UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-40046

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	86-1243837
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

210 Barton Springs Road

Suite 300

Austin, Texas

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

78704

(Zip Code)

(512) 402-5233

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	CORZQ	OTC Markets
Warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock	CRZWQ	OTC Markets

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒	Emerging growth company	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒ No ☐

As of October 30, 2023, 386,021,602 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001, were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)	7
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Contingently Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity (Unaudited)	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	11
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	13
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	68
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	69
Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	70
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	70
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	70
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	70
Item 5.	Other Information	70
Item 6.	Exhibits	71
Signatures		73

3

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

4

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par value)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets	(Unaudited)
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	42,146	$	15,884
Restricted cash	21,797		36,356
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $8,724 and $8,724, respectively	1,109		234
Accounts receivable from related parties	—		23
Digital assets	559		724
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	33,039		31,881
Assets held for sale	36,069		—
Total Current Assets	134,719		85,102
Property, plant and equipment, net	547,303		691,134
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,583		20,430
Intangible assets, net	2,448		1,704
Other noncurrent assets	14,409		9,316
Total Assets	$	705,462	$	807,686
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	45,527	$	53,641
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	55,606		17,952
Deferred revenue	63,170		77,689
Deferred revenue from related parties	—		496
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	205		769
Finance lease liabilities, current portion	19,833		—
Notes payable, current portion	128,321		36,242
Total Current Liabilities	312,662		186,789
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,047		720
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	35,909		—
Notes payable, net of current portion	679,559		—
Other noncurrent liabilities	1,158		2,210
Total liabilities not subject to compromise	1,030,335		189,719
Liabilities subject to compromise	93,853		1,027,313
Total Liabilities	1,124,188		1,217,032
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Common stock; $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 385,868 and 375,225 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	36		36
Additional paid-in capital	1,805,782		1,764,368
Accumulated deficit	(2,224,544)		(2,173,750)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit	(418,726)		(409,346)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit	$	705,462	$	807,686

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Hosting revenue from customers	$	27,020	$	35,731	$	72,245	$	94,407
Hosting revenue from related parties	2,828		9,185		10,062		22,659
Equipment sales to customers	—		7,468		—		11,391
Equipment sales to related parties	—		29,693		—		67,269
Digital asset mining revenue	83,056		80,495		278,164		323,337
Total revenue	112,904		162,572		360,471		519,063
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	24,882		44,975		64,187		119,850
Cost of equipment sales	—		27,917		—		63,993
Cost of digital asset mining	72,603		116,756		212,125		279,576
Total cost of revenue	97,485		189,648		276,312		463,419
Gross profit (loss)	15,419		(27,076)		84,159		55,644
Gain from sales of digital assets	363		11,036		2,358		25,007
Impairment of digital assets	(681)		(7,986)		(2,864)		(212,184)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(268,512)		—		(1,059,265)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		—		(59,259)
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(340)		—		(514)		(13,057)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	2,253		6,192		5,308		24,305
Sales and marketing	1,041		39		3,133		11,675
General and administrative	23,511		43,346		69,671		174,380
Total operating expenses	26,805		49,577		78,112		210,360
Operating (loss) income	(12,044)		(401,374)		5,027		(1,473,474)
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(374)		—		(21,135)		—
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		2,317		74,734
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		—		186,853
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		—		(32,985)
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		78,270		—
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(1,090)		1,478		(3,978)		4,997
Total non-operating expenses, net	28,988		22,776		55,474		233,599
Loss before income taxes	(41,032)		(424,150)		(50,447)		(1,707,073)
Income tax expense	114		10,642		347		4,398
Net loss	$	(41,146)	$	(434,792)	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)
Net loss per share (Note 11):
Basic	$	(0.11)	$	(1.23)	$	(0.13)	$	(5.38)
Diluted	$	(0.11)	$	(1.23)	$	(0.13)	$	(5.38)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	382,483		354,195		378,107		318,169
Diluted	382,483		354,195		378,107		318,169

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss	$	(41,146)	$	(434,792)	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes:
Change in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk of convertible notes measured at fair value under the fair value option, net of tax effect of $—, $—, $— and $— respectively	—		47,832		—		83,578
Total other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	—		47,832		—		83,578
Comprehensive loss	$	(41,146)	$	(386,960)	$	(50,794)	$	(1,627,893)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at July 1, 2023	379,091	$	36	$	1,790,921	$	(2,183,398)	$	(392,441)
Net loss	—	—		—		(41,146)		(41,146)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		14,861		—		14,861
Restricted stock awards issued, net of shares withheld for tax withholding obligations	7,154	—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards forfeited	(377)	—		—		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	385,868	$	36	$	1,805,782	$	(2,224,544)	$	(418,726)

Balance at January 1, 2023	375,225	$	36	$	1,764,368	$	(2,173,750)	$	(409,346)
Net loss	—	—		—		(50,794)		(50,794)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		41,414		—		41,414
Restricted stock awards issued, net of shares withheld for tax withholding obligations	11,020	—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards forfeited	(377)	—		—		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	385,868	$	36	$	1,805,782	$	(2,224,544)	$	(418,726)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Contingently Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Contingently Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at July 1, 2022	—	$	—	353,481	$	35	$	1,695,748	$	(1,304,111)	$	24,780	$	416,452
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(434,792)		—		(434,792)
Other comprehensive income, net of $— income taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		47,832		47,832
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		29,884		—		—		29,884
Restricted stock awards issued, net of shares withheld for tax withholding obligations	—	—		4,897	—		(2,349)		—		—		(2,349)
Restricted stock awards forfeited	—	—		(2,268)	—		—		—		—		—
Issuances of common stock - equity line of credit	—	—		7,315	1		13,039		—		—		13,040
Issuances of common stock - financing transaction fees	—	—		1,285	—		2,960		—		—		2,960
Balance at September 30, 2022	—	$	—	364,710	$	36	$	1,739,282	$	(1,738,903)	$	72,612	$	73,027

9

	Contingently Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2022	10,826	$	44,476	271,576	$	27	$	1,379,581	$	(27,432)	$	(10,966)	$	1,341,210
Net loss	—	—		—	—				(1,711,471)				(1,711,471)
Other comprehensive income, net of $— income taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		83,578		83,578
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		165,949		—		—		165,949
Exercise of stock options	—	—		1,321	—		3,846		—		—		3,846
Restricted stock awards issued, net of shares withheld for tax withholding obligations	—	—		39,099	4		(31,630)		—		—		(31,626)
Restricted stock awards forfeited	—	—		(2,268)	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of convertible notes	—	—		197	—		1,574		—		—		1,574
Cashless exercise of warrants	—	—		3,001	—		—		—		—		—
Issuances of common stock - equity line of credit	—	—		7,315	1		13,039		—		—		13,040
Conversion of contingently redeemable preferred stock to common stock	(10,826)	(44,476)		10,826	1		44,475		—		—		44,476
Issuances of common stock - Merger with XPDI	—	—		30,778	3		163,456		—		—		163,459
Issuances of common stock - financing transaction fees	—	—		1,285	—		2,960		—		—		2,960
Issuances of common stock - vendor settlement	—	—		1,580	—		12,674		—		—		12,674
Costs attributable to issuance of common stock and equity instruments - Merger with XPDI	—	—		—	—		(16,642)		—		—		(16,642)
Balance at September 30, 2022	—	$	—	364,710	$	36	$	1,739,282	$	(1,738,903)	$	72,612	$	73,027

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

10

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	64,800		156,544
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	703		424
Stock-based compensation	41,414		166,548
Digital asset mining revenue	(278,164)		(323,337)
Deferred income taxes	—		3,434
Gain on sale of intangible assets	—		(5,904)
Gain on debt extinguishment	(21,135)		—
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(32,985)
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		210,968
Fair value adjustment on other liabilities	—		9,498
Equity line of credit expenses	—		1,431
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	—		6,172
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	514		13,057
Impairment of digital assets	2,864		212,184
Impairment of goodwill, other intangibles and property, plant and equipment	—		1,118,524
Provision for doubtful accounts	—		5,943
Gain on sale of digital assets	(2,358)		(25,007)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(875)		(6,737)
Accounts receivable from related parties	23		(595)
Digital assets	277,823		350,794
Deposits for equipment	(600)		(66,932)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(10,650)		53,832
Accounts payable	32,771		2,954
Accrued expenses and other	13,001		(241)
Deferred revenue	(15,015)		22,251
Deferred revenue from related parties	—		(65,954)
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities, net	(10,911)		(6,194)
Net cash provided by operating activities	43,411		89,201
Cash flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(4,516)		(243,755)
Cash acquired in acquisition	—		—
Deposits for self-mining equipment	—		(217,677)
Proceeds from the sale of intangibles	—		10,850
Investments in internally developed software	(840)		—
Other	—		(719)
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,356)		(451,301)
Cash flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of transaction costs	—		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon Merger with XPDI, net of transaction costs	—		210,534
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs	—		216,182
Repurchase of common shares to pay employee withholding taxes	—		(31,627)
Principal repayments of finance leases	(3,411)		(28,070)
Principal payments on debt	(22,941)		(98,953)
Payment for transaction costs	—		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(26,352)		268,066

11

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	11,703		(94,034)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period	52,240		131,678
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	$	63,943	$	37,644
Supplemental disclosure of other cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	1,508		69,616
Income tax refunds	(336)		(782)
Cash paid for reorganization items, net	62,590		—
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Change in accrued capital expenditures	(39,660)		(59,030)
Decrease in equipment related to debt extinguishment	17,849		—
Decrease in notes payable in exchange for equipment	(38,610)		—
Payment-in-kind interest	—		24,103
Cashless exercise of warrants	—		3,001
Property, plant and equipment obtained in exchange transaction	—		62,338
Property, plant and equipment disposed of through settlements	6,301		—
Purchase of insurance policies financed by short-term note payable	5,011		—
Issuance of notes payable through settlements	21,035		—

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

12

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

MineCo Holdings, Inc. was incorporated on December 13, 2017, in the State of Delaware and changed its name to Core Scientific, Inc. (“Old Core”) pursuant to an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation dated June 12, 2018. On August 17, 2020, Old Core engaged in a holdco restructuring to facilitate a borrowing arrangement by Old Core pursuant to which Old Core was merged with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of Core Scientific Holding Co. and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Core Scientific Holding Co. and the stockholders of Old Core became the stockholders of Core Scientific Holding Co. In July 2021, Core Scientific Holding Co. completed the acquisition of Blockcap, Inc. (“Blockcap”). Prior to its acquisition, Blockcap was one of Old Core’s largest hosting customers. On January 19, 2022, following the approval at the special meeting of the stockholders of Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“XPDI”), Core Scientific Holding Co. merged with XPDI, and XPDI Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of XPDI (“Merger Sub”), consummated the transactions contemplated under the merger agreement. In connection with the closing of the merger, XPDI changed its name from Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition Corp. to Core Scientific, Inc. (“Core Scientific” or the “Company”).

Core Scientific is a best-in-class, large-scale operator of purpose-built facilities for digital asset mining. We mine digital assets for our own account and provide colocation hosting services for other large-scale miners at our eight operational data centers in Georgia (2), Kentucky (1), North Carolina (2), North Dakota (1) and Texas (2). Currently, we derive the majority of our revenue from self-mining bitcoin. We began digital asset mining in 2018 and in 2020 became one of the largest North American providers of colocation hosting services for third-party mining customers. We are one of the largest blockchain infrastructure, digital asset mining and colocation hosting provider companies in North America. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately 1,500 MW of contracted power capacity at our sites, including 500 MW of power allocated to the Muskogee, Oklahoma data center, which remains substantially undeveloped.

Our hosting colocation business provides a full suite of services to digital asset mining customers. We provide deployment, monitoring, troubleshooting, optimization and maintenance of our customers’ digital asset mining equipment and provide necessary electrical power, repair and other infrastructure services necessary to operate, maintain and efficiently mine digital assets.

We operate in two segments: “Mining”, consisting of digital asset mining for our own account, and “Hosting”, consisting of our blockchain infrastructure and third-party hosting business.

Our business strategy is to grow our revenue and profitability by increasing the capacity and efficiency of our self-mining fleet and entering into strategic, revenue-enhancing colocation opportunities with third parties. We intend to develop the infrastructure necessary to support business growth and profitability and capture adjacent opportunities that leverage our mining infrastructure, expertise and capabilities.

Chapter 11 Filing

On December 21, 2022, the Company and certain of its affiliates (collectively, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”) seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”). The Chapter 11 Cases are jointly administered under Case No. 22-90341. The Debtors continue to operate their business and manage their properties as “debtors-in-possession” (“DIP”) under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. The Debtors have filed various “first day” motions with the Bankruptcy Court requesting customary relief, which were generally approved by the Bankruptcy Court on December 22, 2022, that have enabled the Company to operate in the ordinary course while under Chapter 11 protection. For detailed discussion about the Chapter 11 Cases, refer to Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters.

On June 20, 2023 the Debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court a proposed Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related proposed form of Disclosure Statement; (ii) on August 8, 2023, the Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement; and (iii) on September 7, 2023, the Second Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates (the “Plan”) and a related Disclosure Statement (the “Disclosure Statement”).

On September 19, 2023, the Debtors, the ad hoc group of the Debtors’ secured convertible notes holders (the “Ad Hoc Noteholder Group”) and the equity committee (the “Equity Committee”) reached an agreement in principle with respect to the

13

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

economic terms of the Plan (the “Mediated Settlement”). The Debtors, the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee will continue to work and negotiate in good faith to document the Mediated Settlement, resolve certain open issues and revise the Plan and Disclosure Statement to incorporate the terms of the Mediated Settlement.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Refer to the significant accounting policies described in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, which was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements provided herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). However, in our opinion, the disclosures made therein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. We believe the unaudited interim financial statements furnished reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. All of these adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The interim consolidated results of operations and cash flows are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of operations and cash flows that might be expected for the entire year. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

See Note 14 — Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements.

Going Concern

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company generated a net loss of $50.8 million. The Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $42.1 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $15.9 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company has historically generated cash primarily from the issuance of common stock and debt, through sales of digital assets received as digital asset mining revenue and from operations through contracts with customers. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had a total stockholders’ deficit of $418.7 million.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. Our ability to continue as a going concern is contingent upon, among other things, our ability to, subject to the Bankruptcy Court’s approval, implement a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization (the “Plan”), successfully emerge from the Chapter 11 Cases and generate sufficient liquidity from the restructuring to meet our obligations and operating needs. As a result of risks and uncertainties related to (i) the Company’s ability to successfully consummate the Plan and emerge from the Chapter 11 Cases, and (ii) the effects of disruption from the Chapter 11 Cases making it more difficult to maintain business, financing and operational relationships, together with the Company’s recurring losses from operations and accumulated deficit, substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. For detailed discussion about the Chapter 11 Cases and the Plan, refer to Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters.

Debtor-in Possession

In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, we are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business but may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to certain motions and applications intended to limit the disruption of the bankruptcy proceedings on our operations (the First Day Motions (as defined below)) and other motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court throughout the duration of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Bankruptcy Court has authorized us to conduct our business activities in the ordinary course, including, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions of such orders, authorizing us to obtain DIP financing, pay employee wages and benefits, enter into contracts with customers, vendors and suppliers, continue to earn revenue and pay vendors and suppliers in the ordinary course of business. For detailed discussion about the Chapter 11 Cases, refer to Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters.

14

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Some of the more significant estimates include assumptions used to estimate its ability to continue as a going concern, the valuation of the Company’s common shares and the determination of the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation awards for periods prior to the Merger, the valuation of digital assets, goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, the fair value of convertible debt, derivative warrants, and income taxes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash equivalents included $34.1 million and $10.2 million, respectively, of highly liquid money market funds which are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow under the Original DIP Credit Agreement (as defined below) and in escrow to pay for construction and development activities. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had restricted cash of $21.8 million and $36.4 million, respectively.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company’s accounts receivable balance consists of amounts due from its hosting customers. The Company records accounts receivable at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any potentially uncollectible accounts under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model and presents the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. The CECL impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an instrument, which considers forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Based on this model, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, collection history, and current economic trends. Bad debts are written off after all collection efforts have ceased.

Allowances for credit losses are recorded as a direct reduction from an asset’s amortized cost basis. Credit losses and recoveries are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Recoveries of financial assets previously written off are recorded when received. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not record any credit losses or recoveries.

