10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the period ended March 31, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                   to

Commission File Number: 001-40206

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	85-2002883
(State of or other Jurisdiction Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2701 East Grauwyler Road Irving, Texas	75061
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (844) 935-2832

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share	XBP	The Nasdaq Global Market
Redeemable warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50	XBPEW	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
			Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☒ Yes ☐ No

As of May 8, 2024, the Registrant had 30,166,102 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)	7
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	39
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	40
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	40
Item 1A. Risk Factors	40
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	40
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 5. Other Information	41
Item 6. Exhibits	42
Signatures	43

2

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,501	$	6,905
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,489 and $1,272, respectively		30,945		30,795
Inventories, net		4,738		4,740
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		8,488		7,427
Total current assets		47,672		49,867
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $42,840 and $42,990, respectively		13,338		13,999
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		6,940		6,865
Goodwill		22,383		22,910
Intangible assets, net		1,285		1,498
Deferred income tax assets		6,686		6,861
Other noncurrent assets		831		739
Total assets	$	99,135	$	102,739
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	15,599	$	14,414
Related party payables		11,766		13,350
Accrued liabilities		23,319		24,742
Accrued compensation and benefits		16,288		16,583
Customer deposits		329		536
Deferred revenue		6,403		6,004
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		538		638
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,950		1,941
Current portion of long-term debts		4,650		3,863
Total current liabilities		80,842		82,071
Related party notes payable		1,518		1,542
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		12,607		12,763
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		8		23
Pension liabilities		11,627		12,208
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		5,178		5,065
Other long-term liabilities		1,563		1,635
Total liabilities	$	113,343	$	115,307
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		—		—
Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 160,000,000 shares authorized; 30,166,102 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		30		30
Accumulated deficit		(13,547)		(11,339)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(1,138)		(1,416)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		447		157
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss		(691)		(1,259)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(14,208)		(12,568)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	99,135	$	102,739

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue, net	$	40,284	$	42,778
Related party revenue, net		66		23
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		30,396		33,290
Related party cost of revenue		18		51
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		7,946		8,414
Related party expense		962		1,165
Depreciation and amortization		957		910
Operating profit (loss)		71		(1,029)
Other expense (income), net
Interest expense, net		1,427		1,253
Related party interest income, net		19		45
Foreign exchange losses, net		832		279
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(37)		—
Pension income, net		(422)		(192)
Net loss before income taxes		(1,748)		(2,414)
Income tax expense		460		92
Net loss	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.07)	$	(0.11)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments		278		(194)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains (losses), net of tax		290		(90)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(1,640)	$	(2,790)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

								Accumulated Other
								Comprehensive Loss
										Unrealized
								Foreign		Pension
								Currency		Actuarial
	Common Stock			Additional		Net Parent		Translation		Losses,		Accumulated		Total
	Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Investment		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at December 31, 2022	—	$	—	$	—	$	(5,845)	$	(17,789)	$	(3,298)	$	—	$	(26,932)
Net loss January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023	—		—		—		(2,506)		—		—		—		(2,506)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(194)		—		—		(194)
Net unrealized pension actuarial losses, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(90)		—		(90)
Balances at March 31, 2023	—	$	—	$	—	$	(8,351)	$	(17,983)	$	(3,388)	$	—	$	(29,722)

								Accumulated Other
								Comprehensive Loss
										Unrealized
								Foreign		Pension
								Currency		Actuarial
	Common Stock			Additional		Net Parent		Translation		Gains,		Accumulated		Total
	Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Investment		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at December 31, 2023	30,166,102	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	(1,416)	$	157	$	(11,339)	$	(12,568)
Net loss January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	—		—		—		—		—		—		(2,208)		(2,208)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		278		—		—		278
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		290		—		290
Balances at March 31, 2024	30,166,102	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	(1,138)	$	447	$	(13,547)	$	(14,208)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

6

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		776		814
Amortization of intangible assets		181		130
Credit loss expense		217		29
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(37)		—
Unrealized foreign currency losses		759		592
Change in deferred income taxes		44		45
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(1,160)		2,114
Inventories		(102)		323
Prepaid expense and other assets		(1,342)		(822)
Accounts payable		1,463		(2,488)
Related parties payable		(1,711)		(1,473)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(791)		(2,416)
Deferred revenue		492		1,550
Customer deposits		(191)		(639)
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,610)		(4,747)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(385)		(622)
Net cash used in investing activities		(385)		(622)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings under secured borrowing facility		37		32,080
Principal repayment on borrowings under secured borrowing facility		—		(31,325)
Principal payments on long-term obligations		(235)		(225)
Proceeds from Secured Credit Facility		976		—
Principal payments on finance leases		(100)		(196)
Net cash provided by financing activities		678		334
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(87)		(158)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,404)		(5,193)
Cash and equivalents, beginning of period		6,905		7,473
Cash and equivalents, end of period	$	3,501	$	2,280
Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received		(16)		493
Interest paid		534		433

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

1.General

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”, “XBP Europe”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of businesses. The Company’s name — “XBP” — stands for “exchange for bills and payments” and reflects the Company’s strategy to facilitate connections between buyers and suppliers to optimize clients’ bills and payments and related digitization processes. XBP believes its business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company provides business process management solutions with proprietary software suites and deep domain expertise, serving as a technology and operations partner for its clients’ strategic journeys and streamlining their complex, disconnected payment processes. The Company serves over 2,000 clients across Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). The Company’s client relationships span multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance, and the public sector. The Company is able to deploy its solutions to clients in any EMEA market due to its cloud-based structure. Its physical footprint spans 15 countries with 32 locations.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the below notes and the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the XBP Europe annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2023 Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 1, 2024 and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in our opinion include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Merger/Business Combination with CF Acquisition Corp. VIII

The Company was a special purpose acquisition company called CF Acquisition Corp. VIII (“CF VIII”) prior to the closing of a business combination (the “Business Combination”) on November 29, 2023. Pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”) whereby XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and an indirect subsidiary of Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ETI”), became a wholly owned subsidiary of CFV III. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from CF VIII to “XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.” . The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under this method of accounting, CF VIII was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes with XBP Europe surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CF VIII.

8

2.Reverse Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1, on November 29, 2023, the Company consummated a business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Business Combination was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, XBP Europe was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and CF VIII was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of XBP Europe issuing stock for the net assets of CF VIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. XBP Europe has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

● XBP Europe pre-combination stockholder has the majority of the voting power in the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe’s stockholder has the ability to appoint a majority of the Company’s board of directors;

● XBP Europe’s management team is the management team of the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe’s prior operations is comprised of the ongoing operations of the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe is the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations; and

● The post-Business Combination company has assumed XBP Europe’s operating name.

The net assets of CF VIII are stated at historical cost, with no incremental goodwill or other intangible assets recorded for the effects of the Business Combination. The consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations prior to the Business Combination are those of XBP Europe. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated.

Upon closing of the Business Combination, the Company received net proceeds of $5.2 million from the Business Combination.

Transaction costs consist of directors and officers liability insurance cost, legal and professional fees, and other fees relating to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Company incurred $3.3 million in transaction costs relating to the Merger for the year ended December 31, 2023, $0.3 million of which was recorded to additional paid-in capital and the remaining $3.0 million was expensed.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 6,249,980 Public Warrants outstanding and 385,000 Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 14 – Warrants and Note 15 – Stockholders’ Deficit for more details.

3.New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. The FASB-issued guidance clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases by requiring that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term), as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease. Additionally, leasehold improvements associated with common control leases should be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity, if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

9

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements-Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of US GAAP codification topics by aligning them with the SEC Regulation S-X or S-K, which are rules about the form and content of financial reports. The provisions of this ASU are contingent upon when the SEC removes the related disclosure provisions from Regulation S-X and S-K. This guidance is effective for the Company no later than June 30, 2027 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires retrospective disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. Additionally, it requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

4.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

The primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The variable fees are allocated to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company performs the service.

Revenue from the sale of recurring software licenses is recognized ratably over the contractual term, unless perpetual licenses are granted or a noncancelable license is granted for a nonrefundable fee, which are recognized at a point in time. Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations

10

of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and billed monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
France	$	14,227	$	17,442
Germany		12,437		10,542
United Kingdom		7,556		8,191
Sweden		3,979		4,084
Other		2,085		2,519
Total Revenue, net	$	40,284	$	42,778

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795
Deferred revenues		6,403		6,004
Customer deposits		329		536
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		256		350

Accounts receivable, net includes $11.5 million and $11.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023. We recognized revenue of $6.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

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Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. These advanced postage deposits are used to cover the costs associated with postage, with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized as services are performed.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The adjusted market approach is also used whereby the Company estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable considerations. The nature of our contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These amounts are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2024 in each of the future periods below:

(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	6,260
2025		53
2026		12
2027 and thereafter		78
Total	$	6,403

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Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in the period of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

The components of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted (B)		30,166,102		21,802,689
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.11)

5.Inventories

Inventories, net consist of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Finished goods	$	7,143	$	7,182
Allowance for obsolescence		(2,405)		(2,442)
Total inventories, net	$	4,738	$	4,740

Finished goods inventory includes of $2.4 million and $2.4 million of allowance for obsolescence as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our allowance for obsolescence is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment.

6.Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Billed receivables	$	20,892	$	20,885
Unbilled receivables		11,542		11,182
Less: Allowance for credit losses		(1,489)		(1,272)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795

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Unbilled receivables represent balances recognized as revenue that have not been billed to the customer. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may occur based on market conditions or specific client circumstances.

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (all related to accounts receivables):

(dollars in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,272
Change in the provision for expected credit losses for the period		217
Balance at March 31, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,489

7.Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:

	Expected Useful Lives	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	2024		2023
Buildings and improvements	7 – 40	$	8,967	$	9,115
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of life of improvement or lease term		696		709
Machinery and equipment	5 – 15		8,213		8,256
Computer equipment and software	3 – 8		26,198		26,763
Furniture and Fixtures	5 – 15		7,820		7,766
Finance lease right-of use assets	Shorter of life of the asset or lease term		4,284		4,380
			56,178		56,989
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(42,840)		(42,990)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	13,338	$	13,999

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $0.8 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

8.Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

	Weighted
	Average	March 31, 2024
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	2.8	$	3,076	$	(2,047)	$	1,029
Outsource contract costs	0.8		749		(493)		256
Total intangibles, net		$	3,825	$	(2,540)	$	1,285

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	Weighted
	Average	December 31, 2023
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	3.0	$	3,145	$	(1,997)	$	1,148
Outsource contract costs	1.0		768		(418)		350
Total intangibles, net		$	3,913	$	(2,415)	$	1,498

(a) Amounts include intangibles acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangibles was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the three years consists of the following:

	Estimated
	Amortization
(dollars in thousands)	Expenses
Remainder of 2024	$	538
2025		376
2026		371
	$	1,285

Goodwill

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology (See Note 18 – Segment Information).

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2024
Bills and Payments	$	10,058	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(237)	$	9,821
Technology		12,852		—		—		—		(290)		12,562
Total	$	22,910	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(527)	$	22,383

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2023
Bills and Payments	$	9,689	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	369	$	10,058
Technology		12,373		—		—		—		479		12,852
Total	$	22,062	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	848	$	22,910

9.Debt

Secured Borrowing Facility

On August 25, 2020, certain entities entered into an agreement wherein amounts due from clients were pledged to a third party, in exchange for a borrowing facility in amounts up to a total of €31.0 million (the “Secured Borrowing Facility”). The proceeds from the Secured Borrowing Facility were determined by the amounts invoiced to the Company’s clients. The amounts due from clients were recorded in accounts receivable and the amount due to the third party as a liability, presented under current portion of long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The cost of the Secured Borrowing Facility was 0.10% of newly assigned receivables with minimum of €0.1 million in

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annual fees and the Secured Borrowing Facility bore interest at Euribor rate plus 0.70% on the unpaid principal amount. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $0 and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the Secured Borrowing Facility. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility were $0.1 million.

