Exhibit 96.6
AMENDED INITIAL ASSESSMENT
TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY
for the
GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY
MINERAL COUNTY, NEVADA
for
GRC NEVADA INC.
(a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortitude Gold Corp.)
Signed by:
FRED H. BROWN, PGeo
Consulting Geologist, Independent
BARRY D. DEVLIN, PGeo
Vice President, Exploration, Fortitude Gold Corp.
JOY L. LESTER, SME-RM
Chief Geologist, Fortitude Gold Corp.
Effective Date:September 30, 2021
Report Date:November 9, 2021
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 10 | ||
| 1.1 | Introduction | 10 | |
| 1.2 | Property Description and Ownership | 10 | |
| 1.3 | Geology and Mineralization | 11 | |
| 1.4 | Exploration | 12 | |
| 1.5 | Metallurgical Testing | 12 | |
| 1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimates | 13 | |
| 1.7 | Interpretation and Conclusions | 14 | |
| 1.8 | Recommendations | 15 | |
2 | INTRODUCTION | 17 | ||
| 2.1 | Terms of Reference and Purpose of Report | 17 | |
| 2.2 | Qualifications of Qualified Persons | 17 | |
| 2.3 | Details of Inspection | 19 | |
| 2.4 | Sources of Information | 19 | |
| 2.5 | Effective Date | 19 | |
| 2.6 | Units of Measure | 19 | |
3 | PROPERTY DESCRIPTION | 20 | ||
| 3.1 | Property Location | 20 | |
| 3.2 | Mineral Titles | 21 | |
| 3.3 | Royalties, Agreements and Encumbrances | 31 | |
| 3.4 | Environmental Liabilities and Permitting | 31 | |
| | 3.4.1 | Environmental Liabilities | 31 |
| | 3.4.2 | Required Permits and Status | 32 |
| 3.5 | Other Significant Factors and Risks | 34 | |
4 | ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY | 35 | ||
| 4.1 | Topography, Elevation and Vegetation | 35 | |
| 4.2 | Accessibility and Transportation to the Property | 35 | |
| 4.3 | Climate | 36 | |
| 4.4 | Sufficiency of Surface Rights | 36 | |
| 4.5 | Infrastructure Availability and Sources | 37 | |
| | 4.5.1 | Power | 37 |
| | 4.5.2 | Water | 37 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
5 | HISTORY | 38 | ||||
| 5.1 | Prior Ownership and Ownership Changes | 38 | |||
| 5.2 | Historical Exploration and Development | 39 | |||
| | 5.2.1 | Early Exploration Work | 41 | ||
| | 5.2.2 | Teck | 43 | ||
| | 5.2.3 | Cordex | 44 | ||
| | 5.2.4 | Portage | 47 | ||
| | 5.2.5 | Roscan | 47 | ||
| | 5.2.6 | NMPII | 48 | ||
| | 5.2.7 | Kinross | 48 | ||
| 5.3 | Geophysics | 51 | |||
| 5.4 | Historical Production | 53 | |||
6 | GEOLOGICAL SETTING, MINERALIZATION AND DEPOSIT | 54 | ||||
| 6.1 | Regional Geology | 54 | |||
| 6.2 | Local and Property Geology | 57 | |||
| | 6.2.1 | Lithology | 60 | ||
| | | 6.2.1.1 | Sedimentary Rocks | 60 | |
| | | 6.2.1.2 | Volcanic Rocks | 61 | |
| | | 6.2.1.3 | Intrusive Rocks | 62 | |
| | 6.2.2 | Structural Geology | 63 | ||
| | 6.2.3 | Alteration and Mineralization | 68 | ||
| | | 6.2.3.1 | Main Zone | 68 | |
| | | 6.2.3.2 | Stockwork Zones | 69 | |
| | | 6.2.3.3 | Detailed Description of Skarn Alteration | 69 | |
| | | | 6.2.3.3.1 | Exoskarn | 70 |
| | | | 6.2.3.3.2 | Endoskarn | 71 |
| | 6.2.4 | Petrography | 74 | ||
| 6.3 | Deposit | 79 | |||
| | 6.3.1 | Extents and Continuity | 79 | ||
7 | EXPLORATION | 81 | ||||
| 7.1 | Exploration Work by GRCN | 81 | |||
| | 7.1.1 | Remote Sensing | 82 | ||
| 7.2 | Drilling | 83 | |||
| | 7.2.1 | Core Drilling | 83 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
| | 7.2.2 | RC Drilling | 84 | |
| 7.3 | Downhole Surveying | 84 | ||
| 7.4 | GRCN Drilling Results | 84 | ||
| | 7.4.1 | Core Drilling Results | 85 | |
| | 7.4.2 | RC Drilling Results | 87 | |
| 7.5 | Interpretation | 89 | ||
8 | SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY | 91 | |||
| 8.1 | Historic Procedures | 91 | ||
| | 8.1.1 | Cordex 2006 | 91 | |
| | 8.1.2 | Roscan 2011 | 92 | |
| 8.2 | GRCN Procedures | 92 | ||
| | 8.2.1 | Security Measures | 92 | |
| | 8.2.2 | Sample Preparation and Analysis | 93 | |
| | 8.2.3 | Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures | 93 | |
| | 8.2.4 | Check Assays | 99 | |
| 8.3 | Opinion on Adequacy | 100 | ||
9 | DATA VERIFICATION | 101 | |||
| 9.1 | Historic Property Evaluation and Data Verification | 101 | ||
| | 9.1.1 | Teck | 101 | |
| | 9.1.2 | Cordex | 101 | |
| | 9.1.3 | Portage | 102 | |
| 9.2 | GRCN Data Verification | 103 | ||
| | 9.2.1 | GRCN Check Samples | 103 | |
| | 9.2.2 | Drilling Database | 105 | |
| 9.3 | Opinion on Data Adequacy | 105 | ||
10 | MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING | 106 | |||
| 10.1 | Historic Metallurgical Testing | 106 | ||
| 10.2 | GRCN Metallurgical Testing | 108 | ||
| | 10.2.1 | GRCN Initial Cyanide Bottle Roll Leach Testing | 108 | |
| | 10.2.2 | Metallic Screen Assays | 109 | |
| | 10.2.3 | 2021 Metallurgical Testing (KCA) | 111 | |
| | | 10.2.3.1 | Head Analyses | 111 |
| | | 10.2.3.2 | Head Screen Analysis with Assays by Size Fraction | 116 |
| | | 10.2.3.3 | Comminution Test Work | 118 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
| | | 10.2.3.4 | Characterization Test Work | 118 | ||
| | | 10.2.3.5 | Agglomeration Test Work | 119 | ||
| | | 10.2.3.6 | Percent Slump and Final Apparent Bulk Density | 120 | ||
| | | 10.2.3.7 | Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests | 121 | ||
| | | 10.2.3.8 | Column Leach Test Work | 125 | ||
| 10.3 | Opinion on Adequacy | 127 | ||||
11 | MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES | 128 | |||||
| 11.1 | Introduction | 128 | ||||
| 11.2 | Mineral Resource Definitions | 128 | ||||
| | 11.2.1 | Inferred Mineral Resource | 129 | |||
| | 11.2.2 | Indicated Mineral Resource | 129 | |||
| | 11.2.3 | Measured Mineral Resource | 129 | |||
| 11.3 | Database | 129 | ||||
| | 11.3.1 | Drill Data | 131 | |||
| 11.4 | Bulk Density | 132 | ||||
| 11.5 | Wireframe Modeling | 133 | ||||
| | 11.5.1 | Topography | 133 | |||
| | 11.5.2 | Mineralization Envelopes | 135 | |||
| 11.6 | Compositing | 135 | ||||
| 11.7 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 136 | ||||
| 11.8 | Treatment of Extreme Values | 137 | ||||
| 11.9 | Continuity Analysis | 139 | ||||
| 11.10 | Block Model | 140 | ||||
| 11.11 | Estimation and Classification | 140 | ||||
| 11.12 | Mineral Resource Estimate | 142 | ||||
| 11.13 | Mineral Resource Estimate Sensitivity | 143 | ||||
| 11.14 | Risk Factors | 144 | ||||
| 11.15 | Opinion on Adequacy | 144 | ||||
12 | MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES | 145 | |||||
13 | MINING METHODS | 146 | |||||
14 | PROCESSING AND RECOVERY METHODS | 147 | |||||
15 | INFRASTRUCTURE | 148 | |||||
16 | MARKET STUDIES | 149 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
17 | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING, AND PLANS, NEGOTIATIONS, OR AGREEMENTS WITH LOCAL INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS | 150 | ||
18 | CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS | 151 | ||
19 | ECONOMIC ANALYSIS | 152 | ||
20 | ADJACENT PROPERTIES | 153 | ||
| 20.1 | Registrant Properties | 153 | |
| | 20.1.1 | Mina Gold | 154 |
| 20.2 | Adjacent Properties | 154 | |
21 | OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION | 155 | ||
22 | INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS | 156 | ||
| 22.1 | Interpretation | 156 | |
| 22.2 | Conclusions | 157 | |
23 | RECOMMENDATIONS | 159 | ||
| 23.1 | Proposed Exploration Program | 159 | |
| 23.2 | Proposed Technical Studies | 161 | |
24 | REFERENCES | 162 | ||
25 | RELIANCE ON INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE REGISTRANT | 165 | ||
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY | 166 | |||
| A.1 | Definition of Terms | 166 | |
| A.2 | Abbreviations | 168 | |
APPENDIX B: CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERSONS | 170 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Mineral Resource Inventory at Golden Mile, Mineral County, NV, USA | 14 |
Table 1.2 Budget for Proposed Exploration Work at the Golden Mile Property | 16 |
Table 1.3 Budget for Proposed Technical Studies at the Golden Mile Property | 16 |
Table 3.1 List of Unpatented Lode Mineral Claims for the Golden Mile Property | 22 |
Table 3.2 List of Patented Mineral Claims for the Golden Mile Property | 31 |
Table 5.1 Summary of Historic Drilling Completed at the Golden Mile Property | 40 |
Table 5.2 Summary of Significant Historic Drilling Intercepts* | 41 |
Table 5.3 Teck Significant Surface Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au) | 44 |
Table 5.4 Cordex Significant Surface Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au) | 45 |
Table 5.5 Significant Results from Cordex Drilling | 46 |
Table 5.6 Significant Results from Roscan Drilling | 48 |
Table 5.7 Significant Results from Kinross Drilling 2017-2019 | 49 |
Table 5.8 Comparing average assay values for various parts of the Golden Mile Stock | 51 |
Table 5.9 1936 Production Assays | 53 |
Table 6.1 Summary Table of Petrography on Samples from Golden Mile | 76 |
Table 7.1 Summary of GRCN Drilling Completed at the Golden Mile Property | 85 |
Table 7.2 Significant Results for GRCN 2020-2021 Core Drilling at Golden Mile | 86 |
Table 7.3 Significant Results for GRCN 2021 RC Drilling at Golden Mile | 88 |
Table 8.1 GRCN 2020-2021 Standard Reference Material (SRM) | 93 |
Table 8.2 GRCN 2020-2021 QA/QC SRM Results for DDH Drill Holes | 94 |
Table 8.3 GRCN 2020-2021 QA/QC Blanks Results for DDH Drill Holes | 95 |
Table 8.4 2020-2021 SRM Failures | 97 |
Table 8.5 2020-2021 Blank Material Failures | 98 |
Table 9.1 Cordex Significant Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au) | 102 |
Table 9.2 Portage Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au) | 103 |
Table 9.3 GRCN Rock Chip Check Samples | 104 |
Table 10.1 Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests on Pulverized Material | 107 |
Table 10.2 GRCN Initial Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests on Pulverized Material | 107 |
Table 10.3 Metallic Screen Assays on Pulverized Material | 110 |
Table 10.4 Golden Mile Composite Core Samples Selected for Metallurgical Testing | 111 |
Table 10.5 Gold Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites | 112 |
Table 10.6 Silver Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites | 112 |
Table 10.7 Mercury and Copper Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites | 112 |
Table 10.8 Carbon and Sulfur Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites | 113 |
Table 10.9 Head Analyses – Multi-Element | 114 |
Table 10.10 Head Analyses - Whole Rock | 115 |
Table 10.11 Head Analyses – Cyanide Shake Tests | 116 |
Table 10.12 Summary of Head Screen Analyses | 117 |
Table 10.13 Summary of Comminution Test Work | 118 |
Table 10.14 Summary of QXRD Analyses | 118 |
Table 10.15 Summary of Agglomeration Test Work | 120 |
Table 10.16 Percent Slump and Final Apparent Bulk Density | 120 |
Table 10.17 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Gold-and Silver Test Results | 122 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Table 10.18 Summary of Metal Extractions and Chemical Consumptions – Gold | 126 |
Table 10.19 Summary of Metal Extractions and Chemical Consumptions – Silver | 126 |
Table 11.1 Golden Mile Drill Hole Database Summary | 130 |
Table 11.2 Golden Mile Assay Database Summary | 130 |
Table 11.3 Summary Assay Statistics | 132 |
Table 11.4 GCP Geolocation Errors | 134 |
Table 11.5 Constrained Composite Statistics for Gold Values | 136 |
Table 11.6 Capping Thresholds | 139 |
Table 11.7 Block Model Setup | 140 |
Table 11.8 Parameters Used for Mineral Resources Cutoff Calculation | 142 |
Table 11.9 Mineral Resource Inventory at Golden Mile, Mineral County, Nevada, USA | 143 |
Table 11.10 Cutoff Grade Sensitivity for the Golden Mile Deposit | 143 |
Table 11.11 Mineral Resource Estimation Risk Factors | 144 |
Table 23.1 Budget for Proposed Exploration at Golden Mile Property | 160 |
Table 23.2 Budget for Proposed Technical Studies at Golden Mile Property | 161 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 General Location Map of the Golden Mile Property | 21 |
Figure 3.2 Golden Mile Property Mineral Claims Map | 22 |
Figure 3.3 Hydrographic Basins in the Golden Mile Property area | 34 |
Figure 4.1 Golden Mile Property Access | 36 |
Figure 5.1 Location Map of Historic Drill Holes Completed on the Golden Mile Property | 40 |
Figure 5.2 Photos looking North at Main Zone of Golden Mile Property | 42 |
Figure 5.3 Location Map of Geophysical Surveys Completed on the Golden Mile Property | 52 |
Figure 6.1 Generalized Geologic Map of Nevada showing location of Golden Mile Property | 55 |
Figure 6.2 Shaded relief map of western North America with state boundaries in white | 56 |
Figure 6.3 Geologic Map of the Golden Mile Property Area | 58 |
Figure 6.4 Schematic cross-section looking northeast at Golden Mile | 59 |
Figure 6.5 Geologic Map of the Main Zone Deposit Area of the Golden Mile Property | 59 |
Figure 6.6 Stratigraphic Column showing Geology and Alteration at the Golden Mile Property | 60 |
Figure 6.7 Magnetite-Copper Skarn of the Main Zone at Golden Mile | 61 |
Figure 6.8 Road Fault mylonite breccia (Hole GMDD-13 @ 315 ft) | 64 |
Figure 6.9 3D Structural Interpretation of the Southwest, Central and Northeast Structural Grade Zones of the Main Zone at Golden Mile | 65 |
Fig. 6.10 Examples of high-grade gold intercepts from the Center Grade Zone | 66 |
Figure 6.11 Conceptual Structural Model showing the structural fabrics of faults and veins related to splays the dextral-slip Road Fault model | 67 |
Figure 6.12 Alteration and Mineralization Types Observed at Golden Mile | 73 |
Figure 6.13 Photomicrographs of Typical Skarn from Golden Mile (Sample GR-427 | 78 |
Figure 6.14 Conceptual Model for Formation of the Golden Mile Deposit | 80 |
Figure 7.1 Resource Areas and Drill Ready Targets Identified on the Golden Mile Property | 81 |
Figure 7.2 Golden Mile Property Map Highlighting Hydrothermal Alteration and Exploration Target Areas | 83 |
Figure 7.3 Location Map for Diamond Core (including MET) and RC Holes Drilled by GRCN at the Main Zone of the Golden Mile Property | 85 |
Figure 8.1 2020-2021 SRM Performance for DDH | 97 |
Figure 8.2 2020-2021 SRM Performance for RC | 98 |
Figure 8.3 2020-2021Blank Material Performance | 99 |
Figure 8.4 Au Field Duplicate Control Plot | 100 |
Figure 8.5 Au Min Max Field Duplicate Control Plot | 100 |
Figure 9.1 Location Map of GRCN Rock Chip Check Samples Collected from the Golden Mile Property | 104 |
Figure 10.1 Example of Cyanide Bottle Roll Test Results for GRCN Check Sample #3082802 | 109 |
Figure 10.2 Head Screen Analyses Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Passing Crush Size | 117 |
Figure 10.3 Overall Gold Extraction for the Golden Mile Bottle Roll Tests | 123 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Figure 10.4 Bottle Roll Test Results Showing % Gold Extraction During Leach Period | 124 |
Figure 10.5 Bottle Roll Test Results Showing % Silver Extraction During Leach Period | 124 |
Figure 10.6 Column Leach Test Apparatus | 125 |
Figure 10.7 Cyanide Leach Test Work. Gold Extraction vs. Days of Leach | 126 |
Figure 11.1 3D Isometric View Looking Northwest at Golden Mile Drill Holes | 131 |
Figure 11.2 Plot of RQD vs. Elevation | 133 |
Figure 11.3 Aerial Photometry with Ground Control Points | 134 |
Figure 11.4 3D Isometric Geologic Model View Looking Northwest showing the Main Zone are of the Golden Mile Property | 135 |
Figure 11.5 Plot of Constrained Assay Sample Lengths | 136 |
Figure 11.6 RC vs. DDH Drilling Results | 137 |
Figure 11.7 Log-Probability Plots of Composite Capping Thresholds | 138 |
Figure 11.8 Main Zone Variography | 139 |
Figure 11.9 Typical Cross-section of Golden Mile Main Zone Looking NW Showing Gold Grades | 141 |
Figure 11.10 3D Isometric View of the Optimized Pit Shell for Golden Mile Deposit | 143 |
Figure 20.1 Map of the Properties in the Vicinity of the Golden Mile Property | 153 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
1 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1 | Introduction |
This is an Amended Initial Assessment Technical Report Summary (TRS) for GRC Nevada Inc. (GRCN), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortitude Gold Corporation (FGC), on its 100%-controlled Golden Mile property, an advanced exploration property in Mineral County, Nevada. The report provides a summary of the detailed assessment of Mineral Resources and other relevant considerations of the Golden Mile property.
On October 31, 2018, the SEC announced that it was adopting amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the new rules (“New Rules”), a registrant with material mining operations must disclose specified information in Securities Act and Exchange Act filings concerning its Mineral Resources, in addition to its Mineral Reserves. The new rules required a registrant to comply with the new rules during its first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. GRCN and FGC have adopted the New Rules as required and will disclose the estimate of resources contained herein in a future SEC filing.
1.2 | Property Description and Ownership |
The Golden Mile property is located within the Bell Mining District (also known as the Cedar Mountain District), Mineral County, west-central Nevada. The property lies along the northeast foothills of the Cedar Mountain Range and the closest towns with full services are Hawthorne located 80 km (50 mi) to the west and Tonopah located 88 km (55 mi) to the southeast. The property has good connections to the infrastructure of west-central Nevada, with access roads to the property linking to Nevada state route 361 and US Route 95, the main highway between Reno and Las Vegas. The approximate center of the Main Zone deposit area on the Golden Mile property is Latitude 38° 30.69' North and Longitude 117° 45.98'W.
The property area covers approximately 4,780 hectares (11,811 acres) and consists of 599 contiguous unpatented lode mineral claims and 5 patented mineral claims, 4 owned and one leased. The unpatented claims are situated on land owned by the U.S. government and administered by the BLM. There are no Tribal, State of Nevada or U.S. Forest Service lands within the property area.
GRCN controls 100% interest in all unpatented claims and 4 of the patented claims comprising the Golden Mile property, subject to a net smelter return royalty (NSR) of 3% on future production from the property claims. A separate, single patented claim (Copper Queen) is held under lease by GRCN. This lease has annual advance royalty payments of $10,000 and a 3% NSR payable to the lessors.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
1.3 | Geology and Mineralization |
The Golden Mile property is located in the central portion of the Walker Lane trend, a major northwest-aligned structurally deformed zone on the western border of Nevada characterized by a series of closely spaced dextral strike-slip faults active throughout much of the middle to late Cenozoic. It is a complex accommodation zone up to 300 km (186 mi) wide and approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) long positioned between the western boundary of the extensional Basin and Range Province and the Sierra Nevada microplate. This area remains tectonically active at present.
Regionally, the Golden Mile property is situated along the eastern flanks of the Cedar Mountains. The Cedar Mountains are underlain by Triassic to Jurassic aged carbonates and clastic rocks which have been intruded by Cretaceous to Tertiary diorite to granitic intrusive rocks. Quartz monzonite intrusives are most common. These rocks are overlain by Miocene to Pliocene age rhyolitic to basaltic volcanics and volcaniclastics. Miocene-Pliocene lake beds, including diatomite deposits, lap onto the edge of the range. Quaternary alluvium largely consisting of alluvial fans spreading from major drainages into adjacent valleys covers much of region. Large-scale folding of basement rocks have been mapped within the range which may be associated with the Sevier Orogeny. The main regional structure is an easterly plunging overturned syncline traceable 13 km (8 mi) to the east. Principal faults on a regional scale are Tertiary-aged northwest-trending strike-slip faults associated with the Walker Lane trend.
Locally, the oldest rocks are the Triassic Luning Formation, a thin bedded to massive sedimentary sequence of calcareous siltstone, thin- to medium-bedded limestone and dolomitic limestone, argillite and sandstone. The Luning Formation is unconformably overlain by Jurassic-age siliciclastic and lesser calcareous sedimentary rocks of the Dunlap Formation. Both formations have been folded with bedding that is now steeply- to sub-vertically inclined.
The sedimentary units have been intruded by various granitoid stocks, sills and dikes that include quartz diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and felsic quartz-feldspar porphyry. The intrusive rocks play a role in the gold mineralization. The property is locally covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks, consisting mostly of a bimodal suite of felsic to mafic flows and tuffs.
Gold mineralization is variably associated with various skarn styles of mineralization, dominantly as calc-silicate skarn, magnetite skarn, more structurally controlled sericitic equivalents, and in limonite-calcite-silica stockworks within the distal brittle host rocks. Copper accompanies the gold mineralization associated with magnetite skarn locally. The magnetite skarn in the area known as the “Main Zone” at Golden Mile was the primary source of the limited amount of historical production on the property. Recent studies, however, suggest that steep, NW-SE striking structures may be the first order control of economic gold mineralization.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
1.4 | Exploration |
The Golden Mile property has had a considerable amount of recent exploration activity including mapping, surface and underground sampling, geophysical surveys and drilling. A total of 20,158.2 m (66,131 ft) of air rotary, reverse circulation (RC), and diamond core drilling has been performed at the Golden Mile property prior to acquisition by GRCN. This included work by Standard Slag, the Elmwood JV, Battle Mountain, USMX, Teck, Cordex, Roscan and Kinross companies. The vast majority of the drilling has been directed towards the Main Zone, located on the patented mineral claims.
Prior to GRCN’s acquisition, Kinross Gold USA Inc. (Kinross) had identified at least 11 gold prospect sites on the Golden Mile property. Upon acquisition, GRCN immediately began evaluation of these targets for exploration. GRCN also utilized spectral data for vectoring to hydrothermal alteration and mineral-bearing rocks for ground follow-up. Potential mineral targets are mostly aligned with major EW and NW-trending structures and have spectral and vegetation anomalies. The Golden Mile Main Zone deposit and Spring (PS) mineral occurence (a satellite gold mineralized zone along the northwest trend) are considered the highest priority prospects with already delineated resource potential.
In late 2020 and early 2021, GRCN completed 14 diamond core drill holes totaling of 1,719.7 m (5,642 ft) at the Golden Mile property. This drilling was directed towards the Main Zone located on the patented mineral claims with primary objectives to confirm historic drill assays and geological data collected by previous explorers, conduct geological and resource modeling and to collect representative mineralized ore grade samples in the Main Zone area in sufficient quantity to conduct metallurgical testing. Significant results from GRCN’s drilling included up to 3.60 grams per metric tonne (g/t) Au (0.11 ounce per short ton (opst) Au) over 20.1 m (66 ft) including 13.00 g/t Au (0.38 opst Au) over 3.0 m (10 ft) in Hole GMDD-002 and 2.77 g/t Au (0.08 opst Au) over 21.21 m (70 ft) including 8.96 g/t Au (0.26 opst Au) over 4.45 m (15 ft) in Hole GMDD-012.
From late June through August 2021, GRCN completed 42 RC drill holes totaling 4,870.7 m (15,980 ft) in the Main Zone area at Golden Mile. The goals of this program were to add to the known mineralization by testing the undrilled areas between gold-bearing intercepts returned from historic holes and for the estimation of Mineral Resources reported herein. Significant intercepts included 6.10 m (20 ft) of 5.93 g/t Au (0.173 opst) and 16.76 m (55 ft) of 3.31 g/t Au (0.097 opst) including 1.52 m (5 ft) of 27.50 g/t Au (0.803 opst) in Hole GMRC-026. Another notable intercept included 24.38 m (80 ft) of 1.69 g/t Au (0.049 opst) including 3.05 m (10 ft) of 5.92 g/t Au (0.173 opst) in Hole GMRC-013.
