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FAIR VALUE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

The Company's consolidated financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured based on their estimated fair values. Refer to Note 1 - Description of Business, Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the 2021 Form 10-K for information on the fair value hierarchy, valuation methodologies, and key inputs used to measure financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, as well as methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value disclosures for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis.

The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments included in the consolidated financial statements.


	September 30, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,143,948	$	1,143,948	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	160,926		160,926		—		—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	2,692,820		—		2,692,820		—
Derivative assets, at fair value	316,647		—		295,737		20,910
Servicing rights, at fair value	2,030,026		—		—		2,030,026
Trading securities, at fair value	97,210		—		97,210		—
Loans eligible for repurchase	554,892		—		554,892		—

Liabilities
Warehouse and other lines of credit	$	2,529,436	$	—	$	2,529,436	$	—
Derivative liabilities, at fair value	149,837		26,123		38,086		85,628
Servicing rights, at fair value	16,757		—		—		16,757
Debt obligations:
Secured credit facilities	1,092,977		—		1,094,433		—

Term Notes	199,540		—		200,000		—


Senior Notes	991,187		—		561,900		—
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase	554,892		—		554,892		—


	December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	419,571	$	419,571	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	201,025		201,025		—		—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	8,136,817		—		8,136,817		—
Derivative assets, at fair value	194,665		4,924		5,358		184,383
Servicing rights, at fair value	2,006,712		—		—		2,006,712
Trading securities, at fair value	72,874		—		72,874		—
Loans eligible for repurchase	363,373		—		363,373		—

Liabilities
Warehouse and other lines of credit	$	7,457,199	$	—	$	7,457,199	$	—
Derivative liabilities, at fair value	37,797		31,070		2,964		3,763
Servicing rights, at fair value	7,310		—		—		7,310
Debt obligations:
Secured credit facilities	343,759		—		345,596		—
Term Notes	199,133		—		200,000		—


Senior Notes	1,085,316		—		1,057,977		—
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase	363,373		—		363,373		—

Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy as of the dates indicated.


	September 30, 2022
	Recurring Fair Value Measurements of Assets and Liabilities Using:
	Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value Measurements
Fair value through net income:
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	2,692,820	$	—	$	2,692,820
Trading securities	—		97,210		—		97,210
Derivative assets:
Interest rate lock commitments	—		—		20,910		20,910
Forward sale contracts	—		295,737		—		295,737


Servicing rights	—		—		2,030,026		2,030,026
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	3,085,767	$	2,050,936	$	5,136,703
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate lock commitments	$	—	$	—	$	85,628	$	85,628
Interest rate swap futures	19,480		—		—		19,480
Forward sale contracts	—		38,086		—		38,086
Put options on treasuries	6,643		—		—		6,643

Servicing rights	—		—		16,757		16,757
Total liabilities at fair value	$	26,123	$	38,086	$	102,385	$	166,594


	December 31, 2021
	Recurring Fair Value Measurements of Assets and Liabilities Using:
	Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value Measurements
Fair value through net income:
Assets:
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	8,136,817	$	—	$	8,136,817
Trading securities	—		72,874		—		72,874
Derivative assets:
Interest rate lock commitments	—		—		184,383		184,383
Forward sale contracts	—		5,358		—		5,358
Interest rate swap futures	4,924		—		—		4,924

Servicing rights	—		—		2,006,712		2,006,712
Total assets at fair value	$	4,924	$	8,215,049	$	2,191,095	$	10,411,068
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate lock commitments	$	—	$	—	$	3,763	$	3,763
Forward sale contracts	—		2,964		—		2,964
Put options on treasuries	31,070		—		—		31,070


Servicing rights	—		—		7,310		7,310

Total liabilities at fair value	$	31,070	$	2,964	$	11,073	$	45,107

The following presents the changes in the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	IRLCs, net		Servicing Rights, net		IRLCs, net		Servicing Rights, net
Balance at beginning of period	$	57,605	$	2,204,593	$	180,620	$	1,999,402


