10-Q

ROC

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 001-40170

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware		98-1572314
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
	6800 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 200 Boca Raton, FL 33487 (561) 988-1704
	(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code, Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	LLAP	New York Stock Exchange
Warrants to purchase one share of common stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	LLAP WS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 7, 2023, the registrant had 194,461,361 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Deficit (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	5
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	43
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
Signatures		45

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	38,676		$	93,561
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $258 and $764    as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		15,298			4,754
Contract assets, net		4,748			6,763
Inventory		34,045			24,133
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		11,772			9,710
Total current assets		104,539			138,921
Property, plant, and equipment, net		47,090			24,743
Other assets		18,608			18,990
Total assets	$	170,237		$	182,654
Liabilities and shareholders' deficit:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	11,632		$	7,739
Accounts payable		31,379			21,188
Contract liabilities		13,439			27,228
Reserve for anticipated losses on contracts		1,013			2,860
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		15,770			11,721
Total current liabilities		73,233			70,736
Long-term debt		164,257			142,620
Warrant and derivative liabilities		32,416			39,950
Other liabilities		19,108			20,769
Total liabilities		289,014			274,075
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Shareholders' deficit:
Preferred stock - authorized 50,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; zero issued and outstanding		-			-
Common stock - authorized 600,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; issued and outstanding shares of 187,817,268 and 142,503,771 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		19			14
Additional paid-in capital		351,203			269,574
Accumulated deficit		(470,172	)		(361,168	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		173			159
Total shareholders' deficit		(118,777	)		(91,421	)
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit	$	170,237		$	182,654

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

2

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue	$	43,885		$	27,830		$	104,315		$	62,314
Cost of sales		34,194			27,793			95,221			68,784
Gross profit (loss)		9,691			37			9,094			(6,470	)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		29,003			24,696			90,265			84,283
Loss from operations		(19,312	)		(24,659	)		(81,171	)		(90,753	)
Interest expense, net		12,657			7,147			35,320			17,007
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			-			-			23,141
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(5,503	)		(6,001	)		(7,534	)		(2,325	)
Other (income) expense		(59	)		1,496			24			2,367
Loss before income taxes		(26,407	)		(27,301	)		(108,981	)		(130,943	)
Provision for income taxes		22			54			23			58
Net loss		(26,429	)		(27,355	)		(109,004	)		(131,001	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		37			138			14			327
Total comprehensive loss	$	(26,392	)	$	(27,217	)	$	(108,990	)	$	(130,674	)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic and diluted		178,624,492			143,276,708			159,856,355			123,317,997
Net loss per share
Basic and diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.68	)	$	(1.06	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

					Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Deficit
	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Deficit
Balance as of June 30, 2023		-	$	-		165,189,534	$	17	$	317,871	$	(443,743	)	$	136	$	(125,719	)
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(26,429	)		-		(26,429	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-		-		-		-			37		37
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		-		-		11,678,575		1		8,734		-			-		8,735
Issuance of warrants, net of issuance costs		-		-		-		-		20,784		-			-		20,784
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		3,774		-			-		3,774
Settlement of vested restricted stock units		-		-		1,872,782		-		-		-			-		-
Exercise of equity-classified warrants		-		-		9,035,000		1		-		-			-		1
Exercise of stock options		-		-		41,377		-		40		-			-		40
Balance as of September 30, 2023		-	$	-		187,817,268	$	19	$	351,203	$	(470,172	)	$	173	$	(118,777	)

					Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Deficit
	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Deficit
Balance as of June 30, 2022		-	$	-		137,590,808	$	14	$	248,133	$	(300,834	)	$	153	$	(52,534	)
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(27,355	)		-		(27,355	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-		-		-		-		-		-			138		138
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility		-		-		637,487		-		2,795		-			-		2,795
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		9,204		-			-		9,204
Settlement of vested restricted stock units		-		-		1,637,188		-		-		-			-		-
Exercise of stock options		-		-		97,173		-		123		-			-		123
Other		-		-		-		-		25		-			-		25
Balance as of September 30, 2022		-	$	-		139,962,656	$	14	$	260,280	$	(328,189	)	$	291	$	(67,604	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

3

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Mezzanine Equity				Shareholders' Deficit
	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Deficit
Balance as of December 31, 2022		-	$	-		142,503,771	$	14	$	269,574	$	(361,168	)	$	159	$	(91,421	)
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(109,004	)		-		(109,004	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-		-		-		-			14		14
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs						27,678,575		3		19,458							19,461
Issuance of warrants, net of issuance costs		-		-		-		-		44,182		-			-		44,182
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		17,529		-			-		17,529
Settlement of vested restricted stock units		-		-		4,023,001		-		-		-			-		-
Exercise of equity-classified warrants		-		-		13,000,000		2		-		-			-		2
Exercise of stock options		-		-		611,921		-		460		-			-		460
Balance as of September 30, 2023		-	$	-		187,817,268	$	19	$	351,203	$	(470,172	)	$	173	$	(118,777	)

							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Mezzanine Equity						Shareholders' Deficit
	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock						Common Stock
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders' Deficit
Balance as of December 31, 2021		396,870		$	8,000			2,849,414	$	-	$	97,745		$	(197,066	)	$	(36	)	$	(99,357	)
Retrospective application of reverse recapitalization		10,550,816			-			75,751,869		8		(8	)		-			-			-
Balance as of December 31, 2021 - Recast		10,947,686		$	8,000			78,601,283	$	8	$	97,737		$	(197,066	)	$	(36	)	$	(99,357	)
Adoption of accounting standard, net of tax		-			-			-		-		-			(122	)		-			(122	)
Net loss		-			-			-		-		-			(131,001	)		-			(131,001	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-			-			-		-		-			-			327			327
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock		(10,947,686	)		(8,000	)		10,947,686		1		7,999			-			-			8,000
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock		-			-			694,873		-		7,616			-			-			7,616
Net settlement of equity-classified warrants into common stock		-			-			22,343,698		2		(2	)		-			-			-
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment, net of issuance costs		-			-			16,114,695		2		6,926			-			-			6,928
Issuance of common stock in connection with financing transactions, net of issuance costs		-			-			4,325,000		1		40,733			-			-			40,734
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified		-			-			-		-		11,007			-			-			11,007
Issuance of contingently issuable common stock		-			-			4,095,569		-		44,887			-			-			44,887
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility		-			-			637,487				2,795									2,795
Share-based compensation		-			-			-		-		40,354			-			-			40,354
Settlement of vested restricted stock units		-			-			1,932,541		-		-			-			-			-
Exercise of stock options		-			-			269,824		-		269			-			-			269
Other		-			-			-		-		(41	)		-			-			(41	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022		-		$	-			139,962,656	$	14	$	260,280		$	(328,189	)	$	291		$	(67,604	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,031			2,612
Non-cash interest expense		23,047			8,581
Share-based compensation expense		17,529			40,354
Provision for losses on receivables and inventory		2,568			295
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			23,141
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(7,534	)		(2,325	)
Amortization of operating right-of-use assets		873			1,003
Other non-cash, net		198			1,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(10,784	)		(1,565	)
Contract assets		2,158			(12,370	)
Inventory		(11,756	)		(9,338	)
Accounts payable		7,975			11,532
Contract liabilities		(13,911	)		17,156
Reserve for anticipated losses on contracts		(1,846	)		572
Accrued interest		8			(2,289	)
Other, net		(771	)		(1,491	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(96,219	)		(54,133	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment		(18,455	)		(15,013	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(18,455	)		(15,013	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt		1,409			36,856
Proceeds from warrants and derivatives		47,445			42,247
Proceeds from Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment		-			58,424
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		22,172			14,791
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility		-			1,795
Repayment of long-term debt		(6,319	)		(30,958	)
Payment of issuance costs		(5,308	)		(45,746	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		460			269
Net cash provided by financing activities		59,859			77,678
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents		(70	)		(34	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(54,885	)		8,498
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		93,561			27,325
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	38,676		$	35,823
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Interest capitalized to property, plant, and equipment not yet paid	$	-		$	639
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment not yet paid		3,678			1,557
Depreciation and amortization capitalized to construction-in-process		-			158
Issuance costs not yet paid		912			2,687
Non-cash exchange and extinguishment of long-term debt		-			40,432
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock		-			8,000
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock		-			7,616
Net settlement of equity-classified warrants into common stock		-			(2	)
Non-cash issuance of common stock in connection with PIPE Investment		-			10,060
Non-cash issuance of common stock in connection with financing transactions		-			27,304
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified		-			11,007
Issuance of contingently issuable common stock		-			44,887

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Business

Terran Orbital Corporation, formerly known as Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp. (“Tailwind Two”), together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a leading manufacturer of satellite products primarily serving the aerospace and defense industries. The Company provides end-to-end satellite solutions by combining satellite design, production, launch planning, mission operations, and on-orbit support to meet the needs of its military, civil, and commercial customers. The Company has a foreign subsidiary based in Torino, Italy.

Tailwind Two Merger

Prior to March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two was a publicly listed special purpose acquisition company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company. On March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two acquired Terran Orbital Operating Corporation, formerly known as Terran Orbital Corporation (“Legacy Terran Orbital”) (the “Tailwind Two Merger”). In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Tailwind Two filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies and filed a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, resulting in Tailwind Two becoming a Delaware corporation and changing its name from Tailwind Two to Terran Orbital Corporation. The Tailwind Two Merger resulted in Legacy Terran Orbital becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation.

As a result of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of Legacy Terran Orbital's issued and outstanding common stock was converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock using an exchange ratio of 27.585 shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock per each share of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock. In addition, Legacy Terran Orbital's convertible preferred stock and certain warrants were exercised and converted into shares of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock immediately prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, and in turn, were converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as a result of the Tailwind Two Merger. Further, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Legacy Terran Orbital's share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards were cancelled and exchanged or converted, as applicable, with a new share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards of Terran Orbital Corporation. In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company entered into certain debt financing transactions that resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $23.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

While Legacy Terran Orbital became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital was deemed to be the acquirer in the Tailwind Two Merger for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Tailwind Two Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in which case the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of Legacy Terran Orbital and the issuance of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two recognized at historical cost and no recognition of goodwill or other intangible assets. Operations prior to the Tailwind Two Merger are those of Legacy Terran Orbital and all share and per-share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to give effect to the Tailwind Two Merger. In addition, the number of shares subject to, and the exercise price of, the Company’s outstanding options and warrants were adjusted to reflect the Tailwind Two Merger. The treatment of the Tailwind Two Merger as a reverse recapitalization was based upon the pre-merger shareholders of Legacy Terran Orbital holding the majority of the voting interests of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's existing management team serving as the initial management team of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's appointment of the majority of the initial board of directors of Terran Orbital Corporation, and Legacy Terran Orbital's operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, approximately $29 million of cash and marketable securities held in trust, net of redemptions by Tailwind Two's public shareholders, became available for use by the Company as well as proceeds received from the contemporaneous sale of common stock in connection with the closing of a PIPE investment with a contractual amount of $51 million (the “PIPE Investment”). In addition, the Company received additional proceeds from the issuance of debt contemporaneously with the Tailwind Two Merger. The cash raised was used for general corporate purposes, the partial paydown of debt, the payment of transaction costs and the payment of other costs directly or indirectly attributable to the Tailwind Two Merger.

Beginning on March 28, 2022, the Company's common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbols “LLAP” and “LLAP WS,” respectively. On October 20, 2023, we received written notice from the NYSE that the average closing price of our shares of common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period

6

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ended October 18, 2023, which is below the requirement for continued listing on the NYSE. As such, our shares of common stock will continue to trade under the symbol “LLAP” but will have an added designation of “.BC” to indicate that the status of the common stock is “below compliance” with the NYSE continued listing standards. The “.BC” indicator will be removed at such time as we are deemed to be in compliance.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, they include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to summarize fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The interim results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for future interim periods or the full year. For a more comprehensive understanding of the Company and its interim results, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all the footnote disclosures from the annual consolidated financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Terran Orbital Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s accounting policies used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements do not differ from those used for the annual consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

The Company evaluates and reports its segment information based on the manner in which its Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), evaluates performance and allocates resources. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company reports its results as a single operating and reportable segment on a consolidated basis. Where applicable, prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Company’s current operating and reportable segment structure.

There were no recently issued or recently adopted accounting pronouncements that had or are expected to have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to select accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s estimates are based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or market conditions.

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus as a pandemic (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The COVID-19 Pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption in the financial and capital markets.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has contributed to a worldwide shortage of electronic components which has resulted in longer than historically experienced lead times for such electronic components. The reduced availability to receive electronic components used in the Company’s operations has negatively affected its timing and ability to deliver products and services to customers as well as increased its costs in recent periods. In an effort to manage this disruption to its supply chain, the Company has focused on accumulating critical components to ensure an appropriate level of supply is available when needed.

The Company considered the emergence and pervasive economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in its assessment of its financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and certain accounting estimates as of and for the periods presented. The U.S. Government

7

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

allowed the national public health emergency declaration related to the COVID-19 Pandemic to expire on May 11, 2023, and the WHO ended the global emergency status for the COVID-19 Pandemic on May 5, 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the time of purchase.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Payroll-related accruals	$	8,291	$	5,671
Current operating lease liabilities		1,342		971
Accrued interest		2,114		2,107
Other current liabilities		4,023		2,972
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	15,770	$	11,721

Research and Development

Research and development includes materials, labor, and overhead allocations attributable to the development of new products and solutions and significant improvements to existing products and solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Research and development expense was $3.8 million and $5.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.6 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and contract assets.

The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major financial institutions. Certain account balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits of $250,000 per account. As a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of the insurance limits. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that there is no exposure to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and contract assets are limited because a large portion of our balances are related to (i) reputable companies with significant financial resources or (ii) customer programs in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer.

A small number of customers and contracts historically have represented a significant portion of the Company's consolidated revenue. Lockheed Martin Corporation (“Lockheed Martin”) represented approximately 79% and 77% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 79% and 75% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rivada Space Networks GmbH (“Rivada”) represented approximately 12% and 0% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 6% and 0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no other individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue during the periods presented.

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s combined accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, and contract assets, net of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Customer A	47%	0%
Customer B	29%	42%
Customer C	7%	11%
Customer D	0%	12%
Total	83%	65%

Note 2 Revenue and Receivables

The Company applies the following five steps in order to recognize revenue from contracts with customers: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, the Company assesses whether the goods or services promised within the contract represent a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the best estimate of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation, which is estimated using the expected-cost-plus-margin approach. Generally, the Company’s contracts with customers are structured such that the customer has the option to purchase additional goods or services. Customer options to purchase additional goods or services do not represent a separate performance obligation as the prices for such options reflect the stand-alone selling prices for the additional goods or services. Contracts are generally priced on a firm-fixed price basis, cost-plus fee basis, or time and materials basis.

The Company recognizes the transaction price allocated to the respective performance obligation as revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company's contracts with customers relate to the creation of specialized assets that do not have alternative use and entitle the Company to an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Accordingly, the Company generally measures progress towards the satisfaction of a performance obligation over time using the cost-to-cost input method.

Payments for costs not yet incurred or for costs incurred in anticipation of providing a good or service under a contract with a customer in the future are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Estimate-at-Completion (“EAC”)

The recognition of revenue over time using the cost-to-cost input method is dependent on the Company’s cost estimate-at-completion (“EAC”), which is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. EAC represents the total estimated cost-at-completion and is comprised of direct material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead applicable to a performance obligation. There is a company-wide standard and periodic EAC process in which the Company reviews the progress and execution of outstanding performance obligations. As part of this process, the Company reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include the Company’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. The Company must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g., to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from customers and overhead cost rates, among other variables.

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Based on the results of the periodic EAC process, any adjustments to revenue, cost of sales, and the related impact to gross profit are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in gross profit during the performance of individual performance obligations, if it is determined the Company will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in gross profit if it is determined the Company will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of the Company’s performance obligations.

Contract modifications often relate to changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications are considered to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price, and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Some of the Company’s long-term contracts contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount to which the Company is expected to be entitled. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available. The unfunded portion of enforceable contracts are accounted for as variable consideration.

For contracts in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer, the Company follows U.S. Government procurement and accounting standards in assessing the allowability and the allocability of costs to contracts. Due to the significance of the judgments and estimation processes, it is likely that materially different amounts could be recorded if different assumptions were used or if the underlying circumstances were to change. The Company monitors the consistent application of its critical accounting policies and compliance with contract accounting. Business operations personnel conduct periodic contract status and performance reviews. When adjustments in estimated contract revenues or costs are determined, any material changes from prior estimates are included in earnings in the current period. Also, regular and recurring evaluations of contract cost, scheduling and technical matters are performed by Company personnel who are independent from the business operations personnel performing work under the contract. Costs incurred and allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency for compliance with regulatory standards.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Below is a summary of the Company’s accounting by type of revenue:

•Mission Support: Mission support services primarily relate to the integrated design, manufacture, and assembly of satellites for customers.

•Launch Support: Launch support services relate to the assistance the Company provides in the process of launching a satellite into space by identifying and securing launch opportunities with launch providers as well as coordinating and managing the activities leading up to the launch event on behalf of customers.

•Operations: Operations relates to the management, operations, and communication of information of satellites that are on-orbit on behalf of a customer.

•Studies, Design and Other: Studies, design and other services primarily relate to professional engineering feasibility studies and preliminary design services for customers.

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the Company’s disaggregated revenue by offering and customer type for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Mission support	$	42,359	$	25,554	$	100,495	$	57,945
Launch support		215		826		1,244		1,422
Operations		291		865		660		1,598
Studies, design and other		1,020		585		1,916		1,349
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
U.S. Government contracts
Fixed price	$	33,247	$	13,505	$	80,723	$	34,173
Cost-plus fee and other		2,394		2,320		5,757		7,408
		35,641		15,825		86,480		41,581
Foreign government contracts
Fixed price		1,938		1,420		5,017		3,031
Commercial contracts
Fixed price, U.S.		140		8,323		2,175		14,400
Fixed price, International		730		2,262		3,932		3,302
Cost-plus fee and other, U.S.		32		-		83		-
Cost-plus fee and other, International		5,404		-		6,628		-
		6,306		10,585		12,818		17,702
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue from remaining performance obligations is calculated as the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of the end of the reporting period on executed contracts, including both funded (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded portions of such contracts. Remaining performance obligations do not include unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts.

During February 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Rivada providing for the development, production, and operation of 300 satellites, inclusive of 12 in-orbit spares and ground station equipment, for a total purchase price of $2.4 billion (the “Rivada Agreement”). The agreement also includes options for additional satellites, equipment, and services, including an option for the purchase of an additional 300 satellites. Performance under the agreement will be split into a developmental phase, with amounts billed on a time and materials basis, and a firm fixed price production phase. Rivada has an option to terminate the agreement for convenience at any time and for any reason, which would result in a termination fee for work performed up to such termination. In addition, the agreement includes termination provisions for default in the event of missed delivery targets or deadlines, insolvency, or other failures to perform, which could result in the refund of all amounts paid up to such termination. Whether the Company ultimately recognizes revenue and profit on this contract is subject to a number of uncertainties including, among other things, its ability to successfully perform its obligations, increase its manufacturing capacity, and deliver operational satellites in a timely manner and Rivada’s continuing ability to fund contract performance and maintain its regulatory licenses for its operations. The amount of revenue recognized under the Rivada Agreement was $5.4 million and $6.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $2.6 billion of remaining performance obligations, of which $2.4 billion is related to the Rivada Agreement. While the Rivada Agreement is subject to uncertainty regarding the timing of performance, the

11

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Company estimates that all of its performance obligations will be satisfied and recognized as revenue by December 31, 2027. Of the remaining performance obligations, approximately $187 million is expected to be recognized as revenue by December 31, 2025.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

For each of the Company’s contracts with customers, the timing of revenue recognition, customer billings, and cash collections results in a net contract asset or liability at the end of each reporting period.

Fixed-price contracts are typically billed to the customer either using progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance-based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis.

Contract assets

Contract assets relate to instances in which revenue recognized exceeds amounts billed to customers and are reclassified to accounts receivable when the Company has an unconditional right to the consideration and bills the customer. Contract assets are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will bill the customer and are not considered to include a significant financing component as the payment terms are intended to protect the customer in the event the Company does not perform on its obligations under the contract.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses against its contract assets for amounts not expected to be recovered. The allowance is recognized at inception and is reassessed each reporting period. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not material for the periods presented.

Contract assets from products and services for which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer was $1.6 million and $5.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of contract assets, net, recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Contract assets, gross	$	4,806		$	6,840
Allowance for credit losses		(58	)		(77	)
Contract assets, net	$	4,748		$	6,763

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all contract assets were classified as current assets.

There were no material impairments of contract assets during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities relate to advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligations. Contract liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will satisfy the underlying performance obligations and are not considered to include a significant financing component as they are generally utilized to procure materials needed to satisfy a performance obligation or are used to ensure the customer meets contractual requirements.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all contract liabilities were classified as current liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $26.1 million and $17.1 million, respectively, that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities.

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent unconditional rights to consideration due from customers in the ordinary course of business and are generally due in one year or less. Accounts receivable are recorded at amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses, which is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of its accounts receivable. The Company reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses by considering the age of each outstanding invoice and the collection history of each customer. Accounts receivable that are deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified.

Accounts receivable from products and services for which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer was $4.4 million and $1.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents changes in the allowance for credit losses for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Beginning balance	$	764		$	945
Adoption of CECL		-			39
Provision for credit losses		194			40
Write-offs		(700	)		(790	)
Ending balance	$	258		$	234

Reserve for Anticipated Losses on Contracts

When the estimated cost-at-completion exceeds the estimated revenue to be earned for a performance obligation, the Company records a reserve for the anticipated losses in the period the loss is determined. The reserve for anticipated losses on contracts is presented as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a component of cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-35, Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.

