will pay an exercise fee upon the exercise of the License Option (“Licensed Program” and product candidates developed under a Licensed Program, “Licensed Products”). For each Licensed Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb will pay up to $235,000 in milestone payments upon the first achievement of certain development and regulatory milestones and will pay up to $500,000 per Licensed Product in net sales-based milestone payments. Bristol-Myers Squibb will also pay the Company tiered royalties per Licensed Product as a percentage of net sales in the high-single digits to low-teens, subject to reduction for biosimilar competition, compulsory licensing and certain third party license costs. If Century exercises its co-promote option, such royalty percentage will be increased to low-teens to high-teens in respect of the sales of the co-promoted Licensed Products in the United States. The royalty term shall terminate on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and country-by-country basis on the latest of (i) the twelve (12) year anniversary of the first commercial sale of such Licensed Product in such country, (ii) the expiration of any regulatory exclusivity period that covers such Licensed Product in such country, and (iii) the expiration of the last-to-expire licensed patent of the Company or a jointly owned patent that covers such the Licensed Product in such country. After expiration of the applicable royalty term for a Licensed Product in a country, all licenses granted by the Company to Bristol-Myers Squibb for such Licensed Product in such country will be fully paid-up, royalty- free, perpetual and irrevocable.

In connection with the Collaboration Agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb purchased 2,160,760 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share of $23.14, for an aggregate purchase price of $50,000. In determining the fair value of the common stock issued to Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Company considered the closing price of the common stock on the date of the transaction and included a lack of marketability discount because the shares are subject to certain restrictions. The Company determined the common stock purchase represented a premium of $7.82 per share, or $23,200 in the aggregate (“Equity Premium”), and the remaining $26,800 was recorded as issuance of common stock in stockholders’ equity.

The Company identified the following commitments under the arrangement: (i) research and development services (“R&D Services”) under each of the two initial Collaboration Programs and (ii) Bristol-Myers Squibb’s License Option to elect to exclusively license the Development Candidates for each of the two initial Collaboration Programs. The Company determined that these four commitments represent distinct

performance obligations for purposes of recognizing revenue and will recognize revenue as the Company fulfills each performance obligation.

The Company determined that the upfront payment and Equity Premium constitute the transaction price at the inception of the Collaboration Agreement. The future potential development and regulatory milestone payments were fully constrained at contract inception as the risk of significant revenue reversal related to these amounts has not yet been resolved. The achievement of the future potential milestones is not within the Company’s control and is subject to certain research and development success and therefore carries significant uncertainty. The Company will reevaluate the likelihood of achieving these milestones at the end of each reporting period and adjust the transaction price in the period the risk is resolved. In addition, the Company will recognize any consideration related to sales-based milestones and royalties when the subsequent sales occur.

At September 30, 2022, the total transaction price of $123,187 is allocated to the performance obligations based on their estimated standalone selling price. The stand-alone selling price of the research and development services was estimated using the expected cost-plus margin approach, and the stand-alone selling price of the License Options was based on a discounted cash flow approach and considered several factors including, but not limited to, discount rate, development timeline, regulatory risks, estimated market demand, and future revenue potential using an adjusted market approach. The allocated transaction price is recognized as revenue in one of two ways:

● Research and development services: The Company recognizes the portion of the transaction price allocated to each of the research and development performance obligations as the research and development services are provided, using an inputs method, in proportion to costs incurred to date for each research development target as compared to total costs incurred and expected to be incurred in the future to satisfy the underlying obligation related to each research and development target. The transfer of control occurs over this period and, in management’s judgment, is the best measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation.

● License option rights: The transaction price allocated to the license options rights, which are considered material rights to license and commercialize the underlying research and development target, are deferred until the period that Bristol-Myers Squibb elects to exercise or elects to not exercise its option or when the option to exercise expires.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the total transaction price to the identified performance obligations under the arrangement, and the amount of the transaction price unsatisfied as of September 30, 2022:

Performance obligations:	Transaction price		Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized		Deferred collaboration revenue
Option rights	$	109,045	$	-	$	109,045
Research and development services		14,142		(4,678)		9,464
Total		123,187		(4,678)		118,509
Less current portion of deferred revenue		-		-		(7,571)
Total long-term deferred revenue	$	123,187	$	(4,678)	$	110,938

As a direct result of the execution of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company incurred $10,000 in fees to amend the FCDI agreement to gain access to the territory rights of Japan. This is recorded as in-process research and development expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 12—Commitments and contingencies

From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when future expenditures are probable and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

Distributed Bio Master Service Agreement

On July 24, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Service Agreement with Distributed Bio, Inc (“DBio”), whereby DBio will screen for protein binders that bind to specific therapeutic targets. The Company pays for such services according to a payment schedule, and if the Company brings the protein binders into the clinic for further development, DBio will receive milestone payments of up to $16,100 in total for each product as the products move through the clinical development and regulatory approval processes. No milestone payments were due since the inception of the agreement.

The Company had $36 within accrued expenses and other liabilities as of December 31, 2021, in its consolidated balance sheets related to the Master Service Agreement.

iCELL Inc. Sublicense Agreement

In March 2020, the Company entered into a Sublicense Agreement with iCELL Inc (“iCELL”) whereby iCELL granted the Company a license of certain patents and technology. The Company will pay iCELL royalties in the low single digits on net sales of the licensed product. In addition to the earned royalties, the Company will pay sales milestones, not to exceed $70,000, for the sales of the licensed product. iCELL is also eligible to receive payments of up to $4,250 in development and regulatory approval milestone payments. No milestones or royalties were due in 2022 or 2021.

University of Toronto and McMaster University

In connection with the Empirica asset acquisition in June 2020 (Note 4), the Company acquired a license agreement by and among the Governing Council of the University of Toronto, or the Council, the McMaster University, or, together with the Council, the Toronto Universities, and Empirica (the Empirica License). Under the Empirica License, the Company received an exclusive, non- transferable, sublicensable, worldwide license to certain patents and antibody sequences and related intellectual property rights and know-how.

Pursuant to the Empirica License, the Company is required to make aggregate milestone payments of $18,000 to the Toronto Universities upon the achievement of regulatory approval for certain products developed pursuant to the Empirica License. The Company is also required to make royalty payments to the Toronto Universities in an amount equal to a low single-digit percentage of annual net sales of any product commercialized utilizing technology licensed. The Company is also required to pay the Toronto Institutions 50% of all non-royalty payments from sublicenses up to certain maximum amounts and 50% of royalty payments from sublicenses up to a maximum low single-digit percentage.