1.5 | Metallurgical Testing |
Preliminary metallurgical testing was completed by Kappes, Cassidy & Associates (KCA) in 1982. Four cyanide bottle roll leach tests were run with recoveries varying from 81.4% to 87% on ‐6 mesh oxidized drill cuttings.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
In 2020, GRCN had cyanide bottle roll leach tests conducted by Inspectorate on six representative surface rock chip samples collected during the initial property visit. Gold recoveries ranged from 53% to 100% averaging 82%. Silver recoveries ranged from 48% to 73% averaging 64%.
In 2021, GRCN completed four PQ-size core holes in the Main Zone deposit at Golden Mile for metallurgical testing. Metallurgical composite samples were sent to the KCA facility in Reno, Nevada for the purpose to evaluate process requirements to recover gold using conventional heap leaching technology. The test work completed on these composites consisted of head screen analysis (including, whole rock and QXRD), screen analysis by size fraction, comminution, bottle roll, agglomeration, percent slump and final apparent bulk density measurements and column leach testing.
The extraction results of the KCA 2021 bottle roll tests showed gold recoveries ranging from 38% to 94% with finer fractions (<0.075 mm; 0.003 in) typically between 90% and 94%. Silver recoveries ranged from 33% to 64% with finer fractions (<0.075 mm; 0.003 in) around 61%. Leach kinetics for both 2020 and 2021 cyanide bottle roll leach tests were relatively fast achieving plus 65% of the total gold recovery in 2 hours.
Column leach test work was conducted on the 2021 composite core samples crushed to a target size of 80% passing 25 mm and 80% passing 6.3 mm. Gold extraction for coarse (<37.5 mm) column leach tests was 80% based on calculated heads which ranged from 1.639 g/t (0.048 opst) to 1.806 g/t (0.053 opst) Au. The sodium cyanide consumptions ranged from 1.70 kg (3.75 lb) to 1.92 kg (4.23 lb) per metric tonne. Gold extractions for the fine (<9.5 mm; 1.5 in) column leach tests ranged from 51% to 86% based on calculated heads which ranged from 1.328 g/t (0.039 opst) to 4.506 g/t (0.132 opst) Au. Silver extractions were generally good, ranging from 53% to 92% but typically in the mid 70% to mid 80% range. The column leach test results exhibited rapid leach kinetics with 80% to 90% of total gold and silver recovery occurring in the first 10 days of leaching.
1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimates |
The modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of September 30, 2021.
As part of its modernization of the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, the SEC is adopting the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) framework for reporting Mineral Resources. According to CRIRSCO, a Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust (a deposit) in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. Portions of a deposit that do not have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction must not be included in a Mineral Resource.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
The modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources utilized a portion of the drill hole database compiled by GRCN containing 150 unique collar records and consisting of:
● | RC: 131 reverse circulation drill holes for 14,597 m (47,889 ft) |
● | DDH: 19 diamond drill holes for 2,843 m (9,327 ft) |
Mineral Resource modeling was carried out on capped composites using Inverse Distance Cubed (“ID3”) and Nearest Neighbor (“NN”) estimation methods. A minimum of four and a maximum of nine composites were used for estimation, with a maximum of three composites from a single drill hole. The search ellipsoid oriented parallel with each defined mineralization domain and extending a maximum of 91.4 m (300 ft) The major and semi-major axes approximate the average strike and dip directions of the mineralization. Both gold and silver were modeled and estimated, but Ag is not included in the Mineral Resource due to limited information on this commodity.
Mineral Resources at Golden Mile are further defined by GRCN as Mineral Resources within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. The Mineral Resources reported herein have been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman (LG) optimized pit shell and reported at a cutoff grade of 0.34 g/t Au (0.010 opst). The cutoff grades used are marginal cutoff grades based on 2020 actual costs for FGC’s nearby Isabella Pearl open pit, heap leach mine in Nevada, a mining operation similar in scope to that envisioned for Golden Mile.
Indicated Mineral Resources reported at Golden Mile contain 2.16 million tonnes (2.38 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.13 g/t (0.033 opst). Inferred Mineral Resources reported are 2.40 million tonnes (2.64 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.10 g/t (0.032 opst) (Table 1.1).
Table 1.1 Mineral Resource Inventory at Golden Mile, Mineral County, Nevada, USA (as of September 30, 2021)1 2 3 4
Class | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Au (oz) |
Indicated | 2,160,000 | 2,380,000 | 1.13 | 0.033 | 78,500 |
Inferred | 2,400,000 | 2,640,000 | 1.10 | 0.032 | 84,500 |
1. | Reported at a cutoff of 0.34 g/t Au (0.010 opst). |
2. | Whole block diluted estimates are reported within an optimized pit shell. |
3. | Mineral Resources do not have demonstrated economic viability. |
4. | Totals may not sum exactly due to rounding. |
1.7 | Interpretation and Conclusions |
Golden Mile is an advanced exploration property hosting a moderate-sized, mineralized gold (+ silver-copper-iron) system with potential for developing gold resources and additional exploration targets. Historic surface and underground rock sampling, together with previous and current drilling, have defined significant, high-grade, gold values locally in association with magnetite skarn with minor silver-copper mineralization.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Mineral Resources described herein have been delineated by appropriate drilling and/or sampling to establish continuity and supports an estimate of tonnage and an average grade of the selected metals. GRCN has evaluated and performed verification of the historic and recent Golden Mile drill hole database and considers the assay data to be adequate for the estimation of the Mineral Resources. Golden Mile has a favorable economic projection based on Mineral Resources estimated and reported herein.
Several factors may affect the estimation of Mineral Resources including changes to the geological, geotechnical and geometallurgical models. In particular, the resource model showed a large proportion of the contained metal is derived from a small number of samples and fracture style mineralization may overestimate metal content at the mining scale. Additonal infill drilling to convert material to a higher classification is recommended to mitigate these risks.
1.8 | Recommendations |
The QP’s preparing this report for GRCN recommend that the Golden Mile property proceed with a prefeasibility study to move the property forward to a production decision.
The conceptualized plan being evaluated is open pit mining and heap leaching of the gold deposit, taking the gold to carbon stage from a process plant to be built at Golden Mile, and then hauling the carbon for further processing at the parent company’s permitted and operating absorption/desorption recovery (ADR) facility at its nearby Isabella Pearl mine for final doré production.
Review of recently completed metallurgical test results needs to be finalized, together with on-going engineering, base line and background studies which include process facility layout, open-pit design and infrastructure evaluations. Some additional studies are also recommended that may improve value and optimizations including additional drilling to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves, and additional geotechnical studies to possibly steepen pit slopes.
The Golden Mile mineralization remains open on strike and at depth. For future exploration, particularly in the vicinity of the Main Zone deposit north of the Road Fault, it will be important to better understand the structure of the northwest-trending gold-bearing quartz-pyrite-chlorite veins and the stratigraphy and resulting alteration mineralogy of the Dunlap and Luning Formations. This would include additional surface mapping to define location and geometry of carbonate host rocks and preparation of stratigraphic cross-sections to help define the subsurface extent of the carbonate host rocks, particularly near the granodiorite-quartz feldspar porphyry intrusions. Mineralization appears to extend north and northwest under post-mineral volcanic cover as well as open at depth and additional drilling is also warranted in these directions. Soil sampling at 100-meter orthogonal spacings should also be undertaken over the area south of the Tertiary volcanic cover. Geophysical studies, especially magnetic surveys, are also useful in tracing the granodiorite and quartz feldspar porphyry intrusions beneath volcanic cover.
The proposed exploration program for the Golden Mile property is shown in Table 1.2. The estimated cost of the recommended exploration program is $2.5 M. The proposed budget includes for 12,192 m (40,000 ft) of RC drilling for Mineral Resource expansion and exploration outside of the Main Zone deposit area.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Recommendations for continued engineering, geotechnical, metallurgical, base line and background studies at Golden Mile are shown in Table 1.3. The estimated cost of the recommendations total $1.0 M.
Table 1.2 Budget for Proposed Exploration at Golden Mile Property
Description | Total Cost ($) |
Salaries and Wages | 120,000 |
Vacation Days | 3,000 |
Health Insurance | 3,000 |
401K Expense | 3,600 |
Payroll Taxes Employer | 12,000 |
Workers Compensation Insurance | 6,000 |
Contractors Drilling (RC) – 12,192 m (40,000 ft) | 1,100,000 |
Contractors Maintenance | 60,000 |
Contractors Services | 200,000 |
Material Used by Contractors | 200,000 |
Topographical Studies | 12,000 |
Environmental Studies | 60,000 |
Laboratory Assays | 500,000 |
Maintenance Vehicles | 600 |
Software & Licenses (non-cap) | 3,000 |
Consulting Services | 60,000 |
Airfare | 1,200 |
Lodging | 12,000 |
Meals | 6,000 |
Other Travel Expenses | 6,000 |
Gasoline | 3,000 |
Field Supplies and Materials | 36,000 |
Allocation of Labor Costs | 90,000 |
Golden Mile Property Exploration Total | 2,497,400 |
Table 1.3 Budget for Proposed Technical Studies at Golden Mile Property
Description | Total Cost ($) |
Core Drilling & Geotechnical Study | 300,000 |
Blasting Fragmentation Study | 50,000 |
Metallurgical Test Work | 60,000 |
Geometallurgical Study | 40,000 |
Waste Rock Characterization | 30,000 |
Hydrogeologic Study | 20,000 |
Water Well Drilling | 400,000 |
Monitor Well Drilling | 100,000 |
Total | 1,000,000 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
2 | INTRODUCTION |
2.1 | Terms of Reference and Purpose of Report |
On October 31, 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”) adopted amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, which are currently set forth in Item 102 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and in Industry Guide 7 (SEC, 1992, 2018 a, b). The amendments are intended to provide investors with a more comprehensive understanding of a registrant’s mining properties, which should help them make more informed investment decisions. The amendments also will more closely align the Commission’s disclosure requirements and policies for mining properties with current industry and global regulatory practices and standards, as embodied by the Committee for Reserves International Reporting Standards (“CRIRSCO”).
A registrant that, pursuant to §§ 229.1300 through 229.1305 (subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K) referred to simply as “S-K 1300” in this report, discloses information concerning its Mineral Resource or Mineral Reserves must file a TRS by one or more qualified persons that, for each material property, identifies and summarizes the scientific and technical information and conclusions reached concerning an initial assessment used to support disclosure of Mineral Resources, or concerning a preliminary or final feasibility study used to support disclosure of Mineral Reserves. A registrant is required to comply with the new rules during its first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021.
This report was prepared as an Initial Assessment TRS in accordance with S-K 1300 for GRCN Nevada Inc. (GRCN), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortitude Gold Corporation (FGC) on the Golden Mile property located in Mineral County, Nevada. The purpose of this TRS is to review the geology, mineralization and previous work on the property, provide Mineral Resource estimates and prepare recommendations for further work.
The quality of information, conclusions, and estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort by the qualified persons, based on 1) information available at the time of preparation, 2) data supplied by outside sources, and 3) the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this report. The responsibility for this disclosure remains with GRCN.
2.2 | Qualifications of Qualified Persons |
The qualified persons preparing this report are specialists in the fields of geology, exploration, and Mineral Resource estimation and classification. The following individuals, by virtue of their education, experience and professional association, are considered Qualified Persons (QP) for this report and are members in good standing of appropriate professional institutions. The QPs are either employees of FGC, the parent
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
company of GRCN, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FGC, and therefore, not independent of GRCN, or an independent consultant, independent of GRCN. QP certificates of authors are provided in Appendix B.
Mr. Brown graduated with a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in Geology from New Mexico State University in 1987, obtained a Graduate Diploma in Engineering (Mining) in 1997 from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Engineering (Civil) from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2005. He is registered with Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia (EGBC) as a Professional Geoscientist and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) as a Registered Member. Mr. Brown has also worked as an Underground Mine Geologist, Mineral Resource Manager, Resident Geologist and Chief Geologist at several mines in South Africa operated by Anglo American, Anglogold and De Beers. From 2004 to 2017, Mr. Brown was a Consulting Geologist specializing in Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimations and reporting. In 2017, he joined GRCN as Senior Resource Geologist. On July 1, 2021, Mr. Brown resigned from GRCN and is now independent of GRCN and FGC.
Mr. Devlin holds a B.Sc. degree with honors in Geology, 1981, and a M.Sc., 1987, from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada. He is also a Professional Geologist registered with EGBC and is a Member of the SME and Fellow of both the Society of Economic Geologist (SEG) and the Geological Association of Canada (GAC). Mr. Devlin has worked 40 years in both exploration and mine production which includes working for several USA-companies, including US Borax and Chemical Corp., Hecla Mining Company and Gold Resource Corporation (GRC). From 2013 through 2020, he served as Vice President of Exploration for GRC, responsible for all exploration activities at their Oaxaca Mexico and Nevada operations. On March 1, 2021, Mr. Devlin assumed the role of Vice President of Exploration for FGC, responsible for all exploration activities of the company.
Ms. Lester holds a B.Sc. in Geology and a M.Sc. in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota. Ms. Lester’s industry experiences span more than 20 years and are rooted by traditional field techniques, best practices, and supplemented by modern technologies/research and includes extensive geologic mapping, hydrologic investigations, drill program design, interpretation and management, 3-D modeling, and scoping, prefeasibility, and resource and reserve reporting. Ms. Lester’s background in mining and exploration includes positions ranging from Independent Consultant, Exploration Geologist, Project Manager, and Chief Geologist for companies including Hecla Mining Company, Patagonia Gold S.A., Gold Reserve Inc. and GRC. From 2014 through 2020, she served as Chief Geologist for GRC, overseeing exploration activities at their Oaxaca Mexico and Nevada operations. On January 1, 2021, Ms. Lester assumed the role of Chief Geologist for FGC, overseeing exploration activities of the company.
Technical data and information used in the preparation of this report also included some documents prepared by third party contractors. The authors sourced information from referenced documents as cited in the text and listed in References section of this report.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
2.3 | Details of Inspection |
The QP’s referenced above and in Appendix B have visited the Golden Mile property on numerous occasions since 2019. Historic mineralized workings were examined as well as the location of many historic drill collars, mainly drilled by Cordex Exploration Company (Cordex). The authors have also examined data from previous workers including skeleton core from a five‐hole diamond drilling program conducted in 2011 by Roscan Minerals Corporation (Roscan) and chip trays containing reverse circulation drill cuttings completed by Battle Mountain Gold Corporation (BMG) from 1987 to 1989 and by Cordex during 2006 and 2007.
2.4 | Sources of Information |
Information reviewed for this report includes published and unpublished reports, maps, geochemical, geophysical, and other data available from past workers. The records and data from past workers are not entirely complete, however, much of the drill data geophysical, geochemical, and geologic data are available. This report is relying on property reports prepared by Meghan O'Donnell for Columbus Gold Corporation (Columbus) in 2006, and a more recent property report completed by Robert Suda on behalf of Portage Mineral Inc. in 2009 (O’Donnell, 2006; Suda, 2009). This TRS draws much of its content from the previous historical reports.
2.5 | Effective Date |
The effective date of this report is September 30, 2021.
2.6 | Units of Measure |
The metric system for weights and units has been used in this report with tons reported in metric tons (“tonnes”) consisting of 1,000 kilograms (kg) per tonne (unless otherwise called out and noted as short tons). Gold and silver ounces are reported in troy ounces converted using 31.1035 grams (g) per troy ounce. All currency is in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise stated. The capital letter M is used for millions of $ . The abbreviation, g/t is used for grams per tonne.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
3 | PROPERTY DESCRIPTION |
This section addresses the property land holdings, corporate agreements, existing environmental liabilities and the permitting process.
3.1 | Property Location |
The Golden Mile property is located within the Bell Mining District (also known as the Cedar Mountain District), Mineral County, west-central Nevada. The property lies along the northeast foothills of the Cedar Mountain Range and the closest towns with full services are Hawthorne located 80 km (50 mi) to the west and Tonopah located 88 km (55 mi) to the southeast (Fig. 3.1). The property has good connections to the infrastructure of west-central Nevada, with access roads to the property linking to Nevada state route 361 and US Route 95, the main highway between Reno and Las Vegas. The Golden Mile property is located approximately 37 km (23 mi) east-southeast of GRCN’s parent company’s (FGC) Isabella Pearl mining operations.
The property is located within all or portions of the following Townships, Ranges and Sections relative to the Mount Diablo Baseline and Meridian:
Township 8 North, Range 37 ½ East, Sections19,20, 28, 29,30,31, 32, and 33,
Township 7 North, Range 37 ½ East, Sections 6, 5, 4
Township 8 North, Range 37 East Sections, 36, 35,34, 27, 26, 25,22, 23, 24, 16, 15, 14 13
Township 7 North, Range 37 East Sections, 2, 1,
Township 8 North, Range 38E, Section 30, 31
Township 7 North, Range 38 East Sections 6
The approximate center of the Main Zone deposit area on the Golden Mile property is Latitude 38.51° North and Longitude 117.77° West (UTM 433,190 E, 4,262,848 N, Zone 11).
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Figure 3.1 General Location Map of the Golden Mile Property
3.2 | Mineral Titles |
The property area covers approximately 4,780 hectares (11,811 acres) and consists of 599 contiguous unpatented lode mineral claims and 5 patented mineral claims, 4 owned and one leased. The unpatented claims are situated on land owned by the U.S. government and administered by the BLM. Unpatented and patented mineral claims in the property area are shown on Figure 3.2. Reviews of mineral tenure and status were completed during 2019 and 2021. A title report was prepared, and a legal land survey completed, on the patented claims in 2020. The property boundaries were georeferenced with survey data for verification/validation within company database. A list of unpatented mineral lode claims within the property boundary controlled by GRCN is in Table 3.1 and patented mineral claims are in Table 3.2. The mineral claim listings are current as of September 1, 2021.
There are no Tribal, State of Nevada or U.S. Forest Service lands within the property area.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Figure 3.2 Golden Mile Property Mineral Claims Map (patented claims insert)
Table 3.1 List of Unpatented Lode Mineral Claims for the Golden Mile Property
Claim Name | Type | BLM MLRS | Loc Date | Mineral | Nye | Owner | Status | Acquisition History |
CMA 3 | Unpat Lode | NV101609830 | 12/7/1991 | 101542 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 4 | Unpat Lode | NV101458938 | 12/7/1991 | 101543 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 5 | Unpat Lode | NV101609971 | 12/7/1991 | 101544 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 6 | Unpat Lode | NV101754041 | 12/7/1991 | 101545 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 7 | Unpat Lode | NV101494167 | 12/7/1991 | 101546 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 8 | Unpat Lode | NV101754149 | 12/7/1991 | 101547 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
CMA 9 | Unpat Lode | NV101492992 | 12/7/1991 | 101548 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 10 | Unpat Lode | NV101404482 | 10/17/1994 | 110508 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 11 | Unpat Lode | NV101478558 | 10/17/1994 | 110509 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 12 | Unpat Lode | NV101406480 | 10/17/1994 | 110510 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 13 | Unpat Lode | NV101759418 | 10/17/1994 | 110511 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 14 | Unpat Lode | NV101403896 | 10/17/1994 | 110512 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 22 | Unpat Lode | NV101523234 | 10/18/1994 | 110520 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 23 | Unpat Lode | NV101459790 | 2/13/1995 | 110521 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 24 | Unpat Lode | NV101523491 | 2/13/1995 | 110522 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 26 | Unpat Lode | NV101523484 | 2/13/1995 | 100524 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 1 | Unpat Lode | NV101624019 | 1/15/2004 | 130128 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
MA 2 | Unpat Lode | NV101624020 | 1/15/2004 | 130129 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
MA 21 | Unpat Lode | NV101624021 | 1/15/2004 | 130130 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
Cloud 1 | Unpat Lode | NV101355910 | 8/15/2014 | 159810 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
Cloud 2 | Unpat Lode | NV101355911 | 8/15/2014 | 159811 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
Cloud 3 | Unpat Lode | NV101356883 | 8/15/2014 | 159812 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From Cedar Mountains LLC 6/2020 |
SP 1 | Unpat Lode | NV101543132 | 9/24/2016 | 164695 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 2 | Unpat Lode | NV101543133 | 9/24/2016 | 164696 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 3 | Unpat Lode | NV101553552 | 7/31/2019 8/7/2019 | 171048 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 4 | Unpat Lode | NV101543134 | 9/24/2016 | 164698 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 5 | Unpat Lode | NV101543135 | 9/24/2016 | 164699 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 6 | Unpat Lode | NV101543136 | 9/24/2016 | 164700 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 7 | Unpat Lode | NV101543137 | 10/1/2016 | 164701 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 8 | Unpat Lode | NV101543138 | 10/1/2016 | 164702 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 9 | Unpat Lode | NV101543139 | 10/1/2016 | 164703 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 10 | Unpat Lode | NV101543140 | 10/1/2016 | 164704 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 11 | Unpat Lode | NV101543141 | 10/1/2016 | 164705 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 12 | Unpat Lode | NV101543142 | 10/1/2016 | 164706 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 13 | Unpat Lode | NV101543143 | 10/1/2016 | 164707 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 14 | Unpat Lode | NV101543144 | 10/1/2016 | 164708 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 15 | Unpat Lode | NV101543145 | 10/1/2016 | 164712 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 16 | Unpat Lode | NV101543146 | 10/1/2016 | 164715 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 17 | Unpat Lode | NV101543147 | 10/1/2016 | 164716 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
SP 18 | Unpat Lode | NV101543148 | 9/24/2016 | 164717 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
PS 23 | Unpat Lode | NV101543132 | 10/1/2016 | 164710 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
PS 27 | Unpat Lode | NV101543133 | 10/1/2016 | 164714 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
PS 38 | Unpat Lode | NV101553552 | 10/1/2016 | 164709 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
PS 40 | Unpat Lode | NV101543134 | 10/1/2016 | 164711 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
PS 42 | Unpat Lode | NV101543135 | 10/1/2016 | 164713 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 1 | Unpat Lode | NV101754761 | 10/12/2016 | 164734 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 2 | Unpat Lode | NV101754762 | 10/12/2016 | 164735 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 3 | Unpat Lode | NV101756087 | 10/12/2016 | 164736 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 4 | Unpat Lode | NV101756088 | 10/12/2016 | 164737 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 5 | Unpat Lode | NV101756089 | 10/12/2016 | 164738 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 6 | Unpat Lode | NV101756090 | 10/12/2016 | 164739 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 7 | Unpat Lode | NV101756091 | 10/12/2016 | 164740 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 8 | Unpat Lode | NV101756092 | 10/12/2016 | 164741 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 9 | Unpat Lode | NV101756093 | 10/11/2016 | 164742 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 10 | Unpat Lode | NV101756094 | 10/11/2016 | 164743 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 11 | Unpat Lode | NV101756095 | 10/11/2016 | 164744 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 12 | Unpat Lode | NV101756096 | 10/11/2016 | 164745 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 13 | Unpat Lode | NV101756097 | 10/11/2016 | 164746 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 14 | Unpat Lode | NV101756098 | 10/11/2016 | 164747 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 15 | Unpat Lode | NV101756099 | 10/11/2016 | 164748 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 16 | Unpat Lode | NV101756100 | 10/11/2016 | 164749 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 17 | Unpat Lode | NV101756101 | 10/11/2016 | 164750 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 18 | Unpat Lode | NV101756102 | 10/11/2016 | 164751 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 19 | Unpat Lode | NV101756103 | 10/11/2016 | 164752 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 20 | Unpat Lode | NV101756104 | 10/11/2016 | 164753 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 21 | Unpat Lode | NV101756105 | 10/11/2016 | 164754 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 22 | Unpat Lode | NV101756106 | 10/11/2016 | 164755 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 23 | Unpat Lode | NV101756107 | 10/11/2016 | 164756 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 24 | Unpat Lode | NV101757430 | 10/11/2016 | 164757 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 25 | Unpat Lode | NV101757431 | 10/11/2016 | 164758 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 26 | Unpat Lode | NV101757432 | 10/11/2016 | 164759 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 27 | Unpat Lode | NV101757433 | 10/11/2016 | 164760 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 28 | Unpat Lode | NV101757434 | 10/11/2016 | 164761 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 29 | Unpat Lode | NV101757435 | 10/11/2016 | 164762 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 30 | Unpat Lode | NV101757436 | 10/11/2016 | 164763 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 31 | Unpat Lode | NV101757437 | 10/12/2016 | 164764 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 32 | Unpat Lode | NV101757438 | 10/12/2016 | 164765 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 33 | Unpat Lode | NV101757439 | 10/12/2016 | 164766 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 34 | Unpat Lode | NV101757440 | 10/12/2016 | 164767 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 35 | Unpat Lode | NV101757441 | 10/12/2016 | 164768 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 36 | Unpat Lode | NV101757442 | 10/12/2016 | 164769 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 37 | Unpat Lode | NV101757443 | 10/12/2016 | 164770 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 38 | Unpat Lode | NV101757444 | 10/12/2016 | 164771 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 39 | Unpat Lode | NV101781502 | 10/12/2016 | 164772 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 40 | Unpat Lode | NV101781503 | 10/12/2016 | 164773 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 41 | Unpat Lode | NV101781504 | 10/12/2016 | 164774 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 42 | Unpat Lode | NV101781505 | 10/12/2016 | 164775 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 43 | Unpat Lode | NV101781506 | 10/11/2016 | 164776 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
23