Based on the Company’s current and historical collection experience, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $8.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Performance Obligations - Hosting Segment    

The Company’s performance obligations relate to hosting services, which are described below. The Company has performance obligations associated with commitments in customer hosting contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized in the financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year (typically ranging from 15 to 48 months), those commitments not yet recognized as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $100.8 million and $159.6 million, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

The Company records contract liabilities in Deferred revenue and Other non-current liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets when cash payments are received in advance of performance and recognizes them as revenue when the performance obligations are satisfied. The Company’s total deferred revenue balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, was $64.3 million and $80.4 million, respectively, all from advance payments received during the periods then ended.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $2.7 million and $20.5 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of the beginning of the year.

15

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $30.9 million and $79.6 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of the beginning of the year.

Advanced payments for hosting services are typically recognized in the following month and are generally recognized within one year.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Measurement of Credit Losses

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which will require an entity to measure credit losses for certain financial instruments and financial assets, including trade receivables. Under this update, on initial recognition and at each reporting period, an entity will be required to recognize an allowance that reflects the entity’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3. CHAPTER 11 FILING AND OTHER RELATED MATTERS

Chapter 11

On December 21, 2022 (the “Petition Date”), the Debtors filed the Chapter 11 Cases in the Bankruptcy Court seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The Chapter 11 Cases are jointly administered under Case No. 22-90341. The Debtors continue to operate their business and manage their properties as “debtors-in-possession” (“DIP”) under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. The Debtors filed various “first day” motions with the Bankruptcy Court requesting customary relief, which were generally approved by the Bankruptcy Court on December 22, 2022, that have enabled the Company to operate in the ordinary course while under Chapter 11 protection.

On June 20, 2023 the Debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court a proposed Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related proposed form of Disclosure Statement; (ii) on August 8, 2023, the Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement; and (iii) on September 7, 2023, the Second Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement.

On September 19, 2023, the Debtors, the ad hoc group of the Debtors’ secured convertible notes holders (the “Ad Hoc Noteholder Group”) and the equity committee (the “Equity Committee”) reached an agreement in principle with respect to the economic terms of the Plan (the “Mediated Settlement”). The Debtors, the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee will continue to work and negotiate in good faith to document the Mediated Settlement, resolve certain open issues and revise the Plan and Disclosure Statement to incorporate the terms of the Mediated Settlement.

Original DIP Credit Agreement and Restructuring Support Agreement

In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, the Debtors entered into a Senior Secured Super-Priority Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2022 (the “Original DIP Credit Agreement”), with Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the “Original DIP Lenders”). The Original DIP Lenders are also holders or affiliates, partners or investors of holders under the Company’s notes sold pursuant to (i) the Secured Convertible Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2021 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), by and among Core Scientific, Inc. (as successor of Core Scientific Holding Co.), the guarantors party thereto from time to time, U.S. Bank National Association, as note agent and collateral agent, and the purchasers of the notes issued thereunder (the “Secured Convertible Notes”), and (ii) the Convertible Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 20, 2021, (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), by and among Core

16

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Scientific, Inc. (as successor of Core Scientific Holding Co.), the guarantors party thereto from time to time, U.S. Bank National Association, as note agent and collateral agent, and the purchasers of the notes issued thereunder (the “Other Convertible Notes,” and together with the Secured Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”).

Also in connection with the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement (together with all exhibits and schedules thereto, the “Restructuring Support Agreement”) with the ad hoc group of noteholders, representing more than 70% of the holders of the Convertible Notes (the “Ad Hoc Noteholder Group”) pursuant to which the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group agreed to provide commitments for a debtor-in-possession facility (the “Original DIP Facility”) of more than $57 million and agreed to support the syndication of up to an additional $18 million in new money DIP (defined below) facility loans to all holders of Convertible Notes. The Company terminated the Restructuring Support Agreement pursuant to a “fiduciary out” which permitted the Company to pursue better alternatives.

Replacement DIP Credit Agreement

On February 2, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an interim order (the “Replacement Interim DIP Order”) authorizing, among other things, the Debtors to obtain senior secured non-priming super-priority replacement post-petition financing (the “Replacement DIP Facility”). On February 27, 2023, the Debtors entered into a Senior Secured Super-Priority Replacement Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement governing the Replacement DIP Facility (the “Replacement DIP Credit Agreement”), with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the “Replacement DIP Lender”). Proceeds of the Replacement DIP Facility were used to, among other things, repay amounts outstanding under the Original DIP Facility, including payment of all fees and expenses required to be paid under the terms of the Original DIP Facility. These funds, along with ongoing cash generated from operations, were anticipated to provide the necessary financing to effectuate the planned restructuring, facilitate the emergence from Chapter 11, and cover the fees and expenses of legal and financial advisors.

The Replacement DIP Facility, among other things, provides for a non-amortizing super-priority senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $70 million. Under the Replacement DIP Facility, (i) $35 million was made available following Bankruptcy Court approval of the Interim DIP Order and (ii) $35 million was made available following Bankruptcy Court approval of the Final DIP Order. Loans under the Replacement DIP Facility will bear interest at a rate of 10%, which will be payable in kind in arrears on the first day of each calendar month. The Administrative Agent received an upfront payment equal to 3.5% of the aggregate commitments under the Replacement DIP Facility on February 3, 2023, payable in kind, and the Replacement DIP Lender will receive an exit premium equal to 5% of the amount of the loans being repaid, reduced or satisfied, payable in cash. The Replacement DIP Credit Agreement includes representations and warranties, covenants applicable to the Debtors, and events of default. If an event of default under the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement occurs, the Administrative Agent may, among other things, permanently reduce any remaining commitments and declare the outstanding obligations under the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable.

The maturity date of the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement is December 22, 2023, which can be extended, under certain conditions, by an additional three months to March 22, 2024. The Replacement DIP Credit Agreement will also terminate on the date that is the earliest of the following (i) the effective date of the Plan with respect to the Borrowers (the “Plan”) (as defined in the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement) or any other Debtor; (ii) the consummation of any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Debtors pursuant to section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code; (iii) the date of the acceleration of the Loans and the termination of the Commitments (whether automatically, or upon any Event of Default or as otherwise provided in the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement); and (iv) conversion of the Chapter 11 Cases into cases under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.

On March 1, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Replacement DIP Facility on a final basis and the terms under which the Debtors are authorized to use the cash collateral of the holders of their convertible notes (the “Final DIP Order”).

On July 4, 2023, the Debtors, the Administrative Agents and the Replacement DIP Lender entered into the First Amendment to the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement. For detailed discussion about the First Amendment, refer to Note 5 — Notes Payable.

NYDIG Settlement

On February 26, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “NYDIG Order”), whereby the Debtors and NYDIG agree that the Debtors would transfer the miners serving as collateral under the NYDIG Loan back to NYDIG over a period of several

17

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

months in exchange for the full extinguishment of the NYDIG Loan. The final shipment of miners serving as collateral under the NYDIG loan occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, after which the NYDIG Loan was extinguished in full and the Company recorded a $20.8 million gain on extinguishment of debt in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Priority Power Settlement

On March 20, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “Priority Power Order”), whereby the Debtors and Priority Power agree that the Debtors would transfer equipment to Priority Power and assume an Energy Management and Consulting Services Agreement and other new agreements. Priority Power was determined to have a single aggregate allowed claim of $20.8 million, which was secured by a perfected mechanic’s lien. The claim was deemed paid and fully satisfied by transfer of specific equipment from the Debtors to Priority Power on the date of the Priority Power Order, thereby releasing all Priority Power liens. The satisfaction of the obligation and transfer of the equipment is a noncash transaction which occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and resulted in a gain of $4.9 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

City of Denton Lease Settlement

On August 16, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “City of Denton Order”), approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of City of Denton and Denton Municipal Electric (“Denton”) against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens related to the Debtor’s lease of the Denton facility in exchange for Debtors execution lease cure costs totaling $1.5 million. The satisfaction of the settlement resulted in a loss of $1.5 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Huband-Mantor Construction Settlement

On August 18, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “HMC Order”), approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of Huband-Mantor Construction (“HMC”) and its subcontractors against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens in favor of HMC and its subcontractors in exchange for Debtors payment of $2 million and the Debtors execution of a promissory note in favor of HMC in the principal amount of $15.5 million. The promissory note is secured by a mortgage of the Debtors Cottonwood 1 facility in Texas. The satisfaction of the settlement resulted in a loss of $8.3 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 5 — Notes Payable for further discussion of the promissory note.

Celsius Mining LLC Settlement

On September 14, 2023, the Debtors and Celsius entered into a purchase and sale agreement (the “PSA”) that provides in addition to a full mutual release of claims asserted against each party in the respective bankruptcy cases for a cash payment by Celsius to the Company of $14.0 million and a full and final release of all claims of Celsius against the Debtors related to the Celsius Contracts, in exchange for the Debtors, (i) sale to Celsius of the Debtor’s Ward County, Texas bitcoin mining data center site (the “Cedarvale Facility”) and certain related assets, (ii) grant to Celsius of a perpetual, non-transferable (except as described in Section 14 of the PSA), non-exclusive limited license to use identified Company intellectual property solely as and to the extent necessary to (x) finish construction and development of the Cedarvale Facility, (y) develop and construct other mining facilities on other properties owned or leased by Celsius similar in type and scope to the Cedarvale Facility, and (z) operate all of the foregoing, (iii) assumption and assignment to Celsius of certain executory contracts. In connection with the PSA the parties released and (iv) unequivocally release claims against Celsius asserted by the Company in connection with the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases and the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases. On November 2, 2023, the Company received the payment of $14.0 million from Celsius in connection with the PSA.

As of September 30, 2023, there were $36.1 million of assets held for sale on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the sale of the Cedarvale Facility. Refer to Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion of the sale.

ACM ELF ST LLC Lease Settlement

In September 2023, the Company entered into a $7.2 million equipment finance agreement with ACM ELF ST LLC in settlement and satisfaction of a previous equipment finance agreement which resulted in a gain of $5.0 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 5 — Notes Payable for further discussion of the promissory note.

18

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

J.W. Didado Electric, LLC Settlement

On October 2, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “J.W. Didado Order”), approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of W. Didado Electric, LLC (“Didado”) against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens related to the Debtor’s Muskogee datacenter in exchange for Debtors execution of an unsecured promissory note in favor of Didado in the principal amount of $13 million to be paid over 36 months upon emergence of bankruptcy.

Reorganization items, net and Liabilities Subject to Compromise

Effective on December 21, 2022, the Company began to apply the provisions of ASC 852, Reorganizations (“ASC 852”), which is applicable to companies under bankruptcy protection, and requires amendments to the presentation of certain financial statement line items. ASC 852 requires that the financial statements for periods including and after the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Expenses (including professional fees), realized gains and losses, and provisions for losses that can be directly associated with the reorganization must be reported separately as Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning December 21, 2022, the date of filing of the Chapter 11 Cases. Liabilities that may be affected by the Plan must be classified as liabilities subject to compromise at the amounts expected to be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court, even if they may be settled for lesser amounts as a result of the Plan or negotiations with creditors. The amounts currently classified as liabilities subject to compromise may be subject to future adjustments depending on Bankruptcy Court actions, further developments with respect to disputed claims, determinations of secured status of certain claims, the values of any collateral securing such claims, or other events. Any resulting changes in classification will be reflected in subsequent financial statements. If there is uncertainty about whether a secured claim is undersecured, or will be impaired under the Plan, the entire amount of the claim is included with prepetition claims in liabilities subject to compromise.

As a result of the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases on December 21, 2022, the classification of pre-petition indebtedness is generally subject to compromise pursuant to the Plan. Generally, actions to enforce or otherwise effect payment of pre-bankruptcy filing liabilities are stayed. Although payment of pre-petition claims generally is not permitted, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Debtors authority to pay certain pre-petition claims in designated categories and subject to certain terms and conditions. This relief generally was designed to preserve the value of the Debtors’ businesses and assets. Among other things, the Bankruptcy Court authorized the Debtors to pay certain pre-petition claims relating to employee wages and benefits, taxes and critical vendors. The Debtors are paying and intend to pay undisputed post-petition liabilities in the ordinary course of business. In addition, the Debtors may reject certain pre-petition executory contracts and unexpired leases with respect to their operations with the approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Any damages resulting from the rejection of executory contracts and unexpired leases are treated as general unsecured claims.

While the Chapter 11 Cases are pending, the Debtors do not anticipate making interest payments due under their pre-petition debt instruments pursuant to the protection under the Plan. The contractual interest expense pursuant to our pre-petition debt instruments that was not recognized in our consolidated statements of operations was $19.2 million and $60.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

19

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Reorganization items, net incurred as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases presented separately in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2023
Professional fees and other bankruptcy related costs	$	25,113	$	62,970
Settlements with creditors:
Priority Power	(4,878)		(4,878)
ACM ELF ST LLC Lease	(5,003)		(5,003)
Huband-Mantor Construction	8,269		8,269
Denton Lease	1,547		1,547
Other, net	4		4
Total settlements with creditors	(61)		(61)
Debtor-in-possession financing costs	3,204		15,361
Reorganization items, net	$	28,256	$	78,270

The Company has incurred and continues to incur significant costs associated with the reorganization, primarily debtor-in-possession financing costs and legal and professional fees, which were classified as Reorganization items, net subsequent to our petition.

The accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 include amounts classified as Liabilities subject to compromise, which represent liabilities the Company anticipates will be allowed as claims in the Chapter 11 Cases. These amounts represent the Company's current estimate of known or potential obligations to be resolved in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases and may differ from actual future settlement amounts paid. Differences between liabilities estimated and claims filed, or to be filed, will be investigated and resolved in connection with the claims resolution process.

Liabilities subject to compromise consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable	$	33,278	$	20,908
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18,136		64,493
Accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	51,414	$	85,401
Operating lease liability	$	—	$	13,868
Financing lease liability	—		70,796
Debt subject to compromise	41,775		844,695
Accrued interest on liabilities subject to compromise	664		12,553
Leases, debt and accrued interest	42,439		941,912
Liabilities subject to compromise	$	93,853	$	1,027,313

Pre-petition unsecured claims, and secured claims which ultimately may be determined to be impaired during the bankruptcy process and therefor subject to compromise, have been classified as Liabilities subject to compromise. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, improvements in the Company’s condition and other developments indicated that secured claims which were initially considered subject to compromise at the beginning of the bankruptcy process and at December 31, 2022, were no longer likely to be subject to compromise as of September 30, 2023. This determination is the primary reason for the decrease in the Liabilities subject to compromise balance, with Court approved settlements contributing nominally to the reductions.

20

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Final determination of the value at which liabilities will ultimately be settled cannot be made until the Plan becomes effective and the Company emerges from bankruptcy. The Company will continue to evaluate and adjust the amount and classification of its pre-petition liabilities. Such adjustments may be material. Any additional liabilities that are subject to compromise will be recognized accordingly, and the aggregate amount of Liabilities subject to compromise may change.

4. DIGITAL ASSETS

Activity related to our digital asset balances for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Digital assets, beginning of period	$	724	$	234,298
Digital asset mining revenue, net of receivables*	278,100		323,337
Mining proceeds from shared hosting	10,321		—
Proceeds from sales of digital assets	(287,769)		(350,795)
Gain from sales of digital assets	2,351		25,007
Impairment of digital assets	(2,864)		(212,184)
Payment of board fee	(304)		—
Digital assets, end of period	$	559	$	19,663

* As of September 30, 2023, there was $0.9 million of digital asset receivable included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Digital assets are available to be sold as a source of funds, if needed, for current operations and are classified as current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had total digital assets of $0.6 million and $0.7 million, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet holdings of digital assets.

5. NOTES PAYABLE

The commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default under certain of the Company's debt agreements. Any efforts to enforce payment obligations under the debt instruments are automatically stayed as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases and the creditors' rights in respect of the debt instruments are subject to the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. See Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters for further information. The stay applies to the ability of creditors to demand accelerated payments under default provisions, as a result, the Company continues to classify its notes and leases, not subject to compromise, according to the original payment schedules.

