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BASIS OF PRESENTATION, RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
BASIS OF PRESENTATION, RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the preceding unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated statement of financial condition as of March 31, 2021, its consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, its consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, its consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and its consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In addition, the preceding unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, as well as in accordance with predominant practices within the banking industry. They do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the remainder of the year.

All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to the Company include the Company and the Bank on a consolidated basis.
Risks and Uncertainties
Risks and Uncertainties

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, local, national and global economic activity. Actions taken to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, quarantines and government-mandated closures of various businesses. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant disruptions to the economy and has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates.

Also, in March 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the targeted federal funds interest rate range to between zero and 0.25 percent and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted to, among other things, provide emergency assistance for individuals, families and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The reductions in interest rates and other effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in future periods. It is unknown how long the adverse conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will last and what the complete financial impact will be to the Company. It is possible that estimates made in the financial statements could be materially and adversely impacted due to these conditions, including estimates regarding expected credit losses on loans receivable and impairment of goodwill.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Allowance for Loan Losses – The Company considers the determination of the allowance for loan losses its most critical accounting policy, practice and use of estimates. The Company uses available information to recognize probable and reasonably estimable losses on loans. Future additions to the allowance may be necessary based upon changes in economic, market or other conditions. Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the allowance. The allowance for loan losses is increased by a provision for loan losses charged against income and is decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loan losses are recognized in the period the loans, or portion thereof, are deemed uncollectible. The adequacy of the allowance to cover any inherent loan losses in the portfolio is evaluated on a quarterly basis.
Loans and Loan Interest Income Recognition
Loans and Loan Interest Income Recognition - Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff, are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs and an allowance for loan losses. The loan portfolio is segmented into residential real estate, multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial loans and consumer loans.

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to income as earned. Net loan origination fees and costs are deferred and accreted/amortized to interest income over the loan’s contractual life using the level-yield method, adjusted for actual prepayments.

Loans that are acquired are initially recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, losses are recognized through the allowance for loan losses. Determining the fair value of the loans involves estimating the amount and timing of expected principal and interest cash flows to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at a market interest rate. The Company has two loans which, at the time of acquisition, showed evidence of credit deterioration since origination. Purchased credit impaired loans were not material at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans Held for Sale - Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Periodically, the Company originates various residential mortgage loans for sale to investors generally on a servicing released basis. The sale of such loans is generally arranged through a master commitment on a best-efforts basis. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Premiums, discounts, origination fees and costs on loans held for sale are deferred and recognized as a component of the gain or loss on sale. Gains and losses on sales of loans held for sale are included in other income, recognized on settlement date and are determined to be the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the loans. These transactions are accounted for as sales based on satisfaction of the criteria for such accounting which provides that, as transferor, the Company has surrendered control of the loans.

For liquidity purposes generally, there are instances when loans originated with the intent to hold in portfolio are subsequently transferred to loans held for sale. At transfer, they are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
Recent Accounting Developments
Recent Accounting Developments

Adoption of New Accounting Standards – In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), “Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments in this ASU were effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The amendments are to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The fair value disclosures were updated with the Company’s 2020 adoption of ASU 2018-13, with no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” The amendments in this ASU simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The ASU also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. For non-public entities, ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 with early adoption permitted. The amendments are to be applied on a prospective basis. An entity is required to disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle upon transition within the first annual period when the entity initially adopts the amendments. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on October 1, 2019 and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill under the new method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which sets forth a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the incurred loss model and will apply to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. For the Company, an emerging growth company electing to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has been gathering data and will be evaluating data and system requirements to implement this standard. The Company cannot yet determine the overall impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which amended existing guidance that requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, the lessor accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For the Company, an emerging growth company electing to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early application permitted. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the adoption impact of ASU 2016-02 on the consolidated financial statements. Based on leases outstanding at March 31, 2021, the Company does not expect adoption to have a material impact on the income statement but does anticipate a material impact to the Company’s consolidated statement of financial condition as a result of recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.