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Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses [Abstract]

Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables provide a summary of loans outstanding, current, accruing past due, and non-accrual loans separately reported by originated (loans originated, renewed, refinanced, modified, or otherwise underwritten by Synovus) and acquired loans from business combinations by portfolio class as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in this Report for more information on Synovus' accounting for purchased loans.



	December 31,
	2019								2018
(in thousands)	Total Loans			Total Originated Loans			Total Acquired Loans⁽¹⁾		Total Loans
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	10,252,859		$	8,587,087		$	1,665,772	$	7,449,698
Owner-occupied	6,529,811			5,610,592			919,219		5,331,508
Total commercial and industrial	16,782,670			14,197,679			2,584,991		12,781,206
Investment properties	9,042,679			6,495,903			2,546,776		5,560,951
1-4 family properties	780,015			627,182			152,833		679,870
Land and development	657,790			461,691			196,099		323,670
Total commercial real estate	10,480,484			7,584,776			2,895,708		6,564,491
Consumer mortgages	5,546,368			3,629,633			1,916,735		2,934,235
Home equity lines	1,713,157			1,655,096			58,061		1,515,796
Credit cards	268,841			268,841			—		258,245
Other consumer loans	2,396,294			2,387,749			8,545		1,916,743
Total consumer	9,924,660			7,941,319			1,983,341		6,625,019
Total loans	37,187,814			29,723,774			7,464,040		25,970,716
Deferred fees and costs, net	(25,364		)	(25,364		)	—		(24,143		)
Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs	$	37,162,450		$	29,698,410		$	7,464,040	$	25,946,573


⁽¹⁾	Represents $9.29 billion (at fair value) of loans acquired from FCB, net of paydowns and payoffs including maturities since Acquisition Date.



Current, Accruing Past Due, and Non-accrual Originated Loans
	December 31, 2019
( in thousands)	Current		Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due		Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due		Non-accrual		Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	8,511,218	$	20,180	$	1,206	$	21,386	$	54,483	$	8,587,087
Owner-occupied	5,595,072		5,164		576		5,740		9,780		5,610,592
Total commercial and industrial	14,106,290		25,344		1,782		27,126		64,263		14,197,679
Investment properties	6,492,978		1,344		—		1,344		1,581		6,495,903
1-4 family properties	622,552		2,073		304		2,377		2,253		627,182
Land and development	459,773		808		—		808		1,110		461,691
Total commercial real estate	7,575,303		4,225		304		4,529		4,944		7,584,776
Consumer mortgages	3,613,311		4,223		730		4,953		11,369		3,629,633
Home equity lines	1,636,786		6,105		171		6,276		12,034		1,655,096
Credit cards	263,065		3,076		2,700		5,776		—		268,841
Other consumer loans	2,362,741		18,688		616		19,304		5,704		2,387,749
Total consumer	7,875,903		32,092		4,217		36,309		29,107		7,941,319
Total loans	$	29,557,496	$	61,661	$	6,303	$	67,964	$	98,314	$	29,723,774	⁽¹⁾



Current, Accruing Past Due, and Non-accrual Acquired Loans
	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Current		Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due		Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due		Non-accrual		ASC 310-30 Loans⁽²⁾		Discount/Premium			Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	623,539	$	18,736	$	—	$	18,736	$	1,534	$	1,029,125	$	(7,162	)	$	1,665,772
Owner-occupied	96,513		—		—		—		—		828,483		(5,777		)	919,219
Total commercial and industrial	720,052		18,736		—		18,736		1,534		1,857,608		(12,939		)	2,584,991
Investment properties	810,713		—		—		—		—		1,750,706		(14,643		)	2,546,776
1-4 family properties	111,374		—		—		—		—		41,671		(212		)	152,833
Land and development	119,948		—		—		—		—		78,203		(2,052		)	196,099
Total commercial real estate	1,042,035		—		—		—		—		1,870,580		(16,907		)	2,895,708
Consumer mortgages	69,847		—		—		—		—		1,908,168		(61,280		)	1,916,735
Home equity lines	58,211		933		—		933		—		2,306		(3,389		)	58,061
Other consumer loans	355		—		—		—		—		8,941		(751		)	8,545
Total consumer	128,413		933		—		933		—		1,919,415		(65,420		)	1,983,341
Total loans	$	1,890,500	$	19,669	$	—	$	19,669	$	1,534	$	5,647,603	$	(95,266	)	$	7,464,040	⁽³⁾