The Empirica License expires upon the expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim covering the antibody and antibody-derived technology licensed under the agreement, which, if issued, is expected to expire in 2037. The Toronto Universities may immediately terminate the agreement upon certain insolvency events and the Company may terminate the agreement for convenience upon 30 days’ written notice.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases

Leases

Note 13—Leases

The Company has commitments under operating leases for certain facilities used in its operations. The Company maintains security deposits on certain leases in the amounts of $1,278 and $1,549 within security deposits in its consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company’s leases have initial lease terms ranging from 5 to 16 years. Certain lease agreements contain provisions for future rent increases.

The following table reflects the components of lease expense:

	For the		For the		For the		For the
	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Operating lease expense:
Fixed lease cost	$	1,795	$	597	$	3,298	$	1,659
Variable lease cost		303		119		840		557
Short term lease expense		602		653		1,971		1,963
Total operating lease expense	$	2,700	$	1,369	$	6,109	$	4,179

The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:

		As of		As of
		September 30,		December 31,
	Location in Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	29,488	$	11,854
Operating lease liability, current	Accrued expenses and other liabilities		505		615
Operating lease liability, long-term	Operating lease liability, long-term		36,594		14,559
Total operating lease liability		$	37,099	$	15,174

The following table reflects supplement lease term and discount rate information related to leases:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms - operating leases	9.63 years		7.99 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	9.0	%	9.0	%

The following table reflects supplemental cash flow information related to leases as of the periods indicated:

	For the Nine Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	3,560	$	176
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	$	18,740	$	3,295

The following table reflects future minimum lease payments under noncancelable leases as of September 30, 2022:

	Operating Leases
2022	$	828
2023		5,239
2024		8,521
2025		8,692
2026		8,833
Thereafter		63,063
Total lease payments		95,176
Less: Imputed interest		(49,792)
Less: Tenant incentive receivable		(8,285)
Total	$	37,099

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Income taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income taxes

Income taxes

Note 14—Income taxes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded no income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred or for the research and development tax credits generated in the U.S. due to its uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a tax provision of less than $100, related to its income tax obligations of its operating company in Canada.

The Company’s tax provision and the resulting effective tax rate for interim periods is determined based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), adjusted for the effect of discrete items arising in that quarter. The impact of such inclusions could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made in that quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company excluded the U.S. from the calculation of the AETR as the Company anticipates an ordinary loss in these jurisdictions for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize its deferred tax assets, which primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards. The Company has considered its history of cumulative net losses in the U.S., estimated future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of its U.S. deferred tax assets. As a result, as of September 30, 2022, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets in the U.S.

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Basic and diluted net loss per common share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

Note 15—Basic and diluted net loss per common share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares for basic and diluted net loss per share		57,973,541		54,472,650		57,573,406		24,838,250
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.53)	$	(0.48)	$	(1.72)	$	(2.72)

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include restricted stock, warrants, early exercised stock options and stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, have been excluded from the computation of dilutive net loss per share as the effect would be antidilutive. Therefore, the weighted- average number of shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential shares of common stock presented based on amounts outstanding at each stated period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

	Nine Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,	September 30,
	2022	2021
Stock options to purchase common stock	7,724,059	5,706,130
Early exercised stock options subject to future vesting	565,224	1,079,794
Restricted stock award subject to future vesting	247,780	818,214
Warrants	32,009	32,009
Total	8,569,072	7,636,147

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Defined contribution plan

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Defined contribution plan

Defined contribution plan

Note 16—Defined contribution plan

The Company has a 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (“401(k) Plan”) that is available to all employees of the Company. The Company has elected a Safe-Harbor provision for the 401(k) Plan in which participants are always fully vested in their employer contributions. The Company matches 100% of the first 3% of participating employee contributions and 50% of the next 2% of participating employee contributions. Contributions are made in cash. Contributions were approximately $249 and $88 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $644 and $449 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively. Such contribution expense has been recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for each period.

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Stock based compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Stock based compensation

Stock based compensation

Note 17—Stock-based compensation

As part of the merger discussed in Note 2 above, the Company adopted from Prior Century, the 2018 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan provides for the Company to sell or issue common stock or restricted common stock, or to grant incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options for the purchase of common stock, to employees, members of the Board of Directors, and consultants of the Company under terms and provisions established by the Board of Directors. Under the terms of the Plan, options may be granted at an exercise price not less than fair market value.

The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based vesting conditions and performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. Stock awards granted typically vest over a four-year period but may be granted with different vesting terms. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable. On June 17, 2021, this plan was replaced by the Century Therapeutics, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Incentive Plan”) and future issuances of incentive awards will be governed by that plan.

Upon adoption of the 2021 Incentive Plan, the Company was authorized to issue 5,481,735 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 Incentive Plan (which represents 5,640,711 shares of Common Stock initially available for grant under the 2021 Incentive Plan less 158,976 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of previously granted stock options that remain outstanding under the 2018 Incentive Plan).

The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”) was approved by the board of directors on May 27, 2021. A total of 564,071 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under this plan. No shares are issued or outstanding under the 2021 ESPP.

On January 1, 2022, the Company was authorized to issue an additional 2,750,276 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 Incentive Plan and an additional 550,055 shares of Common Stock under the 2021 ESPP pursuant to “evergreen” provisions contained in each of the 2021 Incentive Plan and 2021 ESPP.

The Company recognizes the costs of the stock-based payments as the employees vest in the awards. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $2,786 of stock-based compensation expense of which $1,419 was general and administrative expense and $1,367 was research and development expenses recorded within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $7,937 of stock-based compensation expense of which $3,728 was general and administrative expense and $4,209 was research and development expenses recorded within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022:

		Weighted Average
				Remaining		Aggregate
				Contractual		Intrinsic
				Term		Value
	Shares	Exercise Price		(years)		(in thousands)
Outstanding January 1, 2022	5,678,604	$	5.36	8.35	$	11,595
Granted	2,417,782		12.55	—		—
Exercised - vested	(203,001)		1.24	—		—
Forfeited	(169,326)		6.30	—		—
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	7,724,059	$	7.63	8.04	$	28,307
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	3,186,663	$	3.93	7.51	$	17,362

The weighted average grant date fair value of awards for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $8.22. As of September 30, 2022, there was $28,936 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options with time-based vesting terms, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.75 years.

During 2020, the Company issued 213,624 performance-based awards, respectively, that vest upon contingent events. The performance condition for these awards were achieved as of September 30, 2021. As a result, the Company recorded compensation expense related to the performance-based awards of $227 in 2021.

The Company estimates the fair value of its option awards to employees and directors using Black-Scholes. Due to the lack of substantial company-specific historical and implied volatility data of its common stock, the Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a group of similar public companies. The Company has never paid dividends and does not expect to in the foreseeable future. The expected term of the options granted to employees is derived from the “simplified” method as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 relating to stock-based compensation. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the expected term of the option are based on the U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The Company will account for actual forfeitures as they occur.

The weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted are as follows:

	September 30, 2022
Expected dividend rate	—
Expected option term (years)	6.07
Expected volatility	73.47	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.95	%

Restricted Stock

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

		Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Total Unvested December 31, 2021	681,789	$	4.20
Granted	—		—
Vested	(434,009)		1.80
Total Unvested September 30, 2022	247,780	$	8.41

Pursuant to certain stock purchase agreements containing vesting and other provisions, the Company has the right to repurchase unvested shares.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $2,063 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested restricted stock with time-based vesting terms, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.38 years. All restricted stock vests over a four-year period.

Early-Exercise of Unvested Equity Awards

As part of the merger, the Company assumed a deposit liability from Prior Century. Certain equity award holders early exercised unvested equity awards. The cash received upon early exercise of options of $1,831 was recorded as a deposit liability on the Company’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2022.

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Related party transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Related party transactions

Related party transactions

Note 18—Related party transactions

License Agreements and Collaborative Agreements with Shareholder of Equity Method Investor

As part of the Commitment Agreement, the Company acquired licenses and other contracts from Prior Century that were originally entered into by Prior Century and FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc. (“FCDI”). FCDI is a shareholder of Century. The acquired licenses and other contracts with FCDI are as follows:

FCDI Licenses

The Company acquired from Prior Century a non-exclusive license agreement with FCDI. The license provides the Company with certain patents and know-how related to the reprogramming of human somatic cells to induce pluripotent stem cells (“iPSCs”) (“License Agreement”). Under this agreement, the Company is required to make certain developmental and regulatory milestone payments as well as royalty payments upon commercialization. Royalties are in the low single digits on the sale of all licensed products.

The Company also acquired from Prior Century an exclusive license agreement with FCDI. The license provides the Company with patents and know-how related to human iPSC exclusively manufactured by FCDI.

The potential development and regulatory milestone payments to be paid by the Company to FCDI are $6,000.

Letter Agreement

On January 7, 2022, the Company and FCDI entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”), which amended each of the license agreements with FCDI (the “FCDI Agreements”) such that (i) the definition of Territory under each of the FCDI Agreements, for purposes of the sublicenses under the FCDI Agreements pursuant to the Company’s Collaboration Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, includes Japan, (ii) the licenses granted to the Company and its affiliates under the FCDI Agreements are sublicensable to Bristol-Myers Squibb, including with respect to Japan and (iii) Bristol-Myers Squibb is not subject to grant-back and option provisions under the reprogramming license.

Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, and in consideration for amending the FCDI Agreements, the Company (i) paid to FCDI an upfront payment of $10,000, (ii) will pay to FCDI a percentage of any milestone payments received by us under the Collaboration Agreement in respect of achievement of development or regulatory milestones specific to Japan, and (iii) will pay to FCDI a percentage of all royalties received by the Company under the Collaboration Agreement in respect of sales of products in Japan.

FCDI Collaboration Agreement

In October 2019, the Company entered into the Master Collaboration Agreement with FCDI, whereby FCDI will provide certain services to the Company to develop and manufacture iPSCs and immune cells derived therefrom. FCDI will provide services in accordance with the approved research plan and related research

budget. The initial research plan covers the period from October 2019 through March 31, 2022. On July 29, 2022 the Company amended it’s Master Collaboration Agreement to extend the term through September 30, 2025.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company made payments of $866 and $6,717 and incurred research and development expenses of $280 and $4,117 and legal fees of $21 and $112, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022, there was $721 in accrued expenses related to this agreement on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2021, there was $2,375 in accounts payable on the consolidated balance sheets.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made payments of $3,496 and $11,280 and incurred research and development expenses of $3,803 and $10,966, and legal fees of $14 and $70, recorded within general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Consulting Arrangements with Shareholders of Equity Method Investor

In 2019, the Company entered into arrangements with two shareholders of the Company, wherein the shareholders provide consulting services to the Company. As compensation for the consulting services, the shareholders are entitled to an annual retainer fee of $125 payable quarterly, along with payment of reasonable expenses associated with providing the consulting services. The Company incurred $19 and $57 related to these consulting arrangements that were included in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company incurred $0 and $56 related to these consulting arrangements that were included in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was $18 in accrued expenses related to this agreement on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Note 19—Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the interim period reporting requirements of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and consolidated statements of convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.  The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other subsequent interim period.  The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Merger and capital restructuring

Merger and capital restructuring

Upon the conversion of Century Therapeutics, LLC to a corporation and the merger of the newly converted corporation with Prior Century, the existing capital structure of Century Therapeutics, LLC was restructured with no consideration transferred. In accordance with ASC 505-10-S99-4, such a restructuring requires retroactive effect within the balance sheets presented. As such, the Company retroactively adjusted its consolidated balance sheets to cancel the existing LLC units and give effect to their conversion into capital stock of the Company as if those effects happened as of January 1, 2020. See Note 10 for further information on the Company’s capital restructuring.

Reverse Stock Split

Reverse Stock Split

In June 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a 2.5161-for-1 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, which was effected on June 11, 2021. The par value of the common stock was not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. Shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options and other equity instruments were proportionately reduced and the respective exercise prices, if applicable, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of the appropriate securities agreements. Shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the conversion of the convertible preferred stock were proportionately reduced and the respective conversion prices were proportionately increased. All common share and per share data have been retrospectively revised to reflect the reverse stock split.

Segment information

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions on how to

allocate resources and assess performance. The Company views its operations and manages the business as one operating segment.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are primarily made in relation to the valuations supporting stock compensation, the estimation of the incremental borrowing rate for operating leases and standalone selling prices of performance obligations in collaboration agreements. If actual results differ from the Company’s estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the Company’s results of operations could either benefit from, or be adversely affected by, any such change in estimate.

Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties

Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury bills and bonds, as well as corporate bonds. Cash and cash equivalents, as well as short and long-term investments include a checking account and asset management accounts held by a limited number of financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, uncertainty of market acceptance of its products, competition from substitute products and larger companies, protection of proprietary technology, strategic relationships, and dependence on key individuals.