The Company recorded an increase in cost of sales related to the reserve for anticipated losses on contracts of $0.2 million and a decrease in cost of sales of $1.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and increases in cost of sales of $0.1 million and $0.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Note 3 Inventory

Inventory consists of parts and sub-assemblies that are ultimately consumed in the manufacturing and final assembly of satellites. When an item in inventory has been identified and incorporated into a specific satellite, the cost of the sub-assembly is charged to cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory includes direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead and is determined on a first-in-first-out basis. Inventory is presented net of an allowance for losses associated with excess and obsolete items, which is estimated based on the Company’s current knowledge with respect to inventory levels, planned production, and customer demand.

The components of inventory as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	18,363	$	19,194
Work-in-process		15,682		4,939
Total inventory	$	34,045	$	24,133

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4 Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment, net is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost for company-owned satellite assets includes amounts related to design, construction, launch, and commission. Cost for ground stations includes amounts related to construction and testing. Interest is capitalized on certain qualifying assets that take a substantial period of time to develop for their intended use. Depreciation expense is calculated using the sum-of-the-years’ digits or straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Machinery and equipment	5-7 years
Satellites	3-5 years
Ground station equipment	5-7 years
Office equipment and furniture	5-7 years
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term

The determination of the estimated useful life of company-owned satellites involves an analysis that considers design life, random part failure probabilities, expected component degradation and cycle life, predicted fuel consumption and experience with satellite parts, vendors and similar assets.

Depreciation expense was $2.3 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.0 million and $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are expensed when incurred.

The gross carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, and net carrying amount of property, plant, and equipment, net as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	25,296		$	13,066
Satellites		2,209			2,209
Ground station equipment		2,095			1,944
Office equipment and furniture		4,544			2,958
Software		1,174			240
Leasehold improvements		20,796			9,734
Construction-in-process		11,429			9,467
Property, plant, and equipment, gross		67,543			39,618
Accumulated depreciation		(20,453	)		(14,875	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	47,090		$	24,743

Construction-in-process primarily includes machinery, leasehold improvements, and ground station equipment not yet placed into service.

The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment, net for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the net carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. The Company groups assets at the lowest level for which cash flows are separately identified. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the net carrying amount of the asset group to its expected future undiscounted cash flows. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows of the asset group are less than its net carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the net carrying amount exceeds the fair value less costs to sell. The calculation of the fair value less costs to sell of an asset group is based on assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk.

There were no impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

14

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 5 Debt

Long-term debt (including accrued interest to be paid-in-kind) as of the presented periods was comprised of the following:

(in thousands)
Description	Issued	Maturity	Interest Rate	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Francisco Partners Facility	November 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	$120,023	$120,023
Lockheed Martin Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	25,000	25,000
Beach Point Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	11.25%	Quarterly	32,218	31,741
Convertible Notes due 2027	October 2022	October 2027	10.00%	Quarterly	109,491	101,699
PIPE Investment Obligation	March 2022	December 2025	N/A	N/A	18,750	22,500
Equipment financings(1)					2,067	859
Finance leases(2)					5,437	411
Unamortized deferred issuance costs					(2,785)	(3,073)
Unamortized discount on debt					(134,312)	(148,801)
Total debt					175,889	150,359
Current portion of long-term debt					11,632	7,739
Long-term debt					$164,257	$142,620

(1) - Consists of equipment financing debt agreements, primarily entered into during 2023, with maturities through September 2030, annual interest rates ranging from 6.25% to 20.05%, and requiring monthly payments of interest and principal.

(2) - Refer to Note 14 “Leases” for further discussion.

There were no significant changes in the Company’s long-term debt, except for the commencement of certain machinery and equipment finance leases, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In October 2023, the Company paid $1.875 million related to the PIPE Investment Obligation, which was outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

Note 6 Warrants and Derivatives

The Company’s warrants and derivatives consist of freestanding financial instruments and embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation issued in connection with the Company’s debt and equity financing transactions. The Company does not have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

The Company evaluates whether each warrant or derivative represents a liability-classified financial instrument within the scope of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, or either a liability-classified or equity-classified financial instrument within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

Warrants and derivatives classified as liabilities are recognized at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are remeasured at fair value as of each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Warrants and derivatives classified as equity are recognized at fair value in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are not subsequently remeasured.

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Liability-classified Warrants and Derivatives

The fair values of liability-classified warrants and derivatives recorded in warrant and derivative liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the presented periods were as follows:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares as of September 30, 2023		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise/Conversion Price		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Public Warrants		19,221,960	March 2021	March 2027	$	11.50	$	2,883	$	1,922
Private Placement Warrants		78,000	March 2021	March 2027		11.50		12		8
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704	March 2022	March 2027		10.00		20,481		18,573
2027 Warrants		17,253,279	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		6,736		13,707
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		2,304		5,740
Warrant and derivative liabilities		82,626,518					$	32,416	$	39,950

There were no significant changes in the Company’s liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, except for changes in fair value.

The changes in liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were predominately related to the Tailwind Two Merger and were as follows:

(in thousands)	Current Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	68,518		$	5,631		$	74,149
Initial recognition from Tailwind Two Merger		-			13,124			13,124
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		13,342			(15,667	)		(2,325	)
Reclassification of current warrant and derivative liabilities to warrant and derivative liabilities		(25,966	)		25,966			-
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified		(11,007	)		-			(11,007	)
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock		-			(7,616	)		(7,616	)
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		(44,887	)		-			(44,887	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	-		$	21,438		$	21,438

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TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity-classified Warrants and Derivatives

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s equity-classified warrants and derivatives were comprised of the following:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise Price
Combination Warrants		2,763,902	March 2022	March 2027	$	10.00
RDO Warrants		29,000,000	May 2023	November 2028		1.43
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000	May 2023	May 2028		1.60
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants		11,535,715	September 2023	N/A		0.0001
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290	September 2023	September 2028		1.50
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000	September 2023	September 2028		1.75
Total equity-classified warrants and derivatives		70,168,907

There were no significant changes to the Company’s equity-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, except as discussed below.

Registered Direct Offering

On May 30, 2023, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) with an institutional investor in which the Company received proceeds of approximately $37.1 million for the sale and issuance of (i) 16 million shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 13 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 29 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.43 (the “RDO Warrants”). In connection with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company incurred third-party issuance costs of $4.5 million, inclusive of the $1.5 million fair value recognized associated with 2 million warrants issued to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.60 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Company allocated the $37.1 million proceeds received and the $4.5 million of third-party issuance costs between the issued common stock, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the RDO Warrants based on relative fair value. Accordingly, the Company allocated proceeds of $12.2 million and issuance costs of $1.5 million to common stock and proceeds of $24.9 million and issuance costs of $3.0 million to equity-classified warrants and derivatives. The proceeds and issuance costs were recognized as additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as financing cash flows in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The fair values of the common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants were estimated based on the market price of the Company’s common stock while the fair values of the RDO Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised.

Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

On September 21, 2023, the Company completed a confidentially marketed public offering (the “CMPO”) in which the Company received proceeds of approximately $32.5 million for the sale and issuance of approximately (i) 11.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 11.5 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 23.2 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share (the “CMPO Warrants”). In connection with the CMPO, the Company incurred third-party issuance costs of $4 million, inclusive of the $1.1 million fair value recognized associated with 1.6 million warrants issued to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 (the “CMPO Placement Agent Warrants”). The Company allocated the $32.5 million proceeds received and the $4.0 million of third-party issuance costs between the issued common stock, the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants, and the CMPO Warrants based on relative fair value. Accordingly, the Company allocated proceeds of $10.0 million and issuance costs of $1.2 million to common stock and proceeds of $22.5 million and issuance costs of $2.8 million to equity-classified warrants and derivatives. The proceeds and issuance costs were recognized as additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as financing cash flows in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

17

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The fair values of the common stock and CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants were estimated based on the market price of the Company’s common stock while the fair values of the CMPO Warrants and CMPO Placement Agent Warrants were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Note 7 Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market, or if none exists, the most advantageous market, for the specific asset or liability at the measurement date (the exit price). The fair value is based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. A fair value measurement is assigned a level within the fair value hierarchy depending on the source of the inputs utilized in estimating the fair value measurement as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Fair Value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s Common Stock

Prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, there was no public market for Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock. As such, the fair value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock was estimated using an option pricing model, which allocated the total enterprise value of the Company to the different classes of equity as of the valuation date.

The significant assumptions used in the option pricing model included: (i) total enterprise value of Legacy Terran Orbital based on the guideline publicly-traded company method, guideline transaction method, market calibration method and discounted cash flow method; (ii) liquidation preferences, conversion values, and participation thresholds of different equity classes; (iii) probability-weighted time to a liquidity event; (iv) expected volatility based upon the historical and implied volatility of common stock for the Company’s selected peers; (v) expected dividend yield of zero as the Company does not have a history or plan of declaring dividends on its common stock; (vi) risk-free interest rate based on U.S. treasury bonds with a zero-coupon rate, (vii) implied valuation, timing, and probability of the Tailwind Two Merger; and (viii) a discount for the lack of marketability of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock at that time. The fair value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock represented a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Following the Tailwind Two Merger, there is a public market for Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock and certain warrant and derivative liabilities. Accordingly, the fair value of Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock and applicable warrant and derivative liabilities is based on the closing price on the relevant valuation date as reported on the NYSE.

Warrant and Derivative Liabilities

The fair values of certain warrant and derivative liabilities were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses the following significant inputs and assumptions for each security as of the valuation date: (i) the price per share of common stock, (ii) the exercise price, (iii) the risk-free interest rate, (iv) the dividend yield, (v) the contractual term, and (vi) the estimated volatility. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

The fair values of certain warrant and derivative liabilities were estimated using models similar to that of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and included additional assumptions. Depending on the circumstances and features of the instruments, additional assumptions included or consisted of: (i) the estimated counterparty credit spread based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (ii) the implied valuation, timing, and probability of closing the Tailwind Two Merger, (iii) the estimated redemption rate of the Tailwind Two’s public shareholders, and (iv) a discount for the lack of marketability of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

18

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The final fair values of certain warrants and derivatives were based on the number of shares of Terran Orbital Corporation common stock issued as part of the Tailwind Two Merger and the price per share of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as of the Tailwind Two Merger and represent Level 1 fair value measurements.

The fair value of the Public Warrants was based on their quoted market price as of each valuation date and represents a Level 1 fair value measurement. As the Private Placement Warrants are substantially similar to the Public Warrants, their fair value was based on the quoted market price of the Public Warrants as of each valuation date and represents a Level 2 fair value measurement.

The fair value of the Conversion Option Derivative was estimated as the difference in the fair value of the Convertible Notes due 2027 inclusive of the conversion option and the fair value of the Convertible Notes due 2027 exclusive of the conversion option. The fair value inclusive of the conversion option was estimated using a lattice model with the following significant inputs and assumptions: (i) time to maturity, (ii) coupon rate, (iii) discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (iv) risk-free interest rate, (v) contractual features such as prepayment options, call premiums and default provisions, (vi) price per share of common stock, (vii) dividend yield, and (viii) estimated volatility. The fair value exclusive of the conversion option was estimated using a discounted cash flow method using a discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below plus a risk-free interest rate. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

The assumptions underlying the above valuations represented the Company’s best estimate, which involved inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. If the Company had used different assumptions or estimates, the fair values above could have been materially different.

Long-term Debt

The following table presents the total net carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt instruments, excluding finance leases, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Long-term debt	$	170,452	$	276,376	$	149,948	$	257,810

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company's long-term debt, except as otherwise described, was estimated using a lattice model with the following significant inputs and assumptions: (i) time to maturity, (ii) coupon rate, (iii) discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (iv) risk-free interest rate, and (v) contractual features such as prepayment options, call premiums and default provisions. The fair value related to Convertible Notes due 2027 was exclusive of the conversion option and estimated as described above. The fair value of long-term debt related to the PIPE Investment Obligation was estimated using a discounted cash flow method applied to the remaining quarterly payments using a discount rate based on a risk-free rate derived from constant maturity yields plus a credit risk derived from an estimated credit rating of CCC and below. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

Note 8 Shareholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

Subsequent to the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company was authorized to issue up to 300 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each share of common stock entitles the shareholder to one vote. In May 2023, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 600,000,000.

Registered Direct Offering

In connection with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company issued 16 million shares of common stock with allocated proceeds of $12.2 million and allocated issuance costs of $1.5 million.

19

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

In connection with the CMPO, the Company issued 11.7 million shares of common stock with allocated proceeds of $10.0 million and allocated issuance costs of $1.2 million.

Tailwind Two Merger

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 11 million shares of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two, which were recognized at historical cost, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger and issued 5.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment. The Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment resulted in allocated cash proceeds of $58.4 million with aggregate allocated third-party issuance costs of $48.4 million and the assumption of the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants with an aggregate fair value of $13.1 million. In addition, the Company issued 4.3 million shares of common stock as consideration for certain financing transactions in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger.

Committed Equity Facility

On July 5, 2022, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Committed Equity Facility”) with an institutional investor giving the Company the right, but not the obligation, to sell to the investor over a 24-month period up to the lesser of (i) $100 million of newly issued shares of our common stock and (ii) 27,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The price per share of common stock sold is determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock as defined within the Committed Equity Facility less a 3% discount, subject to certain limitations and conditions. The total net proceeds that the Company will receive under the Committed Equity Facility will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to B. Riley under the Committed Equity Facility. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold and issued 637,487 shares of common stock to B. Riley under the Committed Equity Facility, including 214,791 shares issued on July 5, 2022 as consideration for B. Riley’s commitment to enter into the Committed Equity Facility, resulting in proceeds received of $1.8 million and $1 million of other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company expensed third-party costs associated with the Committed Equity Facility of approximately $380 thousand and $773 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining availability under the Committed Equity Facility was the lesser of 27,077,304 shares of common stock or $98.2 million of proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock. In connection with the CMPO, the Company is restricted from selling common stock under the Committed Equity Facility until after its expiration.

Preferred Stock

Subsequent to the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company is authorized to issue up to 50 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. There were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

As part of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of the convertible preferred stock of Legacy Terran Orbital was converted into approximately 10.9 million shares of Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock. As a result of the conversion, the Company reclassified the amount of convertible preferred stock to additional paid-in capital.

Note 9 Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense totaled $3.8 million and $9.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $17.5 million and $40.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Prior to the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of the Company's outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) included a performance condition that required a liquidity event to occur in order to vest. Accordingly, the Company previously did not recognize share-based compensation expense associated with the RSUs as their performance condition was not probable of being met until such an event occurred. Upon closing of the Tailwind Two Merger in March 2022, the Company recorded a cumulative catch-up of approximately $17.2 million to begin recognition of share-based compensation expense associated with these RSUs as the performance condition was

20

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

met, of which $2.1 million was recorded to cost of sales and $15.1 million was recorded to selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on the classification of each employee's compensation expense.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted approximately 8.6 million RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.57 per unit based on the public market price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of grant. These RSUs will primarily vest over a four-year period.

During October 2023, the Company granted approximately 550 thousand RSUs that will vest over a four-year period.

Note 10 Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Equity-classified warrants that are exercisable for nominal consideration are included in basic weighted-average shares outstanding at the time of issuance.

Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all securities having a dilutive effect on net loss, weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, or both. The effect from potential dilutive securities included, but was not limited to: (i) incremental shares of common stock calculated using the if-converted method for the Convertible Notes due 2027 and Conversion Option Derivative, and the PIPE Investment Obligation; (ii) incremental shares of common stock calculated using the treasury stock method for warrants and share-based compensation awards; (iii) incremental shares and potential shares of common stock that were contingently issuable upon closing of the Tailwind Two Merger; and (iv) the corresponding impact to net loss associated with the preceding considerations.

The RDO Warrants and CMPO Warrants each meet the definition of a participating security because they are entitled to participate in distributions by the Company while in the form of a warrant; however, the RDO Warrants and CMPO Warrants are not required to share in the net losses of the Company. Accordingly, these participating securities do not have an impact on basic net loss per share in periods of net loss and with no distributions.

For purposes of the diluted net loss per share computation, all potentially dilutive securities were excluded because their (i) effect would be anti-dilutive, (ii) exercise price was “out-of-the-money,” or (iii) contingent issuance conditions were unsatisfied. As a result, diluted net loss per share was equal to basic net loss per share for each period presented.

The table below represents the anti-dilutive securities that could potentially be dilutive in the future for the periods presented:

	As of September 30,
(in shares of common stock)	2023		2022
Stock options		1,047,327		1,806,287
Restricted stock units		22,538,032		15,172,238
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704		8,291,704
Combination Warrants		2,763,902		2,763,902
Public Warrants		19,221,960		11,499,960
Private Placement Warrants		78,000		7,800,000
2027 Warrants		17,253,279		—
RDO Warrants		29,000,000		—
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000		—
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290		—
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000		—
PIPE Investment Obligation		13,554,217		12,711,864
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575		—

21

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The computations of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(26,429	)	$	(27,355	)	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		178,624,492			143,276,708			159,856,355			123,317,997
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.68	)	$	(1.06	)

Note 11 Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $22 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.1%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of net operating losses (“NOLs”) offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $54 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $23 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $58 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Note 12 Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Other Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is subject to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, such as contractual disputes and employment matters. The Company is also subject to regulatory and governmental examinations, information requests and subpoenas, inquiries, investigations, and threatened legal actions and proceedings. The Company records accruals for losses that are probable and reasonably estimable. These accruals are based on a variety of factors such as judgment, probability of loss, and opinions of internal and external legal counsel. Legal costs in connection with claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business are expensed as incurred.

Class Action

In February 2023, a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”), Case No. 1:23-cv-01394. The litigation was instituted by Jeffrey Mullen on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated. In July 2023, an amended complaint was filed by Jeffrey Mullen, Robert Irwin, Justin Carnahan and Thomas Bennett, each on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, naming the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, and the members of Legacy Terran Orbital’s Board of Directors as defendants. The amended class action complaint (as amended, the “Complaint”) asserts claims for violations of Section 11(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 and Section 158 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and

22

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

breach of fiduciary duties, resulting from the Company’s alleged failure to timely transfer shares of common stock to current and former employee shareholders after the consummation of the Tailwind Two Merger and alleges materially false and misleading statements made in the Company’s Form S-4 Registration Statement and Proxy Prospectus primarily relating to the process for exchanging shares in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger. The Complaint seeks an award of damages, an award of reasonable costs and expenses at trial, including counsel and expert fees, and an award of such other relief as deemed appropriate by the Court. The Company intends to defend this action vigorously.

Commercial Agreements

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company entered into commercial agreements to purchase an aggregate amount of $20 million of goods and services over three years from two affiliates of a PIPE investor, which became effective upon the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $12.9 million of the purchase obligations remained outstanding under these commercial agreements.

In 2022, the Company entered into a purchase obligation of $22.4 million for the procurement of components related to a customer program. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $3.2 million of the purchase obligation remained outstanding.

Note 13 Related Party Transactions

Lockheed Martin

Lockheed Martin, directly and through its wholly-owned subsidiary Astrolink International, LLC (“Astrolink”), is a significant holder of debt and equity instruments of the Company.

On June 26, 2017, the Company entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Lockheed Martin (the “Strategic Cooperation Agreement”) pursuant to which the parties agreed to (i) collaborate on the development, production and sale of satellites for use in U.S. Government spacecraft and spacecraft procurements and (ii) establish a cooperation framework to enable the parties to enter into projects, research and development agreements and other collaborative business arrangements and “teaming activities.”

On October 31, 2022, the Company and Lockheed Martin terminated the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, as amended, and entered into a new Strategic Cooperation Agreement (the “2022 SCA”), pursuant to which the parties have agreed to continue to share business development opportunities and work collaboratively on small satellite and other aerospace and defense opportunities and ventures. Unless earlier terminated, the 2022 SCA has a term of 13 years and will terminate in 2035. During the term of the 2022 SCA, Lockheed Martin will be entitled to appoint a director to the Company’s board of directors and to appoint a separate board observer. As part of the 2022 SCA, the Company has also agreed that it will not make any public announcement with respect to, or seek approval by the board of directors of, any sale transaction or Fundamental Change (as defined in certain financing agreements) with respect to the Company, or any other extraordinary transaction involving the Company, with any other person regarding any of the foregoing, without giving prior notice to Lockheed Martin and to include Lockheed Martin in any such sale process, in each case, subject to the fiduciary duties of the board of directors and management of the Company.

Revenue

The Company recognized revenue from Lockheed Martin of $34.9 million and $21.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $82.3 million and $46.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the Company had accounts receivable due from Lockheed Martin of $3.7 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and contract assets from contracts with Lockheed Martin of $2.0 million and $4.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had contract liabilities from contracts with Lockheed Martin of $2.7 million and $22.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, programs associated with Lockheed Martin represented approximately 3% and 81% of the Company's remaining performance obligations, respectively.

23

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Expenses

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred approximately $3.6 million of expenses in connection with engineering and research and development support provided by Lockheed Martin.

GeoOptics, Inc.

The Company owns a non-controlling equity interest in GeoOptics, Inc. (“GeoOptics”), a privately held company engaged in the acquisition and sale of Earth observation data and a purchaser of products and services from the Company. Additionally, one of the Company’s executive officers serves as a member of the GeoOptics board of directors. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s $1.7 million investment in GeoOptics represented less than a 3% ownership interest and was fully impaired.