Current, Accruing Past Due, and Non-accrual Loans
	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Current		Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due		Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due		Non-accrual		Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	7,372,301	$	7,988	$	114	$	8,102	$	69,295	$	7,449,698
Owner-occupied	5,317,023		5,433		81		5,514		8,971		5,331,508
Total commercial and industrial	12,689,324		13,421		195		13,616		78,266		12,781,206
Investment properties	5,557,224		1,312		34		1,346		2,381		5,560,951
1-4 family properties	674,648		2,745		96		2,841		2,381		679,870
Land and development	319,978		739		—		739		2,953		323,670
Total commercial real estate	6,551,850		4,796		130		4,926		7,715		6,564,491
Consumer mortgages	2,922,136		7,150		—		7,150		4,949		2,934,235
Home equity lines	1,496,562		7,092		28		7,120		12,114		1,515,796
Credit cards	252,832		3,066		2,347		5,413		—		258,245
Other consumer loans	1,894,352		17,604		1,098		18,702		3,689		1,916,743
Total consumer	6,565,882		34,912		3,473		38,385		20,752		6,625,019
Total loans	$	25,807,056	$	53,129	$	3,798	$	56,927	$	106,733	$	25,970,716	⁽⁴⁾


⁽¹⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.4 million.


⁽²⁾	Acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 include $1.8 million in non-accruing loans, $9.6 million in accruing 90 days or greater past due loans, and $42.5 million in accruing 30-89 days past due loans.


⁽³⁾	Represents $9.29 billion (at fair value) of loans acquired from FCB, net of paydowns and payoffs including maturities since Acquisition Date.


⁽⁴⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $24.1 million.

Interest income recorded on non-accrual loans outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.3 million and $3.2 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest income that would have been recorded on these non-accrual loans if the loans were performing in accordance with their contractual terms was $5.6 million and $7.3 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively.

During 2019 and 2018, Synovus purchased $668.0 million and $265.9 million, respectively, in other consumer loans.

Loans with carrying values of $12.11 billion and $8.40 billion were pledged as collateral for borrowings and capacity at December 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively, to the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank.

The credit quality of the loan portfolio is monitored on an ongoing basis and updated as warranted using the standard asset classification system utilized by the federal banking agencies. These classifications are divided into three groups – Not Classified (Pass), Special Mention, and Classified or Adverse rating (Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss) and are defined as follows:

Pass - loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell in a timely manner, of any underlying collateral.

Special Mention - loans which have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.

Substandard - loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans with this classification are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values.

Loss - loans which are considered by management to be uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance on the institution's books as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted. Synovus fully reserves for any loans rated as Loss.

In the following tables, consumer loans are generally assigned a risk grade similar to the classifications described above; however, upon reaching 90 days and 120 days past due, they are generally downgraded to Substandard and Loss, respectively, in accordance with the FFIEC Retail Credit Classification Policy. Additionally, in accordance with Interagency Supervisory Guidance, the risk grade classifications of consumer loans (consumer mortgages and HELOCs) secured by junior liens on 1-4 family residential properties also consider available information on the payment status of the associated senior lien with other financial institutions.



Originated Loan Portfolio Credit Exposure by Risk Grade
	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard⁽¹⁾		Doubtful⁽²⁾		Loss⁽³⁾			Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	8,335,964	$	82,519	$	167,441	$	1,163	$	—		$	8,587,087
Owner-occupied	5,507,345		21,588		81,659		—		—			5,610,592
Total commercial and industrial	13,843,309		104,107		249,100		1,163		—			14,197,679
Investment properties	6,449,797		13,918		32,188		—		—			6,495,903
1-4 family properties	614,015		3,249		9,918		—		—			627,182
Land and development	439,956		11,939		9,796		—		—			461,691
Total commercial real estate	7,503,768		29,106		51,902		—		—			7,584,776
Consumer mortgages	3,617,284		—		12,103		97		149			3,629,633
Home equity lines	1,639,072		—		14,759		21		1,244			1,655,096
Credit cards	266,146		—		818		—		1,877		⁽⁴⁾	268,841
Other consumer loans	2,381,654		—		6,095		—		—			2,387,749
Total consumer	7,904,156		—		33,775		118		3,270			7,941,319
Total loans	$	29,251,233	$	133,213	$	334,777	$	1,281	$	3,270		$	29,723,774	⁽⁵⁾



Acquired Loan Portfolio Credit Exposure by Risk Grade
	December 31, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard⁽¹⁾		Doubtful		Loss			Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	1,604,395	$	45,987	$	15,390	$	—	$	—		$	1,665,772
Owner-occupied	878,710		36,742		3,767		—		—			919,219
Total commercial and industrial	2,483,105		82,729		19,157		—		—			2,584,991
Investment properties	2,518,915		2,572		25,289		—		—			2,546,776
1-4 family properties	152,514		—		319		—		—			152,833
Land and development	189,395		6,704		—		—		—			196,099
Total commercial real estate	2,860,824		9,276		25,608		—		—			2,895,708
Consumer mortgages	1,910,462		—		6,273		—		—			1,916,735
Home equity lines	58,014		—		47		—		—			58,061
Other consumer loans	8,545		—		—		—		—			8,545
Total consumer	1,977,021		—		6,320		—		—			1,983,341
Total loans	$	7,320,950	$	92,005	$	51,085	$	—	$	—		$	7,464,040	⁽⁶⁾


Loan Portfolio Credit Exposure by Risk Grade
	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard⁽¹⁾		Doubtful⁽²⁾		Loss⁽³⁾			Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	7,190,517	$	118,188	$	140,218	$	775	$	—		$	7,449,698
Owner-occupied	5,212,473		55,038		63,572		425		—			5,331,508
Total commercial and industrial	12,402,990		173,226		203,790		1,200		—			12,781,206
Investment properties	5,497,344		40,516		23,091		—		—			5,560,951
1-4 family properties	663,692		6,424		9,754		—		—			679,870
Land and development	297,855		12,786		13,029		—		—			323,670
Total commercial real estate	6,458,891		59,726		45,874		—		—			6,564,491
Consumer mortgages	2,926,712		—		7,425		98		—			2,934,235
Home equity lines	1,501,316		—		13,130		174		1,176			1,515,796
Credit cards	255,904		—		858		—		1,483		⁽⁴⁾	258,245
Other consumer loans	1,912,902		—		3,841		—		—			1,916,743
Total consumer	6,596,834		—		25,254		272		2,659			6,625,019
Total loans	$	25,458,715	$	232,952	$	274,918	$	1,472	$	2,659		$	25,970,716	⁽⁷⁾

⁽¹⁾Includes $288.8 million and $172.3 million of Substandard accruing loans at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


⁽²⁾	The loans within this risk grade are on non-accrual status and generally have an ALL equal to 50% of the loan amount.


⁽³⁾	The loans within this risk grade are on non-accrual status and have an ALL equal to the full loan amount.


⁽⁴⁾	Represent amounts that were 120 days past due. These credits are downgraded to the Loss category with an ALL equal to the full loan amount and are generally charged off upon reaching 181 days past due in accordance with the FFIEC Retail Credit Classification Policy.


⁽⁵⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.4 million.


⁽⁶⁾	Represents $9.29 billion (at fair value) of loans acquired from FCB, net of paydowns and payoffs including maturities since Acquisition Date.


⁽⁷⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $24.1 million.

Acquired loans

As discussed in "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2 - Acquisitions" in this Report, on January 1, 2019, Synovus acquired loans from FCB with fair values of $9.29 billion net of total discount of $169.2 million.

At the Acquisition Date, the contractual required payments receivable on the purchased loans accounted for under ASC 310-20 totaled $2.45 billion, with a corresponding fair value of $2.15 billion. The estimated cash flows not expected to be collected at the Acquisition Date were $39.5 million.

Information about the acquired FCB loan portfolio accounted for under ASC 310-30 as of the Acquisition Date is in the following table.



(in thousands)	ASC 310-30 Loans
Contractually required principal and interest at acquisition	$	8,377,942
Non-accretable difference (expected losses and foregone interest)	(163,147		)
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition	8,214,795
Accretable yield	(1,066,689		)
Basis in ASC 310-30 loans at acquisition	$	7,148,106

The following table is a summary of changes in the accretable yield for all loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 for the year ended December 31, 2019.



(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	—
Additions	1,066,689
Transfers from non-accretable difference to accretable yield⁽¹⁾	28,001
Accretion	(346,820		)
Changes in expected cash flows not affecting non-accretable differences⁽²⁾	(10,739		)
Ending balance	$	737,131

⁽¹⁾Represents improvement in the credit component of expected cash flows.

⁽²⁾Includes changes in cash flows expected to be collected due to the impact of changes in actual or expected timing of liquidation events, modifications, interest rates, and prepayments.

The following tables detail the changes in the ALL by loan category for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.



Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans	As Of and For The Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Commercial & Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	$	133,123		$	68,796		$	48,636		$	250,555
Charge-offs	(49,572		)	(5,540		)	(24,023		)	(79,135		)
Recoveries	7,827			8,618			5,078			21,523
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	53,665			(4,444		)	38,499			87,720
Transfer of unfunded commitment reserve	739			—			—			739
Ending balance	$	145,782		$	67,430		$	68,190		$	281,402
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	12,326		$	1,047		$	777		$	14,150
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	132,871		$	66,383		$	67,290		$	266,544
Ending balance: allowance for acquired loans accounted under ASC 310-30	$	585		$	—		123			$	708
Loans
Ending balance: total loans⁽¹⁾	$	16,782,670		$	10,480,484		$	9,924,660		$	37,187,814
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	128,385		$	24,862		$	31,837		$	185,084
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment⁽²⁾	$	14,811,954		$	8,599,452		$	8,033,990		$	31,445,396
Ending balance: acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30⁽³⁾	$	1,842,331		$	1,856,170		$	1,858,833		$	5,557,334



	As Of and For The Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Commercial & Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	$	126,803		$	74,998		$	47,467		$	249,268
Charge-offs	(48,775		)	(4,408		)	(20,871		)	(74,054		)
Recoveries	7,165			10,188			6,291			23,644
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	47,930			(11,982		)	15,749			51,697
Ending balance⁽⁴⁾	$	133,123		$	68,796		$	48,636		$	250,555
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	10,207		$	2,598		$	744		$	13,549
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	122,916		$	66,198		$	47,892		$	237,006
Loans
Ending balance: total loans⁽⁴⁾⁽⁵⁾	$	12,781,206		$	6,564,491		$	6,625,019		$	25,970,716
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	105,422		$	33,198		$	28,306		$	166,926
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	12,675,784		$	6,531,293		$	6,596,713		$	25,803,790

	As Of and For The Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Commercial & Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	$	125,778		$	81,816		$	44,164		$	251,758
Charge-offs	(49,244		)	(12,193		)	(28,982		)	(90,419		)
Recoveries	6,685			8,026			6,033			20,744
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	43,584			(2,651		)	26,252			67,185
Ending balance⁽⁴⁾	$	126,803		$	74,998		$	47,467		$	249,268
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	9,515		$	4,240		$	1,153		$	14,908
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	117,288		$	70,758		$	46,314		$	234,360
Loans
Ending balance: total loans⁽⁴⁾⁽⁶⁾	$	12,023,650		$	6,935,288		$	5,853,857		$	24,812,795
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	111,334		$	56,896		$	32,056		$	200,286
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	11,912,316		$	6,878,392		$	5,821,801		$	24,612,509


⁽¹⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.4 million.


⁽²⁾	These loans are presented net of remaining fair value discount of $5.0 million at December 31, 2019.


⁽³⁾	These loans are presented net of remaining fair value discount of $90.3 million at December 31, 2019.


⁽⁴⁾	As of and for the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, there were no PCI loans and no ALL for PCI loans.


⁽⁵⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $24.1 million.


⁽⁶⁾	Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.3 million.

Below is a detailed summary of impaired loans (including accruing TDRs and excluding acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 that are currently accruing income) by class as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. At December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, impaired loans of $51.9 million, $51.3 million, and $49.0 million, respectively, were on non-accrual status.



Impaired Loans (including accruing TDRs)
	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
			Recorded Investment								Recorded Investment
(in thousands)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Without an ALL		With an ALL		Related Allowance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Without an ALL		With an ALL		Related Allowance
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	$	88,321	$	21,774	$	56,660	$	9,268	$	65,150	$	22,298	$	34,222	$	7,133
Owner-occupied	50,136		1,169		48,782		3,058		49,588		—		48,902		3,074
Total commercial and industrial	138,457		22,943		105,442		12,326		114,738		22,298		83,124		10,207
Investment properties	9,552		—		9,552		422		13,916		—		13,916		1,523
1-4 family properties	4,727		—		4,669		130		5,586		—		5,586		131
Land and development	11,545		265		10,376		495		16,283		265		13,431		944
Total commercial real estate	25,824		265		24,597		1,047		35,785		265		32,933		2,598
Consumer mortgages	18,624		—		18,624		383		19,506		—		19,506		343
Home equity lines	6,092		—		6,092		178		3,264		—		3,235		224
Other consumer loans	6,864		257		6,864		216		5,565		—		5,565		177
Total consumer	31,580		257		31,580		777		28,335		—		28,306		744
Total impaired loans	$	195,861	$	23,465	$	161,619	$	14,150	$	178,858	$	22,563	$	144,363	$	13,549



	Years Ended December 31,
	2019				2018				2017
(in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized⁽¹⁾		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized⁽¹⁾		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized⁽¹⁾
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	81,960	$	2,962	$	65,976	$	2,316	$	72,154	$	2,127
Owner-occupied	50,085		2,209		42,341		1,851		40,498		1,509
Total commercial and industrial	132,045		5,171		108,317		4,167		112,652		3,636
Investment properties	12,561		565		18,564		767		28,749		1,178
1-4 family properties	5,125		525		9,813		782		16,099		1,021
Land and development	11,137		139		16,841		249		24,637		404
Total commercial real estate	28,823		1,229		45,218		1,798		69,485		2,603
Consumer mortgages	19,292		843		19,516		134		18,319		376
Home equity lines	4,954		136		3,491		820		7,748		896
Other consumer loans	6,129		373		5,327		297		4,765		266
Total consumer	30,375		1,352		28,334		1,251		30,832		1,538
Total impaired loans	$	191,243	$	7,752	$	181,869	$	7,216	$	212,969	$	7,777


⁽¹⁾	Of the interest income recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, cash-basis interest income was $2.1 million, $1.8 million, and $815 thousand, respectively.

Information about Synovus' TDRs is presented in the following tables. Modifications of loans that are accounted for within a pool under ASC 310-30 are excluded as TDRs. Accordingly, such modifications do not result in the removal of those loans from the pool, even if the modification of these loans would otherwise be considered a TDR. As a result, all such acquired loans that would otherwise meet the criteria for classification as a TDR are excluded from the tables below. The following tables represent, by concession type, the post-modification balance for loans modified or renewed during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 that were reported as accruing or non-accruing TDRs.



TDRs by Concession Type
	Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Below Market Interest Rate		Other Concessions⁽¹⁾		Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	127	$	9,042	$	9,873	$	18,915
Owner-occupied	22	9,017		861		9,878
Total commercial and industrial	149	18,059		10,734		28,793
Investment properties	8	1,548		—		1,548
1-4 family properties	18	2,182		643		2,825
Land and development	8	1,187		30		1,217
Total commercial real estate	34	4,917		673		5,590
Consumer mortgages	18	1,587		1,361		2,948
Home equity lines	70	3,024		2,522		5,546
Other consumer loans	109	1,712		5,270		6,982
Total consumer	197	6,323		9,153		15,476
Total loans	380	$	29,299	$	20,560	$	49,859	⁽²⁾



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Below Market Interest Rate		Other Concessions⁽¹⁾		Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	46	$	3,807	$	3,957	$	7,764
Owner-occupied	16	7,589		5,705		13,294
Total commercial and industrial	62	11,396		9,662		21,058
Investment properties	10	8,070		2,215		10,285
1-4 family properties	25	2,481		2,014		4,495
Land and development	5	122		1,856		1,978
Total commercial real estate	40	10,673		6,085		16,758
Consumer mortgages	19	5,590		93		5,683
Home equity lines	4	172		339		511
Other consumer loans	92	1,834		3,983		5,817
Total consumer	115	7,596		4,415		12,011
Total loans	217	$	29,665	$	20,162	$	49,827	⁽³⁾



TDRs by Concession Type (continued)
	Year Ended December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Below Market Interest Rate		Other Concessions⁽¹⁾		Total
Commercial, financial, and agricultural	56	$	9,434	$	12,145	$	21,579
Owner-occupied	4	35		1,705		1,740
Total commercial and industrial	60	9,469		13,850		23,319
Investment properties	1	—		121		121
1-4 family properties	35	2,786		2,040		4,826
Land and development	6	157		1,614		1,771
Total commercial real estate	42	2,943		3,775		6,718
Consumer mortgages	11	2,539		1,190		3,729
Other consumer loans	38	1,624		1,333		2,957
Total consumer	49	4,163		2,523		6,686
Total loans	151	$	16,575	$	20,148	$	36,723	⁽⁴⁾


⁽¹⁾	Other concessions generally include term extensions, interest only payments for a period of time, or principal forgiveness, but there was no principal forgiveness for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.


⁽²⁾	No charge-offs were recorded during 2019 upon restructuring of these loans.


⁽³⁾	Net charge-offs of $403 thousand were recorded during 2018 upon restructuring of these loans.


⁽⁴⁾	No charge-offs were recorded during 2017 upon restructuring of these loans.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, there were four defaults with a recorded investment of $326 thousand, eight defaults with a recorded investment of $10.5 million, and eight defaults with a recorded investment of $4.0 million, respectively, on accruing TDRs restructured during the previous twelve months (defaults are defined as the earlier of the TDR being placed on non-accrual status or reaching 90 days past due with respect to principal and/or interest payments).

If at the time that a loan was designated as a TDR the loan was not already impaired, the measurement of impairment resulting from the TDR designation closely approximates the reserve derived through specific measurement of impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10-35. Generally, the change in the ALL resulting from such a TDR is not significant. At December 31, 2019, the ALL allocated to accruing TDRs totaling $133.1 million was $6.4 million compared to accruing TDRs of $115.6 million with an allocated ALL of $6.1 million at December 31, 2018. Non-accrual non-homogeneous loans (commercial-type impaired loan relationships greater than $1 million) that are designated as TDRs are individually measured for the amount of impairment, if any, both before and after the TDR designation. As of December 31, 2019, there were no commitments to lend a material amount of additional funds to any customers whose loans were classified as TDRs.