Products developed by the Company require clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance the Company’s future products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company was denied clearance, clearance was delayed, or if the Company was unable to maintain clearance, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern,” which continues to spread throughout the world and has adversely impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets. Although many countries have re-opened, rises in new cases, including as the result of newly identified COVID-19 variants, have caused certain countries, states, and localities to re-initiate restrictions. Vaccines were introduced late in the fourth quarter of 2020 and became widely available by the end of the first quarter of 2021. While the vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 including the variants that have evolved to date, the overall vaccination rate in the United States may not have reached the level required for herd immunity. Certain variants of COVID-19 have proven to be more easily spread than earlier variants. The incomplete vaccination rate, and the emergence of new variants which could prove resistant to existing vaccines could again result in major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak closely. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact its operations or financial results is uncertain.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction

between market participants at the reporting date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to valuations based upon unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to valuations based upon unobservable inputs that are significant to the valuation (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 Inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly, including inputs in markets that are not considered to be active;

Level 3 Inputs are unobservable in which there is little or no market data available, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions that are unobservable.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Management considers all highly liquid investments with an insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $1,979 and $1,717, respectively, in cash on deposit to secure certain lease commitments. Restricted cash is recorded separately in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The following provides a reconciliation of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,350	$	56,445
Restricted cash		1,979		1,717
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	113,329	$	58,162

Investments

Investments

The Company invests in fixed maturity securities including U.S. Treasury bills and bonds as well as corporate bonds. The investments are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are determined by comparing the fair market value of the securities with their cost or amortized cost. Realized gains and losses on investments are recorded on the trade date and are included in the statement of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specified identification method. Investment income is recognized as earned and discounts or premiums arising from the purchase of debt securities are recognized in investment income using the interest method over the remaining term of the security. Securities with an original maturity date greater than three months that mature within one year of the balance sheet date are classified as short-term, while investments with a maturity date greater than one year are classified as long-term.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease. Construction in progress includes direct cost related to the construction of leasehold improvements and is stated at original cost. Such costs are not depreciated until the asset is completed and placed into service. Once the asset is placed into service, these capitalized costs will be allocated to leasehold improvements and will be depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining term of the lease.

Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, with any resulting gain or loss recognized concurrently.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, stock compensation, materials, supplies, rent, depreciation on and maintenance of research equipment with alternative future use, and the cost of services provided by outside contractors. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.

Stock based compensation

Stock-based compensation

Employees, consultants and members of the board of directors of the Company have received stock options and restricted stock of the Company. The Company recognizes the cost of the stock-based compensation incurred as its employees and board members vest in the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (“Black Scholes”) to determine the fair value of options granted. The Company’s stock-based awards are subject to service-based vesting conditions and performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable.

Black-Scholes requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including (i) the expected stock price volatility, (ii) the expected term of the award, (iii) the risk-free interest rate and (iv) expected dividends. Due to the lack of a public market for the Company’s common stock prior to its IPO and lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company based its computation of expected volatility on the historical volatility of a representative group of public companies with similar characteristics to the Company, including stage of product development and life science industry focus. The historical volatility is calculated based on a period of time commensurate with expected term assumption. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term for options granted to employees and board members whereby the expected term equals the arithmetic average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the options due to its lack of sufficient historical data. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date commensurate with the expected term of the associated award. The expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to pay any dividends on its common stock. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

Warrants

Warrants

The Company has issued warrants that have been recognized as equity, and the fair value is recorded into additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Warrants are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement. The Company’s warrants issued are in connection with its long-term debt and in connection with services provided by consultants, and are equity classified on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Equity classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date, using Black Scholes, with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Century Canada is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities of Century Canada are translated into U.S. dollars based on exchange rates at the end of each reporting period. Expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period. Gains and losses arising from the translation of assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss or income on the company’s consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are reflected within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has not utilized any foreign currency hedging strategies to mitigate the effect of its foreign currency exposure.

Intercompany payables and receivables are considered to be long-term in nature and any change in balance due to foreign currency fluctuation is included as a component of the Company’s consolidated comprehensive loss and accumulated other comprehensive loss within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Basic and diluted net loss per common shares

Basic and diluted net loss per common shares

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per common share by dividing the net loss applicable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted- average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effects of its warrants, restricted stock and stock options to purchase common shares, but such items are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Because the impact of these items are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there were no differences between the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Income taxes

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no accrued interest or penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheet.

Collaboration Revenue

Collaboration revenue

The Company may enter into collaboration and licensing agreements with strategic partners for research and development, manufacturing, and commercialization of its product candidates. Payments under these arrangements may include non-refundable, upfront fees; reimbursement of certain costs; customer option

fees for additional goods or services; payments upon the achievement of development, regulatory, and commercial milestones; sales of product at certain agreed-upon amounts; and royalties on product sales.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. This standard applies to all contracts with customers. When an agreement falls under the scope of other standards, such as ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, the Company will apply the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure guidance in ASC 606 to the performance obligations in the agreements if those performance obligations are with a customer. Revenue recognized by analogizing to ASC 606 is recorded as collaboration revenue on the statements of operations.

Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under a collaboration agreement, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must use its judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract for the allocation of transaction price. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price may include such estimates as forecasted revenues and costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of regulatory and commercial success. The Company also applies significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, non-current.

If an arrangement is determined to contain customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, the goods and services underlying the customer options are not considered to be performance obligations at the outset of the arrangement, as they are contingent upon option exercise. The Company evaluates the customer options for material rights or options to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. If the customer options are not determined to represent a material right, no transaction price is allocated to these options and the Company will account for these options at that time they are exercised. If the customer options are determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement.

The promises under the Company’s collaboration agreements may include research and development services to be performed by the Company for or on behalf of the customer. Amounts allocated to these performance obligations are recognized as the Company performs these obligations, and revenue is measured based on an inputs method of costs incurred to date of budgeted costs. Under certain circumstances, the Company may be reimbursed for certain expenses incurred under the research and development services.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes development milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The Company evaluates

factors such as the scientific, clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the particular milestone in making this assessment. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company reevaluates the probability of achievement of all milestones subject to constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis in the statements of operations in the period of adjustment.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (ASC 326). The guidance is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023 and it changes how entities account for credit losses on the financial assets and other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income, including available-for-sale debt securities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Restricted stock

Stock based compensation

Restricted stock

In 2018, the Company issued 1,704,256 restricted stock awards at a purchase price of $0.03 per share. In 2019, the Company issued 850,312 restricted stock awards at a weighted average purchase price of $0.70 per share. In October 2019, the Company repurchased 298,080 shares at $1.03 per share. In 2021, the Company issued 194,320 restricted stock awards. As of September 30, 2022, the number of restricted stock awards vested were 2,203,028. For accounting purposes, unvested restricted stock awards are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore are not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $246 and $735, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for these awards of $567 and $695, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock Options

Stock based compensation

Early exercised options

The Company allowed certain of its employees and its consultants to exercise options granted under the 2018 Plan (Note 17) prior to vesting and prior to its IPO. The shares related to early exercised stock options are subject to the Company’s repurchase right upon termination of employment or services at the lesser of the original purchase price or fair market value at the time of repurchase. In order to vest, the holders are required to provide continued service to the Company. The early exercise by an employee or consultant of a stock option is not considered to be a substantive exercise for accounting purposes, and therefore, the payment received by the employer for the exercise price is recognized as a liability. For accounting purposes, unvested early exercised shares are not considered issued and outstanding and therefore not reflected as issued and outstanding in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets or the consolidated statements of changes in convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) until the awards vest. The deposits received are initially recorded in deposit liability. The liabilities are reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in-capital as the repurchase right lapses. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $1,831 and $3,000, respectively, recorded in deposit liability related to shares held by employees and nonemployees that were subject to repurchase.