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GM 44 | Unpat Lode | NV101781507 | 10/11/2016 | 164777 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 45 | Unpat Lode | NV101781508 | 10/11/2016 | 164778 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 46 | Unpat Lode | NV101781509 | 10/11/2016 | 164779 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 47 | Unpat Lode | NV101541409 | 10/11/2016 | 164780 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 48 | Unpat Lode | NV101541410 | 10/11/2016 | 164781 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 49 | Unpat Lode | NV101541411 | 10/13/2016 | 164782 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 50 | Unpat Lode | NV101541412 | 10/13/2016 | 164783 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 51 | Unpat Lode | NV101541413 | 10/13/2016 | 164784 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 52 | Unpat Lode | NV101541414 | 10/13/2016 | 164785 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 53 | Unpat Lode | NV101541415 | 10/13/2016 | 164786 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 54 | Unpat Lode | NV101541416 | 10/13/2016 | 164787 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 55 | Unpat Lode | NV101541417 | 10/13/2016 | 164788 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 56 | Unpat Lode | NV101541418 | 10/13/2016 | 164789 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 57 | Unpat Lode | NV101541419 | 10/13/2016 | 164790 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 58 | Unpat Lode | NV101541420 | 10/13/2016 | 164791 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 59 | Unpat Lode | NV101541421 | 10/13/2016 | 164792 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 60 | Unpat Lode | NV101541422 | 10/13/2016 | 164793 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 61 | Unpat Lode | NV101541423 | 10/13/2016 | 164794 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 62 | Unpat Lode | NV101541424 | 10/13/2016 | 164795 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 63 | Unpat Lode | NV101541425 | 10/13/2016 | 164796 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 64 | Unpat Lode | NV101541426 | 10/13/2016 | 164797 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 65 | Unpat Lode | NV101541427 | 10/13/2016 | 164798 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 66 | Unpat Lode | NV101783413 | 2/16/2017 | 165548 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 67 | Unpat Lode | NV101783414 | 2/16/2017 | 165549 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 68 | Unpat Lode | NV101783415 | 2/16/2017 | 165550 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 69 | Unpat Lode | NV101783416 | 2/16/2017 | 165551 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 70 | Unpat Lode | NV101783417 | 2/16/2017 | 165552 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 71 | Unpat Lode | NV101783418 | 2/16/2017 | 165553 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 72 | Unpat Lode | NV101783419 | 2/16/2017 | 165554 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 73 | Unpat Lode | NV101783420 | 2/16/2017 | 165555 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 74 | Unpat Lode | NV101783421 | 2/15/2017 | 165556 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 75 | Unpat Lode | NV101783422 | 2/15/2017 | 165557 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 76 | Unpat Lode | NV101783423 | 2/15/2017 | 165558 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 77 | Unpat Lode | NV101783424 | 2/15/2017 | 165559 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 78 | Unpat Lode | NV101783425 | 2/15/2017 | 165560 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 79 | Unpat Lode | NV101783426 | 2/15/2017 | 165561 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 80 | Unpat Lode | NV101783427 | 2/15/2017 | 165562 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 81 | Unpat Lode | NV101783428 | 2/15/2017 | 165563 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 82 | Unpat Lode | NV101783429 | 2/15/2017 | 165564 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 83 | Unpat Lode | NV101783430 | 2/15/2017 | 165565 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 84 | Unpat Lode | NV101784638 | 2/15/2017 | 165566 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 85 | Unpat Lode | NV101784639 | 2/15/2017 | 165567 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 86 | Unpat Lode | NV101784640 | 2/15/2017 | 165568 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 87 | Unpat Lode | NV101784641 | 2/15/2017 | 165569 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 88 | Unpat Lode | NV101784642 | 2/15/2017 | 165570 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 89 | Unpat Lode | NV101784643 | 2/15/2017 | 165571 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 90 | Unpat Lode | NV101784644 | 2/16/2017 | 165572 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 91 | Unpat Lode | NV101784645 | 2/16/2017 | 165573 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 92 | Unpat Lode | NV101784646 | 2/16/2017 | 165574 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 93 | Unpat Lode | NV101784647 | 2/16/2017 | 165575 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 94 | Unpat Lode | NV101784648 | 2/16/2017 | 165576 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 95 | Unpat Lode | NV101784649 | 2/16/2017 | 165577 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 96 | Unpat Lode | NV101784650 | 2/16/2017 | 165578 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 97 | Unpat Lode | NV101784651 | 2/16/2017 | 165579 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 98 | Unpat Lode | NV101784652 | 2/15/2017 | 165580 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 99 | Unpat Lode | NV101784653 | 2/15/2017 | 165581 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 100 | Unpat Lode | NV101784654 | 2/15/2017 | 165582 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 101 | Unpat Lode | NV101784655 | 2/15/2017 | 165583 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 102 | Unpat Lode | NV101784656 | 2/15/2017 | 165584 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 103 | Unpat Lode | NV101784657 | 2/15/2017 | 165585 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 104 | Unpat Lode | NV101784658 | 2/16/2017 | 165586 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 105 | Unpat Lode | NV101785843 | 2/16/2017 | 165587 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 106 | Unpat Lode | NV101785844 | 2/16/2017 | 165588 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 107 | Unpat Lode | NV101785845 | 2/16/2017 | 165589 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 108 | Unpat Lode | NV101785846 | 2/16/2017 | 165590 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 109 | Unpat Lode | NV101785847 | 2/16/2017 | 165591 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 110 | Unpat Lode | NV101884786 | 2/16/2018 | 168261 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 111 | Unpat Lode | NV101884787 | 2/16/2018 | 168262 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 112 | Unpat Lode | NV101884788 | 2/16/2018 | 168263 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 113 | Unpat Lode | NV101884789 | 2/16/2018 | 168264 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 114 | Unpat Lode | NV101884790 | 2/16/2018 | 168265 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
24
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GM 115 | Unpat Lode | NV101884791 | 2/16/2018 | 168266 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 116 | Unpat Lode | NV101884792 | 2/16/2018 | 168267 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 117 | Unpat Lode | NV101884793 | 2/15/2018 | 168268 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 118 | Unpat Lode | NV101884794 | 2/15/2018 | 168269 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 119 | Unpat Lode | NV101884795 | 2/15/2018 | 168270 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 120 | Unpat Lode | NV101884796 | 2/15/2018 | 168271 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 121 | Unpat Lode | NV101884180 | 2/16/2018 | 168272 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 122 | Unpat Lode | NV101884181 | 2/15/2018 | 168273 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 123 | Unpat Lode | NV101884182 | 2/16/2018 | 168274 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 124 | Unpat Lode | NV101884183 | 2/16/2018 | 168275 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 125 | Unpat Lode | NV101884184 | 2/16/2018 | 168276 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 126 | Unpat Lode | NV101884185 | 2/16/2018 | 168277 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 127 | Unpat Lode | NV101884186 | 2/16/2018 | 168278 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 128 | Unpat Lode | NV101884187 | 2/16/2018 | 168279 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 129 | Unpat Lode | NV101884188 | 2/16/2018 | 168280 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 130 | Unpat Lode | NV101884189 | 2/16/2018 | 168281 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 131 | Unpat Lode | NV101884190 | 2/16/2018 | 168282 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 132 | Unpat Lode | NV101884191 | 2/16/2018 | 168283 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 133 | Unpat Lode | NV101884192 | 2/16/2018 | 168284 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 134 | Unpat Lode | NV101884193 | 2/16/2018 | 168285 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 135 | Unpat Lode | NV101884194 | 2/16/2018 | 168286 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 136 | Unpat Lode | NV101884195 | 2/16/2018 | 168287 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 137 | Unpat Lode | NV101884196 | 2/16/2018 | 168288 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 138 | Unpat Lode | NV101884197 | 2/16/2018 | 168289 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 139 | Unpat Lode | NV101884198 | 2/16/2018 | 168290 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 140 | Unpat Lode | NV101884199 | 2/16/2018 | 168291 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 141 | Unpat Lode | NV101884200 | 2/15/2018 | 168292 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 142 | Unpat Lode | NV101884797 | 2/15/2018 | 168293 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 143 | Unpat Lode | NV101884798 | 2/15/2018 | 168294 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 144 | Unpat Lode | NV101884799 | 2/15/2018 | 168295 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 145 | Unpat Lode | NV101884800 | 2/15/2018 | 168296 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 146 | Unpat Lode | NV101884924 | 2/15/2018 | 168297 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 147 | Unpat Lode | NV101884925 | 2/15/2018 | 168298 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 148 | Unpat Lode | NV101884926 | 2/15/2018 | 168299 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 149 | Unpat Lode | NV101884927 | 2/15/2018 | 168300 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 150 | Unpat Lode | NV101884928 | 2/15/2018 | 168301 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 151 | Unpat Lode | NV101884929 | 2/15/2018 | 168302 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 152 | Unpat Lode | NV101884930 | 2/15/2018 | 168303 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 153 | Unpat Lode | NV101884931 | 2/15/2018 | 168304 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 154 | Unpat Lode | NV101884932 | 2/15/2018 | 168305 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 155 | Unpat Lode | NV101884933 | 2/15/2018 | 168306 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 156 | Unpat Lode | NV101884934 | 2/15/2018 | 168307 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 157 | Unpat Lode | NV101884935 | 2/15/2018 | 168308 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 158 | Unpat Lode | NV101884936 | 2/15/2018 | 168309 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 159 | Unpat Lode | NV101884937 | 2/15/2018 | 168310 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 160 | Unpat Lode | NV101884938 | 2/15/2018 | 168311 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 161 | Unpat Lode | NV101884939 | 2/15/2018 | 168312 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 162 | Unpat Lode | NV101884940 | 2/15/2018 | 168313 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 163 | Unpat Lode | NV101884941 | 2/15/2018 | 168314 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 164 | Unpat Lode | NV101884942 | 2/15/2018 | 168315 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 165 | Unpat Lode | NV101884943 | 2/15/2018 | 168316 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 166 | Unpat Lode | NV101884944 | 2/15/2018 | 168317 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 167 | Unpat Lode | NV101884945 | 2/15/2018 | 168318 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 168 | Unpat Lode | NV101884946 | 2/15/2018 | 168319 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 169 | Unpat Lode | NV101884947 | 2/15/2018 | 168320 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 170 | Unpat Lode | NV101884948 | 2/15/2018 | 168321 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 171 | Unpat Lode | NV101884949 | 2/15/2018 | 168322 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 172 | Unpat Lode | NV101884950 | 2/15/2018 | 168323 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 173 | Unpat Lode | NV101884951 | 2/15/2018 | 168324 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 174 | Unpat Lode | NV101884952 | 2/15/2018 | 168325 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 175 | Unpat Lode | NV101884953 | 2/15/2018 | 168326 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 176 | Unpat Lode | NV101884954 | 2/15/2018 | 168327 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 177 | Unpat Lode | NV101884955 | 2/15/2018 | 168328 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 178 | Unpat Lode | NV101884956 | 2/15/2018 | 168329 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 179 | Unpat Lode | NV101884957 | 2/15/2018 | 168330 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 180 | Unpat Lode | NV101884958 | 2/15/2018 | 168331 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 181 | Unpat Lode | NV101884959 | 2/15/2018 | 168332 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 182 | Unpat Lode | NV101884960 | 2/15/2018 | 168333 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 183 | Unpat Lode | NV101884961 | 2/15/2018 | 168334 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 184 | Unpat Lode | NV101885534 | 2/17/2018 | 168335 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 185 | Unpat Lode | NV101885535 | 2/17/2018 | 168336 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
25
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GM 186 | Unpat Lode | NV101885536 | 2/17/2018 | 168337 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 187 | Unpat Lode | NV101885537 | 2/17/2018 | 168338 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 188 | Unpat Lode | NV101885538 | 2/17/2018 | 168339 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 189 | Unpat Lode | NV101885539 | 2/17/2018 | 168340 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 190 | Unpat Lode | NV101834201 | 2/17/2018 | 168341 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 191 | Unpat Lode | NV101834202 | 2/17/2018 | 168342 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 192 | Unpat Lode | NV101834203 | 2/17/2018 | 168343 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 193 | Unpat Lode | NV101834204 | 2/17/2018 | 168344 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 194 | Unpat Lode | NV101834205 | 2/17/2018 | 168345 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 195 | Unpat Lode | NV101834206 | 2/17/2018 | 168346 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 196 | Unpat Lode | NV101834207 | 2/17/2018 | 168347 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 197 | Unpat Lode | NV101834208 | 2/17/2018 | 168348 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 198 | Unpat Lode | NV101834209 | 2/17/2018 | 168349 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 199 | Unpat Lode | NV101834210 | 2/17/2018 | 168350 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 200 | Unpat Lode | NV101834211 | 2/17/2018 | 168351 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 201 | Unpat Lode | NV101834212 | 2/17/2018 | 168352 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 202 | Unpat Lode | NV101834213 | 2/17/2018 | 168353 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 203 | Unpat Lode | NV101834214 | 2/17/2018 | 168354 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 204 | Unpat Lode | NV101834215 | 2/17/2018 | 168355 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 205 | Unpat Lode | NV101834216 | 2/17/2018 | 168356 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 206 | Unpat Lode | NV101834217 | 2/17/2018 | 168357 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 207 | Unpat Lode | NV101834218 | 2/17/2018 | 168358 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 208 | Unpat Lode | NV101834219 | 2/17/2018 | 168359 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 209 | Unpat Lode | NV101834220 | 2/17/2018 | 168360 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 210 | Unpat Lode | NV101834221 | 2/18/2018 | 168361 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 211 | Unpat Lode | NV101834801 | 2/18/2018 | 168362 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 212 | Unpat Lode | NV101834802 | 2/18/2018 | 168363 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 213 | Unpat Lode | NV101834803 | 2/18/2018 | 168364 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 214 | Unpat Lode | NV101834804 | 2/18/2018 | 168365 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 215 | Unpat Lode | NV101834805 | 2/18/2018 | 168366 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 216 | Unpat Lode | NV101834806 | 2/18/2018 | 168367 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 217 | Unpat Lode | NV101834807 | 2/18/2018 | 168368 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 218 | Unpat Lode | NV101834808 | 2/18/2018 | 168369 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 219 | Unpat Lode | NV101834809 | 2/18/2018 | 168370 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 220 | Unpat Lode | NV101834810 | 2/18/2018 | 168371 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 221 | Unpat Lode | NV101834811 | 2/18/2018 | 168372 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 222 | Unpat Lode | NV101834812 | 2/18/2018 | 168373 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 223 | Unpat Lode | NV101834813 | 2/18/2018 | 168374 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 224 | Unpat Lode | NV101834814 | 2/18/2018 | 168375 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 225 | Unpat Lode | NV101834815 | 2/18/2018 | 168376 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 226 | Unpat Lode | NV101834816 | 2/18/2018 | 168377 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 227 | Unpat Lode | NV101834817 | 2/18/2018 | 168378 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 228 | Unpat Lode | NV101834818 | 2/18/2018 | 168379 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 229 | Unpat Lode | NV101834819 | 2/18/2018 | 168380 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 230 | Unpat Lode | NV101834820 | 2/18/2018 | 168381 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 231 | Unpat Lode | NV101834821 | 2/18/2018 | 168382 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 232 | Unpat Lode | NV101835401 | 2/18/2018 | 168383 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 233 | Unpat Lode | NV101835402 | 2/18/2018 | 168384 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 234 | Unpat Lode | NV101835403 | 2/18/2018 | 168385 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 235 | Unpat Lode | NV101835404 | 2/18/2018 | 168386 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 236 | Unpat Lode | NV101835405 | 2/18/2018 | 168387 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 237 | Unpat Lode | NV101835406 | 2/18/2018 | 168388 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 238 | Unpat Lode | NV101835407 | 2/18/2018 | 168389 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 239 | Unpat Lode | NV101835408 | 2/18/2018 | 168390 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 240 | Unpat Lode | NV101835409 | 2/18/2018 | 168391 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 241 | Unpat Lode | NV101835410 | 2/18/2018 | 168392 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 242 | Unpat Lode | NV101835411 | 2/18/2018 | 168393 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 243 | Unpat Lode | NV101835412 | 2/18/2018 | 168394 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 244 | Unpat Lode | NV101835413 | 2/18/2018 | 168395 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 245 | Unpat Lode | NV101835414 | 2/18/2018 | 168396 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 246 | Unpat Lode | NV101835415 | 2/18/2018 | 168397 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 247 | Unpat Lode | NV101835416 | 2/18/2018 | 168398 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 248 | Unpat Lode | NV101835417 | 2/18/2018 | 168399 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 249 | Unpat Lode | NV101835418 | 2/18/2018 | 168400 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 250 | Unpat Lode | NV101835419 | 2/18/2018 | 168401 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 251 | Unpat Lode | NV101835420 | 2/18/2018 | 168402 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 252 | Unpat Lode | NV101835421 | 2/18/2018 | 168403 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 253 | Unpat Lode | NV101836001 | 2/18/2018 | 168404 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 254 | Unpat Lode | NV101836002 | 2/20/2018 | 168405 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 255 | Unpat Lode | NV101836003 | 2/20/2018 | 168406 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 256 | Unpat Lode | NV101836004 | 2/20/2018 | 168407 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
26
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GM 257 | Unpat Lode | NV101836005 | 2/20/2018 | 168408 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 258 | Unpat Lode | NV101836006 | 2/20/2018 | 168409 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 259 | Unpat Lode | NV101836007 | 2/20/2018 | 168410 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 260 | Unpat Lode | NV101836008 | 2/20/2018 | 168411 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 261 | Unpat Lode | NV101836009 | 2/20/2018 | 168412 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 262 | Unpat Lode | NV101836010 | 2/20/2018 | 168413 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 263 | Unpat Lode | NV101836011 | 2/20/2018 | 168414 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 264 | Unpat Lode | NV101836012 | 2/20/2018 | 168415 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 265 | Unpat Lode | NV101836013 | 2/20/2018 | 168416 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 266 | Unpat Lode | NV101836014 | 2/20/2018 | 168417 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 267 | Unpat Lode | NV101836015 | 2/20/2018 | 168418 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 268 | Unpat Lode | NV101836016 | 2/20/2018 | 168419 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 269 | Unpat Lode | NV101836017 | 2/20/2018 | 168420 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 270 | Unpat Lode | NV101836018 | 2/20/2018 | 168421 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 271 | Unpat Lode | NV101836019 | 2/20/2018 | 168422 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 272 | Unpat Lode | NV101836020 | 2/20/2018 | 168423 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 273 | Unpat Lode | NV101836021 | 2/20/2018 | 168424 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 274 | Unpat Lode | NV101836601 | 2/20/2018 | 168425 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 275 | Unpat Lode | NV101836602 | 2/20/2018 | 168426 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 276 | Unpat Lode | NV101836603 | 2/20/2018 | 168427 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 277 | Unpat Lode | NV101836604 | 2/20/2018 | 168428 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 278 | Unpat Lode | NV101836605 | 2/20/2018 | 168429 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 279 | Unpat Lode | NV101836606 | 2/20/2018 | 168430 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 280 | Unpat Lode | NV101836607 | 2/20/2018 | 168431 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 281 | Unpat Lode | NV101836608 | 2/20/2018 | 168432 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 282 | Unpat Lode | NV101836609 | 2/20/2018 | 168433 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 283 | Unpat Lode | NV101836610 | 2/20/2018 | 168434 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 284 | Unpat Lode | NV101836611 | 2/20/2018 | 168435 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 285 | Unpat Lode | NV101836612 | 2/20/2018 | 168436 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 286 | Unpat Lode | NV101836613 | 2/20/2018 | 168437 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 287 | Unpat Lode | NV101836614 | 2/20/2018 | 168438 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 288 | Unpat Lode | NV101836615 | 2/20/2018 | 168439 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 289 | Unpat Lode | NV101836616 | 2/20/2018 | 168440 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 290 | Unpat Lode | NV101836617 | 2/20/2018 | 168441 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 291 | Unpat Lode | NV101836618 | 2/20/2018 | 168442 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 292 | Unpat Lode | NV101836619 | 2/20/2018 | 168443 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 293 | Unpat Lode | NV101836620 | 2/20/2018 | 168444 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 294 | Unpat Lode | NV101836621 | 2/20/2018 | 168445 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 295 | Unpat Lode | NV101837001 | 2/21/2018 | 168446 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 296 | Unpat Lode | NV101837002 | 2/21/2018 | 168447 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 297 | Unpat Lode | NV101837003 | 2/21/2018 | 168448 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 298 | Unpat Lode | NV101837004 | 2/21/2018 | 168449 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 299 | Unpat Lode | NV101837005 | 2/21/2018 | 168450 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 300 | Unpat Lode | NV101837006 | 2/21/2018 | 168451 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 301 | Unpat Lode | NV101837007 | 2/21/2018 | 168452 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 302 | Unpat Lode | NV101837008 | 2/21/2018 | 168453 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 303 | Unpat Lode | NV101837201 | 2/21/2018 | 168454 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 304 | Unpat Lode | NV101837202 | 2/21/2018 | 168455 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 305 | Unpat Lode | NV101837203 | 2/21/2018 | 168456 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 306 | Unpat Lode | NV101837204 | 2/21/2018 | 168457 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 307 | Unpat Lode | NV101837205 | 2/21/2018 | 168458 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 308 | Unpat Lode | NV101837206 | 2/21/2018 | 168459 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 309 | Unpat Lode | NV101837207 | 2/21/2018 | 168460 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 310 | Unpat Lode | NV101837208 | 2/21/2018 | 168461 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 311 | Unpat Lode | NV101837209 | 2/21/2018 | 168462 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 312 | Unpat Lode | NV101837210 | 2/21/2018 | 168463 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 313 | Unpat Lode | NV101837211 | 2/21/2018 | 168464 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 314 | Unpat Lode | NV101837212 | 2/21/2018 | 168465 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 315 | Unpat Lode | NV101837213 | 2/21/2018 | 168466 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 316 | Unpat Lode | NV101837601 | 2/21/2018 | 168467 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 317 | Unpat Lode | NV101837602 | 2/21/2018 | 168468 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 318 | Unpat Lode | NV101837603 | 2/21/2018 | 168469 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 319 | Unpat Lode | NV101837604 | 2/21/2018 | 168470 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 321 | Unpat Lode | NV101764810 | 9/1/2018 | 169562 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 322 | Unpat Lode | NV101764811 | 9/1/2018 | 169563 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 323 | Unpat Lode | NV101764812 | 9/1/2018 | 169564 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 324 | Unpat Lode | NV101764813 | 9/1/2018 | 169565 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 325 | Unpat Lode | NV101764814 | 9/1/2018 | 169566 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 326 | Unpat Lode | NV101764815 | 9/1/2018 | 169567 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 327 | Unpat Lode | NV101764816 | 9/1/2018 | 169568 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 328 | Unpat Lode | NV101764817 | 9/1/2018 | 169569 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
27
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GM 329 | Unpat Lode | NV101764818 | 9/1/2018 | 169570 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 330 | Unpat Lode | NV101764819 | 9/1/2018 | 169571 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 331 | Unpat Lode | NV101764820 | 9/1/2018 | 169572 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 332 | Unpat Lode | NV101764821 | 9/1/2018 | 169573 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 333 | Unpat Lode | NV101764822 | 9/1/2018 | 169574 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 334 | Unpat Lode | NV101764823 | 9/1/2018 | 169575 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 335 | Unpat Lode | NV101764824 | 9/1/2018 | 169576 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 336 | Unpat Lode | NV101764825 | 9/1/2018 | 169577 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 337 | Unpat Lode | NV101765070 | 9/1/2018 | 169578 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 338 | Unpat Lode | NV101765071 | 9/1/2018 | 169579 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 339 | Unpat Lode | NV101765072 | 9/1/2018 | 169580 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 340 | Unpat Lode | NV101765073 | 9/1/2018 | 169581 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 341 | Unpat Lode | NV101765074 | 9/1/2018 | 169582 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 342 | Unpat Lode | NV101765075 | 9/1/2018 | 169583 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 343 | Unpat Lode | NV101765076 | 9/1/2018 | 169584 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 344 | Unpat Lode | NV101765077 | 9/1/2018 | 169585 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 345 | Unpat Lode | NV101765078 | 9/1/2018 | 169586 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 346 | Unpat Lode | NV101765079 | 9/1/2018 | 169587 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 347 | Unpat Lode | NV101765080 | 9/1/2018 | 169588 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 348 | Unpat Lode | NV101765081 | 9/1/2018 | 169589 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 349 | Unpat Lode | NV101765082 | 9/1/2018 | 169590 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 350 | Unpat Lode | NV101765083 | 9/1/2018 | 169591 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 351 | Unpat Lode | NV101765084 | 9/1/2018 | 169592 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 352 | Unpat Lode | NV101765085 | 9/1/2018 | 169593 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 353 | Unpat Lode | NV101765086 | 9/1/2018 | 169594 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 354 | Unpat Lode | NV101765201 | 9/1/2018 | 169595 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 355 | Unpat Lode | NV101765202 | 9/1/2018 | 169596 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 356 | Unpat Lode | NV101765203 | 9/1/2018 | 169597 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 357 | Unpat Lode | NV101765204 | 9/1/2018 | 169598 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 358 | Unpat Lode | NV101762759 | 9/1/2018 | 169599 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 359 | Unpat Lode | NV101762760 | 9/1/2018 | 169600 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 360 | Unpat Lode | NV101762761 | 9/1/2018 | 169601 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 361 | Unpat Lode | NV101762762 | 9/1/2018 | 169602 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 362 | Unpat Lode | NV101762763 | 9/1/2018 | 169603 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 363 | Unpat Lode | NV101762764 | 9/1/2018 | 169604 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