The Company recognized revenue from GeoOptics of $190 thousand and $1.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company did not recognize any revenue from GeoOptics during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Transactions with Chairman and CEO

The Company leases office space in a building owned by its Chairman and CEO with a lease term of April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2026. The Company has a one-time right to extend the lease for a period of five additional years. The lease payments under this lease were approximately $61 thousand and $59 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $180 thousand and $175 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

PIPE Investment Obligation

An affiliate of a director and shareholder of the Company invested $30 million as part of the PIPE Investment in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger (the “Insider PIPE Investment”) in March 2022. The subscription agreement for the Insider PIPE Investment included a provision that obligates the Company to pay the affiliate a quarterly fee of $1.875 million for sixteen quarters beginning with the period ending March 31, 2022 (the “PIPE Investment Obligation”). The first four quarterly payments were to be paid in cash and the remaining payments are to be paid, at the Company's option, in cash or common stock of the Company, subject to subordination to and compliance with the Company's debt facilities and other contractual arrangements.

The Insider PIPE Investment resulted in proceeds received of $30 million, of which $13 million was allocated to proceeds from debt and $17 million was allocated to proceeds from the PIPE Investment in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on relative fair value. Refer to Note 5 “Debt” for further discussion.

Note 14 Leases

As part of normal operations, the Company leases real estate and equipment from various counterparties with lease terms and maturities extending through 2032.

24

TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets related to operating and finance leases as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets:
Operating	Other assets	$	12,300	$	12,736
Finance	Property, plant, and equipment, net		6,483		420
Total right-of-use assets		$	18,783	$	13,156
Lease liabilities
Operating	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,342	$	971
Finance	Current portion of long-term debt		1,874		90
Operating	Other liabilities		18,396		19,426
Finance	Long-term debt		3,563		321
Total lease liabilities		$	25,175	$	20,808

The following is a summary of the Company’s lease cost for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease cost (in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,785	$	1,824	$	5,334	$	4,934
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets		592		19		858		26
Interest on lease liabilities		165		5		231		9
Variable lease costs		757		196		1,195		670
Total lease cost	$	3,299	$	2,044	$	7,618	$	5,639

The following is a summary of the cash flows and supplemental information associated with the Company’s leases for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Other information (in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,554	$	2,610
Operating cash flows from finance leases		231		9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		621		22
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases		299		10,544
Finance leases		5,736		402

Lease payments prior to commencement are classified in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on the expected classification of the lease upon commencement and are excluded from the table above. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, lease payments prior to the commencement of finance leases totaled $1.7 million.

In February 2023, the Company executed an operating lease for manufacturing and assembly space with an original lease term of 124 months, which is expected to commence no later than in February 2024 and has total future minimum lease payments of approximately $34.5 million.

25

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”). This section is intended to (i) provide material information relevant to the assessment of our results of operations and cash flows; (ii) enhance the understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations; and (iii) discuss material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future performance or of future financial condition.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and financial performance based on current plans and estimates involving risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, which could differ materially from actual results. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in our 2022 Annual Report, the prospectus dated April 18, 2023 (including the prospectus supplements dated May 24, 2023 and September 18, 2023) related to our Registration Statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-271093), which was declared effective by the SEC on April 18, 2023, and other of our filings with the SEC. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

OVERVIEW

Terran Orbital Corporation, formerly known as Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp. (“Tailwind Two”), together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Terran Orbital”), is a leading manufacturer of satellite products primarily serving the aerospace and defense industries. We provide end-to-end satellite solutions by combining satellite design, production, launch planning, mission operations, and on-orbit support to meet the needs of our military, civil, and commercial customers. We have a foreign subsidiary based in Torino, Italy.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

All financial information presented in this section has been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”), excluding our Non-GAAP measures, and includes the accounts of Terran Orbital Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

We evaluate and report our segment information based on the manner in which our Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), evaluates performance and allocates resources. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, we report our results as a single operating and reportable segment on a consolidated basis. Where applicable, prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect our current operating and reportable segment structure.

FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATING RESULTS

Our financial success is based on our ability to deliver high quality products and services on a timely basis and at a cost-effective price for our customers. With the majority of our contracts with customers reflecting firm fixed pricing structures, our gross profit is dependent on the efficient and effective execution of our contracts. Our ability to maximize gross profit may be impacted by, but not limited to, unanticipated cost overruns, disruptions in our supply chains, and learning curve and non-recurring engineering costs related to our contracts with customers. Furthermore, our overall profitability may be impacted by our internal research and development initiatives associated with developing new and innovative technology, including the expansion of our offerings to include additional satellite bus designs, payload solutions, satellite subassemblies and components, and other defense-related products.

From time to time, we may strategically enter into contracts with low or negative margins relative to other contracts or that are at risk of cost overruns. This may occur due to strategic decisions built around positioning ourselves for future contracts or to enhance our product and service offerings. However, in some instances, loss contracts may occur from unforeseen cost overruns which are not recoverable from the customer. We establish loss reserves on contracts in which the cost estimate-at-completion (“EAC”) exceeds the estimated revenue. The loss reserves are recorded in the period in which a loss is determined. Our reference to adjustments to EAC in the context of describing our results of operations relates to net changes during the period in our aggregate program contract values and estimated costs at completion and include the net impact of contract terminations, cost overruns, and loss reserves.

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We are actively expanding our headcount, manufacturing facilities, and office space in order to position ourselves to be awarded and have the capacity to execute on larger contracts with recurring revenue opportunities. These growth initiatives are principally located in Irvine, California near our existing facilities. Our existing portfolio of contracts includes multiple-satellite constellations as well as several technology demonstrations, prototypes, and studies with the potential for option exercises or follow-on contracts for multiple-satellite constellations. Accordingly, we are incurring a heightened level of operating expenses in advance of larger customer awards. These opportunities are subject to numerous uncertainties, including but not limited to: the customer may withdraw the opportunity, we may not submit a proposal, or we may not win a contract award or the full value of the award.

We may experience variability in the profitability of our contracts in the future and such future variability may occur at levels and frequencies different from historical experience. Such variability in profitability may be due to strategic decisions, cost overruns or other circumstances within or outside of our control. Accordingly, our historical experience with profitability on our contracts is not indicative or predictive of future experience.

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus as a pandemic (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The COVID-19 Pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption in the financial and capital markets.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has contributed to a worldwide shortage of electronic components which has resulted in longer than historically experienced lead times for such electronic components. The reduced availability to receive electronic components used in our operations has negatively affected our timing and ability to deliver products and services to customers as well as increased costs in recent periods. In an effort to manage this disruption to our supply chain, we have focused on accumulating critical components to ensure an appropriate level of supply is available when needed.

We have considered the ongoing and pervasive economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in our assessment of our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and certain accounting estimates as of and for the periods presented. The U.S. Government allowed the national public health emergency declaration related to the COVID-19 Pandemic to expire on May 11, 2023, and the WHO ended the global emergency status for the COVID-19 Pandemic on May 5, 2023.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

The comparability of our results of operations has been impacted by the following events:

Tailwind Two Merger

Prior to March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two was a publicly listed special purpose acquisition company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company. On March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two acquired Terran Orbital Operating Corporation, formerly known as Terran Orbital Corporation (“Legacy Terran Orbital”) (the “Tailwind Two Merger”). In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Tailwind Two filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies and filed a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, resulting in Tailwind Two becoming a Delaware corporation and changing its name from Tailwind Two to Terran Orbital Corporation. The Tailwind Two Merger resulted in Legacy Terran Orbital becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation.

As a result of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of Legacy Terran Orbital's issued and outstanding common stock was converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock using an exchange ratio of 27.585 shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock per each share of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock. In addition, Legacy Terran Orbital's convertible preferred stock and certain warrants were exercised and converted into shares of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock immediately prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, and in turn, were converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as a result of the Tailwind Two Merger. Further, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Legacy Terran Orbital's share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards were cancelled and exchanged or converted, as applicable, with a new share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards of Terran Orbital Corporation.

While Legacy Terran Orbital became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital was deemed to be the acquirer in the Tailwind Two Merger for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Tailwind Two Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in which case the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of Legacy Terran Orbital and the issuance of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two recognized at historical cost and no recognition of goodwill or other intangible assets. Operations prior to the Tailwind Two Merger are those of Legacy Terran Orbital and all share and per-share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted

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to give effect to the Tailwind Two Merger. In addition, the number of shares subject to, and the exercise price of, the Company’s outstanding options and warrants were adjusted to reflect the Tailwind Two Merger. The treatment of the Tailwind Two Merger as a reverse recapitalization was based upon the pre-merger shareholders of Legacy Terran Orbital holding the majority of the voting interests of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's existing management team serving as the initial management team of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's appointment of the majority of the initial board of directors of Terran Orbital Corporation, and Legacy Terran Orbital's operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, approximately $29 million of cash and marketable securities held in trust, net of redemptions by Tailwind Two's public shareholders, became available for use to Terran orbital Corporation as well as proceeds received from the contemporaneous sale of common stock in connection with the closing of a PIPE investment with a contractual amount of $51 million (the “PIPE Investment”). In addition, the Company received additional proceeds from the issuance of debt contemporaneously with the Tailwind Two Merger. The cash raised was used for general corporate purposes, the partial paydown of debt, the payment of transaction costs and the payment of other costs directly or indirectly attributable to the Tailwind Two Merger.

Beginning on March 28, 2022, Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbols “LLAP” and “LLAP WS,” respectively.

Public Company Costs

As a result of the Tailwind Two Merger, we have incurred and will continue to incur additional legal, accounting, board compensation, and other expenses that we did not previously incur as a privately-owned company. These increases in costs include compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as well as other corporate governance rules implemented by the SEC and the NYSE. Our financial statements for the periods following the Tailwind Two Merger reflect, and will continue to reflect, the impact of these incremental expenses.

Rivada Agreement

During February 2023, we entered into an agreement with Rivada Space Networks GmbH (“Rivada”) providing for the development, production, and operation of 300 satellites, inclusive of 12 in-orbit spares and ground station equipment, for a total purchase price of approximately $2.4 billion (the “Rivada Agreement”). The agreement also includes options for additional satellites, equipment, and services, including an option for the purchase of an additional 300 satellites. Performance under the agreement will be split into a developmental phase, with amounts billed on a time and materials basis, and a firm fixed price production phase. Rivada has an option to terminate the agreement for convenience at any time and for any reason, which would result in a termination fee for work performed up to such termination. In addition, the agreement includes termination provisions for default in the event of missed delivery targets or deadlines, insolvency, or other failures to perform, which could result in the refund of all amounts paid up to such termination. Whether we ultimately recognize revenue and profit on this contract is subject to a number of uncertainties including, among other things, our ability to successfully perform our obligations, increase our manufacturing capacity, and deliver operational satellites in a timely manner and Rivada’s continuing ability to fund contract performance and maintain its regulatory licenses for its operations. The amount of revenue recognized under the Rivada Agreement was $5.4 million and $6.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to September 30, 2022

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$ Change
Revenue	$	43,885		$	27,830		$	16,055
Cost of sales		34,194			27,793			6,401
Gross profit		9,691			37			9,654
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		29,003			24,696			4,307
Loss from operations		(19,312	)		(24,659	)		5,347
Interest expense, net		12,657			7,147			5,510
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(5,503	)		(6,001	)		498
Other (income) expense		(59	)		1,496			(1,555	)
Loss before income taxes		(26,407	)		(27,301	)		894
Provision for income taxes		22			54			(32	)
Net loss	$	(26,429	)	$	(27,355	)	$	926

Revenue

The increase in revenue was primarily due to the continued and increased level of progress made in satisfying our customer contracts and reflects the ongoing favorable impact from significant contract wins and modifications in recent periods.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue included an estimated negative impact of $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to EAC adjustments on our firm fixed price contracts. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information, such as supply chain and related production challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our revenue in future reporting periods.

Cost of Sales

The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $4.6 million in labor, materials, third-party services, overhead (exclusive of allocated share-based compensation and depreciation), launch costs, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying our customer contracts;

•an increase of $2.2 million related to inventory reserves; and

•an increase of $0.9 million in depreciation and amortization as a result of increased production capacity and production levels.

These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.8 million in share-based compensation expense as certain awards granted in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger became fully expensed during the first quarter of 2023, net of an increase due to higher headcount.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of sales included an estimated positive impact of $3.2 million and a negative impact of $1.9 million, respectively, related to EAC adjustments on our firm fixed price contracts and non-recurring changes in estimates related to inventory. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information,

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such as supply chain and related production challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our cost of sales in future reporting periods.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $5.2 million in labor and benefits, net of allocated overhead, due to the increase in headcount as part of our growth initiatives;

•an increase of $2.9 million in sales and marketing and business development; and

•an increase of $0.5 million in depreciation and amortization expense.

These increases were partially offset by the following:

•a decrease of $3.6 million in share-based compensation expense as certain awards granted in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger became fully expensed during the first quarter of 2023, net of an increase due to higher headcount; and

•a decrease of $0.4 million in business insurance expense as a result of a decrease in premiums.

Interest Expense, net

The increase in interest expense, net was due to (i) an increase in contractual interest of $2.7 million as a result of higher debt balances due to our financing transaction during the fourth quarter of 2022, (ii) an increase in amortization related to discount on debt of $1.9 million due to our financing transaction during the fourth quarter of 2022, and (iii) a decrease in capitalized interest of $0.6 million as we are no longer developing our Earth observation constellation.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant and Derivative Liabilities

The change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities relates to the periodic fair value remeasurement of liability-classified warrants and derivatives issued in connection with our financing transactions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the gain on change in fair value was primarily due to a decrease in the market price of our common stock and warrants, which drove the decrease in the fair value of our warrants and derivatives during the period.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the gain on change in fair value was primarily due to a decrease in the market price of our common stock and warrants, which drove the decrease in the fair value of our warrants and derivatives during the period.

Other (Income) Expense

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, other income was not material.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, other expense primarily related to $1 million of expense associated with the fair value of common stock issued as consideration for the execution of our committed equity facility and $380 thousand of non-recurring legal and accounting fees associated with this transaction.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $22 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.1%. We had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of net operating losses (“NOLs”) offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as we determined it is more-likely-than-not that our NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from our foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $54 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. We had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as we determined it is more-likely-than-not that our NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to related to taxable income from our foreign subsidiary.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to September 30, 2022

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$ Change
Revenue	$	104,315		$	62,314		$	42,001
Cost of sales		95,221			68,784			26,437
Gross profit (loss)		9,094			(6,470	)		15,564
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		90,265			84,283			5,982
Loss from operations		(81,171	)		(90,753	)		9,582
Interest expense, net		35,320			17,007			18,313
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			23,141			(23,141	)
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(7,534	)		(2,325	)		(5,209	)
Other expense		24			2,367			(2,343	)
Loss before income taxes		(108,981	)		(130,943	)		21,962
Provision for income taxes		23			58			(35	)
Net loss	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)	$	21,997

Revenue

The increase in revenue was primarily due to the continued and increased level of progress made in satisfying our customer contracts and reflects the ongoing favorable impact from significant contract wins and modifications in recent periods.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, revenue included an estimated negative impact of $2.2 million and $5 million, respectively, related to EAC adjustments on our firm fixed price contracts. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information, such as supply chain and related production challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our revenue in future reporting periods.

Cost of Sales

The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $29.7 million in labor, materials, third-party services, overhead (exclusive of allocated share-based compensation and depreciation), launch costs, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying our customer contracts;

•an increase of $2.1 million related to inventory reserves; and

•an increase of $1.6 million in depreciation and amortization as a result of increased production capacity and production levels.

These increases were partially offset by the following:

•a decrease of $5.1 million in share-based compensation expense primarily due to a $2.1 million non-recurring cumulative impact recognized during the first quarter of 2022 due to the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger satisfying a vesting condition on certain awards as well as certain awards granted in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger that became fully expensed during the first quarter of 2023, net of an increase due to higher headcount; and

•a decrease of $2.4 million related to reserves for anticipated losses on contracts as we recorded a $1.8 million decrease in reserves during 2023 primarily due to the termination of an unfavorable contract compared to a $0.6 million increase in reserves during 2022.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cost of sales included an estimated positive impact of $2.3 million and a negative impact of $4.8 million, respectively, related to EAC adjustments on our firm fixed price contracts and non-recurring changes in estimates related to inventory. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information,

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such as supply chain and related production challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our cost of sales in future reporting periods.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $10.7 million in labor and benefits, net of allocated overhead, due to the increase in headcount as part of our growth initiatives;

•an increase of $6.6 million in research and development activities, exclusive of allocated share-based compensation and depreciation, related to the development of new modules and payloads;

•an increase of $6.1 million in sales and marketing and business development;

•an increase of $1.7 million in technology costs, net of allocated overhead, due to an increase in overall headcount and solutions utilized; and

•an increase of $1.0 million in facilities expense, net of allocated overhead.

These increases were partially offset by the following:

•a decrease of $17.7 million in share-based compensation expense primarily due to a $15.1 million non-recurring cumulative impact recognized during the first quarter of 2022 due to the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger satisfying a vesting condition on certain awards as well as certain awards granted in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger that became fully expensed during the first quarter of 2023, partially offset by an increase due to higher headcount; and

•a decrease of $3.9 million in accounting, legal, and other professional fees.

Interest Expense, net

The increase in interest expense, net was due to (i) an increase in contractual interest of $9.1 million as a result of higher debt balances due to our financing transaction during the fourth quarter of 2022, (ii) an increase in amortization related to discount on debt of $7.4 million, and (iii) a decrease in capitalized interest of $1.8 million as we are no longer developing our Earth observation constellation.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, loss on extinguishment of debt totaled $23.1 million and related to the refinancing and extinguishment of our debt obligations in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant and Derivative Liabilities

The change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities relates to the periodic fair value remeasurement of liability-classified warrants and derivatives issued in connection with our financing transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the gain on change in fair value was primarily due to a decrease in the market price of our common stock, which drove the decrease in the fair value of certain warrants and derivatives during the period, partially offset by an increase in the market price of our warrants, which drove the increase in the fair value of certain warrants and derivatives during the period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the gain on change in fair value was due to a decrease in fair value of $19.3 million related to warrant liabilities subsequent to the Tailwind Two Merger driven by a decrease in the Company’s price per warrant and price share of common stock, partially offset by a net increase in fair value of $17.0 million related to warrant and derivative instruments that were ultimately settled as part of the Tailwind Two Merger.

Other Expense

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other expense was not material.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other expense primarily related to $1.1 million of non-recurring legal and accounting fees expensed in connection with our financing transactions and $1 million of expense associated with the fair value of common stock issued as consideration for the execution of our committed equity facility.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $23 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. We had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as we determined it is more-likely-than-not that our NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from our foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $58 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. We had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as we determined it is more-likely-than-not that our NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from our foreign subsidiary.

NON-GAAP MEASURES

To provide investors with additional information in connection with our results as determined in accordance with GAAP, we disclose the non-GAAP financial measures Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted EBITDA. These non-GAAP measures may be different from non-GAAP measures made by other companies. These measures may exclude items that are significant in understanding and assessing our financial results. Therefore, these measures should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income or other measures of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP.

Adjusted Gross Profit

We define Adjusted Gross Profit as gross profit or loss adjusted for (i) share-based compensation expense included in cost of sales and (ii) depreciation and amortization included in cost of sales.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted Gross Profit is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about our gross profit adjusted for certain non-cash items. Further, we believe Adjusted Gross Profit provides a meaningful measure of operating profitability because we use it for evaluating our business performance, making budgeting decisions, and comparing our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures.

There are material limitations to using Adjusted Gross Profit. Adjusted Gross Profit does not take into account all items which directly affect our gross profit or loss. These limitations are best addressed by considering the economic effects of the excluded items independently and by considering Adjusted Gross Profit in conjunction with gross profit or loss as calculated in accordance with GAAP.

The following table reconciles Adjusted Gross Profit to gross profit or loss (the most comparable GAAP measure) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Gross profit	$	9,691	$	37	$	9,654
Share-based compensation expense		919		2,715		(1,796	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,433		486		947
Adjusted gross profit	$	12,043	$	3,238	$	8,805

The increase in Adjusted Gross Profit was largely due to the continued and increased level of progress made in satisfying our customer contracts and reflects the ongoing favorable impact from significant contract wins and modifications in recent periods as well as the estimated impact from EAC adjustments and non-recurring changes in estimates related to inventory, which had a positive impact of $1.5 million and a negative impact of $2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information, such as supply chain and related production

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challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our Adjusted Gross Profit in future reporting periods.

The following table reconciles Adjusted Gross Profit to gross profit or loss (the most comparable GAAP measure) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			$ Change
Gross profit (loss)	$	9,094	$	(6,470	)	$	15,564
Share-based compensation expense		4,942		10,057			(5,115	)
Depreciation and amortization		3,131		1,529			1,602
Adjusted gross profit	$	17,167	$	5,116		$	12,051

The increase in Adjusted Gross Profit was largely due to the continued and increased level of progress made in satisfying our customer contracts and reflects the ongoing favorable impact from significant contract wins and modifications in recent periods as well as the estimated impact from EAC adjustments and non-recurring changes in estimates related to inventory, which had a minimal impact and a negative impact of $9.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. While we believe our estimates as of September 30, 2023 consider all relevant and known information, such as supply chain and related production challenges, additional adjustments to our estimates could occur and have an impact on our Adjusted Gross Profit in future reporting periods.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income or loss adjusted for (i) interest, (ii) taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) share-based compensation expense, (v) loss on extinguishment of debt, (vi) change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities, and (vii) other non-recurring and/or non-cash items.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about our operating profitability adjusted for certain non-cash items, non-routine items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future, as well as other items that are not core to our operations. Further, we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides a meaningful measure of operating profitability because we use it for evaluating our business performance, making budgeting decisions, and comparing our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures.

There are material limitations to using Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA does not take into account certain significant items, including depreciation and amortization, interest, taxes, and other adjustments which directly affect our net income or loss. These limitations are best addressed by considering the economic effects of the excluded items independently and by considering Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with net income or loss as calculated in accordance with GAAP.