21

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, consist of the following (in thousands):

	Stated Interest Rate	Effective Interest Rates	Maturities	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Kentucky note	5.0%	5.0%	2023	$	529	$	529
NYDIG loan	11.0% - 15.0%	11.0% - 17.0%	Various	—		38,573
Stockholder loan	10.0%	20.0%	2023	10,000		10,000
Trinity loan	11.0%	11.0%	2024	23,356		23,356
Bremer loan	5.5%	5.6%	2026	18,331		18,331
Blockfi loan	9.7% - 13.1%	10.1% - 13.1%	2023	53,913		53,913
Anchor Labs loan	12.5%	12.5%	2024	25,159		25,159
Mass Mutual Barings loans	9.8% - 13.0%	9.8% - 13.0%	2025	63,844		63,844
B. Riley Bridge Notes	7.0%	7.0%	2023	41,777		41,777
Liberty loan	10.6%	10.6%	2024	6,968		6,968
Secured Convertible Notes1	10.0%	10.0%	2025	237,584		237,584
Other Convertible Notes2	10.0%	10.0%	2025	322,396		322,396
Original DIP Credit Agreement3	10.0%	10.0%	2023	—		35,547
Replacement DIP Credit Agreement4	10.0%	10.0%	2023	17,848		—
HMC loan	—	15.0%	2026	15,500		—
ACM financing	—	15.0%	2025	7,232		—
First Insurance loan	—	7.6%	2024	4,399		—
Other				2,618		2,960
Notes payable, prior to reclassification to Liabilities subject to compromise				851,454		880,937
Less: Notes payable in Liabilities subject to compromise5				41,775		844,695
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs - post-petition				1,799		—
Total notes payable, net				807,880		36,242
Less: current maturities				128,321		36,242
Notes payable, net of current portion				$	679,559	$	—

1 Secured Convertible Notes includes principal balance at issuance and PIK interest.

2 Other Convertible Notes includes principal balance at issuance and PIK interest.

3 Original DIP Credit Agreement, see Note 3 - Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters for further information.

4 Replacement DIP Credit Agreement, see Note 3 - Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters for further information.

5 In connection with the Company's Chapter 11 Cases, $41.8 million and $844.7 million of outstanding notes payable have been reclassified to Liabilities subject to compromise in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, at their expected allowed amount. Up to the Petition Date, the Company continued to accrue interest expense in relation to these reclassified debt instruments. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $0.7 million and $12.6 million, respectively, of accrued interest was classified as Liabilities subject to compromise.

HMC Loan - In August 2023, in addition to a cash payment of $2 million, the Company entered into a $15.5 million secured promissory note agreement with Huband-Mantor Construction, Inc (the “HMC loan”) in connection with its settlement and release from all claims. The note bears interest at a contractual rate per annum of 0% and has a term of 36 months from issuance, The Company is required to make monthly payments of principal and interest. Interest expense on the note has been recognized based on an effective interest rate of 15.0%. The loan is secured by a security interest in the underlying property leased.

ACM Financing - In September 2023, the Company entered into a $7.2 million equipment finance agreement with ACM ELF ST LLC (the “ACM Loan”) in settlement and satisfaction of a previous equipment finance agreement. The finance agreement has a term of 26 months from issuance. Interest expense on the finance agreement has been recognized based on an effective rate of 15.0%. The finance agreement is secured by a security interest in the underlying equipment.

First Insurance Loan - In August 2023, the Company entered into an unsecured $5.0 million Insurance Premium Financing Agreement with First Insurance Funding, a Division of Lake Forest Bank & Trust Company (the “First Insurance loan”) to finance the

22

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

renewal premium of property insurance policies. Under the agreement, a down payment was paid in the amount of $2.1 million, and the Company will pay the balance in eight monthly installments commencing on September 24, 2023. The contractual annual percentage interest rate is 0%. Interest expense on the note has been recognized based on an effective interest rate of 7.6%

On July 4, 2023, the Debtors, the Administrative Agent and the Replacement DIP Lenders entered into a First Amendment to the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”). The First Amendment, among other things, provides (i) that the Debtors may make certain transfers or payments in connection with settlements of certain third-party claims as described in the First Amendment and (ii) for a reduction in the excess cash threshold amount to the sum of $40.0 million and an amount (which shall not be less than zero) equal to $5.0 million less the amount of any payments on account of prepetition claims, liens or cure costs made by any Obligor after June 30, 2023. This excess cash threshold amount reduction resulted in the Debtors making an additional $6.2 million mandatory prepayment under the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement on July 7, 2023.

As discussed in Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters, under the NYDIG Order, the final shipment of miners that served as collateral under the NYDIG loan occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, after which the NYDIG Loan was extinguished in full and the Company recorded a $20.8 million Gain on extinguishment of debt in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The principal amount of the Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2023, reflects the proceeds received plus any PIK interest added to the principal balance of the notes. Upon the closing of the merger agreement with XPDI in January 2022, the conversion price for the Convertible Notes became fixed at 80% of the financing price ($8.00 per share of common stock) and the holders now have the right to convert at any time until maturity. At maturity, any Secured Convertible Notes not converted will be owed two times the original face value plus accrued interest; any Other Convertible Notes not converted will be owed the original face value plus accrued interest. In addition, at any time (both before and after the merger with XPDI), the Company has the right to prepay the Convertible Notes at the minimum payoff of two times the outstanding principal amount plus accrued interest. All of the Convertible Notes, totaling $560.0 million as of September 30, 2023, are scheduled to mature on April 19, 2025, which includes $237.6 million for the principal amount of the Secured Convertible Notes which have payoff at maturity of two times the principal amount of the note plus accrued interest. The total amount that would be owed on the Secured Convertible Notes outstanding as of September 30, 2023, if held to maturity was $475.2 million.

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Securities are transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 when observable market prices for similar securities are no longer available and unobservable inputs become significant to the fair value measurement. All transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no Level 3 financial instruments.

Nonrecurring fair value measurements

The Company’s non-financial assets, including digital assets, property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized, or the underlying asset is held for sale. Refer to Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for more information regarding fair value considerations when measuring impairment.

No non-financial assets were classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, net, accounts payable, notes payable and certain accrued expenses and other liabilities. The carrying amount of these financial instruments, other than notes payable discussed below, approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

23

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

7. LEASES

The Company has entered into non-cancellable operating and finance leases for office, data facilities, computer and networking equipment, electrical infrastructure and office equipment, with lease periods expiring through 2035. In addition, certain leases contain bargain renewal options extending through 2051. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which includes any bargain renewal options. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. In addition to minimum rent, certain leases require payment of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance charges, and other executory costs. Differences between rent expense and rent paid are recognized as adjustments to operating lease right-of-use assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. For certain leases, the Company receives lease incentives, such as tenant improvement allowances, and records those as adjustments to operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortizes the lease incentives on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an adjustment to rent expense.

The components of operating and finance leases are presented on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in thousands):

	Financial statement line item	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	6,583	$	20,430
Finance lease right-of-use assets*	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	17,996	$	31,213
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities,    current portion	Operating lease liabilities,    current portion	$	205	$	769
Operating lease liabilities, net    of current portion	Operating lease liabilities, net    of current portion	$	1,047	$	720
Finance lease liabilities, current portion	Finance lease liabilities, current portion	$	19,833	$	—
Finance lease liabilities, net of    current portion	Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	$	35,909	$	—
Operating and finance lease liabilities subject to compromise	Liabilities subject to compromise	$	—	$	84,664

* December 31, 2022 revised to reflect the impact of the 2022 impairments of property, plant and equipment.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended September 30,
	Financial statement line item	2023		2022
Operating lease expense	General and administrative expenses	$	77	$	589
Short-term lease expense	General and administrative expenses	161		195
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Cost of revenue	2,580		9,040
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net	766		2,278
Total finance lease expense		3,346		11,318
Total lease expense		$	3,584	$	12,102

24

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Financial statement line item	2023		2022
Operating lease expense	General and administrative expenses	$	675	$	898
Short-term lease expense	General and administrative expenses	523		671
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Cost of revenue	9,708		27,563
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net	1,508		6,617
Total finance lease expense		11,216		34,180
Total lease expense		$	12,414	$	35,749

In determining the discount rate used to measure the right-of-use asset and lease liability, we use rates implicit in the lease, or if not readily available, we use our incremental borrowing rate. Our incremental borrowing rate is based on an estimated secured rate with reference to recent borrowings of similar collateral and tenure when available. Determining our incremental borrowing rate, especially if there are insufficient observable borrowings near the time of lease commencement, may require significant judgment.

Information relating to the lease term and discount rate is as follows:

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years)
Operating leases	15.4		10.7
Finance leases	1.3		2.3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	7.1	%	6.5	%
Finance leases	12.9	%	12.7	%

The following tables summarize the Company’s supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Lease Payments
Operating lease payments	$	499	$	474
Finance lease payments	$	3,501	$	34,287
Supplemental Noncash Information
	$	—	$	21,574
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations1	$	—	$	10,557
(Decrease) increase in finance lease right-of-use assets as a result of lease modification	$	(11,644)	$	693
Decrease in ROU related due to termination	$	13,144	$	—
Decrease in lease liability due to termination	$	(13,517)	$	—

1Includes operating lease right-of-use assets of $6.7 million that were recorded upon adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2022.

25

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company’s minimum payments under noncancelable operating and finance leases having initial terms and bargain renewal periods in excess of one year are as follows at September 30, 2023, and thereafter (in thousands):

	Operating leases		Finance leases
Remaining 2023	$	272	$	26,173
2024	170		30,950
2025	170		1,863
2026	170		3
2027	170		—
Thereafter	1,252		—
Total lease payments	2,204		58,989
Less: imputed interest	952		3,247
Total	$	1,252	$	55,742

Balance Sheet Classification

As discussed in 5 — Notes Payable, in October 2022, the Company determined not to make certain payments with respect to several of its debt facilities, equipment financing facilities and leases and other financings, including its two bridge promissory notes. As a result, the creditors under these debt facilities may exercise remedies following any applicable grace periods (which have passed) and pursuant to any confirmed plan of reorganization, including electing to accelerate the principal amount of such debt, suing the Company for nonpayment, increasing interest rates to default rates, or taking action with respect to collateral, where applicable. Remedies available under these debt facilities are stayed while the Company is under Chapter 11 protections.

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings—The Company is subject to legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues losses for a legal proceeding when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. However, the uncertainties inherent in legal proceedings make it difficult to reasonably estimate the costs and effects of resolving these matters. Accordingly, actual costs incurred may differ materially from amounts accrued and could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, cash flows, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Unless otherwise indicated, the Company is unable to estimate reasonably possible losses in excess of any amounts accrued.

Effect of Automatic Stay

Subject to certain exceptions under the Bankruptcy Code, the filing of the Company Parties’ Chapter 11 Cases automatically stayed the continuation of most legal proceedings or the filing of other actions against or on behalf of the Debtors or their property to recover on, collect or secure a claim arising prior to the Petition Date or to exercise control over property of the Debtors’ bankruptcy estates, unless and until the Bankruptcy Court modifies or lifts the automatic stay as to any such claim. Notwithstanding the general application of the automatic stay described above, governmental authorities may determine to continue actions brought under their police and regulatory powers.

Celsius filed the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York under the Bankruptcy Code. Celsius was one of the Company’s largest host-mining customers in July 2022. Prior to the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases, Celsius paid the Company certain PPT Charges invoiced to Celsius pursuant to the Master Services Agreements between Celsius and the Company (the “Celsius Contracts”). After commencing the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases, Celsius refused to pay all PPT Charges the Company invoiced to Celsius; Celsius and the Company filed competing motions, pleadings, and proofs of claims and engaged in protracted litigation, discovery, and mediation.

On September 14, 2023, the Debtors and Celsius entered into a PSA that provides in addition to a full mutual release of claims asserted against each party in the respective bankruptcy cases for a cash payment by Celsius to the Company of $14.0 million and a full and final release of all claims of Celsius against the Debtors related to the Celsius Contracts, in exchange for the Debtors, (i) sale to Celsius of the Debtor’s Cedarvale Facility and certain related assets, (ii) grant to Celsius of a perpetual, non-transferable (except as described in Section 14 of the PSA), non-exclusive limited license to use identified Company intellectual property solely as and to the extent necessary to (x) finish construction and development of the Cedarvale Facility, (y) develop and construct other mining facilities

26

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

on other properties owned or leased by Celsius similar in type and scope to the Cedarvale Facility, and (z) operate all of the foregoing, (iii) assumption and assignment to Celsius of certain executory contracts,. In connection with the PSA the parties released and (iv) unequivocally release claims against Celsius asserted by the Company in connection with the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases and the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases. On November 2, 2023, the Company received the payment of $14.0 million from Celsius in connection with the PSA.

In November 2022, Sphere 3D Corp. filed a demand for arbitration with JAMS alleging the existence and breach of a contract for hosting services. The arbitration demand alleges that the Company has failed to provide contracted for services and to return prepayments allegedly made by Sphere 3D for such services. The arbitration demand was stayed by the filing of the Company Parties’ Chapter 11 Cases. Refer to the discussion contained within this footnote under the subtitle “Effect of Automatic Stay.”

In April 2023, Sphere 3D Corp. filed a proof of claim against the Debtors in the Chapter 11 Cases alleging a claim for approximately $39.5 million allegedly pursuant to a contract for services as to which the Debtors were allegedly a party and failed to perform and other claims related thereto. The Debtors have objected to Sphere 3D Corp.’s proof of claim and intends to contest the entirety of the claim in the Chapter 11 Cases. A hearing on the matter is expected during the first quarter of 2024.

In November 2022, McCarthy Building Companies, Inc. filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, alleging breach of contract for failing to pay when due certain payments allegedly owing under a contract for construction entered into between the parties. The case has been stayed as a result of the Company’s filing of a petition for relief under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.

In November 2022, plaintiff Mei Peng filed a putative class action (the “Putative Class Action”) in the United States District Court, Western District of Texas, Austin Division, asserting that the Company violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, by failing to disclose to investors, among other things, that the Company was vulnerable to litigation, that certain clients had breached their agreements, and that this impacted the Company's profitability and ability to continue as a going concern. On May 5, 2023, plaintiff filed an amended complaint removing the Company as a defendant and asserting that certain officers, directors and former officers and directors of the Company violated the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a result of allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the business of the Company. In April 2023, the lead plaintiff in the matter filed a proof of claim related to the Putative Class Action filed against the Debtors in the Chapter 11 Cases and in August 2023 filed an amended proof of claim to reflect an amendment to the Putative Class Action reserving the right to add Core Scientific as a defendant following the conclusion of the Chapter 11 Cases. In September the lead plaintiff filed a motion with the Bankruptcy Court requesting the grant of (i) class treatment, (ii) certification of the class for purposes of its class proof of claim, and (iii) other relief. The Debtors timely filed its objection and support objecting to the relief requested and the stated basis for the relief requested.

In September 2023 Harlin Dean filed a proof of claim against the Debtors in the Chapter 11 Cases seeking to recover approximately $8 million in severance pay and hypothetical proceeds from the sale of Company stock allegedly due following his resignation from the Company in 2022. The Debtors timely filed an objection to Mr. Dean’s proof of claim denying any obligation to Mr. Dean resulting from his resignation of employment and requesting disallowance of the proof of claim. In October 2023, Mr. Dean filed a Motion for Summary Judgment with respect to his claims. The Debtors intend to respond timely to the motion and vigorously contest the claims.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no other material loss contingency accruals for legal matters.

Leases—See Note 7 — Leases for further information.

9. STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense relates primarily to expense for restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and stock options. As of September 30, 2023, we had unvested or unexercised stock-based awards outstanding representing approximately 60.7 million shares of our common stock, consisting of approximately 38.6 million RSAs and RSUs with a weighted

27

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

average per share fair value of $2.74, and options to purchase approximately 22.0 million shares of our common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $8.81.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not grant any stock options, RSUs or RSAs.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, nil and 1.9 million stock options were cancelled, respectively, and 1.3 million and 6.6 million RSAs and RSUs were forfeited, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	1,503	$	4,366	$	3,607	$	23,287
Research and development	334		5,210		1,144		20,269
Sales and marketing	517		(720)		1,561		8,870
General and administrative1,2	12,507		20,897		35,102		114,122
Total stock-based compensation expense1,2	$	14,861	$	29,753	$	41,414	$	166,548

1 Includes $(0.1) million and $0.6 million that was recorded as an adjustment to accrued expenses and other within total current liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

2 Includes $1.0 million of stock-based compensation that were provided in severance as part of restructuring charges incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options was approximately $62.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average time period of 2.3 years. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $50.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSAs and RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average time period of 2.3 years, and an additional $13.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for which some or all of the requisite service had been provided under the service conditions but had performance conditions that had not yet been achieved.