GM 364 | Unpat Lode | NV101762765 | 9/1/2018 | 169605 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
MN 19 | Unpat Lode | NV101615129 | 12/11/2019 | 172318 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 20 | Unpat Lode | NV101615130 | 12/11/2019 | 172319 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 21 | Unpat Lode | NV101615131 | 12/11/2019 | 172320 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 22 | Unpat Lode | NV101615876 | 12/11/2019 | 172321 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 23 | Unpat Lode | NV101615877 | 12/11/2019 | 172322 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 24 | Unpat Lode | NV101615878 | 12/11/2019 | 172323 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 25 | Unpat Lode | NV101615879 | 12/11/2019 | 172324 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 26 | Unpat Lode | NV101615880 | 12/11/2019 | 172325 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 27 | Unpat Lode | NV101615881 | 12/11/2019 | 172326 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 28 | Unpat Lode | NV101615882 | 12/11/2019 | 172327 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 29 | Unpat Lode | NV101615883 | 12/11/2019 | 172328 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 30 | Unpat Lode | NV101615884 | 12/11/2019 | 172329 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 31 | Unpat Lode | NV101615885 | 12/11/2019 | 172330 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 32 | Unpat Lode | NV101615886 | 12/11/2019 | 172331 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 33 | Unpat Lode | NV101615887 | 12/11/2019 | 172332 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 34 | Unpat Lode | NV101615888 | 12/11/2019 | 172333 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 35 | Unpat Lode | NV101615889 | 12/11/2019 | 172334 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 36 | Unpat Lode | NV101615890 | 12/11/2019 | 172335 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 37 | Unpat Lode | NV101615891 | 12/11/2019 | 172336 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 38 | Unpat Lode | NV101615892 | 12/11/2019 | 172337 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 39 | Unpat Lode | NV101615893 | 12/11/2019 | 172338 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 40 | Unpat Lode | NV101615894 | 12/11/2019 | 172339 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 41 | Unpat Lode | NV101615895 | 12/11/2019 | 172340 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 42 | Unpat Lode | NV101615896 | 12/11/2019 | 172341 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 43 | Unpat Lode | NV101616505 | 12/11/2019 | 172342 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 44 | Unpat Lode | NV101616506 | 12/11/2019 | 172343 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 45 | Unpat Lode | NV101616507 | 12/11/2019 | 172344 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 46 | Unpat Lode | NV101616601 | 12/11/2019 | 172345 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 47 | Unpat Lode | NV101616602 | 12/11/2019 | 172346 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 48 | Unpat Lode | NV101616603 | 12/11/2019 | 172347 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 49 | Unpat Lode | NV101616604 | 12/12/2019 | 172348 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 50 | Unpat Lode | NV101616605 | 12/12/2019 | 172349 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 51 | Unpat Lode | NV101616606 | 12/12/2019 | 172350 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 52 | Unpat Lode | NV101616607 | 12/12/2019 | 172351 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 53 | Unpat Lode | NV101616608 | 12/12/2019 | 172352 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
28
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
MN 54 | Unpat Lode | NV101616609 | 12/12/2019 | 172353 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 55 | Unpat Lode | NV101616610 | 12/12/2019 | 172354 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 56 | Unpat Lode | NV101616611 | 12/12/2019 | 172355 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 57 | Unpat Lode | NV101616612 | 12/13/2019 | 172356 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 58 | Unpat Lode | NV101616613 | 12/13/2019 | 172357 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 59 | Unpat Lode | NV101616614 | 12/13/2019 | 172358 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 60 | Unpat Lode | NV101616615 | 12/13/2019 | 172359 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
MN 61 | Unpat Lode | NV101616616 | 12/13/2019 | 172360 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 12-2019 |
GMN-1 | Unpat Lode | NV102154419 | 10/7/2020 | 174617 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-2 | Unpat Lode | NV102154420 | 10/7/2020 | 174618 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-3 | Unpat Lode | NV102154421 | 10/7/2020 | 174619 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-4 | Unpat Lode | NV102154422 | 10/7/2020 | 174620 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-5 | Unpat Lode | NV102154423 | 10/7/2020 | 174621 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-6 | Unpat Lode | NV102154424 | 10/7/2020 | 174622 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-7 | Unpat Lode | NV102154425 | 10/7/2020 | 174623 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-8 | Unpat Lode | NV102154426 | 10/7/2020 | 174624 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-9 | Unpat Lode | NV102154427 | 10/7/2020 | 174625 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-10 | Unpat Lode | NV102154428 | 10/7/2020 | 174626 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-11 | Unpat Lode | NV102154429 | 10/7/2020 | 174627 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-12 | Unpat Lode | NV102154643 | 10/7/2020 | 174628 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-13 | Unpat Lode | NV102154644 | 10/7/2020 | 174629 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-14 | Unpat Lode | NV102154645 | 10/7/2020 | 174630 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-15 | Unpat Lode | NV102154646 | 10/7/2020 | 174631 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-16 | Unpat Lode | NV102154647 | 10/7/2020 | 174632 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-17 | Unpat Lode | NV102154648 | 10/10/2020 | 174633 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-18 | Unpat Lode | NV102154649 | 10/10/2020 | 174634 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-19 | Unpat Lode | NV102154650 | 10/7/2020 | 174635 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-20 | Unpat Lode | NV102154651 | 10/7/2020 | 174636 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-21 | Unpat Lode | NV102154652 | 10/7/2020 | 174637 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-22 | Unpat Lode | NV102154653 | 10/7/2020 | 174638 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-23 | Unpat Lode | NV102154654 | 10/7/2020 | 174639 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-24 | Unpat Lode | NV102154655 | 10/7/2020 | 174640 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-25 | Unpat Lode | NV102154656 | 10/7/2020 | 174641 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-26 | Unpat Lode | NV102154657 | 10/7/2020 | 174642 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-27 | Unpat Lode | NV102154658 | 10/7/2020 | 174643 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-28 | Unpat Lode | NV102154659 | 10/7/2020 | 174644 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-29 | Unpat Lode | NV102154660 | 10/7/2020 | 174645 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-30 | Unpat Lode | NV102154661 | 10/7/2020 | 174646 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-31 | Unpat Lode | NV102154662 | 10/7/2020 | 174647 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-32 | Unpat Lode | NV102154663 | 10/7/2020 | 174648 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-33 | Unpat Lode | NV102154664 | 10/10/2020 | 174649 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-34 | Unpat Lode | NV102154665 | 10/10/2020 | 174650 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-35 | Unpat Lode | NV102154666 | 10/8/2020 | 174651 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-36 | Unpat Lode | NV102154667 | 10/8/2020 | 174652 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-37 | Unpat Lode | NV102154668 | 10/8/2020 | 174653 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-38 | Unpat Lode | NV102154669 | 10/8/2020 | 174654 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-39 | Unpat Lode | NV102154822 | 10/8/2020 | 174655 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-40 | Unpat Lode | NV102154823 | 10/8/2020 | 174656 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-41 | Unpat Lode | NV102154824 | 10/8/2020 | 174657 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-42 | Unpat Lode | NV102154825 | 10/8/2020 | 174658 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-43 | Unpat Lode | NV102154826 | 10/8/2020 | 174659 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-44 | Unpat Lode | NV102154827 | 10/8/2020 | 174660 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-45 | Unpat Lode | NV102154828 | 10/8/2020 | 174661 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-46 | Unpat Lode | NV102154829 | 10/8/2020 | 174662 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-47 | Unpat Lode | NV102154830 | 10/8/2020 | 174663 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-48 | Unpat Lode | NV102154831 | 10/8/2020 | 174664 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-49 | Unpat Lode | NV102154832 | 10/8/2020 | 174665 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-50 | Unpat Lode | NV102154833 | 10/8/2020 | 174666 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-51 | Unpat Lode | NV102154834 | 10/8/2020 | 174667 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-52 | Unpat Lode | NV102154835 | 10/8/2020 | 174668 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-53 | Unpat Lode | NV102154836 | 10/8/2020 | 174669 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMN-54 | Unpat Lode | NV102154837 | 10/8/2020 | 174670 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-1 | Unpat Lode | NV102154838 | 10/5/2020 | 174671 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-2 | Unpat Lode | NV102154839 | 10/5/2020 | 174672 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-3 | Unpat Lode | NV102154840 | 10/5/2020 | 174673 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-4 | Unpat Lode | NV102154841 | 10/5/2020 | 174674 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-5 | Unpat Lode | NV102154842 | 10/5/2020 | 174675 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-6 | Unpat Lode | NV102154843 | 10/5/2020 | 174676 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-7 | Unpat Lode | NV102154844 | 10/5/2020 | 174677 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-8 | Unpat Lode | NV102154845 | 10/5/2020 | 174678 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-9 | Unpat Lode | NV102154846 | 10/5/2020 | 174679 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
29
AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
GMW-10 | Unpat Lode | NV102154847 | 10/5/2020 | 174680 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-11 | Unpat Lode | NV102154848 | 10/5/2020 | 174681 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-12 | Unpat Lode | NV102154849 | 10/5/2020 | 174682 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-13 | Unpat Lode | NV102154850 | 10/5/2020 | 174683 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-14 | Unpat Lode | NV102154851 | 10/5/2020 | 174684 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-15 | Unpat Lode | NV102155022 | 10/5/2020 | 174685 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-16 | Unpat Lode | NV102155023 | 10/5/2020 | 174686 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-17 | Unpat Lode | NV102155024 | 10/5/2020 | 174687 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-18 | Unpat Lode | NV102155025 | 10/5/2020 | 174688 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-19 | Unpat Lode | NV102155026 | 10/5/2020 | 174689 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-20 | Unpat Lode | NV102155027 | 10/5/2020 | 174690 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-21 | Unpat Lode | NV102155028 | 10/5/2020 | 174691 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-22 | Unpat Lode | NV102155029 | 10/5/2020 | 174692 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-23 | Unpat Lode | NV102155030 | 10/5/2020 | 174693 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-24 | Unpat Lode | NV102155031 | 10/5/2020 | 174694 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-25 | Unpat Lode | NV102155032 | 10/5/2020 | 174695 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-26 | Unpat Lode | NV102155033 | 10/5/2020 | 174696 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-27 | Unpat Lode | NV102155034 | 10/5/2020 | 174697 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-28 | Unpat Lode | NV102155035 | 10/5/2020 | 174698 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-29 | Unpat Lode | NV102155036 | 10/6/2020 | 174699 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-30 | Unpat Lode | NV102155037 | 10/6/2020 | 174700 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GMW-31 | Unpat Lode | NV102155038 | 10/6/2020 | 174701 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
MN-62 | Unpat Lode | NV102155039 | 10/19/2020 | 174702 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
MN-63 | Unpat Lode | NV102155040 | 10/19/2020 | 174703 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
MN-64 | Unpat Lode | NV102155041 | 10/19/2020 | 174704 | | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 10-2020 |
GME 1 | Unpat Lode | NV105244488 | 5/18/2021 | 177638 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 2 | Unpat Lode | NV105244489 | 5/18/2021 | 177639 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 3 | Unpat Lode | NV105244490 | 5/18/2021 | 177640 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 4 | Unpat Lode | NV105244491 | 5/18/2021 | 177641 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 5 | Unpat Lode | NV105244492 | 5/18/2021 | 177642 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 6 | Unpat Lode | NV105244493 | 5/18/2021 | 177643 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 7 | Unpat Lode | NV105244494 | 5/18/2021 | 177644 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 8 | Unpat Lode | NV105244495 | 5/18/2021 | 177645 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 9 | Unpat Lode | NV105244496 | 5/18/2021 | 177646 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 10 | Unpat Lode | NV105244497 | 5/18/2021 | 177647 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 11 | Unpat Lode | NV105245082 | 6/14/2021 | 177729 | 957564 | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 6-2021 |
GME 12 | Unpat Lode | NV105245083 | 6/14/2021 | 177730 | 957565 | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 6-2021 |
GME 13 | Unpat Lode | NV105244498 | 5/18/2021 | 177648 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 14 | Unpat Lode | NV105245084 | 6/14/2021 | 177731 | 957566 | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 6-2021 |
GME 15 | Unpat Lode | NV105244499 | 5/18/2021 | 177649 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 16 | Unpat Lode | NV105244500 | 5/18/2021 | 177650 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 17 | Unpat Lode | NV105244501 | 5/18/2021 | 177651 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 18 | Unpat Lode | NV105244502 | 5/18/2021 | 177652 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 19 | Unpat Lode | NV105244503 | 5/18/2021 | 177653 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 20 | Unpat Lode | NV105244504 | 5/18/2021 | 177654 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 21 | Unpat Lode | NV105244505 | 5/18/2021 | 177655 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 22 | Unpat Lode | NV105244506 | 5/18/2021 | 177656 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 23 | Unpat Lode | NV105244507 | 5/18/2021 | 177657 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 24 | Unpat Lode | NV105244508 | 5/18/2021 | 177658 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 25 | Unpat Lode | NV105244509 | 5/18/2021 | 177659 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 26 | Unpat Lode | NV105244510 | 5/18/2021 | 177660 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 27 | Unpat Lode | NV105244511 | 5/17/2021 | 177661 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 28 | Unpat Lode | NV105244512 | 5/17/2021 | 177662 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 29 | Unpat Lode | NV105244513 | 5/17/2021 | 177663 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 30 | Unpat Lode | NV105244514 | 5/17/2021 | 177664 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 31 | Unpat Lode | NV105244515 | 5/17/2021 | 177665 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 32 | Unpat Lode | NV105244516 | 5/17/2021 | 177666 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 33 | Unpat Lode | NV105244517 | 5/17/2021 | 177667 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 34 | Unpat Lode | NV105244518 | 5/17/2021 | 177668 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 35 | Unpat Lode | NV105244519 | 5/17/2021 | 177669 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 36 | Unpat Lode | NV105244520 | 5/17/2021 | 177670 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 37 | Unpat Lode | NV105244521 | 5/17/2021 | 177671 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 38 | Unpat Lode | NV105244522 | 5/17/2021 | 177672 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 39 | Unpat Lode | NV105244523 | 5/17/2021 | 177673 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 40 | Unpat Lode | NV105244524 | 5/17/2021 | 177674 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 41 | Unpat Lode | NV105244525 | 5/17/2021 | 177675 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 42 | Unpat Lode | NV105244526 | 5/17/2021 | 177676 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 43 | Unpat Lode | NV105244527 | 5/17/2021 | 177677 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 44 | Unpat Lode | NV105244528 | 5/17/2021 | 177678 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 45 | Unpat Lode | NV105244529 | 5/17/2021 | 177679 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 46 | Unpat Lode | NV105244530 | 5/17/2021 | 177680 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
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GME 47 | Unpat Lode | NV105244531 | 5/17/2021 | 177681 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 48 | Unpat Lode | NV105244532 | 5/17/2021 | 177682 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 49 | Unpat Lode | NV105244533 | 5/17/2021 | 177683 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 50 | Unpat Lode | NV105244534 | 5/17/2021 | 177684 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 51 | Unpat Lode | NV105244535 | 5/17/2021 | 177685 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 52 | Unpat Lode | NV105244536 | 5/17/2021 | 177686 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 53 | Unpat Lode | NV105244537 | 5/17/2021 | 177687 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 54 | Unpat Lode | NV105244538 | 5/17/2021 | 177688 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 55 | Unpat Lode | NV105244539 | 5/18/2021 | 177689 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 56 | Unpat Lode | NV105244540 | 5/18/2021 | 177690 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 57 | Unpat Lode | NV105244541 | 5/18/2021 | 177691 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 58 | Unpat Lode | NV105244542 | 5/18/2021 | 177692 | - | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 5-2021 |
GME 59 | Unpat Lode | NV105245085 | 6/14/2021 | 177732 | 957567 | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 6-2021 |
GME 60 | Unpat Lode | NV105245086 | 6/14/2021 | 177733 | 957568 | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | GRC Staked 6-2021 |
Table 3.2 List of Patented Mineral Claims for the Golden Mile Property
Claim | Property | Owner | Status | Acquisition History |
Long Shot, Cypress, Scorpion, Copper King - APN 009-020-02 | Golden Mile | GRC Nevada Inc. | 100% Owned | Acq From NMPII 6/2020 |
Copper Queen APN 009-020-04. | Golden Mile | GRC Nevada Inc. | Leased - Vize/Crum | Lease Assigned from NMPII 6/2020 |
3.3 | Royalties, Agreements and Encumbrances |
GRCN acquired 100% interest in the Golden Mile property from two separate business entities in June 2020. Total consideration was $650,000, consisting of $550,000 cash and $100,000 worth of stock issuance. The sellers retained a net smelter return royalty (NSR) of 3% on future production from the property claims. GRCN has the right to buy down 1% of the NSR on the claims for $1,500,000. A separate, single patented claim (Copper Queen) is held under lease by GRCN. This lease has annual advance royalty payments of $10,000 and a 3% NSR payable to Georgia L. Vize as Trustee of the Georgia L. Vize Family Trust dated June 5, 2001 and John Crum, an individual.
The 599 GRCN unpatented mining claims are on U.S. Federal lands administered by the BLM. The unpatented claims in the Golden Mile property are current and in good standing. Maintenance fees totaling $98,835 were paid to the BLM prior to August 31, 2021. Affidavits of Assessment documents were also recorded with Mineral County ($7,200) and Nye County ($72), both in Nevada, with a filing fee of $12.00 paid per claim located in each county.
Real property taxes on the purchased patented mining claims, Long Shot, Cypress, Scorpion, Copper King (APN 009-020-02), was $73.20 for 2021 -2022 and have been paid to Mineral County.
Real property taxes for the Copper Queen lease (APN 009-020-04) are paid by the Lessor.
3.4 | Environmental Liabilities and Permitting |
3.4.1 Environmental Liabilities
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Most of the past mineral exploration activities on BLM administered ground at the Golden Mile property have been reclaimed by previous operators. GRCN is not currently liable for reclamation of any remaining associated disturbances from past activities.
GRCN commenced mineral exploration activities at the Golden Mile property and is currently liable for reclamation of the associated disturbances. Liabilities associated with the exploration activities shall be incorporated into the Plan of Operations and approved by both the BLM and the State of Nevada.
3.4.2 Required Permits and Status
The location and current land ownership position (i.e., public land ownership) of the Golden Mile property means that it will be held to permitting requirements that are determined to be necessary by Mineral County, the State of Nevada, and the U.S. Department of the Interior BLM, Stillwater District Office, Stillwater Field Office.
In August 2020, GRCN initiated an environmental scoping exercise in preparation for submitting a Plan of Operations (POO) in support of an Environmental Assessment (EA) with the Stillwater Field Office of the BLM.
GRCN is engaged in evaluating the property area for environmental resources. The evaluation was based upon information derived from the following sources:
● | US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), |
● | US Geological Survey (USGS), |
● | Nevada BLM, |
● | Nevada State GIS database, and |
● | US Department of Agriculture (USDA). |
Using the same template used by the Nevada BLM offices, GRCN put together an Interdisciplinary Team Checklist (IDT Checklist). This checklist follows the guidelines set in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for the evaluation of environmental resources for potential impacts. The determination for potential impact were as follows:
NP = not present in the area impacted by the proposed or alternative actions
NI = present, but not affected to a degree that detailed analysis is required
PI = present with potential for relevant impact that need to be analyzed in detail in the EA
Based upon the results of the initial scoping, GRCN determined which environmental resources needed to be evaluated, and to what level of detail that evaluation should take place.
The checklist for survey deliverables will address the following environmental resources:
● | Floodplains |
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● | Surface Water Resources |
● | Recreation |
● | Cultural Resources (will meet partial requirements) |
● | Rangeland Health Standards |
● | Vegetation |
● | Woodland/Forestry |
● | Fuels/Fire Management |
● | Lands/Access |
Also derived from the flight deliverables will include:
● | Raw flight data (georeferenced) |
● | 2-ft contour map (.dxf format) |
● | ‘Bare Earth’ map |
● | Survey data for known and located Section corners |
Permitting activities completed as of the effective date of this report include:
● | Panels were set out and the area flown. Panels were set along roads every 914 m (3,000 ft) within the property area in order to create a quality control database for the point cloud data, |
● | Processing the point cloud information in Pix4D mapping software, |
● | Generation of a 2-ft contour map, |
● | Quality control checks by RWC’s Nevada licensed Professional Land Surveyor, |
● | Aerial imagery checked for quality control, and |
● | Completion of aerial imagery maps for Floodplains, Soils, Surface Water, Recreation and Vegetation. |
Water resources are also prioritized as a high-level necessity. As such, GRCN performed a desktop review using the Nevada Division of Water Resources (NDWR) online database. Within the Golden Mile property area, there has been very little points of diversion identified, and those found are largely for stock water usage, and thus are of very low yield and of no particular interest to GRCN. There are no points of diversion within a one-mile radius of the Golden Mile Private land holdings. The property resides within four distinct Hydrographic basins (Fig. 3.3):
● | Gabbs Valley |
● | Ione Valley |
● | Monte Cristo Valley |
● | Big Smokey Valley |
According to the NDWR online website, the Ione Valley basin was also found to be open for allocation with the perennial yield, according to the Hydrographic Area Summary, is 2,500 acre-feet per year, while the current allocation is only 189 acre-feet per year. According to the Office of the State Engineer of the State of Nevada, Interim Order #1308, GRCN may rightfully apply for water rights within the Ione Valley
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
Hydrographic Basin. The Ione Basin is shown on Figure 3.3 and encompasses most of the Golden Mile property area including the main resource area. An application for allocation of water rights within the Ione Valley Hydrographic Basin was completed by the effective date of this report.
Figure 3.3 Hydrographic Basins in the Golden Mile Property area. Golden Mile Patented Claims in center of map (shown in blue outline), straddling the Ione Valley and Big Smokey Valley Hydrographic Basins.
3.5 | Other Significant Factors and Risks |
Considerable effort has been expended on conducting surface inventories within the Golden Mile property site. For the most part, these surveys have focused on surface features and artifacts. No finds of significance have been identified to-date. Given the number of cultural and archeological resources in the region, it is possible for subsurface discoveries to be made during construction of future mine facilities. Such a discovery would require mitigation that could impact development of a mine.
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4 | ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY |
4.1 | Topography, Elevation and Vegetation |
The Golden Mile property is within the Basin and Range province, a major physiographic region of the western United States. The region is typified by north-northeast trending mountain ranges separated by broad, flat alluvium filled valleys. Locally, the mountain ranges trend northwesterly, making this area rather anomalous in relation to typical Nevada physiography. Much of the northern portion of the property is alluvial covered with volcanic rock outcrops.
The Golden Mile property lies on the northeastern slope and foothills of the Cedar Mountains. Elevations on the property site range from a minimum of 2,011 m (6,600 ft) in the valley to a maximum of 2,463 m (8,080 ft) at the uppermost elevation. The approximate elevation of the area known as the “Main Zone” on the Golden Mile patented claims is 2,134 m (7,000 ft).
Sagebrush, grasses, and scattered juniper are the dominant vegetation in the area which supports sparse deer and jackrabbit populations. No permitting problematic flora or fauna, such as Greater Sage-Grouse and Desert Tortoise, have been discovered on the property to-date.
4.2 | Accessibility and Transportation to the Property |
The Golden Mile property is accessible, in part, by highway and maintained county dirt and gravel roads (Fig. 4.1). The property can be reached from Hawthorne via Highway 95 east to Luning, then northeast on Nevada Highway 361, then south on gravel Nevada State Road 89 about 39 km (24 mi) to an unimproved dirt road which leads westward to the property. Alternatively, from Tonopah, travel 5 km (3 mi) west on U.S. Highway 95 to gravel Road 89, then northwest to about 69 km (43 mi) to the unimproved road leading west to the property. Regional roads are shown on the USGS lone Valley 1:100,000 topographic map. The immediate property area is shown on the USGS Simon 1:24,000 topographic map.
Both Hawthorne and Tonopah offer motel accommodations, restaurants, grocery stores and other services as well as fuel and other supplies. They are each the county seat for the respective counties of Mineral and Nye.
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Figure 4.1 Golden Mile Property Access (Location of the Main Zone Deposit is shown as a yellow star).
4.3 | Climate |
The climate for the Golden Mile property is dry, semi-arid, with annual precipitation of approximately 11.4 cm (4.5 in), as documented at the nearby Mina Meteorological Station. Average temperatures range from a low of -6.7° C (20° F) to an average high temperature of 38° C (100° F) during July. Light snow may cover the area from January to April in an average year. Generally, field operations can be conducted year-round.
4.4 | Sufficiency of Surface Rights |
Mineral Resources in this report are located on patented claims controlled by GRCN. As described elsewhere in this report, GRCN has secured and maintained the necessary permits for exploration of the Golden Mile property.
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4.5 | Infrastructure Availability and Sources |
4.5.1 Power
The closest power lines are located 8 km (5 mi) to the east in lone Valley. Future power needs for a proposed project at Golden Mile would likely require diesel powered generation.
4.5.2 Water
Perennial streams are not present in the Golden Mile property area. Water is currently available from springs and shallow surface wells located to east and to the west of the Main Zone deposit area. Drilling activities and hydrogeologic studies have identified potential groundwater sources for any future mine production and processing requirements.
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5 | HISTORY |
The Golden Mile property has a long history which includes limited mining development, as well as a considerable amount of recent exploration activity including mapping, surface and underground sampling, geophysical surveys and drilling. This exploration activity was completed by several companies and has defined a significant area of gold mineralization associated with skarn development and gold stockwork mineralization along intrusive contact zones with surrounding sediments.
5.1 | Prior Ownership and Ownership Changes |
The most recent documented ownership of the Golden Mile property begins in 1973 with Colorado Energy Corporation. Exploratory work at that time included initial geological mapping, rock sampling and small magnetic survey on the J claims in what is now the Golden Mile property area. Late in 1974, the property was farmed out to Standard Slag Company (Standard Slag). Standard Slag relinquished their option in November 1975. No work is reported on the property between 1975 and 1981.