The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to net loss (the most comparable GAAP measure) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$ Change
Net loss	$	(26,429	)	$	(27,355	)	$	926
Interest expense, net		12,657			7,147			5,510
Provision for income taxes		22			54			(32	)
Depreciation and amortization		2,323			911			1,412
Share-based compensation expense		3,774			9,204			(5,430	)
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(5,503	)		(6,001	)		498
Other, net(a)		174			2,134			(1,960	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(12,982	)	$	(13,906	)	$	924

(a) - Represents other expense and other charges and items. Non-recurring legal and accounting fees related to our transition to a public company and financing transactions are included herein.

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The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in Adjusted Gross Profit, partially offset by an increase selling, general, and administrative expenses as a result of our growth initiatives. Refer to the discussions above under “Results of Operations” for further details.

The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to net loss (the most comparable GAAP measure) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$ Change
Net loss	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)	$	21,997
Interest expense, net		35,320			17,007			18,313
Provision for income taxes		23			58			(35	)
Depreciation and amortization		5,031			2,612			2,419
Share-based compensation expense		17,529			40,354			(22,825	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-			23,141			(23,141	)
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		(7,534	)		(2,325	)		(5,209	)
Other, net(a)		1,747			6,755			(5,008	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(56,888	)	$	(43,399	)	$	(13,489	)

(a) - Represents other expense and other charges and items. Non-recurring legal and accounting fees related to our transition to a public company and financing transactions are included herein.

The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses as a result of our growth initiatives, partially offset by an increase in Adjusted Gross Profit. Refer to the discussions above under “Results of Operations” for further details.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Backlog represents the estimated dollar value of executed contracts and exercised contract options, including both funded (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded portions of such contracts, for which work has not been performed (also known as the remaining performance obligations on a contract). Backlog does not include unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. Although backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog.

Our backlog totaled $2.6 billion and $170.8 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, our backlog included $2.4 billion related to the Rivada Agreement, which is subject to uncertainty with regards to the timing of performance. As of September 30, 2023, programs associated with Lockheed Martin represented approximately 3% of our backlog.

In October 2023, we received a new award to build 36 satellites for the U.S. Space Development Agency’s (the “SDA”) Tranche 2 of the Transport Layer. This award is in addition to the 10 satellites we built for the SDA’s Tranche 0 of the Transport Layer and the 42 satellites we are in process of building for the SDA’s Tranche 1 of the Transport Layer.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

We have historically funded our operations primarily through the issuance of debt and equity securities. Our short-term liquidity requirements include initiatives related to (i) expansion of existing facilities and upgrade of equipment in order to increase operational capacity, (ii) recruitment of additional employees to meet operational needs, (iii) upgrade of information technology, (iv) research and development initiatives, and (v) continued buildout of corporate functions and public company compliance requirements, inclusive of accounting and legal fees. Our long-term liquidity requirements include initiatives related to (i) design and development of payload solutions, (ii) expansion of advanced manufacturing and assembly facilities and capabilities, and (iii) development of new satellite components, infrastructure, and software. The timing and amount of spend on these initiatives may be materially delayed, reduced, or cancelled as a result of the level of our financial resources and available financing opportunities. Additionally, our liquidity requirements include the repayment of debt and other payment obligations incurred as a result of the Tailwind Two Merger. Our sources of liquidity include cash generated from operations, potential proceeds from the exercise of warrants, and potential proceeds from the issuance of

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debt and/or equity securities, inclusive of sales of common stock through our Committed Equity Facility (as defined below and subject to restrictions noted below).

Certain warrants issued to affiliates of Francisco Partners provide the right to require us to exchange such warrants (in full but not in part) for $25 million in cash on March 25, 2025. If such warrant holders exercise their exchange right on March 25, 2025, then it will require us to make a $25 million cash payment, which would reduce the amount of cash available at such time to fund our operations and execute our business plan, and the amount of such future cash payment could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and cash flows at such time. Further, in the event such warrant holders exercise their right and we are unable to make the cash redemption payment on March 25, 2025, such failure for us to pay would constitute an event of default under our outstanding debt instruments, which, if not cured or waived could result in the acceleration of all outstanding indebtedness under such debt instruments. Other than such warrants, no investors have the unconditional right to sell back shares or other securities to us or have any forward purchase agreements with us.

There can be no assurances that holders of our warrants will elect to exercise for cash any or all of such warrants, and the likelihood that warrant holders will exercise their warrants is dependent upon the market price of our common stock. As of November 13, 2023, the market price of our common stock is less than the exercise price for all warrants, exclusive of warrants exercisable for a nominal price. We believe that based on the current trading prices of our common stock it is uncertain whether we will receive cash proceeds from the exercise of warrants in the next twelve months, exclusive of warrants exercisable for a nominal price. Accordingly, we have not relied upon, and are not dependent upon, the receipt of the cash proceeds from the exercise of warrants as a source of liquidity to fund our operations in the next twelve months. The exercise of any or all of the warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2023 for cash would result in an increase in our liquidity, with an aggregate maximum amount of proceeds to be received of approximately $464.9 million.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $38.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $1.3 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiary. We are not presently aware of any restrictions on the repatriation of our foreign cash and cash equivalents; however, the earnings of our foreign subsidiary are essentially considered permanently invested in the foreign subsidiary. If these funds were needed to fund operations or satisfy obligations in the U.S., they could be repatriated and their repatriation into the U.S. may cause us to incur additional foreign withholding taxes. We do not currently intend to repatriate these earnings.

We rely on winning new customer orders, timely execution of programs and, ultimately, collections from customers to provide liquidity and fund our business plan. The failure to win new orders, execute on programs on schedule or collect from customers in a timely manner would negatively impact our liquidity and increase our need to rely on capital raising activities to provide liquidity. In order to proceed with our strategic business plan, we may need to raise additional funds through the issuance of additional debt, equity, or other commercial arrangements, which may not be available to us when needed or on terms that we deem to be favorable. To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible securities, the ownership interest of our shareholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common shareholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to obtain sufficient financial resources, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. We may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate parts of our strategic business plan or future commercialization efforts. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms. Furthermore, our ability to meet our debt service obligations and other capital requirements depends on, among other things, our future operating performance, which is subject to future general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions,

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many of which are beyond our control. Changes in our operating plans, material changes in anticipated sales, increased expenses, acquisitions, or other events may cause us to seek equity and/or debt financing in future periods.

Long-term Debt

As of September 30, 2023, long-term debt was comprised of the following (including accrued interest paid-in-kind):

(in thousands)
Description	Issued	Maturity	Interest Rate	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023
Francisco Partners Facility	November 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	$	120,023
Lockheed Martin Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly		25,000
Beach Point Rollover Debt(1)	March 2021	April 2026	11.25%	Quarterly		32,218
Convertible Notes due 2027(2)	October 2022	October 2027	10.00%	Quarterly		109,491
PIPE Investment Obligation(3)	March 2022	December 2025	N/A	N/A		18,750
Equipment Financings(4)						2,067
Finance leases						5,437
Unamortized deferred issuance costs						(2,785	)
Unamortized discount on debt						(134,312	)
Total debt						175,889
Current portion of long-term debt						11,632
Long-term debt					$	164,257

(1) - Incurs annual interest at 11.25%, of which 2.00% is payable-in-kind at our option.

(2) - Interest is payable-in-kind at our option. Principal and interest prior to maturity are convertible into common stock at a conversion price of $2.898 per share at the holder’s option.

(3) - Requires quarterly repayment of $1.875 million, which is payable in cash or common stock at our option, subject to certain restrictions.

(4) - Consists of equipment financing debt agreements with maturities through September 2030, annual interest rates ranging from 6.25% to 20.05%, and requiring monthly payments of principal and interest.

N/A - Not meaningful or applicable.

There were no significant changes in our long-term debt, except for the commencement of certain machinery and equipment finance leases, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In October 2023, we paid $1.875 million related to the PIPE Investment Obligation, which was outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all financial covenants. Our inability to raise capital through debt or equity financings or the lack of improvements in our operating results may negatively impact our compliance with these financial covenants in future periods.

Warrants and Derivatives

Liability-classified Warrants and Derivatives

As of September 30, 2023, our liability-classified warrants and derivatives were comprised of the following:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise/Conversion Price		Fair Value
Public Warrants		19,221,960	March 2021	March 2027	$	11.50	$	2,883
Private Placement Warrants		78,000	March 2021	March 2027		11.50		12
FP Combination Warrants(1)		8,291,704	March 2022	March 2027		10.00		20,481
2027 Warrants		17,253,279	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		6,736
Conversion Option Derivative(2)		37,781,575	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		2,304
Warrant and derivative liabilities		82,626,518					$	32,416

(1) - Holders have the right to exchange the warrants for a $25 million cash payment on March 25, 2025.

(2) - Represents the bifurcated embedded derivative associated with the Convertible Notes due 2027’s conversion option.

There were no significant changes in our liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Equity-classified Warrants and Derivatives

As of September 30, 2023, our equity-classified warrants and derivatives were comprised of the following:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise Price
Combination Warrants		2,763,902	March 2022	March 2027	$	10.00
RDO Warrants		29,000,000	May 2023	November 2028		1.43
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000	May 2023	May 2028		1.60
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants		11,535,715	September 2023	N/A		0.0001
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290	September 2023	September 2028		1.50
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000	September 2023	September 2028		1.75
Total equity-classified warrants and derivatives		70,168,907

There were no significant changes to our equity-classified warrants and derivatives during nine months ended September 30, 2023, except as discussed below.

Registered Direct Offering

On May 30, 2023, we completed a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) with an institutional investor in which we received proceeds of approximately $37.1 million for the sale and issuance of (i) 16 million shares of our common stock, (ii) 13 million warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 29 million warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.43 (the “RDO Warrants”). In connection with the Registered Direct Offering, we incurred third-party issuance costs of $4.5 million, inclusive of the $1.5 million fair value recognized associated with 2 million warrants issued to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.60 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised.

Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

On September 21, 2023, we completed a confidentially marketed public offering (the “CMPO”) in which we received proceeds of approximately $32.5 million for the sale and issuance of approximately (i) 11.7 million shares of our common stock, (ii) 11.5 million warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 23.2 million warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share (the “CMPO Warrants”). In connection with the CMPO, we incurred third-party issuance costs of $4.0 million, inclusive of the $1.1 million fair value recognized associated with 1.6 million warrants issued to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 (the “CMPO Placement Agent Warrants”).

Committed Equity Facility

On July 5, 2022, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Committed Equity Facility”) with an institutional investor giving us the right, but not the obligation, to sell to the investor over a 24-month period up to the lesser of (i) $100 million of newly issued shares of our common stock and (ii) 27,500,000 shares of our common stock. The price per share of common stock sold by us is determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of our common stock as defined within the Committed Equity Facility less a 3% discount, subject to certain limitations and conditions. The total net proceeds that we will receive under the Committed Equity Facility will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell common stock.

As of September 30, 2023, the remaining availability under the Committed Equity Facility was the lesser of 27,077,304 shares of common stock or $98.2 million of proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock. In connection with the CMPO, we are restricted from selling common stock under the Committed Equity Facility until after its expiration.

Dividends

We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion, and debt repayment (if any) and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants of our existing and outstanding indebtedness and may be limited by covenants of any future indebtedness. There are no current restrictions in the covenants

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of our existing and outstanding indebtedness on our wholly-owned subsidiaries from distributing earnings in the form of dividends, loans, or advances and through repayment of loans or advances to Terran Orbital Corporation.

Following the Tailwind Two Merger, our existing and outstanding indebtedness allows for the declaration and payment of dividends or prepayment of junior debt obligations in cash subject to certain limitations.

Other Material Cash Requirements

In addition to debt service requirements on our long-term debt and any payment obligations on our warrants and derivatives, we have certain short-term and long-term cash requirements under operating leases and certain other contractual obligations and commitments.

Operating Leases

Refer to Note 14 “Leases” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our operating leases.

Purchase Commitments

Our material cash requirements for purchases of goods or services entered into in the ordinary course of business, including purchase orders and contractual obligations, primarily relate to materials and services required to manufacture, assemble, integrate, and test satellites and satellite buses in connection with satisfying our customer contracts.

Refer to Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our purchase commitments.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2023, we do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements other than our equity-classified warrants and derivatives, which are discussed above. Our equity-classified warrants and derivatives are both indexed to and classified as equity under GAAP.

Cash Flow Analysis

The following table is a summary of our cash flow activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$ Change
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(96,219	)	$	(54,133	)	$	(42,086	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(18,455	)		(15,013	)		(3,442	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		59,859			77,678			(17,819	)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents		(70	)		(34	)		(36	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(54,885	)	$	8,498		$	(63,383	)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

The increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses and outflows related to satisfying customer contracts and other working capital needs, partially offset by an increase in cash received from customers. The remainder of the activity in net cash used in operating activities is related to changes in assets and liabilities due to the volume and timing of other operating cash receipts and payments with respect to when the transactions are reflected in earnings.

Refer to the discussions above under “Results of Operations” for further details.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by an increase in spending associated with the expansion of our manufacturing facilities and equipment in connection with our growth initiatives, partially offset by a decrease in outflows of $6.7

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million associated with the development of company-owned satellites as we are no longer developing our Earth observation constellation.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of $47.4 million of proceeds received allocated to the issuance of warrant and derivative instruments and $22.2 million of proceeds received allocated to the issuance of common stock. These increases were partially offset by $6.3 million related to the repayment of long-term debt, inclusive of prepayments on finance leases, and $5.3 million related to the payment of issuance costs related to our financing transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of $58.4 million of proceeds received from the Tailwind Two Merger and the PIPE Investment, $42.2 million of proceeds received allocated to warrant and derivative instruments, $36.9 million of proceeds received allocated to the issuance of debt, $14.8 million of proceeds received allocated to the issuance of common stock in relation to our financing transactions, and $1.8 million of proceeds received related to the issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility. These increases were partially offset by $45.7 million of payments of issuance costs related to our financing transactions and $31.0 million related to the repayment of long-term debt.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Refer to the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of “Terran Orbital's Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2022 Annual Report. There were no material changes to these policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to Note 1 “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information about recent accounting pronouncements and adoptions.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of present or historical fact included in this report, regarding Terran Orbital’s future financial performance, as well as Terran Orbital’s business strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues, and losses, projected costs, earning outlooks, prospects, expectations, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “outlook,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “continue,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “would” and other similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, forecasts, assumptions, hopes, beliefs, intentions and strategies regarding future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events. We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, incident to our business.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this report, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. There can be no assurance that future developments will be those that have been anticipated. Accordingly, forward-looking statements in this report should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, Terran Orbital’s actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•expectations regarding our strategies and future financial performance, including our future business plans or objectives, anticipated cost, timing and level of satellite orders and deliveries thereof, prospective performance and commercial opportunities, the timing of obtaining regulatory approvals, the ability to finance our operations, research and development activities and capital expenditures, reliance on government contracts and a strategic cooperation agreement with a significant

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customer, retention and expansion of our customer base, product and service offerings, pricing, marketing plans, operating expenses, market trends, revenues, margins, liquidity, cash flows and uses of cash, capital expenditures, and our ability to invest in growth initiatives;

•the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations, and to identify and realize additional opportunities;

•risks associated with expansion into new and adjacent markets;

•anticipated timing, cost, financing, and development of our satellite manufacturing capabilities;

•increases in costs, which we may not be able to react to due to the nature of our U.S. Government contracts;

•the potential termination of U.S. Government contracts and subcontracts and the potential inability to recover termination costs;

•our ability to finance our operations, research and development activities, growth initiatives and capital expenditures;

•our expansion plans and opportunities;

•laws, rules and regulations applicable to us, including procurement and import-export control;

•the costs and ultimate outcome of litigation matters, government investigations and other legal proceedings;

•the ability to maintain the listing of our common stock and publicly-traded warrants on the NYSE and the possibility of limited liquidity and trading of such securities;

•geopolitical risk and changes in applicable laws or regulations;

•security threats, including cybersecurity and other industrial and physical security threats, and other disruptions;

•government investigations and audits;

•the possibility that we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

•that we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting which, if not corrected, could affect the reliability of our condensed consolidated financial statements;

•the possibility that the COVID-19 Pandemic, or another major disease, natural disaster, or threat to the physical security of our facilities or employees disrupts our business;

•supply chain disruptions, including delays, increased costs, and supplier quality control challenges;

•our ability to attract and retain qualified employees, including senior management and other key employees, technicians, engineers, and other professionals;

•our ability to achieve profitability and meet expectations regarding cash flow from operations and investments;

•our leverage and our ability to service cash debt payments and comply with debt maintenance covenants, including meeting minimum liquidity and operating profit covenants;

•our ability to access invested cash or cash equivalents upon failure of any financial institution we bank with;

•our ability to access, or ability to access on favorable terms, equity and debt capital markets and other funding sources that will be needed to fund operations and make investments in capital-intensive strategic initiatives including expansion and improvement of our manufacturing facilities and development of new lines of business;

•delays and costs associated with our business initiatives, whether due to changes in demand, lack of funding, design changes, or other conditions or circumstances; and

•the other risk factors disclosed in our filings with the SEC from time to time including, but not limited to, our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 23, 2023 and the prospectus dated April 18, 2023 (including the prospectus supplements dated May 24, 2023 and September 18, 2023) related to our Registration Statement on Form S-3, as amended (File No. 333-271093), which was declared effective by the SEC on April 18, 2023.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, plans, forecasts, assumptions, and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects. There can be no assurance that the future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated and we may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time

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and it is not possible to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from the expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements we make are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made as of the date of this report, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective as the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that were previously reported in the 2022 Annual Report continued to exist as of September 30, 2023. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, other than changes related to the remediation of material weaknesses as described below.

We are actively working to remediate our previously identified material weaknesses. These remediation measures are ongoing and include (i) hiring additional accounting and IT personnel to bolster our technical reporting, transactional accounting, internal controls and IT capabilities; (ii) designing and implementing controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities and designing and implementing formal controls over segregation of duties; (iii) designing and implementing a formal risk assessment process to identify and evaluate changes in our business and the impact on our internal controls; (iv) designing and implementing controls to formally assess complex accounting transactions and other technical accounting and financial reporting matters; (v) designing and implementing formal processes, accounting policies, procedures, and controls supporting our financial close process, including completion of business performance reviews, creating standard balance sheet reconciliation templates and journal entry controls; and (vi) designing and implementing IT general controls, including controls over change management, the review and update of user access rights and privileges, controls over data backups, and controls over program development efforts. We implemented a new enterprise resource planning system beginning on January 1, 2023 in connection with our remediation efforts.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

See Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the heading “Litigation and Other Legal Matters” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for legal proceedings and related matters.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risks disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report, the prospectus dated April 18, 2023 (including the prospectus supplements dated May 24, 2023 and September 18, 2023) related to our Registration Statement on Form S-3, and other of our filings with the SEC. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the 2022 Annual Report. These risks and uncertainties described in our risk factors have the potential to materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, projected results and future prospects. These risks are not exclusive and additional risks to which we are subject include the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” and the risks described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

If we cannot regain compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing requirements and rules, the NYSE may delist our common stock, which could negatively affect our company, the price of our common stock and our shareholders’ ability to sell our common stock.

On October 20, 2023, we received written notice from the NYSE that the average closing price of our shares of common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period ended October 18, 2023, which is below the requirement for continued listing on the NYSE. In accordance with applicable NYSE procedures, we have notified the NYSE that we intend to cure the $1.00 per share deficiency. Based on the applicable NYSE procedures, we have six months following the receipt of the NYSE’s notice to cure the deficiency and regain compliance. The NYSE’s notice has no immediate impact on the listing of our common stock, which will continue to trade on the NYSE subject to our continued compliance with the other listing requirements of the NYSE. Our shares of common stock will continue to trade under the symbol “LLAP” but will have an added designation of “.BC” to indicate that the status of the common stock is “below compliance” with the NYSE continued listing standards. The “.BC” indicator will be removed at such time as we are deemed to be in compliance. We intend to explore available options to regain compliance, which may include, if necessary, effectuating a reverse stock split.

If our common stock ultimately were to be delisted for any reason, the liquidity of our common stock or warrants could be adversely affected and the market price of our common stock or warrants could decrease. Delisting could also adversely affect our security holders’ ability to trade or obtain quotations on our securities because of lower trading volumes and transaction delays. These factors could contribute to lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask price for our securities. You may also not be able to resell your common stock or warrants at or above the price you paid for such securities or at all.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

We have not made any sales of unregistered equity securities that were not previously reported in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed/furnished or incorporated by reference as part of this report.

Exhibits Index

The information required by this Item is set forth on the exhibit index below.

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
2.1†	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 28, 2021, by and among the Terran Orbital Corporation, Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp. and Titan Merger Sub, Inc.	8-K	2.1	10/28/2021
2.2	Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 8, 2022, by and among Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp., Titan Merger Sub, Inc., and Terran Orbital Corporation	S-4/A	2.2	2/10/2022
2.3	Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 9, 2022, by and among Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp., Titan Merger Sub, Inc., and Terran Orbital Corporation	8-K	2.1	3/15/2022
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1	5/5/2023
3.2	Bylaws of Terran Orbital Corporation	8-K	3.2	3/28/2022
4.1	Form of Common Warrant	8-K	4.1	9/20/2023
4.2	Form of Pre-Funded Warrant	8-K	4.2	9/20/2023
4.3	Form of Placement Agent Warrant	8-K	4.3	9/20/2023
10.1	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of September 18, 2023, by and among the Company and the purchasers party thereto	8-K	10.1	9/20/2023
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	XBRL Instant Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

† Schedules and exhibits to this Exhibit omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

44

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION
Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Mathieu Riffel
		Mathieu Riffel
		Senior Vice President, Acting Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

45

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Marc H. Bell, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Terran Orbital Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Marc H. Bell
		Marc H. Bell
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mathieu Riffel, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Terran Orbital Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Mathieu Riffel
		Mathieu Riffel
		Senior Vice President, Acting Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Terran Orbital Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Marc H. Bell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Marc H. Bell
		Marc H. Bell
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished as an exhibit to the Report pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K and Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code and, accordingly, is not being filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as part of the Report and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made before or after the date of the Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing).