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company factored accounts receivable invoices totaling approximately $8.8 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

2019 Credit Agreement

In October 2019, a wholly-owned UK subsidiary of XBP Europe (the “UK Subsidiary”) entered into a secured credit agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) for a £9.0 million Secured Credit Facility (the “Secured Credit Facility”) consisting of (i) a secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan B Facility”), and (iii) a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £5.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On December 21, 2022, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to affirm to extend the maturity of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. On February 9, 2023, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. The maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility has since been extended on various dates. On May 10, 2024, the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.7 million, $0.3 million, and $6.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Cashflow Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Cashflow and (ii) Debt Service defined as finance charges in addition to mandatory repayments in respect to the 2019 Credit Agreement, (b) Combined Interest Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined EBITDA to (ii) Combined Finance Charges, (c) a Combined Total Net Leverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Net Indebtedness in respect to the last day of the most recent period to (ii) EBITDA, (d) Guaranteed Intragroup Balances, (e) the Loan to Market Value defined as the Facility A Loan

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outstanding to the market value of the property in each case, as defined in the 2019 Credit Agreement. The term “Combined” refers to the UK Subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The 2019 Credit Agreement and indenture governing the Secured Credit Facility contains limitations on the ability of the UK subsidiary to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on: (i) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments (ii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iii) acquisition of a company, (iv) enter a joint venture, (v) or effect a dormant subsidiary to commence trading or cease to satisfy the criteria of a dormant subsidiary.

The UK Subsidiary’s obligations under the 2019 Credit Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of its existing and future direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries. The 2019 Credit Agreement and the 2023 Committed Facility Agreement (defined below) contain cross default provisions which relate to the UK Subsidiary and its subsidiaries, but not any other entities within the consolidated group.

At inception, borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% per annum for the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility respectively. Effective October 29, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3%. Effective December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 2% and 2.5%, respectively.

In June 2020, the UK Subsidiary entered into an amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement, to provide an additional aggregate principal amount of £4.0 million under a credit agreement (the “Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility” or “2020 Credit Agreement”) together with Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”). At the inception of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, the borrowing bore an interest rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 3.5% per annum. Effective March 31, 2023, borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.5%.

The maturity of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility has since been extended on various dates subject to compliance with financial covenants. On May 10, 2024 the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $7.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $11.3 million in outstanding principal balance and less than $0.1 million available for additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities to the extent the Company’s compliance with financial covenants permits such borrowings.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements.

2022 Committed Facility Agreement

In May 2022, the UK Subsidiary entered into a committed facility agreement (the “2022 Committed Facility Agreement”), which includes a term loan for £1.4 million to be used in refinancing a property owned by XBP Europe in Dublin, Ireland (the “Property”). At inception of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, the borrowing bore an interest rate equal to 3.5% per annum in addition to the Bank of England Base Rate. The maturity of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement is May 2027. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement had an outstanding balance of $1.5 million.

The 2022 Committed Facility Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Debt Service Coverage Ratio, which measures the cashflow less dividends, net capital expenditure, and taxation relative to the debt service for that relevant period, (b) interest cover, which measures EBITDA relative to the aggregate of (i) interest charges and (ii) interest element of finance leases in any relevant period, (c) Total Net Debt to EBITDA, which measures the total net debt relative to EBITDA for any relevant period, and (d) loan to market value,

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which measures the loan as a percentage of the aggregate market value of The Property. The term “Combined” refers to the UK subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, including any financial covenants pertaining to its financing arrangements. The Company continually monitors its compliance with such covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next twelve months; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future.

Debt Outstanding

As of March 31, 2024, and 2023, the following debt instruments were outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Term loan	$	3,518	$	3,785
Revolvers		13,627		12,767
Secured borrowings under Securitization Facility		112		74
Total debt		17,257		16,626
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		4,650		3,863
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	12,607	$	12,763

As of March 31, 2024, maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity
Remainder of 2024	$	4,650
2025		11,503
2026		177
2027		927
Total debt		17,257
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		14
Total maturities of long-term debt	$	17,243

10.Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from continuing operations.

The Company’s ETR of (26.3) % for three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s ETR of (5.10) % differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

As of March 31, 2024, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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11.Employee Benefit Plans

U.K. Pension Plan

Two of our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom provide pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or March 31, 2015. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets relate solely to the UK plan and are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (15 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles.

German Pension Plan

XBP Europe’s subsidiaries in Germany, Exela Technologies ECM Solutions GmbH, provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

Norway Pension Plan

Our subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

Asterion Pension Plan

In 2018, Exela Technologies Holding GmbH (through the Asterion Business Combination), acquired the obligation to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company had actuarial gain of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $1.3 million for each period.

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Pension and Postretirement Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Service cost	$	9	$	10
Interest cost		744		749
Expected return on plan assets		(729)		(667)
Amortization
Amortization of prior service cost		—		88
Amortization of net loss		307		385
Net periodic benefit cost	$	331	$	565

The Company records pension interest cost within interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within pension income, net. Service cost is recorded within cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

XBP Europe’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0 and $0.6 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company has a plan to fund the pension plans with the required contributions for 2024 based on current plan provisions.

12.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Company Subsidiary Litigation

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of XBP Europe related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on June 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023 and November 14, 2023.

In March 2023, 67 claimants (after the in principle settlement was agreed with the first 4 claimants) filed an application for summary proceedings in respect of part of the claim for a total claim of $1.1 million. The summary proceedings hearing was held on April 11, 2023 and the court issued its decision on May 9, 2023 upholding all of the plaintiffs’ claims for a total amount of $1.1 million, however the court’s decision does not increase the Company’s anticipated exposure for the overall claim.

The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal), the appeal hearing was scheduled for March 7, 2024 and was rescheduled for April 8, 2024 and subsequently to June 3, 2024.

The substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision is expected at the end of June 2024.

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The Company is in discussions with plaintiff’s counsel and has reached a number of in principle settlements with a certain number of claimants. The settlement negotiations for the remaining claimants are ongoing simultaneously with the court proceedings although there is no certainty the in principle settlements or ongoing negotiations will result in settlement agreements. The Company accrued $2.2 million and $2.2 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

Contract-Related Contingencies

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

13.Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of the Company’s loans and receivables under the factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company are equal to the carrying values. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined the fair value of Private Warrants’ liability as less than $0.1 million, included in the other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under Level 3 fair value measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Private Warrants liability are assumptions related to the inputs of exercise price, fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility, and expected dividend yield. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the fair value.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	50
Change in the fair value of the private warrants liability		(37)
Balance at end of period	$	13

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14.Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had the following common stock warrants outstanding:

	Warrants	Exercise  Price	Issuance Date	Expiration
Private Placement Warrants	135,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Forward Purchase Warrants	250,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Public Warrants	6,249,980	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Total	6,634,980

Public Warrants

The Public Warrants qualify for the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 and are therefore classified as equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. They may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years from the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants if the price per share of common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 (except as described with respect to the Private Placement Warrants and Forward Purchase Warrants):

● in whole and not in part;

● at a price of $0.01 per Warrant;

● upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrantholder; and

● if, and only if, the closing price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted) for any of 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing once the Warrants become exercisable and ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrantholders.

If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification.

Private Warrants

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by Cantor or any Permitted Transferees, as applicable, the Private Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination, and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company,

Upon exercise of each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants, the exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock.

15.Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 160,000,000 shares of Common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of Common Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share

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of the Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock will not have cumulative voting rights. As of March 31, 2024, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

16.Restructuring

The Company periodically takes actions to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with rationalizing the cost structure of the Company. The Company’s footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in approved plans for reductions in force.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions.

The Company’s restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	5,454	$	2,036
Restructuring charges		—		4,484
Payment of benefits		(841)		(1,066)
Balance at end of the period	$	4,613	$	5,454

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the current portion of the restructuring liability was $4.6 million and $5.5 million respectively, and was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

17.Related Parties

The components of related party expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Related party shared services	$	744	$	907
Related party royalty		—		130
Related party service fee		218		128
Total related party expense	$	962	$	1,165

Historically, the Company has been managed and operated in the ordinary course of business with other affiliates of ETI. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to the Company and reflected as expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sales of Products and Services

During the historical periods presented, the Company sold products and services to non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. Revenue, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations include sales to affiliates of ETI of $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Purchases

During the historical periods presented, the Company purchased high-speed scanners and related products from non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. These purchases totaled $0 and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Shared Service Center Costs

The historical costs and expenses reflected in our financial statements include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between XBP Europe and subsidiaries of ETI, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented.

The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses incurred pursuant to the Services Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and are included in the related party expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In the opinion of management of ETI and the Company, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company during 2024 and 2023. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had the Company operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from unaffiliated entities. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

Royalty Expenses

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, charged royalty fees for allowing the Company to use tradenames and trademarks owned by subsidiaries of ETI. The Company incurred royalty expense of $0 and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in related party expense within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Service Fee

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of ETI provided management services to the Company in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to the Company. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated when the Merger Agreement was entered into and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred total fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note Receivable

The Company entered into an Intercompany Loan Agreement with an affiliate of ETI on January 1, 2016, where the Company agreed to lend up to €20 million to the affiliate. The related party note receivable had a six year term with the option to extend for an additional one year term and bore annual interest of 9.5%, due at the end of the term. On January 1, 2023, the Company amended its Intercompany Loan Agreement, extending the maturity of the Intercompany Loan Agreement to March 31, 2024. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party note receivable was eliminated at Closing against related party payables with a residual amount recorded to additional paid-in capital. No related party note receivable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included $0 and $0.3 million of related party interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Notes Payable

The Company entered into three Intercompany Loan Agreements with an affiliate of ETI, in September 2009 and May 2010, whereby the affiliate of ETI agreed to lend up to £9.3 million to the Company (“related party notes payable”). The related party notes payable which were denominated in Great British pounds accrued interest daily at the one-month LIBOR rate for United States dollar deposits in the London interbank market plus four percentage points. These notes had an original maturity date of one year (which was extended by the lender for one additional year on each anniversary of the notes) and were assigned by the lender to another affiliate of ETI and amended with an effective date of December 1, 2012. The amendment amended (a) the interest rate to a fixed rate of 4% plus LIBOR for the remainder of 2012, 12% for 2013 and 13.5% thereafter, (b) extended the term of the agreement to March 31, 2024, and (c) denominated the notes in United States dollars. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party notes payable were eliminated at closing with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. As a result, no related party notes payable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included related party interest expense of $0 and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the related party interest expense, net.

Further, the Company entered into another four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 0.0%, due at the end of the term. The condensed consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million new related party notes payable as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included less than $0.1 million, of related party interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 in the related party interest income, net.

18.Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology.

Bills and Payments

The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. It offers automation of Accounts Payable (“AP”) and Accounts Receivables (“AR”) processes and through its platform, XBP, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Technology

The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

The chief operating decision maker reviews segment profit to evaluate operating segment performance and determine how to allocate resources to operating segments. “Segment profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company does not allocate Selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and foreign exchange losses, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by

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operating segments are not presented. A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.

