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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cytek Biosciences, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cytek Limited (HK), Cytek Biosciences B.V. (Europe), Cytek (Shanghai) Biosciences Co., Ltd., Cytek Biosciences (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., Cytoville Biosciences Shanghai Co., Ltd. and Cytek (Shanghai) Software Development Technology Co., Ltd. and its majority-owned subsidiary, Cytek Japan Kabushiki Kaisha (“Cytek Japan”). The noncontrolling interest is presented in stockholders’ equity (deficit) in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

On July 16, 2021, the Company effected a 1.3333-for-1 stock split of its common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Stock Split”). All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Stock Split for all periods presented.

Variable interest entities and voting interest entities

The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and therefore subject to the consolidation requirements under the VIE model. Only if the entity does not meet the definition of a VIE, the Company will apply the voting interest model (“VOE”) or other applicable GAAP. VOEs are entities in which the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance itself independently and provides the equity holders with the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities. The

Company consolidates VOEs in which it has greater than 50% of the voting shares and that other equity holders do not have substantive voting, participating or liquidation rights. As defined in applicable accounting standards, VIEs are entities that lack one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company consolidates a VIE where it has been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity’s operations. The Company does not currently hold an interest in a VIE.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates.

Covid 19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain as its global impact continues to rapidly evolve. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, which causes the disease known as COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 coronavirus has spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and may continue to impact, the Company’s manufacturing facilities (in Fremont and San Diego, California and Wuxi, China) and its third-party manufacturers and suppliers, which could disrupt its supply chain or the availability or cost of materials. The effects of the public health directives and the Company’s work-from-home policies may negatively impact productivity, disrupt its business and delay Company’s operations, the magnitude of which will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the restrictions and other limitations on the Company’s ability to conduct business in the ordinary course. These and similar, and perhaps more severe, disruptions in the Company’s operations could negatively impact business, results of operations and financial condition, including its ability to obtain financing. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has not incurred impairment losses in the carrying values of its assets as a result of the pandemic and is not aware of any specific related event or circumstances that would require the Company to revise its estimates reflected in these consolidated financial statements.

The Company cannot be certain what the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will be on its business and prospects. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will further directly or indirectly impact its business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and research and development costs will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including variant strains of the virus, the degree of their vaccine resistance and as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain or treat it, and the duration and intensity of the related effects. In addition, the Company could see some limitations on employee resources that would otherwise be focused on its operation including but not limited to sickness of employees or their families, the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people, and increased reliance on working from home. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are adversely impacted for an extended period, the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely affected.

Operating segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating and evaluating financial performance. The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment.

Foreign currency translation and transactions

The Company has determined that the functional and reporting currency for its operations across the globe is the functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries. Accordingly, all foreign balance sheet accounts have been translated into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange at the respective balance sheet date. Components of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income have been translated at the average exchange rate for the year or the reporting period. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit). Gains or losses arising from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consist of money held in demand depositary accounts and money market funds. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents was $364.6 million and $165.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which approximates fair value and was determined based upon Level 1 inputs. The money market account is valued using quoted market prices with no valuation adjustments applied and is categorized as Level 1. The Company limits its credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents by maintaining its bank accounts at major and reputable financial institutions. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance exceeded the federally insured limit of $250,000 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Company classifies restricted cash as current and noncurrent on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based upon the term of the remaining restrictions.

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):


	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Cash	$	18,939	$	10,651
Money market funds		345,679		154,580
Restricted cash		—		888
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows	$	364,618	$	166,119

Trade accounts receivable, net

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company’s customers’ respective financial conditions, the amounts of receivables in dispute and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. To the extent identified, account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. To date, the Company’s customers have primarily been large pharmaceutical companies, biopharmaceutical companies, leading academic research centers and clinical research organizations and therefore, the Company has not had any material write-offs or allowance for doubtful accounts for the presented periods. The following is a summary of the accounts receivables allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


Allowance for doubtful accounts
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—
Addition during the period		175
Utilization of allowance for doubtful accounts		—
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	175
Addition during the period		—
Utilization of allowance for doubtful accounts		(172	)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	3

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory that is obsolete or in excess of forecasted usage is written down to its estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of sales and establish a new cost basis for the inventory. Inventories include raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the depreciable property or, for leasehold improvements, the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Assets not yet placed in use are not depreciated. The Company’s estimated useful lives of its property and equipment are as follows:


		Estimated Useful Lives
Furniture and fixtures		7 years
Laboratory equipment		5 years
Office and computer equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of expected lease term or estimated useful life