During 1982 to 1988, a consortium of companies including Elmwood Resources Ltd., Blythwood Consolidated Resources Ltd., Silver Acorn Developments Ltd. and Luxor Explorations Inc. (referred to as Elmwood JV) leased the Golden Mile property from Colorado Energy Corporation. In 1988 - 1989, Battle Mountain Exploration Company (Battle Mountain) optioned the Golden Mile property from the Elmwood Resources et al. consortium. Battle Mountain dropped their option on the property in 1989 and the unpatented claims were allowed to lapse.
In 1991, Nevada Mine Properties (NMP) acquired the property by staking and eventually signing an agreement with the private patented claim holders. This included forming a partnership on the four patented claims thereby eliminating former onerous advance royalty payments and NSR terms.
US Minerals Exploration Company (USMX) leased the property from NMP in 1993. The property was turned back after one year and NMP dropped the lease on the patented claim portion of the property.
During 1994-1996, Hemlo Gold Mines Inc. (Hemlo), after merging with Battle Mountain, leased part of the property. Hemlo did no drilling, instead, performed data compilation, re-logging and re-assaying of RC chips and undertook limited thin section petrography. Free gold was identified within chlorite rich skarn, and an exploration model was constructed identifying retrograde skarn alteration. However, the property was dropped when Hemlo was unable to acquire key patented claims and decided against exploring only the unpatented claims only. In 1997, Prism Resources Inc. (Prism) leased the property from NMP. In 1998, Teck Resources Inc. (Teck) entered into an option to joint venture with Prism. Following the 1999 program, Teck relinquished its option in 2000 and Prism subsequently terminated its lease.
In 2002, Cordex, then Cordilleran Exploration, performed surface rock sampling on the property. Late in 2003, Purple Vein Resources Ltd. leased the Golden Mile property including the five patented claims from NMP. Three additional unpatented claims staked for NMP were added to the property in 2004. In
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
December 2004, the corporate name Purple Vein Resources Ltd. was changed to Columbus Gold Corporation (Columbus). Cordex, funded by Columbus, explored the property from 2004 to 2006. The patented claims were also reacquired through a lease with the various parties.
In 2006, Cordex determined that lease payments on the patented property were too expensive to continue exploration of the Golden Mile property. Cordex (Columbus) subleased the property to Portage Minerals Inc. (Portage) in 2007. Portage compiled and reviewed property data, evaluated drill hole data and relogged drill holes and prepared cross-sections with the purpose of planning further exploration. Portage also completed a NI43-101 report in preparation for going public. Portage subsequently farmed their interest in the property to Roscan in 2010. Roscan terminated its interest in the property in 2011. The unpatented claims were subsequently conveyed by Columbus to a new company, Nevada Mine Properties II Inc. (NMPII), and patented claims reverting back to underlying owners.
In 2015, NMPII signed an operating agreement (called “Cedar Mountain LLC”) with the owners of the Long Shot, Cypress, Scorpion, Copper King patented claims and a mining lease with the owners of the Copper Queen patented claim. These agreements successfully consolidated unpatented and patented claim interests on the Golden Mile property.
In November 2016, Kinross entered into a Mining Lease and Assignment covering the patented and unpatented mining claims held by Cedar Mountain LLC. No details for these transactions are available in the public record. In October 2019, Kinross terminated all interest lease agreements covering patented and unpatented claims at Golden Mile. Upon termination of the lease agreements, Kinross conveyed 363 unpatented mining claims to NMPII.
5.2 | Historical Exploration and Development |
A total of 20,158.2 m (66,131 ft) of air rotary or reverse circulation (RC) drilling and core has been performed at the Golden Mile property prior to acquisition by GRCN. This included work by Standard Slag, the Elmwood JV, Battle Mountain, USMX, Teck, Cordex, Roscan and Kinross (Table 5.1). All of these holes were located within the boundaries of the present-day Golden Mile property (Fig. 5.1). The vast majority of the drilling, however, has been directed towards the Main Zone located on the patented mineral claims.
The following is available for examination:
● | Skeleton core from a 5‐hole diamond drilling program conducted by Roscan in 2011, and |
● | Chip trays containing RC drill cuttings completed by Battle Mountain Gold Corporation (1988‐89), Cordex (2006-2007) and Kinross (2017-2019). |
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TABLE 5.1 Summary of Historic Drilling Completed at the Golden Mile Property
Company | Year | No. of | Type | Total | Total | Results |
Standard Slag | 1975 | 7 | Air track | 268 | 81.7 | 2 holes strong gold |
Elmwood JV | 1982-1988 | 18 | Air track | 1,141 | 347.8 | 11 holes with high Au |
Battle Mtn | 1988-1989 | 29 | RC | 11,650 | 3,551.8 | 11 holes with high Au |
USMX | 1993 | 15 | RC | 4,880 | 1,487.8 | best intercept 0.124 opt |
Teck | 1999 | 5 | RC | 3,474 | 1,059.1 | Weak Au in 4 holes |
Cordex | 2006-2007 | 28 | RC | 14,170 | 4,319 | Weak-stringer Au in 22 holes |
Roscan | 2011 | 5 | Core | 3,146 | 958.9 | Visible Au |
Kinross | 2017-2019 | 36 | RC | 27,402 | 8,352.1 | Deep conceptual targets |
Total | | 143 | | 66,131 | 20,158.2 | |
Figure 5.1 Location Map of Historic Drill Holes Completed on the Golden Mile Property
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Significant results from historic drilling included up to 10.26 g/t Au (0.30 opst Au) over 36.6 m (120 ft) including 34.89 g/t Au (1.02 opst Au) over 9.1 m (30 ft) and 6.04 g/t Au (0.19 opst Au) over 16.7 m (55 ft) including 29.75 g/t Au (0.87 opst Au) over 3.0 m (10 ft) in Hole CMA89-7 (Battle Mountain) and 46.53 g/t Au (1.36 opst Au) over 6.1 m (20 ft) including 91.00 g/t Au (2.66 opst Au) over 3.1 m (10 ft) in Hole GMC002 (Roscan). Significant results of historic drilling programs are summarized in Table 5.2. A significant portion of the information gained from this drilling has been used for estimation of the initial resources reported herein.
Table 5.2 Summary of Significant Historic Drilling Intercepts*
*Historic HoleID prefixes were designated by the following operators: CMA (USMX), CMA88 & CMA89 (Battle Mountain Exploration), GM (Elmwood Joint Venture), GMC (Roscan) & MI (Cordex).
The following generally describes the exploration and development work undertaken by previous owners and/or operators.
5.2.1 Early Exploration Work
The earliest documented exploration work was in 1973 by Colorado Energy Corporation who conducted initial geological mapping rock sampling and small magnetic survey on the claims in what is now the
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Golden Mile area. In 1975, Standard Slag drilled seven air track drill holes totaling 81.7 m (268 ft) in the area of historic magnetite/copper workings in the Main Zone of the Golden Mile property (Fig. 5.2). The deepest hole penetrated to depth of 18.3 m (60 ft) but several holes were lost in the underground workings.
Figure 5.2 Photos looking north at Main Zone of the Golden Mile property (left) and closeup of magnetite-copper mineralization exposed in small, historic open pit (right)
Standard Slag reported interceptions including 9.59 g/t Au (0.28 opst Au) over 3.1 m (10 ft) in Drill Hole AT-2B, and 7.19 g/t Au (0.21 opst Au) over 7.6 m (25 ft) in Drill Hole AT-1A, an inclined hole which drilled along strike (Jaramillo, 1975). All the remaining holes reportedly cut poorly mineralized limestone. Standard Slag relinquished their option in November 1975 and no further work was reported on the property between 1975 and 1982.
From 1982 to 1988, a joint venture comprised of Elmwood Resources Ltd, Blythwood Consolidated Resources Ltd, Silver Acorn Developments Ltd and Luxor Explorations Inc (Elmwood JV) performed geological mapping, a limited ground magnetic survey, and drilled 18 shallow air track holes totaling 347.8 m (1,141 ft). Elevated gold values were reported in 11 of the 18 holes including 9.59 g/t Au (0.28 opst Au over 15.2 m (50 ft) in hole GM15 and 3.46 g/t Au (0.101 opst Au) over 14.0 m (46 ft) in hole GM13 (Pegg, 1988). All holes were drilled within the Main Zone and in similarly altered rock to the west of the Main Zone and mineralized intercepts were within 30 m (100 ft) of surface. Two cyanide bottle roll tests were also completed early in the program returning gold recoveries of 84% and 81% after a 24-hour period (Dix, 1982).
During 1988 and 1989, Battle Mountain Exploration Company (Battle Mountain) completed rock sampling, wide-spaced ground magnetic and VLF-EM surveys and drilled 29 RC drill holes totaling 3,551.8 m (11,650 ft). Fifteen of the holes were drilled vertically and the remainder were angled holes. Holes were primarily drilled in the Main Zone and along the intrusive contact to the northeast. Several vertical holes were also drilled through post-mineral volcanic cover to the north and northeast extending the known mineralized zone to the northeast for at least a 100 m (300 ft). Elevated gold values were reported in 13 of the drill
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holes, including 28.96 m (95 ft) grading 19.86 g/t Au (0.580 opst Au) in drill hole 89-7, which included 46.92 g/t Au (1.37 opst Au) over 9.1 m (30 ft), and 8.90 g/t Au (0.26 opst Au) over 4.57 m (15 ft) in drill hole 88-2 (Gatchell, 1989).
In 1993, US Minerals Exploration Company (USMX) drilled 15 RC holes totaling 1,487.8 m (4,880 ft) mainly testing down-dip extensions of the mineralization intersected by Battle Mountain. The best intercept reported was 4.25 g/t Au (0.124 opst Au) over 13.7 m (45 ft) (Kern, 1998).
5.2.2 Teck
During 1998 and 1999, Teck Resources Inc. (Teck) completed a major exploration program including 4 km2 geological mapping and surface rock geochemical sampling (Hudson, 1998). Geophysical work was also conducted including 7.5 line-km of controlled-source, audio-frequency magneto-telluric (CSAMT), four linekm of dipole-dipole induced polarization (IP) and 38 line-km of ground magnetometer surveys.
Teck completed geological mapping over the entire property area at a scale of 1:6,000. Mesozoic rocks in the immediate mine area were mapped at 1:1,200, using an existing grid for control.
Teck also performed petrographic studies on four thin sections taken from cuttings from drill holes GMT-2 and GMT-3. Hudson (1999) described a variety of skarn assemblages from GMT-2, including garnet-diopside skarn with retrograde calcite-white mica in sandy or interbedded limestone, calcite-diopside-idocrase white mica skarn, and caicite-1, wollastonite skarn. From 1% to 5% fine-grained disseminated anhedral pyrite was also present in the chips. GMT-3 intercepted altered pyroxene diorite or gabbro (AnS0) with about 1% quartz. The diorite is weakly and variably altered to chlorite-epidote-calcite-clay assemblages. In some cases, the pyroxene has been replaced by actinolite. In other chips, pyroxene is replaced by calcite-epidote-chlorite. Bicchulite, (Ca2Al(SiAl)O7H2O) is tentatively identified as replacing plagioclase and pyroxene in some chips. The diorite hosts garnet diopside- calcite (+quartz) endoskarn with trace pyrrhotite. Quartz-calcite-filled fractures crosscut the garnet. Exoskarn chips in limestone are also present.
During 1998, Teck also collected 87 surface rock samples from the Golden Mile area, of which 67 were located within the boundaries of the present-day Golden Mile property. Of these 67 samples, gold results ranged from below detection (<5 ppb Au) to a maximum of 6,120 ppb Au (CDR-136.) Ten of these samples exceeded 500 ppb Au. Results for these highest ten samples are presented in Table 5.3.
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TABLE 5.3 Teck Significant Surface Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au)
Sample | Au (ppb) | Ag (ppm} | As (ppm) | Bi (ppm) | Cu (ppm) | Sb | (ppm) | Zn (ppm) |
CDR 136 | 6,120 | 3.8 | 394 | 28 | 2,750 | 72 | 2,540 | |
CDR 132 | 5,460 | 7.8 | 5,350 | 62 | 4,100 | 84 | 132 | |
CDR 129 | 4,160 | 7.0 | 358 | 10 | 6,130 | 38 | 328 | |
CDR 133 | 1,850 | 9.8 | 8,110 | 530 | 2,670 | 72 | 48 | |
CDR 8 | 1,455 | 3.6 | 590 | 0 | 2,200 | 40 | 136 | |
CDR 135 | 1,260 | 4.8 | 2,690 | 394 | 3,050 | 2 | 26 | |
CDR 130 | 905 | 5.8 | 792 | 20 | 3,530 | 18 | 112 | |
CDR 6 | 730 | 3.0 | 296 | Inf | >10,000 | 12 | 298 | |
CDR 7 | 645 | 2.0 | 2,630 | Inf | >10,000 | 98 | 1,855 | |
CDR 18 | 535 | 1.4 | 1,650 | Inf | 19 | 72 | 136 |
In 1999, Teck drilled five RC holes totaling 1,059.1 m (3,474 ft) testing extensions and new targets on the Golden Mile property, outside the Main zone. These holes were angled to depths of 165 m (540 ft) to 262 m (860 ft) targeting geophysical anomalies within the unpatented claim block. Two holes (GMT-3 & GMT-5) failed to reach the desired target and remained in volcanic rock. The northeast extension of the breccia zone also remained untested. Several of their holes cut relatively thick zones of low-grade gold approximately 457 m (1,500 ft) north and east of the Main Zone. At least one hole penetrated over 122 m (400 ft) of magnetite rich sediments with associated anomalous gold. This hole tested a large magnetic anomaly located on the east side of the property. Teck, as was the case with Battle Mountain, could not renegotiate lease terms with the patented claim owners in a timely manner and therefore no Teck drilling was collared on patented claims.
The most significant results were returned from Hole GMT-2 designed to test a magnetic high on the ridge, east of the Main Zone. A previous drill hole by Battle Mountain had encountered massive magnetite in this area. Silicified breccia and a CSAMT resistivity anomaly are also present on this ridge. Teck reported encountering 122 m (400 ft) of magnetitegarnet-sericite-calcite skarn in GMT-2 (Kuzma, 1999). Short intervals of elevated gold values were intersected within the skarn including 0.79 g/ Au (0.023 opst Au) over 6.1 m (20 ft) starting 189m (620 ft) downhole, and 0.465 g/t Au (0.014 opst Au over 3.1 m (10 ft) starting 226 m (740 ft) downhole.
5.2.3 Cordex
in 2002, Cordex, then Cordilleran Exploration Company, performed surface rock sampling on the property. Late in 2003, Purple Vein Resources Ltd leased the Golden Mile property including the five patented claims. In December 2004, the corporate name Purple Vein Resources Ltd was changed to Columbus Gold Corporation (Columbus).
In 2006, Cordex commenced an exploration program on the Golden Mile property funded by Columbus. Cordex conducted surface geological mapping at a scale of 200 feet to the inch (1:2,400) and detailed the
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distribution of rock types and outcrops and features related to mineralization, including structures, distribution of skarn alteration, and limonite. Cordex also mapped accessible underground workings at a scale of 20 feet to one inch (1:240). Geologic features were recorded, and representative underground rock-chip assay samples were collected across the back and along the walls of the workings. The geologic information collected, integrated with surface and subsurface data on distribution of gold mineralization, indicated that gold is located along northeast structural trend that lies along the contact of limestone with quartz diorite. Some northwest structures were also mapped and appeared to be related to the northeast-trending contact of the quartz diorite.
In 2002, Cordex collected 38 rock chip samples from within the current Golden Mile property boundaries. Five of the samples were RC cuttings from either the Teck or Battle Mountain drill holes. Results ranged up to 10,880 ppb Au. Four rock samples and four samples of cuttings returned gold values exceeding 500 ppb Au (Table 5.4).
TABLE 5.4 Cordex Significant Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au)
Sample | Au | Ag | As | Bi | Cu | Sb | Zn | Description |
3578 | 10,880 | 7.6 | 1,012 | 3870 | 2808 | 132 | 100 | o/c near adit, feox, mod sil |
3575 | 6,341 | 2.6 | 1,447 | 135 | 1094 | 18 | 21 | SLTw/Vcc gray, feox |
3588 | 5,411 | 5.9 | 123 | 14 | 3273 | 10 | 234 | sheared bleached SLT mt, feox, feox |
3571 | 2,728 | 0.6 | 29 | -1 | 4 | 4 | 10 | DH cuttings GMT-3 660-665 (1080 ppb) |
3570 | 1,856 | 0.5 | 104 | 5 | 52 | -2 | 10 | DH cuttings GMT-3 590-595 (1300 ppb) |
3582 | 1,301 | 0.6 | 150 | 11 | 44 | 2 | 12 | GMT-3 cuttings 590-595; gray QDR |
3583 | 1,233 | 0.7 | 25 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 11 | cuttings wk ox, tr veinqtz |
3568 | 713 | 2.7 | 413 | 19 | 1994 | 11 | 103 | dump, PY |
Columbus also funded Cordex to drill 28 RC holes totaling 4,319m (14,170 ft) in 2006. The principal objectives of the drill program were to establish lateral continuity of gold mineralization, determine the width and length of mineralized trends, and to achieve the understanding of the distribution and controls on gold mineralization. This program also tested down-dip and strike extensions of better grade mineralization identified from earlier drilling, primarily to the north and northeast under post-mineral volcanic cover. The most significant results were returned from Holes MI-06 and MI-12. Hole MI-06 intercepted 9.1 m (30 ft) averaging 3.54 g/t Au (0.103 opst Au) starting at 61.0 m (200 ft) down-hole and Hole MI-12 encountered 18.3 m (60 ft) averaging 7.14 g/t Au (0.208 g/t Au) starting at 51.8 m (170 ft) down-hole. Several holes intercepted >30 m (>100 ft) thick continuous zones of low-grade gold mineralization, approximately 0.3 g/t Au (0.01 opst Au).
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Significant results of the Cordex RC drilling program are summarized in Table 5.5.
TABLE 5.5 Significant Results from Cordex Drilling (from Suda, 2009)
Drill | Incl. | Total Depth | Total Depth | Intercept | Intercept | Interval | Interval | Au | Au |
Ml-01 | -50, N60W | 550 | 167.6 | 00-15 | 0.0-4.6 | 15 | 4.57 | 0.018 | 0.6 |
| | | | 29.0-36.6 | 25 | 7.62 | 0.038 | 1.291 | |
Ml-02 | -50, N55W | 450 | 137.2 | 00-85 | 0.0-25.9 | 85 | 25.91 | 0.036 | 1.222 |
| | includes | 00-50 | 0.0-15.2 | 50 | 15.24 | 0.058 | 2.002 | |
| | | 295-310 | 89.9-94.5 | 15 | 4.57 | 0.042 | 1.423 | |
Ml-03 | -50, N60W | 185 | 56.4 | 00-30 | 0.0-09.1 | 30 | 9.14 | 0.053 | 1.35 |
Ml-04 | -50, N60W | 495 | 150.9 | 125-130 | 38.8-39.6 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.018 | 0.622 |
Ml-05 | -50, N60W | 465 | 141.7 | No assays >500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-06 | -50, N60W | 595 | 181.3 | 200-230 | 61.0-70.1 | 30 | 9.14 | 0.103 | 3.54 |
| | | 265-270 | 80.8-83.3 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.023 | 0.95 | |
| | | 390-395 | 118.9-120.4 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.025 | 0.866 | |
| | | 590-595 | 179.8-181.3 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.029 | 0.988 | |
Ml-07 | -50, N60W | 550 | 167.6 | 230-235 | 70.1-71.6 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.026 | 0.882 |
Ml-08 | -50, N60W | 505 | 153.9 | 05.0-10.0 | 1.5-3.0 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.119 | 4.105 |
| | | 150-155 | 45.7-47.2 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.027 | 0.942 | |
| | | 195-200 | 59.4-61.0 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.029 | 0.979 | |
Ml-09 | -90 | 545 | 166.1 | No assays >500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-10 | -90 | 525 | 160 | 185-190 | 56.4-57.9 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.023 | 0.772 |
Ml-11 | -50, N60W | 495 | 150.9 | No assays >500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-12 | -50, N60W | 395 | 120.4 | 130-135 | 39.6-41.1 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.017 | 0.571 |
| | | 170-230 | 51.8-70.1 | 60 | 18.29 | 0.208 | 7.139 | |
| | includes | 170-200 | 51.8-61.0 | 30 | 9.14 | 0.402 | 13.807 | |
| | | 365-370 | 111.2-112.8 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.025 | 0.851 | |
| | | 380-390 | 115.8-118.9 | 10 | 3.05 | 0.028 | 0.932 | |
Ml-13 | -50, N60W | 685 | 208.8 | 205-215 | 62.5-65.5 | 10 | 3.05 | 0.106 | 3.62 |
| | | 255-260 | 77.7-79.2 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.175 | 6 | |
| | | 275-280 | 83.8-91.9 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.018 | 0.608 | |
| | | 405-410 | 123.4-125.0 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.023 | 0.802 | |
| | | 600-605 | 182.9-184.4 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.067 | 1.518 | |
MI-14 | -50, N60W | 585 | 178.3 | 210-215 | 64.0-65.5 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.016 | 0.53 |
| | | 300-305 | 91.4-93.0 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.029 | 0.987 | |
| | | 410-420 | 125.0-128.0 | 10 | 305 | 0.022 | 0.754 | |
| | | 470-485 | 143.2-147.8 | 15 | 4.57 | 0.017 | 0.569 | |
| | | 525-535 | 160.0-163.1 | 10 | 3.05 | 0.031 | 1.059 | |
MI-15 | -90 | 665 | 202.7 | 415-420 | 126.5-128.0 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.046 | 1.559 |
Ml-16 | -50, N60W | 556 | 169.2 | 195-200 | 59.5-61.9 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.037 | 1.277 |
| | | 215-300 | 66.5-91.5 | 85 | 25.91 | 0.022 | 0.786 | |
| | | 215-275 | 65.5-83.4 | 60 | 18.29 | 0.017 | 0.569 | |
| | | 275-300 | 83.4-91.5 | 25 | 7.62 | 0.038 | 1.307 | |
| | | 435-440 | 132.6-134.1 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.017 | 0.567 | |
Ml-17 | -50. N62W | 495 | 150.9 | 415-425 455-470 | 126.5-129.6 138.7-143.3 | 10 15 | 3.05 4.57 | 0.015 0.019 | 0.542 0.774 |
Ml-18 | -50, N60W | 525 | 160 | 380-385 | 115.9-117.4 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.029 | 1.007 |
| | | 455-460 | 138.7-140.2 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.043 | 1.472 | |
| | | 495-500 | 150.9-152.4 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.015 | 0.52 | |
Ml-19 | -50, N60W | 503 | 153 | 210-215 | 64.0-65.5 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.022 | 0.75 |
| | | 280-290 | 85.4-88.4 | 10 | 3.05 | 0.022 | 0.769 | |
| | | 415-425 | 126.5-129.6 | 10 | 3.05 | 0.038 | 1.286 | |
| | | 440-445 | 134.1-135.7 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.096 | 3.28 | |
| | | 495-503 | 150.9-153.4 | 8 | 2.44 | 0.033 | 1.145 | |
Ml-20 | -50, N61W | 555 | 169.2 | No assays > 500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-21 | -50, N60W | 500 | 152.4 | 75-90 | 22.9-27.4 | 15 | 4.57 | 0.037 | 1.273 |
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| | | | 85-90 135-145 230-255 465-480 | 25.9-27.4 41.2-44.2 70.1-77.7 141.8-146.3 | 5 10 25 15 | 1.52 3.05 7.62 4.57 | 0.065 0.017 0.015 0.024 | 2.214 0.568 0.502 0.829 |
Ml-22 | -50, N60W | 500 | 152.4 includes | 150-340 150-190 180-185 210-230 240-270 285-300 360-365 390-400 | 45.7-103.7 45.7-57.9 54.7-56.4 64.0-70.1 73.2-82.3 86.9-91.5 109.8-111.3 118.9-122.0 | 190 40 5 20 30 15 5 10 | 58 12.19 1.52 6.1 9.14 4.57 1.52 3.05 | 0.019 0.020 0.088 0.074 0.015 0.028 0.092 0.013 | 0.644 0.673 2.508 0.514 0.943 3.134 0.529 |
Ml-23 | -50, N60W | 495 | 150.9 | 255-260 335-355 335-340 | 77.7-79.3 102.1-108.2 102.1-103.7 | 5 20 5 | 1.52 6.1 1.52 | 0.089 0.027 0.073 | 3.032 0.913 2.492 |
Ml-24 | -50, N60W | 500 | 152.4 | No assays > 500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-25 | -50, S25W | 500 | 152.4 includes | 380-395 385-390 | 115.9-120.4 117.3-118.9 | 15 5 | 4.57 1.52 | 0.025 0.053 | 0.859 1.805 |
MI-26 | -50, S26W | 500 | 152.4 | 220-225 315-320 | 67.1-68.6 96.0-97.6 | 5 5 | 1.52 1.52 | 0.031 0.04 | 1.067 1.384 |
Ml-27 | -50, S50W | 410 | 125 | No assays > 500 ppb | | | | | |
Ml-28 | -50. S45E | 445 | 135.7 | No assays > 500 ppb | | | | | |
5.2.4 Portage
Portage Minerals Inc (Portage) optioned the Golden Mile property from Columbus in late 2007. Portage completed a detailed data review and evaluated drill-hole data and cross sections with the purpose of planning further exploration. Portage also commissioned the preparation of a NI 43-101 Technical Report for the property (Suda, 2009). This report incorporated the findings of a proprietary report by Dr Richard Nielsen of Scott Wilson-Roscoe Postle Associates on behalf of Portage in 2008. GRCN has not obtained a copy of this proprietary report.