	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million)	$	28,874	$	11,476	$	40,350
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.0 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		25,317		5,097		30,414
Segment profit		3,557		6,379		9,936
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						7,946
Related party expense						962
Depreciation and amortization						957
Interest expense, net						1,427
Related party interest income, net						19
Foreign exchange losses, net						832
Changes in fair value of warrant liability						(37)
Pension income, net						(422)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(1,748)

	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.0 million)	$	33,568	$	9,233	$	42,801
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.1 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		28,725		4,616		33,341
Segment profit		4,843		4,617		9,460
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						8,414
Related party expense						1,165
Depreciation and amortization						910
Interest expense, net						1,253
Related party interest income, net						45
Foreign exchange losses, net						279
Pension income, net						(192)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(2,414)

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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Among other things, the condensed consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “our,” “us,” “XBP Europe, “the Company” and similar terms are to XBP Europe Inc. and its subsidiaries before the Business Combination, and to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. following consummation of the Business Combination, except where the context requires otherwise.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “seem”, “seek”, “continue”, “future”, “will”, “expect”, “outlook” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our industry, future events, estimated or anticipated future results and benefits, future opportunities for XBP Europe, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are based on the current expectations of XBP Europe management and are not predictions of actual performance. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties regarding XBP Europe’s businesses and actual results may differ materially. The factors that may affect our results include, among others: the impact of political and economic conditions on the demand for our services; cyber incidents such as a data or security breach; the impact of competition or alternatives to our services on our business pricing and other actions by competitors; our ability to address technological development and change in order to keep pace with our industry and the industries of our customers; the impact of terrorism, natural disasters or similar events on our business; the effect of legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and internationally; the impact of operational failure due to the unavailability or failure of third-party services on which we rely; the effect of intellectual property infringement; and other factors discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) under the heading “Risk Factors”, and otherwise identified or discussed in this quarterly report. You should consider these factors carefully in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. It is impossible for us to predict new events or circumstances that may arise in the future or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report. We are not including the information provided on any websites that may be referenced herein as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this quarterly report. In addition, forward-looking statements provide our expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this quarterly report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our assessments to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

Overview

The Company is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of our clients. The Company serves over 2,000 clients of varying sizes and across multiple industries and geographies. We believe our business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company’s digital foundation was developed to deliver fully outsourced solutions to address current and evolving client needs. The Company hosts its products both on client premises and as a SaaS offering in the cloud. These offerings, along with several hybrid solutions are available to clients based on the client’s needs and preferences. When

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distributing its licenses, the Company offers a flexible model, whereby clients may choose among licenses covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options, perpetual licenses, or per user subscriptions.

The Company’s primary source of revenue stems from transactions processed by its products, including bills and payments processing and constitutes the dominant part of revenue in our larger, Bills & Payments reporting segment. Other sources of revenue include the sale of recurring software licenses and professional services, perpetual software licenses, as well as hardware solutions and related maintenance and constitute our other, Technology reporting segment. The Company offers an industry-agnostic and cross-departmental suite of products, which center around finance and accounting (“F&A”) solutions and services comprised of the XBP Platform, Request to Pay, enterprise information management, Digital Mailroom, business process management and workflow automation, and integrated communication services. The Company also offers core industry solutions for the banking and financial services sector, and has, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, rolled out a suite of Work From Anywhere (“WFA”) applications with enterprise software for connectivity and productivity to enable remote work.

The continued success of the Company’s business is driven by its people. Its operation centers are located in areas where the value proposition the Company offers is attractive relative to other local opportunities, resulting in an engaged, educated multi-lingual workforce that is able to make a meaningful global contribution from their local marketplace. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had approximately 1,500 employees (of which 175 were part-time employees) across 16 countries (14 across Europe and in Morocco as well as the U.S., where our chief executive officer and chief financial officer are located).

History

XBP Europe, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 28, 2022 to facilitate the Business Combination. On November 30, 2023, following the closing of the Business Combination, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., and its shares started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker “XBP” and its warrants started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol “XBPEW”. Together with its subsidiaries, the Company constitutes a collection of entities, which have comprised the core European business of ETI since the 1995 merger between Texas-based BancTec, Inc. and Recognition International, Inc. The Company’s subsidiaries and predecessor entities have been serving clients in the European marketplace for over 45 years. In 2018, through the acquisitions of Asterion International and Drescher Full-Service Versand, ETI further expanded its geographic and client reach across Europe.

Key Factors Affecting Company’s Business

The Company believes that its performance and future success depend upon several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges discussed in our 2023 Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Our Segments

Our two reportable segments are Bills & Payments and Technology. These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our clients based on their respective industries.

Bills and Payments: The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. The Company offers automation of AP and AR processes and through an integrated platform, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Technology: The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring and perpetual software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

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Key Performance Indicators

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

● Revenue by segment;

● Gross profit by segment; and

● Adjusted EBITDA (which is a non-GAAP financial measure).

Revenue by segment

We analyze our revenue by comparing actual monthly revenue to internal projections and prior periods across our operating segments in order to assess performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and determine whether segments are meeting management’s expectations.

Gross profit by segment

The Company defines Gross Profit as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company uses Gross Profit by segment to assess financial performance at the segment level.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement its financial data presented on a basis consistent with GAAP, this report contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company has included these non-GAAP financial measures because they are financial measures used by management to evaluate the Company’s core operating performance and trends, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. These measures exclude certain expenses that are required under GAAP. The Company excludes these items because they are non-recurring or non-cash expenses that are determined based in part on the Company’s underlying performance.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus restructuring and related expenses, related party management fee and royalties, foreign exchange gains or losses, changes in fair value of warrant liability, and non-recurring transaction costs incurred in connection with the Business Combination.

Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net income/loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by

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other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net Loss	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Income Tax Expenses		460		92
Interest expense including related party interest expense, net		1,446		1,298
Depreciation and amortization		957		910
EBITDA		655		(206)
Restructuring and related expenses(1)		332		818
Related party management fee and royalties		—		401
Foreign exchange losses, net		832		279
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(37)		—
Transaction Fees(2)		49		1,099
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,831	$	2,391

(1) Adjustment represents costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and vendor and lease termination costs.

(2) Represents transaction costs incurred as part of the Business Combination.

Key Components of Revenue and Expenses

Revenue

The Company earns revenue from transactions processed using its products and services. In addition, the Company also sells recurring and perpetual software licenses, as well as maintenance and other professional services. Licensing options are flexible and clients can purchase a license covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options and per-user subscriptions. The Company derives a majority of its revenue from transactions processing as well as from the sale of licenses and technology implementation services.

Related party revenue — Related party revenue consists of sales of the above products or services to related parties.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of revenue — Cost of revenue consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, including performance bonuses, facility costs and cost of products.

Related party cost of revenue — Related party cost of revenue consists of the cost of the products or services purchased or acquired from related parties, plus a related party transfer pricing markup.

Selling, general and administrative expenses — Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel and officers’ salaries and benefits including performance bonuses, legal and audit expenses, insurance, operating lease expenses (mainly facilities and vehicles) and other facility costs.

Related party expenses — Related party expenses primarily consist of the shared service cost, service fee, royalties and related party management fee which was replaced by the related party service fee in connection with the Business Combination.

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Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expenses consist of depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of client relationship asset.

Interest expense, net — Interest expense consists of interest related to pensions, debt, and finance leases.

Related party interest expense — Related party interest expense consists of interest incurred on amounts due to related parties.

Foreign exchange losses, net — Foreign exchange losses, net is comprised of losses and gains due to foreign currency remeasurement that are netted together for reporting purposes.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability – Changes in fair value of warrant liability represents the mark-to-market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrants issued as part of the consummation of the Business Combination. The change in fair value of Private Warrants is primarily the result of the change in the underlying stock price of our stock used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The warrant is remeasured at the end of each subsequent reporting period.

Pension income, net — Pension income, net consists of expected return on employee benefit plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and amortization of net loss.

Income tax expense — Income taxes consist primarily of income taxes related to federal, and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts its business. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets for its U.S. federal taxes and certain foreign and state taxes as the Company has concluded that it is not more likely than not that the deferred assets will be utilized.

Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three months ended March 31, 2023 (US dollars in thousands)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue:
Bills and Payments	$	28,874	$	33,568
Technology		11,476		9,233
Revenue, net		40,350		42,801
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization):
Bills and Payments		25,317		28,725
Technology		5,097		4,616
Total cost of revenues		30,414		33,341
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		7,946		8,414
Related party expense		962		1,165
Depreciation and amortization		957		910
Operating profit (loss)		71		(1,029)
Interest expense, net		1,427		1,253
Related party interest expense, net		19		45
Foreign exchange losses, net		832		279
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		(37)		—
Pension income, net		(422)		(192)
Net loss before income taxes		(1,748)		(2,414)
Income tax expense		460		92
Net loss	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)

For the purposes of trend analysis, constant currency refers to the prevailing rate of the US dollar against relevant currencies for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

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Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our net revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $2.4 million, or 5.7%, to $40.4 million (including related party revenue of $0.1 million) from $42.8 million (including related party revenue of $0.0 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2023. On a constant currency basis, net revenue declined by 7.3% or $3.1 million, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for 1.6% or $0.7 million.

Bills & Payments and Technology segments constituted 71.6%, and 28.4%, respectively, of our total net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 78.4%, and 21.6%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

Bills & Payments — Net revenue attributable to bills and payments segment was $28.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $33.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The revenue decline of $4.7 million, or 14.0%, is primarily attributable to completion of projects, lower volumes and client contract ends, offset by the positive impact of newly won business, some of which is in early stage of ramp. On a constant currency basis, revenue declined by 15.4% or $5.2 million, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for a 1.5% or $0.5 million.

Technology — For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net revenue attributable to the Technology segment increased by $2.3 million, or 24.3%, to $11.5 million from $9.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The revenue increase in the Technology segment was largely due to a higher volume of software licenses sold and an increase in technology implementation and professional services revenue, which was partially offset by lower hardware revenues and a large one-time license sale in the first quarter of 2023. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by 22.3% or $2.0 million, while a positive impact of foreign currency accounted for another 2.0% or $0.2 million.

Cost of Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the cost of revenue decreased by $2.9 million (including decrease in related party cost of $0.0 million), or 8.8%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Total cost of revenue decreased by 10.6% or $3.6 million on a constant currency basis, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency of 1.8% or $0.6 million, when compared to the cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

In the Bills & Payments segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in revenues. Costs to the Bills & Payments segment decreased by $3.4 million, or 11.9%. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at Bills & Payments segment declined by 13.7% or $3.9 million, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency of 1.8% or $0.5 million.

The cost of revenue in the Technology segment increased by $0.5 million, or 10.4%, primarily due to the change in the revenue mix within the Technology segment. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Technology segment increased by 8.5% or $0.4 million, and positive foreign currency impact accounted for 1.9% or $0.1 million.

The decrease in cost of revenues as a percent of revenue on a consolidated basis was primarily due to a decrease in cost of supplies for resale and external services. Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 75.4% of revenue compared to 77.9% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) decreased by $0.5 million, or 5.6%, to $7.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to cost optimization initiatives, resulting in reduced operating lease and facility expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. SG&A expenses remains unchanged as a percentage of revenue at 19.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to 19.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Related Party Expense

Related party expense was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by the cost optimization initiatives taken during the current period.

Depreciation and Amortization

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in total depreciation and amortization expense by $0.1 million was primarily due to an increase in amortization expense related to outsource contract costs during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, largely due to higher pension interest cost and an increase in borrowing costs due to an increase in relevant borrowing reference rates during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Related Party Interest Expense, Net

Related party interest expense, net was $19 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to related party interest expense, net of $45 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Foreign Exchange Losses, net

Foreign exchange losses were $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to foreign exchange losses of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to a higher realized exchange losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability

The change in fair value of warrant liability during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was a gain of $37 thousand. The change in fair value of warrant liability resulted from the remeasurement of the Private Warrant liability between December 31, 2023 and the end of the reporting period, March 31, 2024.

Pension Income, net

Pension income, net was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to pension income, net of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in pension income was primarily due to an increase in pension-related income recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Income Tax Expense

The Company had an income tax expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to an income tax expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in the income tax expenses for the current period is higher than the same period last year due to an increase in profitability in the Netherlands and Germany.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 cash and cash equivalents totaled $3.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

The Company currently expects to spend approximately $1.5 to $2.5 million on total capital expenditures and capitalizable contracts set-up cost over the next twelve months. The Company will continue to evaluate additional capital expenditure needs that may arise.