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Terran Orbital Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mathieu Riffel, Senior Vice President, Acting Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Mathieu Riffel
		Mathieu Riffel
		Senior Vice President, Acting Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller

The foregoing certification is being furnished as an exhibit to the Report pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K and Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code and, accordingly, is not being filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as part of the Report and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made before or after the date of the Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing).

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 07, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	TERRAN ORBITAL CORPORATION
Entity Central Index Key	0001835512
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		194,461,361
Entity File Number	001-40170
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-1572314
Entity Address, Address Line One	6800 Broken Sound Parkway NW
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Boca Raton
Entity Address State Or Province	FL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	33487
City Area Code	561
Local Phone Number	988-1704
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per Share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbols	LLAP
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Warrant
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to purchase one share of common stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbols	LLAP WS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 38,676	$ 93,561
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $258 and $764 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	15,298	4,754
Contract assets, net	4,748	6,763
Inventory	34,045	24,133
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	11,772	9,710
Total current assets	104,539	138,921
Property, plant, and equipment, net	47,090	24,743
Other assets	18,608	18,990
Total assets	170,237	182,654
Liabilities and shareholders' deficit:
Current portion of long-term debt	11,632	7,739
Accounts payable	31,379	21,188
Contract liabilities	13,439	27,228
Reserve for anticipated losses on contracts	1,013	2,860
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,770	11,721
Total current liabilities	73,233	70,736
Long-term debt	164,257	142,620
Warrant and derivative liabilities	32,416	39,950
Other liabilities	19,108	20,769
Total liabilities	289,014	274,075
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Shareholders' deficit:
Preferred stock - authorized 50,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; zero issued and outstanding
Common stock - authorized 600,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; issued and outstanding shares of 187,817,268 and 142,503,771 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	19	14
Additional paid-in capital	351,203	269,574
Accumulated deficit	(470,172)	(361,168)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	173	159
Total shareholders' deficit	(118,777)	(91,421)
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit	$ 170,237	$ 182,654

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses	$ 258	$ 764
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, shares authorized	600,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued	187,817,268	142,503,771
Common stock, shares outstanding	187,817,268	142,503,771

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 43,885	$ 27,830	$ 104,315	$ 62,314
Cost of sales	34,194	27,793	95,221	68,784
Gross profit (loss)	9,691	37	9,094	(6,470)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	29,003	24,696	90,265	84,283
Loss from operations	(19,312)	(24,659)	(81,171)	(90,753)
Interest expense, net	12,657	7,147	35,320	17,007
Loss on extinguishment of debt				23,141
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities	(5,503)	(6,001)	(7,534)	(2,325)
Other (income) expense	(59)	1,496	24	2,367
Loss before income taxes	(26,407)	(27,301)	(108,981)	(130,943)
Provision for income taxes	22	54	23	58
Net loss	(26,429)	(27,355)	(109,004)	(131,001)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	37	138	14	327
Total comprehensive loss	$ (26,392)	$ (27,217)	$ (108,990)	$ (130,674)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic	178,624,492	143,276,708	159,856,355	123,317,997
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted	178,624,492	143,276,708	159,856,355	123,317,997
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.68)	$ (1.06)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.68)	$ (1.06)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Deficit (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Previously Reported	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Previously Reported	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Retroactive Application of Reverse Capitalization	Common Stock	Common Stock Previously Reported	Common Stock Retroactive Application of Reverse Capitalization	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Previously Reported	Additional Paid-in Capital Retroactive Application of Reverse Capitalization	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Previously Reported	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Previously Reported
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ (99,357)	$ (99,357)				$ 8		$ 8	$ 97,737	$ 97,745	$ (8)	$ (197,066)	$ (197,066)	$ (36)	$ (36)
Beginning balance (ASU 2016-13) at Dec. 31, 2021	(122)											(122)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021						78,601,283	2,849,414	75,751,869
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021			$ 8,000	$ 8,000
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021			10,947,686	396,870	10,550,816
Net loss	(131,001)											(131,001)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	327													327
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility, shares						637,487
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility	2,795								2,795
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock	8,000					$ 1			7,999
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock, Shares						10,947,686
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock			$ (8,000)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock, Shares			(10,947,686)
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock	7,616								7,616
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock, Shares						694,873
Net settlement of equity-classified warrants into common stock						$ 2			(2)
Net settlement of equity-classified warrants into common stock, Shares						22,343,698
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment, net of issuance costs	6,928					$ 2			6,926
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment, net of issuance costs, Shares						16,114,695
Issuance of common stock in connection with financing transactions, net of issuance costs	40,734					$ 1			40,733
Issuance of common stock in connection with financing transactions, net of issuance costs, Shares						4,325,000
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified	11,007								11,007
Issuance of contingently issuable common stock	44,887								44,887
Issuance of contingently issuable common stock, Shares						4,095,569
Share-based compensation	40,354								40,354
Settlement of vested restricted stock units, Shares						1,932,541
Exercise of stock options	269								269
Exercise of stock options, Shares						269,824
Other	(41)								(41)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	(67,604)					$ 14			260,280			(328,189)		291
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2022						139,962,656
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	(52,534)					$ 14			248,133			(300,834)		153
Beginning balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2022						137,590,808
Net loss	(27,355)											(27,355)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	138													138
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility, shares						637,487
Issuance of common stock under the Committed Equity Facility	2,795								2,795
Share-based compensation	9,204								9,204
Settlement of vested restricted stock units, Shares						1,637,188
Exercise of stock options	123								123
Exercise of stock options, Shares						97,173
Other	25								25
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	(67,604)					$ 14			260,280			(328,189)		291
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2022						139,962,656
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	(91,421)					$ 14			269,574			(361,168)		159
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022						142,503,771
Net loss	(109,004)											(109,004)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	14													14
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	19,461					$ 3			19,458
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, Shares						27,678,575
Issuance of warrants, net of issuance costs	44,182								44,182
Share-based compensation	17,529								17,529
Settlement of vested restricted stock units, Shares						4,023,001
Exercise of equity-classified warrants	2					$ 2
Exercise of equity-classified warrants, Shares						13,000,000
Exercise of stock options	460								460
Exercise of stock options, Shares						611,921
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(118,777)					$ 19			351,203			(470,172)		173
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023						187,817,268
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(125,719)					$ 17			317,871			(443,743)		136
Beginning balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2023						165,189,534
Net loss	(26,429)											(26,429)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	37													37
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	8,735					$ 1			8,734
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, Shares						11,678,575
Issuance of warrants, net of issuance costs	20,784								20,784
Share-based compensation	3,774								3,774
Settlement of vested restricted stock units, Shares						1,872,782
Exercise of equity-classified warrants	1					$ 1
Exercise of equity-classified warrants, Shares						9,035,000
Exercise of stock options	40								40
Exercise of stock options, Shares						41,377
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (118,777)					$ 19			$ 351,203			$ (470,172)		$ 173
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023						187,817,268

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (26,429)	$ (27,355)	$ (109,004)	$ (131,001)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			5,031	2,612
Non-cash interest expense			23,047	8,581
Share-based compensation expense			17,529	40,354
Provision for losses on receivables and inventory			2,568	295
Loss on extinguishment of debt				23,141
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities			(7,534)	(2,325)
Amortization of operating right-of-use assets			873	1,003
Other non-cash, net			198	1,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net			(10,784)	(1,565)
Contract assets			2,158	(12,370)
Inventory			(11,756)	(9,338)
Accounts payable			7,975	11,532
Contract liabilities			(13,911)	17,156
Reserve for anticipated losses on contracts			(1,846)	572
Accrued interest			8	(2,289)
Other, net			(771)	(1,491)
Net cash used in operating activities			(96,219)	(54,133)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment			(18,455)	(15,013)
Net cash used in investing activities			(18,455)	(15,013)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt			1,409	36,856
Proceeds from warrants and derivatives			47,445	42,247
Proceeds from Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment				58,424
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			22,172	14,791
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under committed equity facility				1,795
Repayment of long-term debt			(6,319)	(30,958)
Payment of issuance costs			(5,308)	(45,746)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			460	269
Net cash provided by financing activities			59,859	77,678
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents			(70)	(34)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(54,885)	8,498
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			93,561	27,325	$ 27,325
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 38,676	$ 35,823	38,676	35,823	$ 93,561
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Interest capitalized to property, plant, and equipment not yet paid				639
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment not yet paid			3,678	1,557
Depreciation and amortization capitalized to construction-in-process				158
Issuance costs not yet paid			$ 912	2,687
Non-cash exchange and extinguishment of long-term debt				40,432
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock				8,000
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock				7,616
Net settlement of equity-classified warrants into common stock				(2)
Non-cash issuance of common stock in connection with PIPE Investment				10,060
Non-cash issuance of common stock in connection with financing transactions				27,304
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified				11,007
Issuance of contingently issuable common stock				$ 44,887

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Business

Terran Orbital Corporation, formerly known as Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp. (“Tailwind Two”), together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a leading manufacturer of satellite products primarily serving the aerospace and defense industries. The Company provides end-to-end satellite solutions by combining satellite design, production, launch planning, mission operations, and on-orbit support to meet the needs of its military, civil, and commercial customers. The Company has a foreign subsidiary based in Torino, Italy.

Tailwind Two Merger

Prior to March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two was a publicly listed special purpose acquisition company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company. On March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two acquired Terran Orbital Operating Corporation, formerly known as Terran Orbital Corporation (“Legacy Terran Orbital”) (the “Tailwind Two Merger”). In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Tailwind Two filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies and filed a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, resulting in Tailwind Two becoming a Delaware corporation and changing its name from Tailwind Two to Terran Orbital Corporation. The Tailwind Two Merger resulted in Legacy Terran Orbital becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation.

As a result of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of Legacy Terran Orbital's issued and outstanding common stock was converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock using an exchange ratio of 27.585 shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock per each share of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock. In addition, Legacy Terran Orbital's convertible preferred stock and certain warrants were exercised and converted into shares of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock immediately prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, and in turn, were converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as a result of the Tailwind Two Merger. Further, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Legacy Terran Orbital's share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards were cancelled and exchanged or converted, as applicable, with a new share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards of Terran Orbital Corporation. In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company entered into certain debt financing transactions that resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $23.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

While Legacy Terran Orbital became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital was deemed to be the acquirer in the Tailwind Two Merger for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Tailwind Two Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in which case the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of Legacy Terran Orbital and the issuance of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two recognized at historical cost and no recognition of goodwill or other intangible assets. Operations prior to the Tailwind Two Merger are those of Legacy Terran Orbital and all share and per-share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to give effect to the Tailwind Two Merger. In addition, the number of shares subject to, and the exercise price of, the Company’s outstanding options and warrants were adjusted to reflect the Tailwind Two Merger. The treatment of the Tailwind Two Merger as a reverse recapitalization was based upon the pre-merger shareholders of Legacy Terran Orbital holding the majority of the voting interests of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's existing management team serving as the initial management team of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's appointment of the majority of the initial board of directors of Terran Orbital Corporation, and Legacy Terran Orbital's operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, approximately $29 million of cash and marketable securities held in trust, net of redemptions by Tailwind Two's public shareholders, became available for use by the Company as well as proceeds received from the contemporaneous sale of common stock in connection with the closing of a PIPE investment with a contractual amount of $51 million (the “PIPE Investment”). In addition, the Company received additional proceeds from the issuance of debt contemporaneously with the Tailwind Two Merger. The cash raised was used for general corporate purposes, the partial paydown of debt, the payment of transaction costs and the payment of other costs directly or indirectly attributable to the Tailwind Two Merger.

Beginning on March 28, 2022, the Company's common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbols “LLAP” and “LLAP WS,” respectively. On October 20, 2023, we received written notice from the NYSE that the average closing price of our shares of common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period

ended October 18, 2023, which is below the requirement for continued listing on the NYSE. As such, our shares of common stock will continue to trade under the symbol “LLAP” but will have an added designation of “.BC” to indicate that the status of the common stock is “below compliance” with the NYSE continued listing standards. The “.BC” indicator will be removed at such time as we are deemed to be in compliance.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, they include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to summarize fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The interim results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for future interim periods or the full year. For a more comprehensive understanding of the Company and its interim results, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all the footnote disclosures from the annual consolidated financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Terran Orbital Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s accounting policies used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements do not differ from those used for the annual consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

The Company evaluates and reports its segment information based on the manner in which its Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), evaluates performance and allocates resources. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company reports its results as a single operating and reportable segment on a consolidated basis. Where applicable, prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Company’s current operating and reportable segment structure.

There were no recently issued or recently adopted accounting pronouncements that had or are expected to have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to select accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s estimates are based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or market conditions.

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus as a pandemic (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The COVID-19 Pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption in the financial and capital markets.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has contributed to a worldwide shortage of electronic components which has resulted in longer than historically experienced lead times for such electronic components. The reduced availability to receive electronic components used in the Company’s operations has negatively affected its timing and ability to deliver products and services to customers as well as increased its costs in recent periods. In an effort to manage this disruption to its supply chain, the Company has focused on accumulating critical components to ensure an appropriate level of supply is available when needed.

The Company considered the emergence and pervasive economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in its assessment of its financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and certain accounting estimates as of and for the periods presented. The U.S. Government

allowed the national public health emergency declaration related to the COVID-19 Pandemic to expire on May 11, 2023, and the WHO ended the global emergency status for the COVID-19 Pandemic on May 5, 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the time of purchase.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Payroll-related accruals	$	8,291	$	5,671
Current operating lease liabilities		1,342		971
Accrued interest		2,114		2,107
Other current liabilities		4,023		2,972
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	15,770	$	11,721

Research and Development

Research and development includes materials, labor, and overhead allocations attributable to the development of new products and solutions and significant improvements to existing products and solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Research and development expense was $3.8 million and $5.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.6 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and contract assets.

The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major financial institutions. Certain account balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits of $250,000 per account. As a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of the insurance limits. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that there is no exposure to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and contract assets are limited because a large portion of our balances are related to (i) reputable companies with significant financial resources or (ii) customer programs in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer.

A small number of customers and contracts historically have represented a significant portion of the Company's consolidated revenue. Lockheed Martin Corporation (“Lockheed Martin”) represented approximately 79% and 77% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 79% and 75% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rivada Space Networks GmbH (“Rivada”) represented approximately 12% and 0% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 6% and 0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no other individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue during the periods presented.

The table below presents individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s combined accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, and contract assets, net of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Customer A	47%	0%
Customer B	29%	42%
Customer C	7%	11%
Customer D	0%	12%
Total	83%	65%

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Revenue and Receivables

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivables [Abstract]

Revenue and Receivables

Note 2 Revenue and Receivables

The Company applies the following five steps in order to recognize revenue from contracts with customers: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, the Company assesses whether the goods or services promised within the contract represent a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the best estimate of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation, which is estimated using the expected-cost-plus-margin approach. Generally, the Company’s contracts with customers are structured such that the customer has the option to purchase additional goods or services. Customer options to purchase additional goods or services do not represent a separate performance obligation as the prices for such options reflect the stand-alone selling prices for the additional goods or services. Contracts are generally priced on a firm-fixed price basis, cost-plus fee basis, or time and materials basis.

The Company recognizes the transaction price allocated to the respective performance obligation as revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company's contracts with customers relate to the creation of specialized assets that do not have alternative use and entitle the Company to an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Accordingly, the Company generally measures progress towards the satisfaction of a performance obligation over time using the cost-to-cost input method.

Payments for costs not yet incurred or for costs incurred in anticipation of providing a good or service under a contract with a customer in the future are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Estimate-at-Completion (“EAC”)

The recognition of revenue over time using the cost-to-cost input method is dependent on the Company’s cost estimate-at-completion (“EAC”), which is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. EAC represents the total estimated cost-at-completion and is comprised of direct material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead applicable to a performance obligation. There is a company-wide standard and periodic EAC process in which the Company reviews the progress and execution of outstanding performance obligations. As part of this process, the Company reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include the Company’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. The Company must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g., to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from customers and overhead cost rates, among other variables.

Based on the results of the periodic EAC process, any adjustments to revenue, cost of sales, and the related impact to gross profit are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in gross profit during the performance of individual performance obligations, if it is determined the Company will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in gross profit if it is determined the Company will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of the Company’s performance obligations.

Contract modifications often relate to changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications are considered to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price, and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Some of the Company’s long-term contracts contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount to which the Company is expected to be entitled. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available. The unfunded portion of enforceable contracts are accounted for as variable consideration.

For contracts in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer, the Company follows U.S. Government procurement and accounting standards in assessing the allowability and the allocability of costs to contracts. Due to the significance of the judgments and estimation processes, it is likely that materially different amounts could be recorded if different assumptions were used or if the underlying circumstances were to change. The Company monitors the consistent application of its critical accounting policies and compliance with contract accounting. Business operations personnel conduct periodic contract status and performance reviews. When adjustments in estimated contract revenues or costs are determined, any material changes from prior estimates are included in earnings in the current period. Also, regular and recurring evaluations of contract cost, scheduling and technical matters are performed by Company personnel who are independent from the business operations personnel performing work under the contract. Costs incurred and allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency for compliance with regulatory standards.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Below is a summary of the Company’s accounting by type of revenue:

•Mission Support: Mission support services primarily relate to the integrated design, manufacture, and assembly of satellites for customers.

•Launch Support: Launch support services relate to the assistance the Company provides in the process of launching a satellite into space by identifying and securing launch opportunities with launch providers as well as coordinating and managing the activities leading up to the launch event on behalf of customers.

•Operations: Operations relates to the management, operations, and communication of information of satellites that are on-orbit on behalf of a customer.

•Studies, Design and Other: Studies, design and other services primarily relate to professional engineering feasibility studies and preliminary design services for customers.

The following tables present the Company’s disaggregated revenue by offering and customer type for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Mission support	$	42,359	$	25,554	$	100,495	$	57,945
Launch support		215		826		1,244		1,422
Operations		291		865		660		1,598
Studies, design and other		1,020		585		1,916		1,349
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
U.S. Government contracts
Fixed price	$	33,247	$	13,505	$	80,723	$	34,173
Cost-plus fee and other		2,394		2,320		5,757		7,408
		35,641		15,825		86,480		41,581
Foreign government contracts
Fixed price		1,938		1,420		5,017		3,031
Commercial contracts
Fixed price, U.S.		140		8,323		2,175		14,400
Fixed price, International		730		2,262		3,932		3,302
Cost-plus fee and other, U.S.		32		-		83		-
Cost-plus fee and other, International		5,404		-		6,628		-
		6,306		10,585		12,818		17,702
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue from remaining performance obligations is calculated as the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of the end of the reporting period on executed contracts, including both funded (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded portions of such contracts. Remaining performance obligations do not include unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts.

During February 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Rivada providing for the development, production, and operation of 300 satellites, inclusive of 12 in-orbit spares and ground station equipment, for a total purchase price of $2.4 billion (the “Rivada Agreement”). The agreement also includes options for additional satellites, equipment, and services, including an option for the purchase of an additional 300 satellites. Performance under the agreement will be split into a developmental phase, with amounts billed on a time and materials basis, and a firm fixed price production phase. Rivada has an option to terminate the agreement for convenience at any time and for any reason, which would result in a termination fee for work performed up to such termination. In addition, the agreement includes termination provisions for default in the event of missed delivery targets or deadlines, insolvency, or other failures to perform, which could result in the refund of all amounts paid up to such termination. Whether the Company ultimately recognizes revenue and profit on this contract is subject to a number of uncertainties including, among other things, its ability to successfully perform its obligations, increase its manufacturing capacity, and deliver operational satellites in a timely manner and Rivada’s continuing ability to fund contract performance and maintain its regulatory licenses for its operations. The amount of revenue recognized under the Rivada Agreement was $5.4 million and $6.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $2.6 billion of remaining performance obligations, of which $2.4 billion is related to the Rivada Agreement. While the Rivada Agreement is subject to uncertainty regarding the timing of performance, the

Company estimates that all of its performance obligations will be satisfied and recognized as revenue by December 31, 2027. Of the remaining performance obligations, approximately $187 million is expected to be recognized as revenue by December 31, 2025.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

For each of the Company’s contracts with customers, the timing of revenue recognition, customer billings, and cash collections results in a net contract asset or liability at the end of each reporting period.

Fixed-price contracts are typically billed to the customer either using progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance-based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis.

Contract assets

Contract assets relate to instances in which revenue recognized exceeds amounts billed to customers and are reclassified to accounts receivable when the Company has an unconditional right to the consideration and bills the customer. Contract assets are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will bill the customer and are not considered to include a significant financing component as the payment terms are intended to protect the customer in the event the Company does not perform on its obligations under the contract.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses against its contract assets for amounts not expected to be recovered. The allowance is recognized at inception and is reassessed each reporting period. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not material for the periods presented.

Contract assets from products and services for which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer was $1.6 million and $5.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of contract assets, net, recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Contract assets, gross	$	4,806		$	6,840
Allowance for credit losses		(58	)		(77	)
Contract assets, net	$	4,748		$	6,763

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all contract assets were classified as current assets.

There were no material impairments of contract assets during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities relate to advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligations. Contract liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will satisfy the underlying performance obligations and are not considered to include a significant financing component as they are generally utilized to procure materials needed to satisfy a performance obligation or are used to ensure the customer meets contractual requirements.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all contract liabilities were classified as current liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $26.1 million and $17.1 million, respectively, that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent unconditional rights to consideration due from customers in the ordinary course of business and are generally due in one year or less. Accounts receivable are recorded at amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses, which is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of its accounts receivable. The Company reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses by considering the age of each outstanding invoice and the collection history of each customer. Accounts receivable that are deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified.

