Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations for reporting the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q"), and are presented in U.S. dollars.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements.  Any reference in these Notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).  The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Guerrilla RF Operating Corporation, which was merged with and into the Company on May 30, 2023.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  These financial statements have been prepared on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2023 ("2023 Form 10-K").  This report should be read in conjunction with our 2023 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2024.  In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates, and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024 and its results of operations, cash flows, and changes in stockholders' equity (deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.  The results for the three and/or six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any future period or the full year.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.  The Company has elected not to opt out of the extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.  This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  The preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  The Company’s significant estimates and judgments involve the valuation of share-based compensation, and the valuation of equity financing.  Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period balance sheet and cash flow amounts have been reclassified to conform to the Company's fiscal 2024 presentation.  These reclassifications have no impact on the Company's previously reported net loss.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.  The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers

Financial instruments at June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023 that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable.  The Company’s cash is deposited with major financial institutions in the U.S.  At times, deposits in financial institutions located in the U.S. may be in excess of the amount of insurance provided on such deposits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).  To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash deposits.

The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located inside and outside of the U.S.  Major customers are defined as those generating revenue in excess of 10% of the Company’s aggregate annual revenue.  The Company hadone major distributor customer, Richardson RFPD, Inc. ("RFPD").  RFPD, a large product distributor serving numerous end-user customers, accounted for 80% and 82% of product shipment revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  Accounts receivable from RFPD represented 55% and 81% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.  

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily relate to amounts due from customers, which are typically due within 30 to 45 days.  Accounts receivable also include royalty revenue from our one royalty agreement.  The Company provides credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business and evaluates the need for a provision to be added to its allowance for expected credit losses.  The allowance represents the Company’s best estimate of expected credit losses it may experience in the Company’s accounts receivable portfolio.  Management estimates the allowance for expected credit losses based on an ongoing review of existing economic conditions, the financial conditions of the customers, historical trends in credit losses, and the amount and age of past due accounts. The Company does not require collateral or other security for accounts receivable. To reduce credit risk with accounts receivable, the Company performs ongoing evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. The Company establishes an allowance for expected credit losses and other customer claims.  Historically, such losses have been immaterial and within management's expectations; therefore, the Company does not currently have an allowance for expected credit losses.

The Company has a loan facility (the 'Spectrum Loan Facility') with a specialty lender, Spectrum Commercial Services Company, L.L.C ('Spectrum').  The Spectrum Loan Facility provides for advance payments up to $3.75 million, calculated, in part, based on the value of eligible accounts receivable assigned to Spectrum as security for advances under the Spectrum Loan Facility.  As of June 30, 2024, there were $1.4 million of advances outstanding under the Spectrum Loan Facility.  At March 31, 2024, $0.4 million of excess collateral was due from Spectrum, which is included in accounts receivable on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.  See Note 5 for additional discussion on the Spectrum Loan Facility.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes product revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a product or service to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products and services. Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Any shipping and handling fees charged to customers in conjunction with product distribution are reported within revenue. The Company does not have any significant financing components as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale. The Company provides an assurance-type warranty to its customers as part of its contracts' standard terms and conditions, which does not include a right of return for properly functioning products not deemed obsolete. These warranties do not provide an additional distinct service to the customer and are not deemed a separate performance obligation. Royalty revenue is recognized at the later of when the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or the performance obligation to which some or all the sales-based royalties have been allocated are satisfied.

As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $0 and $250 thousand, respectively, of revenue from contracts with customers to be recognized over time as the services are delivered to the customer.  Certain nonrecurring engineering service revenues are recognized over time as the services are delivered to the customer.  As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any contractual liabilities where performance obligations have not yet been satisfied. During the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there was no revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

The costs incurred by the Company for shipping and handling of materials used in its products are classified as cost of revenue in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. Any incidental items that are immaterial in the context of a sale to a customer are recognized as expense.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock options, shares of stock, and restricted stock units ("RSU") awarded to employees and nonemployees based on the estimated fair market value of the award on the grant date.  The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock option awards.  The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs awarded based upon the known fair market value of the underlying shares on the grant date.  The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period.  In addition, the Company accounts for forfeitures of awards as they occur.

Estimating the fair market value of options requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the options, stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Therefore, the assumptions used in the Company’s Black-Scholes option-pricing model represent management’s best estimates and involve many variables, uncertainties, and assumptions, and the application of management’s judgment, as they are inherently subjective.

The Company applies ASU 2018-7, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services.  Share-based awards issued to non-employees are no longer required to be revalued at each reporting period.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as options and warrants, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. For periods prior to the Merger mentioned in Note 1, each of Guerrilla RF’s shares of capital stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Merger was retrospectively converted into approximately 2.95 shares of the Company's common stock. 

In computing basic and diluted net loss per share, the weighted average number of shares is the same for both calculations because a net loss existed for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.  There were 10,040,069 and 6,801,929 weighted average shares outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  All warrants, options, and unvested restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of net loss per share for the periods presented.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of basic shares for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited), as they would be anti-dilutive:

		Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Common stock warrants		2,895,709		824,340
Restricted stock units		588,746		195,187
Stock options		576,298		611,367
		4,060,753		1,630,894

Convertible Debt Instruments

The Company evaluates agreements, including any convertible debt instruments to determine if those agreements or any embedded components of those agreements qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”).  The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record any bifurcated embedded features at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded in earnings as non-operating, non-cash income or expense. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the agreement is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Bifurcated embedded features are recorded at their initial fair values which create additional debt discount to the host instrument.  The Company amortizes the respective debt discount over the term of the notes, using the effective interest method.  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable; and

Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions).

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, such as cash and accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details regarding the valuation technique and assumptions used in valuing Level 3 inputs.

Asset Acquisition

On April 26, 2024, the Company finalized the acquisition of Gallium Semiconductor's entire portfolio of GaN power amplifiers and front-end modules for $0.4 million which was funded by cash on hand. The Company acquired all previously released components as well as new cores under development at Gallium Semiconductor. Additionally, all associated intellectual property (IP) has been transferred to the Company as part of this portfolio acquisition. By integrating these assets, the Company intends to significantly enhance its ongoing efforts to develop and commercialize a new line of GaN devices tailored for wireless infrastructure, military, and satellite communications applications.  The Company did not acquire any employees or facilities. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC Topic 805. The Company recorded a definite-lived developed technology intangible asset of $0.4 million that will be amortized over 10 years. 

Going Concern

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company disclosed conditions and events, when considered in the aggregate, raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Subsequent to June 30, 2024, the Company has taken steps to improve our liquidity. On August 2, 2024, the Company issued 22,000 shares of preferred stock raising proceeds of $21.6 million, net of transaction expenses. Additionally, the Company refinanced its loan facility (the 'Salem Loan Facility') with Salem Investment Partners V, Limited Partnership ('Salem') to (i) reduce the outstanding principal balance from $12.0 million to $4.5 million, (ii) extend the maturity date from January 31, 2026 to December 31, 2028, and (iii) reduce the interest rate from 14% (comprising 3% payment-in-kind (deferred) and 11% cash) to 12% cash. 

Management has assessed the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the financial statement issuance date for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024. Based on the actions described above, the Company has alleviated the substantial doubt previously disclosed and has sufficient liquidity to satisfy our obligations over the next twelve months. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the recognition of an acquired contract liability and to payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer.  The amendments in ASU 2021-08 require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606.  At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. These amendments in ASU 2021-08 became effective for us as of the beginning of our 2024 fiscal year. The Company adopted this accounting guidance effective January 1, 2024. Its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company has reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded they were either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.