As of March 31, 2024, and in comparison to December 31, 2023, total debt increased by $0.6 million primarily due to an increase in the outstanding amount under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility (See “Indebtedness” below), partially offset by repayments of term loans.

The Company has utilized COVID-19 relief measures in various European jurisdictions, including permitted deferrals of certain payroll, social security and value added taxes. At the end of the first quarter 2024, the Company paid a significant portion of these deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes. The remaining balance of deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes is expected to be paid by April 2027, or later, as per deferment timeline as established by local laws and regulations.

The Company believes the current cash, cash equivalents and cash flows from financing activities are sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months. To the extent existing cash, cash from operations, and amounts available for borrowing are insufficient to fund future activities, the Company may need to raise additional capital. The Company may require funding for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, cost overruns for reasons outside of its control and it may experience slower sales than anticipated. If the Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to meet its financing requirements for the next twelve months, it may have to raise funds to allow it to continue to operate its business and execute on its business plan. The Company cannot be certain that funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all particularly given the amount of Company securities being offered, the terms of such securities and the potential duration of any offering. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact the Company’s ability to conduct business or return capital to investors. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly scale back, delay or discontinue certain businesses, restrict its operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(3,610)	$	(4,747)
Net cash used in investing activities		(385)		(622)
Net cash provided by financing activities		678		334
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(87)		(158)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(3,404)	$	(5,193)

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Operating Activities — Net cash used in operating activities was $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $1.1 million in cash used in operating activities was largely due to a lower net loss, lower outflows

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related to accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities, both of which were partially offset by lower intflows from accounts receivable and deferred revenue.

Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $0.2 million in cash used in investing activities due to reduction in additions of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The cash outflow of $0.4 million in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to additions to property, plant and equipment during the period.

Financing Activities — Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of $0.4 million in cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, partially offset by reduction in net borrowing under the securitization facility due to the entry into the Amended Factoring Agreement on September 15, 2023, which resulted in an off-balance sheet treatment of the Secured Borrowing Facility.

Indebtedness

Secured Borrowing Facility

On August 25, 2020, certain entities entered into an agreement wherein amounts due from clients were pledged to a third party, in exchange for a borrowing facility in amounts up to a total of €31.0 million (the “Secured Borrowing Facility”). The proceeds from the Secured Borrowing Facility were determined by the amounts invoiced to our clients. The amounts due from clients were recorded in accounts receivable and the amount due to the third party as a liability, presented under current portion of long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The cost of the Secured Borrowing Facility was 0.10% of newly assigned receivables with minimum of €0.1 million in annual fees and the Secured Borrowing Facility bore interest at Euribor rate plus 0.70% on the unpaid principal amount. The Company incurred interest expense of $0 and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Secured Borrowing Facility. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility were $0.1 million.

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company factored accounts receivable invoices totaling approximately $8.8 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for

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the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

2019 Credit Agreement

In October 2019, a wholly-owned UK subsidiary of XBP Europe (the “UK Subsidiary”) entered into a secured credit agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) for a £9.0 million Secured Credit Facility (the “Secured Credit Facility”) consisting of (i) a secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan B Facility”), and (iii) a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £5.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On December 21, 2022, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to affirm to extend the maturity of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. On February 9, 2023, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. The maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility has since been extended on various dates. On May 10, 2024, the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.7 million, $0.3 million, and $6.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Cashflow Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Cashflow and (ii) Debt Service defined as finance charges in addition to mandatory repayments in respect to the 2019 Credit Agreement, (b) Combined Interest Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined EBITDA to (ii) Combined Finance Charges, (c) a Combined Total Net Leverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Net Indebtedness in respect to the last day of the most recent period to (ii) EBITDA, (d) Guaranteed Intragroup Balances, (e) the Loan to Market Value defined as the Facility A Loan outstanding to the market value of the property in each case, as defined in the 2019 Credit Agreement. The term “Combined” refers to the UK Subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The 2019 Credit Agreement and indenture governing the Secured Credit Facility contains limitations on the ability of the UK subsidiary to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on: (i) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments (ii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iii) acquisition of a company, (iv) enter a joint venture, (v) or effect a dormant subsidiary to commence trading or cease to satisfy the criteria of a dormant subsidiary.

The UK Subsidiary’s obligations under the 2019 Credit Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of its existing and future direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries. The 2019 Credit Agreement and the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement (defined below) contain cross default provisions which relate to the UK Subsidiary and its subsidiaries, but not any other entities within the consolidated group.

At inception, borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% per annum for the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility respectively. Effective October 29, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 0%. Effective December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 2% and 2.5%, respectively.

In June 2020, the UK Subsidiary entered into an amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement, to provide an additional aggregate principal amount of £4.0 million under a credit agreement (the “Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility” or “2020 Credit Agreement”) together with Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”). At the inception of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, the borrowing bore an interest rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 3.5% per annum. Effective March 31, 2023, borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.5%.

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The maturity of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility has since been extended on various dates subject to compliance with financial covenants. On May 10, 2024 the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $7.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $11.3 million in outstanding principal balance and less than $0.1 million available for additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities to the extent the Company’s compliance with financial covenants permits such borrowings.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements.

2022 Committed Facility Agreement

In May 2022, the UK Subsidiary entered into a committed facility agreement (the “2022 Committed Facility Agreement”), which includes a term loan for £1.4 million to be used in refinancing a property owned by XBP Europe in Dublin, Ireland (the “Property”). At inception of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, the borrowing bore an interest rate equal to 3.5% per annum in addition to the Bank of England Base Rate. The maturity of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement is May 2027. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement had an outstanding balance of $1.5 million.

The 2022 Committed Facility Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Debt Service Coverage Ratio, which measures the cashflow less dividends, net capital expenditure, and taxation relative to the debt service for that relevant period, (b) interest cover, which measures EBITDA relative to the aggregate of (i) interest charges and (ii) interest element of finance leases in any relevant period, (c) Total Net Debt to EBITDA, which measures the total net debt relative to EBITDA for any relevant period, and (d) loan to market value, which measures the loan as a percentage of the aggregate market value of The Property. The term “Combined” refers to the UK subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, including any financial covenants pertaining to its financing arrangements. The Company continually monitors its compliance with such covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next twelve months; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future.

Changes to Covenant Ratios and Compliance

The Company is not aware of any changes in the required covenant ratio under the 2019 Credit Agreement or the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement at future compliance dates. The Company continually monitors its compliance with the covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next 12 months based on the expected future performance; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future. The Company believes there are multiple mechanisms available to the Company in case of non-compliance with the provisions of any of its debt covenants, which would ensure ongoing sufficient liquidity for the Company, including but not limited to, entering into bona fide negotiations with its lenders to amend the existing facilities as appropriate, refinancing existing credit facilities with alternative providers of capital or curing any potential breaches.

Restructuring Activities

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions. Costs and liabilities associated with management-approved restructuring activities are recognized when they are incurred. One-time employee termination costs are recognized at the time of communication to employees, unless future service is required, in which case the costs are recognized ratably over the future service period. Ongoing employee termination benefits are

37

recognized as a liability when it is probable that a liability exists and the amount is reasonably estimable. Restructuring charges are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and related liabilities are recorded within accrued compensation and benefits on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. The Company periodically evaluates and, if necessary, adjusts its estimates based on currently available information.

Potential Future Transactions

We may, from time to time, explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, certain of our stockholders have the right to demand underwritten offerings of our Common Stock. We may from time to time in the future explore, with certain of those stockholders the possibility of an underwritten public offering of our Common Stock held by those stockholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when an offering may be commenced or completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. The critical accounting policies provide a better understanding of how the Company develops its assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact the Company’s financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments and is fundamental to the Company’s results of operations. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company believes the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. Refer to "Critical Accounting Policies" contained in Part II, Item 7 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a complete discussion of critical accounting estimates. There have been no material changes to 2023 Form 10-K.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Jumpstart our Business Startups Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

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ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the Company’s market risk during the three months ended March 31, 2024. For a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risk, refer to the Company’s market risk disclosures set forth in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our management necessarily applies its judgement in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on such review and evaluation, our CEO and our CFO have concluded that as of March 31, 2024, our internal controls were not effective due to material weaknesses identified. The material weakness identified related to ineffective review controls over the financial statement closing process and order-to cash process including the review of new agreements and work orders.

In light of these material weaknesses and subsequent to the recent completion of the Business Combination, we have enhanced our review controls, added experienced people across order to cash sub-processes for managing critical control activities, and rationalized the controls framework to remove duplicate and redundant controls. We have also established a Center of Excellence (COE) by consolidating financial processes to strengthen the controls framework. The COE’s mission is to create appropriate finance structures, formalize lines of reporting and appoint competent personnel with defined roles and responsibilities to strengthen internal controls. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects. We believe our efforts will enhance our controls relating to financial reporting, but we can offer no assurance that our controls will not require additional review and modification in the future as industry accounting practice may evolve over time.

Notwithstanding such material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, our management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of our operations and our cash flows for the periods presented in this Annual Report, in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Other than as disclosed above, there was no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Subsidiary Litigation

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of the Company related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on June 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023 and November 14, 2023.

In March 2023, 67 claimants (after the in principle settlement was agreed with the first 4 claimants) filed an application for summary proceedings in respect of part of the claim for a total claim of $1.1 million. The summary proceedings hearing was held on April 11, 2023 and the court issued its decision on May 9, 2023 upholding all of the plaintiffs’ claims for a total amount of $1.1 million, however the court’s decision does not increase the Company’s anticipated exposure for the overall claim. The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal), the appeal hearing was scheduled for March 7, 2024 and was rescheduled for April 8, 2024 and subsequently to June 3, 2024.

The substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision is expected at the end of June 2024. 

The Company is in discussions with plaintiff’s counsel and has reached a number of in principle settlements with a certain number of claimants. The settlement negotiations for the remaining claimants are ongoing simultaneously with the court proceedings although there is no certainty the in principle settlements or ongoing negotiations will result in settlement agreements. The Company accrued $2.2 million and $2.2 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

Other

We are, from time to time, involved in other legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although our management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, our management believes these actions will not have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2023 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described in those Risk Factors are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

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ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5.   OTHER INFORMATION

(c) Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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PART IV

ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
* Filed or furnished herewith, as applicable.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated:	By:	/s/ Andrej Jonovic
May 13, 2024		Andrej Jonovic, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:	By:	/s/ Dejan Avramovic
May 13, 2024		Dejan Avramovic, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Andrej Jonovic, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Andrej Jonovic
		Andrej Jonovic
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Dejan Avramovic, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Dejan Avramovic
		Dejan Avramovic
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Andrej Jonovic, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.     the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.     the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Andrej Jonovic
		Andrej Jonovic
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Dejan Avramovic, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.    the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.    the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.