Accounts receivable from products and services for which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer was $4.4 million and $1.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents changes in the allowance for credit losses for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Beginning balance	$	764		$	945
Adoption of CECL		-			39
Provision for credit losses		194			40
Write-offs		(700	)		(790	)
Ending balance	$	258		$	234

Reserve for Anticipated Losses on Contracts

When the estimated cost-at-completion exceeds the estimated revenue to be earned for a performance obligation, the Company records a reserve for the anticipated losses in the period the loss is determined. The reserve for anticipated losses on contracts is presented as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a component of cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-35, Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.

The Company recorded an increase in cost of sales related to the reserve for anticipated losses on contracts of $0.2 million and a decrease in cost of sales of $1.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and increases in cost of sales of $0.1 million and $0.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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Inventory

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

Note 3 Inventory

Inventory consists of parts and sub-assemblies that are ultimately consumed in the manufacturing and final assembly of satellites. When an item in inventory has been identified and incorporated into a specific satellite, the cost of the sub-assembly is charged to cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventory includes direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead and is determined on a first-in-first-out basis. Inventory is presented net of an allowance for losses associated with excess and obsolete items, which is estimated based on the Company’s current knowledge with respect to inventory levels, planned production, and customer demand.

The components of inventory as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	18,363	$	19,194
Work-in-process		15,682		4,939
Total inventory	$	34,045	$	24,133

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Note 4 Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment, net is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost for company-owned satellite assets includes amounts related to design, construction, launch, and commission. Cost for ground stations includes amounts related to construction and testing. Interest is capitalized on certain qualifying assets that take a substantial period of time to develop for their intended use. Depreciation expense is calculated using the sum-of-the-years’ digits or straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Machinery and equipment	5-7 years
Satellites	3-5 years
Ground station equipment	5-7 years
Office equipment and furniture	5-7 years
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term

The determination of the estimated useful life of company-owned satellites involves an analysis that considers design life, random part failure probabilities, expected component degradation and cycle life, predicted fuel consumption and experience with satellite parts, vendors and similar assets.

Depreciation expense was $2.3 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.0 million and $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are expensed when incurred.

The gross carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, and net carrying amount of property, plant, and equipment, net as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	25,296		$	13,066
Satellites		2,209			2,209
Ground station equipment		2,095			1,944
Office equipment and furniture		4,544			2,958
Software		1,174			240
Leasehold improvements		20,796			9,734
Construction-in-process		11,429			9,467
Property, plant, and equipment, gross		67,543			39,618
Accumulated depreciation		(20,453	)		(14,875	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	47,090		$	24,743

Construction-in-process primarily includes machinery, leasehold improvements, and ground station equipment not yet placed into service.

The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment, net for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the net carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. The Company groups assets at the lowest level for which cash flows are separately identified. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the net carrying amount of the asset group to its expected future undiscounted cash flows. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows of the asset group are less than its net carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the net carrying amount exceeds the fair value less costs to sell. The calculation of the fair value less costs to sell of an asset group is based on assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk.

There were no impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Note 5 Debt

Long-term debt (including accrued interest to be paid-in-kind) as of the presented periods was comprised of the following:

(in thousands)
Description	Issued	Maturity	Interest Rate	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Francisco Partners Facility	November 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	$120,023	$120,023
Lockheed Martin Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	25,000	25,000
Beach Point Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	11.25%	Quarterly	32,218	31,741
Convertible Notes due 2027	October 2022	October 2027	10.00%	Quarterly	109,491	101,699
PIPE Investment Obligation	March 2022	December 2025	N/A	N/A	18,750	22,500
Equipment financings(1)					2,067	859
Finance leases(2)					5,437	411
Unamortized deferred issuance costs					(2,785)	(3,073)
Unamortized discount on debt					(134,312)	(148,801)
Total debt					175,889	150,359
Current portion of long-term debt					11,632	7,739
Long-term debt					$164,257	$142,620

(1) - Consists of equipment financing debt agreements, primarily entered into during 2023, with maturities through September 2030, annual interest rates ranging from 6.25% to 20.05%, and requiring monthly payments of interest and principal.

(2) - Refer to Note 14 “Leases” for further discussion.

There were no significant changes in the Company’s long-term debt, except for the commencement of certain machinery and equipment finance leases, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In October 2023, the Company paid $1.875 million related to the PIPE Investment Obligation, which was outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

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Warrants and Derivatives

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Disclosure of Warrants and Derivatives [Abstract]

Warrants and Derivatives

Note 6 Warrants and Derivatives

The Company’s warrants and derivatives consist of freestanding financial instruments and embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation issued in connection with the Company’s debt and equity financing transactions. The Company does not have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments.

The Company evaluates whether each warrant or derivative represents a liability-classified financial instrument within the scope of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, or either a liability-classified or equity-classified financial instrument within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

Warrants and derivatives classified as liabilities are recognized at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are remeasured at fair value as of each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Warrants and derivatives classified as equity are recognized at fair value in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are not subsequently remeasured.

Liability-classified Warrants and Derivatives

The fair values of liability-classified warrants and derivatives recorded in warrant and derivative liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the presented periods were as follows:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares as of September 30, 2023		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise/Conversion Price		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Public Warrants		19,221,960	March 2021	March 2027	$	11.50	$	2,883	$	1,922
Private Placement Warrants		78,000	March 2021	March 2027		11.50		12		8
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704	March 2022	March 2027		10.00		20,481		18,573
2027 Warrants		17,253,279	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		6,736		13,707
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		2,304		5,740
Warrant and derivative liabilities		82,626,518					$	32,416	$	39,950

There were no significant changes in the Company’s liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, except for changes in fair value.

The changes in liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were predominately related to the Tailwind Two Merger and were as follows:

(in thousands)	Current Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	68,518		$	5,631		$	74,149
Initial recognition from Tailwind Two Merger		-			13,124			13,124
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		13,342			(15,667	)		(2,325	)
Reclassification of current warrant and derivative liabilities to warrant and derivative liabilities		(25,966	)		25,966			-
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified		(11,007	)		-			(11,007	)
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock		-			(7,616	)		(7,616	)
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		(44,887	)		-			(44,887	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	-		$	21,438		$	21,438

Equity-classified Warrants and Derivatives

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s equity-classified warrants and derivatives were comprised of the following:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise Price
Combination Warrants		2,763,902	March 2022	March 2027	$	10.00
RDO Warrants		29,000,000	May 2023	November 2028		1.43
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000	May 2023	May 2028		1.60
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants		11,535,715	September 2023	N/A		0.0001
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290	September 2023	September 2028		1.50
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000	September 2023	September 2028		1.75
Total equity-classified warrants and derivatives		70,168,907

There were no significant changes to the Company’s equity-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, except as discussed below.

Registered Direct Offering

On May 30, 2023, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) with an institutional investor in which the Company received proceeds of approximately $37.1 million for the sale and issuance of (i) 16 million shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 13 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 29 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.43 (the “RDO Warrants”). In connection with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company incurred third-party issuance costs of $4.5 million, inclusive of the $1.5 million fair value recognized associated with 2 million warrants issued to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.60 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Company allocated the $37.1 million proceeds received and the $4.5 million of third-party issuance costs between the issued common stock, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the RDO Warrants based on relative fair value. Accordingly, the Company allocated proceeds of $12.2 million and issuance costs of $1.5 million to common stock and proceeds of $24.9 million and issuance costs of $3.0 million to equity-classified warrants and derivatives. The proceeds and issuance costs were recognized as additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as financing cash flows in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The fair values of the common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants were estimated based on the market price of the Company’s common stock while the fair values of the RDO Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised.

Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

On September 21, 2023, the Company completed a confidentially marketed public offering (the “CMPO”) in which the Company received proceeds of approximately $32.5 million for the sale and issuance of approximately (i) 11.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 11.5 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 (the “CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) 23.2 million warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share (the “CMPO Warrants”). In connection with the CMPO, the Company incurred third-party issuance costs of $4 million, inclusive of the $1.1 million fair value recognized associated with 1.6 million warrants issued to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 (the “CMPO Placement Agent Warrants”). The Company allocated the $32.5 million proceeds received and the $4.0 million of third-party issuance costs between the issued common stock, the CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants, and the CMPO Warrants based on relative fair value. Accordingly, the Company allocated proceeds of $10.0 million and issuance costs of $1.2 million to common stock and proceeds of $22.5 million and issuance costs of $2.8 million to equity-classified warrants and derivatives. The proceeds and issuance costs were recognized as additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as financing cash flows in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The fair values of the common stock and CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants were estimated based on the market price of the Company’s common stock while the fair values of the CMPO Warrants and CMPO Placement Agent Warrants were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 7 Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market, or if none exists, the most advantageous market, for the specific asset or liability at the measurement date (the exit price). The fair value is based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. A fair value measurement is assigned a level within the fair value hierarchy depending on the source of the inputs utilized in estimating the fair value measurement as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Fair Value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s Common Stock

Prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, there was no public market for Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock. As such, the fair value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock was estimated using an option pricing model, which allocated the total enterprise value of the Company to the different classes of equity as of the valuation date.

The significant assumptions used in the option pricing model included: (i) total enterprise value of Legacy Terran Orbital based on the guideline publicly-traded company method, guideline transaction method, market calibration method and discounted cash flow method; (ii) liquidation preferences, conversion values, and participation thresholds of different equity classes; (iii) probability-weighted time to a liquidity event; (iv) expected volatility based upon the historical and implied volatility of common stock for the Company’s selected peers; (v) expected dividend yield of zero as the Company does not have a history or plan of declaring dividends on its common stock; (vi) risk-free interest rate based on U.S. treasury bonds with a zero-coupon rate, (vii) implied valuation, timing, and probability of the Tailwind Two Merger; and (viii) a discount for the lack of marketability of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock at that time. The fair value of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock represented a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Following the Tailwind Two Merger, there is a public market for Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock and certain warrant and derivative liabilities. Accordingly, the fair value of Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock and applicable warrant and derivative liabilities is based on the closing price on the relevant valuation date as reported on the NYSE.

Warrant and Derivative Liabilities

The fair values of certain warrant and derivative liabilities were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses the following significant inputs and assumptions for each security as of the valuation date: (i) the price per share of common stock, (ii) the exercise price, (iii) the risk-free interest rate, (iv) the dividend yield, (v) the contractual term, and (vi) the estimated volatility. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

The fair values of certain warrant and derivative liabilities were estimated using models similar to that of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and included additional assumptions. Depending on the circumstances and features of the instruments, additional assumptions included or consisted of: (i) the estimated counterparty credit spread based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (ii) the implied valuation, timing, and probability of closing the Tailwind Two Merger, (iii) the estimated redemption rate of the Tailwind Two’s public shareholders, and (iv) a discount for the lack of marketability of Legacy Terran Orbital’s common stock. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

The final fair values of certain warrants and derivatives were based on the number of shares of Terran Orbital Corporation common stock issued as part of the Tailwind Two Merger and the price per share of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as of the Tailwind Two Merger and represent Level 1 fair value measurements.

The fair value of the Public Warrants was based on their quoted market price as of each valuation date and represents a Level 1 fair value measurement. As the Private Placement Warrants are substantially similar to the Public Warrants, their fair value was based on the quoted market price of the Public Warrants as of each valuation date and represents a Level 2 fair value measurement.

The fair value of the Conversion Option Derivative was estimated as the difference in the fair value of the Convertible Notes due 2027 inclusive of the conversion option and the fair value of the Convertible Notes due 2027 exclusive of the conversion option. The fair value inclusive of the conversion option was estimated using a lattice model with the following significant inputs and assumptions: (i) time to maturity, (ii) coupon rate, (iii) discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (iv) risk-free interest rate, (v) contractual features such as prepayment options, call premiums and default provisions, (vi) price per share of common stock, (vii) dividend yield, and (viii) estimated volatility. The fair value exclusive of the conversion option was estimated using a discounted cash flow method using a discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below plus a risk-free interest rate. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

The assumptions underlying the above valuations represented the Company’s best estimate, which involved inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. If the Company had used different assumptions or estimates, the fair values above could have been materially different.

Long-term Debt

The following table presents the total net carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt instruments, excluding finance leases, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Long-term debt	$	170,452	$	276,376	$	149,948	$	257,810

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company's long-term debt, except as otherwise described, was estimated using a lattice model with the following significant inputs and assumptions: (i) time to maturity, (ii) coupon rate, (iii) discount rate based on an estimated credit rating of CCC and below, (iv) risk-free interest rate, and (v) contractual features such as prepayment options, call premiums and default provisions. The fair value related to Convertible Notes due 2027 was exclusive of the conversion option and estimated as described above. The fair value of long-term debt related to the PIPE Investment Obligation was estimated using a discounted cash flow method applied to the remaining quarterly payments using a discount rate based on a risk-free rate derived from constant maturity yields plus a credit risk derived from an estimated credit rating of CCC and below. The resulting fair values represent Level 3 fair value measurements.

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Shareholders' Deficit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Shareholders' Deficit

Note 8 Shareholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

Subsequent to the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company was authorized to issue up to 300 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each share of common stock entitles the shareholder to one vote. In May 2023, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 600,000,000.

Registered Direct Offering

In connection with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company issued 16 million shares of common stock with allocated proceeds of $12.2 million and allocated issuance costs of $1.5 million.

Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

In connection with the CMPO, the Company issued 11.7 million shares of common stock with allocated proceeds of $10.0 million and allocated issuance costs of $1.2 million.

Tailwind Two Merger

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 11 million shares of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two, which were recognized at historical cost, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger and issued 5.1 million shares of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment. The Tailwind Two Merger and PIPE Investment resulted in allocated cash proceeds of $58.4 million with aggregate allocated third-party issuance costs of $48.4 million and the assumption of the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants with an aggregate fair value of $13.1 million. In addition, the Company issued 4.3 million shares of common stock as consideration for certain financing transactions in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger.

Committed Equity Facility

On July 5, 2022, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Committed Equity Facility”) with an institutional investor giving the Company the right, but not the obligation, to sell to the investor over a 24-month period up to the lesser of (i) $100 million of newly issued shares of our common stock and (ii) 27,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The price per share of common stock sold is determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock as defined within the Committed Equity Facility less a 3% discount, subject to certain limitations and conditions. The total net proceeds that the Company will receive under the Committed Equity Facility will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells common stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock to B. Riley under the Committed Equity Facility. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold and issued 637,487 shares of common stock to B. Riley under the Committed Equity Facility, including 214,791 shares issued on July 5, 2022 as consideration for B. Riley’s commitment to enter into the Committed Equity Facility, resulting in proceeds received of $1.8 million and $1 million of other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company expensed third-party costs associated with the Committed Equity Facility of approximately $380 thousand and $773 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining availability under the Committed Equity Facility was the lesser of 27,077,304 shares of common stock or $98.2 million of proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock. In connection with the CMPO, the Company is restricted from selling common stock under the Committed Equity Facility until after its expiration.

Preferred Stock

Subsequent to the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company is authorized to issue up to 50 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. There were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

As part of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of the convertible preferred stock of Legacy Terran Orbital was converted into approximately 10.9 million shares of Terran Orbital Corporation’s common stock. As a result of the conversion, the Company reclassified the amount of convertible preferred stock to additional paid-in capital.

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Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 9 Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense totaled $3.8 million and $9.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $17.5 million and $40.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Prior to the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of the Company's outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) included a performance condition that required a liquidity event to occur in order to vest. Accordingly, the Company previously did not recognize share-based compensation expense associated with the RSUs as their performance condition was not probable of being met until such an event occurred. Upon closing of the Tailwind Two Merger in March 2022, the Company recorded a cumulative catch-up of approximately $17.2 million to begin recognition of share-based compensation expense associated with these RSUs as the performance condition was

met, of which $2.1 million was recorded to cost of sales and $15.1 million was recorded to selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on the classification of each employee's compensation expense.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted approximately 8.6 million RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.57 per unit based on the public market price of the Company’s common stock as of the date of grant. These RSUs will primarily vest over a four-year period.

During October 2023, the Company granted approximately 550 thousand RSUs that will vest over a four-year period.

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Net Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Note 10 Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Equity-classified warrants that are exercisable for nominal consideration are included in basic weighted-average shares outstanding at the time of issuance.

Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all securities having a dilutive effect on net loss, weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, or both. The effect from potential dilutive securities included, but was not limited to: (i) incremental shares of common stock calculated using the if-converted method for the Convertible Notes due 2027 and Conversion Option Derivative, and the PIPE Investment Obligation; (ii) incremental shares of common stock calculated using the treasury stock method for warrants and share-based compensation awards; (iii) incremental shares and potential shares of common stock that were contingently issuable upon closing of the Tailwind Two Merger; and (iv) the corresponding impact to net loss associated with the preceding considerations.

The RDO Warrants and CMPO Warrants each meet the definition of a participating security because they are entitled to participate in distributions by the Company while in the form of a warrant; however, the RDO Warrants and CMPO Warrants are not required to share in the net losses of the Company. Accordingly, these participating securities do not have an impact on basic net loss per share in periods of net loss and with no distributions.

For purposes of the diluted net loss per share computation, all potentially dilutive securities were excluded because their (i) effect would be anti-dilutive, (ii) exercise price was “out-of-the-money,” or (iii) contingent issuance conditions were unsatisfied. As a result, diluted net loss per share was equal to basic net loss per share for each period presented.

The table below represents the anti-dilutive securities that could potentially be dilutive in the future for the periods presented:

	As of September 30,
(in shares of common stock)	2023		2022
Stock options		1,047,327		1,806,287
Restricted stock units		22,538,032		15,172,238
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704		8,291,704
Combination Warrants		2,763,902		2,763,902
Public Warrants		19,221,960		11,499,960
Private Placement Warrants		78,000		7,800,000
2027 Warrants		17,253,279		—
RDO Warrants		29,000,000		—
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000		—
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290		—
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000		—
PIPE Investment Obligation		13,554,217		12,711,864
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575		—

The computations of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(26,429	)	$	(27,355	)	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		178,624,492			143,276,708			159,856,355			123,317,997
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.68	)	$	(1.06	)

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 11 Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $22 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.1%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of net operating losses (“NOLs”) offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $54 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $23 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $58 thousand, resulting in an effective tax rate for the period of 0.0%. The Company had a minimal effective tax rate as a result of the continued generation of NOLs offset by a full valuation allowance recorded on such NOLs as the Company determined it is more-likely-than-not that its NOLs will not be utilized. The remainder of the provision for income taxes was primarily related to taxable income from the Company’s foreign subsidiary.

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Commitment and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 12 Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Other Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is subject to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, such as contractual disputes and employment matters. The Company is also subject to regulatory and governmental examinations, information requests and subpoenas, inquiries, investigations, and threatened legal actions and proceedings. The Company records accruals for losses that are probable and reasonably estimable. These accruals are based on a variety of factors such as judgment, probability of loss, and opinions of internal and external legal counsel. Legal costs in connection with claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business are expensed as incurred.

Class Action

In February 2023, a putative class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”), Case No. 1:23-cv-01394. The litigation was instituted by Jeffrey Mullen on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated. In July 2023, an amended complaint was filed by Jeffrey Mullen, Robert Irwin, Justin Carnahan and Thomas Bennett, each on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, naming the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, and the members of Legacy Terran Orbital’s Board of Directors as defendants. The amended class action complaint (as amended, the “Complaint”) asserts claims for violations of Section 11(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 and Section 158 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and

breach of fiduciary duties, resulting from the Company’s alleged failure to timely transfer shares of common stock to current and former employee shareholders after the consummation of the Tailwind Two Merger and alleges materially false and misleading statements made in the Company’s Form S-4 Registration Statement and Proxy Prospectus primarily relating to the process for exchanging shares in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger. The Complaint seeks an award of damages, an award of reasonable costs and expenses at trial, including counsel and expert fees, and an award of such other relief as deemed appropriate by the Court. The Company intends to defend this action vigorously.

Commercial Agreements

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company entered into commercial agreements to purchase an aggregate amount of $20 million of goods and services over three years from two affiliates of a PIPE investor, which became effective upon the closing of the Tailwind Two Merger. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $12.9 million of the purchase obligations remained outstanding under these commercial agreements.

In 2022, the Company entered into a purchase obligation of $22.4 million for the procurement of components related to a customer program. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $3.2 million of the purchase obligation remained outstanding.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Note 13 Related Party Transactions

Lockheed Martin

Lockheed Martin, directly and through its wholly-owned subsidiary Astrolink International, LLC (“Astrolink”), is a significant holder of debt and equity instruments of the Company.

On June 26, 2017, the Company entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Lockheed Martin (the “Strategic Cooperation Agreement”) pursuant to which the parties agreed to (i) collaborate on the development, production and sale of satellites for use in U.S. Government spacecraft and spacecraft procurements and (ii) establish a cooperation framework to enable the parties to enter into projects, research and development agreements and other collaborative business arrangements and “teaming activities.”

On October 31, 2022, the Company and Lockheed Martin terminated the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, as amended, and entered into a new Strategic Cooperation Agreement (the “2022 SCA”), pursuant to which the parties have agreed to continue to share business development opportunities and work collaboratively on small satellite and other aerospace and defense opportunities and ventures. Unless earlier terminated, the 2022 SCA has a term of 13 years and will terminate in 2035. During the term of the 2022 SCA, Lockheed Martin will be entitled to appoint a director to the Company’s board of directors and to appoint a separate board observer. As part of the 2022 SCA, the Company has also agreed that it will not make any public announcement with respect to, or seek approval by the board of directors of, any sale transaction or Fundamental Change (as defined in certain financing agreements) with respect to the Company, or any other extraordinary transaction involving the Company, with any other person regarding any of the foregoing, without giving prior notice to Lockheed Martin and to include Lockheed Martin in any such sale process, in each case, subject to the fiduciary duties of the board of directors and management of the Company.