All shares that were early exercised by the executives of the Company are considered legally issued, however, for accounting purposes, only vested shares are considered issued. Below is a reconciliation of shares issued and outstanding:

	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Total shares legally outstanding	58,997,659	56,633,898
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Less: unvested restricted stock	(247,780)	(681,789)
Total shares issued and outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

Schedule of reconciliation of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,350	$	56,445
Restricted cash		1,979		1,717
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	113,329	$	58,162

Reconciliation of shares issued and outstanding

	September 30, 2022	December 31, 2021
Total shares legally outstanding	58,997,659	56,633,898
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Less: unvested restricted stock	(247,780)	(681,789)
Total shares issued and outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

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Initial capitalization (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Prior Century's Assets

Schedule of Capitalization [Line Items]

Schedule of relative fair value allocation

	As of June 21, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,163
IPR&D		225,946
Property and equipment		1,034
Other current assets		578
Other non-current assets		669
Current liabilities		(1,283)
Total	$	252,107

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Financial instruments and fair value measurements

Schedule of assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	106,716		—		—	$	106,716
U.S. Treasury		90,016		—		—		90,016
Corporate bonds		—		193,920		—		193,920
Total	$	196,732	$	193,920	$	—	$	390,652

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	52,882		—		—	$	52,882
U.S. Treasury		79,752		—		—		79,752
Corporate bonds		—		222,596		—		222,596
Total	$	132,634	$	222,596	$	—	$	355,230

Schedule of investments in fixed maturity securities

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	91,913	$	—	$	(1,897)	$	90,016
Corporate bonds		195,548		—		(1,628)		193,920
Total	$	287,461	$	—	$	(3,524)	$	283,936

			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury	$	80,052	$	—	$	(300)	$	79,752
Corporate bonds		222,898		—		(302)		222,596
Total	$	302,950	$	—	$	(602)	$	302,348

Schedule of maturities of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Less than one year	$	244,509	$	166,434
One to five years		39,427		135,914
	$	283,936	$	302,348

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Schedule of summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	354	$	210
Insurance		1,824		1,606
Software licenses		2,611		2,033
Reimbursement receivable		364		250
Warranties		283		424
Other		—		250
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	5,436	$	4,773

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Property and equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property and equipment, net

Schedule of summary of property and equipment, net

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Lab equipment	$	29,948	$	18,114
Leasehold improvements		47,693		8,365
Construction in progress		6,483		32,836
Computer software and equipment		3,127		2,623
Furniture and fixtures		1,541		1,358
Total		88,792		63,296
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(10,854)		(5,329)
Property and equipment, net	$	77,938	$	57,967

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Schedule of summary of accrued expenses

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Payroll and bonuses	$	5,185	$	4,445
Interest		92		82
Professional and legal fees		2,516		796
Operating lease liability, current		505		615
Other		457		102
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	8,755	$	6,040

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Long-term debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Long-term debt

Summary of the Company's indebtedness

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Principal	$	10,000	$	10,000
Plus: End of term fee		395		395
Less: Debt discount attributable to warrants, net of accretion		(12)		(25)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing cost and end of term fee, net of accretion		(211)		(428)
Long-term debt, net	$	10,172	$	9,942

Schedule of interest expense of the Loan Agreement

	For the Three		For the Three		For the Nine		For the Nine
	Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended		Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Interest expense	$	296	$	245	$	787	$	725
Amortization of debt issuance costs, including end of term fee accretion		77		77		230		229
	$	373	$	322	$	1,017	$	954

Schedule of future principal payments due

Future principal payments due (including the end of term fee) under the Loan Agreement are as follows (in thousands):

	Principal Payments
2023	$	6,544
2024		3,851
Total future payments	$	10,395

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Revenue recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue recognition

Schedule of transaction price unsatisfied

Performance obligations:	Transaction price		Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized		Deferred collaboration revenue
Option rights	$	109,045	$	-	$	109,045
Research and development services		14,142		(4,678)		9,464
Total		123,187		(4,678)		118,509
Less current portion of deferred revenue		-		-		(7,571)
Total long-term deferred revenue	$	123,187	$	(4,678)	$	110,938

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases

Schedule of components of lease expenses

	For the		For the		For the		For the
	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Operating lease expense:
Fixed lease cost	$	1,795	$	597	$	3,298	$	1,659
Variable lease cost		303		119		840		557
Short term lease expense		602		653		1,971		1,963
Total operating lease expense	$	2,700	$	1,369	$	6,109	$	4,179

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

The following table reflects supplemental balance sheet information related to leases:

		As of		As of
		September 30,		December 31,
	Location in Balance Sheet	2022		2021
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	29,488	$	11,854
Operating lease liability, current	Accrued expenses and other liabilities		505		615
Operating lease liability, long-term	Operating lease liability, long-term		36,594		14,559
Total operating lease liability		$	37,099	$	15,174

Schedule of supplemental lease term and discount rate information related to leases

The following table reflects supplement lease term and discount rate information related to leases:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms - operating leases	9.63 years		7.99 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	9.0	%	9.0	%

Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to leases

The following table reflects supplemental cash flow information related to leases as of the periods indicated:

	For the Nine Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	3,560	$	176
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	$	18,740	$	3,295

Schedule of Future minimum lease payments of operating leases

	Operating Leases
2022	$	828
2023		5,239
2024		8,521
2025		8,692
2026		8,833
Thereafter		63,063
Total lease payments		95,176
Less: Imputed interest		(49,792)
Less: Tenant incentive receivable		(8,285)
Total	$	37,099

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Basic and diluted net loss per common share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per shares of common stock

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator
Net loss	$	(30,749)	$	(26,009)	$	(99,250)	$	(67,630)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares for basic and diluted net loss per share		57,973,541		54,472,650		57,573,406		24,838,250
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.53)	$	(0.48)	$	(1.72)	$	(2.72)