Date: May 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Dejan Avramovic
		Dejan Avramovic
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	May 08, 2024
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40206
Entity Registrant Name	XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	85-2002883
Entity Address, Address Line One	2701 East Grauwyler Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Irving
Entity Address State Or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75061
City Area Code	844
Local Phone Number	935-2832
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,166,102
Entity Central Index Key	0001839530
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	XBP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Redeemable warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Title of 12(b) Security	Redeemable warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for oneshare of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Trading Symbol	XBPEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,501	$ 6,905
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,489 and $1,272, respectively	30,945	30,795
Inventories, net	4,738	4,740
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,488	7,427
Total current assets	47,672	49,867
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $42,840 and $42,990, respectively	13,338	13,999
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	6,940	6,865
Goodwill	22,383	22,910
Intangible assets, net	1,285	1,498
Deferred income tax assets	6,686	6,861
Other noncurrent assets	831	739
Total assets	99,135	102,739
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	15,599	14,414
Related party payables	$ 11,766	$ 13,350
Related party payables	Related Party	Related Party
Accrued liabilities	$ 23,319	$ 24,742
Accrued compensation and benefits	16,288	16,583
Customer deposits	329	536
Deferred revenue	6,403	6,004
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	538	638
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,950	1,941
Current portion of long-term debts	4,650	3,863
Total current liabilities	80,842	82,071
Related party notes payable	1,518	1,542
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	12,607	12,763
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	8	23
Pension liabilities	11,627	12,208
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	5,178	5,065
Other long-term liabilities	1,563	1,635
Total liabilities	113,343	115,307
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)
STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 160,000,000 shares authorized; 30,166,102 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	30	30
Accumulated deficit	(13,547)	(11,339)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1,138)	(1,416)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains (losses), net of tax	447	157
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	(691)	(1,259)
Total stockholders' deficit	(14,208)	(12,568)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$ 99,135	$ 102,739

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Allowance for credit losses	$ 1,489	$ 1,272
Accumulated Depreciation	$ 42,840	$ 42,990
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock Authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock Issued	0	0
Preferred stock Outstanding	0	0
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock Authorized	160,000,000	160,000,000
Common stock Issued	30,166,102	30,166,102
Common stock Outstanding	30,166,102	30,166,102

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$ 7,946	$ 8,414
Depreciation and amortization	957	910
Operating profit (loss)	71	(1,029)
Other expense (income), net
Foreign exchange losses, net	832	279
Changes in fair value of warrant liability	(37)
Pension income, net	(422)	(192)
Net loss before income taxes	(1,748)	(2,414)
Income tax expense	460	92
Net loss	$ (2,208)	$ (2,506)
Loss per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.11)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.11)
Related Party
Revenue, net	$ 66	$ 23
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	18	51
Related party expense	962	1,165
Other expense (income), net
Interest expense (income), net	19	45
Non-related party
Revenue, net	40,284	42,778
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	30,396	33,290
Other expense (income), net
Interest expense (income), net	$ 1,427	$ 1,253

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,208)	$ (2,506)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	278	(194)
Unrealized pension actuarial gain, net of tax	290	(90)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$ (1,640)	$ (2,790)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Net Parent Investment	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	Unrealized Pension Actuarial Losses, net of tax	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022		$ (5,845)	$ (17,789)	$ (3,298)		$ (26,932)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
Net Income (Loss)		(2,506)				(2,506)
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(194)			(194)
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax				90		90
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023		$ (8,351)	(17,983)	(3,388)		(29,722)
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 30		(1,416)	157	$ (11,339)	$ (12,568)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	30,166,102					30,166,102
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
Net Income (Loss)					(2,208)	$ (2,208)
Foreign currency translation adjustment			278			278
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax				290		290
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 30		$ (1,138)	$ 447	$ (13,547)	$ (14,208)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	30,166,102					30,166,102

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,208)	$ (2,506)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	776	814
Amortization of intangible assets	181	130
Credit loss expense	217	29
Changes in fair value of warrant liability	(37)
Unrealized foreign currency (gains) losses	759	592
Change in deferred income taxes	44	45
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(1,160)	2,114
Inventories	(102)	323
Prepaid expense and other assets	(1,342)	(822)
Accounts payable	1,463	(2,488)
Related parties payable	(1,711)	(1,473)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(791)	(2,416)
Deferred revenue	492	1,550
Customer deposits	(191)	(639)
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,610)	(4,747)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(385)	(622)
Net cash used in investing activities	(385)	(622)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings under secured borrowing facility	37	32,080
Principal repayment on borrowings under secured borrowing facility		(31,325)
Principal payments on long-term obligations	(235)	(225)
Proceeds from Secured Credit Facility	976
Principal payments on finance leases	(100)	(196)
Net cash provided by financing activities	678	334
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(87)	(158)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(3,404)	(5,193)
Cash and equivalents, beginning of period	6,905	7,473
Cash and equivalents, end of period	3,501	2,280
Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received	(16)	493
Interest paid	$ 534	$ 433

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General

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

General

General

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

1.General

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”, “XBP Europe”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of businesses. The Company’s name — “XBP” — stands for “exchange for bills and payments” and reflects the Company’s strategy to facilitate connections between buyers and suppliers to optimize clients’ bills and payments and related digitization processes. XBP believes its business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company provides business process management solutions with proprietary software suites and deep domain expertise, serving as a technology and operations partner for its clients’ strategic journeys and streamlining their complex, disconnected payment processes. The Company serves over 2,000 clients across Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). The Company’s client relationships span multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance, and the public sector. The Company is able to deploy its solutions to clients in any EMEA market due to its cloud-based structure. Its physical footprint spans 15 countries with 32 locations.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the below notes and the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the XBP Europe annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2023 Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 1, 2024 and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in our opinion include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Merger/Business Combination with CF Acquisition Corp. VIII

The Company was a special purpose acquisition company called CF Acquisition Corp. VIII (“CF VIII”) prior to the closing of a business combination (the “Business Combination”) on November 29, 2023. Pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”) whereby XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and an indirect subsidiary of Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ETI”), became a wholly owned subsidiary of CFV III. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from CF VIII to “XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.” . The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under this method of accounting, CF VIII was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes with XBP Europe surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CF VIII.

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Reverse Recapitalization

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Reverse Recapitalization

Reverse Recapitalization

2.Reverse Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1, on November 29, 2023, the Company consummated a business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Business Combination was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, XBP Europe was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and CF VIII was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of XBP Europe issuing stock for the net assets of CF VIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. XBP Europe has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

● XBP Europe pre-combination stockholder has the majority of the voting power in the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe’s stockholder has the ability to appoint a majority of the Company’s board of directors;

● XBP Europe’s management team is the management team of the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe’s prior operations is comprised of the ongoing operations of the post-Business Combination company;

● XBP Europe is the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations; and

● The post-Business Combination company has assumed XBP Europe’s operating name.

The net assets of CF VIII are stated at historical cost, with no incremental goodwill or other intangible assets recorded for the effects of the Business Combination. The consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations prior to the Business Combination are those of XBP Europe. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated.

Upon closing of the Business Combination, the Company received net proceeds of $5.2 million from the Business Combination.

Transaction costs consist of directors and officers liability insurance cost, legal and professional fees, and other fees relating to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Company incurred $3.3 million in transaction costs relating to the Merger for the year ended December 31, 2023, $0.3 million of which was recorded to additional paid-in capital and the remaining $3.0 million was expensed.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 6,249,980 Public Warrants outstanding and 385,000 Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 14 – Warrants and Note 15 – Stockholders’ Deficit for more details.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

3.New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. The FASB-issued guidance clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with common control leases by requiring that leasehold improvements associated with common control leases be amortized by the lessee over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term), as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease. Additionally, leasehold improvements associated with common control leases should be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity, if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements-Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of US GAAP codification topics by aligning them with the SEC Regulation S-X or S-K, which are rules about the form and content of financial reports. The provisions of this ASU are contingent upon when the SEC removes the related disclosure provisions from Regulation S-X and S-K. This guidance is effective for the Company no later than June 30, 2027 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires retrospective disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. Additionally, it requires disclosure of the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

4.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

The primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The variable fees are allocated to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company performs the service.

Revenue from the sale of recurring software licenses is recognized ratably over the contractual term, unless perpetual licenses are granted or a noncancelable license is granted for a nonrefundable fee, which are recognized at a point in time. Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations

of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and billed monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
France	$	14,227	$	17,442
Germany		12,437		10,542
United Kingdom		7,556		8,191
Sweden		3,979		4,084
Other		2,085		2,519
Total Revenue, net	$	40,284	$	42,778

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795
Deferred revenues		6,403		6,004
Customer deposits		329		536
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		256		350

Accounts receivable, net includes $11.5 million and $11.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023. We recognized revenue of $6.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. These advanced postage deposits are used to cover the costs associated with postage, with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized as services are performed.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The adjusted market approach is also used whereby the Company estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable considerations. The nature of our contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These amounts are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2024 in each of the future periods below:

(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	6,260
2025		53
2026		12
2027 and thereafter		78
Total	$	6,403

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in the period of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

The components of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted (B)		30,166,102		21,802,689
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.11)

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventories

Inventories

5.Inventories

Inventories, net consist of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Finished goods	$	7,143	$	7,182
Allowance for obsolescence		(2,405)		(2,442)
Total inventories, net	$	4,738	$	4,740

Finished goods inventory includes of $2.4 million and $2.4 million of allowance for obsolescence as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our allowance for obsolescence is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment.

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Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

6.Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Billed receivables	$	20,892	$	20,885
Unbilled receivables		11,542		11,182
Less: Allowance for credit losses		(1,489)		(1,272)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795

Unbilled receivables represent balances recognized as revenue that have not been billed to the customer. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may occur based on market conditions or specific client circumstances.

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (all related to accounts receivables):

(dollars in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,272
Change in the provision for expected credit losses for the period		217
Balance at March 31, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,489

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net.

Property, Plant and equipment, Net

7.Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:

	Expected Useful Lives	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	2024		2023
Buildings and improvements	7 – 40	$	8,967	$	9,115
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of life of improvement or lease term		696		709
Machinery and equipment	5 – 15		8,213		8,256
Computer equipment and software	3 – 8		26,198		26,763
Furniture and Fixtures	5 – 15		7,820		7,766
Finance lease right-of use assets	Shorter of life of the asset or lease term		4,284		4,380
			56,178		56,989
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(42,840)		(42,990)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	13,338	$	13,999

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $0.8 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

8.Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:

	Weighted
	Average	March 31, 2024
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	2.8	$	3,076	$	(2,047)	$	1,029
Outsource contract costs	0.8		749		(493)		256
Total intangibles, net		$	3,825	$	(2,540)	$	1,285

	Weighted
	Average	December 31, 2023
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	3.0	$	3,145	$	(1,997)	$	1,148
Outsource contract costs	1.0		768		(418)		350
Total intangibles, net		$	3,913	$	(2,415)	$	1,498

(a) Amounts include intangibles acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangibles was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the three years consists of the following:

	Estimated
	Amortization
(dollars in thousands)	Expenses
Remainder of 2024	$	538
2025		376
2026		371
	$	1,285

Goodwill

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology (See Note 18 – Segment Information).

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2024
Bills and Payments	$	10,058	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(237)	$	9,821
Technology		12,852		—		—		—		(290)		12,562
Total	$	22,910	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(527)	$	22,383

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2023
Bills and Payments	$	9,689	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	369	$	10,058
Technology		12,373		—		—		—		479		12,852
Total	$	22,062	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	848	$	22,910

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt

Debt

9.Debt

Secured Borrowing Facility

On August 25, 2020, certain entities entered into an agreement wherein amounts due from clients were pledged to a third party, in exchange for a borrowing facility in amounts up to a total of €31.0 million (the “Secured Borrowing Facility”). The proceeds from the Secured Borrowing Facility were determined by the amounts invoiced to the Company’s clients. The amounts due from clients were recorded in accounts receivable and the amount due to the third party as a liability, presented under current portion of long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The cost of the Secured Borrowing Facility was 0.10% of newly assigned receivables with minimum of €0.1 million in

annual fees and the Secured Borrowing Facility bore interest at Euribor rate plus 0.70% on the unpaid principal amount. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred interest expense of $0 and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the Secured Borrowing Facility. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility were $0.1 million.

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company factored accounts receivable invoices totaling approximately $8.8 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

2019 Credit Agreement

In October 2019, a wholly-owned UK subsidiary of XBP Europe (the “UK Subsidiary”) entered into a secured credit agreement (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) for a £9.0 million Secured Credit Facility (the “Secured Credit Facility”) consisting of (i) a secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of £2.0 million (the “Term Loan B Facility”), and (iii) a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £5.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). On December 21, 2022, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to affirm to extend the maturity of Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. On February 9, 2023, the UK Subsidiary amended its 2019 Credit Agreement, allowing the UK Subsidiary to extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to October 31, 2024 subject to compliance with financial covenants. The maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility has since been extended on various dates. On May 10, 2024, the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.7 million, $0.3 million, and $6.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.