Upon sale or retirement of the assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. Expenditures for general maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

In July 2015, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Cytek Development Technology (“Cytek Tech”) involving the acquisition of substantially all assets of Cytek Tech for the aggregate purchase amount of $900,000 in cash and the assumption of Cytek Tech liabilities. The Company recorded goodwill of $476,000 and intangible assets of $476,000 at the transaction date. The addition of goodwill in 2021 is discussed in Note 8, Acquisition.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets resulting from the acquisition of entities are estimated by management based on the fair value of assets received. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Company’s estimated useful lives of its intangible assets are as follows:


		Estimated Useful Lives
Patent		20 years
Trademarks		10 years
Tradename		4 years
Customer relationship		7 years
Reagent licenses		7 years
IP license		5 years

Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets with finite lives include property and equipment and acquired intangible assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets, including acquired intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds these estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but rather tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeding its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to goodwill to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill for all periods presented.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values.

Revenue recognition

The Company’s product revenue consists of sales of its instrument systems and accessories. The Company recognizes product revenue at the point in time when control of the instrument is transferred to the customer.

The Company’s service revenue primarily consists of post-warranty service contracts, installations and repairs, which are recognized over time. Post-warranty service contracts are recognized ratably over the term of the contract and installations and repair services are recognized as they are delivered to the customer.

Revenue is recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for its arrangements with customers, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Invoicing for products occurs upon delivery and payment terms are 30 to 90 days. Service contracts are invoiced upfront and payment terms are generally 30 days. For those arrangements that have terms greater than one year, any payments received upfront are for reasons other than financing. Revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized will not occur in future periods. Variable consideration is not material.

Certain of the Company’s sales contracts involve the delivery or performance of multiple products and services within contractually binding arrangements. The Company has determined these performance obligations qualify as distinct performance obligations, as the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and the Company’s promise to transfer the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. For these arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) method by comparing the SSP of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for products and services sold together in a contract to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

Sales, value-add and other taxes, collected from customers concurrent with revenue generating activities and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

Product revenue

The Company’s standard arrangement for sales to end users is a purchase order or an executed contract. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to the customer, which occurs at a point in time depending on the shipping terms.

The Company’s arrangements with its distributors include a purchase order. The purchase order is governed by terms and conditions set forth in the applicable distribution agreement. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the products to the distributor, which occurs at a point in time depending on the shipping terms.

Service revenue

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of fees invoiced or paid by the Company’s customers for which the associated services have not been performed and revenue has not been recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition criteria described above. Such amounts

are reported as deferred revenue for service and customer deposits for instruments on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue that is expected to be recognized during the following 12 months is recorded as a current liability and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent.

Assurance-type product warranties

The Company provides a one-year assurance-type warranty that is included with the sale of its instruments. At the time revenue is recognized for the products, the Company establishes an accrual for estimated warranty expense based on historical data and trends of product reliability and costs of repairing and replacing defective products. The Company exercises judgment in estimating the expected product warranty costs, using data such as the historical repair costs. While management believes that historical experience provides a reliable basis for estimating such warranty cost, unforeseen quality issues or component failure rates could result in future costs in excess of such estimates, or alternatively, improved quality and reliability in the Company’s products could result in actual expenses that are below those currently estimated.

Deferred offering costs

Deferred offering costs, which consist of direct incremental legal, consulting, banking and accounting fees relating to the Company’s planned initial public offering, are capitalized, and will be offset against proceeds from the IPO upon the effectiveness of the offering. In the event an anticipated offering is terminated, deferred offering costs will be expensed. On July 27, 2021, the Company completed the IPO; accordingly, the Company recognized the initial public offering costs of approximately $5.3 million as a reduction from gross proceeds associated with the IPO through additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Accordingly, there were no deferred offering costs as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020 there were no capitalized deferred offering costs.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses to date consist primarily of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation, independent contractor costs, laboratory supplies, equipment maintenance, materials expenses, and software license fees. Payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses until the related goods or services are received.

Advertising costs

The cost of advertising, marketing and media is expensed as incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, advertising, marketing and media expenses totaled $1.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Stock-based compensation

The Company maintains an equity incentive compensation plan under which incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options to purchase common stock, and restricted stock units for common stock, are granted to employees and non-employee consultants. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock options granted to employees is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company records forfeitures as they occur. The weighted-average assumptions used in estimating the fair value of stock options granted during each of the periods presented are:

Expected Volatility—Expected volatility is estimated by studying the volatility of selected industry peers deemed to be comparable to our business corresponding to the expected term of the awards.

Expected Term—Expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method.