Schedule of potential shares of common stock excluded

	Nine Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,	September 30,
	2022	2021
Stock options to purchase common stock	7,724,059	5,706,130
Early exercised stock options subject to future vesting	565,224	1,079,794
Restricted stock award subject to future vesting	247,780	818,214
Warrants	32,009	32,009
Total	8,569,072	7,636,147

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Stock based compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Stock based compensation

Schedule of stock option activity

		Weighted Average
				Remaining		Aggregate
				Contractual		Intrinsic
				Term		Value
	Shares	Exercise Price		(years)		(in thousands)
Outstanding January 1, 2022	5,678,604	$	5.36	8.35	$	11,595
Granted	2,417,782		12.55	—		—
Exercised - vested	(203,001)		1.24	—		—
Forfeited	(169,326)		6.30	—		—
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	7,724,059	$	7.63	8.04	$	28,307
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	3,186,663	$	3.93	7.51	$	17,362

Schedule of weighted-average assumptions

	September 30, 2022
Expected dividend rate	—
Expected option term (years)	6.07
Expected volatility	73.47	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.95	%

Schedule of restricted stock activity

		Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Total Unvested December 31, 2021	681,789	$	4.20
Granted	—		—
Vested	(434,009)		1.80
Total Unvested September 30, 2022	247,780	$	8.41

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Organization and description of the business (Details)	Jun. 21, 2019
Century Therapeutics, LLC | Century Therapeutics, Inc. (Prior Century)
Organization and description of the business
Ownership percentage	72.00%

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Organization and description of the business - Going concern and liquidity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jun. 22, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Organization and description of the business
Gross proceeds from initial public offering									$ 221,402
Number of common shares issued upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock	34,126,528
Net loss		$ (30,749)	$ (30,988)	$ (37,512)	$ (26,009)	$ (23,273)	$ (18,348)	$ (99,250)	(67,630)
Cash generated from operations								36,959	$ (64,651)
Amount of cash and cash equivalents on short and long term investments		$ 395,286						$ 395,286
Public offering
Organization and description of the business
Number of shares offered	10,550,000
Price per share sold in IPO	$ 20.00
Gross proceeds from initial public offering	$ 242,650
Net proceeds from underwritten public offering	221,402
Amount of underwriting discounts and commissions	16,985
Offering costs	$ 4,263
Number of common shares issued upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock	34,126,528
Over-Allotment Option [Member]
Organization and description of the business
Number of shares offered	1,582,500

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation (Details)		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 11, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022 segment
Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation
Reverse stock split	2.5161
Number of operating segment		1

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Restricted cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation
Cash on deposit	$ 1,979	$ 1,717
Cash and cash equivalents	111,350	56,445
Restricted cash	1,979	1,717
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 113,329	$ 58,162	$ 103,009	$ 27,728

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Property and equipment and Stock-based compensation (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation
Estimated useful lives of the assets	5 years
Expected dividend rate	0.00%

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Early exercised options (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation
Amount of deposit liability related to shares held by employees and nonemployees that were subject to repurchase	$ 1,831	$ 3,000
Total shares legally outstanding	58,997,659	56,633,898
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Less: unvested restricted stock	(247,780)	(681,789)
Total shares issued and outstanding	58,184,655	55,005,523

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Restricted stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested shares				434,009
Stock based compensation expense		$ 2,786		$ 7,937
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock issued				194,320		850,312	1,704,256
Purchase price (in dollars per share)						$ 0.70	$ 0.03
Shares repurchased	298,080
Shares repurchased price (in dollars per shares)	$ 1.03
Vested shares				2,203,028
Stock based compensation expense		$ 246	$ 567	$ 735	$ 695

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Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation - Income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation
Accrued interest or penalties on unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0

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Initial capitalization - Century capital contributions (Details) - Century Therapeutics, LLC $ in Thousands	Jun. 21, 2019 USD ($) shares
Schedule of Capitalization [Line Items]
Common units issued | shares	67,226,891
Transaction costs for the assets acquired	$ 252,107
Equity issuance costs reduced from members equity	$ 407

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Initial capitalization - Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 19, 2019	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 21, 2019
Schedule of Capitalization [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 111,350	$ 56,445
Property and equipment		77,938	57,967
Other current assets			250
Current liabilities		(26,907)	$ (15,655)
IPR&D expense		$ 10,000
Prior Century's Assets
Schedule of Capitalization [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 25,163
IPR&D				225,946
Property and equipment				1,034
Other current assets				578
Other non-current assets				669
Current liabilities				(1,283)
Total				$ 252,107
IPR&D expense	$ 225,946

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Initial capitalization - Bayer Capital Contributions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 18, 2020	Jun. 21, 2019	Jan. 31, 2021	Nov. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Initial capitalization
Subscription receivable					$ 31,900
Bayer Health LLC
Initial capitalization
Cash capital commitment		$ 215,000
Bayer Health LLC | Tranche 1.
Initial capitalization
Cash capital commitment		$ 145,000
Units exchanged		26,143,790
Consideration paid at closing		$ 75,000
Consideration due upon achievement of certain developmental milestone		$ 70,000
Term of remaining consideration due		3 years
Subscription receivable						$ 74,839
Equity issuance costs						161
Subscription receivable						$ 70,000
Bayer Health LLC | Tranche 1. | Amendment to the Commitment Agreement
Initial capitalization
Subscription receivable	$ 70,000		$ 31,900	$ 38,100
Bayer Health LLC | Tranche2
Initial capitalization
Cash capital commitment		$ 70,000

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Asset purchase by Century Therapeutics Canada ULC (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 09, 2020	Jun. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Release of escrow deposit				$ 520	$ 523
In-process research and development (IPR&D) asset | Empirica Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total consideration transferred	$ 4,519
Buyer transaction expenses	203
Escrow deposit	$ 1,506
Release of escrow deposit		$ 517	$ 523
In-process research and development (IPR&D) asset | Empirica Agreement | Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Accrued compensation expense				$ 120		$ 261

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Assets measured at fair value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Cash equivalents	$ 106,716	$ 52,882
Debt securities	283,936	302,348
Total assets	390,652	355,230
U.S. Treasury
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Debt securities	90,016	79,752
Corporate bonds
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Debt securities	193,920	222,596
Level 1
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Cash equivalents	106,716	52,882
Total assets	196,732	132,634
Level 1 | U.S. Treasury
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Debt securities	90,016	79,752
Level 2
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Total assets	193,920	222,596
Level 2 | Corporate bonds
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Debt securities	$ 193,920	$ 222,596

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Transfers between levels (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Transfer of assets from level 1 to level 2	$ 0
Transfer of assets from level 2 to level 1	$ 0

