SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Blue Foundry Bancorp (the “Company”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, Blue Foundry Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Blue Foundry Service Corp., Rutherford Center Development Corp., Blue Foundry Investment Company (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Blue Foundry Bancorp owns 100% of the common stock of Blue Foundry Bank. Business The Company provides a wide range of banking services to individual and business customers through branch offices in New Jersey. The Company is subject to competition from other financial institutions and to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies, and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. On July 15, 2021, the Company became the holding company for the Bank when Blue Foundry, MHC completed its conversion into the stock holding company form of organization. In connection with the conversion, the Company sold 27,772,500 shares of common stock at a price of $10 per share, for gross proceeds of $277.7 million. The Company contributed 750,000 shares of common stock and $1.5 million in cash to Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation, Inc. and established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) acquiring 2,281,800 shares of common stock. Shares of the Company’s common stock began trading on July 16, 2021 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol “BLFY.” Basis of Financial Statement Presentation The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The audited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statement of financial condition and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity. The results of operations and other data presented for the year ended December 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for subsequent periods. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and deposits with other financial institutions with maturities fewer than 90 days. Securities Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Securities to be held for indefinite periods of time and not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities available for sale are excluded from earnings with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax adjusted for deferred tax valuation allowances, until realized. Securities available for sale are those which management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy and which may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk and other factors related to interest rate risk. Gains and losses on sales are recognized on a trade-date basis using the specific identification method. Premiums on securities are amortized to income using a method that approximates the interest method over the remaining period to the earliest call date or contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Discounts on securities are accreted to income over the remaining period to the contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on, at least, a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. Derivatives At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation (“stand-alone derivative”). For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For both types of hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as non-interest income. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 the Company’s derivatives are all cash flow hedges. Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged. The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to a specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings. The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements. All the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly or quarterly. In addition, the Company obtains collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its hedges for each counterparty based upon their credit standing and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business. Fair Value of Financial Instruments GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Restricted Stock Restricted Stock consists primarily of membership and activity-based shares in the FHLB. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors. FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. Restricted stock also consists of shares in a cooperative that provides community banking core technology solutions, COCC. Loans Receivable Loans receivable are stated at unpaid principal balance, net of deferred fees, costs, and discounts, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is recognized based upon the principal amount outstanding. Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the level yield method over the contractual life of the individual loans, adjusted for actual prepayments. For all loan classes, the accrual of income on loans, including impaired loans, is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or when certain factors indicate reasonable doubt as to the ability of the borrower to meet contractual principal and/or interest obligations. Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. All previously accrued interest is reversed and income is recognized subsequently only in the period received, provided the remaining principal balance is deemed collectible. A nonaccrual loan is not returned to an accrual status until principal and interest payments are brought current and factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist. Principal and interest payments received on non-accrual loans for which the remaining principal balance is not deemed collectible are applied as a reduction to principal and interest income is not recognized. If the principal balance on the loan is later deemed collectible and the loan is returned to accrual status, any interest payments that were applied to principal while on non-accrual are recorded as an unearned discount on the loan, classified as deferred fees, costs and discounts, and are recognized into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining contractual life the individual loan, adjusted for actual prepayments. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable and reasonably estimable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required for all portfolio segments using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component of the allowance relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance (generally $400,000 or less) homogeneous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment. Impaired loans also include all nonaccrual non-residential, multifamily and construction and land loans, and troubled debt restructurings. Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been modified such that a concession has been granted because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Modifications could include extension of the terms of the loan, reduced interest rates, and forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. Once an obligation has been classified a troubled debt restructuring, it continues to be considered a troubled debt restructuring and is individually evaluated for impairment until paid in full. For a cash flow dependent loan, the Company records an impairment charge equal to the difference between the present value of the estimated future cash flows under the restructured terms discounted at the loans original effective interest rate, and the original loan’s carrying amount. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company records an impairment when the current estimated fair value, net of estimated costs to sell when necessary, of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan. The general component of the allowance covers non impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is a quantitative factor determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company. The qualitative factors include consideration of the following: •Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses •Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments •Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans •Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff •Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans. •Changes in the quality of the institution's loan review system •Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans •The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations •The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the institution's existing portfolio The loan portfolio is categorized according to collateral type, loan purpose, lien position, or borrower type (i.e., commercial, consumer). The categories used include residential one-to-four family, multifamily, non-residential, construction and land, junior liens, commercial and industrial (consisting primarily of Paycheck Protection Program, or “PPP”, loans), and consumer and other. Real Estate Owned (REO) REO consists of properties acquired in foreclosure actions or in settlement of loans and real estate held for investment purposes. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Real estate acquired in foreclosure, or in lieu thereof, is initially recorded at fair value, as generally determined by independent appraisals, less estimated costs to sell. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. When a property is acquired and there is a collateral deficiency, the excess of the loan balance over fair value is charged off through the allowance for loan losses. In instances where the fair value exceeds the loan balance, a recovery to the allowance for loan losses is recorded up to an amount equal to any previous charge-offs taken on the loan, with any excess remaining recorded as a gain on REO through the statement of operations. Subsequent costs directly related to the completion of construction or improvement of the real estate are capitalized to the extent realizable. Carrying costs, such as maintenance and taxes, are charged to operations as incurred. In addition, rental income collected on REO is recognized as income when received. The Company evaluates its real estate held for investment based upon projected future cash flows of the underlying properties. Based upon the projected future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the real estate is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are generally stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and fair value adjustments. Depreciation and amortization is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or leases. Repair and maintenance items are expensed and improvements are capitalized. Construction in process represents costs incurred to develop properties for future use. Leases and Lease Obligations The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for financial centers, administrative and office operations locations, and information technology equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one to 15 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. The Company’s leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on the Company’s balance sheet. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors. Bank Owned Life Insurance The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key individuals. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill resulting from business combinations represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets of the businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exists that indicate that an impairment test should be performed. For the year ended December 31, 2020, goodwill of $15.5 million was impaired based on a multi-factor quantitative assessment which resulted in the carrying amount of goodwill exceeding its fair value. After the 2020 impairment, there is no remaining goodwill. Intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 represent capitalized costs related to internal-use software. Eligible costs are capitalized according to ASC 350-40 and are amortized over the estimated useful life. Intangible assets are considered for potential impairment quarterly, or more frequently if a triggering event occurs under ASC 360-10-35. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets at least annually in accordance with ASC 740-10-30-5(e), and may determine that it is more-likely-than-not that a portion, or all, of the assets would require a valuation allowance. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on all outstanding deferred tax assets in the amount of $16.8 million. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance for the amount of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in other operating expenses. Retirement Benefits Effective January 1, 2020 the Defined Benefit Plan adopted by the Company was amended to freeze the plan, eliminating all future benefit accruals. In August, 2021, the Company announced its intent to withdraw from the DB Plan, effective September 30, 2021. The withdrawal was completed on December 1, 2021. The Company recorded a termination expense of $11.2 million. The Company provides certain healthcare benefits, subject to certain limitations, to eligible retirees, based upon years of service and a retirement date prior to January 1, 2019. The Company also provides supplemental retirement benefits to certain directors. The Company measures the cost of these benefits based upon various estimates and assumptions. Costs are recognized as directors render service. Employee Stock Ownership Plan The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares reduce retained earnings; dividends on unearned ESOP shares reduce the ESOP’s debt and accrued interest. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on both securities available for sale and derivatives, net of the related tax effect. Also included are changes in the unfunded status of the Company’s defined benefit plans, net of the related tax effect, which are recognized as separate components of shareholders’ equity. Loss Contingencies Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Earnings per share Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unallocated ESOP shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. ESOP shares committed to be released are considered to be outstanding for purposes of the earnings per share computation. ESOP shares that have not been legally released, but that relate to employee services rendered during an accounting period (interim or annual) ending before the related debt service payment is made, are considered committed to be released. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options awards and are determined using the treasury stock method. Segment Reporting The Company operates as a single operating segment for financial reporting purposes. Adoption of New Accounting Standards No new accounting standards were adopted during the year ended December 31, 2021. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted As an “emerging growth company” as defined in Title 1 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act prior to December 31, 2019, the Company elected to use the extended transition period to delay the adoption of new or reissued accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements were made applicable to private companies. The FASB issued, but the Company has not yet adopted, ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” to replace the incurred loss model for loans and other financial assets with an expected loss models, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized costs, including loan receivables and held-to maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in certain leases recognized by a lessor. In addition, the amendments in Topic 326 require credit losses on available-for-sale to be presented as a valuation allowance rather than a direct write-down on the basis of the securities. The Company is required to adopt this standard on January 1, 2023. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the impact that the adoption of CECL will have on the financial statements, but is in process of developing a methodology to implement the standard.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Blue Foundry Bancorp (the “Company”), and its wholly owned subsidiary, Blue Foundry Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Blue Foundry Service Corp., Rutherford Center Development Corp., Blue Foundry Investment Company (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Blue Foundry Bancorp owns 100% of the common stock of Blue Foundry Bank.