Total net gains or losses included in earnings (realized and unrealized)	22,112		140,598		279,266		765,143
Sales and settlements

Sales			(331,922)				(751,276)
Settlements (1)	(102,686)		—		(374,144)		—
Transfers of IRLCs to closed loans	(41,749)		—		(150,460)		—
Balance at end of period	$	(64,718)	$	2,013,269	$	(64,718)	$	2,013,269

(1)Funded amount for IRLCs.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	IRLCs, net		Servicing Rights, net		IRLCs, net		Servicing Rights, net
Balance at beginning of period	$	333,081	$	1,776,395	$	647,045	$	1,124,302


Total net gains or losses included in earnings (realized and unrealized)	640,372		233,166		1,749,343		1,079,525
Sales and settlements

Sales	—		(172,867)		—		(367,133)
Settlements (1)	(558,918)		—		(1,585,368)		—
Transfers of IRLCs to closed loans	(155,325)		—		(551,810)		—
Balance at end of period	$	259,210	$	1,836,694	$	259,210	$	1,836,694

(1)Funded amount for IRLCs.

The following presents the gains and losses included in earnings relating to the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	IRLCs, net (1)		Servicing Rights, net(2)		IRLCs, net (1)		Servicing Rights, net(3)


Total net (losses) gains included in earnings	$	(122,323)	$	140,598	$	(245,338)	$	765,143

Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets and liabilities still held at period end	$	(64,718)	$	150,534	$	(64,718)	$	683,413

(1)Gains (losses) included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net.

(2)Includes $124.2 million in gains included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net and $16.4 million of gains included in change in fair value of servicing rights, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

(3)Includes $574.5 million in gains included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net and $190.7 million of gains included in change in fair value of servicing rights, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.














	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	IRLCs, net (1)		Servicing Rights, net(2)		Interest Rate Lock Commitments(1)		Servicing Rights, net(3)


Total net (losses) gains included in earnings	$	(73,871)	$	233,166	$	(387,835)	$	1,079,525

Change in unrealized gains relating to assets and liabilities still held at period end	$	259,210	$	326,527	$	259,210	$	1,126,433

(1)(Losses) gains included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net.

(2)Includes $345.9 million in gains included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net and $112.7 million in losses included in change in fair value of servicing rights, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(3)Includes $1.3 billion in gains included in gain on origination and sale of loans, net and $223.4 million of losses included in change in fair value of servicing rights, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The following table presents quantitative information about the valuation techniques and unobservable inputs applied to Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
Unobservable Input	Range of inputs			Weighted Average (2)	Range of inputs			Weighted Average (2)
IRLCs:
Pull-through rate	6.2%	-	99.9%	80.2%	0.3%	-	99.3%	74.2%

Servicing rights
Discount rate(1)	4.9%	-	14.9%	6.3%	4.5%	-	9.0%	5.8%
Prepayment rate(1)	5.5%	-	19.0%	7.0%	8.4%	-	18.7%	10.2%
Cost to service (per loan)	$62	-	$143	$86	$70	-	$114	$82

(1)The Company estimates the fair value of MSRs using an option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) model, which projects MSR cash flows over multiple interest rate scenarios in conjunction with the Company’s prepayment model, and then discounts these cash flows at risk-adjusted rates.

(2)Weighted average inputs are based on the committed amounts for IRLCs and the UPB of the underlying loans for servicing rights.

Financial Statement Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company did not have any material assets or liabilities that were recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Financial Statement Items Measured at Amortized Cost

Warehouse and other lines of credit - The Company’s warehouse and other lines of credit bear interest at a rate that is periodically adjusted based on a market index. The carrying value of warehouse and other lines of credit approximates fair value.

Debt obligations, net - Debt consists of secured credit facilities, Term Notes, and Senior Notes. The Company’s secured credit facilities and Term Notes accrue interest at a stated base rate, plus a margin, they are highly liquid and short-term in nature and as a result, their carrying value approximated fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Fair value of the Company’s Senior Notes issued in October 2020 and March 2021 were estimated using the quoted market prices at September 30, 2022. The debt obligations are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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