The 2019 Credit Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Cashflow Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Cashflow and (ii) Debt Service defined as finance charges in addition to mandatory repayments in respect to the 2019 Credit Agreement, (b) Combined Interest Coverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined EBITDA to (ii) Combined Finance Charges, (c) a Combined Total Net Leverage Ratio, which measures the ratio of (i) Combined Net Indebtedness in respect to the last day of the most recent period to (ii) EBITDA, (d) Guaranteed Intragroup Balances, (e) the Loan to Market Value defined as the Facility A Loan

outstanding to the market value of the property in each case, as defined in the 2019 Credit Agreement. The term “Combined” refers to the UK Subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The 2019 Credit Agreement and indenture governing the Secured Credit Facility contains limitations on the ability of the UK subsidiary to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on: (i) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments (ii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iii) acquisition of a company, (iv) enter a joint venture, (v) or effect a dormant subsidiary to commence trading or cease to satisfy the criteria of a dormant subsidiary.

The UK Subsidiary’s obligations under the 2019 Credit Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of its existing and future direct and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries. The 2019 Credit Agreement and the 2023 Committed Facility Agreement (defined below) contain cross default provisions which relate to the UK Subsidiary and its subsidiaries, but not any other entities within the consolidated group.

At inception, borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 2%, 2.5%, and 3% per annum for the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility respectively. Effective October 29, 2021, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3%. Effective December 31, 2021, borrowings under the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 2% and 2.5%, respectively.

In June 2020, the UK Subsidiary entered into an amendment to the 2019 Credit Agreement, to provide an additional aggregate principal amount of £4.0 million under a credit agreement (the “Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility” or “2020 Credit Agreement”) together with Revolving Credit Facility (the “Revolving Credit Facilities”). At the inception of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility, the borrowing bore an interest rate per annum equal to the LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 3.5% per annum. Effective March 31, 2023, borrowings under the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.5%.

The maturity of the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility has since been extended on various dates subject to compliance with financial covenants. On May 10, 2024 the maturity was further extended to August 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding principal balance of $7.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $11.3 million in outstanding principal balance and less than $0.1 million available for additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities to the extent the Company’s compliance with financial covenants permits such borrowings.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2019 Credit Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements.

2022 Committed Facility Agreement

In May 2022, the UK Subsidiary entered into a committed facility agreement (the “2022 Committed Facility Agreement”), which includes a term loan for £1.4 million to be used in refinancing a property owned by XBP Europe in Dublin, Ireland (the “Property”). At inception of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, the borrowing bore an interest rate equal to 3.5% per annum in addition to the Bank of England Base Rate. The maturity of the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement is May 2027. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement had an outstanding balance of $1.5 million.

The 2022 Committed Facility Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to (a) a Combined Debt Service Coverage Ratio, which measures the cashflow less dividends, net capital expenditure, and taxation relative to the debt service for that relevant period, (b) interest cover, which measures EBITDA relative to the aggregate of (i) interest charges and (ii) interest element of finance leases in any relevant period, (c) Total Net Debt to EBITDA, which measures the total net debt relative to EBITDA for any relevant period, and (d) loan to market value,

which measures the loan as a percentage of the aggregate market value of The Property. The term “Combined” refers to the UK subsidiary and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the UK Subsidiary was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2022 Committed Facility Agreement, including any financial covenants pertaining to its financing arrangements. The Company continually monitors its compliance with such covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next twelve months; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future.

Debt Outstanding

As of March 31, 2024, and 2023, the following debt instruments were outstanding:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Term loan	$	3,518	$	3,785
Revolvers		13,627		12,767
Secured borrowings under Securitization Facility		112		74
Total debt		17,257		16,626
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		4,650		3,863
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	12,607	$	12,763

As of March 31, 2024, maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity
Remainder of 2024	$	4,650
2025		11,503
2026		177
2027		927
Total debt		17,257
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		14
Total maturities of long-term debt	$	17,243

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

10.Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from continuing operations.

The Company’s ETR of (26.3) % for three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s ETR of (5.10) % differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

As of March 31, 2024, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Employee Benefit Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

11.Employee Benefit Plans

U.K. Pension Plan

Two of our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom provide pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or March 31, 2015. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets relate solely to the UK plan and are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (15 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles.

German Pension Plan

XBP Europe’s subsidiaries in Germany, Exela Technologies ECM Solutions GmbH, provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

Norway Pension Plan

Our subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

Asterion Pension Plan

In 2018, Exela Technologies Holding GmbH (through the Asterion Business Combination), acquired the obligation to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company had actuarial gain of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $1.3 million for each period.

Pension and Postretirement Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Service cost	$	9	$	10
Interest cost		744		749
Expected return on plan assets		(729)		(667)
Amortization
Amortization of prior service cost		—		88
Amortization of net loss		307		385
Net periodic benefit cost	$	331	$	565

The Company records pension interest cost within interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within pension income, net. Service cost is recorded within cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

XBP Europe’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0 and $0.6 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company has a plan to fund the pension plans with the required contributions for 2024 based on current plan provisions.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

12.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Company Subsidiary Litigation

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of XBP Europe related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on June 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023 and November 14, 2023.

In March 2023, 67 claimants (after the in principle settlement was agreed with the first 4 claimants) filed an application for summary proceedings in respect of part of the claim for a total claim of $1.1 million. The summary proceedings hearing was held on April 11, 2023 and the court issued its decision on May 9, 2023 upholding all of the plaintiffs’ claims for a total amount of $1.1 million, however the court’s decision does not increase the Company’s anticipated exposure for the overall claim.

The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal), the appeal hearing was scheduled for March 7, 2024 and was rescheduled for April 8, 2024 and subsequently to June 3, 2024.

The substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision is expected at the end of June 2024.

The Company is in discussions with plaintiff’s counsel and has reached a number of in principle settlements with a certain number of claimants. The settlement negotiations for the remaining claimants are ongoing simultaneously with the court proceedings although there is no certainty the in principle settlements or ongoing negotiations will result in settlement agreements. The Company accrued $2.2 million and $2.2 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

Contract-Related Contingencies

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Fair Value Measurement

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement

13.Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of the Company’s loans and receivables under the factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company are equal to the carrying values. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined the fair value of Private Warrants’ liability as less than $0.1 million, included in the other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under Level 3 fair value measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Private Warrants liability are assumptions related to the inputs of exercise price, fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility, and expected dividend yield. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the fair value.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	50
Change in the fair value of the private warrants liability		(37)
Balance at end of period	$	13

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Warrants

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Warrants

Warrants

14.Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had the following common stock warrants outstanding:

	Warrants	Exercise  Price	Issuance Date	Expiration
Private Placement Warrants	135,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Forward Purchase Warrants	250,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Public Warrants	6,249,980	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Total	6,634,980

Public Warrants

The Public Warrants qualify for the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 and are therefore classified as equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. They may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years from the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants if the price per share of common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 (except as described with respect to the Private Placement Warrants and Forward Purchase Warrants):

● in whole and not in part;

● at a price of $0.01 per Warrant;

● upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrantholder; and

● if, and only if, the closing price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted) for any of 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing once the Warrants become exercisable and ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrantholders.

If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification.

Private Warrants

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by Cantor or any Permitted Transferees, as applicable, the Private Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination, and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company,

Upon exercise of each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants, the exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock.

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Stockholders' Deficit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stockholders' Deficit

Stockholders' Deficit

15.Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 160,000,000 shares of Common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of Common Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share

of the Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock will not have cumulative voting rights. As of March 31, 2024, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

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Restructuring

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Restructuring

Restructuring

16.Restructuring

The Company periodically takes actions to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with rationalizing the cost structure of the Company. The Company’s footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in approved plans for reductions in force.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions.

The Company’s restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	5,454	$	2,036
Restructuring charges		—		4,484
Payment of benefits		(841)		(1,066)
Balance at end of the period	$	4,613	$	5,454

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the current portion of the restructuring liability was $4.6 million and $5.5 million respectively, and was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Related Parties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Parties

Related Parties

17.Related Parties

The components of related party expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Related party shared services	$	744	$	907
Related party royalty		—		130
Related party service fee		218		128
Total related party expense	$	962	$	1,165

Historically, the Company has been managed and operated in the ordinary course of business with other affiliates of ETI. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to the Company and reflected as expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sales of Products and Services

During the historical periods presented, the Company sold products and services to non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. Revenue, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations include sales to affiliates of ETI of $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Purchases

During the historical periods presented, the Company purchased high-speed scanners and related products from non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. These purchases totaled $0 and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Shared Service Center Costs

The historical costs and expenses reflected in our financial statements include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between XBP Europe and subsidiaries of ETI, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented.

The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses incurred pursuant to the Services Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and are included in the related party expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In the opinion of management of ETI and the Company, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company during 2024 and 2023. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had the Company operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from unaffiliated entities. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

Royalty Expenses

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, charged royalty fees for allowing the Company to use tradenames and trademarks owned by subsidiaries of ETI. The Company incurred royalty expense of $0 and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in related party expense within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Service Fee

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of ETI provided management services to the Company in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to the Company. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated when the Merger Agreement was entered into and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred total fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note Receivable

The Company entered into an Intercompany Loan Agreement with an affiliate of ETI on January 1, 2016, where the Company agreed to lend up to €20 million to the affiliate. The related party note receivable had a six year term with the option to extend for an additional one year term and bore annual interest of 9.5%, due at the end of the term. On January 1, 2023, the Company amended its Intercompany Loan Agreement, extending the maturity of the Intercompany Loan Agreement to March 31, 2024. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party note receivable was eliminated at Closing against related party payables with a residual amount recorded to additional paid-in capital. No related party note receivable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included $0 and $0.3 million of related party interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Notes Payable

The Company entered into three Intercompany Loan Agreements with an affiliate of ETI, in September 2009 and May 2010, whereby the affiliate of ETI agreed to lend up to £9.3 million to the Company (“related party notes payable”). The related party notes payable which were denominated in Great British pounds accrued interest daily at the one-month LIBOR rate for United States dollar deposits in the London interbank market plus four percentage points. These notes had an original maturity date of one year (which was extended by the lender for one additional year on each anniversary of the notes) and were assigned by the lender to another affiliate of ETI and amended with an effective date of December 1, 2012. The amendment amended (a) the interest rate to a fixed rate of 4% plus LIBOR for the remainder of 2012, 12% for 2013 and 13.5% thereafter, (b) extended the term of the agreement to March 31, 2024, and (c) denominated the notes in United States dollars. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party notes payable were eliminated at closing with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. As a result, no related party notes payable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included related party interest expense of $0 and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in the related party interest expense, net.

Further, the Company entered into another four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 0.0%, due at the end of the term. The condensed consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million new related party notes payable as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included less than $0.1 million, of related party interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 in the related party interest income, net.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Information

Segment Information

18.Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology.

Bills and Payments

The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. It offers automation of Accounts Payable (“AP”) and Accounts Receivables (“AR”) processes and through its platform, XBP, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Technology

The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

The chief operating decision maker reviews segment profit to evaluate operating segment performance and determine how to allocate resources to operating segments. “Segment profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company does not allocate Selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and foreign exchange losses, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by

operating segments are not presented. A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.