10. INCOME TAXES

Current income tax expense represents the amount expected to be reported on the Company’s income tax returns, and deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in net deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized.

The income tax expense and effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Income tax expense	$	114		$	10,642		$	347		$	4,398
Effective income tax rate	(0.3)		%	(2.5)		%	(0.7)		%	(0.3)		%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $0.3 million of income tax expense which consisted of discrete state taxes. The Company's estimated annual effective income tax rate without consideration of discrete items is 0.0%, compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due to projected changes in the valuation allowance 2.3%, state taxes (0.4)%, non-deductible transaction costs (22.8)% and other items (0.1)%. The Company has a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax asset as the evidence indicates that it is not more likely than not expected to realize such asset.

28

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $4.4 million of income tax expense, which included a discrete tax expense of $9.1 million related to stock-based compensation and an increase in the valuation allowance on a capital loss. The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate was (0.3)%, compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due to a goodwill impairment (12.2)%, change in valuation allowance (6.7)%, state taxes 0.8%, non-deductible interest (0.6)%, and other items (2.5)%.

11. NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth reconciliations of the numerators and denominators used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss	$	(41,146)	$	(434,792)	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	382,483		354,195		378,107		318,169
Add: Dilutive share-based compensation awards	—		—		—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	382,483		354,195		378,107		318,169
Net loss per share - basic	$	(0.11)	$	(1.23)	$	(0.13)	$	(5.38)
Net loss per share - diluted	$	(0.11)	$	(1.23)	$	(0.13)	$	(5.38)

Potentially dilutive securities include securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive and contingently issuable shares and warrants for which all necessary conditions for issuance had not been satisfied by the end of the period. Potentially dilutive securities are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares, in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Stock options	22,025	27,024	22,025	27,024
Warrants	14,892	18,311	14,892	18,311
Restricted stock and restricted stock units	38,646	53,996	38,646	53,996
Convertible Notes	69,998	68,126	69,998	68,126
SPAC Vesting Shares	1,725	1,725	1,725	1,725
Total potentially dilutive securities	147,286	169,182	147,286	169,182

12. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company’s operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments only if they exhibit similar economic characteristics and have similar business activities.

The Company has two operating segments: “Hosting”, which consists primarily of its blockchain infrastructure and third-party hosting business; and “Mining”, consisting of digital asset mining for its own account. The blockchain hosting business generates revenue through the sale of consumption-based contracts for its hosting services which are recurring in nature. During 2022, our “Hosting” segment also included sales of mining equipment to customers and was referred to as “Hosting and Equipment Sales”. The Mining segment generates revenue from operating owned computer equipment as part of a pool of users that process transactions conducted on one or more blockchain networks. In exchange for these services, the Company receives digital assets.

The primary financial measures used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to evaluate performance and allocate resources are revenue and gross profit. The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment asset or liability information; accordingly, the Company has not presented a measure of assets by segment. The segments’ accounting policies are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company excludes certain operating expenses and other expenses from the allocations to operating segments.

29

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents revenue and gross profit by reportable segment for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Hosting Segment
Revenue:
Hosting revenue	$	29,848	$	44,916	$	82,307	$	117,066
Equipment sales	—		37,161		—		78,660
Total revenue	29,848		82,077		82,307		195,726
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	24,882		44,975		64,187		119,850
Cost of equipment sales	—		27,917		—		63,993
Total cost of revenue	24,882		72,892		64,187		183,843
Gross profit	$	4,966	$	9,185	$	18,120	$	11,883
Mining Segment
Revenue:
Digital asset mining income	$	83,056	$	80,495	$	278,164	$	323,337
Total revenue	83,056		80,495		278,164		323,337
Cost of revenue:
Cost of digital asset mining	72,603		116,756		212,125		279,576
Total cost of revenue	72,603		116,756		212,125		279,576
Gross profit (loss)	$	10,453	$	(36,261)	$	66,039	$	43,761
Consolidated
Consolidated total revenue	$	112,904	$	162,572	$	360,471	$	519,063
Consolidated cost of revenue	$	97,485	$	189,648	$	276,312	$	463,419
Consolidated gross profit (loss)	$	15,419	$	(27,076)	$	84,159	$	55,644

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $1.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively for the Hosting segment. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $22.0 million and $61.1 million, respectively for the Mining segment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $3.7 million and $8.2 million, respectively for the Hosting segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $60.8 million and $146.8 million, respectively for the Mining segment.

Concentrations of Revenue and Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is concentrated with a small number of customers. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions, which management assesses to be of high credit quality, in order to limit the exposure to credit risk. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s fixed assets were located in the United States. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s revenue was generated in the United States. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 74% and 77%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue was generated from digital asset mining of bitcoin, which is subject to extreme price volatility. As of September 30, 2023, substantially all of our digital assets were held by one third-party digital asset service. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of our digital assets were held by two third-party digital asset services.

30

Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the concentration of customers comprising 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	Percent of total revenue:				Percent of Hosting segment revenue:
Customer
E (related party)1	N/A		23	%	N/A		46	%
F2	12	%	N/A		45	%	N/A

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	Percent of total revenue:				Percent of Hosting segment revenue:
Customer
E (related party)1	N/A		16	%	N/A		42	%
F2	11	%	N/A		48	%	N/A

1 This customer was labeled as Customer A in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The label was updated to conform to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

2 This customer was labeled as Customer D in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.

A reconciliation of the reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Reportable segment gross profit (loss)	$	15,419	$	(27,076)	$	84,159	$	55,644
Gain from sales of digital assets	363		11,036		2,358		25,007
Impairment of digital assets	(681)		(7,986)		(2,864)		(212,184)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(268,512)		—		(1,059,265)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		—		(59,259)
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(340)		—		(514)		(13,057)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	2,253		6,192		5,308		24,305
Sales and marketing	1,041		39		3,133		11,675
General and administrative	23,511		43,346		69,671		174,380
Total operating expenses	26,805		49,577		78,112		210,360
Operating (loss) income	(12,044)		(401,374)		5,027		(1,473,474)
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(374)		—		(21,135)		—
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		2,317		74,734
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		—		186,853
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		—		(32,985)
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		78,270		—
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(1,090)		1,478		(3,978)		4,997
Total non-operating expenses, net	28,988		22,776		55,474		233,599
Loss before income taxes	$	(41,032)	$	(424,150)	$	(50,447)	$	(1,707,073)

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Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

13. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the ordinary course of business, the Company from time to time has entered into various transactions with related parties.

The Company has agreements to provide hosting services to various entities that are managed and invested in by individuals that are directors and executives of the Company. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized hosting revenue from the contracts with these entities of $2.8 million and $10.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized hosting revenue from the contracts with these entities of $9.2 million and $22.7 million, respectively.

In addition, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was no equipment sales revenue recognized to these same various entities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was equipment sales revenue recognized of $29.7 million and $67.3 million to these same various entities. A nominal amount was receivable from these entities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company reimburses certain officers and directors of the Company for use of a personal aircraft for flights taken on Company business. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not incur personal aircraft reimbursements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred reimbursements of $0.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no reimbursements payable.

14. REVISION OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During the review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company identified an error in in which cost of revenue from the three months ended June 30, 2023 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The error resulted in an overstatement in cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This error also resulted in an overstatement of accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of March 31, 2023. Based on management’s evaluation of the SEC Staff’s Accounting Bulletins Nos. 99 (“SAB 99”) and 108 (“SAB 108”) and interpretations therewith, the Company concluded that the aforementioned errors were not material to the Company’s previously filed March 31, 2023, consolidated financial statements. This is further supported by the fact that the error would not likely have materially impacted a reasonable investor’s opinion of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The following table presents the effect of the revision on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

	March 31, 2023
	As Corrected		As Filed		Change
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	47,299	$	58,596	$	(11,297)
Total Current Liabilities	203,449		214,746		(11,297)
Total Liabilities	1,157,480		1,168,777		(11,297)
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Accumulated deficit	(2,174,138)		(2,185,435)		11,297
Total Stockholders’ Deficit	$	(397,461)	$	(408,758)	$	11,297

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Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the effect of the revision on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	As Corrected		As Filed		Change
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	$	16,198	$	18,826	$	(2,628)
Cost of digital asset mining	72,676		81,345		(8,669)
Total cost of revenue	88,874		100,171		(11,297)
Gross profit	31,781		20,484		11,297
Operating income (loss)	7,602		(3,695)		11,297
Loss before income taxes	(284)		(11,581)		11,297
Net loss	(388)		(11,685)		11,297
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	—	$	(0.03)	$	0.03
Diluted	$	—	$	(0.03)	$	0.03
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	375,419		375,419		—
Diluted	375,419		375,419		—

The following table presents the effect of the revision on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
As corrected - Net loss	$	(388)	$	(388)
As filed - Net loss	$	(11,685)	$	(11,685)
Change - Net loss	$	11,297	$	11,297
As corrected - Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(2,174,138)	$	(397,461)
As filed - Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(2,185,435)	$	(408,758)
Change - Balance at March 31, 2023	$	11,297	$	11,297

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Core Scientific, Inc.

(Debtor-in-Possession)

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the effect of the revision on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	As Corrected		As Filed		Change
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(388)	$	(11,685)	$	11,297
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other	(906)		10,391		(11,297)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	19,942	$	19,942	$	—
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	17,052	$	17,052	$	—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—beginning of period	52,240		52,240		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—end of period	$	69,292	$	69,292	$	—

15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Bitmain Purchase Agreement

Subsequent to September 2023, the Company executed a purchase agreement with Bitmain for the acquisition of 12,600 Antminer S21 model miners for use in the Company's operations, for a total purchase price of approximately $50.4 million, of which $0.6 million was paid as a deposit as of September 30, 2023. All miners are expected to be received and deployed by the third quarter of 2024.

Chapter 11

On October 2, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered the J.W. Didado Order approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of Didado against the Debtors. For further discussion of this settlement, refer to Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters.

On October 30, 2023, the Debtors reached an agreement in principle (the “Restructuring Term Sheet”) with the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee regarding the terms of a chapter 11 plan of reorganization, subject to the finalization of the Debtors’ Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement, and the execution of a restructuring support agreement (the “Restructuring Support Agreement”) and other definitive documentation, which the Debtors expect to enter into with the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee in the coming days. The Restructuring Support Agreement, if and when executed by the Debtors, the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee, is expected to include terms consistent with those terms set forth in the Restructuring Term Sheet.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “Core Scientific” refer to Core Scientific, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis provides information which we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion and analysis should be read together with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See the sections entitled “─Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this Report. Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2022.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our and our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may include statements about our ability to:

•implement a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization;

•successfully emerge from the Chapter 11 Cases and generate sufficient liquidity from the restructuring to meet our obligations and operating needs;

•have shares of our common stock listed on the Nasdaq or another national securities exchange upon emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases;

•effectively respond to general economic and business conditions, including the price of bitcoin;

•obtain additional capital, whether equity or debt, or exist or remain as a going concern;

•enhance future operating and financial results;

•successfully execute expansion plans;

•attract and retain employees, officers or directors;

•anticipate rapid changes in laws, regulations and technology;

•execute its business strategy, including enhancement of the profitability of services provided, including profitably mine digital assets;

•anticipate the uncertainties inherent in the development of new business strategies;

•anticipate overall demand of blockchain technology or blockchain hosting resources;

•increase brand awareness;

•upgrade and maintain effective business controls and information technology systems;

•acquire and protect intellectual property;

•comply with laws and regulations applicable to its business, including tax laws and laws and regulations related to data privacy and the protection of the environment;

•purchase and develop additional sources of low-cost renewable sources of energy:

•stay abreast of modified or new laws and regulations applicable to its business or withstand the impact of any new laws and regulations related to its industry;

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•anticipate the impact of, and response to, new accounting standards;

•anticipate the significance and timing of contractual obligations;

•maintain key strategic relationships with partners and distributors;

•maintain and operate our key facilities:

•respond to uncertainties associated with product and service development and market acceptance;

•anticipate the impact of changes in U.S. federal income tax laws, including the impact on deferred tax assets; and

•successfully defend litigation, including matters in the Chapter 11 Cases.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents we reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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Overview

Core Scientific is a best-in-class, large-scale operator of purpose-built facilities for digital asset mining. We mine digital assets for our own account and provide colocation hosting services for other large-scale miners at our eight operational data centers in Georgia (2), Kentucky (1), North Carolina (2), North Dakota (1) and Texas (2). Currently, we derive the majority of our revenue from self-mining bitcoin. We began digital asset mining in 2018 and in 2020 became one of the largest North American providers of colocation hosting services for third-party mining customers. We are one of the largest blockchain infrastructure, digital asset mining and colocation hosting provider companies in North America, with an average hourly operating power demand of approximately 586 MW for the three months ending September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately 1,500 MW of contracted power capacity at our sites, including 500 MW of power allocated to the Muskogee, Oklahoma data center, which remains substantially undeveloped.

Our total revenue was $112.9 million and $162.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had operating losses of $12.0 million and $401.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had net losses of $41.1 million and $434.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA was $27.9 million and $17.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below for our definition of, and additional information related to Adjusted EBITDA.

Our total revenue was $360.5 million and $519.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had operating income of $5.0 million and an operating loss of $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had net losses of $50.8 million and $1.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA was $113.0 million and $170.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure.

Recent Developments

Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters

Chapter 11

On December 21, 2022 (the “Petition Date”), the “Company and certain of its affiliates (collectively, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy Court”) seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”). The Chapter 11 Cases are jointly administered under Case No. 22-90341. The Debtors continue to operate their business and manage their properties as “debtors-in-possession” (“DIP”) under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. The Debtors filed various “first day” motions with the Bankruptcy Court requesting customary relief, which were generally approved by the Bankruptcy Court on December 22, 2022, that have enabled the Company to operate in the ordinary course while under Chapter 11 protection. For detailed discussion about the Chapter 11 Cases, refer to Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.

On June 20, 2023 the Debtors filed with the Bankruptcy Court a proposed Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related proposed form of Disclosure Statement; (ii) on August 8, 2023, the Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement; and (iii) on September 7, 2023, the Second Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates (the “Plan”) and a related Disclosure Statement (the “Disclosure Statement”).

On September 19, 2023, the Debtors, the ad hoc group of the Debtors’ secured convertible notes holders (the “Ad Hoc Noteholder Group”) and the equity committee (the “Equity Committee”) reached an agreement in principle with respect to the economic terms of the Plan (the “Mediated Settlement”). The Debtors, the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee will continue to work and negotiate in good faith to document the Mediated Settlement, resolve certain open issues and revise the Plan and Disclosure Statement to incorporate the terms of the Mediated Settlement.

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Original DIP Credit Agreement and Restructuring Support Agreement

In connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, the Debtors entered into a Senior Secured Super-Priority Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2022 (the “Original DIP Credit Agreement”), with Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time-to-time party thereto (collectively, the “Original DIP Lenders”). The Original DIP Lenders are also holders or affiliates, partners or investors of holders under the Company’s notes sold pursuant to (i) the Secured Convertible Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2021 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), by and among Core Scientific, Inc. (as successor of Core Scientific Holding Co.), the guarantors party thereto from time to time, U.S. Bank National Association, as note agent and collateral agent, and the purchasers of the notes issued thereunder (the “Secured Convertible Notes”), and (ii) the Convertible Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 20, 2021, (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), by and among Core Scientific, Inc. (as successor of Core Scientific Holding Co.), the guarantors party thereto from time to time, U.S. Bank National Association, as note agent and collateral agent, and the purchasers of the notes issued thereunder (the “Other Convertible Notes,” and together with the Secured Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”).

Also in connection with the filing of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement (together with all exhibits and schedules thereto, the “Restructuring Support Agreement”) with the ad hoc group of noteholders, representing more than 70% of the holders of the Convertible Notes (the “Ad Hoc Noteholder Group”) pursuant to which the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group agreed to provide commitments for a debtor-in-possession facility (the “Original DIP Facility”) of more than $57 million and agreed to support the syndication of up to an additional $18 million in new money DIP (defined below) facility loans to all holders of Convertible Notes. The Company terminated the Restructuring Support Agreement pursuant to a “fiduciary out” which permitted the Company to pursue better alternatives.