Revenue

The Company recognized revenue from Lockheed Martin of $34.9 million and $21.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $82.3 million and $46.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the Company had accounts receivable due from Lockheed Martin of $3.7 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and contract assets from contracts with Lockheed Martin of $2.0 million and $4.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company had contract liabilities from contracts with Lockheed Martin of $2.7 million and $22.5 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, programs associated with Lockheed Martin represented approximately 3% and 81% of the Company's remaining performance obligations, respectively.

Expenses

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred approximately $3.6 million of expenses in connection with engineering and research and development support provided by Lockheed Martin.

GeoOptics, Inc.

The Company owns a non-controlling equity interest in GeoOptics, Inc. (“GeoOptics”), a privately held company engaged in the acquisition and sale of Earth observation data and a purchaser of products and services from the Company. Additionally, one of the Company’s executive officers serves as a member of the GeoOptics board of directors. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s $1.7 million investment in GeoOptics represented less than a 3% ownership interest and was fully impaired.

The Company recognized revenue from GeoOptics of $190 thousand and $1.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company did not recognize any revenue from GeoOptics during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Transactions with Chairman and CEO

The Company leases office space in a building owned by its Chairman and CEO with a lease term of April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2026. The Company has a one-time right to extend the lease for a period of five additional years. The lease payments under this lease were approximately $61 thousand and $59 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $180 thousand and $175 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

PIPE Investment Obligation

An affiliate of a director and shareholder of the Company invested $30 million as part of the PIPE Investment in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger (the “Insider PIPE Investment”) in March 2022. The subscription agreement for the Insider PIPE Investment included a provision that obligates the Company to pay the affiliate a quarterly fee of $1.875 million for sixteen quarters beginning with the period ending March 31, 2022 (the “PIPE Investment Obligation”). The first four quarterly payments were to be paid in cash and the remaining payments are to be paid, at the Company's option, in cash or common stock of the Company, subject to subordination to and compliance with the Company's debt facilities and other contractual arrangements.

The Insider PIPE Investment resulted in proceeds received of $30 million, of which $13 million was allocated to proceeds from debt and $17 million was allocated to proceeds from the PIPE Investment in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on relative fair value. Refer to Note 5 “Debt” for further discussion.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 14 Leases

As part of normal operations, the Company leases real estate and equipment from various counterparties with lease terms and maturities extending through 2032.

The following table presents the amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets related to operating and finance leases as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets:
Operating	Other assets	$	12,300	$	12,736
Finance	Property, plant, and equipment, net		6,483		420
Total right-of-use assets		$	18,783	$	13,156
Lease liabilities
Operating	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,342	$	971
Finance	Current portion of long-term debt		1,874		90
Operating	Other liabilities		18,396		19,426
Finance	Long-term debt		3,563		321
Total lease liabilities		$	25,175	$	20,808

The following is a summary of the Company’s lease cost for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease cost (in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,785	$	1,824	$	5,334	$	4,934
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets		592		19		858		26
Interest on lease liabilities		165		5		231		9
Variable lease costs		757		196		1,195		670
Total lease cost	$	3,299	$	2,044	$	7,618	$	5,639

The following is a summary of the cash flows and supplemental information associated with the Company’s leases for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Other information (in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,554	$	2,610
Operating cash flows from finance leases		231		9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		621		22
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases		299		10,544
Finance leases		5,736		402

Lease payments prior to commencement are classified in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows based on the expected classification of the lease upon commencement and are excluded from the table above. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, lease payments prior to the commencement of finance leases totaled $1.7 million.

In February 2023, the Company executed an operating lease for manufacturing and assembly space with an original lease term of 124 months, which is expected to commence no later than in February 2024 and has total future minimum lease payments of approximately $34.5 million.

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Business

Organization and Business

Terran Orbital Corporation, formerly known as Tailwind Two Acquisition Corp. (“Tailwind Two”), together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a leading manufacturer of satellite products primarily serving the aerospace and defense industries. The Company provides end-to-end satellite solutions by combining satellite design, production, launch planning, mission operations, and on-orbit support to meet the needs of its military, civil, and commercial customers. The Company has a foreign subsidiary based in Torino, Italy.

Tailwind Two Merger

Tailwind Two Merger

Prior to March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two was a publicly listed special purpose acquisition company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company. On March 25, 2022, Tailwind Two acquired Terran Orbital Operating Corporation, formerly known as Terran Orbital Corporation (“Legacy Terran Orbital”) (the “Tailwind Two Merger”). In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Tailwind Two filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies and filed a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, resulting in Tailwind Two becoming a Delaware corporation and changing its name from Tailwind Two to Terran Orbital Corporation. The Tailwind Two Merger resulted in Legacy Terran Orbital becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation.

As a result of the Tailwind Two Merger, all of Legacy Terran Orbital's issued and outstanding common stock was converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock using an exchange ratio of 27.585 shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock per each share of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock. In addition, Legacy Terran Orbital's convertible preferred stock and certain warrants were exercised and converted into shares of Legacy Terran Orbital's common stock immediately prior to the Tailwind Two Merger, and in turn, were converted into shares of Terran Orbital Corporation's common stock as a result of the Tailwind Two Merger. Further, in connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, Legacy Terran Orbital's share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards were cancelled and exchanged or converted, as applicable, with a new share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards of Terran Orbital Corporation. In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, the Company entered into certain debt financing transactions that resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $23.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

While Legacy Terran Orbital became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital was deemed to be the acquirer in the Tailwind Two Merger for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Tailwind Two Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in which case the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of Legacy Terran Orbital and the issuance of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Tailwind Two recognized at historical cost and no recognition of goodwill or other intangible assets. Operations prior to the Tailwind Two Merger are those of Legacy Terran Orbital and all share and per-share data included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to give effect to the Tailwind Two Merger. In addition, the number of shares subject to, and the exercise price of, the Company’s outstanding options and warrants were adjusted to reflect the Tailwind Two Merger. The treatment of the Tailwind Two Merger as a reverse recapitalization was based upon the pre-merger shareholders of Legacy Terran Orbital holding the majority of the voting interests of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's existing management team serving as the initial management team of Terran Orbital Corporation, Legacy Terran Orbital's appointment of the majority of the initial board of directors of Terran Orbital Corporation, and Legacy Terran Orbital's operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company.

In connection with the Tailwind Two Merger, approximately $29 million of cash and marketable securities held in trust, net of redemptions by Tailwind Two's public shareholders, became available for use by the Company as well as proceeds received from the contemporaneous sale of common stock in connection with the closing of a PIPE investment with a contractual amount of $51 million (the “PIPE Investment”). In addition, the Company received additional proceeds from the issuance of debt contemporaneously with the Tailwind Two Merger. The cash raised was used for general corporate purposes, the partial paydown of debt, the payment of transaction costs and the payment of other costs directly or indirectly attributable to the Tailwind Two Merger.

Beginning on March 28, 2022, the Company's common stock and public warrants began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbols “LLAP” and “LLAP WS,” respectively. On October 20, 2023, we received written notice from the NYSE that the average closing price of our shares of common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period

ended October 18, 2023, which is below the requirement for continued listing on the NYSE. As such, our shares of common stock will continue to trade under the symbol “LLAP” but will have an added designation of “.BC” to indicate that the status of the common stock is “below compliance” with the NYSE continued listing standards. The “.BC” indicator will be removed at such time as we are deemed to be in compliance.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, they include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to summarize fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The interim results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be taken as indicative of results that may be expected for future interim periods or the full year. For a more comprehensive understanding of the Company and its interim results, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 23, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all the footnote disclosures from the annual consolidated financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Terran Orbital Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s accounting policies used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements do not differ from those used for the annual consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

The Company evaluates and reports its segment information based on the manner in which its Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), evaluates performance and allocates resources. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company reports its results as a single operating and reportable segment on a consolidated basis. Where applicable, prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Company’s current operating and reportable segment structure.

There were no recently issued or recently adopted accounting pronouncements that had or are expected to have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to select accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company’s estimates are based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or market conditions.

COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus as a pandemic (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The COVID-19 Pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption in the financial and capital markets.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has contributed to a worldwide shortage of electronic components which has resulted in longer than historically experienced lead times for such electronic components. The reduced availability to receive electronic components used in the Company’s operations has negatively affected its timing and ability to deliver products and services to customers as well as increased its costs in recent periods. In an effort to manage this disruption to its supply chain, the Company has focused on accumulating critical components to ensure an appropriate level of supply is available when needed.

The Company considered the emergence and pervasive economic impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in its assessment of its financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and certain accounting estimates as of and for the periods presented. The U.S. Government

allowed the national public health emergency declaration related to the COVID-19 Pandemic to expire on May 11, 2023, and the WHO ended the global emergency status for the COVID-19 Pandemic on May 5, 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the time of purchase.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Payroll-related accruals	$	8,291	$	5,671
Current operating lease liabilities		1,342		971
Accrued interest		2,114		2,107
Other current liabilities		4,023		2,972
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	15,770	$	11,721

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development includes materials, labor, and overhead allocations attributable to the development of new products and solutions and significant improvements to existing products and solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Research and development expense was $3.8 million and $5.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.6 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risks

Concentration of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and contract assets.

The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major financial institutions. Certain account balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits of $250,000 per account. As a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of the insurance limits. The Company regularly monitors the financial stability of these financial institutions and believes that there is no exposure to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable and contract assets are limited because a large portion of our balances are related to (i) reputable companies with significant financial resources or (ii) customer programs in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer.

A small number of customers and contracts historically have represented a significant portion of the Company's consolidated revenue. Lockheed Martin Corporation (“Lockheed Martin”) represented approximately 79% and 77% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 79% and 75% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rivada Space Networks GmbH (“Rivada”) represented approximately 12% and 0% of consolidated revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 6% and 0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no other individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue during the periods presented.

The table below presents individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s combined accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, and contract assets, net of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Customer A	47%	0%
Customer B	29%	42%
Customer C	7%	11%
Customer D	0%	12%
Total	83%	65%

Revenue and Receivables

The Company applies the following five steps in order to recognize revenue from contracts with customers: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, the Company assesses whether the goods or services promised within the contract represent a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the best estimate of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation, which is estimated using the expected-cost-plus-margin approach. Generally, the Company’s contracts with customers are structured such that the customer has the option to purchase additional goods or services. Customer options to purchase additional goods or services do not represent a separate performance obligation as the prices for such options reflect the stand-alone selling prices for the additional goods or services. Contracts are generally priced on a firm-fixed price basis, cost-plus fee basis, or time and materials basis.

The Company recognizes the transaction price allocated to the respective performance obligation as revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company's contracts with customers relate to the creation of specialized assets that do not have alternative use and entitle the Company to an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Accordingly, the Company generally measures progress towards the satisfaction of a performance obligation over time using the cost-to-cost input method.

Payments for costs not yet incurred or for costs incurred in anticipation of providing a good or service under a contract with a customer in the future are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Estimate-at-Completion (“EAC”)

The recognition of revenue over time using the cost-to-cost input method is dependent on the Company’s cost estimate-at-completion (“EAC”), which is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. EAC represents the total estimated cost-at-completion and is comprised of direct material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead applicable to a performance obligation. There is a company-wide standard and periodic EAC process in which the Company reviews the progress and execution of outstanding performance obligations. As part of this process, the Company reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include the Company’s judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. The Company must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g., to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from customers and overhead cost rates, among other variables.

Based on the results of the periodic EAC process, any adjustments to revenue, cost of sales, and the related impact to gross profit are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in gross profit during the performance of individual performance obligations, if it is determined the Company will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in gross profit if it is determined the Company will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of the Company’s performance obligations.

Contract modifications often relate to changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications are considered to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price, and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Some of the Company’s long-term contracts contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount to which the Company is expected to be entitled. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available. The unfunded portion of enforceable contracts are accounted for as variable consideration.

For contracts in which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer, the Company follows U.S. Government procurement and accounting standards in assessing the allowability and the allocability of costs to contracts. Due to the significance of the judgments and estimation processes, it is likely that materially different amounts could be recorded if different assumptions were used or if the underlying circumstances were to change. The Company monitors the consistent application of its critical accounting policies and compliance with contract accounting. Business operations personnel conduct periodic contract status and performance reviews. When adjustments in estimated contract revenues or costs are determined, any material changes from prior estimates are included in earnings in the current period. Also, regular and recurring evaluations of contract cost, scheduling and technical matters are performed by Company personnel who are independent from the business operations personnel performing work under the contract. Costs incurred and allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency for compliance with regulatory standards.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Below is a summary of the Company’s accounting by type of revenue:

•Mission Support: Mission support services primarily relate to the integrated design, manufacture, and assembly of satellites for customers.

•Launch Support: Launch support services relate to the assistance the Company provides in the process of launching a satellite into space by identifying and securing launch opportunities with launch providers as well as coordinating and managing the activities leading up to the launch event on behalf of customers.

•Operations: Operations relates to the management, operations, and communication of information of satellites that are on-orbit on behalf of a customer.

•Studies, Design and Other: Studies, design and other services primarily relate to professional engineering feasibility studies and preliminary design services for customers.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue from remaining performance obligations is calculated as the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of the end of the reporting period on executed contracts, including both funded (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded portions of such contracts. Remaining performance obligations do not include unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts.

During February 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Rivada providing for the development, production, and operation of 300 satellites, inclusive of 12 in-orbit spares and ground station equipment, for a total purchase price of $2.4 billion (the “Rivada Agreement”). The agreement also includes options for additional satellites, equipment, and services, including an option for the purchase of an additional 300 satellites. Performance under the agreement will be split into a developmental phase, with amounts billed on a time and materials basis, and a firm fixed price production phase. Rivada has an option to terminate the agreement for convenience at any time and for any reason, which would result in a termination fee for work performed up to such termination. In addition, the agreement includes termination provisions for default in the event of missed delivery targets or deadlines, insolvency, or other failures to perform, which could result in the refund of all amounts paid up to such termination. Whether the Company ultimately recognizes revenue and profit on this contract is subject to a number of uncertainties including, among other things, its ability to successfully perform its obligations, increase its manufacturing capacity, and deliver operational satellites in a timely manner and Rivada’s continuing ability to fund contract performance and maintain its regulatory licenses for its operations. The amount of revenue recognized under the Rivada Agreement was $5.4 million and $6.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Contract Assets

Contract assets

Contract assets relate to instances in which revenue recognized exceeds amounts billed to customers and are reclassified to accounts receivable when the Company has an unconditional right to the consideration and bills the customer. Contract assets are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will bill the customer and are not considered to include a significant financing component as the payment terms are intended to protect the customer in the event the Company does not perform on its obligations under the contract.

The Company records an allowance for credit losses against its contract assets for amounts not expected to be recovered. The allowance is recognized at inception and is reassessed each reporting period. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not material for the periods presented.

Contract assets from products and services for which the U.S. Government is the ultimate customer was $1.6 million and $5.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities relate to advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized and are recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligations. Contract liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on the estimated timing in which the Company will satisfy the underlying performance obligations and are not considered to include a significant financing component as they are generally utilized to procure materials needed to satisfy a performance obligation or are used to ensure the customer meets contractual requirements.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represent unconditional rights to consideration due from customers in the ordinary course of business and are generally due in one year or less. Accounts receivable are recorded at amortized cost less an allowance for credit losses, which is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of its accounts receivable. The Company reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses by considering the age of each outstanding invoice and the collection history of each customer. Accounts receivable that are deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses when identified.

Reserve for Anticipated Losses on Contracts

Reserve for Anticipated Losses on Contracts

When the estimated cost-at-completion exceeds the estimated revenue to be earned for a performance obligation, the Company records a reserve for the anticipated losses in the period the loss is determined. The reserve for anticipated losses on contracts is presented as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a component of cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-35, Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Payroll-related accruals	$	8,291	$	5,671
Current operating lease liabilities		1,342		971
Accrued interest		2,114		2,107
Other current liabilities		4,023		2,972
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	15,770	$	11,721

Summary of Individual Customers

The table below presents individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s combined accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, and contract assets, net of allowance for credit losses, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Customer A	47%	0%
Customer B	29%	42%
Customer C	7%	11%
Customer D	0%	12%
Total	83%	65%

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Revenue and Receivables (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivables [Abstract]

Summary of Disaggregated of Revenue

The following tables present the Company’s disaggregated revenue by offering and customer type for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Mission support	$	42,359	$	25,554	$	100,495	$	57,945
Launch support		215		826		1,244		1,422
Operations		291		865		660		1,598
Studies, design and other		1,020		585		1,916		1,349
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
U.S. Government contracts
Fixed price	$	33,247	$	13,505	$	80,723	$	34,173
Cost-plus fee and other		2,394		2,320		5,757		7,408
		35,641		15,825		86,480		41,581
Foreign government contracts
Fixed price		1,938		1,420		5,017		3,031
Commercial contracts
Fixed price, U.S.		140		8,323		2,175		14,400
Fixed price, International		730		2,262		3,932		3,302
Cost-plus fee and other, U.S.		32		-		83		-
Cost-plus fee and other, International		5,404		-		6,628		-
		6,306		10,585		12,818		17,702
Revenue	$	43,885	$	27,830	$	104,315	$	62,314

Summary of Contract Assets Net, Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following is a summary of contract assets, net, recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Contract assets, gross	$	4,806		$	6,840
Allowance for credit losses		(58	)		(77	)
Contract assets, net	$	4,748		$	6,763

Summary of Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following table presents changes in the allowance for credit losses for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Beginning balance	$	764		$	945
Adoption of CECL		-			39
Provision for credit losses		194			40
Write-offs		(700	)		(790	)
Ending balance	$	258		$	234

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Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventory

The components of inventory as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	18,363	$	19,194
Work-in-process		15,682		4,939
Total inventory	$	34,045	$	24,133

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Property, Plant, and Equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Assets

Depreciation expense is calculated using the sum-of-the-years’ digits or straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Machinery and equipment	5-7 years
Satellites	3-5 years
Ground station equipment	5-7 years
Office equipment and furniture	5-7 years
Computer equipment and software	3-5 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term

Schedule of Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

The gross carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, and net carrying amount of property, plant, and equipment, net as of the dates presented were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Machinery and equipment	$	25,296		$	13,066
Satellites		2,209			2,209
Ground station equipment		2,095			1,944
Office equipment and furniture		4,544			2,958
Software		1,174			240
Leasehold improvements		20,796			9,734
Construction-in-process		11,429			9,467
Property, plant, and equipment, gross		67,543			39,618
Accumulated depreciation		(20,453	)		(14,875	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	47,090		$	24,743

XML

Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt

Long-term debt (including accrued interest to be paid-in-kind) as of the presented periods was comprised of the following:

(in thousands)
Description	Issued	Maturity	Interest Rate	Interest Payable	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
Francisco Partners Facility	November 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	$120,023	$120,023
Lockheed Martin Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	9.25%	Quarterly	25,000	25,000
Beach Point Rollover Debt	March 2021	April 2026	11.25%	Quarterly	32,218	31,741
Convertible Notes due 2027	October 2022	October 2027	10.00%	Quarterly	109,491	101,699
PIPE Investment Obligation	March 2022	December 2025	N/A	N/A	18,750	22,500
Equipment financings(1)					2,067	859
Finance leases(2)					5,437	411
Unamortized deferred issuance costs					(2,785)	(3,073)
Unamortized discount on debt					(134,312)	(148,801)
Total debt					175,889	150,359
Current portion of long-term debt					11,632	7,739
Long-term debt					$164,257	$142,620

(1) - Consists of equipment financing debt agreements, primarily entered into during 2023, with maturities through September 2030, annual interest rates ranging from 6.25% to 20.05%, and requiring monthly payments of interest and principal.

(2) - Refer to Note 14 “Leases” for further discussion.