The Company provides a wide range of banking services to individual and business customers through branch offices in New Jersey. The Company is subject to competition from other financial institutions and to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies, and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.

On July 15, 2021, the Company became the holding company for the Bank when Blue Foundry, MHC completed its conversion into the stock holding company form of organization. In connection with the conversion, the Company sold 27,772,500 shares of common stock at a price of $10 per share, for gross proceeds of $277.7 million. The Company contributed 750,000 shares of common stock and $1.5 million in cash to Blue Foundry Charitable Foundation, Inc. and established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) acquiring 2,281,800 shares of common stock. Shares of the Company’s common stock began trading on July 16, 2021 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol “BLFY.”

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The audited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statement of financial condition and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity. The results of operations and other data presented for the year ended December 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for subsequent periods.

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Securities to be held for indefinite periods of time and not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities available for sale are excluded from earnings with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax adjusted for deferred tax valuation allowances, until realized. Securities available for sale are those which management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy and which may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk and other factors related to interest rate risk. Gains and losses on sales are recognized on a trade-date basis using the specific identification method.

Premiums on securities are amortized to income using a method that approximates the interest method over the remaining period to the earliest call date or contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Discounts on securities are accreted to income over the remaining period to the contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on, at least, a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: (1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and (2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

At the inception of a derivative contract, the Company designates the derivative as one of three types based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), or (3) an instrument with no hedging designation (“stand-alone derivative”). For a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item, are recognized in current earnings as fair values change. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For both types of hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as non-interest income. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 the Company’s derivatives are all cash flow hedges.

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged.

The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to a specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions.

When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest income. When a fair value hedge is discontinued, the hedged asset or liability is no longer adjusted for changes in fair value and the existing basis adjustment is amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the asset or liability. When cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.

The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements. All the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly or quarterly. In addition, the Company obtains collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its hedges for each counterparty based upon their credit standing and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business.

GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Restricted Stock consists primarily of membership and activity-based shares in the FHLB. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors. FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. Restricted stock also consists of shares in a cooperative that provides community banking core technology solutions, COCC.

Loans receivable are stated at unpaid principal balance, net of deferred fees, costs, and discounts, and the allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is recognized based upon the principal amount outstanding. Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized in interest income using the level yield method over the contractual life of the individual loans, adjusted for actual prepayments.

For all loan classes, the accrual of income on loans, including impaired loans, is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or when certain factors indicate reasonable doubt as to the ability of the borrower to meet contractual principal and/or interest obligations. Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. All previously accrued interest is reversed and income is recognized subsequently only in the period received, provided the remaining principal balance is deemed collectible. A nonaccrual loan is not returned to an accrual status until principal and interest payments are brought current and factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist.

Principal and interest payments received on non-accrual loans for which the remaining principal balance is not deemed collectible are applied as a reduction to principal and interest income is not recognized. If the principal balance on the loan is later deemed collectible and the loan is returned to accrual status, any interest payments that were applied to principal while on non-accrual are recorded as an unearned discount on the loan, classified as deferred fees, costs and discounts, and are recognized into interest income using the level-yield method over the remaining contractual life the individual loan, adjusted for actual prepayments.

The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable and reasonably estimable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required for all portfolio segments using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component of the allowance relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the

significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance (generally $400,000 or less) homogeneous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment. Impaired loans also include all nonaccrual non-residential, multifamily and construction and land loans, and troubled debt restructurings.

Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been modified such that a concession has been granted because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Modifications could include extension of the terms of the loan, reduced interest rates, and forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. Once an obligation has been classified a troubled debt restructuring, it continues to be considered a troubled debt restructuring and is individually evaluated for impairment until paid in full. For a cash flow dependent loan, the Company records an impairment charge equal to the difference between the present value of the estimated future cash flows under the restructured terms discounted at the loans original effective interest rate, and the original loan’s carrying amount. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company records an impairment when the current estimated fair value, net of estimated costs to sell when necessary, of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan.

The general component of the allowance covers non impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is a quantitative factor determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company. The qualitative factors include consideration of the following:

The loan portfolio is categorized according to collateral type, loan purpose, lien position, or borrower type (i.e., commercial, consumer). The categories used include residential one-to-four family, multifamily, non-residential, construction and land, junior liens, commercial and industrial (consisting primarily of Paycheck Protection Program, or “PPP”, loans), and consumer and other.

REO consists of properties acquired in foreclosure actions or in settlement of loans and real estate held for investment purposes. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Real estate acquired in foreclosure, or in lieu thereof, is initially recorded at fair value, as generally determined by

When a property is acquired and there is a collateral deficiency, the excess of the loan balance over fair value is charged off through the allowance for loan losses. In instances where the fair value exceeds the loan balance, a recovery to the allowance for loan losses is recorded up to an amount equal to any previous charge-offs taken on the loan, with any excess remaining recorded as a gain on REO through the statement of operations. Subsequent costs directly related to the completion of construction or improvement of the real estate are capitalized to the extent realizable. Carrying costs, such as maintenance and taxes, are charged to operations as incurred. In addition, rental income collected on REO is recognized as income when received.

The Company evaluates its real estate held for investment based upon projected future cash flows of the underlying properties. Based upon the projected future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the real estate is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.

Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are generally stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, amortization and fair value adjustments. Depreciation and amortization is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or leases. Repair and maintenance items are expensed and improvements are capitalized. Construction in process represents costs incurred to develop properties for future use.

The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for financial centers, administrative and office operations locations, and information technology equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one to 15 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. The Company’s leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on the Company’s balance sheet.

Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors.

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key individuals. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Goodwill resulting from business combinations represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets of the businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exists that indicate that an impairment test should be performed. For the year ended December 31, 2020, goodwill of $15.5 million was impaired based on a multi-factor

quantitative assessment which resulted in the carrying amount of goodwill exceeding its fair value. After the 2020 impairment, there is no remaining goodwill. Intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 represent capitalized costs related to internal-use software. Eligible costs are capitalized according to ASC 350-40 and are amortized over the estimated useful life. Intangible assets are considered for potential impairment quarterly, or more frequently if a triggering event occurs under ASC 360-10-35.

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets at least annually in accordance with ASC 740-10-30-5(e), and may determine that it is more-likely-than-not that a portion, or all, of the assets would require a valuation allowance. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on all outstanding deferred tax assets in the amount of $16.8 million.

The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance for the amount of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Effective January 1, 2020 the Defined Benefit Plan adopted by the Company was amended to freeze the plan, eliminating all future benefit accruals. In August, 2021, the Company announced its intent to withdraw from the DB Plan, effective September 30, 2021. The withdrawal was completed on December 1, 2021. The Company recorded a termination expense of $11.2 million.

The Company provides certain healthcare benefits, subject to certain limitations, to eligible retirees, based upon years of service and a retirement date prior to January 1, 2019. The Company also provides supplemental retirement benefits to certain directors. The Company measures the cost of these benefits based upon various estimates and assumptions. Costs are recognized as directors render service.

The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares reduce retained earnings; dividends on unearned ESOP shares reduce the ESOP’s debt and accrued interest.

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on both securities available for sale and derivatives, net of the related tax effect. Also included are changes in the unfunded status of the Company’s defined benefit plans, net of the related tax effect, which are recognized as separate components of shareholders’ equity.

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unallocated ESOP shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. ESOP shares committed to be released are considered to be outstanding for purposes of the earnings per share computation. ESOP shares that have not been legally released, but that relate to employee services rendered during an accounting period (interim or annual) ending before the related debt service payment is made, are considered committed to be released. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options awards and are determined using the treasury stock method.

As an “emerging growth company” as defined in Title 1 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act prior to December 31, 2019, the Company elected to use the extended transition period to delay the adoption of new or reissued accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements were made applicable to private companies.