Replacement DIP Credit Agreement

On February 2, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an interim order (the “Replacement Interim DIP Order”) authorizing, among other things, the Debtors to obtain senior secured non-priming super-priority replacement post-petition financing (the “Replacement DIP Facility”). On February 27, 2023, the Debtors entered into a Senior Secured Super-Priority Replacement Debtor-in-Possession Loan and Security Agreement governing the Replacement DIP Facility (the “Replacement DIP Credit Agreement”), with B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively, the “Replacement DIP Lender”). Proceeds of the Replacement DIP Facility were used to, among other things, repay amounts outstanding under the Original DIP Facility, including payment of all fees and expenses required to be paid under the terms of the Original DIP Facility. These funds, along with ongoing cash generated from operations, were anticipated to provide the necessary financing to effectuate the planned restructuring, facilitate the emergence from Chapter 11, and cover the fees and expenses of legal and financial advisors.

The Replacement DIP Facility, among other things, provides for a non-amortizing super-priority senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $70 million. Under the Replacement DIP Facility, (i) $35 million was made available following Bankruptcy Court approval of the Interim DIP Order and (ii) $35 million was made available following Bankruptcy Court approval of the Final DIP Order. Loans under the Replacement DIP Facility will bear interest at a rate of 10%, which will be payable in kind in arrears on the first day of each calendar month. The Administrative Agent received an upfront payment equal to 3.5% of the aggregate commitments under the Replacement DIP Facility on February 3, 2023, payable in kind, and the Replacement DIP Lender will receive an exit premium equal to 5% of the amount of the loans being repaid, reduced or satisfied, payable in cash. The Replacement DIP Credit Agreement includes representations and warranties, covenants applicable to the Debtors, and events of default. If an event of default under the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement occurs, the Administrative Agent may, among other things, permanently reduce any remaining commitments and declare the outstanding obligations under the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable.

The maturity date of the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement is December 22, 2023, which can be extended, under certain conditions, by an additional three months to March 22, 2024. The Replacement DIP Credit Agreement will also terminate on the date that is the earliest of the following (i) the effective date of the Plan with respect to the Borrowers (as defined in the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement) or any other Debtor; (ii) the consummation of any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Debtors pursuant to section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code; (iii) the date of the acceleration of the Loans and the termination of the Commitments (whether automatically, or upon any Event of Default or as otherwise provided in the Replacement DIP Credit Agreement); and (iv) conversion of the Chapter 11 Cases into cases under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.

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On March 1, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Replacement DIP Facility on a final basis and the terms under which the Debtors are authorized to use the cash collateral of the holders of their convertible notes (the “Final DIP Order”).

The Bankruptcy Court has appointed two official committees: the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (the "Creditors' Committee"), which represents general unsecured creditors, and the Official Committee of Equity Security Holders (the “Equity Committee”), which represents equity security holders. These committees have the right to be heard on all matters that come before the Bankruptcy Court and have important roles in the Chapter 11 Cases. The Debtors are required to bear certain costs and expenses of the committees, including those of their counsel and financial advisors, in each case subject to a limited budget.

NYDIG Settlement

On February 26, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “NYDIG Order”), whereby the Debtors and NYDIG agree that the Debtors would transfer the miners serving as collateral under the NYDIG Loan back to NYDIG over a period of several months in exchange for the full extinguishment of the NYDIG Loan. The final shipment of miners that served as collateral under the NYDIG loan occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, after which the NYDIG Loan was extinguished in full and the Company recorded a $20.8 million Gain on extinguishment of debt in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Priority Power Settlement

On March 20, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “Priority Power Order”), whereby the Debtors and Priority Power agree that the Debtors would transfer equipment to Priority Power and assume an Energy Management and Consulting Services Agreement and other new agreements. Priority Power was determined to have a single aggregate allowed claim of $20.8 million which was secured by a perfected mechanic’s lien. The claim was deemed paid and fully satisfied by transfer of specific equipment from the Debtors to Priority Power on the date of the Priority Power Order, thereby releasing all Priority Power liens. The satisfaction of the obligation and transfer of the equipment is a noncash transaction which resulted in a gain of $4.9 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

City of Denton Lease Settlement

On August 16, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “City of Denton Order”), approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of City of Denton and Denton Municipal Electric (“Denton”) against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens related to the Debtor’s lease of the Denton facility in exchange for Debtors execution lease cure costs totaling $1.5 million. The satisfaction of the settlement resulted in a loss of $1.5 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Huband-Mantor Construction Settlement

On August 18, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “HMC Order”), approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of HMC and its subcontractors against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens in favor of HMC and its subcontractors in exchange for Debtors payment of $2 million and the Debtors execution of a promissory note in favor of HMC in the principal amount of $15.5 million. The promissory note is secured by a mortgage of the Debtors Cottonwood 1 facility in Texas. The satisfaction of the settlement resulted in a loss of $8.3 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For more information on the promissory note, refer to Note 5 — Notes Payable to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.

Celsius Mining LLC Settlement

On September 14, 2023, the Debtors and Celsius entered into a purchase and sale agreement (the “PSA”) that provides in addition to a full mutual release of claims asserted against each party in the respective bankruptcy cases for a cash payment by Celsius to the Company of $14.0 million and a full and final release of all claims of Celsius against the Debtors related to the Celsius Contracts, in exchange for the Debtors, (i) sale to Celsius of the Debtor’s Ward County, Texas bitcoin mining data center site (the “Cedarvale Facility”) and certain related assets, (ii) grant to Celsius of a perpetual, non-transferable (except as described in Section 14 of the PSA), non-exclusive limited license to use identified Company intellectual property solely as and to the extent necessary to (x) finish construction and development of the Cedarvale Facility, (y) develop and construct other mining facilities on other properties owned or leased by Celsius similar in type and scope to the Cedarvale Facility, and (z) operate all of the foregoing, (iii) assumption and assignment to Celsius of certain executory contracts. In connection with the PSA the parties released and (iv) unequivocally

39

release claims against Celsius asserted by the Company in connection with the Celsius Chapter 11 Cases and the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases. On November 2, 2023, the Company received the payment of $14.0 million from Celsius in connection with the PSA.

As of September 30, 2023, there were $36.1 million of assets held for sale on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the sale of the Cedarvale Facility. Refer to Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for further discussion of the sale.

ACM ELF ST LLC Lease Settlement

In September 2023, the Company entered into a $7.2 million equipment finance agreement with ACM ELF ST LLC in settlement and satisfaction of a previous equipment finance agreement which resulted in a gain of $5.0 million recorded to Reorganization items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 5 — Notes Payable to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for further discussion of the promissory note.

J.W. Didado Electric, LLC Settlement

On October 2, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the parties agreement to settle all claims of W. Didado Electric, LLC (“Didado”) against the Debtors and releasing any and all liens related to the Debtor’s Muskogee datacenter in exchange for Debtors execution of an unsecured promissory note in favor of Didado in the principal amount of $13 million to be paid over 36 months upon emergence of bankruptcy.

Our Business Model

Company Overview

Core Scientific is a best-in-class, large-scale operator of purpose-built facilities for digital asset mining. Our operations are currently conducted in the United States at state-of-the-art facilities specifically designed and constructed for housing advanced mining equipment. The Company’s primary business is self-mining and hosting third-party equipment used in mining of digital asset coins and tokens, including bitcoin.

Since July 2018, we have operated for ourselves and on behalf of our customers and related parties, miners of varying models, types, and manufacturers, but primarily miners of bitcoin manufactured by Bitmain Technologies, Ltd (“Bitmain”). We have accumulated significant expertise in the installation, operation, optimization, and repair of digital mining equipment. We have expanded our self-mining operation to take advantage of the enhanced revenue opportunities of self-mining and opportunity to benefit from higher bitcoin prices.

Our hosting colocation business provides a full suite of services to digital asset mining customers. We provide deployment, monitoring, troubleshooting, optimization and maintenance of our customer’s digital asset mining equipment and provide necessary electrical power and repair and other infrastructure services necessary to operate, maintain and efficiently mine digital assets.

Our business strategy is to grow our revenue and profitability by increasing the capacity and efficiency of our self-mining fleet and entering into strategic, revenue-enhancing colocation opportunities with third parties. We intend to develop the infrastructure necessary to support business growth and profitability and capture adjacent opportunities that leverage our mining infrastructure, expertise and capabilities.

Our proprietary data centers in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, North Dakota and Texas are purpose-built facilities optimized for the unique requirements of high density blockchain computer servers. We are one of the largest blockchain infrastructure, digital asset mining, and colocation hosting provider companies in North America, with an average hourly operating power demand of approximately 586 MW for the three months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately 1,500 MW of contracted power capacity at our sites, including 500 MW of power allocated to the Muskogee, Oklahoma data center which remains substantially undeveloped. Our existing completed facilities leverage our specialized construction proficiency by employing high-density, low-cost engineering and power designs. We continually evaluate our mining performance, including our ability to access additional megawatts of electric power and to expand our total self-mining and customer and related party hosting hash rates. We may explore additional mining facilities and mining arrangements in connection with our short-, medium- and long-term strategic planning.

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Segments

We have two operating segments: “Hosting” which consists primarily of our blockchain infrastructure and third-party hosting business, and “Mining” consisting of digital asset mining for our own account. The blockchain hosting business generates revenue through the sale of consumption-based contracts for our hosting services which are recurring in nature. During 2022, our “Hosting” segment also included sales of mining equipment to customers, and was referred to as “Hosting and Equipment Sales”. The Mining segment generates revenue from operating owned computer equipment as part of a pool of users that process transactions conducted on one or more blockchain networks. In exchange for these services, we receive digital assets.

Mining Equipment

We own and host specialized computers (“miners”) configured for the purpose of validating transactions on multiple digital asset network blockchains (referred to as, “mining”), predominantly the bitcoin network. Substantially all of the miners we own and host were manufactured by Bitmain and incorporate application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) chips specialized to solve blocks on the bitcoin blockchains using the 256-bit secure hashing algorithm (“SHA-256”) in return for bitcoin digital asset rewards.

We have entered into agreements with mining equipment manufacturers to supply mining equipment for our digital asset mining operations. The majority of our purchases are made on multi-month contracts with installment payments due in advance of scheduled deliveries. Delivery schedules have ranged from one month to 12 months. We currently have two active purchase agreements with Bitmain. The first agreement is for the acquisition of 27,000 Antminer S19J XP miners to be delivered during the fourth quarter of 2023. The second agreement is for the acquisition of 12,600 Antminer S21 miners to be delivered during the first half of 2024. As of September 30, 2023, we are current on our payment commitments under both agreements.

As of September 30, 2023, we had deployed approximately 206,200 bitcoin miners, which number consists of approximately 144,300 self-miners and approximately 61,900 hosted miners, which represented 15.0 EH/s and 7.3 EH/s for self-miners and hosted miners, respectively.

The tables below summarize the total number of self- and hosted miners in operation as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (miners in thousands):

	Bitcoin Miners in Operation as of September 30, 2023
Mining Equipment	Hash rate (EH/s)	Number of Miners
Self-miners	15.0	144.3
Hosted miners	7.3	61.9
Total mining equipment	22.3	206.2

	Bitcoin Miners in Operation as of December 31, 2022
Mining Equipment	Hash rate (EH/s)	Number of Miners
Self-miners	15.7	153.0
Hosted miners	8.0	81.0
Total mining equipment	23.7	234.0

During the fourth quarter of December 31, 2022, the hosting contracts for 24 customers, (including two related-party customers) were terminated. The previously hosted ASIC servers were removed from our data center facilities and returned to the customers.

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Summary of Digital Asset Activity

Activity related to our digital asset balances for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Digital assets, beginning of period	$	724	$	234,298
Digital asset mining revenue, net of receivables*	278,100		323,337
Mining proceeds from shared hosting	10,321		—
Proceeds from sales of digital assets	(287,769)		(350,795)
Gain from sales of digital assets	2,351		25,007
Impairment of digital assets	(2,864)		(212,184)
Payment of board fee	(304)		—
Digital assets, end of period	$	559	$	19,663

* As of September 30, 2023, there was $0.9 million of digital asset receivable included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Performance Metrics

Hash Rate

Miners perform computational operations in support of digital asset blockchains measured in “hash rate” or “hashes per second.” A “hash” is the computation run by mining hardware in support of the blockchain; therefore, a miner’s “hash rate” refers to the rate at which it is capable of solving such computations. The original equipment used for mining bitcoin utilized the Central Processing Unit (“CPU”) of a computer to mine various forms of digital assets. Due to performance limitations, CPU mining was rapidly replaced by the Graphics Processing Unit (“GPU”), which offers significant performance advantages over CPUs. General purpose chipsets like CPUs and GPUs have since been replaced as the standard in the mining industry by ASIC chips such as those found in the miners we and our customers use to mine bitcoin. These ASIC chips are designed specifically to maximize the rate of hashing operations.

Network Hash Rate

In digital asset mining, hash rate is a measure of the processing speed at which a mining computer operates in its attempt to secure a specific digital asset. A participant in a blockchain network’s mining function has a hash rate equivalent to the total of all its miners seeking to mine a specific digital asset. System-wide, the total network hash rate reflects the sum total of all miners seeking to mine each specific type of digital asset. A participant’s higher total hash rate relative to the system-wide total hash rate generally results in a corresponding higher success rate in digital asset rewards over time as compared to mining participants with relatively lower total hash rates.

However, as the relative market price for a digital asset, such as bitcoin, increases, more users are incentivized to mine for that digital asset, which increases the network’s overall hash rate. As a result, a mining participant must increase its total hash rate in order to maintain its relative possibility of solving a block on the network blockchain. Achieving greater hash rate power by deploying increasingly sophisticated miners in ever greater quantities has become one of the bitcoin mining industry’s great sources of competition. Our goal is to deploy a powerful fleet of self- and hosted-miners, while operating as energy-efficiently as possible.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Market Price of Digital Assets

Our business is heavily dependent on the spot price of bitcoin, as well as other digital assets. The prices of digital assets, specifically bitcoin, have experienced substantial volatility, which may reflect “bubble” type volatility, meaning that high or low prices may have little or no relationship to identifiable market forces, may be subject to rapidly changing investor sentiment, and may be influenced by factors such as technology, regulatory void or changes, fraudulent actors, manipulation, and media reporting. Bitcoin (as well as other digital assets) may have value based on various factors, including their acceptance as a means of exchange by consumers and others, scarcity, and market demand.

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Our financial performance and continued growth depend in large part on our ability to mine for digital assets profitably and to attract customers for our hosting services. Increases in power costs, inability to mine digital assets efficiently and to sell digital assets at favorable prices will reduce our operating margins, impact our ability to attract customers for our services, may harm our growth prospects and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Over time, we have observed a positive trend in the total market capitalization of digital assets which suggests increased adoption. However, historical trends are not indicative of future adoption, and it is possible that the adoption of digital assets and blockchain technology may slow, take longer to develop, or never be broadly adopted, which would negatively impact our business and operating results.

Network Hash Rate

Our business is not only impacted by the volatility in digital asset prices, but also by increases in the competition for digital asset production. For bitcoin, this increased competition is described as the network hash rate resulting from the growth in the overall quantity and quality of miners working to solve blocks on the bitcoin blockchain, and the difficulty index associated with the secure hashing algorithm employed in solving the blocks.

Difficulty

The increase in bitcoin’s network hash rate results in a regular increase in the cryptographic complexity associated with solving blocks on its blockchain, or its difficulty. Increased difficulty reduces the mining proceeds of the equipment proportionally and eventually requires bitcoin miners to upgrade their mining equipment to remain profitable and compete effectively with other miners. Similarly, a decline in network hash rate results in a decrease in difficulty, increasing mining proceeds and profitability.

The table below provides a summary of the impact to revenue from the increase or decrease in the market price of bitcoin, difficulty and our hash rate. The impact to revenue in each scenario assumes only one driver increases or decreases and all others are held constant.

	Impact to Revenue
Driver	Increase in Driver	Decrease in Driver
Market Price of Bitcoin	Favorable	Unfavorable
Difficulty	Unfavorable	Favorable
Core Scientific Hash Rate	Favorable	Unfavorable

Halving

Further affecting the industry, and particularly for the bitcoin blockchain, the digital asset reward for solving a block is subject to periodic incremental halvening. Halvening is a process designed to control the overall supply and reduce the risk of inflation in digital assets using a proof of work consensus algorithm. At a predetermined block, the mining reward is reduced by half, hence the term “halvening.”

