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Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies
This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies have been consistently applied in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

(a) Basis of presentation

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of cash flows and of members’/stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in management’s opinion, include all adjustments necessary to state fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company. All adjustments made were of a normal recurring nature. The results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021, or for any future period.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. There have been no significant changes to these policies that have had a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our final IPO prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on July 1, 2021.

(b) Basis of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Integral Ad Science Holding Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(c) Use of estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the allocation of purchase price consideration in the business combination and the related valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, the estimated useful lives of our property and equipment, intangible assets and internal use software, the allowance for doubtful accounts, and goodwill impairment testing; the assumptions used to calculate stock-based compensation; and the realization of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on past experience, market conditions, and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, and the Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, the macroeconomic environment in the U.S. and globally, as well as the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In the quarters subsequent to the second quarter of 2020, the underlying demand for the Company’s services has stabilized. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of COVID-19, it is reasonably possible that it could still materially impact the Company’s estimates, particularly those noted above that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in the near to medium term. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on numerous evolving factors that the Company may not be able to accurately predict, including the duration of the pandemic, new variants and their effects, vaccination rates and effectiveness, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic, macro-economic effects, such as supply chain constraints, labor shortages and inflationary pressures, and other economic and operational conditions the Company may face.

(d) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
 September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents$63,777 $51,734 
Short term restricted cash213 187 
Long term restricted cash (held in other long-term assets)2,701 2,800 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows$66,691 $54,721 
(e) Accounts receivable, net

    Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is estimated based on management’s knowledge of its customers’ financial condition, credit history, and existing economic conditions. Invoices are typically issued with net 30-days to net 90-days terms. Account balances are considered delinquent if payment is not received by the due date, and the receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. These costs are recorded in general and administrative expenses.

The activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts consists of the following as of:

 September 30, 2021September 30, 2020
Balance, beginning of period$4,257 5,843 
Additional provision764 1,647 
Receivables written off(640)(1,975)
Balance, end of period$4,381 5,515 

(f) Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company used the following assumptions in valuing its time-based service options, which vest over a period of time subject to continued employment (“Time-Based Options”) and return target options (“Return-Target Options”), which vest upon a realized cash return of the equity investment of Vista Equity Partners, the Company’s equity sponsor and funds controlled by Vista Equity Partners (“Vista”) and registration of the shares held by Vista.

Expected term — For time-based awards, the estimated expected term of options granted is generally calculated as the vesting period plus the midpoint of the remaining contractual term, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations surrounding future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. For awards subject to market and performance conditions, the expected term represents the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding.

Expected volatility — Since the Company does not have substantive trading history of its common stock, volatility is estimated based upon observed option-implied volatilities for a group of peer companies. The Company believes this is the best estimate of the expected volatility over the weighted-average expected term of its option grants.

Risk-free interest rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury instruments with terms approximately equal to the expected term of the option.

Expected dividend — The expected dividend assumption was based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company currently has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its units.

Fair value —Prior to the IPO, because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock/units, the board of directors determined the best estimate of the fair value of the Company’s option grants, based on reasonable judgment and numerous objective and subjective factors, including independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock/units, operating and financial performance, and general and industry-specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. Following the pricing of the IPO, the Company’s shares are traded in the public market, and accordingly the Company uses the applicable closing price of its common stock to determine fair value.
The Company used the following assumptions in valuing its stock-based compensation:

 September 30, 2021
September 30, 2020 (1)
Estimated fair value$8.16-$14.04$2.29
Expected volatility (%)65%-80%70%-75%
Expected term (in years)3.00-10.003.25-6.63
Risk-free interest rate (%)0.46%-0.98%0.26%-0.55%
Dividend yield

(1) For issuances prior to the pricing of the IPO, the fair value of the Company’s option grants was estimated at the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model and relate to the Return-Target Options only as the Time-Based Options were not within the scope of ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

(g) Deferred offering costs

Deferred offering costs are capitalized and consist of fees incurred in connection with our IPO and include legal, accounting, printing, and other IPO-related costs. Upon the completion of our IPO, which occurred on July 2, 2021, these deferred costs were reclassified to members’/stockholders’ equity and recorded against the proceeds from the offering.

Deferred offering costs of $7,233 were recognized within additional paid-in capital on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021. No such costs were incurred as of December 31, 2020.

(h) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

    In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”) effective January 1, 2021, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. Most amendments within ASU No. 2019-12 are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2019-12, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU No. 2018-15”), which requires customers in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets. The guidance requires certain costs incurred during the application development stage to be capitalized and other costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages to be expensed as they are incurred. Capitalized implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract will be amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, beginning when the module or component of the hosting arrange is ready for its intended use. A customer’s accounting for the hosting component of the arrangement is not affected. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

(i) Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-4, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” (“ASU No. 2020-4”) which intends to address accounting consequences that could result from the global markets’ anticipated transition away from the use of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-4 provide operational expedients and exceptions for applying U. S GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions to affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-4 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of the reference rate reform. The optional amendments are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Company intends to elect to apply certain of the optional expedients when evaluating the impact of reference rate reform on its debt instruments that reference LIBOR.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” (“ASU No. 2016-13”) which is intended to provide more decision-useful information about expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU No. 2016-13 revises the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of losses on financial instruments, including, but not limited to accounts receivable. This guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and the update allows for a modified retrospective method of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect that adopting this guidance will have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-2”). Under ASU No. 2016-2, lessees will be required to put most leases on their balance sheets but to recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. ASU No. 2016-2 also eliminated the current real estate-specific provisions and changes the guidance on sale-leaseback transactions, initial direct costs, and lease executory costs for all entities. The updated guidance will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, entities will be required to use the modified retrospective approach for leases that exist, or are entered into, after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which allows entities to not apply the new leases standard, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption.

The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company will make a policy election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes. The other practical expedients available under the guidance are being evaluated.

The Company is evaluating the lease portfolio, process, control and policy change requirements. The Company's evaluation of these requirements has progressed and the Company continues to gather the necessary data elements for the lease population. The Company does not expect the amount or classification of rent expense in its statement of condensed consolidated statements of operations to be affected by the adoption of ASU No. 2016-2. The Company expects that the primary effect of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-2 will be the recognition of a right-of-use asset and lease liability to reflect the Company's rights and obligations under its operating leases. The Company will also be required to provide the additional disclosures stipulated in ASU No. 2016-2.

The adoption of ASU No. 2016-2 will not have an impact on the leverage calculation set forth in the agreements governing the outstanding debt of the Company, because the leverage calculations are not affected by the liability that will be recorded upon adoption of the new standard. The Company is continuing to evaluate the potential impacts that adopting this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financials and expects the adoption of ASU No. 2016-2 will have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet.