10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2023

or

☐     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File No. 001-40115

COUPANG, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	27-2810505
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

720 Olive Way, Suite 600

Seattle, Washington 98101

(206) 333-3839

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	CPNG	New York Stock Exchange
(Title of Each Class)	(Trading Symbol)	(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Small reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 2, 2023, there were 1,612,984,509 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 174,802,990 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

COUPANG, INC.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9
	Note 2. Net Revenues	9
	Note 3. Segment Reporting	9
	Note 4. Equity-based Compensation Plans	10
	Note 5. Defined Severance Benefits	11
	Note 6. Income Taxes	11
	Note 7. Net Income (Loss) per Share	11
	Note 8. Fair Value Measurement	12
	Note 9. Supplemental Financial Information	12
	Note 10. Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt	13
	Note 11. Contingencies	14
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
	Signatures	30

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 1

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “toward,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. These forward-looking statements include, or may be impacted by, the following:

•our expectations regarding our future operating and financial performance including our ability to achieve, maintain and increase long-term future profitability;

•our expectations regarding fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate in future periods;

•our ability to successfully execute our business and growth strategy;

•the continued growth of the retail market and the increased acceptance of online transactions by potential customers;

•the size of our addressable markets, market share, and market trends;

•our ability to compete in our industry;

•our ability to maintain and improve our market position;

•our ability to manage expansion into new markets and offerings;

•our ability to effectively manage the continued growth of our workforce and operations;

•our anticipated investments in new products and offerings, and the effect of these investments on our results of operations;

•the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents, and investments to meet our liquidity needs;

•our ability to retain existing suppliers and merchants and to add new suppliers and merchants;

•our suppliers’ and merchants’ ability to supply high-quality and compliant merchandise to our customers;

•our ability to maintain adequate cybersecurity with respect to our systems;

•our relationship with our employees and the status of our workers;

•our ability to operate and manage the expansion of our fulfillment and logistics infrastructure;

•the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;

•our ability to implement, maintain, and improve our internal control over financial reporting;

•our ability to effectively manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

•the impact of world events, such as natural disasters, acts of war or geopolitical conflicts, terrorism or disease outbreaks;

•the effects of global macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, a general economic slowdown or recession, interest rate fluctuations and changes in monetary policy;

•our ability to attract, retain, and motivate skilled personnel, including key members of our senior management;

•our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations, including tax laws, that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in Korea and internationally and our expectations regarding various laws and restrictions that relate to our business;

•the outcomes of any claims, litigation, governmental audits, inspections, and investigations; and

•the other factors set forth in Part 1, Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”)

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in Part 1, Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” of our 2022 Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements such as “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-Q. While we believe such information provides a

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 2

reasonable basis for these statements, such information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect new information, actual results, revised expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments.

Investors and others should note that we may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (ir.aboutcoupang.com), our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), webcasts, press releases, conference calls, and social media. We use these mediums to communicate with investors and the general public about our company, our products, and other issues. It is possible that the information that we make available on our website may be deemed to be material information. We therefore encourage investors and others interested in our company to review the information that we make available on our website. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or any other report or document we file with the SEC.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 3

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665
Net other revenue	868,872		560,941		2,162,145		1,678,176
Total net revenues	6,183,555		5,101,334		17,821,974		15,255,841
Cost of sales	4,617,768		3,867,446		13,312,472		11,824,754
Operating, general and administrative	1,478,303		1,156,468		4,167,601		3,626,515
Total operating cost and expenses	6,096,071		5,023,914		17,480,073		15,451,269
Operating income (loss)	87,484		77,420		341,901		(195,428)
Interest income	50,237		15,403		123,728		26,301
Interest expense	(13,295)		(6,485)		(34,386)		(19,996)
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)		11,224		(19,556)		2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	116,650		97,562		411,687		(186,638)
Income tax expense	25,350		6,883		84,340		7,468
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share:
Basic and diluted	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic	1,784,363		1,767,275		1,779,606		1,762,465
Diluted	1,808,311		1,790,941		1,801,006		1,762,465

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 4

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(25,552)		(52,758)		(53,232)		(54,717)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	1,253		243		(7,575)		38,250
Total other comprehensive loss	(24,299)		(52,515)		(60,807)		(16,467)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	67,001	$	38,164	$	266,540	$	(210,573)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 5

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except par value)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,857,920	$	3,509,334
Restricted cash	400,255		176,316
Accounts receivable, net	285,081		184,463
Inventories	1,640,567		1,656,851
Prepaids and other current assets	245,868		303,166
Total current assets	7,429,691		5,830,130
Long-term restricted cash	2,435		1,624
Property and equipment, net	2,200,638		1,819,945
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,484,273		1,405,248
Long-term lease deposits and other	445,732		455,956
Total assets	$	11,562,769	$	9,512,903
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable	$	4,616,045	$	3,622,332
Accrued expenses	311,886		298,869
Deferred revenue	85,529		92,361
Short-term borrowings	232,094		175,403
Current portion of long-term debt	382,430		128,936
Current portion of long-term operating lease obligations	351,025		325,924
Other current liabilities	526,765		418,681
Total current liabilities	6,505,774		5,062,506
Long-term debt	527,711		537,880
Long-term operating lease obligations	1,295,117		1,233,680
Defined severance benefits and other	305,790		264,924
Total liabilities	8,634,392		7,098,990
Contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' equity
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 1,611,084 and 1,597,804 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 250,000 shares authorized, 174,803 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	179		177
Additional paid-in capital	8,401,998		8,154,076
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(58,588)		2,219
Accumulated deficit	(5,415,212)		(5,742,559)
Total stockholders' equity	2,928,377		2,413,913
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	11,562,769	$	9,512,903

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 6

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total stockholders' equity, as of beginning of period	$	2,775,477	$	2,068,096	$	2,413,913	$	2,175,957
Class A and Class B common stock
Balance at beginning of period	178		177		177		175
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—		—		2
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	1		—		2		—
Balance at end of period	179		177		179		177
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period	8,316,100		8,014,912		8,154,076		7,874,038
Net issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	2,104		2,631		7,825		14,996
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	(1)		—		(1)		—
Equity-based compensation	83,795		63,075		240,098		191,584
Balance at end of period	8,401,998		8,080,618		8,401,998		8,080,618
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Balance at beginning of period	(34,289)		(11,691)		2,219		(47,739)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(25,552)		(52,758)		(53,232)		(54,717)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	1,253		243		(7,575)		38,250
Balance at end of period	(58,588)		(64,206)		(58,588)		(64,206)
Accumulated deficit
Balance at beginning of period	(5,506,512)		(5,935,302)		(5,742,559)		(5,650,517)
Net income (loss)	91,300		90,679		327,347		(194,106)
Balance at end of period	(5,415,212)		(5,844,623)		(5,415,212)		(5,844,623)
Total stockholders' equity, as of end of period	$	2,928,377	$	2,171,966	$	2,928,377	$	2,171,966
Class A and Class B common stock
Shares at beginning of period	1,781,269		1,765,117		1,772,607		1,754,203
Net issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	914		1,204		3,511		7,382
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units	3,704		2,622		9,769		7,358
Shares at end of period	1,785,887		1,768,943		1,785,887		1,768,943

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 7

COUPANG, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	197,816		174,063
Provision for severance benefits	117,243		124,056
Equity-based compensation	240,098		191,584
Non-cash operating lease expense	247,938		231,333
Other	99,594		56,536
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(114,032)		(39,325)
Inventories	(86,692)		(288,761)
Other assets	(65,268)		(273,554)
Accounts payable	1,235,365		163,508
Accrued expenses	15,400		(6,359)
Other liabilities	(172,116)		(154,012)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,042,693		(15,037)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(662,273)		(703,074)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	12,461		10,600
Other investing activities	(13,898)		(25,979)
Net cash used in investing activities	(663,710)		(718,453)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, equity-based compensation plan	7,826		14,998
Proceeds from short-term borrowings and long-term debt	416,508		543,185
Repayment of short-term borrowings and long-term debt	(63,654)		(337,071)
Net short-term borrowings and other financing activities	1,222		5,377
Net cash provided by financing activities	361,902		226,489
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(167,549)		(243,132)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	1,573,336		(750,133)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of beginning of period	3,687,274		3,810,347
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of end of period	$	5,260,610	$	3,060,214

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 8

COUPANG, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.     Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Coupang, Inc. (“Coupang”) together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

The unaudited interim financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-04, “Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) - Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” The standard requires entities that use supplier finance programs to make disclosures about the key terms of the program, the balance sheet presentation of the related amounts and disclose the amounts outstanding, including providing a rollforward of such amounts. The adoption of the ASU in the first quarter resulted in incremental disclosures in our condensed consolidated financial statements, with the exception of the rollforward disclosure which will be effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023.

2.    Net Revenues

Details of total net revenues were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665
Third-party merchant services	708,508		447,868		1,732,240		1,414,768
Other revenue	160,364		113,073		429,905		263,408
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841

This level of revenue disaggregation takes into consideration how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Net retail sales are recognized from online product sales to consumers. Third-party merchant services represent commissions, advertising, logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell their products through our online business, and delivery fees from restaurants. Other revenue includes revenue earned from our Rocket WOW membership program and various other offerings.

Contract liabilities consist of payments in advance of delivery and customer loyalty credits, which are included in deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized revenue of $89 million and $82 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to payments in advance of delivery which were included in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets as of the beginning of the respective years.

3.    Segment Reporting

We own and operate a retail business that primarily serves the Korean retail market. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer. We have two operating and reportable segments: Product Commerce and Developing Offerings. These segments are based on how the CODM manages the business, allocates resources, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance.

Product Commerce primarily includes core Korean retail (owned inventory) and marketplace offerings (third-party merchants) and Rocket Fresh, our fresh grocery category offering, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Product Commerce are derived primarily from online product sales of owned inventory to customers in Korea, commissions, and

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 9

logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell products through our mobile application and website, and from Rocket WOW membership.

Developing Offerings primarily includes more nascent offerings and services, including Coupang Eats, our restaurant ordering and delivery service in Korea, Coupang Play, our online content streaming service in Korea, fintech, our retail operations in Taiwan, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Developing Offerings are primarily generated from online restaurant ordering and delivery services in Korea and retail operations in Taiwan.

Our segment operating performance measure is segment adjusted EBITDA. Segment adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) before income taxes for a period before depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation expense, interest expense, interest income, and other income (expense), net. Segment adjusted EBITDA also excludes impairments and other items that we do not believe are reflective of our ongoing operations.

We generally allocate operating expenses to the respective segments based on usage. The CODM does not evaluate segments using asset information and, accordingly, we do not report asset information by segment.

Results of operations for the reportable segments and reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenues
Product Commerce	$	5,966,027	$	4,947,174	$	17,305,966	$	14,760,758
Developing Offerings	217,528		154,160		516,008		495,083
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841
Segment adjusted EBITDA
Product Commerce	$	399,494	$	239,222	$	1,095,461	$	339,939
Developing Offerings	(160,822)		(44,303)		(315,646)		(169,720)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	$	238,672	$	194,919	$	779,815	$	170,219
Reconciling items:
Depreciation and amortization	$	(67,393)	$	(54,424)	$	(197,816)	$	(174,063)
Equity-based compensation	(83,795)		(63,075)		(240,098)		(191,584)
Interest expense	(13,295)		(6,485)		(34,386)		(19,996)
Interest income	50,237		15,403		123,728		26,301
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)		11,224		(19,556)		2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	116,650	$	97,562	$	411,687	$	(186,638)

4.    Equity-based Compensation Plans

Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”s)

RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Outstanding RSUs
(in thousands, except unit price)	Number of RSUs	Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
December 31, 2022	35,178	$	19.29
Granted	23,760	$	16.36
Vested	(9,769)	$	20.19
Forfeited / cancelled	(3,728)	$	20.41
September 30, 2023	45,441	$	17.47

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 10

Equity-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the effects of equity-based compensation in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	3,567	$	3,996	$	10,482	$	11,868
Operating, general and administrative	80,228		59,079		229,616		179,716
Total	$	83,795	$	63,075	$	240,098	$	191,584

5.    Defined Severance Benefits

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit costs and the portion of these costs charged to expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Current service costs	$	36,183	$	33,066	$	103,935	$	109,722
Interest cost	3,749		2,446		10,422		5,777
Amortization of:
Prior service credit	817		810		2,473		2,582
Net actuarial loss	392		298		413		5,975
Net periodic benefit cost	$	41,141	$	36,620	$	117,243	$	124,056

6.    Income Taxes

Our tax provision from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. No income tax benefit was accrued for jurisdictions where we anticipate incurring a loss during the full fiscal year as the related deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance. Our resulting effective tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rate, primarily due to the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, tax credits, the inclusion of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions and other permanent differences.

Given our current income and anticipated future income, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that sufficient positive evidence may become available in future periods to allow us to reach a conclusion that the Korea valuation allowances will no longer be needed, which would result in the recognition of material net deferred tax assets and a corresponding material benefit to our tax provision. The timing and amount of any Korea valuation allowances being released are subject to change on the basis of the level of sustained income that we are able to achieve, and macroeconomic conditions, among various other factors.

7.    Net Income (Loss) per Share

We compute net income (loss) per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings or loss are allocated on a proportionate basis to each class of common stock, and the resulting basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders are therefore the same for Class A and Class B common stock on both an individual and a combined basis. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock and potentially dilutive Class A and Class B potential common shares outstanding during the period.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 11

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic	1,784,363		1,767,275		1,779,606		1,762,465
Dilutive effect of equity compensation awards	23,948		23,666		21,400		—
Diluted	1,808,311		1,790,941		1,801,006		1,762,465
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share:
Basic	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Diluted	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Anti-dilutive shares (rounded)	2,000		6,000		4,000		25,000

8.    Fair Value Measurement

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP established a hierarchy framework to classify the fair value measurement into one of the three levels based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement.

The following table summarizes our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Classification	Measurement Level	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Cash deposits(1)	Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	4,857,920	$	3,509,334
Cash and time deposits	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	320,341	$	99,730
Money market trust	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	79,914	$	76,586
Time deposits	Other current assets	Level 1	$	35,321	$	17,754
Cash and time deposits	Long-term restricted cash	Level 1	$	2,435	$	1,624

(1)Cash deposits includes bank deposits, money market trusts and time deposits. The carrying value approximates fair value because maturities are less than three months.

9.    Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	49,191	$	2,851
Cash paid for interest	$	20,418	$	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	325,381	$	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	321,476	$	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	76,823	$	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	13,585	$	(72,052)

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 12

Supplier Financing Arrangements

We have agreements with third-party financial institutions to facilitate participating vendors’ and suppliers’ ability to settle payment obligations from us to designated third-party financial institutions. Participating vendors and suppliers may, at their sole discretion, settle obligations prior to their scheduled due dates at a discounted price to the participating financial institutions. The invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program require payment, in full, based on the original standard invoice terms. Confirmed invoices owed to financial institutions under these programs are included within accounts payable and were $431 million and $337 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Coupang or the financial institutions may terminate the agreement upon given notice.

Fulfillment Center Fire

In June 2021, a fire extensively damaged our Deokpyeong fulfillment center (“FC Fire”) resulting in a loss of the inventory, building, equipment, and other assets at the site.

While we are insured on property losses from the FC Fire, investigations surrounding the fire continue. In September 2023 we received an additional refundable insurance cash advance payment of $59 million. We previously received a refundable cash advance payment in December 2022. We have recorded these refundable advances within other current liabilities when received and have not recognized any insurance benefit in our consolidated statements of operations to date. Whether and to what extent the advances will become non-refundable or additional proceeds will be received is currently unknown.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income includes all changes in equity during a period that have yet to be recognized in income. The major components are foreign currency translation adjustments and actuarial gains (losses) on our defined severance benefits. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the ending balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to foreign currency translation adjustments was $(8) million and $45 million, respectively, and the amount related to actuarial losses on defined severance benefits was $(51) million and $(43) million, respectively.

10.    Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

Our short-term borrowings generally include lines of credit and term loan facilities with financial institutions to be utilized for general operating purposes.

In April 2023, we entered into a new one-year $59 million credit loan facility for general operating purposes. The loan bears interest at the average of 91-day CD interest rate plus 4.40%.

In September 2023, we modified our existing one-year term syndicated loan agreement and extended the maturity date to September 2024. The remaining $67 million outstanding bears interest at a rate of 5.56%.

Our long-term debt generally includes revolving credit facilities and various loan agreements for general operating purposes, and term loan facilities. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $910 million and $667 million, respectively, of loans outstanding under these agreements, net of unamortized discounts.

In April 2023, we entered into a new three-year $171 million term loan facility agreement to finance the purchase of a fulfillment center and land. We pledged up to $205 million of certain land and buildings as collateral. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.76%.

Our 2021 revolving credit facility was amended in accordance with the agreement to provide for the replacement of the London Inter-bank offered rate (“LIBOR”) with an alternative benchmark rate. Effective July 1, 2023, the facility replaced the LIBOR rate with the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”). Borrowings under the 2021 revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) a base rate equal to the highest of (A) the prime rate, (B) the higher of the federal funds rate or a composite overnight bank borrowing rate plus 0.50%, or (C) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00% or (ii) an adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin equal to 1.00%. No borrowings have been made under the facility.

Our debt is recorded at amortized cost. The fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on our current interest rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amount of debt approximates its fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due primarily to the interest rates approximating market interest rates.

We were in compliance with the covenants for each of our borrowings and debt agreements as of September 30, 2023.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 13

11.    Contingencies

Legal Matters

From time to time, we may become party to claims, investigations, proceedings, and other litigation, in the ordinary course of business. We assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determine loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, we consider other relevant factors that could impact our ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. Our reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of currently pending legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Litigation

On August 26, 2022, a putative class action was filed on behalf of all purchasers of Coupang Class A common stock pursuant and/or traceable to Coupang’s registration statement issued in connection with our initial public offering. Choi v. Coupang, Inc et al was brought against Coupang, Inc., and certain of its former and current directors, current officers, and certain underwriters of the offering. The action was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging inaccurate and misleading or omitted statements of material fact in Coupang's Registration Statement in violation of Sections 11, 12 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933. The action was amended on May 22, 2023, and added allegations of securities fraud under Sections 10 and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The action seeks unspecified compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees, and reasonable costs and expenses. In August 2023, two separate stockholders’ derivative actions related to the securities class action were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain of Coupang’s former and current directors and current officers. Coupang was named as a nominal defendant in the actions. These derivative actions purport to assert claims on behalf of Coupang and make substantially similar factual allegations to Choi v. Coupang, Inc. et al, bringing claims for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and violations of securities laws. The actions seek compensatory damages, governance reforms, and other relief. We believe all the aforementioned actions are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against them. A reasonable estimate of the amount of any possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of this matter and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

Korean Fair Trade Commission Investigations

On June 28, 2021, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (“KFTC”) initiated an investigation into a potential violation of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (the “Fair Trade Act”), including alleged preferential treatments of private labelled products provided by our subsidiary, Coupang Private Label Business. The KFTC is also investigating us on other matters related to the alleged violations of certain KFTC regulations. We are diligently cooperating with these investigations, and actively defending our practices as appropriate.

Under Korean law, the issues addressed in the investigations can be resolved through civil, administrative, or criminal proceedings. The ultimate case resolution could include fines, orders to alter our processes or procedures, and criminal investigations or charges against individuals or us. We cannot reasonably estimate any penalties, loss or range of loss that may arise from the various KFTC Investigations. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of these matters and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 14

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2022 Form 10-K. This discussion, particularly information with respect to our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-Q. As a result of many factors, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2022 Form 10-K and the “Risk Factors” section of subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our actual results or timing of certain events could differ materially from the results or timing described in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.

Overview

Coupang is one of the largest retailers in Asia, with a mission to revolutionize the everyday lives of its customers and create a world where people wonder, “How did we ever live without Coupang?” Coupang is headquartered in the United States, with operations and support services performed in markets including South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China, and India. We believe that we are a preeminent online destination because of our broad selection, low prices, and exceptional delivery and customer experience across our owned inventory selection as well as products offered by third-party merchants. Our unique end-to-end integrated fulfillment, logistics, and technology network enables Rocket Delivery, which provides free, next-day delivery for orders placed anytime of the day, even seconds before midnight—across millions of products. Our structural advantages from complete end-to-end integration, investments in technology, and scale economies generate higher efficiencies that allow us to pass savings to customers in the form of lower prices. The capabilities we have built provide us with opportunities to expand into other offerings and geographies.

Our segments reflect the way we evaluate our business performance and manage operations. See Note 3 — "Segment Reporting" to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Product Commerce primarily includes core Korean retail (owned inventory) and marketplace offerings (third-party merchants) and Rocket Fresh, our fresh grocery offering, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Product Commerce are derived primarily from online product sales of owned inventory to customers in Korea, commissions, logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell products through our mobile application and website, and from Rocket WOW membership.

Developing Offerings primarily includes more nascent offerings and services, including Coupang Eats, our restaurant ordering and delivery service in Korea, Coupang Play, our online content streaming service in Korea, fintech, our retail operations in Taiwan, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Developing Offerings are primarily generated from online restaurant ordering and delivery services in Korea and retail operations in Taiwan.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 15

Key Financial and Operating Highlights:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
	2023			2022					2023			2022
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555		$	5,101,334		21	%	$	17,821,974		$	15,255,841		17	%
Total net revenues, constant currency(1)	$	6,039,319		$	5,914,613		18	%	$	18,263,275		$	17,115,796		20	%
Gross profit(2)	$	1,565,787		$	1,233,888		27	%	$	4,509,502		$	3,431,087		31	%
Net income (loss)	$	91,300		$	90,679		1	%	$	327,347		$	(194,106)		NM(3)
Net income (loss) margin	1.5		%	1.8		%			1.8		%	(1.3)		%
Adjusted EBITDA(1)	$	238,672		$	194,919		22	%	$	779,815		$	170,219		NM(3)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)	3.9		%	3.8		%			4.4		%	1.1		%
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	721,639		$	58,164		NM(3)		$	2,042,693		$	(15,037)		NM(3)
Free cash flow(1)	$	536,237		$	(222,446)		NM(3)		$	1,392,881		$	(707,511)		NM(3)
Segment adjusted EBITDA:
Product Commerce	$	399,494		$	239,222		67	%	$	1,095,461		$	339,939		NM(3)
Developing Offerings	$	(160,822)		$	(44,303)		NM(3)		$	(315,646)		$	(169,720)		86	%

	Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,				% Change
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,623,169	$	(217,783)	NM(3)
Free cash flow(1)	$	1,854,751	$	(1,077,462)	NM(3)

(1)Total net revenues, constant currency; total net revenues growth, constant currency; adjusted EBITDA; adjusted EBITDA margin; and free cash flow are non-GAAP measures. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” below for the reconciliation of the Non-GAAP measures with their comparable amounts prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

(2)Gross profit is calculated as total net revenues minus cost of sales.

(3)Non-meaningful

Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Key Business Metrics

	Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except net revenues per Active Customer)	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022
Active Customers	20,421		19,713		19,010		18,115		17,992
Total net revenues per Active Customer	$	303	$	296	$	305	$	294	$	284

Active Customers

As of the last date of each reported period, we determine our number of Active Customers by counting the total number of individual customers who have ordered at least once directly from our apps or websites in Korea during the relevant period. A customer is anyone who has created an account on our apps or websites, identified by a unique email address. The change in Active Customers in a reported period captures both the inflow of new customers as well as the outflow of existing customers who have not made a purchase in the period. We view the number of Active Customers as a key indicator of our potential for growth in total net revenues, the reach of our network, the awareness of our brand, and the engagement of our customers.

Net Revenues per Active Customer

Net revenues per Active Customer is the total net revenues generated in a period divided by the total number of Active Customers in that period. A key driver of growth is increasing the frequency and the level of spend of Active Customers who are shopping on our apps or websites. We therefore view net revenues per Active Customer as a key indicator of engagement and retention of our customers and our success in increasing the share of wallet.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 16

Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations

We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with additional useful information in evaluating our performance. These non-GAAP financial measures may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures.

Non-GAAP Measure	Definition	How We Use The Measure
Free Cash Flow	• Cash flow from operations Less: purchases of property and equipment, Plus: proceeds from sale of property and equipment.	• Provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from our ongoing operations that, after purchases and sales of property and equipment, can be used for strategic initiatives, including investing in our business and strengthening our balance sheet, including paying down debt, and paying dividends to stockholders.
Adjusted EBITDA	• Net income (loss), excluding the effects of: - depreciation and amortization, - interest expense, - interest income, - other income (expense), net, - income tax expense (benefit), - equity-based compensation, - impairments, and - other items not reflective of our ongoing operations.	• Provides information to management to evaluate and assess our performance and allocate internal resources. • We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are frequently used by investors and other interested parties in evaluating companies in the retail industry for period-to-period comparisons as they remove the impact of certain items that are not representative of our ongoing business, such as material non-cash items and certain variable charges.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	• Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total net revenues.
Constant Currency Revenue	• Constant currency information compares results between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant. • We define constant currency revenue as total revenue excluding the effect of foreign exchange rate movements, and use it to determine the constant currency revenue growth on a comparative basis. • Constant currency revenue is calculated by translating current period revenues using the prior period exchange rate.	• The effect of currency exchange rates on our business is an important factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons. Our financial reporting currency is the U.S. dollar (“USD”) and changes in foreign exchange rates can significantly affect our reported results and consolidated trends. For example, our business generates sales predominantly in Korean Won (“KRW”), which are favorably affected as the USD weakens relative to the KRW, and unfavorably affected as the USD strengthens relative to the KRW. • We use constant currency revenue and constant currency revenue growth for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate comparisons between periods. We believe the presentation of our results on a constant currency basis in addition to U.S. GAAP results helps improve the ability to understand our performance because they exclude the effects of foreign currency volatility that are not indicative of our actual results of operations.
Constant Currency Revenue Growth	• Constant currency revenue growth (as a percentage) is calculated by determining the increase in current period revenue over prior period revenue, where current period foreign currency revenue is translated using prior period exchange rates.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 17

The following tables present the reconciliations from each U.S. GAAP measure to its corresponding non-GAAP measure for the periods noted:

Free Cash Flow

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Trailing Twelve Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	721,639	$	58,164	$	2,042,693	$	(15,037)	$	2,623,169	$	(217,783)
Adjustments:
Purchases of land and buildings	(32,670)		(156,782)		(331,281)		(205,274)		(352,594)		(243,609)
Purchases of equipment	(157,980)		(126,618)		(330,992)		(497,800)		(430,867)		(627,574)
Total purchases of property and equipment	(190,650)		(283,400)		(662,273)		(703,074)		(783,461)		(871,183)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	5,248		2,790		12,461		10,600		15,043		11,504
Total adjustments	$	(185,402)	$	(280,610)	$	(649,812)	$	(692,474)	$	(768,418)	$	(859,679)
Free cash flow	$	536,237	$	(222,446)	$	1,392,881	$	(707,511)	$	1,854,751	$	(1,077,462)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(151,590)	$	(288,755)	$	(663,710)	$	(718,453)	$	(793,511)	$	(887,166)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	33,222	$	145,821	$	361,902	$	226,489	$	382,765	$	131,148

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555		$	5,101,334		$	17,821,974		$	15,255,841
Net income (loss)	91,300			90,679			327,347			(194,106)
Net income (loss) margin	1.5		%	1.8		%	1.8		%	(1.3)		%
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	67,393			54,424			197,816			174,063
Interest expense	13,295			6,485			34,386			19,996
Interest income	(50,237)			(15,403)			(123,728)			(26,301)
Income tax expense	25,350			6,883			84,340			7,468
Other expense (income), net	7,776			(11,224)			19,556			(2,485)
Equity-based compensation	83,795			63,075			240,098			191,584
Adjusted EBITDA	$	238,672		$	194,919		$	779,815		$	170,219
Adjusted EBITDA margin	3.9		%	3.8		%	4.4		%	1.1		%

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 18

Constant Currency Revenue and Constant Currency Revenue Growth

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Year over Year Growth
	2023						2022
(in thousands)	As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported		Constant Currency Basis
Consolidated
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	(132,709)	$	5,181,974	$	4,540,393	$	723,839	$	5,264,232	17	%	14	%
Net other revenue	868,872		(11,527)		857,345		560,941		89,440		650,381		55	%	53	%
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	(144,236)	$	6,039,319	$	5,101,334	$	813,279	$	5,914,613	21	%	18	%
Net Revenues by Segment
Product Commerce	$	5,966,027	$	(141,996)	$	5,824,031	$	4,947,174	$	788,061	$	5,735,235	21	%	18	%
Developing Offerings	217,528		(2,240)		215,288		154,160		25,218		179,378		41	%	40	%
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	(144,236)	$	6,039,319	$	5,101,334	$	813,279	$	5,914,613	21	%	18	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,												Year over Year Growth
	2023						2022
(in thousands)	As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported		Exchange Rate Effect		Constant Currency Basis		As Reported		Constant Currency Basis
Consolidated
Net retail sales	$	15,659,829	$	387,762	$	16,047,591	$	13,577,665	$	1,655,356	$	15,233,021	15	%	18	%
Net other revenue	2,162,145		53,539		2,215,684		1,678,176		204,599		1,882,775		29	%	32	%
Total net revenues	$	17,821,974	$	441,301	$	18,263,275	$	15,255,841	$	1,859,955	$	17,115,796	17	%	20	%
Net Revenues by Segment
Product Commerce	$	17,305,966	$	428,524	$	17,734,490	$	14,760,758	$	1,799,596	$	16,560,354	17	%	20	%
Developing Offerings	516,008		12,777		528,785		495,083		60,359		555,442		4	%	7	%
Total net revenues	$	17,821,974	$	441,301	$	18,263,275	$	15,255,841	$	1,859,955	$	17,115,796	17	%	20	%

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 19

Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		% Change		2023		2022		% Change
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	17	%	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665	15	%
Net other revenue	868,872		560,941		55	%	2,162,145		1,678,176		29	%
Total net revenues	6,183,555		5,101,334		21	%	17,821,974		15,255,841		17	%
Cost of sales	4,617,768		3,867,446		19	%	13,312,472		11,824,754		13	%
Operating, general and administrative	1,478,303		1,156,468		28	%	4,167,601		3,626,515		15	%
Total operating cost and expenses	6,096,071		5,023,914		21	%	17,480,073		15,451,269		13	%
Operating income (loss)	87,484		77,420		13	%	341,901		(195,428)		NM(1)
Interest income	50,237		15,403		NM(1)		123,728		26,301		NM(1)
Interest expense	(13,295)		(6,485)		105	%	(34,386)		(19,996)		72	%
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)		11,224		NM(1)		(19,556)		2,485		NM(1)
Income (loss) before income taxes	116,650		97,562		20	%	411,687		(186,638)		NM(1)
Income tax expense	25,350		6,883		NM(1)		84,340		7,468		NM(1)
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	1	%	$	327,347	$	(194,106)	NM(1)

(1)Non-meaningful

Total Net Revenues

We categorize our total net revenues as (1) net retail sales and (2) net other revenue. Total net revenues incorporate reductions for estimated returns, promotional discounts, and earned loyalty rewards and exclude amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as value added taxes. We periodically provide customers with promotional discounts to retail prices, such as percentage discounts and other similar offers, to incentivize increased customer spending and loyalty. These promotional discounts are discretionary and are reflected as reductions to the selling price and revenue recognized on each corresponding transaction. Loyalty rewards are offered as part of revenue transactions to all retail customers, whereby rewards are earned as a percentage of each purchase, for the customer to apply towards the purchase price of a future transaction. We defer a portion of revenue from each originating transaction, based on the estimated standalone selling price of the loyalty reward earned, and then recognize the revenue as the loyalty reward is redeemed in a future transaction, or when they expire. The amount of the deferred revenue related to these loyalty rewards is not material.

Fulfillment and Logistics by Coupang (“FLC”)

FLC is a Product Commerce offering that enables participating merchants to leverage our end-to-end integrated logistics and fulfillment network. The previous contract terms with FLC merchants resulted in the transfer of control of the merchants’ products to us and Coupang is the seller of record in these transactions, whereby revenue is recorded on a gross basis (principal). Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, we changed the FLC program and related contracts with merchants, streamlining the overall process for merchants and us. As a result of these changes, control of these products is no longer transferred to the Company prior to sales. The change impacted how we recognize a portion of our revenue, from a gross basis (principal) to a net basis (agent). As of the end of the second quarter, the previous contract terms had expired. This will continue to result in a prospective reduction in total net revenues associated with FLC, with no significant corresponding impact on gross profit expected.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				% Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				% Change
(in thousands)	2023		2022		As Reported		Constant Currency		2023		2022		As Reported		Constant Currency
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	17	%	14	%	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665	15	%	18	%
Net other revenue	868,872		560,941		55	%	53	%	2,162,145		1,678,176		29	%	32	%
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	21	%	18	%	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841	17	%	20	%

Net retail sales represent the majority of our total net revenues which we earn from online product sales of our owned inventory to customers. Net other revenue includes revenue from commissions, and logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell their products through our apps or websites. We are not the merchant of record in these transactions, nor do we take possession of the related inventory. From the second quarter of 2023, net other revenue also includes commissions and logistics and fulfillment fees earned from FLC merchants under the new contracts.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 20

Net other revenue also includes consideration from online restaurant ordering and delivery services performed by us, as well as advertising services provided on our apps or websites. We also earn subscription revenue from memberships to our Rocket WOW membership program, which is also included in net other revenue.

The following table presents our total net revenues by segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				% Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				% Change
(in thousands)	2023		2022		As Reported		Constant Currency		2023		2022		As Reported		Constant Currency
Product Commerce	$	5,966,027	$	4,947,174	21	%	18	%	$	17,305,966	$	14,760,758	17	%	20	%
Developing Offerings	217,528		154,160		41	%	40	%	516,008		495,083		4	%	7	%
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	21	%	18	%	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841	17	%	20	%

The increases in Product Commerce for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are primarily due to continued year over year growth in our Active Customers and total net revenues per Active Customer, driven by increased product selection of our owned inventory, increased customer engagement across more product categories, and increased merchants available on our marketplace. This was partially offset by the net revenue impact of our transition of FLC merchants to new contracts now recognized on a net basis.

The increases in Developing Offerings for the three months ended September 30, 2023 are primarily due to our growth initiatives in Taiwan and Eats. The increases in Developing Offerings for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are primarily due to our growth initiatives in Taiwan partially offset by a decrease in Active Customers in our Eats offering in the first half of 2023.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales primarily consists of the purchase price of products sold directly to customers where we record revenue gross, and includes logistics costs. Inbound shipping and handling costs to receive products from suppliers are included in inventory and recognized in cost of sales as products are sold. Additionally, cost of sales includes outbound shipping and logistics related expenses, delivery costs from our restaurant delivery business, and depreciation and amortization expense.

The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily reflect higher volume from increased sales and customer demand. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreased from 75.8% and 77.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 74.7% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to further operational efficiencies, continued supply chain optimization, and an increased percentage of revenues earned from higher margin revenue categories and offerings, including the enhanced FLC program. These benefits were partially offset by the impacts from our growth initiatives in developing offerings.

Operating, General and Administrative Expenses

Operating, general and administrative expenses include all our operating costs excluding cost of sales, as described above. More specifically, these expenses include costs incurred in operating and staffing our fulfillment centers (including costs attributed to receiving, inspecting, picking, packaging, and preparing customer orders), customer service-related costs, payment processing fees, costs related to the design, execution, and maintenance of our technology infrastructure and online offerings, advertising costs, general corporate function costs, and depreciation and amortization expense.

The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily reflect increases in fulfillment costs due to growth in our business and slightly higher advertising expenses, reflecting growth in revenues and a return to pre-COVID levels. These expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 23.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 due to decreased revenues from the full transition to the new FLC contracts. These expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased from 23.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 23.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to improved operating efficiencies and operating leverage, partially offset by decreased revenues from the transition to the new FLC contracts beginning in the second quarter of 2023.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 21

Interest Income

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our deposits held with financial institutions.

Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $35 million and $97 million, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. The increase in interest income was primarily due to higher interest rates in 2023 combined with our higher average cash balances.

Income Tax Expense

We are subject to income taxes predominantly in Korea, as well as in the United States and other foreign jurisdictions in which we do business. Foreign jurisdictions have different statutory tax rates than those in the United States. Additionally, certain of our foreign earnings may also be taxable in the United States. Accordingly, our effective tax rate is subject to significant variation and can vary based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss, the relative proportion of foreign to domestic income, use of tax credits and changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as currently enacted, requires taxpayers to capitalize research and development expenses with amortization periods over five and fifteen years, which has and is expected to continue to increase the amount of our global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) inclusion.

Our effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 21.7% and 20.5%, respectively, compared with 7.1% and (4.0%) for the prior year periods. The increase for the periods reflects the strong operating results and taxable income in 2023, compared to the prior periods that generated minimal taxable income. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to valuation allowances, net operating losses and tax credits used for the periods, partially offset by the mix of our income (loss) before income taxes generated across the various jurisdictions in which we operate, including the impact of international provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and permanent differences from non-deductible expenses. We expect that our effective tax rate in future periods will continue to differ significantly from the applicable statutory rate.

Given our current income and anticipated future income, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that sufficient positive evidence may become available in future periods to allow us to reach a conclusion that the Korea valuation allowances will no longer be needed, which would result in the recognition of material net deferred tax assets and a corresponding material benefit to our tax provision. We expect the change would result in a higher effective tax rate in subsequent periods until the net operating losses are fully utilized, but we do not expect that it will materially impact our cash tax payments and related liabilities. The timing and amount of any Korea valuation allowances being released are difficult to estimate, subject to significant uncertainty and subject to change on the basis of the level of sustained income that we are able to achieve, the value of the deferred tax asset at the time of a release and macroeconomic conditions, among various other factors.

Segment adjusted EBITDA

The operating performance measure of each segment is segment adjusted EBITDA. Segment adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) before income taxes for a period before depreciation and amortization, interest expense, interest income, income tax expense (benefit), other income (expense), net, equity-based compensation, impairments, and other items that we do not believe are reflective of our ongoing operations associated with our segments.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		% Change		2023		2022		% Change
Product Commerce	$	399,494	$	239,222	67	%	$	1,095,461	$	339,939	NM(1)
Developing Offerings	(160,822)		(44,303)		NM(1)		(315,646)		(169,720)		86	%
Consolidated adjusted EBITDA	$	238,672	$	194,919	22	%	$	779,815	$	170,219	NM(1)

(1)Non-meaningful

The improvement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 in Product Commerce segment adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in net revenues, further operational efficiencies, improvements from supply chain optimization, an increased percentage of revenues earned from higher margin revenue categories and offerings, and improved operating leverage.

The increased loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 in Developing Offerings adjusted EBITDA was the result of the increased investments in our Eats and Taiwan offerings, and higher content costs for our Coupang Play offering. These losses were partially offset by lower delivery costs associated with Coupang Eats.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 22

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to access sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, supplemented through various debt financing arrangements and sales of our equity securities. We had total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $5.3 billion as of September 30, 2023, of which $3.5 billion was held by our foreign subsidiaries and may not be freely transferable to the U.S. due to local laws or other restrictions. Additionally, we have $1.1 billion available under our 2022 and 2021 revolving credit facilities as described below.

The ability of certain subsidiaries to transfer funds or pay dividends to Coupang, Inc. is also restricted due to terms which require the subsidiaries to meet certain financial covenants, including requirements to maintain a positive net equity balance or having current period income.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had stockholders’ equity of $2.9 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively. We may incur losses in the future. We expect that our investment into our growth strategy will continue to be significant, particularly with respect to our Developing Offerings segment, which will continue to focus on our newer offerings and entrance into new geographies, as well as overall expansion of our fulfillment, logistics, and technology capabilities. As part of this expansion to fulfill anticipated future customer demand and continuation to expand services, we plan to build new fulfillment centers. We have entered into various new construction contracts for capital projects which are expected to be completed over the next three years. These contracts have remaining capital expenditures commitments of $179 million as of September 30, 2023. We expect that our future expenditures for both infrastructure and workforce-related costs will exceed several billion dollars over the next several years.

Changes in our cash flows were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Change
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,042,693	$	(15,037)	$	2,057,730
Net cash used in investing activities	(663,710)		(718,453)		54,743
Net cash provided by financing activities	361,902		226,489		135,413

Operating Activities

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Change
Net income (loss)	$	327,347	$	(194,106)	$	521,453
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating	902,689		777,572		125,117
Change in operating assets and liabilities	812,657		(598,503)		1,411,160
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,042,693	$	(15,037)	$	2,057,730

The year-over-year change in operating cash flow was primarily driven by a $521 million decrease in net loss, which resulted in net income for the current period. Additionally, benefiting the improvement in cash used in operating activities were the changes in operating assets and liabilities, including:

•$208 million from other assets primarily as a result of a reduction in advances made to certain large, multi-national suppliers;

•a decrease in inventories of $202 million primarily from the implementation of the new FLC program combined with improved inventory management and seasonal fluctuations;

•an increase in accounts payable of $1.1 billion primarily as a result of improved payment terms, primarily with certain large, multi-national suppliers and seasonal fluctuations, partially offset by a reduction in payables from the FLC changes; and

•Partially offsetting these changes, accounts receivable increased $75 million due to seasonal fluctuations and the timing of pre-sales events compared to the prior year.

Investing Activities

The increase in cash outflow was mainly driven by a $41 million increase in purchases of property and equipment, primarily related to investments made in the current year in our fulfillment and logistics infrastructure, including purchases of buildings, land and equipment.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 23

Financing Activities

The increase in cash inflow was primarily driven by a $273 million decrease in repayments of debt and short-term borrowings due to the timing of maturities, partially offset by a $127 million decrease in proceeds from debt and short-term borrowings.

We believe that our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we find and pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation, or other similar actions, which may include investing in technology, our logistics and fulfillment infrastructure, or related talent. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed our amounts of cash on hand or if we decide to further optimize our capital structure, we may seek to issue additional debt or equity securities or obtain credit facilities or other sources of financing. This financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

Capital Resources

We have entered into material unconditional purchase obligations. These contractual commitments primarily relate to technology related service contracts, fulfillment center construction contracts and software licenses. We generally enter into term loan facility agreements to finance the acquisition of property or construction of our fulfillment centers. These agreements may require that we provide for collateral equal to or greater than the amount borrowed under the arrangement. As we continue to build additional fulfillment centers, we expect our borrowings under debt financing arrangements to continue to increase.

Refer to Note 13 — "Commitments and Contingencies" of our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K for disclosure of our minimum contractual commitments.

Our short-term and long-term borrowings generally include lines of credit with financial institutions available to be drawn upon for general operating purposes.

We have a two-year revolving facility agreement (the “2022 revolving credit facility”) with a borrowing limit of $122 million that bears interest at the average of 91-days CD interest rate plus 2.30%. The revolving facility is secured by certain of our inventories. As of September 30, 2023, there was no balance outstanding on the 2022 revolving credit facility.

We have a three-year $1.0 billion unsecured credit facility (the “2021 revolving credit facility”). Our 2021 revolving credit facility was amended in accordance with the agreement to provide for the replacement of the London Inter-bank offered rate (“LIBOR”) with an alternative benchmark rate. Effective July 1, 2023, the facility replaced the LIBOR rate with the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”). Borrowings under the 2021 revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) a base rate equal to the highest of (A) the prime rate, (B) the higher of the federal funds rate or a composite overnight bank borrowing rate plus 0.50%, or (C) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00% or (ii) an adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin equal to 1.00%. No borrowings have been made under the facility.

In April 2023, we entered into a new one-year credit loan facility to borrow $59 million for general operating purposes. The loan bears interest at the average of 91-day CD interest rate plus 4.40%.

In April 2023, we entered into a new three-year term loan facility agreement to borrow $171 million to finance the purchase of a fulfillment center and land. We pledged up to $205 million of certain land and buildings as collateral. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.76%.

In September 2023, we modified our existing one-year term syndicated loan agreement and extended the maturity date to September 2024. The remaining $67 million outstanding bears interest at a rate of 5.56%.

Refer to Note 12 — "Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt" of our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K for disclosure of our debt obligations and collateral.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparing these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to the section entitled “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Other significant accounting policies are also discussed in Note 1 — “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 24

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 — "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 25

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

In addition to the risks inherent in our operations, we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency, and credit.

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $5.3 billion. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Our interest rate risk arises primarily from our undrawn revolving credit facilities. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose us to variability in cash flows. Our policy, in the management of interest rate risk, is to structure a reasonable balance between fixed and floating rate financial instruments as well as our cash and cash equivalents and any short-term investments we may hold. The balance struck by our management is dependent on prevailing interest rate markets at any point in time.

Our borrowings generally include lines of credit with financial institutions, some of which carry variable interest rates. As of September 30, 2023, there was no balances outstanding on our revolving credit facilities. Any future borrowings incurred under the 2021 and 2022 revolving credit facilities would accrue interest at rates subject to current market conditions.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have accounts on our foreign subsidiaries’ ledgers, which are maintained in the respective subsidiary’s local currency and translated into USD for reporting of our consolidated financial statements. As a result, we are exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rates of various currencies against the USD and other currencies, including the KRW.

Transactional

We generate the majority of our revenue from customers within Korea. Typically, we aim to align costs with revenue denominated in the same currency, but we are not always able to do so. As a result of the geographic spread of our operations and due to our reliance on certain products and services priced in currencies other than KRW, our business, results of operations, and financial condition have been and will continue to be impacted by the volatility of the KRW against foreign currencies.

Translational

Coupang, Inc.’s functional currency and reporting currency is the USD. The local and functional currency for our Korean subsidiary, Coupang Corp., which is our primary operating subsidiary, is the KRW. The other subsidiaries predominantly utilize their local currencies as their functional currencies. Assets and liabilities of each subsidiary are translated into USD at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated into USD using average rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Consequently, increases or decreases in the value of the USD affect the value of these items with respect to the non-USD-denominated businesses in the consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency. For example, a stronger USD will reduce the reported results of operations of non-USD-denominated businesses and conversely a weaker USD will increase the reported results of operations of non-USD-denominated businesses. An assumed hypothetical 10% adverse change in average exchange rates used to translate foreign currencies to USD would have resulted in a decline in total net revenues of approximately $557 million and $1.6 billion and an immaterial impact in net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

At this time, we do not, but we may in the future, enter into derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency risk. It is difficult to predict the impact hedging activities would have on our results of operations.

Credit Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents, deposits, and loans with banks and financial institutions are potentially subject to concentration of credit risk. We place cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. The degree of credit risk will vary based on many factors, including the duration of the transaction and the contractual terms of the agreement. As appropriate, management evaluates and approves credit standards and oversees the credit risk management function related to investments.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 26

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), to assess whether they are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 27

Part II.   Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under Note 11 — "Contingencies" in our accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption “Legal Matters” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” of our 2022 Form 10-K which risks could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. No material change in the risk factors discussed in such Form 10-K has occurred. Such risk factors may not be the only ones that we face because our business operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. Our business operations could also be affected by additional factors that apply to all companies operating globally.

Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

c) Trading Plans

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements.

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 28

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit	Provided Herewith	Incorporated by Reference
			Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.		10-Q	001-40115	3.1	November 12, 2021
3.2	Bylaws of the Registrant.		10-Q	001-40115	3.2	November 12, 2021
31.1	Chief Executive Officer Section 302 Certification	X
31.2	Chief Financial Officer Section 302 Certification	X
32.1*	Chief Executive Officer Section 906 Certification	X
32.2*	Chief Financial Officer Section 906 Certification	X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

_____________

+	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan
*	Indicates furnished exhibit

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

COUPANG, INC. (REGISTRANT)
By:	/s/ Jonathan Lee
	Jonathan Lee
	Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

Dated: November 8, 2023

Coupang, Inc. Q3 2023 Form 10-Q 30

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Bom Kim, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Coupang, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2023

COUPANG, INC.
By:	/s/ Bom Kim
	Bom Kim
	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Gaurav Anand, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Coupang, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2023

COUPANG, INC.
By:	/s/ Gaurav Anand
	Gaurav Anand
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

I, Bom Kim, the Chief Executive Officer of Coupang, Inc., certify, to the best of my knowledge and pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Coupang, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Coupang, Inc.

Date: November 8, 2023

By:	/s/ Bom Kim
	Bom Kim
	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

I, Gaurav Anand, the Chief Financial Officer of Coupang, Inc., certify, to the best of my knowledge and pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Coupang, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Coupang, Inc.

Date: November 8, 2023

By:	/s/ Gaurav Anand
	Gaurav Anand
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 02, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40115
Entity Registrant Name	COUPANG, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-2810505
Entity Address, Address Line One	720 Olive Way
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Seattle
Entity Address, State or Province	WA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	98101
City Area Code	206
Local Phone Number	333-3839
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	CPNG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Central Index Key	0001834584
Common class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,612,984,509
Common class B
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		174,802,990

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Total net revenues	$ 6,183,555	$ 5,101,334	$ 17,821,974	$ 15,255,841
Cost of sales	4,617,768	3,867,446	13,312,472	11,824,754
Operating, general and administrative	1,478,303	1,156,468	4,167,601	3,626,515
Total operating cost and expenses	6,096,071	5,023,914	17,480,073	15,451,269
Operating income (loss)	87,484	77,420	341,901	(195,428)
Interest income	50,237	15,403	123,728	26,301
Interest expense	(13,295)	(6,485)	(34,386)	(19,996)
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)	11,224	(19,556)	2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	116,650	97,562	411,687	(186,638)
Income tax expense	25,350	6,883	84,340	7,468
Net income (loss)	$ 91,300	$ 90,679	$ 327,347	$ (194,106)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.18	$ (0.11)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.18	$ (0.11)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic (in shares)	1,784,363	1,767,275	1,779,606	1,762,465
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	1,808,311	1,790,941	1,801,006	1,762,465
Net retail sales
Total net revenues	$ 5,314,683	$ 4,540,393	$ 15,659,829	$ 13,577,665
Net other revenue
Total net revenues	$ 868,872	$ 560,941	$ 2,162,145	$ 1,678,176

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 91,300	$ 90,679	$ 327,347	$ (194,106)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(25,552)	(52,758)	(53,232)	(54,717)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	1,253	243	(7,575)	38,250
Total other comprehensive loss	(24,299)	(52,515)	(60,807)	(16,467)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 67,001	$ 38,164	$ 266,540	$ (210,573)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,857,920	$ 3,509,334
Restricted cash	400,255	176,316
Accounts receivable, net	285,081	184,463
Inventories	1,640,567	1,656,851
Prepaids and other current assets	245,868	303,166
Total current assets	7,429,691	5,830,130
Long-term restricted cash	2,435	1,624
Property and equipment, net	2,200,638	1,819,945
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,484,273	1,405,248
Long-term lease deposits and other	445,732	455,956
Total assets	11,562,769	9,512,903
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable	4,616,045	3,622,332
Accrued expenses	311,886	298,869
Deferred revenue	85,529	92,361
Short-term borrowings	232,094	175,403
Current portion of long-term debt	382,430	128,936
Current portion of long-term operating lease obligations	351,025	325,924
Other current liabilities	526,765	418,681
Total current liabilities	6,505,774	5,062,506
Long-term debt	527,711	537,880
Long-term operating lease obligations	1,295,117	1,233,680
Defined severance benefits and other	305,790	264,924
Total liabilities	8,634,392	7,098,990
Contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' equity
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 1,611,084 and 1,597,804 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 250,000 shares authorized, 174,803 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	179	177
Additional paid-in capital	8,401,998	8,154,076
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(58,588)	2,219
Accumulated deficit	(5,415,212)	(5,742,559)
Total stockholders' equity	2,928,377	2,413,913
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 11,562,769	$ 9,512,903

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common class A
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	1,611,084	1,597,804
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,611,084	1,597,804
Common class B
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000	250,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	174,803	174,803
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	174,803	174,803

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Class A and Class B common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 2,175,957	$ 175	$ 7,874,038	$ (47,739)	$ (5,650,517)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		2	14,996
Equity-based compensation			191,584
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(54,717)			(54,717)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	38,250			38,250
Net income (loss)	(194,106)				(194,106)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	2,171,966	$ 177	8,080,618	(64,206)	(5,844,623)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		1,754,203
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of common units, equity-based compensation plan (in shares)		7,382
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)		7,358
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		1,768,943
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	2,068,096	$ 177	8,014,912	(11,691)	(5,935,302)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options			2,631
Equity-based compensation			63,075
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(52,758)			(52,758)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	243			243
Net income (loss)	90,679				90,679
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	2,171,966	$ 177	8,080,618	(64,206)	(5,844,623)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		1,765,117
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of common units, equity-based compensation plan (in shares)		1,204
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)		2,622
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		1,768,943
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	2,413,913	$ 177	8,154,076	2,219	(5,742,559)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options			7,825
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units		2	(1)
Equity-based compensation			240,098
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(53,232)			(53,232)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	(7,575)			(7,575)
Net income (loss)	327,347				327,347
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	2,928,377	$ 179	8,401,998	(58,588)	(5,415,212)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		1,772,607
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of common units, equity-based compensation plan (in shares)		3,511
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)		9,769
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		1,785,887
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	2,775,477	$ 178	8,316,100	(34,289)	(5,506,512)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options			2,104
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units		1	(1)
Equity-based compensation			83,795
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(25,552)			(25,552)
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined severance benefits, net of tax	1,253			1,253
Net income (loss)	91,300				91,300
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 2,928,377	$ 179	$ 8,401,998	$ (58,588)	$ (5,415,212)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		1,781,269
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net issuance of common units, equity-based compensation plan (in shares)		914
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of restricted stock units (in shares)		3,704
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		1,785,887

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 327,347	$ (194,106)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	197,816	174,063
Provision for severance benefits	117,243	124,056
Equity-based compensation	240,098	191,584
Non-cash operating lease expense	247,938	231,333
Other	99,594	56,536
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(114,032)	(39,325)
Inventories	(86,692)	(288,761)
Other assets	(65,268)	(273,554)
Accounts payable	1,235,365	163,508
Accrued expenses	15,400	(6,359)
Other liabilities	(172,116)	(154,012)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,042,693	(15,037)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(662,273)	(703,074)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	12,461	10,600
Other investing activities	(13,898)	(25,979)
Net cash used in investing activities	(663,710)	(718,453)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, equity-based compensation plan	7,826	14,998
Proceeds from short-term borrowings and long-term debt	416,508	543,185
Repayment of short-term borrowings and long-term debt	(63,654)	(337,071)
Net short-term borrowings and other financing activities	1,222	5,377
Net cash provided by financing activities	361,902	226,489
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(167,549)	(243,132)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	1,573,336	(750,133)
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of beginning of period	3,687,274	3,810,347
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, as of end of period	$ 5,260,610	$ 3,060,214

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Coupang, Inc. (“Coupang”) together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

The unaudited interim financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-04, “Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) - Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” The standard requires entities that use supplier finance programs to make disclosures about the key terms of the program, the balance sheet presentation of the related amounts and disclose the amounts outstanding, including providing a rollforward of such amounts. The adoption of the ASU in the first quarter resulted in incremental disclosures in our condensed consolidated financial statements, with the exception of the rollforward disclosure which will be effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023.

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Net Revenues

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Net Revenues

Net Revenues

Details of total net revenues were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665
Third-party merchant services	708,508		447,868		1,732,240		1,414,768
Other revenue	160,364		113,073		429,905		263,408
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841

This level of revenue disaggregation takes into consideration how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Net retail sales are recognized from online product sales to consumers. Third-party merchant services represent commissions, advertising, logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell their products through our online business, and delivery fees from restaurants. Other revenue includes revenue earned from our Rocket WOW membership program and various other offerings.

Contract liabilities consist of payments in advance of delivery and customer loyalty credits, which are included in deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized revenue of $89 million and $82 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to payments in advance of delivery which were included in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets as of the beginning of the respective years.

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Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

We own and operate a retail business that primarily serves the Korean retail market. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer. We have two operating and reportable segments: Product Commerce and Developing Offerings. These segments are based on how the CODM manages the business, allocates resources, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance.

Product Commerce primarily includes core Korean retail (owned inventory) and marketplace offerings (third-party merchants) and Rocket Fresh, our fresh grocery category offering, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Product Commerce are derived primarily from online product sales of owned inventory to customers in Korea, commissions, and

logistics and fulfillment fees earned from merchants that sell products through our mobile application and website, and from Rocket WOW membership.

Developing Offerings primarily includes more nascent offerings and services, including Coupang Eats, our restaurant ordering and delivery service in Korea, Coupang Play, our online content streaming service in Korea, fintech, our retail operations in Taiwan, as well as advertising products associated with these offerings. Revenues from Developing Offerings are primarily generated from online restaurant ordering and delivery services in Korea and retail operations in Taiwan.

Our segment operating performance measure is segment adjusted EBITDA. Segment adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) before income taxes for a period before depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation expense, interest expense, interest income, and other income (expense), net. Segment adjusted EBITDA also excludes impairments and other items that we do not believe are reflective of our ongoing operations.

We generally allocate operating expenses to the respective segments based on usage. The CODM does not evaluate segments using asset information and, accordingly, we do not report asset information by segment.

Results of operations for the reportable segments and reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenues
Product Commerce	$	5,966,027	$	4,947,174	$	17,305,966	$	14,760,758
Developing Offerings	217,528		154,160		516,008		495,083
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841
Segment adjusted EBITDA
Product Commerce	$	399,494	$	239,222	$	1,095,461	$	339,939
Developing Offerings	(160,822)		(44,303)		(315,646)		(169,720)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	$	238,672	$	194,919	$	779,815	$	170,219
Reconciling items:
Depreciation and amortization	$	(67,393)	$	(54,424)	$	(197,816)	$	(174,063)
Equity-based compensation	(83,795)		(63,075)		(240,098)		(191,584)
Interest expense	(13,295)		(6,485)		(34,386)		(19,996)
Interest income	50,237		15,403		123,728		26,301
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)		11,224		(19,556)		2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	116,650	$	97,562	$	411,687	$	(186,638)

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Equity-based Compensation Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity-based Compensation Plans

Equity-based Compensation Plans

Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”s)

RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Outstanding RSUs
(in thousands, except unit price)	Number of RSUs	Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
December 31, 2022	35,178	$	19.29
Granted	23,760	$	16.36
Vested	(9,769)	$	20.19
Forfeited / cancelled	(3,728)	$	20.41
September 30, 2023	45,441	$	17.47

Equity-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the effects of equity-based compensation in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	3,567	$	3,996	$	10,482	$	11,868
Operating, general and administrative	80,228		59,079		229,616		179,716
Total	$	83,795	$	63,075	$	240,098	$	191,584

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Defined Severance Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Defined Severance Benefits

Defined Severance Benefits

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit costs and the portion of these costs charged to expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Current service costs	$	36,183	$	33,066	$	103,935	$	109,722
Interest cost	3,749		2,446		10,422		5,777
Amortization of:
Prior service credit	817		810		2,473		2,582
Net actuarial loss	392		298		413		5,975
Net periodic benefit cost	$	41,141	$	36,620	$	117,243	$	124,056

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Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income TaxesOur tax provision from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. No income tax benefit was accrued for jurisdictions where we anticipate incurring a loss during the full fiscal year as the related deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance. Our resulting effective tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rate, primarily due to the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, tax credits, the inclusion of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions and other permanent differences.

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Net Income (Loss) per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Net Income (Loss) per ShareWe compute net income (loss) per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings or loss are allocated on a proportionate basis to each class of common stock, and the resulting basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders are therefore the same for Class A and Class B common stock on both an individual and a combined basis. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock and potentially dilutive Class A and Class B potential common shares outstanding during the period.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic	1,784,363		1,767,275		1,779,606		1,762,465
Dilutive effect of equity compensation awards	23,948		23,666		21,400		—
Diluted	1,808,311		1,790,941		1,801,006		1,762,465
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share:
Basic	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Diluted	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Anti-dilutive shares (rounded)	2,000		6,000		4,000		25,000

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Fair Value Measurement

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP established a hierarchy framework to classify the fair value measurement into one of the three levels based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement.

The following table summarizes our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Classification	Measurement Level	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Cash deposits(1)	Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	4,857,920	$	3,509,334
Cash and time deposits	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	320,341	$	99,730
Money market trust	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	79,914	$	76,586
Time deposits	Other current assets	Level 1	$	35,321	$	17,754
Cash and time deposits	Long-term restricted cash	Level 1	$	2,435	$	1,624

(1)Cash deposits includes bank deposits, money market trusts and time deposits. The carrying value approximates fair value because maturities are less than three months.

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Supplemental Financial Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	49,191	$	2,851
Cash paid for interest	$	20,418	$	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	325,381	$	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	321,476	$	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	76,823	$	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	13,585	$	(72,052)

Supplier Financing Arrangements

We have agreements with third-party financial institutions to facilitate participating vendors’ and suppliers’ ability to settle payment obligations from us to designated third-party financial institutions. Participating vendors and suppliers may, at their sole discretion, settle obligations prior to their scheduled due dates at a discounted price to the participating financial institutions. The invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program require payment, in full, based on the original standard invoice terms. Confirmed invoices owed to financial institutions under these programs are included within accounts payable and were $431 million and $337 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Coupang or the financial institutions may terminate the agreement upon given notice.

Fulfillment Center Fire

In June 2021, a fire extensively damaged our Deokpyeong fulfillment center (“FC Fire”) resulting in a loss of the inventory, building, equipment, and other assets at the site.

While we are insured on property losses from the FC Fire, investigations surrounding the fire continue. In September 2023 we received an additional refundable insurance cash advance payment of $59 million. We previously received a refundable cash advance payment in December 2022. We have recorded these refundable advances within other current liabilities when received and have not recognized any insurance benefit in our consolidated statements of operations to date. Whether and to what extent the advances will become non-refundable or additional proceeds will be received is currently unknown.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income includes all changes in equity during a period that have yet to be recognized in income. The major components are foreign currency translation adjustments and actuarial gains (losses) on our defined severance benefits. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the ending balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to foreign currency translation adjustments was $(8) million and $45 million, respectively, and the amount related to actuarial losses on defined severance benefits was $(51) million and $(43) million, respectively.

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Supplemental Financial Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Financial Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	49,191	$	2,851
Cash paid for interest	$	20,418	$	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	325,381	$	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	321,476	$	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	76,823	$	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	13,585	$	(72,052)

Supplier Financing Arrangements

We have agreements with third-party financial institutions to facilitate participating vendors’ and suppliers’ ability to settle payment obligations from us to designated third-party financial institutions. Participating vendors and suppliers may, at their sole discretion, settle obligations prior to their scheduled due dates at a discounted price to the participating financial institutions. The invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program require payment, in full, based on the original standard invoice terms. Confirmed invoices owed to financial institutions under these programs are included within accounts payable and were $431 million and $337 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Coupang or the financial institutions may terminate the agreement upon given notice.

Fulfillment Center Fire

In June 2021, a fire extensively damaged our Deokpyeong fulfillment center (“FC Fire”) resulting in a loss of the inventory, building, equipment, and other assets at the site.

While we are insured on property losses from the FC Fire, investigations surrounding the fire continue. In September 2023 we received an additional refundable insurance cash advance payment of $59 million. We previously received a refundable cash advance payment in December 2022. We have recorded these refundable advances within other current liabilities when received and have not recognized any insurance benefit in our consolidated statements of operations to date. Whether and to what extent the advances will become non-refundable or additional proceeds will be received is currently unknown.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income includes all changes in equity during a period that have yet to be recognized in income. The major components are foreign currency translation adjustments and actuarial gains (losses) on our defined severance benefits. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the ending balance in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to foreign currency translation adjustments was $(8) million and $45 million, respectively, and the amount related to actuarial losses on defined severance benefits was $(51) million and $(43) million, respectively.

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Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

Our short-term borrowings generally include lines of credit and term loan facilities with financial institutions to be utilized for general operating purposes.

In April 2023, we entered into a new one-year $59 million credit loan facility for general operating purposes. The loan bears interest at the average of 91-day CD interest rate plus 4.40%.

In September 2023, we modified our existing one-year term syndicated loan agreement and extended the maturity date to September 2024. The remaining $67 million outstanding bears interest at a rate of 5.56%.

Our long-term debt generally includes revolving credit facilities and various loan agreements for general operating purposes, and term loan facilities. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $910 million and $667 million, respectively, of loans outstanding under these agreements, net of unamortized discounts.

In April 2023, we entered into a new three-year $171 million term loan facility agreement to finance the purchase of a fulfillment center and land. We pledged up to $205 million of certain land and buildings as collateral. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.76%.

Our 2021 revolving credit facility was amended in accordance with the agreement to provide for the replacement of the London Inter-bank offered rate (“LIBOR”) with an alternative benchmark rate. Effective July 1, 2023, the facility replaced the LIBOR rate with the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (“SOFR”). Borrowings under the 2021 revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) a base rate equal to the highest of (A) the prime rate, (B) the higher of the federal funds rate or a composite overnight bank borrowing rate plus 0.50%, or (C) an adjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00% or (ii) an adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin equal to 1.00%. No borrowings have been made under the facility.

Our debt is recorded at amortized cost. The fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on our current interest rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amount of debt approximates its fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due primarily to the interest rates approximating market interest rates.

We were in compliance with the covenants for each of our borrowings and debt agreements as of September 30, 2023.

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Loss Contingency [Abstract]

Contingencies

Contingencies

Legal Matters

From time to time, we may become party to claims, investigations, proceedings, and other litigation, in the ordinary course of business. We assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determine loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, we consider other relevant factors that could impact our ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. Our reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of currently pending legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Litigation

On August 26, 2022, a putative class action was filed on behalf of all purchasers of Coupang Class A common stock pursuant and/or traceable to Coupang’s registration statement issued in connection with our initial public offering. Choi v. Coupang, Inc et al was brought against Coupang, Inc., and certain of its former and current directors, current officers, and certain underwriters of the offering. The action was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging inaccurate and misleading or omitted statements of material fact in Coupang's Registration Statement in violation of Sections 11, 12 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933. The action was amended on May 22, 2023, and added allegations of securities fraud under Sections 10 and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The action seeks unspecified compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees, and reasonable costs and expenses. In August 2023, two separate stockholders’ derivative actions related to the securities class action were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain of Coupang’s former and current directors and current officers. Coupang was named as a nominal defendant in the actions. These derivative actions purport to assert claims on behalf of Coupang and make substantially similar factual allegations to Choi v. Coupang, Inc. et al, bringing claims for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and violations of securities laws. The actions seek compensatory damages, governance reforms, and other relief. We believe all the aforementioned actions are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against them. A reasonable estimate of the amount of any possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of this matter and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

Korean Fair Trade Commission Investigations

On June 28, 2021, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (“KFTC”) initiated an investigation into a potential violation of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (the “Fair Trade Act”), including alleged preferential treatments of private labelled products provided by our subsidiary, Coupang Private Label Business. The KFTC is also investigating us on other matters related to the alleged violations of certain KFTC regulations. We are diligently cooperating with these investigations, and actively defending our practices as appropriate.

Under Korean law, the issues addressed in the investigations can be resolved through civil, administrative, or criminal proceedings. The ultimate case resolution could include fines, orders to alter our processes or procedures, and criminal investigations or charges against individuals or us. We cannot reasonably estimate any penalties, loss or range of loss that may arise from the various KFTC Investigations. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of these matters and no assurance as to whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income (loss)	$ 91,300	$ 90,679	$ 327,347	$ (194,106)

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Coupang, Inc. (“Coupang”) together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting.
Use of Estimates	The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Principles of Consolidation	The unaudited interim financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the results of the interim period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted	Recent Accounting Pronouncements AdoptedIn September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-04, “Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50) - Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” The standard requires entities that use supplier finance programs to make disclosures about the key terms of the program, the balance sheet presentation of the related amounts and disclose the amounts outstanding, including providing a rollforward of such amounts. The adoption of the ASU in the first quarter resulted in incremental disclosures in our condensed consolidated financial statements, with the exception of the rollforward disclosure which will be effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023.