Dividend Yield— The expected dividend yield is zero as we have never declared or paid cash dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issued in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Deferred income taxes comprise the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for income

tax reporting purposes, net operating loss carryforwards, and other tax credit carryforwards measured by applying currently enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance is provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company determines whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company uses a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon tax authority examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company’s policy for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, in interest expense and other expense, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties, if any, are included in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and foreign jurisdictions. The U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions have statutes of limitations that generally range from three to five years. The Company’s federal, state and foreign income tax returns are subject to examination unless the statutes of limitations close. The Company is not currently under examination for federal, state, and foreign income tax purposes.

The Company intends to reinvest its undistributed earnings of its foreign operations. Following enactment of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the repatriation of cash to the United States is generally no longer taxable for federal income tax purposes. However, the repatriation of cash held outside the United States could be subject to applicable foreign withholding taxes and state income taxes. The Company may remit foreign earnings to the United States to the extent it is tax efficient to do so. It does not expect the tax impact from remitting these earnings to be material. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis, and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Net income attributable to common stockholders per share

Basic net income attributable to common stockholders per share and diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per share are computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Net income per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines net income per share for the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock and participating securities. The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock contains participation rights in any dividend paid by the Company and is deemed to be a participating security. The participating securities include a contractual obligation to participate in the income of the Company and are included in the calculation of net income per share in the periods in which net income is recorded.

Diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per share is computed using the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method. The Company allocates earnings first to preferred stockholders based on non-cumulative dividend rights if and when declared and then to common and preferred stockholders based on ownership interests. The weighted-average number of shares of common stock included in the computation of diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including outstanding options and redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per share if their effect is antidilutive.

Business Combinations

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Each acquired company’s operating results are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements starting on the date of acquisition. The purchase price is equivalent to the fair value of consideration transferred. Tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Amounts allocated to assets and liabilities are based upon fair values. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to the identifiable intangible assets. Management makes estimates of fair value based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable and that of a market participant. These estimates are based on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and the estimates are inherently uncertain. The separately identifiable intangible assets generally include customer relationships, trade names, and reagent licenses

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. The Company has, however, elected to early- adopt as permitted certain new or revised accounting standards as of dates that may or may not coincide with the effective dates of public companies. These standards include the following:

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“Topic 606”). Topic 606 and its related amendments supersede Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), issued in June 2010, and provides principles for recognizing revenue for goods and services in a manner consistent with the transfer of control of those goods and services to the customer. The Company adopted the requirements of Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2018 with such adoption not having a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under the modified retrospective method, this guidance is applied to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2019, with no restatement of contracts that were commenced and completed within fiscal years prior to January 1, 2019, and the prior period comparable financial information continues to be presented under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”).

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("Topic 820"), which amends the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, and adding certain disclosures. This new standard was effective for the Company January 1, 2020. This will require application of the new accounting guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption. The Company adopted the requirements of Topic 820 on January 1, 2020 with such adoption not having a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("Topic 740"). The objective of the guidance is to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and to provide more consistent application to improve the comparability of financial statements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance on January 1, 2021, and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as subsequently amended (“Topic 842”), to improve financial reporting and disclosures about leasing transactions. This ASU requires companies that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases, where the lease terms exceed 12 months. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expense and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend primarily on its classification as a finance or operating lease; both types of leases will be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU also requires disclosures to help financial statement users to better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. On June 3, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-05, which amended the effective dates of Topic 842 to give immediate relief from business disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and provides a one-year deferral of the effective date for nonpublic companies. Therefore, for public companies, the effective date is still December 15, 2018, while the effective date for private companies will now be fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. As the Company qualifies as an emerging growth company, the new lease standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2022. The Company will use the optional transition method to the modified retrospective approach in which Topic 842 will not be applied to comparative periods presented and incremental disclosures are not required for periods before the Company’s adoption of Topic 842. The Company has elected this transition approach as well as the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification of contracts entered into prior to January 1, 2022. As a result of electing the package of practical expedients described above, existing leases and related initial direct costs have not been reassessed prior to the effective date, and therefore, adoption of the lease standard did not have an impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated financial statements. The Company also elected the following practical expedients: (i) combining lease and non-lease components for all asset classes and (ii) leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the associated lease payments are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company is also implementing a new software to manage the lease portfolio and perform the accounting required under Topic 842. The Company expects the adoption of Topic 842 will result in the recognition of total right-of-use assets between $13.1 million and $15.0 million and total lease liabilities between $13.7 million and $15.6 million. The Company does not expect the adoption of Topic 842 to have a material impact to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit), or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This new standard is effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.