For bitcoin, our most significant digital asset to which the vast majority of our mining power is devoted, the reward was initially set at 50 bitcoin currency rewards per block. The bitcoin blockchain has undergone halvening three times since its inception, as follows: (1) on November 28, 2012, at block 210,000; (2) on July 9, 2016 at block 420,000; and (3) on May 11, 2020 at block 630,000, when the reward was reduced to its current level of 6.25 bitcoin per block. The next halvening for the bitcoin blockchain is anticipated to occur in early 2024 at block 840,000. This process will repeat until the total amount of bitcoin currency rewards issued reaches 21 million and the theoretical supply of new bitcoin is exhausted, which is expected to occur around the year 2140. Many factors influence the price of bitcoin and the other digital assets we may mine for, and potential increases or decreases in prices in advance of or following a future halvening are unknown.

Electricity Costs

Electricity is the major operating cost for the mining fleet, as well as for the hosting services provided to customers and related parties. The cost and availability of electricity are affected primarily by changes in seasonal demand, with peak demand during the summer months driving higher costs and increased curtailments to support grid operators. Severe winter weather can increase the cost of electricity and the frequency of curtailments when it results in a reduction in available wind and solar generated electricity, an increase in demand for electrical energy generally or damage to power transmission infrastructure that reduces the grid’s ability to

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deliver power. Geopolitical and macroeconomic factors, such as overseas military or economic conflict between states, can adversely affect electricity costs by raising the cost of power generation inputs such as natural gas. Locally, factors such as animal incursion, sabotage and other events out of our control can also impact electricity costs and availability.

Equipment Costs

The long-term trend of increasing digital assets market value has increased demand for the newest, most efficient miners and has at times resulted in scarcity in the supply of, and thereby a resulting increase in the price of, those miners. The recent decline in the market value of digital assets has resulted in an excess supply of miners and a decline in their price. As a result, the cost of new machines can be unpredictable, and could be significantly higher than our historical cost for new miners.

Our Customers

In addition to factors underlying our self-mining business growth and profitability, our success greatly depends on our ability to retain and develop opportunities with our existing customers and to attract new customers. On July 30, 2021, we acquired an existing hosting customer, Blockcap, Inc. (“Blockcap”), and thereby increased our self-mining operations.

Our business environment is constantly evolving, and digital asset miners can range from a declining number of individual enthusiasts to a growing number of professional mining operations with dedicated data centers. The Company competes with other enterprises that focus all or a portion of their activities on mining activities at scale. We face significant competition in every aspect of our business, including, but not limited to, the acquisition of new miners, the ability to raise capital, obtaining low-cost electricity, obtaining access to energy sites with reliable sources of power, and evaluating new technology developments in the industry.

At present, the information concerning the activities of these enterprises may not be readily available as the vast majority of the participants in this sector do not publish information publicly, or the information may be unreliable. Published sources of information include “bitcoin.org” and “blockchain.info”; however, the reliability of that information and its continued availability cannot be assured.

We believe, based on available data, that despite the significant decrease in market prices for bitcoin and other major digital assets during 2022, an increase in the scale and sophistication of competition in the digital asset mining industry has continued increasing network hash rate, with new entrants and existing competitors increasing the number of miners mining for bitcoin.

Despite this trend, we believe we have continued to maintain a competitive hash rate capacity among both public and private bitcoin miners. However, to remain competitive in our evolving industry, both against new entrants into the market and existing competitors, we anticipate that we will need to continue to expand our existing miner fleet by purchasing new and available used miners, as well as innovating to develop and implement new technologies and mining solutions.

We believe that our integrated blockchain service portfolio, as well as our differentiated customer experience and technology, are keys to retaining and growing revenue from existing customers and to acquiring new customers. For example, we believe our significant build-out and ready power along with our MinderTM fleet management software, represent meaningful competitive advantages favorable to our business.

Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our financial results, we use the following business metrics and non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, and make strategic decisions. For a definition of these key business metrics, see the sections titled “Self-Mining Hash Rate” and “Adjusted EBITDA” (below).

	September 30,
	2023	2022
Self-Mining Hash rate (Exahash per second)	15.0	13.0

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	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Adjusted EBITDA (in millions)	$	27.9	$	17.9	$	113.0	$	170.1

Self-Mining Hash Rate

We operate mining hardware which performs computational operations in support of the blockchain measured in “hash rate” or “hashes per second.” A “hash” is the computation run by mining hardware in support of the blockchain; therefore, a miner’s “hash rate” refers to the rate at which the hardware is capable of solving such computations. Our hash rate represents the hash rate of our miners as a proportion of the total bitcoin network hash rate and drives the number of digital asset rewards that will be earned by our fleet. We calculate and report our hash rate in exahash per second (“EH/s”). One exahash equals one quintillion hashes per second.

We measure the hash rate produced by our mining fleet through our management software MinderTM, which consolidates the reported hash rate from each miner. The method by which we measure our hash rate may differ from how other operators present such a measure.

Our self-mining hash rate was 15.0 EH/s and 13.0 EH/s as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively representing a 15% increase year over year.

Our combined self-mining and customer and related party hosting hash rate declined 1%, to 22.3 EH/s as of September 30, 2023, from 22.5 EH/s as of September 30, 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as our net income or (loss), adjusted to eliminate the effect of (i) interest income, interest expense, and other income (expense), net; (ii) provision for income taxes; (iii) depreciation and amortization; (iv) stock-based compensation expense; (v) gain on sale of intangible assets; (vi) Reorganization items, net; and (vii) certain additional non-cash or non-recurring items, which do not reflect our ongoing business operations. For additional information, including the reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA, please refer to the table below. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure because it allows management, investors, and our board of directors to evaluate and compare our operating results, including our return on capital and operating efficiencies, from period-to-period by making the adjustments described above. In addition, it provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business, as it removes the effect of net interest expense, taxes, certain non-cash items, variable charges, and timing differences. Moreover, we have included Adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because it is a key measurement used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic and financial planning.

The above items are excluded from our Adjusted EBITDA measure because these items are non-cash in nature, or because the amount and timing of these items is unpredictable, not driven by core results of operations and renders comparisons with prior periods and competitors less meaningful. However, you should be aware that when evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, we may incur future expenses similar to those excluded when calculating this measure. Our presentation of this measure should not be construed as an inference that its future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Further, this non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental basis. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies because not all companies calculate this measure in the same fashion. You should review the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Adjusted EBITDA
Net loss	$	(41,146)	$	(434,792)	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)
Adjustments:
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		2,317		74,734
Income tax expense	114		10,642		347		4,398
Depreciation and amortization	24,233		64,570		64,800		156,544
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	234		317		703		424
Gain on debt extinguishment	(374)		—		(21,135)		—
Stock-based compensation expense	14,861		29,753		41,414		166,548
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		—		(32,985)
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		—		186,853
Gain from sales of digital assets	(363)		(11,036)		(2,358)		(25,007)
Impairment of digital assets	681		7,986		2,864		212,184
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		268,512		—		1,059,265
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		59,259		—		59,259
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	340		—		514		13,057
Gain on sale of intangible assets	—		—		—		(5,904)
Cash restructuring charges	—		(125)		—		1,320
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		78,270		—
Fair value adjustment on acquired vendor liability	—		68		—		9,498
Equity line of credit expenses	—		1,431		—		1,431
Other items	(1,090)		(21)		(3,978)		(27)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	27,942	$	17,862	$	112,964	$	170,121

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue consists primarily of returns from our hosting operations, including the sales of mining equipment to be hosted in our data centers and digital asset mining income.

•Hosting revenue from customers and related parties. Hosting revenue from customers and related parties is based on electricity-based consumption contracts with our customers and related parties. Most contracts are renewable, and our customers are generally billed on a fixed and recurring basis each month for the duration of their contract, which vary from one to three years in length. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we initiated our first new customer contracts based on proceed sharing. Under these new contracts, customers pay for the cost of hosting and infrastructure and we share the proceeds that are generated. See Item 13 - “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence,” to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

•Equipment sales to customers and related parties. Equipment sales to customers and related parties is derived from our ability to leverage our partnerships with leading equipment manufacturers to secure equipment in advance, which is then sold to our customers and related parties. Our equipment sales are typically in connection with a hosting contract.

•Digital asset mining revenue. We operate a digital asset mining operation using specialized computers equipped with application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) chips (known as “miners”) to solve complex cryptographic algorithms in support of the bitcoin blockchain (in a process known as “solving a block”) in exchange for digital asset rewards (primarily bitcoin). The Company participates in “mining pools” organized by “mining pool operators” in which we share our mining

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power (known as “hash rate”) with the hash rate generated by other miners participating in the pool to earn digital asset rewards. The mining pool operator provides a service that coordinates the computing power of the independent mining enterprises participating in the mining pool. The pool uses software that coordinates the pool members’ mining power, identifies new block rewards, records how much hash rate each participant contributes to the pool, and assigns digital asset rewards earned by the pool among its participants in proportion to the hash rate each participant contributed to the pool in connection with solving a block. Revenues from digital asset mining are impacted by volatility in bitcoin prices, as well as increases in the bitcoin blockchain’s network hash rate resulting from the growth in the overall quantity and quality of miners working to solve blocks on the bitcoin blockchain and the difficulty index associated with the secure hashing algorithm employed in solving the blocks.

Cost of revenue

The Company’s Cost of Hosting Services and Cost of Digital Asset Mining primarily consist of electricity costs, salaries, stock-based compensation, depreciation of property, plant and equipment used to perform hosting services and mining operations and other related costs. Cost of Equipment Sales includes costs of computer equipment sold to customers.

Gain from sales of digital assets

Gain from sales of digital assets consists of gain on sales of digital assets.

Impairment of digital assets

We initially recognize digital assets that are received as digital asset mining revenue based on the fair value of the digital assets when earned and received. Digital assets that are purchased in an exchange of one digital asset for another digital asset are recognized at the fair value of the asset received at the time of the transaction.

These assets are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Impairment is measured using quoted prices of the digital asset at the time its fair value is being assessed. Quoted prices, including intraday low prices, are collected and utilized in impairment testing and measurement on a daily basis. To the extent that an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new costs basis of the digital asset.

Impairment losses are recognized in the period in which the impairment is identified. The impaired digital assets are written down to their fair value at the time of impairment and this new carrying value will not be adjusted upward for any subsequent increase in fair value. See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles

The Company does not amortize goodwill, but tests it for impairment annually as of October 31 each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units are less than their carrying amounts as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If management determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the reporting unit’s carrying amount, or management chooses not to perform a qualitative assessment, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test will be performed. The quantitative test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with the reporting unit’s carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, and the resulting measurement of goodwill becomes its new cost basis. The Company’s reporting units are the same as its reportable and operating segments.

The Company tests intangible assets subject to amortization whenever events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may affect the recoverability or the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets. Intangible assets may be impaired when the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset. If that comparison indicates that the intangible asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable, the impairment is measured based on the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the intangible asset. This evaluation is performed at the lowest level for which separately identifiable cash flows exist. Intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell.

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Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment

Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment are measured as the differences between the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment exchanged or disposed of and fair value of the consideration received upon exchange or disposal. The fair value of noncash consideration received in an exchange of property, plant and equipment is determined as of contract inception.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Each is outlined in more detail below.

•Research and development. We invest in research and development to build capabilities to extend our blockchain platform management and software solutions, in order to manage our mining fleet more efficiently, expand within existing accounts, and to gain new customers by offering differentiated blockchain hosting services. Research and development costs include compensation and benefits, stock-based compensation, other personnel related costs and professional fees.

•Sales and Marketing. Sales and Marketing expenses consist of marketing expenses, trade shows and events, professional fees, compensation and benefits, stock-based compensation and other personnel-related costs.

•General and administrative. General and administrative expenses include compensation and benefits expenses for employees who are not part of the research and development and sales and marketing organization, professional fees, and other personnel related expenses. Also included are stock-based compensation, professional fees, business insurance, auditor fees, bad debt, amortization of intangibles, franchise taxes, and bank fees.

Non-operating expenses, net:

Non-operating expenses, net includes gain on debt extinguishment, interest expense, net, fair value adjustment on convertible notes, fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities, reorganization items, net and other non-operating (income) expenses, net.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense consists of U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. We evaluate our ability to recognize our deferred tax assets quarterly by considering all positive and negative evidence available as proscribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) under its general principles of ASC 740, Income Taxes. See Note 10 — Income Taxes, in our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth our selected Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
Revenue:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Hosting revenue from customers	$	27,020	$	35,731	$	(8,711)	(24)	%
Hosting revenue from related parties	2,828		9,185		(6,357)		(69)	%
Equipment sales to customers	—		7,468		(7,468)		(100)	%
Equipment sales to related parties	—		29,693		(29,693)		(100)	%
Digital asset mining revenue	83,056		80,495		2,561		3	%
Total revenue	112,904		162,572		(49,668)		(31)	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	24,882		44,975		(20,093)		(45)	%
Cost of equipment sales	—		27,917		(27,917)		(100)	%
Cost of digital asset mining	72,603		116,756		(44,153)		(38)	%
Total cost of revenue	97,485		189,648		(92,163)		(49)	%
Gross profit (loss)	15,419		(27,076)		42,495		NM
Gain from sales of digital assets	363		11,036		(10,673)		(97)	%
Impairment of digital assets	(681)		(7,986)		7,305		(91)	%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(268,512)		268,512		(100)	%
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		59,259		(100)	%
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(340)		—		(340)		100	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	2,253		6,192		(3,939)		(64)	%
Sales and marketing	1,041		39		1,002		NM
General and administrative	23,511		43,346		(19,835)		(46)	%
Total operating expenses	26,805		49,577		(22,772)		(46)	%
Operating loss	(12,044)		(401,374)		389,330		(97)	%
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(374)		—		(374)		NM
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		(23,746)		(92)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		4,123		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		521		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		28,256		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(1,090)		1,478		(2,568)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	28,988		22,776		6,212		27	%
Loss before income taxes	(41,032)		(424,150)		383,118		(90)	%
Income tax expense	114		10,642		(10,528)		(99)	%
Net loss	$	(41,146)	$	(434,792)	$	393,646	(91)	%

NM - Not Meaningful

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Revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
Revenue:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Hosting revenue from customers	$	27,020		$	35,731		$	(8,711)	(24)	%
Hosting revenue from related parties	2,828			9,185			(6,357)		(69)	%
Equipment sales to customers	—			7,468			(7,468)		(100)	%
Equipment sales to related parties	—			29,693			(29,693)		(100)	%
Digital asset mining revenue	83,056			80,495			2,561		3	%
Total revenue	$	112,904		$	162,572		$	(49,668)	(31)	%
Percentage of total revenue:
Hosting revenue from customers	24		%	22		%
Hosting revenue from related parties	3		%	6		%
Equipment sales to customers	—		%	5		%
Equipment sales to related parties	—		%	17		%
Digital asset mining revenue	73		%	50		%
Total revenue	100		%	100		%

Total revenue decreased by $49.7 million to $112.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $162.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of the factors described below.

Total hosting revenue from customers decreased by $8.7 million or 24%, to $27.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $35.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in hosting revenue from customers was primarily driven by the termination of contracts for several customers in the portfolio at less profitable hosting rates, partially offset by the deployment of additional miners for existing customers as well as the addition of several hosted miners related to our shared proceeds hosting customers for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Total hosting revenue from related parties decreased by $6.4 million or 69%, to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in related party hosting revenue was primarily driven by the termination of hosting contracts during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Equipment sales to customers decreased by $7.5 million or 100%, to nil for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in equipment sales to customers was driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business due to the increasing number of hosting customers purchasing mining equipment directly from manufacturers for deployments in our data centers during the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Equipment sales to related parties decreased by $29.7 million or 100%, to nil for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $29.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in equipment sales to related parties was driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business due to the increasing number of customers purchasing mining equipment directly from manufacturers for deployments in our data centers during the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Digital asset mining revenue increased by $2.6 million to $83.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $80.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The year over year increase in mining revenue was driven primarily by a 32% increase in the price of bitcoin and an increase in our self-mining hash rate driven by an increase in the number of mining units deployed. The increase in mining revenue was partially offset by the 77% increase in the global bitcoin network hash rate. Our self-mining hash rate increased by 15%, to 15.0 EH/s for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from 13.0 EH/s for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The total number of bitcoins mined for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was 2,953 compared to 3,768 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The average price of bitcoin for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $28,091 as compared to $21,324 for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

50

Cost of revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenue	$	97,485		$	189,648		$	(92,163)	(49)	%
Gross profit (loss)	15,419			(27,076)			42,495		NM
Gross margin	14		%	(17)		%

Cost of revenue decreased by $92.2 million or 49%, to $97.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $189.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue totaled 86% and 117% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to decreased depreciation expense of $40.4 million driven by an adjustment to the depreciable base for the deployed self-mining units, $27.9 million of lower equipment sales costs due the Company exiting the selling of equipment, $25.5 million of lower power costs due to adjustments made for prior period deposits, and lower stock-based compensation of $2.9 million as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, partially offset by an increase in facility related expenses of $2.1 million.