5.2.5 Roscan
In 2011, Roscan drilled five diamond core (HQ-size) holes totaling 958.9m (3,146 ft) on the Golden Mile property (Roscan, 2011). Four of the holes were drilled as twin holes to RC holes drilled by previous explorers (mainly Battle Mountain and Cordex) to compare assay results and to determine controls on gold mineralization. One hole was drilled to test a mapped north-northwest trending shear zone. The core holes drilled to twin previously drilled RC holes were located as close to each respective hole as practical. “Twins” may have been as far as 15m (50 ft) from the original hole mainly due to previous site reclamation and lack of adequate surveying of original collars. Both the RC holes and the core holes were sampled on 1.52m (5 ft) intervals.
All Roscan core holes cut ore-grade to significant gold mineralization (Table 5.6). Drill holes intercepted up to 6.1 m (20.0 ft) averaging 46.40 g/t Au (1.353 opst Au) in Drill Hole GMC002, which twinned a previous RC hole that intersected 9.1 m (30.0 ft) averaging 46.97 g/t Au (1.37 opst Au). High-grade gold mineralization was observed to be concentrated in iron oxide veinlet zones that represent weathered pyrite veinlet zones that trend north-northwest within calcareous sandstone and quartz diorite. Hole
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GMC002 also intercepted 22.9m (75 ft) grading 0.74 g/t Au (0.022 opst Au) starting 86.7 m (285 ft) down-hole.
Generally, the core holes intersected narrower and, locally, lower-grade intercepts relative to the earlier rotary drilling. In some cases, grades exceeded the nearby RC holes. Based on the limited data on recovery and the condition of the core, it is reasonable to assume that some recovery problems with core were experienced within the mineralized zones.
TABLE 5.6 Significant Results from Roscan Drilling (from Roscan, 2011)
5.2.6 NMPII
In 2014, NMPII completed a reevaluation of past drilling activities including compilation of a digital database which identified numerous deficiencies in the drill data (NMPII, 2014). In particular, the assay data showed that mineralization was erratic. During the last four of five drill programs completed before 2014, duplicate assaying was done on higher grade samples. Gold values were found to have reasonable repeatability at lower grades. Higher grade intervals (>1 g/t Au), however, tended to vary as much as 200% when reassayed. NMPII reported that it was not uncommon to see values ranging from 15 g/t Au (0.438 opst) to over 50 g/t Au (1.46 opst) from the same sample. These samples included reassay of pulps, rejects and second samples collected during drilling. Free gold was noted drill cuttings and core by several past exploration groups and a pronounced nugget effect most likely accounts for the discrepancy in the high-grade samples.
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5.2.7 Kinross
During the lease period 2016-2019, NMPII reported that Kinross provided no interpretive data and very few reports on their exploration activities. Kinross developed an initial exploration model and identified targets over time as they enlarged the claim block. Kinross concluded that their geologic model did not comport to their exploration findings. This included drill testing of a significant IP chargeability high/resistivity low, south of Golden Mile skarn.
In summary, from 2016 to 2019 Kinross performed the following exploration work on the Golden Mile property:
1. | Rock and Soil Sampling |
2. | Airborne VTEM geophysical survey (resistivity and magnetics) |
3. | Ground gravity survey |
4. | IP-Resistivity survey (one line) completed by Zonge Geoscience Inc. (Zonge) |
5. | Geologic mapping by John Norby and Gerry Ray |
6. | Petrographic studies |
7. | 36 RC drill holes totaling 8,352.1 m (27,402 ft); included drill testing of IP chargeability high/resistivity low, south of Golden Mile skarn. |
In general, RC drilling by Kinross returned only elevated gold values with the most significant results returned from drill hole GM19-15. This hole was drilled in the vicinity of the Golden Mile Main Zone and intersected 12.19 m (40.0 ft) averaging 0.47 g/t Au (0.01 opst Au) including 4.57 m (15 ft) averaging 0.79 g/t (0.02 opst Au).
Significant results of the Kinross RC drilling program are summarized in Table 5.7.
TABLE 5.7 Significant Results from Kinross Drilling 2017-2019
Target | DH ID |
| From | To | Interval | Au |
| m | m | m | g/t | ||
GM | GM17-01 |
| 28.96 | 30.48 | 1.52 | 0.266 |
BELL | BL18-06 |
| 227.08 | 234.70 | 7.62 | 0.375 |
inc. | 228.60 | 230.12 | 1.52 | 0.867 | ||
GM | GM19-02 |
| 38.10 | 41.15 | 3.05 | 0.271 |
GM19-09 |
| 71.63 | 73.15 | 1.52 | 1.020 | |
GM19-10 |
| 193.55 | 196.60 | 3.05 | 0.337 | |
GM19-15 |
| 6.10 | 10.67 | 4.57 | 0.413 | |
inc. | 6.10 | 7.62 | 1.52 | 0.837 | ||
| 24.38 | 27.43 | 3.05 | 0.288 | ||
inc. | 24.38 | 25.91 | 1.52 | 0.512 | ||
| 35.05 | 44.20 | 9.14 | 0.271 | ||
inc. | 35.05 | 38.10 | 3.05 | 0.489 | ||
| 41.15 | 44.20 | 3.05 | 0.263 | ||
| 59.44 | 71.63 | 12.19 | 0.470 | ||
inc. | 62.48 | 67.06 | 4.57 | 0.789 | ||
| 68.58 | 70.10 | 1.52 | 0.844 | ||
| 79.25 | 105.16 | 25.91 | 0.212 | ||
inc. | 83.82 | 85.34 | 1.52 | 0.502 | ||
| 97.54 | 99.06 | 1.52 | 0.455 |
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In June 2016, Kinross contracted consulting geologist Gerry Ray to examine the geology, the various styles of alteration and the Au-bearing Cu-Fe skarn mineralization on the Golden Mile property (Ray, 2016). A total of 59 rock chip or grab samples were collected representing all types of hydrothermal and non-hydrothermal alteration. The samples were submitted to ALS USA Inc. (ALS) in Reno for whole rock and trace element analysis, including for gold and silver assay. Assays showed that all 7 samples taken from the Main Zone were anomalous in gold (minimum 266 ppb to a maximum of 2,390 ppb Au) and that most samples contain significant amounts of copper (maximum 9 % Cu). In addition, many Main Zone samples were anomalous in other elements including silver (up to 12.1 ppm Ag) together with As, Zn, Bi, Sb, Te, and Co. However, apart from the Main Zone, no Dunlap Formation rocks outcropping on surface within the Golden Mile Stock thermal aureole contain significant amounts of gold or base metal mineralization; this includes the more extensive areas of hornfels (Unit HF) and silicification (Unit S) as well as those with more limited and sporadic exoskarn alteration (Unit SK). Most of the Luning Formation samples were also barren, including beds cut by veins of Fe carbonate. One exception occurs in the southernmost elongate unit of impure limestone where there are several small workings including a vertical shaft. Assays of this hematite-goethite-rich material, as seen on the shaft dump contains up to 5.5% Cu with anomalous quantities of Zn, As, Bi, Sb, Se, Co and Ag (the latter up to 8.5 ppm Ag). However, gold values are very low with a maximum of 20 ppb Au. Most of the Golden Mile Stock, including parts with dense quartz-feldspar stockwork veins and rusty weathering zones are barren of base and precious metal mineralization. By contrast, the 5 endoskarn samples contain anomalous amounts of gold and other elements, particularly samples from the western portion of the stock.
Table 5.8 below compares the average values of the major elements in the endoskarn and non- endoskarn-altered Golden Mile Stock. The endoskarn has noticeably higher amounts of Fe, Ca, Mg and LoI, and considerably lower values of Si, Al, Na and K (Ray, 2016).
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TABLE 5.8 Comparing average assay values for various parts of the Golden Mile Stock (Ray, 2016): (1) Stock with few or no veins: (2) Stock with abundant stockworks: (3) Endoskarn. Anomalous values in red
5.3 | Geophysics |
Various types of geophysical surveys have been carried out on the Golden Mile property since the 1980’s. The earliest documented surveys were carried out by Battle Mountain in 1988-1989 and Teck Resources in 1999. These surveys included a ground magnetic (GMAG) survey using a hand-held magnetometer, controlled source audio magneto-telluric (CSAMT) and induced polarization (IP).
In late 2016, Kinross contracted Zonge Geosciences (Zonge) to fly a Versatile Time Domain Electromagnetic (VTEM) survey over the Golden Mile property, which also included both electromagnetic and magnetic data. Gold related skarn mineralization was the main target type sought. Kinross also had Zonge complete a gravity survey in the spring of 2017 and an IP/Resistivity survey in the winter of 2018. The primary objective of these surveys was lithologic/structural definition and alteration delineation in support of the gold exploration program.
The location of geophysical surveys completed to-date are shown in Figure 5.3.
The reader is referred to reports by previous operators for descriptions of results and interpretation of historical geophysical studies at Golden Mile.
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Figure 5.3 Location Map of Geophysical Surveys Completed on the Golden Mile Property
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5.4 | Historical Production |
Gold and copper mineralization were first discovered in the Golden Mile area by Jesse Workman in 1902 (O’Donnell, 2006.). J. L. Walsh acquired the property in about 1916, but the property lay dormant from about 1918 to 1935. The bulk of the recorded historical production took place in 1935 and 1936. Ore was mined from a small open cut approximately 91 m (300 ft) x 30 m (100 ft) x 12 m (40 ft) deep, and from shallow underground workings beneath it. Total production at that time is reported to have been about 9,100 tonnes (10,000 short tons) at a gold grade of approximately 3.4 g/t Au (0.10 opst Au). Assays from two shipments of hand sorted ore shipped to the ASARCO smelter in Salt Lake City in 1936 are reported in Vanderburg (1937) as tabulated in Table 5.9. This mined material was copper-bearing magnetite skarn taken from the Main Zone at Golden Mile. Gangue material for this rock is described as iron oxide and calcite containing an average of 30% iron.
Table 5.9 1936 Production Assays (Vanderburg, 1937)
Reported Assays, 1936 | Gold (opst) | Silver (opst) | Copper (%) | Arsenic (%) |
Asarco Settlement Assay | 0.345 | 1.15 | 1.66 | 0.3 |
Union Assay Report | 0.26 | 1.2 | 1.06 | Trace |
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6 | GEOLOGICAL SETTING, MINERALIZATION, AND DEPOSIT |
6.1 | Regional Geology |
The Golden Mile property is located in the central portion of the Walker Lane trend, a major northwest-aligned structurally deformed zone on the western border of Nevada characterized by a series of closely spaced dextral strike-slip faults that have been active throughout much of the middle to late Cenozoic (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2). It is a complex accommodation zone up to 300 km (186 mi) wide and approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) long positioned between the western boundary of the extensional Basin and Range Province and the Sierra Nevada microplate. Translation along this boundary has been shown to accommodate nearly 20% of North American and Pacific plate translational motion (Ferranti et al., 2009; Carlson et al., 2013). This area remains tectonically active at present.
The Walker Lane trend is documented to be at least as old as 28 Ma and deformation has varied over time, with initial extension in a north to north-northeast direction and characterized by west-northwest to northwest-trending strike-slip faults. Locally these faults serve as the primary controls for mineralization at Golden Mile. Important regional structural timing (Albino and Boyer, 1992; Anderson et al., 2012; Colgan et al., 2006) of events includes:
Ø | 26 Ma: Initiation of Walker Lane (east-west alignments) |
Ø | 19 Ma: Middle stage Walker Lane (northwesterly alignment of faults, with possible left-lateral movements on NW aligned faults) |
Ø | 17–12 Ma: Basin and Range extension and late tilting (western Nevada) (N-NE trending structures) |
Ø | Post–17 Ma possible left-lateral strike-slip faulting, reactivation of basement faults? |
Regionally, the Golden Mile property is situated along the eastern flanks of the Cedar Mountains. The Cedar Mountains are underlain by Triassic to Jurassic aged carbonates and clastic rocks which have been intruded by Cretaceous to Tertiary dioritic to granitic intrusives (Kern, 1998). Quartz monzonite intrusives are most common. These rocks are overlain by Miocene to Pliocene age rhyolitic to basaltic volcanics and volcaniclastics. Miocene-Pliocene lake beds, including diatomite deposits, lap onto the edge of the range. Quaternary alluvium largely consisting of alluvial fans spreading from major drainages into adjacent valleys covers much of region. Large-scale folding of basement rocks has been mapped within the range which may be associated with the Sevier Orogeny. Principal faults on a regional scale are Tertiary-aged northwest-trending strike-slip faults of the Walker Lane trend.
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Figure 6.1 Generalized Geologic Map of Nevada showing location of Golden Mile property (from Tingley, 1999).
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Figure 6.2 Shaded relief map of western North America with state boundaries in white. Yellow shade indicates extent of Walker Lane defined by Carlson et. al. 2013. Fault zones are shown in red and defined as: ECSZ-Eastern
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California shear zone; SAFZ-San Andres fault zone, GFZ-Garlock fault zone. Golden Mile property location is indicated with a red star (after Carlson et. al., 2013). Red box denotes Central Walker Lane.
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6.2 | Local and Property Geology |
The oldest rocks on the Golden Mile property are the Triassic Luning Formation, composed of a thin bedded to massive sedimentary sequence of calcareous siltstone, thin- to medium-bedded limestone and dolomitic limestone, argillite and sandstone (Ray, 2016). The upper 150 m are dominantly carbonate rocks, locally quite fossiliferous.
The Luning Formation is unconformably overlain by Jurassic-age siliciclastic and lesser calcareous sedimentary rocks of the Dunlap Formation. Both formations have been folded and are now steeply to sub-vertically inclined. Both units have been intruded by various granitoid stocks, sills and dikes that include quartz diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite and felsic quartz-feldspar porphyry. One quartz diorite-granodiorite body is named “the Golden Mile Stock” and may be responsible for the Au-Cu (Fe) skarn mineralization (Ray, 2016). The stock is only exposed on surface in three small areas because most of its northern extent is covered by younger Tertiary volcanic rock. Most of the latter are a bimodal suite of felsic to mafic volcanic flows and tuffs.
The magnetite skarn in the Main Zone at Golden Mile was the primary source of historical production on the property. The vast majority of the exploration drilling has been directed towards the Main Zone, located on the patented mineral claims.
Geologic map of the Golden Mile property area showing the location of the Golden Mile Main Zone deposit is presented in Figure 6.3. Schematic cross-section looking northeast at Golden Mile is shown on Figure 6.4.
See Figure 6.5 for a map of the Main Zone deposit area of the Golden Mile property and Figure 6.6 for a stratigraphic column showing geology and alteration of the Main Zone area of the Golden Mile property.
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Figure 6.3 Geologic Map of the Golden Mile Property Area (Location of Golden Mile Main Zone deposit shown as yellow star). Abbreviations: GM Stock = Golden Mile Stock, Jd = Jurassic Dunlap Fm, Qal = Quaternary Alluvium, TRL = Triassic Luning Fm, Ta = Tertiary andesite, Tb = Tertiary basalt, Tgd = Tertiary granodiorite, Tqm = Tertiary quartz monzonite, Tt = Tertiary tuff, Tv = Tertiary volcanics, fi and mi = undifferentiated age; felsic dike/alaskite (?) and porphyritic andesite (?), respectively.
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Figure 6.4 Schematic cross-section looking northeast at Golden Mile (Location of cross-section shown on Figure 6.3).
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Figure 6.5 Geologic Map of the Main Zone deposit area of the Golden Mile Property (Lithologic units described in Figure 6.6).
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Figure 6.6 Stratigraphic Column Showing Geology and Alteration at the Golden Mile Property
6.2.1 Lithology
6.2.1.1 | Sedimentary Rocks |
The Luning Formation is well exposed south and SW of the Golden Mile Stock separated by a 50 to 250 m-wide belt of Jurassic- age Dunlap Formation (Ray, 2016). In the Main Zone area, the Luning Formation is marked by three prominent beds of impure limestone that lie 200 m apart and which occupy low topographic ridges. The bedded units trend SW to WSW, dip steeply either NW or SE and can be traced discontinuously along strike for up to 300 m. At their NE extremities, close to the contact with the Dunlap Formation, the limestone outcrops are 5 to 15 m wide but to the SW the three individual beds tend to
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thicken and are up to 25 m wide. Locally, the limestones contain numerous veins of yellow-brown colored Fe carbonate that both follow and cross-cut the bedding. The southernmost limestone unit contains some Cu and Fe oxide showings that have been developed in shallow underground workings.
Several authors (O’Donnell, 2006; Suda, 2009) mention the presence in the district of the Triassic-age Gabbs Formation which conformably overlies the Luning rocks. Hudson (1998) describes the formation as being up to 75 m thick and comprising reddish, tan to green shale, siltstone and minor limestone. Hematite stain is common in these rocks.
The Jurassic-age Dunlap Formation unconformably overlies the Triassic rocks but where observed the contact between the two formations is marked by shearing and brittle faulting. This formation also forms a belt of variably altered sedimentary rocks that separate the Luning rocks from the Golden Mile Stock further north. The Dunlap Formation consists of massive marble to poorly bedded siliciclastic siltstones and quartzites with some minor, thin beds of limestone. Calcareous arkose and greywacke are also assigned to the Dunlap Formation. Many of these units are silicified and due to contact metamorphism hornfels rocks are present, presumably related to the intrusion of the Golden Mile Stock. The hornfels rocks also host the most prominent, structurally- controlled magnetite-Cu-Au exoskarn, exposed in the Golden Mile Main Zone (Fig. 6.7).
Figure 6.7 Magnetite-Copper Skarn of the Main Zone at Golden Mile. Photo on right shows metasomatic bands of mainly magnetite and calcite.
6.2.1.2Volcanic Rocks
A series of Tertiary-aged post-mineral rhyolitic ash flow crystal tuffs and dark andesitic to basaltic flows overlie the Mesozoic rocks at Golden Mile. Some of the volcanic rocks, especially the more mafic flows, host magnetite. Synvolcanic intrusive rocks including a rhyolitic plug, quartz porphyry dykes and andesitic dykes are also reported in the area. Thin veneers of basalt flows cap some of the hills in the property area.
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6.2.1.3Intrusive Rocks
High-level plutons, dikes and sills, assumed to be either Cretaceous or Tertiary age, intrude the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Ferguson and Muller (1949) estimated the age of the intrusions in the northern Cedar Mountains as Jurassic. Two age dates were subsequently performed on the rocks of the Cedar Pass pluton. The first date was 40 + 10 Ma (Eocene) using the lead alpha method from zircon from the granitic mass about 8 km (5 mi) southeast of the Simon mine on Cedar Mountain (Ross, 1961). The second date was a K-Ar age run on a biotite separate from a small pod of quartz monzodiorite that crops out on the southern contact of the Cedar Pass pluton (Pullman,1983). The biotite separate yielded a date of 24.2 + 1.0 Ma (Oligocene). The known margins and extent of the intrusions are poorly constrained owing to widespread extent of post-mineral volcanic cover rocks, but their age definitely appears to be Tertiary.
Hornfels and garnet-magnetite skarns are developed along the margins of the intrusive bodies. Skarn rocks are present along structures in both sedimentary and intrusive rocks. An elongate dike-like body of quartz porphyry or rhyolite composition cuts the Mesozoic sediments and parallels the main trend of mineralization. This highly siliceous and hydrothermally altered fine-grained rock may contain 2-4% disseminated pyrite. Its age is assumed to be Cretaceous or Tertiary and relationship to the quartz diorite plutons is uncertain.
In the Main Zone area at Golden Mile mineralization appears associated with two larger intrusive bodies, the most economically important being the Golden Mile Stock which is the probable source of the mineralizing skarn fluids (Ray, 2016). Another much larger but much less mineralized felsic body lies NW of the Golden Mile Stock and is named the “Northwest Pluton”.
The Golden Mile Stock is only exposed in three small areas, however to the north it is unconformably overlain by the suite of Tertiary volcanics. According to Ray (2016), some historic drilling though the volcanics into the underlying stock show that the volcanic cover is often very thin (<25 m). Thus, prior to the volcanic eruption the stock was probably erosionally recessive resulting in topographic low ground which was infilled by the volcanic flows. The three separate surface exposures of the Golden Mile Stock are believed to belong to a single large body that extends northwards beneath the Tertiary cover and also possibly southwards below the sedimentary siliciclastic Dunlap Formation. Thus, the stock could be a relatively large body, and any reactive limey rocks adjacent to the stock’s margin beneath the Tertiary flows or Dunlap Formation could host mineralized skarn or replacement deposits.
The Golden Mile stock is comprised of dark, massive, medium to coarse-grained quartz-diorite- granodiorite that is locally quartz-rich; it is estimated to contain between 8% to 15% hornblende with trace biotite (Ray, 2016). It can be moderately porphyritic with larger crystals of feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals. In places close to the stock’s contact with the Dunlap Formation the intrusive rocks tend to be lighter colored and finer grained. In many places the stock is cut by stockwork veins of thin quartz and feldspar, some of which contain small quantities of pyrite and trace chalcopyrite. In two areas the stock is overprinted by garnet endoskarn alteration, the most westerly of these areas also includes the presence of magnetite and significant gold mineralization.
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The Northwest Pluton is a pale pink to white colored, leucocratic quartzo-feldspathic rock of probable quartz monzonite composition. The ground mass varies from fine to medium grained and the rock contains scattered phenocrysts of rounded, glassy quartz that reach 0.2 cm in diameter. Lesser amounts of feldspar phenocrysts are also present, together with minute traces of a small, dark, unidentified ferro-magnesian mineral that when weathered leaves small pits. Some trace fine grained sericite is also present. Many outcrops of the Northwest Pluton are cut by veins and veinlets of gray vuggy quartz up to 0.5 cm in thickness and spaced 1 to 5 cm apart. Many veins have a NW to NNW orientation which is sub-parallel to a prominent fault in the area. In addition to the veins, the weathered pluton is also marked by thin zones and spots of jarosite staining, many of which lie sub-parallel to the quartz veins.
Also present in the area are several widely scattered dikes and sills. Between the Main Zone and margin of the Golden Mile Stock at least two thin (<5 m; 16 ft) dikes of hornblende porphyry granodiorite are seen; these are probably related to the stock, and the altered siliciclastic rocks immediately adjacent to one dike has Cu and Fe oxide staining. In addition, there are highly leucocratic, quartz-feldspar-rich dikes. One of the larger dikes is at least 60 m (197 ft) long and 15 m (49 ft) wide and trends NE, sub- parallel to the Main Zone, as do other thinner dikes located further west in the Luning Formation (Ray, 2016).
Another noteworthy set of dikes cuts the Northwest Pluton, NW of the Golden Mile Stock. These dikes are comprised of an unaltered, medium to dark grey, feldspar-porphyritic, medium to coarse grained rock of granodiorite composition. Locally, these dikes have abundant glassy quartz, and the feldspar phenocrysts reach 0.3 mm in size. Some outcrops have small (<1.5 cm), rounded dark xenoliths that when weathered become jarosite-stained. Another distinctive feature is that many elongate feldspars have a sub-parallel orientation and locally the rocks contain thin flow-bands that reach 2 mm in width. At least four outcrops have been observed and are believed to represent two dikes, each < 5 m (16 ft) thick which trend NW-SE, parallel to the quartz veinlets in the Northwest Pluton and a fault in the Main Zone area. The age of the dikes is unknown although they could represent feeders for some of the more siliceous overlying Tertiary volcanics (Ray, 2016).
6.2.2 Structural Geology
There are two dominant structural trends on the property, namely (i) NW-SE which is parallel to the Walker Lane Fault Zone and (ii) NNE to NE which is nearly orthogonal to the Walker Lane. The latter appears to be the trend of the Main Zone which is spatially associated with the strongest exoskarn mineralization seen on surface. Some northeast trending faults are occupied by dykes. The true dip of the 200 to 300 m-long Main Zone Fault is unknown and at its southern end it is sharply truncated by the NW-trending “Road Fault” which appears to be a major dextral feature (Fig. 6.8).
The Road Fault separates the Dunlap rocks from the Luning and surface mapping and drilling in the Main Zone indicates the Road Fault dips steeply to the northeast. The Road Fault is not apparently mineralized. Northwest faults, like the Road Fault, appear to offset the northeast faults with dextral displacement and offset extensions of the northeast structures may be possible drill targets. Past workers had interpreted the Road Fault to be part of the Tertiary Walker Lane generation of structures, assigning northeast dips
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and possibly substantial post-mineral right lateral offsets. Teck geologists (Kuzma, 1999) have suggested this fault is in fact older - a thrust fault along which a nappe of Luning-Gabbs-Dunlap rock is thrust over the Dunlap. They suggest that the thrust was subsequently rotated into a high angle orientation, possibly during folding.
Figure 6.8 Road Fault mylonite breccia (Hole GMDD-13 @ 315 ft)
Where exposed, the rocks of both the Luning and Dunlap Formations mostly strike SW-NE and are steeply inclined (50 degrees to sub-vertical) with dips either to the NW or SE. No small-scale folds were seen but the northernmost elongate limestone unit of the Luning Formation has a pronounced fracture cleavage. Although abundant structural data is lacking, Ray (2016) noted it is possible that the three elongate limestone units of the Luning represent part of a single bedded horizon that was deformed by tight folds having SW to WSW trending axial planes and wavelengths of 200 m (575 ft).
Fractures associated with the Walker Lane NW-SE trend are observed cutting the Northwest Pluton (Ray, 2016). This includes a 0.6 m (2 ft) -wide, NW striking fault that dips 62 degrees NE. This rusty zone contains tectonic slices of silicified, Fe-oxide-stained rock and quartz vein material. There are also some post fault quartz veins up to 2 cm (0.79 in) thick; these have crystal-lined vugs up to 0.75 cm (0.30 in) in diameter. Two narrow flow-banded granodiorite dikes were also observed by Ray to intrude the NW striking fault set.