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Investments in fixed maturity securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Amortized Cost	$ 287,461	$ 302,950
Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,524)	(602)
Fair Value	283,936	302,348
U.S. Treasury
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Amortized Cost	91,913	80,052
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,897)	(300)
Fair Value	90,016	79,752
Corporate bonds
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Amortized Cost	195,548	222,898
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,628)	(302)
Fair Value	$ 193,920	$ 222,596

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Financial instruments and fair value measurements - Maturities of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial instruments and fair value measurements
Less than one year	$ 244,509	$ 166,434
One to five years	39,427	135,914
Fair Value	$ 283,936	$ 302,348

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets - Summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Prepaid expenses and other current assets.
Research and development	$ 354	$ 210
Insurance	1,824	1,606
Software licenses and other	2,611	2,033
Reimbursement receivable	364	250
Warranties	283	424
Other		250
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 5,436	$ 4,773

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Property and equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	$ 88,792		$ 88,792		$ 63,296
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(10,854)		(10,854)		(5,329)
Property and equipment, net	77,938		77,938		57,967
Depreciation	2,774	$ 1,044	5,602	$ 2,697
Lab equipment
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	29,948		29,948		18,114
Leasehold improvements
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	47,693		47,693		8,365
Construction in progress
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	6,483		6,483		32,836
Computer software and equipment
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	3,127		3,127		2,623
Furniture and fixtures
Property and equipment, net
Gross total	$ 1,541		$ 1,541		$ 1,358

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Accrued expenses and other liabilities - Summary of accrued expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Payroll and bonuses	$ 5,185	$ 4,445
Interest	92	82
Professional and legal fees	2,516	796
Operating lease liability, current	505	615
Other	457	102
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 8,755	$ 6,040

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Long-term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term debt
Principal	$ 10,000	$ 10,000
Plus: End of term fee	395	395
Less: Debt discount attributable to warrants, net of accretion	(12)	(25)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing cost, net of accretion	(211)	(428)
Long-term debt, net	$ 10,172	$ 9,942

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Long-term debt - Term Loan Agreement (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2020	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term debt
Deferred financing costs		$ 211	$ 428
Warrants to purchase units	16,112
Warrants term	10 years
Warrants exercise price	$ 13.96
Fair value of the warrants at issuance	$ 46
Warrants to be issued percentage	2.25%
Loan Agreement
Long-term debt
Loan amount	$ 10,000
Term	4 years
Debt interest rate	9.55%	12.55%
Deferred financing costs	$ 410
Percentage of term fee	3.95%
Loan Agreement | Loan amounts prepaid during the interest-only period
Long-term debt
Prepayment charges percentage	2.00%
Loan Agreement | Loan amounts prepaid after the interest-only period
Long-term debt
Prepayment charges percentage	1.00%
Loan Agreement | Minimum
Long-term debt
Interest only payment period	30 months
Debt interest rate	6.30%
Tranche 1
Long-term debt
Loan amount	$ 10,000
Tranche 2
Long-term debt
Loan amount		$ 10,000
Tranche 3
Long-term debt
Loan amount		$ 10,000

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Long-term debt - Interest Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term debt
Interest expense	$ 296	$ 245	$ 787	$ 725
Amortization of debt issuance costs, including end of term fee accretion	77	77	230	229
Interest expense	373	$ 322	1,017	$ 954
Accrued interest	92		92		$ 82
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Long-term debt
Accrued interest	$ 92		$ 92		$ 82

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Long-term debt - Future principal payments due (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Future principal payments due
2023	$ 6,544
2024	3,851
Total future payments	$ 10,395

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Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 22, 2021	Feb. 25, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stockholders Equity
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	10,000,000				10,000,000	10,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of issuance costs				$ 159,628
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.0001				$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of common shares issued upon conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock	34,126,528
Common stock, shares authorized	300,000,000	125,236,190			300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Temporary equity, authorized		85,865,789
Temporary Equity, Par or Stated Value Per Share		$ 0.0001
Series A
Stockholders Equity
Share conversion price	1.00
Temporary equity, authorized		35,000,000
Series B
Stockholders Equity
Share conversion price	5.55
Temporary equity, authorized		26,143,790
Series C
Stockholders Equity
Temporary equity, shares		24,721,999	24,721,999
Issuance price per share		$ 6.472
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of issuance costs		$ 160,000
Share conversion price	$ 6.472
Temporary equity, authorized		24,721,999
Temporary Equity, Par or Stated Value Per Share		$ 0.0001

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Revenue recognition (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Jan. 07, 2022 USD ($) Program item $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares	Jun. 22, 2021 $ / shares	Feb. 25, 2021 $ / shares
Common stock, par value | $ / shares					$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Aggregate purchase price					$ 250	$ 130
Aggregate purchase price excluding premium		$ 26,813	$ 217	$ 221,185
Total transaction price					$ 123,187
Collaboration Agreement
Number of collaboration programs | Program	2
Additional number of collaboration programs | Program	2
Upfront cash payment receivable	$ 100
Milestone payments receivable upon achievement of certain development and regulatory milestones	235
Sales-based milestone payments	$ 500
Termination of Royalty term	12 years
Common stock issued | shares	2,160,760
Common stock, par value | $ / shares	$ 23.14
Aggregate purchase price	$ 50
Common stock, premium per share | $ / shares	$ 7.82
Premium amount of common stock	$ 23,200
Aggregate purchase price excluding premium	$ 26,800
Number of Commitments | item	4
FCDI Collaboration Agreement | Collaboration Agreement
Upfront cash payment receivable	$ 10,000

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Revenue recognition - Total transaction price (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	$ 118,509
Less current portion of deferred revenue	(7,571)
Total long-term deferred revenue	110,938
Transaction price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	123,187
Total long-term deferred revenue	123,187
Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized	(4,678)
Option rights
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	109,045
Option rights | Transaction price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	109,045
Research and development services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	9,464
Research and development services | Transaction price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total	14,142
Research and development services | Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Cumulative collaboration revenue recognized	$ (4,678)

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 24, 2019
Empirica Agreement
Commitments and Contingencies
Milestone payments due	$ 18
Empirica Agreement | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies
Sales of the licensed product Thresholds percentage	50.00%
Distributed Bio Master Service Agreement
Commitments and Contingencies
Milestone payments						$ 16,100
Milestone payments due			$ 0	$ 0
Distributed Bio Master Service Agreement | Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies
Accrued expenses			36
ICell Inc. Sublicense Agreement
Commitments and Contingencies
Milestone payments due		$ 0	$ 0
Development and regulatory approval milestone payments					$ 4,250
ICell Inc. Sublicense Agreement | Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies
Milestone payments					$ 70