Gain from sales of digital assets

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Gain from sales of digital assets	$	363		$	11,036		$	(10,673)	(97)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	7		%

Gain from sales of digital assets decreased by $10.7 million to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from a gain of $11.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gains are recorded when realized upon sale(s). In determining the gain to be recognized upon sale, we calculate the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the digital assets sold immediately prior to sale. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the carrying value of our digital assets sold was $88.5 million and proceeds were $88.1 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the carrying value of our digital assets sold was $93.5 million and the sales price was $104.5 million.

Impairment of digital assets

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of digital assets	$	(681)		$	(7,986)		$	7,305	(91)	%
Percentage of total revenue	(1)		%	(5)		%

Impairment of digital assets decreased by $7.3 million to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Impairment is measured using quoted prices of the digital asset at the time its fair value is being assessed. Quoted prices, including intraday low prices, are collected and utilized in impairment testing and measurement on a daily basis. If the then current carrying value of a digital asset exceeds the fair value so determined, an impairment loss has occurred with respect to those digital assets in the amount equal to the difference between their carrying value and the price determined. The carrying value of our digital assets amounted to $0.6 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

51

Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	$	—		$	(268,512)		$	268,512	(100)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	(165)		%

Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles decreased by $268.5 million to nil for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $268.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company identified a triggering event as of September 30, 2022, due to declines in the market price of bitcoin, the market price of our common stock and our market capitalization and, as such, we performed the quantitative test to compare the fair value to the carrying amount for each reporting unit. We concluded the carrying amount of the Mining reporting unit and Equipment Sales and Hosting reporting unit exceeded each reporting unit’s fair value and, as such, recorded an impairment of goodwill of $207.8 million in our Mining reporting unit and $58.2 million in our Equipment Sales and Hosting reporting unit. In addition, as part of the restructuring activities during the third quarter of 2022, the Company determined that $2.5 million of software intangible assets would no longer be used.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	$	—		$	(59,259)		$	59,259	(100)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	(36)		%

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we determined that the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment at the Cedarvale, Texas facility site may no longer be fully recoverable by the cash flows of the site. We measured the amount of impairment at the Cedarvale, Texas facility site as the difference between the carrying amount of the site asset group of $119.8 million and the estimated fair value of the site asset group of $60.5 million, resulting in an impairment of the facility site’s property, plant and equipment of $59.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	$	(340)		$	—		$	(340)	100	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	—		%

Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment increased by $0.3 million to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from nil for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This loss was due to the disposal of mining equipment.

52

Operating Expenses

Research and development

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development	$	2,253		$	6,192		$	(3,939)	(64)	%
Percentage of total revenue	2		%	4		%

Research and development expenses decreased by $3.9 million or 64%, to $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by lower stock-based compensation of $4.9 million as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, partially offset by higher personnel and employee related expenses of $0.5 million and an increase in software related expenses of $0.4 million.

Sales and marketing

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing	$	1,041		$	39		$	1,002	NM
Percentage of total revenue	1		%	—		%

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by $1.2 million higher stock-based compensation as prior year included an adjustment for forfeitures, partially offset by $0.2 million lower marketing and advertising-related expenses.

General and administrative

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	23,511		$	43,346		$	(19,835)	(46)	%
Percentage of total revenue	21		%	27		%

General and administrative expenses decreased by $19.8 million to $23.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $43.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by $8.4 million lower stock-based compensation as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, $5.9 million decrease in bad debt expense, $2.8 million of lower professional fees primarily related to expenses in the prior year to support public company readiness, $1.5 million lower employee related expenses such as travel, workplace expenses and software, $0.6 million of lower corporate taxes and $0.3 million of lower payroll and benefit costs associated with lower headcount.

53

Non-operating expenses, net

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
Non-operating expenses, net:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Gain on debt extinguishment	$	(374)	$	—	$	(374)	NM
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		(23,746)		(92)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		4,123		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		521		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		28,256		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expense, net	(1,090)		1,478		(2,568)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	$	28,988	$	22,776	$	6,212	27	%

Total non-operating expenses, net increased by $6.2 million, to $29.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from non-operating income, net of $22.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in non-operating expenses, net was primarily driven by a $28.3 million increase in Reorganization items, net related to DIP financing fees and bankruptcy advisor fees post-petition in the third quarter of 2023, and a fair value adjustment on convertible notes of $4.1 million (excluding interest expense and changes in instrument-specific credit risk) for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no adjustment for the same period in 2023, partially offset by a $23.7 million decrease in 2023 Interest expense, net resulting from the bankruptcy court ordered stay on payment of pre-petition obligations, including interest.

Income tax expense

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Income tax expense	$	114		$	10,642		$	(10,528)	(99)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	7		%

Income tax expense consists of U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, our income tax expense was $0.1 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, our income tax expense was $10.6 million. The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to losses and certain deductions for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

54

Segment Total Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table presents total revenue and gross profit by reportable segment for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Period over Period Change
	2023			2022		Dollar		Percentage
Hosting Segment	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue:
Hosting revenue	$	29,848		$	44,916	$	(15,068)	(34)	%
Equipment sales	—			37,161		(37,161)		(100)	%
Total revenue	29,848			82,077		(52,229)		(64)	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	24,882			44,975		(20,093)		(45)	%
Cost of equipment sales	—			27,917		(27,917)		(100)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	24,882		$	72,892	$	(48,010)	(66)	%
Gross profit	$	4,966		$	9,185	$	(4,219)	(46)	%
Hosting Margin	17		%	11%
Mining Segment
Digital asset mining revenue	$	83,056		$	80,495	$	2,561	3	%
Total revenue	83,056			80,495		2,561		3	%
Cost of revenue	72,603			116,756		(44,153)		(38)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	10,453		$	(36,261)	$	46,714	NM
Mining Margin	13		%	(45)%
Consolidated
Consolidated total revenue	$	112,904		$	162,572	$	(49,668)	(31)	%
Consolidated cost of revenue	$	97,485		$	189,648	$	(92,163)	(49)	%
Consolidated gross profit (loss)	$	15,419		$	(27,076)	$	42,495	NM

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $1.9 million for the Hosting segment and $22.0 million for the Mining segment. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $3.3 million for the Hosting segment and $61.1 million for the Mining segment.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the top customer accounted for approximately 45% and 10%, respectively, of the Hosting’s segment total revenue.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, gross profit in the Hosting segment decreased $4.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, reflecting a Hosting segment gross margin of 17% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a gross margin of 11% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in Hosting segment gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to decreased equipment sales costs driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business, lower power costs, and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenues as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap. The increase in the Hosting segment gross profit was partially offset by a decrease in hosting revenue driven by the termination of contracts for several customers in the portfolio at less profitable hosting rates.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, gross profit in the Mining segment increased $46.7 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to a higher Mining segment gross profit (loss) margin of 13% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to (45)% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the Mining segment gross profit was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation as a percentage of segment revenues, which was driven by an impairment adjustment to the depreciable base for the deployed self-mining units, lower power costs, a decrease in stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenues as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, and an increase in our self-mining hash rate, which was 15.0 EH/s for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 13.0 EH/s for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

55

A reconciliation of the reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Reportable segment gross profit (loss)	$	15,419	$	(27,076)	$	42,495	NM
Gain from sales of digital assets	363		11,036		(10,673)		(97)	%
Impairment of digital assets	(681)		(7,986)		7,305		(91)	%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(268,512)		268,512		(100)	%
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		59,259		(100)	%
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(340)		—		(340)		100	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	2,253		6,192		(3,939)		(64)	%
Sales and marketing	1,041		39		1,002		NM
General and administrative	23,511		43,346		(19,835)		(46)	%
Total operating expenses	26,805		49,577		(22,772)		(46)	%
Operating loss	(12,044)		(401,374)		389,330		(97)	%
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(374)		—		(374)		100	%
Interest expense, net	2,196		25,942		(23,746)		(92)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(521)		521		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		(4,123)		4,123		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	28,256		—		28,256		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(1,090)		1,478		(2,568)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	28,988		22,776		6,212		27	%
Loss before income taxes	$	(41,032)	$	(424,150)	$	383,118	(90)	%

56

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth our selected Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the periods indicated.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
Revenue:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Hosting revenue from customers	$	72,245	$	94,407	$	(22,162)	(23)	%
Hosting revenue from related parties	10,062		22,659		(12,597)		(56)	%
Equipment sales to customers	—		11,391		(11,391)		(100)	%
Equipment sales to related parties	—		67,269		(67,269)		(100)	%
Digital asset mining revenue	278,164		323,337		(45,173)		(14)	%
Total revenue	360,471		519,063		(158,592)		(31)	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	64,187		119,850		(55,663)		(46)	%
Cost of equipment sales	—		63,993		(63,993)		(100)	%
Cost of digital asset mining	212,125		279,576		(67,451)		(24)	%
Total cost of revenue	276,312		463,419		(187,107)		(40)	%
Gross profit	84,159		55,644		28,515		51	%
Gain from sales of digital assets	2,358		25,007		(22,649)		(91)	%
Impairment of digital assets	(2,864)		(212,184)		209,320		(99)	%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(1,059,265)		1,059,265		(100)	%
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		59,259		(100)	%
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(514)		(13,057)		12,543		(96)	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	5,308		24,305		(18,997)		(78)	%
Sales and marketing	3,133		11,675		(8,542)		(73)	%
General and administrative	69,671		174,380		(104,709)		(60)	%
Total operating expenses	78,112		210,360		(132,248)		(63)	%
Operating income (loss)	5,027		(1,473,474)		1,478,501		NM
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(21,135)		—		(21,135)		100	%
Interest expense, net	2,317		74,734		(72,417)		(97)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		186,853		(186,853)		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(32,985)		32,985		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	78,270		—		78,270		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(3,978)		4,997		(8,975)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	55,474		233,599		(178,125)		(76)	%
Loss before income taxes	(50,447)		(1,707,073)		1,656,626		(97)	%
Income tax expense	347		4,398		(4,051)		(92)	%
Net loss	$	(50,794)	$	(1,711,471)	$	1,660,677	(97)	%

NM - Not Meaningful

57

Revenue

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
Revenue:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Hosting revenue from customers	$	72,245		$	94,407		$	(22,162)	(23)	%
Hosting revenue from related parties	10,062			22,659			(12,597)		(56)	%
Equipment sales to customers	—			11,391			(11,391)		(100)	%
Equipment sales to related parties	—			67,269			(67,269)		(100)	%
Digital asset mining revenue	278,164			323,337			(45,173)		(14)	%
Total revenue	$	360,471		$	519,063		$	(158,592)	(31)	%
Percentage of total revenue:
Hosting revenue from customers	20		%	18		%
Hosting revenue from related parties	3		%	4		%
Equipment sales to customers	—		%	2		%
Equipment sales to related parties	—		%	13		%
Digital asset mining revenue	77		%	63		%
Total revenue	100		%	100		%

Total revenue decreased by $158.6 million to $360.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $519.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of the factors described below.

Total hosting revenue from customers decreased by $22.2 million or 23%, to $72.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $94.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in hosting revenue from customers was primarily driven by the termination of contracts for several customers in the portfolio at less profitable hosting rates and the associated reduction in the total number of hosting miners in the fleet for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Total hosting revenue from related parties decreased by $12.6 million or 56%, to $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in related party hosting revenue was primarily driven by the termination of hosting contracts during the fourth quarter of December 31, 2022.

Equipment sales to customers decreased by $11.4 million or 100%, to nil for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in equipment sales to customers was driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business due to the increasing number of hosting customers purchasing mining equipment directly from manufacturers for deployments in our data centers during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Equipment sales to related parties decreased by $67.3 million or 100%, to nil for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $67.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in equipment sales to related parties was driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business due to the increasing number of customers purchasing mining equipment directly from manufacturers for deployments in our data centers during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Digital asset mining revenue decreased by $45.2 million to $278.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $323.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The year over year decrease in mining revenue was driven primarily by a decrease in the price of bitcoin and an increase in the global bitcoin network hash rate, partially offset by the increase in our self-mining hash rate from increases in the number of mining units deployed. Our self-mining hash rate increased by 15%, to 15.0 EH/s for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 13.0 EH/s for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The total number of bitcoins mined for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was 10,721 compared to 10,335 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The average price of bitcoin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $26,353 as compared to $36,876 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of 29%.

58

Cost of revenue

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenue	$	276,312		$	463,419		$	(187,107)	(40)	%
Gross profit	84,159			55,644			28,515		51	%
Gross margin	23		%	11		%

Cost of revenue decreased by $187.1 million or 40%, to $276.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $463.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue totaled 77% and 89% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to $90.5 million of decreased depreciation expense driven by an adjustment to the depreciable base for the deployed self-mining units, $64.0 million of lower equipment sales costs due to the Company exiting the selling of equipment, and lower stock-based compensation of $19.7 million as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, lower power costs of $18.1 million due to adjustments made for prior period deposits, partially offset by an increase in facility expenses of $2.8 million.

Gain from sales of digital assets

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Gain from sales of digital assets	$	2,358		$	25,007		$	(22,649)	(91)	%
Percentage of total revenue	1		%	5		%

Gain from sales of digital assets decreased by $22.6 million to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from a gain of $25.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Gains are recorded when realized upon sale(s). In determining the gain to be recognized upon sale, we calculate the difference between the sales price and carrying value of the digital assets sold immediately prior to sale. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the carrying value of our digital assets sold was $285.4 million and proceeds were $287.8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the carrying value of our digital assets sold was $325.8 million and the sales price was $350.8 million.

Impairment of digital assets

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of digital assets	$	(2,864)		$	(212,184)		$	209,320	(99)	%
Percentage of total revenue	(1)		%	(41)		%

Impairment of digital assets decreased by $209.3 million to $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $212.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Impairment is measured using quoted prices of the digital asset at the time its fair value is being assessed. Quoted prices, including intraday low prices, are collected and utilized in impairment testing and measurement on a daily basis. If the then current carrying value of a digital asset exceeds the fair value so determined, an impairment loss has occurred with respect to those digital assets in the amount equal to the difference between their carrying value and the price determined. The carrying value of our digital assets amounted to $0.6 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	$	—		$	(1,059,265)		$	1,059,265	(100)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	(204)		%

Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles decreased by $1.1 billion to nil for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company identified a triggering event as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, due to declines in the Company’s stock price and market decline in the value of bitcoin and, as such, the Company performed the quantitative test to compare the fair value to the carrying amount for each reporting unit. The Company concluded the carrying amount of the Mining segment exceeded its fair value and, as such, recorded a $996.5 million impairment of goodwill in its Mining reporting unit and $58.2 million in our Equipment Sales and Hosting reporting unit. In addition, as part of the restructuring activities during the second quarter of 2022, the Company determined that $4.5 million of software intangible assets would no longer be used.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	$	—		$	(59,259)		$	59,259	(100)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	(36)		%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we determined that the carrying value of the property, plant and equipment at the Cedarvale, Texas facility site may no longer be fully recoverable by the cash flows of the site. We measured the amount of impairment at the Cedarvale, Texas facility site as the difference between the carrying amount of the site asset group of $119.8 million and the estimated fair value of the site asset group of $60.5 million, resulting in an impairment of the facility site’s property, plant and equipment of $59.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	$	(514)		$	(13,057)		$	12,543	(96)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	(3)		%

Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment decreased by $12.5 million to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to a noncash exchange of mining equipment during 2022.

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Operating Expenses

Research and development

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Research and development	$	5,308		$	24,305		$	(18,997)	(78)	%
Percentage of total revenue	1		%	5		%

Research and development expenses decreased by $19.0 million or 78%, to $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $24.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by lower stock-based compensation of $19.1 million as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, a decrease in professional fees of $0.6 million, partially offset by higher personnel and related expenses of $0.4 million.