A recent detailed oriented core study was undertaken in conjunction with Oriented Targeting Systems and Burtner (2021) concluded that gold grade is controlled by a mix of structural and lithological factors. He defined three structural grade zones: Southwest, Central and Northeast (Fig. 6.9). Although well-
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defined spatially, the structural zones do not fully explain the grade geometry. The strongest steep, NW-SE striking structures may be the first order control of gold grade.
Figure 6.9 3D Structural Interpretation of the Southwest, Central and Northeast Structural Grade Zones of the Main Zone at Golden Mile (Burtner, 2021).
The “SW Grade Zone” is restricted to magnetite skarn alteration. Grade does not appear to be strongly correlated with veining. The skarn alteration is likely to have a structural control, but it’s timing is unclear. According to Burtner (2021), if the magnetite skarn is related to the Jurassic intrusions, it is unlikely to be related to the more recent dextral faulting. If the skarn is related to the Tertiary intrusions, there may be an association with the Road Fault tectonics.
The “Central Grade Zone” is controlled by splays associated with dextral Road Fault motion. The dominant steep, NW-SE striking splay fabric forms a primary control on localizing high-grade zones (Fig. 6.10). This Central Zone may be bounded by a fault on the eastside (East Margin fault), but the limit is less clear to the west. Depending on the nature of the western margin, this zone may be a diffuse damage zone in the hanging wall of the East Margin fault, or a zone of distributed damage between two dextral fault splays. Within the high-grade corridor, grade is strongly correlated to steep NW-dipping vein arrays, roughly orthogonal to bounding faults. Within the splay-controlled corridors, lithologic control was also evident from the oriented core study and the Dunlap unit hosts much of the veining, while the quartz diorite unit appears much less favorable.
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Fig. 6.10 Examples of high-grade gold intercepts from the Center Grade Zone, A) Hole GMDD-002, 8.5 – 10.1 m (28-33 ft); assay 17.45 ppm (0.51 opst) Au, B) Hole GMDD-004, 64.6-66.1 m (212-217 ft); assay 8.66 ppm (0.25 opst) Au (Burtner, 2021)
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The “NE Grade Zone” is also lithologically controlled. There appears to be a spatial association between the high-grade intervals and the quartz diorite-Dunlap contacts, with gold concentrated more favorably in the Dunlap unit. Some degree of structural control may also be present in this zone, with higher grades associated with intersections between the NW-SE splay fabric and the quartz diorite-Dunlap contact.
Burtner (2021) suggested that structural fabrics, both faults and veins, agree with a complex dextral-slip fault model of the Road Fault (Fig. 6.11) with primary splays control the Central Grade Zone and smaller, possible subsidiary faults. These correspond to the dominant NW-SE striking, steep faults. In the Central Grade Zone, these splays are represented by the interpreted East Margin and West Margin Faults. The P-splays are orthogonal to a mineralized NW-dipping fabric that locally controls the highest gold grades within the Central Grade trend. This fabric corresponds to the NW-dipping veins and is reflected in the NW-dipping fault population.
Figure 6.11 Conceptual Structural Model showing the structural fabrics of faults and veins related to splays the dextral-slip Road Fault model. Splays represented by interpreted East Margin Fault (solid green) and West Margin Fault (dashed green) from Burtner (2021).
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6.2.3Alteration and Mineralization
Gold mineralization is variably associated with calc-silicate skarn, magnetite skarn, and structurally controlled limonite-calcite-silica stockworks. Copper is associated with the gold mineralization in the magnetite skarn in the Main Zone. However, gold-only mineralization is also present on the property, particularly in the more distal quartz-sericite-limonite stockworks.
Calc-silicate skarn minerals include fine disseminated, spotty, or banded garnet present in the calcareous siltstones adjacent to the quartz diorite. A pyroxene-garnet skarn (in various ratios) is present in the carbonate rocks and in the intrusions themselves (as endoskarn). Biotite hornfels overprinting the main host rock Dunlap Formation locally forms ubiquitous contact metamorphic aureoles surrounding the intrusions. Retrograde assemblages of chlorite-epidote-calcite and quartz-sericite-calcite-clay are also noted in the intrusive rocks and along structures in the skarns developed in sediments.
Gold bearing calc-silicate skarn assemblages are overprinted and replaced by magnetite and copper-gold skarn assemblages near quartz diorite. Magnetite skarn has been encountered in three places on the Golden Mile property thus far:
1. | in the Main Zone associated with a quartz monzonite intrusion |
2. | beneath a partly silicified ridge east of the Main Zone associated with a magnetic high |
3. | west of the Main Zone, associated with another occurrence of quartz diorite. |
Calcite, sericite, and pyrite are associated with these skarn assemblages, particularly in siliciclastic rocks. Distal to the intrusion(s), along permeable structures and breccia, alteration associated with the metasomatic and mineralizing fluids is expressed as quartz stockworks with associated iron oxides, calcite and green sericite. Gold is also present in this setting, but copper values are low.
A series of narrow, northwest-trending bands of pervasive silicification and silicified breccia are present in locally calcareous siltstones along a northeast-trending ridge east of the historical workings. Limonite coated fractures and elevated gold values associated with arsenic and bismuth suggests a distal expression of the mineralized system. Pyrite and propylitic alteration with calcite are present in the Tertiary volcanic rocks. However, these assemblages are interpreted to be younger than the main mineralizing event.
6.2.3.1Main Zone
The Main Zone consists of irregular replacement pods and veins hosted in the Luning limestone and the Dunlap calcareous siltstone along a northeast trending margin of a granodiorite intrusion. The Main Zone is exposed in small open pits and trenches and can be traced for about 300 m (984 ft) in a northeasterly direction. The mineralization includes assemblages of magnetite, garnet, biotite, sericite, calcite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Sulfides frequently exceed 5% by volume. Intrusive rocks in this area display pyroxene garnet skarn assemblages, and in some places return elevated gold values in the 0.3 g/t Au (0.009 opst) range. Copper and silver values accompany gold values in the vicinity of the historical workings. Free gold
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is reported in the Main Zone and in the stockwork zones to the northeast. Distribution of the highest-grade gold values is interpreted to be related to northwest-trending structures.
6.2.3.2Stockwork Zones
To the northeast of the Main Zone, a series of steep structures trending at 030° are mineralized with gold-bearing stockworks of quartz-sericite-pyrite-calcite veinlets in siltstone (Suda, 2009). Three drill holes are reported by Battle Mountain to have intercepted high-grade gold values in this material ranging from 1.2 g/t Au (0.034 opst) over 7.6 m (25 ft) in Hole 89-20, up to 16.4 g/t Au (0.478 opst) over 29 m (95 ft) in Hole 89-7 occurring in sericite-iron oxide-quartz-gold veinlets cutting sericitized siltstone (Gatchell, 1989).
Further along the extension of the structure to the northeast, a stockwork of calcite-pyrite-limonite quartz occurs in dioritic rocks. This mineralization is not exposed at surface but was intersected by drilling through volcanic cover rocks.
6.2.3.3Detailed Description of Skarn Alteration
Ray (2016) described in more detail the skarn alteration types noted on the Golden Mile property:
· | Hornfels and/or silicification with abundant silica, moderate amounts of epidote and trace to very rare quantities of fine-grained garnet and biotite. This mostly overprints the siliciclastic rocks of the Dunlap Formation and is believed to be mainly related to the emplacement of the Golden Mile Stock. |
· | Exoskarn with variable amounts of quartz, pale brown to green garnet, magnetite, epidote, chlorite, amphibole, Cu and Fe oxides and gold. Exoskarn formed in the more dolomitic carbonates may contain abundant phlogopite with traces of brucite and serpentinite. On surface, fault-controlled exoskarn alteration is best seen along the Main Zone where the magnesian mineral phlogopite may be locally abundant. |
· | Endoskarn alteration in the Golden Mile Stock marked by minor amounts of garnet, epidote, quartz and pyrite along narrow fractures, or as massive replacement by garnet, quartz, epidote, amphibole, disseminated magnetite and possible some clinopyroxene. This massive endoskarn alteration yielded the highest gold values of the 59 rock samples collected by Ray (2016), containing between 4.5 and 11.5 g/t Au (0.131 and 0.336 opst). |
· | Massive magnetite lenses and pods which only occur along the Main Zone. Pods may be up to 10 m (33 ft) wide and 25 m (82 ft) long and were subjected to shallow historic mining for their associated Cu sulfides, Cu oxides and gold. |
· | Marble is not particularly common on surface. It is seen in the Luning Formation immediately SW of the Road Fault where the rock is fault brecciated with calcite veining and strong jarosite staining. Marble was also seen at one location in the Dunlap where the silicious hornfels contains a 1.5 m (4.9 ft) thick unit of thinly bedded marble. |
· | Quartz-feldspar vein stockworks occur in the Golden Mile Stock. Many parts of the stock are cut by a network of thin (< 4 cm; 1.6 in) quartz-feldspar veins that locally carry minor calcite, pyrite |
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and trace chalcopyrite. Veins may have narrow bleached haloes and in some outcrops the stock has rusty weathering zones that are presumable after pyrite.
· | Quartz veinlets are developed in the Northwest Pluton. It comprises veins and veinlets of gray vuggy quartz up to 0.5 cm (0.2 in) in thickness that are spaced 1 to 5 cm (0.4 to 2.0 in) apart. In addition, the weathered pluton also has thin zones and spots of jarosite staining, many of which lie sub-parallel to the quartz veins. Samples of the veined and jarosite-stained rock showed no evidence of gold mineralization. |
· | Yellow-brown Fe carbonate veining is observed in the western parts of the Luning limestone. These veins both cross-cut and follow the bedding and are generally < 15 cm (5.9 in) in thickness although in some rare instances they reach 0.75 m (0.3 in). Most have sharp contacts with the impure limestone. Initially it was thought possible that the veins were a distal expression of the Golden Mile skarn system, but sampling showed they are barren of any base or precious metals. |
6.2.3.3.1Exoskarn
On surface, all of the alteration within the Golden Mile Stock thermal aureole is hosted by the Dunlap Formation and there is no evidence that the Luning Formation rocks are skarn-altered (Ray, 2016). In the Dunlap rocks away from the Main Zone it is often difficult to distinguish between the abundant and widespread silica-rich hornfels and true fine-grained exoskarn related to hydrothermal fluids. Overall, exoskarn is uncommon apart from along or close to the Main Zone. The local abundance of phlogopite along the Main Zone suggests that some of the alteration along this structure represents magnesian skarn. This may be one reason why massive magnetite lenses preferentially formed along this structure since Fe skarn-development tends to favor magnesian rather than calcic skarn systems (Einaudi et al., 1981).
The exoskarn and alteration seen on surface and that observed in some of the drill core are very different. In the holes there are thick intersections of pale brown, medium to coarse grained, grossular garnet-rich skarn that presumably replaced massive limestone beds. This exoskarn in the core is locally cut by thin sulfide veins and veinlets containing pyrite and trace chalcopyrite. The veins are also surrounded by bleached haloes that reach 1.5 cm in width. On surface by contrast, massive, coarse grained garnet skarn similar to that seen in the drill holes is virtually absent. Instead, with the exception of rocks in the Main Zone, exoskarn is rarely seen on the property and when present it comprises silicified or hornfels meta-sediments that may contain patches of fracture-controlled fine-grained, pale brown garnet that are presumed to be hydrothermal in origin. This surface exoskarn is locally retrograde altered to epidote ± chlorite ± amphibole, and in rare instances it may contain some trace chalcopyrite with Cu oxides and pyrite but is generally unmineralized. In a few localities these silica-rich, hornfelsic rocks contain thin veins (< 10 cm) of garnet-pyrite ± epidote exoskarn which have followed the remnant bedding planes in the Dunlap Formation.
The probable reason for the abundance of massive garnet-rich exoskarn observed in drill holes and the generally garnet-poor alteration observed on surface is due to the host rocks at the latter mostly represent Dunlap Formation siliciclastic sediments that reacted poorly to the skarn-forming fluids. Thus, major differences exist between the sedimentary geology on surface compared to the originally limestone-rich rocks (intersected at depth).
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The Main Zone is a 200 m (656 ft)-long linear feature of exoskarn alteration that varies from 20 to 50 m 66 to 164 ft) in width. It is marked by large pods and lenses of massive to semi- massive magnetite that reach 10 m in thickness and 15 to 25 m (49 to 82 ft) in length. The magnetite is spatially associated with variable quantities of quartz veining, pyrite and chalcopyrite, and many outcrops have brilliant displays of Cu oxides and silicates that include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla and minor turquoise, as well as some Mn wad and black Cu-Mn oxides. The magnetite lenses are marked by open pits and some shallow underground workings that were driven to extract the copper and possibly also the gold. All six samples collected by Ray from the Main Zone were anomalous in gold (266 ppb to 2390 ppb) as well as having high values of copper (maximum 9 % Cu). The samples were also anomalous in As, Ag, Zn, Sb, Se and sporadically anomalous in Te.
The Main Zone is believed to be a pre-skarn structure that was a conduit for the hydrothermal fluids. On surface, however, the meta-sediments lying between the Golden Mile Stock and the Main Zone largely comprise a 50 to 70 m (164 to 230 ft) wide belt of Dunlap Formation siliciclastic rocks that are hornfels or overprinted by varying degrees of silicification with minor sporadic garnet exoskarn, but no significant mineralization.
6.2.3.3.2Endoskarn
Garnet-bearing endoskarn was observed by Ray (2016) at two locations in the Golden Mile Stock. Here there is an adit that has been driven in an ESE direction into dark, quartz-rich rock, close to the southern margin of the Golden Mile Stock. The intrusive rocks are strongly epidotized and there are small patches of brown garnet endoskarn alteration. Also, some N-S striking fractures and joints contain thin (< 1.5 cm; 0.6 in) veins with quartz, epidote and pale green garnet. Locally in the veins there appears to also be trace wollastonite.
A larger and better mineralized area of endoskarn alteration lies 200 m (656 ft) further west where there are several small shallow pits and one adit. The outcrops and subcrops in this vicinity comprise a coarse grained dark green rock that contains both a pale green glassy garnet and lesser amounts of pale brown garnet. Also present are quartz, remnant igneous feldspar and some epidote, as well as possibly some clino-pyroxene. Trace to minor quantities of chalcopyrite, pyrite and Cu oxides also occur. One notable feature about this area is that the endoskarn contains scattered clots of magnetite up to 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter that in places are surrounded by thin haloes of gray quartz. Locally there are also rounded crystals or clots of quartz up to 0.3 m (1 ft) wide as well as rusty-weathering zones that are 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) in diameter. Three of the five endoskarn samples taken from this vicinity contained the highest gold values of all 59 samples collected by Ray (2016). The gold content in these three samples ranged between 4.54 to 11.5 g/t Au (0.133 to 0.335 opst), and the latter was taken from an outcrop at the adit entrance with strong Cu and Fe oxide staining. In addition to Au, the samples contain anomalous values of Ag (maximum 16.6 ppm), Cu (up to 7060 ppm) as well as As, Bi, Sb, Se and Te. Significantly the gold-rich samples are not particularly enriched in Cu which suggests that some of the gold may not be carried in chalcopyrite.
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The presence of gold-rich endoskarn is one highly unusual feature of the Golden Mile skarn system. According to Ray (2016), in virtually all skarn deposits worldwide, it is the exoskarn rather than the endoskarn that forms the most significant mining resource. Nevertheless, the Golden Mile endoskarn should be further explored since it may extend northwards beneath the Tertiary volcanic and perhaps represent an open pit or underground mining target.
In June 2021, Lawrence Meinert, renowned expert on skarn deposits, visited the Golden Mile property (Meinert, 2021). Based on drill holes examined and outcrops observed in the field, it was determined that there are two main types of alteration at Golden Mile, hornfels and skarn. Meinert (2021) also concluded that hornfels is the more extensive alteration type and consists of a background biotite hornfels in clastic rocks of the Dunlap Formation (Fig 6.12 A & B). All examined exposures of Dunlap Formation on surface and in drill core have been converted to biotite hornfels. As with most gold skarns, this likely forms an aureole around the ore deposit.
The other main alteration type observed is skarn formed from carbonate rocks. From the observed mineralogy, most of the skarn protolith in the Golden Mile district was dolomitic. This results in magnesian skarn minerals such as forsterite (Mg2SiO4), monticellite (CaMgSiO4), diopside (CaMgSi2O6) (Fig. 6.12 C), spinel (MgAl2O4), periclase (MgO), humite ((Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2), clinohumite (Mg9(SiO4)4F2), chondrodite (Mg5(SiO4)2F2), phlogopite (KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) (Fig. 6.12 D), tremolite ({Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2), pargasite (NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2), ludwigite (Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2), chondrodite (Mg5(SiO4)2F2), talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2), serpentine (Mg3[Si2O5](OH)4), and brucite (Mg(OH)2) (Fig. 6.12 E). Because of the dominance of Mg rather than Fe in the skarn minerals, the excess Fe typically forms abundant magnetite, as observed in the Main Zone pit. The magnetite is particularly important as a reactant for later, lower temperature Au-bearing fluids.
A variety of igneous rock types are exposed on the surface and in drill core at Golden Mile. The coarse-grained equigranular granodiorite and quartz monzonite plutons to the northwest of the Golden Mile district, Meinert (2021) believed are likely unrelated to Golden Mile alteration and mineralization, due to their igneous texture and interpreted >5km (3 mi) depth of emplacement. Instead, the two igneous rock types most likely to be related to alteration and mineralization are the porphyritic granodiorite (also called microgranodiorite, (Fig. 6.12 F & G) and the quartz monzonite porphyry (sometimes called quartz feldspar porphyry when exact mineralogy/composition is not visible (Fig. 6.12 H).
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Figure 6.12 Alteration and Mineralization Types Observed at Golden Mile (Meinert, 2021). A) Biotite hornfels cut by pyroxene veins (Hole GMDD-2 @ 51 m (168 ft); assay 2.7 g/t (0.079 opst) Au, B) Biotite hornfels cut by quartz-chlorite-pyrite (Au) veins with feldspar-clay envelope (Hole GMDD-3 @ 58 m (190 ft), C) Biotite hornfels cut by quartz-chlorite-pyrite veins with pyroxene-feldspar envelope (Hole GMDD-3 @ 146 m (478 ft), D) Thin quartz-chlorite-phlogopite (Au) vein, E) Lime-green brucite replacing magnesium skarn minerals such as olivine-pyroxene, F) Microgranodiorite with veins of pyroxene-epidote (Hole GMDD-2 @ 109 m (358 ft), G) Granodiorite cut by quartz-pyrite-chlorite vein with feldspar-clay envelope (Hole GMDD-6 @80 m (263 ft); assay 1.75 g/t (0.051 opst) Au, H) Quartz-feldspar porphyry (Hole GMDD-2 @ 28 m (93 ft).
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6.2.4Petrography
A limited amount of historic petrographic work was completed for Golden Mile. However, one report completed included a petrographic description of thin sections prepared from RC drill cuttings of two holes drilled by Teck (Hudson, 1999). Highlights of the descriptions include:
● | A gold mineralized sample (0.99 g/t Au; 0.029 opst) studied by Hudson contained chips of garnet-rich skarn with 60 to 90% very pale green garnet (possibly grossularite) with subhedral grains up to 0.7 mm (0.3 in) across; the original rock was probably limestone. |
● | A sample containing coarse blocky calcite with poikilitic inclusions of diopside, anhedral calcite grains were as large as 2 mm (0.8 in) and diopside grain sized ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mm (0.004 to 0.02 in). Minor white mica and wollastonite were also observed in some chips. Hudson interpreted this calcite-diopside skarn to be a reaction skarn of dolomitic limestone with quartz in the limestone or siliceous beds (quartzite or chert) close by. The granular calcite was believed to be a retrograde alteration of the silicate minerals. |
● | A few thin sections studied contained chips of weakly altered, equigranular pyroxene diorite (or gabbro) with up to 65% subhedral to anhedral plagioclase (An50) and varying amounts anhedral diopside (possibly hypersthene). In some chips, the pyroxene had been variably replaced by actinolite associated with minor amounts of calcite, epidote and chlorite. |
Hudson also reported that in some thin sections pyroxene has been replaced by an isotropic, moderate relief mineral, possibly bicchulite (Ca2Al(SiAl)O7H2O). Bicchulite probably resulted from some endoskarn formation at the contact of the diorite with limestone and skarn formation resulted from a consider able influx of silica and alumina. Hudson believed the kaolin in both the endoskarn and exoskarn represents a late, low temperature hydration event, possiblyas a result of the gold depositing stage.
A more recent petrographic study was completed on 15 rock grab samples and 6 drill core samples collected from the Golden Mile property (Dunne, 2017) and included transmitted and reflected light observations, description of lithology, alteration, and mineralization. Dunne (2017) also reported results for samples submitted for XRD-Rietveld analyses at the Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and for Terraspec spectroradiometer analyses.
Samples studied by Dunne (2017) consisted of a varied and complex assemblage of lithologies, contact metamorphic assemblages, metasomatic alteration minerals, retrograde alteration minerals, veins and microfractures, mineralization and weathered mineralogy. Samples included intrusive rock, carbonate sedimentary rock, variably silicified and hornfels siliciclastic rocks as well as prograde garnet and clinopyroxene skarn, massive magnetite, retrograde skarn alteration, semi-massive sulfide, late veinlets, microfractures and oxidized and argillized zones.
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Lithologies studied included:
● | Intrusive Rock: variably altered granitoid and rhyolite porphyry |
● | Carbonate Sedimentary Rock: bioclastic wackestone (Luning) including a variety of skeletal particles in a matrix supported carbonate sediment |
● | Silicified and Hornfels Siliciclastic Rock: including calc-silicate hornfels and hornfelsic metasandstone |
Types of alteration identified in the suite of samples studied included:
● | Potassic/Hornfels |
● | Magnetite Skarn |
● | Endoskarn |
● | Exoskarn |
● | Retrograde Skarn |
● | Secondary Alteration (argillic, propylitic, oxide) |
Mineralization identified in the suite of samples studied by Dunne (2017) included sulfides and gold. Sulfide commonly occurs in trace amounts as fine to very fine-grained chalcopyrite + (rare chalcocite+covellite+ possible bornite), platy molybdenite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, pyrite and/or pyrrhotite. Sulfide minerals occur either as disseminations, within veinlets/microfractures or in semi-massive form. Rare traces of gold were optically visible and reported in many of the samples. Gold was demonstrated to occur in a variety of settings including with sulfide minerals, oxide, and clay-rich zones.
A variety of veinlets and late microfractures were also observed in the samples. Mineralization is documented in some garnet-bearing veinlets, quartz-K-feldspar veinlets and in some quartz-calcite and carbonate microfractures (Dunne, 2017).
Table 6.1 summarizes petrographic observations for individual samples studied from the Golden Mile property (Dunne, 2017). Figure 6.13 shows photomicrographs of a typical altered skarn.
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Table 6.1 Summary Table of Petrography on Samples from Golden Mile (from Dunne, 2017)
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Table 6.1 Summary Table of Petrography on Samples from Golden Mile (from Dunne, 2017) (con’t)
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Figure 6.13 Photomicrographs of Typical Skarn from Golden Mile (Sample GR-427). Note strong brittle fracturing of garnet and clinopyroxene, possible patchy gypsum alteration and clay-gypsum and Fe-ox filled microfractures. Field of View = 2.9 mm (0.11 in), A) Polarized Light, B) Cross-Polarized Light; Abbreviations: cpx = clinopyroxene, phl = phlogopite, gn = garnet, gyp = possible gypsum (from Dunne, 2017).
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6.3 | DEPOSIT |
Gold and gold-copper mineralization on the Golden Mile property is intrusion-related with different styles depending on setting. Mineralization occurs as skarn, massive replacements and structurally controlled stockwork and breccia zones in permeable rocks. Gold and gold-copper mineralization is mainly hosted in carbonate-bearing metasedimentary rocks, which remain the primary exploration target on the property. Secondary targets include the structural zones, within both sedimentary and intrusive hosts. Low-grade disseminated gold mineralization within the quartz diorite intrusions also is indicated as a possible target based upon the results of drilling.
Typically, intrusive-related and skarn-hosted gold deposits are challenging exploration targets because it is difficult to define coherent concentrations of economic gold mineralization within the overall body of the intrusion and skarn. However, several notable mines have been developed on gold skarns, including the Fortitude Mine in the Battle Mountain District, which produced 77 tonnes (2.5 million ounces) of gold from 10.9 Mt (12M short tons) of ore at an average grade of 7.1 g/t (0.21 opst) gold (Doebrich and Theodore, 1996). The adjacent Phoenix deposit was a low-grade gold deposit that reportedly yielded over 2 million ounces of gold with associated copper and silver. The Buckhorn Mountain gold deposit in Washington State was another notable gold skarn deposit (Hickey, 1992). Disseminated gold mineralization, together with related structure-controlled gold in granitic host rocks, has been defined as a deposit type with significant potential. An example is the Fort Knox deposit in central Alaska, which has produced nearly 8 million ounces of gold since mining began in 1996 (Wikipedia, 2021).
6.3.1 | Extents and Continuity |
Within the Golden Mile property area, the approximate extents of Main Zone mineralization are 900 m (3,000 ft) long by 500 m (1,500 ft) wide. The deposit shows internal geological and grade continuity, with a consistent direction of mineralization. The approximate dimensions of the deposit are based on a grade shell constructed at a nominal cutoff grade of 0.34 g/t Au (0.010 opst) used to limit grade interpolation in the 3D block model.
Figure 6.14 demonstrates a conceptual ore deposit model for Golden Mile.