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Warrants and Derivatives (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Disclosure of Warrants and Derivatives [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Liability-Classified Warrants and Derivatives Recorded in Warrant Liabilities

The fair values of liability-classified warrants and derivatives recorded in warrant and derivative liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the presented periods were as follows:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares as of September 30, 2023		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise/Conversion Price		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Public Warrants		19,221,960	March 2021	March 2027	$	11.50	$	2,883	$	1,922
Private Placement Warrants		78,000	March 2021	March 2027		11.50		12		8
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704	March 2022	March 2027		10.00		20,481		18,573
2027 Warrants		17,253,279	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		6,736		13,707
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575	October 2022	October 2027		2.898		2,304		5,740
Warrant and derivative liabilities		82,626,518					$	32,416	$	39,950

Schedule of Liability-Classified Warrants and Derivatives

The changes in liability-classified warrants and derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were predominately related to the Tailwind Two Merger and were as follows:

(in thousands)	Current Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Warrant and Derivative Liabilities			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	68,518		$	5,631		$	74,149
Initial recognition from Tailwind Two Merger		-			13,124			13,124
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities		13,342			(15,667	)		(2,325	)
Reclassification of current warrant and derivative liabilities to warrant and derivative liabilities		(25,966	)		25,966			-
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified		(11,007	)		-			(11,007	)
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock		-			(7,616	)		(7,616	)
Issuance of contingently issuable shares		(44,887	)		-			(44,887	)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	-		$	21,438		$	21,438

Schedule of Equity Classified Warrants And Derivatives

Equity-classified Warrants and Derivatives

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s equity-classified warrants and derivatives were comprised of the following:

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Number of Issuable Shares		Issuance	Maturity	Exercise Price
Combination Warrants		2,763,902	March 2022	March 2027	$	10.00
RDO Warrants		29,000,000	May 2023	November 2028		1.43
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000	May 2023	May 2028		1.60
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants		11,535,715	September 2023	N/A		0.0001
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290	September 2023	September 2028		1.50
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000	September 2023	September 2028		1.75
Total equity-classified warrants and derivatives		70,168,907

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Net Carrying Amount and Estimated Fair Value of Long-Term Debt Instruments

The following table presents the total net carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt instruments, excluding finance leases, as of the dates presented:

	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Long-term debt	$	170,452	$	276,376	$	149,948	$	257,810

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Securities that Could Potentially be Dilutive in Future

The table below represents the anti-dilutive securities that could potentially be dilutive in the future for the periods presented:

	As of September 30,
(in shares of common stock)	2023		2022
Stock options		1,047,327		1,806,287
Restricted stock units		22,538,032		15,172,238
FP Combination Warrants		8,291,704		8,291,704
Combination Warrants		2,763,902		2,763,902
Public Warrants		19,221,960		11,499,960
Private Placement Warrants		78,000		7,800,000
2027 Warrants		17,253,279		—
RDO Warrants		29,000,000		—
Placement Agent Warrants		2,030,000		—
CMPO Warrants		23,214,290		—
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants		1,625,000		—
PIPE Investment Obligation		13,554,217		12,711,864
Conversion Option Derivative		37,781,575		—

Schedule of Computations of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The computations of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(26,429	)	$	(27,355	)	$	(109,004	)	$	(131,001	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		178,624,492			143,276,708			159,856,355			123,317,997
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.68	)	$	(1.06	)

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Related to Operating and Finance Leases

The following table presents the amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets related to operating and finance leases as of the dates presented:

(in thousands)	Classification	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets:
Operating	Other assets	$	12,300	$	12,736
Finance	Property, plant, and equipment, net		6,483		420
Total right-of-use assets		$	18,783	$	13,156
Lease liabilities
Operating	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,342	$	971
Finance	Current portion of long-term debt		1,874		90
Operating	Other liabilities		18,396		19,426
Finance	Long-term debt		3,563		321
Total lease liabilities		$	25,175	$	20,808

Schedule of Lease Cost

The following is a summary of the Company’s lease cost for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Lease cost (in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,785	$	1,824	$	5,334	$	4,934
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets		592		19		858		26
Interest on lease liabilities		165		5		231		9
Variable lease costs		757		196		1,195		670
Total lease cost	$	3,299	$	2,044	$	7,618	$	5,639

Schedule of Cash Flows and Supplemental Information

The following is a summary of the cash flows and supplemental information associated with the Company’s leases for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Other information (in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,554	$	2,610
Operating cash flows from finance leases		231		9
Financing cash flows from finance leases		621		22
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases		299		10,544
Finance leases		5,736		402

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 20, 2023 $ / shares	Mar. 25, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt						$ (23,141,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock					$ 22,172,000	14,791,000
Research and development expense			$ 3,800,000	$ 5,500,000	16,600,000	11,700,000
Cash, FDIC insured amount			$ 250,000		$ 250,000
Subsequent Event | Common Stock
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Consecutive trading day period	30 days
Subsequent Event | Maximum | Common Stock
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Average closing price of shares of common stock | $ / shares	$ 1
Tailwind Two Merger
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Business Acquisition date		Mar. 25, 2022
Loss on extinguishment of debt						$ 23,100,000
Cash and marketable securities held in trust		$ 29,000,000
Intangible assets acquired		$ 0
Tailwind Two Merger | Common Stock
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Exchange ratio		0.27585
Tailwind Two Merger | PIPE investment
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 51,000,000
Sales Revenue
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of customers accounted more than 10% of revenue					no
Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Rivada Space Networks
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			12.00%	0.00%	6.00%	0.00%
Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Lockheed Martin
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			79.00%	77.00%	79.00%	75.00%

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Payroll-related accruals	$ 8,291	$ 5,671
Current operating lease liabilities	1,342	971
Accrued interest	2,114	2,107
Other current liabilities	4,023	2,972
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 15,770	$ 11,721

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Individual Customers Accounted for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses (Detail) - Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses - Customer Concentration Risk	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Customer A
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk Percentage	47.00%	0.00%
Customer B
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk Percentage	29.00%	42.00%
Customer C
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk Percentage	7.00%	11.00%
Customer D
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk Percentage	0.00%	12.00%
Customer
Schedule of Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration Risk Percentage	83.00%	65.00%

XML

Revenue and Receivables - Disaggregated Revenue by Offering and Customer Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 43,885	$ 27,830	$ 104,315	$ 62,314
U.S Government Contracts
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	35,641	15,825	86,480	41,581
U.S Government Contracts | Fixed Price
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	33,247	13,505	80,723	34,173
U.S Government Contracts | Cost-plus fee and other
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,394	2,320	5,757	7,408
Foreign Government Contracts | Fixed Price
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	1,938	1,420	5,017	3,031
Commercial Contracts
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	6,306	10,585	12,818	17,702
Commercial Contracts | Fixed Price | United States
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	140	8,323	2,175	14,400
Commercial Contracts | Fixed Price | International
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	730	2,262	3,932	3,302
Commercial Contracts | Cost-plus fee and other | United States
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	32		83
Commercial Contracts | Cost-plus fee and other | International
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	5,404		6,628
Mission Support
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	42,359	25,554	100,495	57,945
Launch Support
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	215	826	1,244	1,422
Operations
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	291	865	660	1,598
Studies Design And Other
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 1,020	$ 585	$ 1,916	$ 1,349

XML

Revenue and Receivables - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($) Satellite	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivablesLineItems [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining performance obligation, Amount		$ 2,600,000,000		$ 2,600,000,000
Recognized revenue				26,100,000	$ 17,100,000
Impairments on contract with customer assets		0	$ 0	0	0
Accounts receivable net, Current		15,298,000		15,298,000		$ 4,754,000
Increase (decrease) in cost of sales related to reserve for anticipated losses on contracts		200,000	$ 100,000	(1,800,000)	$ 600,000
Rivada Space Networks
RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivablesLineItems [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining performance obligation, Amount		2,400,000,000		2,400,000,000
Recognized revenue		5,400,000		6,600,000
Number of Satellites | Satellite	300
Purchase Price	$ 2,400,000,000
Number of Satellites Purchased | Satellite	300
U.S. Government | Government customers | Government Contract
RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivablesLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable net, Current		4,400,000		4,400,000		1,100,000
Contract asset		$ 1,600,000		$ 1,600,000		$ 5,300,000

XML

Revenue and Receivables - Additional Information (Details 1) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total remaining performance obligations	$ 2,600
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total remaining performance obligations	$ 187

XML

Revenue and Receivables - Summary of Contract Assets Net, Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAndReceivables [Abstract]
Contract assets, gross	$ 4,806	$ 6,840
Allowance for credit losses	(58)	(77)
Contract asset, net	$ 4,748	$ 6,763

XML

Revenue and Receivables - Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 764	$ 945
Adoption of CECL		39
Provision for credit losses	194	40
Write-offs	(700)	(790)
Ending balance	$ 258	$ 234

XML

Inventory - Components of Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 18,363	$ 19,194
Work-in-process	15,682	4,939
Total inventory	$ 34,045	$ 24,133

XML

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net - Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Assets (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Machinery and Equipment | Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Machinery and Equipment | Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	7 years
Satellites | Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Satellites | Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Ground Station Equipment | Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Ground Station Equipment | Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	7 years
Office Equipment and Furniture | Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Office Equipment and Furniture | Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	7 years
Computer Equipment and Software | Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Computer Equipment and Software | Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property Plant And Equipment Useful Life Description	Shorter of the estimated useful life or remaining lease term

XML

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 2,300,000	$ 900,000	$ 5,000,000	$ 2,600,000
Impairment of property, plant and equipment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property, Plant, and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 67,543	$ 39,618
Accumulated depreciation	(20,453)	(14,875)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	47,090	24,743
Machinery and Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	25,296	13,066
Satellites
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	2,209	2,209
Ground Station Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	2,095	1,944
Office Equipment and Furniture
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	4,544	2,958
Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	1,174	240
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	20,796	9,734
Construction-in-Process
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 11,429	$ 9,467

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Debt - Summary of Long-term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance leases	[1]	$ 5,437	$ 411
Unamortized deferred issuance costs		(2,785)	(3,073)
Unamortized discount on debt		(134,312)	(148,801)
Total debt		175,889	150,359
Current portion of long-term debt		11,632	7,739
Long-term debt		$ 164,257	142,620
PIPE Investment Obligation
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issued		March 2022
Maturity		December 2025
Convertible Debt		$ 18,750	22,500
Equipment Financings
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	[2]	$ 2,067	859
Equipment Financings | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate		6.25%
Equipment Financings | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate		20.05%
Convertible Notes due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issued		October 2022
Maturity		October 2027
Interest Rate		10.00%
Interest Payable		Quarterly
Long-term debt, gross		$ 109,491	101,699
Lockheed Martin Rollover Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issued		March 2021
Maturity		April 2026
Interest Rate		9.25%
Interest Payable		Quarterly
Long-term debt, gross		$ 25,000	25,000
Beach Point Rollover Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issued		March 2021
Maturity		April 2026
Interest Rate		11.25%
Interest Payable		Quarterly
Long-term debt, gross		$ 32,218	31,741
Francisco Partners Note Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issued		November 2021
Maturity		April 2026
Interest Rate		9.25%
Interest Payable		Quarterly
Long-term debt, gross		$ 120,023	$ 120,023

[1] Refer to Note 14 “Leases” for further discussion.

[2] Consists of equipment financing debt agreements, primarily entered into during 2023, with maturities through September 2030, annual interest rates ranging from 6.25% to 20.05%, and requiring monthly payments of interest and principal.

XML

Debt - Summary of Long-term debt (Parenthetical) (Details) - Equipment Financings	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument maturity period	2030-09
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	6.25%
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest Rate	20.05%

XML

Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment related to PIPE Investment Obligation		$ 6,319	$ 30,958
Subsequent Event | PIPE Investment Obligation
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment related to PIPE Investment Obligation	$ 1,875

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Warrants And Derivatives - Schedule of Fair Value of Liability-Classified Warrants and Derivatives Recorded in Warrant Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	82,626,518
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 32,416	$ 39,950
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Warrant And Derivative Liabilities	Warrant And Derivative Liabilities
Public Warrants
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	19,221,960
Issuance	2021-03
Maturity	2027-03
Exercise Price	$ 11.5
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 2,883	$ 1,922
Private Placement Warrants
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	78,000
Issuance	2021-03
Maturity	2027-03
Exercise Price	$ 11.5
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 12	8
FP Combination Warrants
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	8,291,704
Issuance	2022-03
Maturity	2027-03
Exercise Price	$ 10
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 20,481	18,573
2027 Warrants
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	17,253,279
Issuance	2022-10
Maturity	2027-10
Exercise Price	$ 2.898
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 6,736	13,707
Conversion Option Derivative
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	37,781,575
Issuance	2022-10
Maturity	2027-10
Exercise Price	$ 2.898
Fair value, Warrant and derivatives noncurrent	$ 2,304	$ 5,740

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Warrants and Derivatives - Schedule of Liability-Classified Warrants and Derivatives (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 74,149
Initial recognition from Tailwind Two Merger	13,124
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities	$ (2,325)
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Change in Fair Value of Warrants and Derivative Liabilities
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified	$ (11,007)
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock	(7,616)
Issuance of contingently issuable shares	(44,887)
Ending balance	21,438
Current Warrant and Derivative Liabilities
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Beginning balance	68,518
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities	13,342
Reclassification of current warrant and derivative liabilities to warrant and derivative liabilities	(25,966)
Reclassification of liability-classified warrants and derivatives to equity-classified	(11,007)
Issuance of contingently issuable shares	(44,887)
Warrant and Derivative Liabilities
Class Of Warrant Or Right [Line Items]
Beginning balance	5,631
Initial recognition from Tailwind Two Merger	13,124
Change in fair value of warrant and derivative liabilities	(15,667)
Reclassification of current warrant and derivative liabilities to warrant and derivative liabilities	25,966
Net settlement of liability-classified warrants into common stock	(7,616)
Ending balance	$ 21,438

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Warrants and Derivatives - Schedule of Equity-Classified Warrants and Derivatives (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	70,168,907
Combination Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	2,763,902	2,763,902
Issuance	March 2022
Maturity	March 2027
Exercise Price	$ 10
RDO Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	29,000,000
Issuance	May 2023
Maturity	November 2028
Exercise Price	$ 1.43
Placement Agent Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	2,030,000
Issuance	May 2023
Maturity	May 2028
Exercise Price	$ 1.6
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	11,535,715
Issuance	September 2023
Exercise Price	$ 0.0001
CMPO Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	23,214,290
Issuance	September 2023
Maturity	September 2028
Exercise Price	$ 1.5
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of Issuable Shares	1,625,000
Issuance	September 2023
Maturity	September 2028
Exercise Price	$ 1.75

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Warrants and Derivatives - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 21, 2023	May 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Changes in warrants and derivatives			$ 0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			22,172	$ 14,791
Proceeds from warrants and derivatives			$ 47,445	42,247
Warrants to purchase common stock			82,626,518
Third party issuance costs			$ 5,308	$ 45,746
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale and issuance of equity		$ 37,100
Fair value of warrants		1,500
Third party issuance costs		4,500
Registered Direct Offering | Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 12,200
Issuance and sale of stock		16,000,000
Third party issuance costs		$ 1,500
Registered Direct Offering | Equity-classified Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from warrants and derivatives		24,900
Third party issuance costs		$ 3,000
Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale and issuance of equity	$ 32,500
Fair value of warrants	1,100
Third party issuance costs	4,000
Confidentially Marketed Public Offering | Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 10,000
Issuance and sale of stock	11,700,000
Third party issuance costs	$ 1,200
Confidentially Marketed Public Offering | Equity-classified Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from warrants and derivatives	22,500
Third party issuance costs	$ 2,800
Pre-Funded Warrants | Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock		13,000,000
Warrants exercise price per share		$ 0.0001
RDO Warrants | Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock		29,000,000
Warrants exercise price per share		$ 1.43
Placement Agent Warrants | Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock		2,000,000
Warrants exercise price per share		$ 1.6
CMPO Pre-Funded Warrants | Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock	11,500,000
Warrants exercise price per share	$ 0.0001
CMPO Warrants | Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock	23,200,000
Warrants exercise price per share	$ 1.5
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants | Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,600,000
Warrants exercise price per share	$ 1.75

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of Net Carrying Amount and Estimated Fair Value of Long-Term Debt Instruments (Details) - Long-term Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Balance Sheet Grouping Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	$ 170,452	$ 149,948
Fair Value	$ 276,376	$ 257,810

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Shareholders' Deficit - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 21, 2023	May 30, 2023	Jul. 05, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	May 15, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized				600,000,000		600,000,000		300,000,000	600,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value				$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Voting rights						Each share of common stock entitles the shareholder to one vote. In May 2023, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 600,000,000.
Common stock, shares issued				187,817,268		187,817,268		142,503,771
Proceeds from issuance of common stock						$ 22,172	$ 14,791
Payments of stock issuance costs						$ 5,308	45,746
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under committed equity facility							$ 1,795
Preferred stock, shares authorized				50,000,000		50,000,000		50,000,000
Preferred stock, par value				$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued				0		0		0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding				0		0		0
PIPE investment
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock, shares issued					5,100,000		5,100,000
Maximum
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized				300,000,000		300,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized				50,000,000		50,000,000
Tailwind Two Merger
Equity [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock							11,000,000
Common stock, shares issued					4,300,000		4,300,000
Tailwind Two Merger | PIPE investment
Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock							$ 58,400
Aggregate third-party issuance costs							48,400
Fair value of warrants							13,100
Committed Equity Facility
Equity [Line Items]
Third-party related costs					$ 380		773
Committed Equity Facility | Maximum
Equity [Line Items]
Shares of common stock to be issued				27,077,304		27,077,304		27,077,304
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under committed equity facility						$ 98,200		$ 98,200
Committed Equity Facility | B. Riley
Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under committed equity facility							$ 1,800
Registered Direct Offering
Equity [Line Items]
Payments of stock issuance costs		$ 4,500
Fair value of warrants		1,500
Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Equity [Line Items]
Payments of stock issuance costs	$ 4,000
Fair value of warrants	1,100
Common Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion of stock							10,947,686
Common Stock | Committed Equity Facility | Institutional Investor
Equity [Line Items]
Newly issued shares of common stock			27,500,000
Discount rate for common stock shares issued						3.00%
Common Stock | Committed Equity Facility | Institutional Investor | Maximum
Equity [Line Items]
Newly issued shares of common stock			100,000,000
Common Stock | Committed Equity Facility | B. Riley
Equity [Line Items]
Issuance and sale of stock			214,791	0	637,487	0	637,487
Other expense							$ 1,000
Common Stock | Registered Direct Offering
Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		12,200
Payments of stock issuance costs		$ 1,500
Issuance and sale of stock		16,000,000
Common Stock | Confidentially Marketed Public Offering
Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	10,000
Payments of stock issuance costs	$ 1,200
Issuance and sale of stock	11,700,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion of stock						10,900,000

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Share-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense		$ 3.8	$ 9.2		$ 17.5	$ 40.4
Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted					8,600
Weighted-average grant date fair value					$ 1.57
Restricted Stock Units | Subsequent Event
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted	550
Restricted Stock Units | Half of RSUs | Subsequent Event
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Units | Tailwind Two Merger
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense				$ 17.2
Restricted Stock Units | Cost of Sales
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense				2.1
Restricted Stock Units | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense				$ 15.1

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Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Securities that Could Potentially be Dilutive in Future (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	70,168,907
Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	1,047,327	1,806,287
Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	22,538,032	15,172,238
FP Combination Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	8,291,704	8,291,704
Combination Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	2,763,902	2,763,902
Public Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	19,221,960	11,499,960
Private Placement Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	78,000	7,800,000
2027 Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	17,253,279
RDO Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	29,000,000
Placement Agent Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	2,030,000
CMPO Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	23,214,290
CMPO Placement Agent Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	1,625,000
PIPE Investment Obligation
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	13,554,217	12,711,864
Conversion Option Derivative
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share	37,781,575

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Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Computations of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (26,429)	$ (27,355)	$ (109,004)	$ (131,001)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic	178,624,492	143,276,708	159,856,355	123,317,997
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted	178,624,492	143,276,708	159,856,355	123,317,997
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.68)	$ (1.06)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.68)	$ (1.06)

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Provision for income taxes	$ 22	$ 54	$ 23	$ 58
Effective tax rate	0.10%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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Commitment and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commercial agreement to purchase	$ 20.0
Purchase obligations outstanding		$ 12.9
Purchase obligation	$ 22.4
Purchase obligation remained outstanding		$ 3.2

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Related Party Transaction - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties		$ 0	$ 190,000	$ 0	$ 1,600,000
Revenue, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]		Related Party [Member]	Related Party [Member]	Related Party [Member]	Related Party [Member]
Contract assets		$ 4,748,000		$ 4,748,000		$ 6,763,000
Contract liabilities		13,439,000		13,439,000		27,228,000
Minimum lease payments under the lease				5,554,000	$ 2,610,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock				22,172,000	14,791,000
PIPE Investment Obligation
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock						30,000,000
PIPE Investment Obligation | Proceeds From Debt
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from Debt, Net of Issuance Costs						13,000,000
PIPE Investment Obligation | Proceeds from PIPE Investment
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock						17,000,000
2022 Strategic Cooperation Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Strategic cooperation agreement term	13 years
Strategic cooperation agreement terminated period	2035
GeoOptics, Inc
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Equity method Investment amount		$ 1,700,000		$ 1,700,000		$ 1,700,000
GeoOptics, Inc | Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Equity method investment ownership interest		3.00%		3.00%		3.00%
Lockheed Martin
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties		$ 34,900,000	$ 21,400,000	$ 82,300,000	46,500,000
Accounts receivables due from related parties		3,700,000		3,700,000		$ 700,000
Contract assets		2,000,000		2,000,000		4,100,000
Contract liabilities		$ 2,700,000		$ 2,700,000		$ 22,500,000
Related party transaction percentage of remaining performance obligations		3.00%		3.00%		81.00%
Related party expense				$ 3,600,000
Chairman And CEO | New Lease for Office Space
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Lease term commence date				Apr. 01, 2021
Lease expiration date				Mar. 31, 2026
Minimum lease payments under the lease		$ 61,000	$ 59,000	$ 180,000	$ 175,000
One time right to extend the lease term for additional period				5 years
Subscription Agreement | Affiliate of Daniel Staton
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due to affiliate quarterly fee amount						$ 1,875,000

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Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Lease terms and extending maturities	2032
Total finance leases	$ 1.7
Operating lease term of contract		124 months
Minimum lease payments under the lease		$ 34.5

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Leases - Schedule of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Related to Operating and Finance Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets and Liabilities, Lessee [Abstract]
Operating, Right-of-use assets	$ 12,300	$ 12,736
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Assets, Noncurrent	Other Assets, Noncurrent
Finance, Right-of-use assets	$ 6,483	$ 420
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Total right-of-use assets	$ 18,783	$ 13,156
Operating, Lease liabilities	$ 1,342	$ 971
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Accrued Liabilities, Current	Other Accrued Liabilities, Current
Finance, Lease liabilities	$ 1,874	$ 90
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt, Current Maturities	Long-Term Debt, Current Maturities
Operating, Non-current liabilities	$ 18,396	$ 19,426
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Finance, Non-current liabilities	$ 3,563	$ 321
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-Term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities	Long-Term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities
Total lease liabilities	$ 25,175	$ 20,808

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Leases - Schedule of Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 1,785	$ 1,824	$ 5,334	$ 4,934
Finance lease cost, Amortization of right-of-use assets	592	19	858	26
Finance lease cost, Interest on lease liabilities	165	5	231	9
Variable lease costs	757	196	1,195	670
Total lease cost	$ 3,299	$ 2,044	$ 7,618	$ 5,639

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Leases - Schedule of Cash Flows and Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 5,554	$ 2,610
Operating cash flows from finance leases	231	9
Financing cash flows from finance leases	621	22
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	299	10,544
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities	$ 5,736	$ 402