	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million)	$	28,874	$	11,476	$	40,350
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.0 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		25,317		5,097		30,414
Segment profit		3,557		6,379		9,936
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						7,946
Related party expense						962
Depreciation and amortization						957
Interest expense, net						1,427
Related party interest income, net						19
Foreign exchange losses, net						832
Changes in fair value of warrant liability						(37)
Pension income, net						(422)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(1,748)

	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.0 million)	$	33,568	$	9,233	$	42,801
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.1 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		28,725		4,616		33,341
Segment profit		4,843		4,617		9,460
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						8,414
Related party expense						1,165
Depreciation and amortization						910
Interest expense, net						1,253
Related party interest income, net						45
Foreign exchange losses, net						279
Pension income, net						(192)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(2,414)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

The primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The variable fees are allocated to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company performs the service.

Revenue from the sale of recurring software licenses is recognized ratably over the contractual term, unless perpetual licenses are granted or a noncancelable license is granted for a nonrefundable fee, which are recognized at a point in time. Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations

of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and billed monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
France	$	14,227	$	17,442
Germany		12,437		10,542
United Kingdom		7,556		8,191
Sweden		3,979		4,084
Other		2,085		2,519
Total Revenue, net	$	40,284	$	42,778

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795
Deferred revenues		6,403		6,004
Customer deposits		329		536
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		256		350

Accounts receivable, net includes $11.5 million and $11.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023. We recognized revenue of $6.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had been deferred as of January 1, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. These advanced postage deposits are used to cover the costs associated with postage, with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized as services are performed.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The adjusted market approach is also used whereby the Company estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable considerations. The nature of our contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These amounts are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2024 in each of the future periods below:

(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	6,260
2025		53
2026		12
2027 and thereafter		78
Total	$	6,403

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in the period of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

The components of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted (B)		30,166,102		21,802,689
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.11)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
France	$	14,227	$	17,442
Germany		12,437		10,542
United Kingdom		7,556		8,191
Sweden		3,979		4,084
Other		2,085		2,519
Total Revenue, net	$	40,284	$	42,778

Schedule of contract balances

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795
Deferred revenues		6,403		6,004
Customer deposits		329		536
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		256		350

Schedule of remaining performance obligations to be satisfied in future periods

(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	6,260
2025		53
2026		12
2027 and thereafter		78
Total	$	6,403

Schedule of components of basic and diluted earnings per share

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(2,208)	$	(2,506)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted (B)		30,166,102		21,802,689
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.11)

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventories

Schedule of Inventories, Net

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Finished goods	$	7,143	$	7,182
Allowance for obsolescence		(2,405)		(2,442)
Total inventories, net	$	4,738	$	4,740

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Accounts Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Billed receivables	$	20,892	$	20,885
Unbilled receivables		11,542		11,182
Less: Allowance for credit losses		(1,489)		(1,272)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	30,945	$	30,795

Schedule of changes in allowance for expected credit losses

(dollars in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,272
Change in the provision for expected credit losses for the period		217
Balance at March 31, 2024 of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,489

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net.

Schedule of property, plant and equipment, net

	Expected Useful Lives	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	2024		2023
Buildings and improvements	7 – 40	$	8,967	$	9,115
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of life of improvement or lease term		696		709
Machinery and equipment	5 – 15		8,213		8,256
Computer equipment and software	3 – 8		26,198		26,763
Furniture and Fixtures	5 – 15		7,820		7,766
Finance lease right-of use assets	Shorter of life of the asset or lease term		4,284		4,380
			56,178		56,989
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(42,840)		(42,990)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	13,338	$	13,999

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Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Schedule of intangible assets

	Weighted
	Average	March 31, 2024
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	2.8	$	3,076	$	(2,047)	$	1,029
Outsource contract costs	0.8		749		(493)		256
Total intangibles, net		$	3,825	$	(2,540)	$	1,285

	Weighted
	Average	December 31, 2023
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	3.0	$	3,145	$	(1,997)	$	1,148
Outsource contract costs	1.0		768		(418)		350
Total intangibles, net		$	3,913	$	(2,415)	$	1,498

(a) Amounts include intangibles acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions

Schedule of estimated intangibles amortization expense

	Estimated
	Amortization
(dollars in thousands)	Expenses
Remainder of 2024	$	538
2025		376
2026		371
	$	1,285

Schedule of goodwill by reporting segment

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2024
Bills and Payments	$	10,058	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(237)	$	9,821
Technology		12,852		—		—		—		(290)		12,562
Total	$	22,910	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(527)	$	22,383

	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2023
Bills and Payments	$	9,689	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	369	$	10,058
Technology		12,373		—		—		—		479		12,852
Total	$	22,062	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	848	$	22,910

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt

Schedule of debt instruments outstanding

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Term loan	$	3,518	$	3,785
Revolvers		13,627		12,767
Secured borrowings under Securitization Facility		112		74
Total debt		17,257		16,626
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		4,650		3,863
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	12,607	$	12,763

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity
Remainder of 2024	$	4,650
2025		11,503
2026		177
2027		927
Total debt		17,257
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		14
Total maturities of long-term debt	$	17,243

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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Employee Benefit Plans

Schedule of components of net periodic benefit cost

	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Service cost	$	9	$	10
Interest cost		744		749
Expected return on plan assets		(729)		(667)
Amortization
Amortization of prior service cost		—		88
Amortization of net loss		307		385
Net periodic benefit cost	$	331	$	565

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Measurement

Schedule of beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:

	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	50
Change in the fair value of the private warrants liability		(37)
Balance at end of period	$	13

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Warrants (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Warrants

Schedule of common stock warrants outstanding

	Warrants	Exercise  Price	Issuance Date	Expiration
Private Placement Warrants	135,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Forward Purchase Warrants	250,000	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Public Warrants	6,249,980	11.50	3/11/2021	11/29/2028
Total	6,634,980

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Restructuring (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Restructuring

Schedule of restructuring activity and balance of restructuring liability

	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	5,454	$	2,036
Restructuring charges		—		4,484
Payment of benefits		(841)		(1,066)
Balance at end of the period	$	4,613	$	5,454

XML

Related Parties (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Parties

Schedule of components of Related party expense

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Related party shared services	$	744	$	907
Related party royalty		—		130
Related party service fee		218		128
Total related party expense	$	962	$	1,165

XML

Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Information

Reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes

	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million)	$	28,874	$	11,476	$	40,350
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.0 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		25,317		5,097		30,414
Segment profit		3,557		6,379		9,936
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						7,946
Related party expense						962
Depreciation and amortization						957
Interest expense, net						1,427
Related party interest income, net						19
Foreign exchange losses, net						832
Changes in fair value of warrant liability						(37)
Pension income, net						(422)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(1,748)

	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.0 million)	$	33,568	$	9,233	$	42,801
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.1 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		28,725		4,616		33,341
Segment profit		4,843		4,617		9,460
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						8,414
Related party expense						1,165
Depreciation and amortization						910
Interest expense, net						1,253
Related party interest income, net						45
Foreign exchange losses, net						279
Pension income, net						(192)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(2,414)

XML

General (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) client country location	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
General
Number of clients served | client	2,000
Number of Countries | country	15
Number of Locations | location	32
Increase to foreign currency translation adjustment | $	$ (1,138)	$ (1,416)

XML

Reverse Recapitalization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Reverse Recapitalization
Common stock Outstanding	30,166,102	30,166,102
Warrants	6,634,980
Private Warrants
Reverse Recapitalization
Warrants	385,000
Public Warrants
Reverse Recapitalization
Warrants	6,249,980
CF Acquisition Corp. VIII
Reverse Recapitalization
Proceeds from Business Combination, net of transaction expenses	$ 5.2
Transaction costs	3.3
Transaction costs related to the Merger	0.3
Additional paid-in capital and remaining expense	$ 3.0

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Non-related party
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	$ 40,284	$ 42,778
France
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	14,227	17,442
Germany
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	12,437	10,542
United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	7,556	8,191
Sweden
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	3,979	4,084
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total Revenue, net	$ 2,085	$ 2,519

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Accounts receivable, net	$ 30,945	$ 30,795
Deferred revenues	6,403	6,004
Customer deposits	329	536
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract	256	350
Amounts not billed to customers (included in Accounts receivable)	11,500	11,200
Deferred revenue recognized during the period	$ 1,900	$ 6,300

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,403
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation - Period of satisfaction (in years)	1 year
Total	$ 6,260
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation - Period of satisfaction (in years)	1 year
Total	$ 53
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation - Period of satisfaction (in years)	1 year
Total	$ 12
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation - Period of satisfaction (in years)	3 years
Total	$ 78

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net loss per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Common Stock excluded in calculation of diluted net-loss per share (in shares)	6,634,980	6,634,980
Exercise of warrants sold in IPO and Private Placement (in shares)	6,634,980	6,634,980
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ (2,208)	$ (2,506)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	30,166,102	21,802,689
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	30,166,102	21,802,689
Loss Per Share - basic (in $ per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.11)
Loss Per Share - diluted (in $ per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.11)

XML

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventories
Finished goods	$ 7,143	$ 7,182
Allowance for obsolescence	(2,405)	(2,442)
Total inventories, net	4,738	4,740
Allowance for obsolescence finished goods	$ 2,400	$ 2,400

XML

Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable
Less: Allowance for credit losses	$ (1,489)	$ (1,272)
Total accounts receivable, net	30,945	30,795
Billed receivables
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivables, gross	20,892	20,885
Unbilled receivables
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivables, gross	$ 11,542	$ 11,182

XML

Accounts Receivable - Allowance for expected credit losses (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Changes in allowance for expected credit losses:
Balance of the allowance for expected credit losses, beginning	$ 1,272
Change in the provision for expected credit losses for the period	217
Balance of the allowance for expected credit losses, ending	$ 1,489

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, plant and equipment, net
Finance lease right-of use assets, gross	$ 4,284		$ 4,380
Property, plant and equipment including finance lease right-of use assets, gross	56,178		56,989
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(42,840)		(42,990)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	13,338		13,999
Depreciation expense	800	$ 800
Buildings and improvements
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 8,967		9,115
Buildings and improvements | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	7 years
Buildings and improvements | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	40 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 696		709
Machinery and equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 8,213		8,256
Machinery and equipment | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	5 years
Machinery and equipment | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	15 years
Computer equipment and software
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 26,198		26,763
Computer equipment and software | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	3 years
Computer equipment and software | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	8 years
Furniture and Fixtures
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 7,820		$ 7,766
Furniture and Fixtures | Minimum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	5 years
Furniture and Fixtures | Maximum
Property, plant and equipment, net
Expected useful lives	15 years

XML

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangibles, net
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,825		$ 3,913
Accumulated Amortization	(2,540)		(2,415)
Total intangibles, net	1,285		$ 1,498
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 181	$ 130
Customer relationships
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years)	2 years 9 months 18 days		3 years
Intangibles, net
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,076		$ 3,145
Accumulated Amortization	(2,047)		(1,997)
Total intangibles, net	$ 1,029		$ 1,148
Outsource contract costs
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years)	9 months 18 days		1 year
Intangibles, net
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 749		$ 768
Accumulated Amortization	(493)		(418)
Total intangibles, net	$ 256		$ 350

XML

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Estimated intangibles amortization expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Estimated Amortization Expenses
Remainder of 2024	$ 538
2025	376
2026	371
Total intangibles, net	$ 1,285	$ 1,498

XML

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill
Number of operating segments | segment	2
Goodwill
Beginning balance	$ 22,910	$ 22,062
Currency Translation Adjustments	(527)	848
Ending balance	22,383	22,910
Bills and payments
Goodwill
Beginning balance	10,058	9,689
Currency Translation Adjustments	(237)	369
Ending balance	9,821	10,058
Technology
Goodwill
Beginning balance	12,852	12,373
Currency Translation Adjustments	(290)	479
Ending balance	$ 12,562	$ 12,852