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Leases - Components of lease expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease deposit	$ 1,278		$ 1,278		$ 1,549
Operating lease expense:
Fixed lease cost	1,795	$ 597	3,298	$ 1,659
Variable lease cost	303	119	840	557
Short term lease expense	602	653	1,971	1,963
Total operating lease expense	$ 2,700	$ 1,369	$ 6,109	$ 4,179
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Initial lease terms	5 years		5 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Initial lease terms	16 years		16 years

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Leases - Other information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$ 29,488	$ 11,854
Operating lease liability, current	$ 505	$ 615
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued Expenses And Other Liabilities, Current	Accrued Expenses And Other Liabilities, Current
Operating lease liability, long term	$ 36,594	$ 14,559
Total operating lease liability	$ 37,099	$ 15,174

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Leases - Operating lease - Other information (Details)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (years) - operating leases	9 years 7 months 17 days	7 years 11 months 26 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	9.00%	9.00%

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Leases - Supplemental cash flow information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Supplemental cash flow information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 3,560
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$ 176
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	$ 18,740	$ 3,295

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Leases - Future minimum lease payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Leases
2022	$ 828
2023	5,239
2024	8,521
2025	8,692
2026	8,833
Thereafter	63,063
Total lease payments	95,176
Less: imputed Interest	(49,792)
Less: Tenant incentive receivable	(8,285)
Total	$ 37,099	$ 15,174

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Income taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ 25	$ 59
Amount of income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred or for the research and development tax credits		0
Maximum
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)		$ 100

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Basic and diluted net loss per common share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Numerator
Net loss	$ (30,749)	$ (30,988)	$ (37,512)	$ (26,009)	$ (23,273)	$ (18,348)	$ (99,250)	$ (67,630)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares for basic net loss per share	57,973,541			54,472,650			57,573,406	24,838,250
Weighted-average common shares for diluted net loss per share	57,973,541			54,472,650			57,573,406	24,838,250
Basic net loss per common share	$ (0.53)			$ (0.48)			$ (1.72)	$ (2.72)
Diluted net loss per common share	$ (0.53)			$ (0.48)			$ (1.72)	$ (2.72)

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Basic and diluted net loss per common share - Schedule of potential shares of common stock excluded from computation (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
Securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	8,569,072	7,636,147
Stock options to purchase common stock
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
Securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	7,724,059	5,706,130
Early exercised stock options subject to future vesting
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
Securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	565,224	1,079,794
Restricted stock
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
Securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	247,780	818,214
Warrants
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
Securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	32,009	32,009

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Defined contribution plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Defined contribution plan
Defined contributions	$ 249	$ 88	$ 644	$ 449
First 3% of participating employee contributions
Defined contribution plan
Employer contribution matching percentage			100.00%
Employee contribution			3.00%
Next 2% of participating employee contributions
Defined contribution plan
Employer contribution matching percentage			50.00%
Employee contribution			2.00%

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Stock based compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 17, 2021	May 27, 2021
Stock based compensation
Stock awards vesting period			4 years
Stock based compensation expense		$ 2,786	$ 7,937
2021 Incentive Plan
Stock based compensation
Shares authorized for issuance		0	0
2021 Incentive Plan | Stock Options
Stock based compensation
Shares authorized for issuance				5,481,735
Additional shares authorized for issuance	2,750,276
Shares available for grant				5,640,711
Stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of previously granted stock options				158,976
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2021
Stock based compensation
Shares authorized for issuance					564,071
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2021 | General and administrative expense
Stock based compensation
Stock based compensation expense		$ 1,419	$ 3,728
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2021 | Research and development expenses
Stock based compensation
Stock based compensation expense		$ 1,367	$ 4,209
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2021 | Stock Options
Stock based compensation
Additional shares authorized for issuance	550,055

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Stock based compensation - Stock option activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Shares
Less: unvested early exercised shares	(565,224)	(946,586)
Stock Options
Shares
Outstanding, beginning (in shares)	5,678,604
Granted	2,417,782
Exercised - vested	(203,001)
Forfeited	(169,326)
Outstanding, ending (in shares)	7,724,059	5,678,604
Exercisable	3,186,663
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning	$ 5.36
Granted	12.55
Exercised - vested	1.24
Forfeited	6.30
Outstanding, ending	7.63	$ 5.36
Exercisable	$ 3.93
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding	8 years 14 days	8 years 4 months 6 days
Exercisable	7 years 6 months 3 days
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 8.22
Awards that vest upon contingent events	2,417,782
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning	$ 11,595
Outstanding, ending	28,307	$ 11,595
Exercisable	17,362
Time Based Vesting
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 28,936
Unrecognized compensation expense expected to be recognized over a weighted average period	2 years 9 months
Performance Shares
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 227
Performance Shares | Tranche 1.
Shares
Granted			213,624
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Awards that vest upon contingent events			213,624

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Stock based compensation - Stock option weighted-average assumptions (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
weighted-average assumptions fair value of stock option granted
Expected dividend rate	0.00%
Stock Options
weighted-average assumptions fair value of stock option granted
Expected option term (years)	6 years 25 days
Expected volatility	73.47%
Risk-free interest rate	1.95%

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Stock based compensation - Restricted stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Shares
Total Unvested	681,789
Vested	(434,009)
Total Unvested	247,780
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Total Unvested	$ 4.20
Vested	1.80
Total Unvested	$ 8.41
Restricted stock vesting period	4 years
Deposit liability	$ 860	$ 980
Restricted stock
Shares
Vested	(2,203,028)
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Restricted stock vesting period	4 years
Unvested restricted stock with time-based vesting
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 2,063
Unrecognized compensation expense expected to be recognized over a weighted average period	1 year 4 months 17 days
Deposit liability	$ 1,831

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Related party transactions (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) item	Jan. 07, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Collaboration Agreement
Related party transactions
Upfront cash payment receivable						$ 100
FCDI Collaboration Agreement
Related party transactions
Payment to related party	$ 866	$ 3,496	$ 6,717	$ 11,280
Research and development	280	3,803	4,117	10,966
Legal fees	21	14	112	70
Accounts payable							$ 2,375
Accrued expenses	721		721
FCDI Collaboration Agreement | Collaboration Agreement
Related party transactions
Upfront cash payment receivable						$ 10,000
FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc.
Related party transactions
Development and regulatory milestone payments	6,000		6,000
Shareholders of Equity Method Investor | Consulting Arrangements
Related party transactions
Number of related parties | item					2
Pre payments to related party					$ 125
Shareholders of Equity Method Investor | Consulting Arrangements | Accrued expenses
Related party transactions
Accrued expenses	18		18				$ 18
Shareholders of Equity Method Investor | Consulting Arrangements | Research and development expenses
Related party transactions
Research and development	$ 19	$ 0	$ 57	$ 56