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Net Revenues (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of disaggregation of Revenue

Details of total net revenues were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net retail sales	$	5,314,683	$	4,540,393	$	15,659,829	$	13,577,665
Third-party merchant services	708,508		447,868		1,732,240		1,414,768
Other revenue	160,364		113,073		429,905		263,408
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Results of operations for the reportable segments and reconciliation to income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenues
Product Commerce	$	5,966,027	$	4,947,174	$	17,305,966	$	14,760,758
Developing Offerings	217,528		154,160		516,008		495,083
Total net revenues	$	6,183,555	$	5,101,334	$	17,821,974	$	15,255,841
Segment adjusted EBITDA
Product Commerce	$	399,494	$	239,222	$	1,095,461	$	339,939
Developing Offerings	(160,822)		(44,303)		(315,646)		(169,720)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	$	238,672	$	194,919	$	779,815	$	170,219
Reconciling items:
Depreciation and amortization	$	(67,393)	$	(54,424)	$	(197,816)	$	(174,063)
Equity-based compensation	(83,795)		(63,075)		(240,098)		(191,584)
Interest expense	(13,295)		(6,485)		(34,386)		(19,996)
Interest income	50,237		15,403		123,728		26,301
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)		11,224		(19,556)		2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	116,650	$	97,562	$	411,687	$	(186,638)

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Equity-based Compensation Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of RSU Activity

RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Outstanding RSUs
(in thousands, except unit price)	Number of RSUs	Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
December 31, 2022	35,178	$	19.29
Granted	23,760	$	16.36
Vested	(9,769)	$	20.19
Forfeited / cancelled	(3,728)	$	20.41
September 30, 2023	45,441	$	17.47

Schedule of Equity-Based Compensation

The following table presents the effects of equity-based compensation in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of sales	$	3,567	$	3,996	$	10,482	$	11,868
Operating, general and administrative	80,228		59,079		229,616		179,716
Total	$	83,795	$	63,075	$	240,098	$	191,584

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Defined Severance Benefits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of components of net periodic benefit costs

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit costs and the portion of these costs charged to expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Current service costs	$	36,183	$	33,066	$	103,935	$	109,722
Interest cost	3,749		2,446		10,422		5,777
Amortization of:
Prior service credit	817		810		2,473		2,582
Net actuarial loss	392		298		413		5,975
Net periodic benefit cost	$	41,141	$	36,620	$	117,243	$	124,056

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Net Income (Loss) per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share/Common Unit

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	91,300	$	90,679	$	327,347	$	(194,106)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
Basic	1,784,363		1,767,275		1,779,606		1,762,465
Dilutive effect of equity compensation awards	23,948		23,666		21,400		—
Diluted	1,808,311		1,790,941		1,801,006		1,762,465
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share:
Basic	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Diluted	$	0.05	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	(0.11)
Anti-dilutive shares (rounded)	2,000		6,000		4,000		25,000

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table summarizes our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Classification	Measurement Level	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Financial assets
Cash deposits(1)	Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	4,857,920	$	3,509,334
Cash and time deposits	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	320,341	$	99,730
Money market trust	Restricted cash	Level 1	$	79,914	$	76,586
Time deposits	Other current assets	Level 1	$	35,321	$	17,754
Cash and time deposits	Long-term restricted cash	Level 1	$	2,435	$	1,624

(1)Cash deposits includes bank deposits, money market trusts and time deposits. The carrying value approximates fair value because maturities are less than three months.

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Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash-flow Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	49,191	$	2,851
Cash paid for interest	$	20,418	$	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	325,381	$	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	321,476	$	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	76,823	$	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	13,585	$	(72,052)

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Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash-flow Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash flow Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	49,191	$	2,851
Cash paid for interest	$	20,418	$	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	$	325,381	$	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	321,476	$	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	$	76,823	$	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$	13,585	$	(72,052)

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Net Revenues - Schedule of disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net revenues	$ 6,183,555	$ 5,101,334	$ 17,821,974	$ 15,255,841
Net retail sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net revenues	5,314,683	4,540,393	15,659,829	13,577,665
Third-party merchant services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net revenues	708,508	447,868	1,732,240	1,414,768
Other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net revenues	$ 160,364	$ 113,073	$ 429,905	$ 263,408

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Net Revenues - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred revenue recognized in period	$ 89	$ 82

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Segment Reporting - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	2
Number of reportable segments	2

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Segment Reporting - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total net revenues	$ 6,183,555	$ 5,101,334	$ 17,821,974	$ 15,255,841
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	238,672	194,919	779,815	170,219
Reconciling items:
Equity-based compensation	(83,795)	(63,075)	(240,098)	(191,584)
Interest expense	(13,295)	(6,485)	(34,386)	(19,996)
Interest income	50,237	15,403	123,728	26,301
Other (expense) income, net	(7,776)	11,224	(19,556)	2,485
Income (loss) before income taxes	116,650	97,562	411,687	(186,638)
Operating segments | Product Commerce
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total net revenues	5,966,027	4,947,174	17,305,966	14,760,758
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	399,494	239,222	1,095,461	339,939
Operating segments | Developing Offerings
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total net revenues	217,528	154,160	516,008	495,083
Total segment adjusted EBITDA	(160,822)	(44,303)	(315,646)	(169,720)
Segment reconciling items
Reconciling items:
Depreciation and amortization	(67,393)	(54,424)	(197,816)	(174,063)
Equity-based compensation	(83,795)	(63,075)	(240,098)	(191,584)
Interest expense	(13,295)	(6,485)	(34,386)	(19,996)
Interest income	50,237	15,403	123,728	26,301
Other (expense) income, net	$ (7,776)	$ 11,224	$ (19,556)	$ 2,485

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Equity-based Compensation Plans - RSU Activity (Details) - RSUs	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
RSU outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	35,178,000
Granted (in shares) | shares	23,760,000
Vested (in shares) | shares	(9,769,000)
Forfeited / cancelled (in shares) | shares	(3,728,000)
RSU outstanding, ending balance (in shares) | shares	45,441,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Weighted average grant date fair value of RSU at beginning period (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 19.29
Weighted-average grant date fair value, granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	16.36
Weighted-average grant date fair value, vested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	20.19
Weighted-average grant date fair value, forfeited/cancelled (in usd per share) | $ / shares	20.41
Weighted average grant date fair value of RSU at ending period (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 17.47

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Equity-based Compensation Plans - Schedule of Equity Based Compensation Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense	$ 83,795	$ 63,075	$ 240,098	$ 191,584
Cost of sales
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense	3,567	3,996	10,482	11,868
Operating, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity-based compensation expense	$ 80,228	$ 59,079	$ 229,616	$ 179,716

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Defined Severance Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Current service costs	$ 36,183	$ 33,066	$ 103,935	$ 109,722
Interest cost	3,749	2,446	10,422	5,777
Amortization of:
Prior service credit	817	810	2,473	2,582
Net actuarial loss	392	298	413	5,975
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 41,141	$ 36,620	$ 117,243	$ 124,056

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Net Income (Loss) per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$ 91,300	$ 90,679	$ 327,347	$ (194,106)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic (in shares)	1,784,363	1,767,275	1,779,606	1,762,465
Incremental common shares attributable to dilutive effect of share-based payment arrangements (in shares)	23,948	23,666	21,400	0
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	1,808,311	1,790,941	1,801,006	1,762,465
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.18	$ (0.11)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.18	$ (0.11)
Share-based Payment Arrangement
Denominator:
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of net loss per share (in shares)	2,000	6,000	4,000	25,000

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Fair Value Measurement (Details) - Level 1 - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deposits
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,857,920	$ 3,509,334
Cash and time deposits
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Restricted cash	320,341	99,730
Long-term restricted cash	2,435	1,624
Money market trust
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Restricted cash	79,914	76,586
Time deposits
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Other current assets	$ 35,321	$ 17,754

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Supplemental Financial Information - Supplemental Disclosure of Cash-flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$ 49,191	$ 2,851
Cash paid for interest	20,418	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	325,381	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	321,476	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	76,823	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$ 13,585	$ (72,052)

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Supplemental Financial Information - Supplier Financing Arrangements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Supplier finance program, obligation	$ 431	$ 337

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Supplemental Financial Information - Fulfillment Center Fire (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Proceeds from insurance settlement, operating activities	$ 59

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Supplemental Financial Information - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	$ 2,928,377	$ 2,775,477	$ 2,413,913	$ 2,171,966	$ 2,068,096	$ 2,175,957
Accumulated foreign currency adjustment attributable to parent
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	(8,000)		45,000
Accumulated defined benefit plans adjustment attributable to parent
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	$ (51,000)		$ (43,000)

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Supplemental Financial Information - Supplemental Disclosure of Cash-flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$ 49,191	$ 2,851
Cash paid for interest	20,418	17,142
Cash paid for the amount used to measure the operating lease liabilities	325,381	273,485
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	321,476	355,149
Net increase to operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from remeasurements of lease obligations	76,823	4,637
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase (decrease) in property and equipment-related accounts payable	$ 13,585	$ (72,052)

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Supplemental Financial Information - Supplier Financing Arrangements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Supplier finance program, obligation	$ 431	$ 337
Proceeds from insurance settlement, operating activities	$ 59

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Supplemental Financial Information - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	$ 2,928,377	$ 2,775,477	$ 2,413,913	$ 2,171,966	$ 2,068,096	$ 2,175,957
Accumulated foreign currency adjustment attributable to parent
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	(8,000)		45,000
Accumulated defined benefit plans adjustment attributable to parent
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity attributable to parent	$ (51,000)		$ (43,000)

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jul. 01, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt			$ 910,000	$ 667,000
Property and equipment, net			$ 2,200,638	$ 1,819,945
Line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument term		3 years
Borrowing limit, total initial borrowings		$ 171,000
Fixed interest rate (in percent)		6.76%
Line of credit | February 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Balance drawn	$ 0
Line of credit | February 2024 | Federal funds rate or composite overnight bank borrowings rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable interest rate (in percent)	0.50%
Line of credit | February 2024 | Adjusted One Month SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable interest rate (in percent)	1.00%
Line of credit | February 2024 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable interest rate (in percent)	1.00%
Line of credit | Asset pledged as collateral | Land and building
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net		$ 205,000
Line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument term		1 year	1 year
Borrowing limit, total initial borrowings		$ 59,000
Variable interest rate (in percent)		4.40%
Short-term debt, percentage bearing fixed interest rate (in percent)			5.56%
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity			$ 67,000