XML

Debt (Details) € in Millions, £ in Millions, $ in Millions					1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021	Oct. 29, 2021	Aug. 25, 2020 EUR (€)	May 31, 2022 GBP (£)	Jun. 30, 2020 GBP (£)	Oct. 31, 2019 GBP (£)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 15, 2023 EUR (€)
Secured borrowing facility
Debt
Maximum borrowing facility amount | €				€ 31.0
Cost of secured borrowing facility (in percent)				0.10%
Interest expenses								$ 0.0	$ 0.1
Outstanding balances payable under the Secured Borrowing Facility								0.1	0.1
Secured borrowing facility | Minimum
Debt
Annual fee | €				€ 0.1
Secured borrowing facility | Euro dollar
Debt
Spread on variable rate				0.70%
Amended factoring agreement
Debt
Maximum amount of accounts receivables under factoring | €										€ 15.0
Amount of account receivables factored								8.8
Loss on sale of accounts receivables								0.2
2019 credit agreement
Debt
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								11.3
2019 credit agreement | Secured borrowings under Securitization Facility
Debt
Maximum borrowing facility amount | £							£ 9.0
2019 credit agreement | Secured Term loan A debt
Debt
Aggregate principal amount | £							2.0
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								1.7	1.9
2019 credit agreement | Secured Term loan B debt
Debt
Aggregate principal amount | £							2.0
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								0.3	0.4
2019 credit agreement | Revolvers
Debt
Aggregate principal amount | £							£ 5.0
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								6.3	6.4
2019 credit agreement | Revolving working capital loan facility
Debt
Aggregate principal amount | £						£ 4.0
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								7.3	6.4
2019 credit agreement | Maximum
Debt
Available for additional borrowings								0.1
2019 credit agreement | LIBOR | Secured Term loan A debt
Debt
Spread on variable rate							2.00%
2019 credit agreement | LIBOR | Secured Term loan B debt
Debt
Spread on variable rate							2.50%
2019 credit agreement | LIBOR | Revolvers
Debt
Spread on variable rate							3.00%
2019 credit agreement | LIBOR | Revolving working capital loan facility
Debt
Spread on variable rate						3.50%
2019 credit agreement | SONIA | Secured Term loan A debt
Debt
Spread on variable rate		2.00%
2019 credit agreement | SONIA | Secured Term loan B debt
Debt
Spread on variable rate		2.50%
2019 credit agreement | SONIA | Revolvers
Debt
Spread on variable rate			3.00%
2019 credit agreement | SONIA | Revolving working capital loan facility
Debt
Spread on variable rate	3.50%
2022 committed facility agreement
Debt
Outstanding balance of credit facility amount								$ 1.5	$ 1.5
2022 committed facility agreement | Term loan
Debt
Maximum borrowing facility amount | £					£ 1.4
2022 committed facility agreement | Base Rate of Bank of England | Term loan
Debt
Spread on variable rate					3.50%

XML

Debt - Debt Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt
Total debt	$ 17,257	$ 16,626
Current portion of long-term debts	4,650	3,863
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	12,607	12,763
Term loan
Debt
Total debt	3,518	3,785
Revolvers
Debt
Total debt	13,627	12,767
Secured borrowings under Securitization Facility
Debt
Total debt	$ 112	$ 74

XML

Debt - Maturities of long-term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Maturities of long-term debt
Remainder of 2024	$ 4,650
2025	11,503
2026	177
2027	927
Total debt	17,257	$ 16,626
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	14
Total maturities of long-term debt	$ 17,243

XML

Income Taxes reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Taxes
Income tax expense	$ 460	$ 92
Effective tax rate	(26.30%)	(5.10%)
Statutory income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%

XML

Employee Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) employee subsidiary	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Employee Benefit Plans
Accumulated actuarial (gain) loss | $	$ 400		$ 200
Deferred tax benefit | $			$ 1,300
Pension Plan
Employee Benefit Plans
Employer contributions | $	$ 0	$ 600
Pension Plan | Maximum [Member]
Employee Benefit Plans
Period of historical performance achieved	20 years
Pension Plan | Minimum [Member]
Employee Benefit Plans
Period of historical performance achieved	15 years
Pension Plan | U.K. Pension Plan
Employee Benefit Plans
Number of subsidiaries which provide pension benefits | subsidiary	2
Qualifying period for employees to be eligible for pension plan prior to threshold retirement date	3 years
Number of new employees registered under plan | employee	0
Pension Plan | Asterion Pension Plan
Employee Benefit Plans
Qualifying period for employees to be eligible for pension plan prior to threshold retirement date	3 years
Number of new employees registered under plan | employee	0
Pension Plan | German Pension Plan
Employee Benefit Plans
Qualifying period for employees to be eligible for pension plan prior to threshold retirement date	10 years
Number of new employees registered under plan | employee	0
Aggregate fair value of plan assets | $	$ 0
Pension Plan | Norway Pension Plan
Employee Benefit Plans
Qualifying period for employees to be eligible for pension plan prior to threshold retirement date	3 years
Number of new employees registered under plan | employee	0

XML

Employee Benefit Plans - Net periodic benefit cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$ 9	$ 10
Interest cost	$ 744	$ 749
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Interest Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Interest Income (Expense), Nonoperating, Net	Interest Income (Expense), Nonoperating, Net
Expected return on plan assets	$ (729)	$ (667)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Expected Return (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)
Amortization of prior service cost		$ 88
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)
Amortization of net loss	$ 307	$ 385
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Amortization of Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)	Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss)
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 331	$ 565

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Company Subsidiary Litigation (Details) - Claim brought by former employees for their dismissal $ in Millions			1 Months Ended
	Nov. 10, 2023 USD ($)	May 09, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) claim	Apr. 30, 2020 location employee	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of plaintiff employees | employee				71
Number Of Production Sites Closed | location				2
Accrued Liabilities					$ 2.2	$ 2.2
Number of claimants who filed an application for summary proceedings | claim			67
Principle settlement | claim			4
Amount claimed by the claimants who filed an application for summary proceedings			$ 1.1
Settlement value decided by the court		$ 1.1
Settlement paid by the company	$ 1.1

XML

Fair Value Measurement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurement
Changes in fair value of warrant liability	$ (37)
Level 3 | Private Warrants | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement
Value of private warrants	$ 100	$ 100

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Beginning And Ending Balances of Net Assets And Liabilities (Details) - Private Warrants $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning	$ 50
Change in the fair value of the private warrants liability	$ (37)
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants
Balance, ending	$ 13

XML

Warrants - Common stock warrants outstanding (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Deficit
Warrants	6,634,980
Private Placement Warrants
Stockholders' Deficit
Warrants	135,000
Exercise price of warrants | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Forward Purchase Warrants
Stockholders' Deficit
Warrants	250,000
Exercise price of warrants | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Public Warrants
Stockholders' Deficit
Warrants	6,249,980
Exercise price of warrants | $ / shares	$ 11.50

XML

Warrants - Public Warrants and Private Warrants (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 D $ / shares shares
Public Warrants
Warrants
Exercise price of warrants | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Fractional shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares) | shares	0
Term of warrants	5 years
Warrants redemption, stock price trigger | $ / shares	$ 18.00
Warrants redemption price per warrant | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Warrants redemption, minimum number of days of notice to be given to warrant holders	30
Warrants redemption, threshold trading days	20
Warrants redemption, threshold consecutive trading days	30
Warrants redemption, threshold trading days available before notice is sent to warrant holders	3
Private Warrants
Warrants
Threshold period for not to transfer, assign or sell any of their warrants after the completion of the initial business combination	30 days

XML

Stockholders' Deficit - Narratives (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Deficit
Preferred stock Authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Preferred stock Outstanding	0	0
Common stock Authorized	160,000,000	160,000,000
Number of vote per share | Vote	1
Common stock par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock Issued	30,166,102	30,166,102
Common stock Outstanding	30,166,102	30,166,102
Common Stock
Stockholders' Deficit
Common stock Outstanding	30,166,102	30,166,102

XML

Restructuring - Schedule of restructuring activity and balance of restructuring liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring
Balance, beginning	$ 5,454	$ 2,036
Restructuring charges		4,484
Payment of benefits	(841)	(1,066)
Balance, ending	4,613	5,454
Current portion of the restructuring liability included in Accrued compensation and benefits	$ 4,600	$ 5,500

XML

Related Parties - Components of related party expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Shared Services [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	$ 744	$ 907
Royalty [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense		130
Service Fee [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	218	128
Related Party [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	$ 962	$ 1,165
Operating Cost and Expense, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	Related Party [Member]	Related Party [Member]
Related Party [Member] | Shared Services [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	$ 700	$ 900
Related Party [Member] | Royalty [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	0	100
Related Party [Member] | Service Fee [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Total related party expense	$ 200	$ 100

XML

Related Parties - Transaction Details (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Shared Services [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense	$ 744	$ 907
Royalty [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense		130
Service Fee [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense	218	128
Related Party
Related Parties
Revenue, net	100	0
Related party expense	962	1,165
Purchases	0	800
Related Party | Maximum
Related Parties
Revenue, net		100
Related Party | Shared Services [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense	700	900
Related Party | Royalty [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense	0	100
Related Party | Service Fee [Member]
Related Parties
Related party expense	$ 200	$ 100

XML

Related Parties - Notes receivable and payables (Details)				3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	123 Months Ended
	Sep. 15, 2023 loan	Sep. 04, 2023 loan	Jan. 01, 2016 EUR (€)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) loan	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2012	May 31, 2010 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2009 EUR (€)
Related Parties
Related party notes payable				$ 1,518,000			$ 1,518,000	$ 1,542,000
Related Party
Related Parties
Maximum amount agreed to be lent to related party | €			€ 20,000,000
Term of Notes Receivables			6 years
Number of years extendable			1 year
Annual Interest rate of Notes Receivable			9.50%
Related party note receivable				0			$ 0	0
Related party interest income				$ 0	$ 300,000
Related Party | Related party notes payable
Related Parties
Number of intercompany loan agreements entered | loan				3
Maximum amount agreed to be lent by related party | €										€ 9,300,000	€ 9,300,000
Additional maturity period				1 year
Related party interest expense				$ 0	$ 400,000
Related Party | Related party notes payable | LIBOR
Related Parties
Spread on variable rate				4.00%		12.00%	13.50%
Original Maturity Period				1 year
Fixed interest rate									4.00%
Related Party | New related party notes payable
Related Parties
Number of intercompany loan agreements entered | loan	1	3		4
Original Maturity Period				10 years
Related party notes payable				$ 1,500,000			$ 1,500,000	$ 1,500,000
Related party interest expense				$ 100,000
Related Party | New related party notes payable | LIBOR
Related Parties
Spread on variable rate				0.00%

XML

Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Information
Number of segments | segment	2
Segment profit	$ 9,936	$ 9,460
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	7,946	8,414
Depreciation and amortization	957	910
Foreign exchange losses, net	832	279
Changes in fair value of warrant liability	(37)
Pension income, net	(422)	(192)
Net loss before income taxes	(1,748)	(2,414)
Related and Nonrelated Parties
Segment Information
Revenue, net (including related party revenue)	40,350	42,801
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	30,414	33,341
Related Party
Segment Information
Revenue, net (including related party revenue)	100	0
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	18	51
Related party expense	$ 962	$ 1,165
Operating Cost and Expense, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	Related Party	Related Party
Interest expense (income), net	$ 19	$ 45
Non-related party
Segment Information
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	30,396	33,290
Interest expense (income), net	1,427	1,253
Operating segment | Bills & Payments
Segment Information
Segment profit	3,557	4,843
Operating segment | Bills & Payments | Related and Nonrelated Parties
Segment Information
Revenue, net (including related party revenue)	28,874	33,568
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	25,317	28,725
Operating segment | Technology
Segment Information
Segment profit	6,379	4,617
Operating segment | Technology | Related and Nonrelated Parties
Segment Information
Revenue, net (including related party revenue)	11,476	9,233
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$ 5,097	$ 4,616

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,208)	$ (2,506)

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false