Sales and marketing

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing	$	3,133		$	11,675		$	(8,542)	(73)	%
Percentage of total revenue	1		%	2		%

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $8.5 million or 73%, to $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by $7.3 million lower stock-based compensation as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, $0.7 million of lower advertising and marketing expenses and $0.4 million lower personnel and related expenses.

General and administrative

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	69,671		$	174,380		$	(104,709)	(60)	%
Percentage of total revenue	19		%	34		%

General and administrative expenses decreased by $104.7 million to $69.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $174.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by $79.0 million lower stock-based compensation as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, $9.8 million of lower professional fees primarily related to expenses in the prior year to support public company readiness, $5.9 million decrease in bad debt expense $4.1 million of lower payroll and benefit costs associated with lower headcount, $2.3 million lower employee related expenses such as travel and software, and lower corporate taxes of $0.7 million.

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Non-operating expenses, net

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
Non-operating expenses, net:	(in thousands, except percentages)
Gain on debt extinguishment	$	(21,135)	$	—	$	(21,135)	100	%
Interest expense, net	2,317		74,734		(72,417)		(97)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		186,853		(186,853)		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(32,985)		32,985		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	78,270		—		78,270		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(3,978)		4,997		(8,975)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	$	55,474	$	233,599	$	(178,125)	(76)	%

Total non-operating expenses, net decreased by $178.1 million, to $55.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $233.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in non-operating expenses, net was primarily driven by a fair value adjustment on convertible notes of $186.9 million (excluding interest expense and changes in instrument-specific credit risk) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no adjustment for the same period in 2023, a $72.4 million decrease in interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, resulting from the bankruptcy court ordered stay on payment of pre-petition obligations, including interest, and a $21.1 million gain on debt extinguishment primarily related to the settlement of the NYDIG Loan for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. These decreases in non-operating expenses were partially offset by a $78.3 million increase in Reorganization items, net related to DIP financing fees and bankruptcy advisor fees post-petition during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and a $33.0 million decrease in the fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities.

Income tax expense

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period over Period Change
	2023			2022			Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Income tax expense	$	347		$	4,398		$	(4,051)	(92)	%
Percentage of total revenue	—		%	1		%

Income tax expense consists of U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our income tax expense was $0.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The $4.1 million decrease in the provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022, was due to our ability to benefit a portion of the losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company was no longer able to benefit from losses, which were subject to a full valuation allowance. The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was lower than the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to losses and certain deductions for which no tax benefit can be recognized.

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Segment Total Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table presents total revenue and gross profit by reportable segment for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
Hosting Segment	(in thousands, except percentages)
Revenue:
Hosting revenue	$	82,307	$	117,066	$	(34,759)	(30)	%
Equipment sales	—		78,660		(78,660)		(100)	%
Total revenue	82,307		195,726		(113,419)		(58)	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of hosting services	64,187		119,850		(55,663)		(46)	%
Cost of equipment sales	—		63,993		(63,993)		(100)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	64,187	$	183,843	$	(119,656)	(65)	%
Gross profit	$	18,120	$	11,883	$	6,237	52	%
Hosting Margin	22%		6%
Mining Segment
Digital asset mining revenue	$	278,164	$	323,337	$	(45,173)	(14)	%
Total revenue	278,164		323,337		(45,173)		(14)	%
Cost of revenue	212,125		279,576		(67,451)		(24)	%
Gross profit	$	66,039	$	43,761	$	22,278	51	%
Mining Margin	24%		14%
Consolidated
Consolidated total revenue	$	360,471	$	519,063	$	(158,592)	(31)	%
Consolidated cost of revenue	$	276,312	$	463,419	$	(187,107)	(40)	%
Consolidated gross profit	$	84,159	$	55,644	$	28,515	51	%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $3.7 million for the Hosting segment and $60.8 million for the Mining segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cost of revenue included depreciation expense of $8.2 million for the Hosting segment and $146.8 million for the Mining segment.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the top customer accounted for approximately 48% and 8%, respectively, of the Hosting’s segment total revenue.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, gross profit in the Hosting segment increased $6.2 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, reflecting a Hosting segment gross margin of 22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to gross profit of 6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in Hosting segment gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to decreased equipment sales costs driven by the Company’s decision to exit the Equipment Sales business, lower power fees, and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenues as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap. The increase in the Hosting segment gross profit was partially offset by a decrease in hosting revenue driven by the termination of contracts for several customers in the portfolio at less profitable hosting rates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, gross profit in the Mining segment increased $22.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to a higher Mining segment gross profit of 24% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 14% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the Mining segment gross profit was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation as a percentage of segment revenues, which was driven by an impairment adjustment to the depreciable base for the deployed self-mining units, a decrease in stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenues as prior year included vesting acceleration associated with the acquisition of BlockCap, and an increase in our self-mining hash rate, which was 15.00 EH/s for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 13.0 EH/s for the nine months ended

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September 30, 2022. This increase in the Mining segment gross profit margin is partially offset by higher power costs and a 29% decrease in the average price of bitcoin.

A reconciliation of the reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Reportable segment gross profit	$	84,159	$	55,644	$	28,515	51	%
Gain from sales of digital assets	2,358		25,007		(22,649)		(91)	%
Impairment of digital assets	(2,864)		(212,184)		209,320		(99)	%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles	—		(1,059,265)		1,059,265		(100)	%
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	—		(59,259)		59,259		(100)	%
Losses on exchange or disposal of property, plant and equipment	(514)		(13,057)		12,543		(96)	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	5,308		24,305		(18,997)		(78)	%
Sales and marketing	3,133		11,675		(8,542)		(73)	%
General and administrative	69,671		174,380		(104,709)		(60)	%
Total operating expenses	78,112		210,360		(132,248)		(63)	%
Operating income (loss)	5,027		(1,473,474)		1,478,501		NM
Non-operating expenses, net:
Gain on debt extinguishment	(21,135)		—		(21,135)		100	%
Interest expense, net	2,317		74,734		(72,417)		(97)	%
Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities	—		(32,985)		32,985		(100)	%
Fair value adjustment on convertible notes	—		186,853		(186,853)		(100)	%
Reorganization items, net	78,270		—		78,270		100	%
Other non-operating (income) expenses, net	(3,978)		4,997		(8,975)		NM
Total non-operating expenses, net	55,474		233,599		(178,125)		(76)	%
Loss before income taxes	$	(50,447)	$	(1,707,073)	$	1,656,626	(97)	%

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Historically, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of equity securities, debt issuances, equipment financing arrangements and cash from operations, including sales of self-mined bitcoin and other digital assets. Subsequent to filing Chapter 11, our primary sources of cash are cash flows from operations, cash on hand and proceeds from the Original DIP Facility and the Replacement DIP Facility. At September 30, 2023, we have $35.0 million of undrawn borrowing capacity under the Replacement DIP Facility.

We have engaged Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP, as legal advisers, and PJT Partners LP and AlixPartners, LLP, as financial advisers, to assist the Company in managing the Chapter 11 Cases and developing, confirming, and consummating a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization or alternative restructuring transaction. As previously reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 30,2023, we reached an agreement in principle with the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee regarding the terms of a chapter 11 plan of reorganization, subject to the finalization of the Debtors’ Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates and a related Disclosure Statement, and the execution of a restructuring support agreement and other definitive documentation.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully emerge from the Chapter 11 Cases and generate sufficient liquidity from the restructuring to meet our obligations and operating needs. These factors, together with the Company’s recurring losses from operations and accumulated deficit, create substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Refer to “Recent Developments — Chapter 11 and Other Related Matters” above for more information on the Chapter 11 Cases and the effect on our liquidity.

Operating and Capital Resources

Historically, a substantial portion of our liquidity needs arose from debt service on our outstanding indebtedness and from funding the costs of operations, working capital and capital expenditures. Our previous level of capital expenditures have been reduced since filing Chapter 11 and we expect them to remain at a reduced level until our emergence from Chapter 11.

We have assessed our current and expected operating and capital expenditure requirements and our current and expected sources of liquidity, and have determined, based on our forecasted financial results and financial condition as of September 30, 2023, that our operating cash flows, existing cash balances, and access to the Replacement DIP Facility will be adequate to finance our working capital requirements, fund capital expenditures and make our required debt interest and principal payments, pay taxes and make other payments due under any plan of reorganization. We believe that a plan of reorganization, our current liquidity and expected funding requirements will allow us to operate for at least the next 12 months.

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, cash requirements and cash flows

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition.

	September 30,		December 31,		Period over Period Change
	2023		2022		Dollar		Percentage
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	42,146	$	15,884	$	26,262	165	%
Restricted cash	21,797		36,356		(14,559)		(40)	%
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	63,943	$	52,240	$	11,703	22	%

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, restricted cash of $21.8 million and $36.4 million, consisted of cash held in escrow under the Original DIP Credit Agreement and to pay for construction and development activities.

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The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash flows for the periods indicated.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beg. of period	$	52,240	$	131,678
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	43,411		89,201
Investing activities	(5,356)		(451,301)
Financing activities	(26,352)		268,066
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period	$	63,943	$	37,644

Our principal uses of cash in recent periods have been funding our operations and investing in capital expenditures.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $43.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $89.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to a decrease in net loss of $1.7 billion, a decrease in intangible impairments of $1.1 billion, a decrease in fair value adjustments on convertible notes of $211.0 million, a $209.3 million decrease in impairments of digital currency assets, a $125.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation, and a $45.2 million decrease in digital asset mining income.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was $5.4 million and $451.3 million, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was driven primarily by a $239.2 million decrease in purchases of property, plant and equipment and a $217.7 million decrease in deposits for self-mining equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $26.4 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $268.1 million. The change over prior year was due primarily to $216.2 million of proceeds from the issuance of debt and $210.5 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by principal payments on debt of $99.0 million.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

For a discussion of Commitments and Contractual Obligations, refer to Notes 7 — Leases and 8 — Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Other Events

In September 2023, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Bitmain to acquire 27,000 Antminer S19j XP 151TH model miners for a total purchase price of approximately $77.1 million. Delivery of the miners is expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2023, with all miners expected to be received and deployed by the first quarter of 2024.

Chapter 11 and Other Related Matters

For a discussion of Chapter 11 and Other Related Matters, refer to “Recent Developments — Chapter 11 and Other Related Matters” above for more information on the Chapter 11 Cases and the effect on our liquidity.

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Related Party Transactions

We have agreements to provide hosting services to various entities that are managed and invested in by individuals who are directors and executives of Core Scientific. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized hosting revenue from the contracts with these entities of $2.8 million and $10.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized hosting revenue from the contracts with these entities of $9.2 million and $22.7 million, respectively. In addition, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was no equipment sales revenue recognized to these same various entities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $29.7 million and $67.3 million, respectively, from these entities. A nominal amount was receivable from these entities as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Core Scientific reimburses certain of its officers and directors for use of a personal aircraft for flights taken on Company business. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred reimbursements of nil and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred reimbursements of $0.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no reimbursements payable.

Foreign Currency and Exchange Risk

The vast majority of our cash generated from revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies and estimates are those accounting policies and estimates that are both the most important to the portrayal of our net assets and results of operations and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates are developed based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Critical accounting estimates are accounting estimates where the nature of the estimates are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change and the impact of the estimates on financial condition or operating performance is material.

Preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to those disclosed in our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting standards relevant to our business, refer to Note 2─Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. We may take advantage of certain exemptions from various public company reporting requirements, including not being required to have our internal control over financial reporting audited by our independent registered public accounting firm under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments. We may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or until we are no longer an emerging growth company, whichever is earlier. In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) February 12, 2026, the fifth anniversary of XPDI’s initial public offering, (b) the last date of our fiscal year in which we have a total annual gross revenue of at

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least $1.07 billion, (c) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (d) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion about our market risk exposures involves forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements. For more information regarding the forward-looking statements used in this section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, see the cautionary note regarding Forward-Looking Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Risk Regarding the Price of Bitcoin

As of September 30, 2023, we held 21.02 bitcoin with a carrying value of $0.6 million. As of December 31, 2022, we held 43.55 bitcoin, with a carrying value of $0.7 million, all of which were produced from our bitcoin mining operations.

Quoted prices, including intraday low prices, are collected and utilized in impairment testing and measurement on a daily basis. To the extent that an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the digital asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted. See discussion under the heading “Impairment of digital assets” under Part I - Item 2. -Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report for further information.

We cannot accurately predict the future market price of bitcoin and, as such, we cannot accurately predict whether we will record impairment of the book value of our bitcoin assets. The future value of bitcoin will affect revenue from our operations, and any future impairment of the value of the bitcoin we mine and hold for our account would be reported in our financial statements and results of operations as charges against net income, which could have a material adverse effect on the market price for our securities.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) prior to the filing of this quarterly report.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, certain of our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2023, due to the following material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.

i.The Company did not design and implement program change management controls for certain financially relevant systems to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting the Company’s (i) financial IT applications, (ii) digital currency mining equipment, and (iii) underlying accounting records, are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately to validate that data produced by its relevant IT system(s) and were complete and accurate. Automated process-level controls and manual controls that are dependent upon the information derived from such financially relevant systems were also determined to be ineffective as a result of such deficiency.

ii.The Company did not design and/or implement user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties that would adequately restrict user and privileged access to the financially relevant systems and data to the appropriate Company personnel.

iii.The Company’s internal controls over financial reporting did not operate effectively at all times to ensure transactions were recorded timely and in accordance with GAAP. Appropriate segregation of duties was also not maintained at all times during the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the ongoing remediation efforts described below, during the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there was no change in Core Scientific, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Efforts to Address Disclosed Material Weakness

Our management, with oversight from our audit committee, has taken steps to implement the following remediation actions to address the previously disclosed material weaknesses and to improve our internal control over financial reporting, primarily through:

• increasing the depth and experience within our accounting and finance organization;

• enhancing the communication and coordination among our accounting and financial reporting department and expanded cross-functional involvement and input into period-end disclosures; and

• implementing additional internal reporting procedures, including enhancing the analytical procedures used to assess period-end balances, to add depth to our review process and improve our segregation of duties.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we continued to assess the design of existing controls and implement new controls as needed to remediate the previously identified material weakness. We have yet to complete the testing and evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of controls which are actively in process.

Limitations on Controls

Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. We may receive unfavorable preliminary or interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any litigation pending against us and any claims that could be asserted against us that arose prior to December 21, 2022, (subject to certain exceptions) are automatically stayed as a result of the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases pursuant to Section 362(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, subject to certain statutory exceptions.

Please refer to the discussion contained in Note 3 — Chapter 11 Filing and Other Related Matters and Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year December 31, 2022, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on April 4, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Filed Herewith
2.1††	Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization by and among Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition Corp., XPDI Merger Sub Inc., XPDI Merger Sub 2, LLC, and Core Scientific Holding Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No, 001-40046), filed with the SEC on July 21, 2021).
2.2††	First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization by and among Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition Corp., XPDI Merger Sub Inc., XPDI Merger Sub 2, LLC, and Core Scientific Holding Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed with the SEC on October 4, 2021).
2.3††	Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, by and among Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition Corp., XPDI Merger Sub Inc., and Core Scientific Holding Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 30, 2021).
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Core Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2022).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Core Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2022).
10.1	First Amendment to Replacement DIP Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 001-40046), filed with the SEC on July 6, 2023).
10.2	Resignation of Michael Levitt from his role as Chief Executive Office and appointment of Adam Sullivan to serve as interim Chief Executive Officer, as filed in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 2, 2023.
10.3	Second Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2023).
10.4	Debtors’ Second Amended Disclosure Statement for Debtors’ Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 7, 2023.
10.5	Purchase and Sale Agreement, by and between Core Scientific Operating Company and Celsius Mining LLC, date (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K file with the SEC on September 20, 2023).
10.6	Agreement in principle with the Ad Hoc Noteholder Group and the Equity Committee regarding the terms of a chapter 11 plan of reorganization, subject to the finalization of the Debtors’ Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Core Scientific, Inc. and its Debtor Affiliates as filed in the Company’s Current Report of From 8-K filed with the SEC on October 30, 2023.
31.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
31.2	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	X
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	X
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	X
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	X
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.	X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags)

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___________

†† Certain of the exhibits and schedules to these exhibits have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	CORE SCIENTIFIC, INC.
Date: November 3, 2023	By:	/s/ Denise Sterling
		Denise Sterling
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Duly Authorized Officer & Principal Financial Officer)

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