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Figure 6.14 Conceptual Model for Formation of the Golden Mile Deposit (Cox and Singer, 1986)
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7 | EXPLORATION |
Past exploration programs have been summarized in Section 5 (History). Section 7 herein describes the nature and extent of all relevant exploration work conducted by GRCN.
7.1 | Exploration Work by GRCN |
Prior to GRCN’s acquisition, Kinross had identified at least 11 gold prospect sites on the property. Figure 7.1 show the land position of Kinross from 2017 to 2019, at the time of their lease, and highlights significant prospects identified for targeting. Upon acquisition, GRCN immediately began evaluating of these targets for exploration. The Golden Mile Main Zone deposit and Spring (PS) mineral occurrence are considered the highest priority prospects with already delineated resource potential.
Figure 7.1 Resource Areas and Drill Ready Targets Identified on the Golden Mile Property (from Kinross, 2019). Resources for Golden Mile and PS targets, in oz Au, are only estimates by Kinross to indicate exploration potential.
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7.1.1 Remote Sensing
The initial exploration approach by GRCN was to use spectral data for vectoring to higher temperature alteration which can be very useful given the documented alteration footprint. In addition, to local targeting with grid sampling and spectral analysis, regional targeting for gold exploration can search for the products of hydrothermal alteration where mineral-bearing rocks were displaced by strong geothermal systems.
In July 2020, GRCN contracted Terra Modelling Services Inc. (TMS) to conduct an analysis of available ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite data for the Golden Mile property. The deliverables of this analysis included:
1. | Date and time of the ASTER data set used; |
2. | Copies of raw data; |
3. | GranuleID from the raw data; |
4. | Band identifiers, both ASTER band and USGS reference; |
5. | Band ratios used and spatial resolution charts. |
6. | Structural interpretation; |
7. | Quartz content map; |
8. | Differentiations of argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and silicic alterations; |
9. | Characterization of areas for illite, crystalline kaolinite, dickite and possible vegetation anomalies; |
10. | All ferric and non-ferric oxides (jarosite, goethite, hematite); |
11. | False color composites (map); |
12. | Powerpoint-style report accompanying the data, highlighting results. |
Anomalous high hydrothermal alteration spectral analysis identified numerous target areas for ground follow-up on the Golden Mile property (Fig. 7.2). Potential mineral targets are mostly aligned with major EW and NW-trending structures and have spectral and vegetation anomalies.
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Figure 7.2 Golden Mile Property Map Highlighting Hydrothermal Alteration and Exploration Target Areas Identified from ASTER Analysis (Golden Mile deposit and Spring mineral occurrence are shown; faults shown as dashed black lines)
7.2 | Drilling |
7.2.1 Core Drilling
GRCN 2020 – 2021 core drilling was performed on diurnal shifts (24 hours/7 days per week) by Ruen Drilling (Ruen), Clark Fork, Montana. Two sizes of DDH drill core were utilized: a large diameter “PQ” 85.0 mm (3.35 in) for metallurgical testing, and a smaller “HQ” 63.5 mm (2.50 in) for core sample and routine laboratory analyses. DDH depth penetration was to 500 m (1,500 ft), utilizing traditional mud-lubricated drilling methods. Casing utilized was 12.7 cm (5 in) and was utilized generally 3 – 6 m (10-20 ft) for collar stability, however in some cases hole stabilization required up to 10 m (30 ft) of casing. Occasionally overburden was tri-cone drilled; no core was recovered from these cased intervals. All recovered drill core was generally completed using a 3.05 m (10 ft) core barrel. A split-tube inner-sleeve was used and core was pressure removed when possible (in fractured ground) otherwise handled traditionally with rubber
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mallet percussion to remove. Core was place in standard wax-coated boxes. Depth, rod change, and loss zones were noted on wood blocks in place with the drill core. Core was shipped to a GRCN locked storage in Mina, Nevada twice daily at drilling shift change. After drilling holes were surveyed with the Gyro-Reflex tool (described in next section). The drilling contractor conducted all operations to industry standard practices.
7.2.2 RC Drilling
In June 2021, GRCN commenced RC drilling at Golden Mile for Mineral Resource estimation. In general, RC drilling equipment typically consists of track drills capable of drilling angled holes to 500 m (1,500 ft). The drill is equipped with an air compressor capable of delivering sufficient free air at high enough pressure for drilling with a dual-tube drill pipe. The setup is usually complete with cyclone assembly with discharge through a rotary wet splitter. Drill bit size is 13.3 cm (5.25 in). The drill pipe was 10.2 cm (4 in) diameter in 3.04m (10 ft) lengths. The method employed utilized the double wall drill pipe, interchange hammer, and hammer bits to drill and sample the geologic formations. The samples were recovered through the center of the double walled pipe and the sample discharged via a cyclone. Water/fluid was injected into the airflow on an intermitted to continuous basis to assist with recovery of the sample through the wet rotating splitter. Appropriate sample bags are provided by company geologists and collected, bagged and tagged under geologist supervision during the drilling. The contractor conducted all operations to industry standard practices.
All holes labeled and capped so they can be readily identified in the field.
7.3 | Downhole Surveying |
Core and RC holes drilled by GRCN in 2020-2021 were surveyed by the drillers upon completion of each hole using a Reflex EZ-GYRO tool. Downhole surveys were taken at approximately 15 m (50 ft) intervals as per industry standard. The data was reviewed by a competent geologist and approved for entry into the company database. The holes tended to deviate <1 to 1.9 degrees deviation on the dip and up to 7.02 degrees deviation on azimuth. The database contains down-hole survey data for the 14 core and 42 RC holes completed by GRCN.
7.4 | GRCN Drilling Results |
In late 2020 and through August 2021, GRCN completed 14 diamond core drill holes totaling of 1,719.7 m (5,642 ft) and 42 RC drill holes totaling 4,870.7 m (15,980 ft) at the Golden Mile property (Table 7.1). Most of this drilling was directed towards the Main Zone located on the patented mineral claims (Fig. 7.3). Either half or quarter core from the 14 diamond drill holes completed by GRCN, and chip trays for the 42 RC drill holes, are available for examination.
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TABLE 7.1 Summary of GRCN Drilling Completed at the Golden Mile Property
Company | Year | No. of | Type | Total | Total | Results |
GRCN | 2020-2021 | 14 | Core | 5,642 | 1,719.7 | Main Zone confirmation |
42 | RC | 15,980 | 4,870.7 | |||
Total | | 56 | | 21,622 | 6,590.4 | |
Figure 7.3 Location Map for Diamond Core (including Met) and RC Holes Drilled by GRCN at the Main Zone of the Golden Mile Property (patented claims shown shaded light blue and outlined in red)
7.4.1 Core Drilling Results
In November 2020, GRCN commenced a core drilling program to confirm historic drill assays and geological data collected by previous explorers, conduct geological and resource modeling and to collect representative mineralized ore grade samples in the Main Zone area in sufficient quantity to conduct metallurgical testing.
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Significant results from GRCN’s core drilling included up to 3.60 g/t Au (0.11 opst Au) over 20.1 m (66 ft) including 13.00 g/t Au (0.38 opst Au) over 3.0 m (10 ft) in Hole GMDD-002 and 2.77 g/t Au (0.08 opst Au) over 21.21 m (70 ft) including 8.96 g/t Au (0.26 opst Au) over 4.45 m (15 ft) in Hole GMDD-012. Significant results of the GRCN core drilling program are summarized in Table 7.2. All of the information gained has been included in the resource estimate.
Table 7.2 Significant Results for GRCN 2020-2021 Core Drilling at Golden Mile
Hole # | Angle |
| From | To | Interval | Au |
deg |
| m | m | m | g/t | |
GMDD-002 | -60 |
| 0.61 | 20.7 | 20.10 | 3.60 |
incl. | 8.50 | 10.1 | 1.52 | 17.45 | ||
incl. | 13.1 | 16.2 | 3.05 | 13.00 | ||
| 37.5 | 46.6 | 9.14 | 3.99 | ||
incl. | 37.5 | 43.4 | 5.90 | 5.89 | ||
| 51.2 | 52.7 | 1.52 | 2.70 | ||
| 64.9 | 66.4 | 1.52 | 0.89 | ||
| 72.5 | 75.6 | 3.05 | 0.42 | ||
GMDD-003 | -45 |
| 0.61 | 5.2 | 4.57 | 1.24 |
incl. | 0.61 | 3.66 | 3.05 | 1.62 | ||
| 70.71 | 76.81 | 6.10 | 0.56 | ||
incl. | 75.29 | 76.81 | 1.52 | 1.07 | ||
| 85.95 | 87.48 | 1.52 | 0.50 | ||
| 102.72 | 104.24 | 1.52 | 0.51 | ||
| 107.29 | 108.81 | 1.52 | 0.39 | ||
| 121.01 | 139.29 | 18.29 | 1.03 | ||
incl. | 128.63 | 133.20 | 4.57 | 2.81 | ||
| 143.87 | 146.91 | 3.05 | 0.74 | ||
incl. | 143.87 | 145.39 | 1.52 | 1.18 | ||
GMDD-004 | -50 |
| 5.18 | 18.90 | 13.72 | 0.45 |
28.04 | 29.57 | 1.52 | 2.96 | |||
| 38.71 | 40.23 | 1.52 | 0.71 | ||
| 46.33 | 47.85 | 1.52 | 3.81 | ||
| 53.95 | 55.47 | 1.52 | 0.40 | ||
| 61.57 | 66.14 | 4.57 | 3.10 | ||
incl. | 64.62 | 66.14 | 1.52 | 8.66 | ||
| 72.74 | 73.76 | 1.52 | 0.56 | ||
| 89.00 | 90.53 | 1.52 | 0.69 | ||
| 98.15 | 107.29 | 9.14 | 1.28 | ||
incl. | 102.72 | 104.24 | 1.52 | 4.89 | ||
| 151.49 | 153.01 | 1.52 | 1.07 | ||
GMDD-005 | -45 | | 49.38 | 53.95 | 4.57 | 0.36 |
64.62 | 78.33 | 13.72 | 1.68 | |||
incl. | 70.71 | 72.24 | 1.52 | 2.47 | ||
incl. | 76.81 | 78.33 | 1.52 | 6.42 | ||
| 81.38 | 89.00 | 7.62 | 0.45 | ||
| 101.19 | 111.86 | 10.67 | 1.61 | ||
incl. | 110.34 | 111.86 | 1.52 | 10.00 | ||
| 122.53 | 124.05 | 1.52 | 0.45 | ||
GMDD-006 | -50 |
| 58.83 | 67.97 | 9.14 | 1.17 |
incl. | 60.35 | 63.40 | 3.05 | 2.45 | ||
| 75.59 | 83.21 | 7.62 | 0.77 | ||
incl. | 80.16 | 83.21 | 3.05 | 1.42 | ||
106.07 | 107.59 | 1.52 | 0.62 | |||
| 150.27 | 151.79 | 1.52 | 0.45 | ||
GMDD-007 | -45 | | 12.19 | 22.25 | 10.06 | 1.73 |
incl. | 13.72 | 15.24 | 1.52 | 2.15 | ||
incl. | 16.76 | 19.81 | 3.05 | 3.76 | ||
| 96.01 | 97.54 | 1.52 | 0.40 | ||
| 112.78 | 114.30 | 1.52 | 0.68 |
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| | | 118.87 | 121.92 | 3.05 | 1.17 |
incl. | 118.87 | 120.40 | 1.52 | 2.05 | ||
| 134.11 | 135.64 | 1.52 | 0.75 | ||
GMDD-008 | -50 | 37.19 | 38.71 | 1.52 | 0.53 | |
| 69.19 | 70.71 | 1.52 | 0.98 | ||
GMDD-009 | -90 | | 1.43 | 10.06 | 8.63 | 0.45 |
incl. | 8.53 | 10.06 | 1.52 | 1.73 | ||
| 20.73 | 22.25 | 1.52 | 1.94 | ||
| 35.97 | 37.49 | 1.52 | 0.99 | ||
| 42.06 | 43.59 | 1.52 | 2.32 | ||
| 141.12 | 142.65 | 1.52 | 0.37 | ||
GMDD-010 | -90 | | 0.00 | 6.46 | 6.46 | 0.65 |
incl. | 3.05 | 4.57 | 1.52 | 1.95 | ||
| 11.25 | 17.28 | 6.04 | 1.60 | ||
incl. | 14.02 | 17.28 | 3.26 | 2.77 | ||
| 24.38 | 35.05 | 10.67 | 1.88 | ||
incl. | 28.96 | 35.05 | 6.10 | 3.21 | ||
| 43.46 | 49.13 | 5.67 | 0.74 | ||
incl. | 43.46 | 44.81 | 1.34 | 2.62 | ||
| 59.44 | 63.76 | 4.33 | 1.05 | ||
incl. | 60.96 | 62.48 | 1.52 | 1.85 | ||
| 81.38 | 90.53 | 9.14 | 2.82 | ||
incl. | 81.38 | 82.91 | 1.52 | 1.19 | ||
incl. | 87.48 | 90.53 | 3.05 | 7.71 | ||
GMDD-011 | -90 |
| 91.44 | 96.01 | 4.57 | 0.67 |
incl. | 91.44 | 92.96 | 1.52 | 1.12 | ||
GMDD-012 | -90 | | 8.78 | 9.30 | 0.52 | 15.80 |
| 19.32 | 40.54 | 21.21 | 2.77 | ||
incl. | 19.32 | 23.77 | 4.45 | 8.96 | ||
incl. | 34.44 | 35.97 | 1.52 | 4.16 | ||
| 82.60 | 84.12 | 1.52 | 0.41 | ||
| 100.89 | 106.98 | 6.10 | 0.42 | ||
GMDD-013 | -90 | | 8.17 | 16.15 | 7.99 | 2.11 |
incl. | 10.06 | 11.58 | 1.52 | 4.63 | ||
| 22.25 | 23.77 | 1.52 | 8.77 | ||
GMDD-014 | -45 | | 26.82 | 36.03 | 9.20 | 1.40 |
incl. | 29.87 | 31.39 | 1.52 | 3.88 | ||
| 39.01 | 42.06 | 3.05 | 2.43 | ||
incl. | 39.01 | 40.54 | 1.52 | 3.95 | ||
| 93.88 | 97.84 | 3.96 | 0.72 | ||
incl. | 96.93 | 97.84 | 0.91 | 2.50 | ||
| 124.36 | 127.41 | 3.05 | 1.61 | ||
incl. | 125.88 | 127.41 | 1.52 | 2.53 |
7.4.2 RC Drilling Results
From late June through August 2021, GRCN completed a RC drilling program for geological and resource modeling of the Main Zone area at Golden Mile. The goals of this program were to add to the known mineralization by testing the undrilled areas between gold-bearing intercepts returned from historic holes and for the estimation of Mineral Resources reported herein. Significant intercepts included 6.10 m of 5.93 g/t Au (0.173 opst) and 16.76 m of 3.31 g/t Au (0.097 opst) including 1.52 m of 27.50 g/t Au (0.803 opst) in Hole GMRC-026. Another notable intercept included 24.38 m of 1.69 g/t Au (0.049 opst) including 3.05 m of 5.92 g/t Au (0.173 opst) in Hole GMRC-013.
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Significant results of the GRCN RC drilling program are summarized in Table 7.3. All of the information gained has also been included in the resource estimate.
Table 7.3 Significant Results for GRCN 2021 RC Drilling at Golden Mile
Hole # | Angle |
| From | To | Interval | Au | Hole # | Angle |
| From | To | Interval | Au |
deg |
| m | m | m | g/t | deg |
| m | m | m | g/t | ||
GMRC-001 | -45 |
| 77.72 | 80.77 | 3.05 | 0.399 | GMRC-025 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 4.57 | 4.57 | 0.889 |
| 117.35 | 118.87 | 1.52 | 0.364 | incl. | 0.00 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 1.098 | ||||
| 123.44 | 126.49 | 3.05 | 0.434 |
| 22.86 | 24.38 | 1.52 | 0.357 | ||||
GMRC-003 | -45 |
| 15.24 | 33.53 | 18.29 | 0.848 |
| 41.15 | 42.67 | 1.52 | 0.469 | ||
incl. | 22.86 | 24.38 | 1.52 | 1.830 |
| 56.39 | 57.91 | 1.52 | 1.170 | ||||
incl. | 27.43 | 30.48 | 3.05 | 1.720 |
| 67.06 | 91.44 | 24.38 | 1.040 | ||||
incl. | 32.00 | 33.53 | 1.52 | 1.310 | incl. | 68.58 | 73.15 | 4.57 | 2.007 | ||||
GMRC-004 | -45 |
| 27.43 | 33.53 | 6.10 | 0.320 | incl. | 77.72 | 79.25 | 1.52 | 5.760 | ||
| 51.82 | 56.39 | 4.57 | 0.337 | incl. | 82.30 | 83.82 | 1.52 | 1.345 | ||||
GMRC-005 | -45 |
| 70.10 | 76.20 | 6.10 | 0.438 |
| 99.06 | 103.63 | 4.57 | 0.696 | ||
GMRC-006 | -45 |
| 3.05 | 22.86 | 19.81 | 0.931 | incl. | 102.11 | 103.63 | 1.52 | 1.730 | ||
incl. | 3.05 | 6.10 | 3.05 | 3.545 | GMRC-026 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 6.10 | 6.10 | 5.929 | ||
incl. | 19.81 | 21.34 | 1.52 | 1.095 | incl. | 0.00 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 22.800 | ||||
GMRC-007 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 12.19 | 12.19 | 0.423 |
| 18.29 | 22.86 | 4.57 | 0.565 | ||
| 16.76 | 25.91 | 9.14 | 0.871 |
| 33.53 | 38.10 | 4.57 | 0.882 | ||||
incl. | 19.81 | 22.86 | 3.05 | 1.853 | incl. | 36.58 | 38.10 | 1.52 | 1.885 | ||||
GMRC-008 | -45 |
| 7.62 | 12.19 | 4.57 | 0.529 |
| 50.29 | 51.82 | 1.52 | 0.770 | ||
| 19.81 | 21.34 | 1.52 | 0.547 |
| 56.39 | 73.15 | 16.76 | 3.305 | ||||
| 32.00 | 39.62 | 7.62 | 0.390 | incl. | 62.48 | 64.01 | 1.52 | 27.500 | ||||
GMRC-010 | -45 |
| 83.82 | 85.34 | 1.52 | 0.370 |
| 77.72 | 80.77 | 3.05 | 0.522 | ||
GMRC-011 | -45 |
| 15.24 | 18.29 | 3.05 | 0.300 |
| 106.68 | 120.40 | 13.72 | 0.345 | ||
| 22.86 | 25.91 | 3.05 | 0.315 |
| 131.06 | 134.11 | 3.05 | 0.308 | ||||
| 33.53 | 39.62 | 6.10 | 0.387 | GMRC-027 | -45 |
| 10.67 | 25.91 | 15.24 | 1.904 | ||
GMRC-012 | -45 |
| 15.24 | 22.86 | 7.62 | 0.599 | incl. | 10.67 | 15.24 | 4.57 | 5.423 | ||
incl. | 21.34 | 22.86 | 1.52 | 1.620 |
| 47.24 | 48.77 | 1.52 | 0.466 | ||||
| 45.72 | 50.29 | 4.57 | 0.682 |
| 53.34 | 54.86 | 1.52 | 0.745 | ||||
incl. | 45.72 | 47.24 | 1.52 | 1.010 |
| 59.44 | 60.96 | 1.52 | 2.390 | ||||
GMRC-013 | -45 |
| 10.67 | 12.19 | 1.52 | 0.489 |
| 65.53 | 67.06 | 1.52 | 0.506 | ||
| 18.29 | 19.81 | 1.52 | 0.402 |
| 70.10 | 83.82 | 13.72 | 0.766 | ||||
| 30.48 | 54.86 | 24.38 | 1.694 | incl. | 70.10 | 71.63 | 1.52 | 1.960 | ||||
incl. | 32.00 | 35.05 | 3.05 | 5.920 | incl. | 77.72 | 79.25 | 1.52 | 1.430 | ||||
incl. | 44.20 | 47.24 | 3.05 | 2.225 | incl. | 82.30 | 83.82 | 1.52 | 2.030 | ||||
incl. | 48.77 | 50.29 | 1.52 | 3.540 |
| 94.49 | 103.63 | 9.14 | 0.398 | ||||
| 67.06 | 86.87 | 19.81 | 0.792 |
| 109.73 | 111.25 | 1.52 | 0.421 | ||||
incl. | 70.10 | 71.63 | 1.52 | 3.270 |
| 114.30 | 115.82 | 1.52 | 0.404 | ||||
incl. | 82.30 | 85.34 | 3.05 | 1.813 |
| 144.78 | 152.40 | 7.62 | 0.823 | ||||
| 106.68 | 109.73 | 3.05 | 0.308 | incl. | 144.78 | 146.30 | 1.52 | 3.160 | ||||
| 120.40 | 121.92 | 1.52 | 0.749 | GMRC-028 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 0.928 | ||
GMRC-014 | -90 |
| 51.82 | 54.86 | 3.05 | 0.631 | incl. | 0.00 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 2.140 | ||
incl. | 53.34 | 54.86 | 1.52 | 1.090 |
| 48.77 | 53.34 | 4.57 | 0.512 | ||||
| 59.44 | 60.96 | 1.52 | 0.524 | incl. | 51.82 | 53.34 | 1.52 | 1.110 | ||||
| 152.40 | 153.92 | 1.52 | 0.622 |
| 82.30 | 111.25 | 28.96 | 0.427 | ||||
GMRC-015 | -45 |
| 103.63 | 109.73 | 6.10 | 0.726 | incl. | 82.30 | 83.82 | 1.52 | 1.050 | ||
incl. | 106.68 | 108.20 | 1.52 | 1.125 | incl. | 108.20 | 109.73 | 1.52 | 1.565 | ||||
GMRC-019 | -45 |
| 42.67 | 44.20 | 1.52 | 0.397 |
| 121.92 | 124.97 | 3.05 | 0.340 | ||
| 60.96 | 70.10 | 9.14 | 1.427 |
| 134.11 | 141.73 | 7.62 | 1.087 | ||||
incl. | 60.96 | 64.01 | 3.05 | 3.575 | incl. | 134.11 | 137.16 | 3.05 | 2.175 | ||||
| 80.77 | 82.30 | 1.52 | 0.408 |
| 150.88 | 152.40 | 1.52 | 0.580 |
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
| 96.01 | 97.54 | 1.52 | 0.970 | GMRC-029 | -45 |
| 1.52 | 7.62 | 6.10 | 0.762 | ||
| 170.69 | 172.21 | 1.52 | 0.385 | incl. | 6.10 | 7.62 | 1.52 | 2.670 | ||||
GMRC-020 | -45 |
| 44.20 | 50.29 | 6.10 | 0.519 |
| 33.53 | 89.92 | 56.39 | 0.803 | ||
incl. | 44.20 | 45.72 | 1.52 | 1.310 | incl. | 33.53 | 35.05 | 1.52 | 2.430 | ||||
| 68.58 | 70.10 | 1.52 | 0.468 | incl. | 53.34 | 62.48 | 9.14 | 1.942 | ||||
| 94.49 | 102.11 | 7.62 | 0.566 | incl. | 71.63 | 74.68 | 3.05 | 2.228 | ||||
incl. | 97.54 | 99.06 | 1.52 | 2.130 |
| 99.06 | 100.58 | 1.52 | 0.548 | ||||
| 108.20 | 114.30 | 6.10 | 0.325 |
| 105.16 | 108.20 | 3.05 | 0.327 | ||||
| 121.92 | 132.59 | 10.67 | 0.303 |
| 129.54 | 140.21 | 10.67 | 1.516 | ||||
GMRC-021 | -90 |
| 68.58 | 70.10 | 1.52 | 1.615 | incl. | 131.06 | 132.59 | 1.52 | 7.920 | ||
GMRC-022 | -45 |
| 71.63 | 73.15 | 1.52 | 0.379 | GMRC-030 | -45 |
| 62.48 | 64.01 | 1.52 | 0.352 |
GMRC-023 | -45 |
| 4.57 | 27.43 | 22.86 | 1.634 |
| 80.77 | 83.82 | 3.05 | 0.321 | ||
incl. | 4.57 | 7.62 | 3.05 | 6.985 |
| 89.92 | 91.44 | 1.52 | 0.546 | ||||
incl. | 15.24 | 16.76 | 1.52 | 5.990 | GMRC-031 | -45 |
| 36.58 | 39.62 | 3.05 | 0.675 | ||
| 30.48 | 32.00 | 1.52 | 2.190 |
| 51.82 | 62.48 | 10.67 | 0.904 | ||||
| 41.15 | 44.20 | 3.05 | 0.469 | incl. | 51.82 | 56.39 | 4.57 | 1.199 | ||||
| 47.24 | 56.39 | 9.14 | 1.944 |
| 73.15 | 91.44 | 18.29 | 0.514 | ||||
incl. | 47.24 | 50.29 | 3.05 | 5.125 | incl. | 82.30 | 83.82 | 1.52 | 1.185 | ||||
| 71.63 | 73.15 | 1.52 | 0.451 | GMRC-033 | -45 |
| 77.72 | 79.25 | 1.52 | 0.818 | ||
| 76.20 | 79.25 | 3.05 | 0.353 |
| 88.39 | 94.49 | 6.10 | 0.372 | ||||
| 83.82 | 91.44 | 7.62 | 0.340 | GMRC-034 | -45 |
| 50.29 | 54.86 | 4.57 | 0.348 | ||
| 102.11 | 118.87 | 16.76 | 0.514 | GMRC-035 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 12.19 | 12.19 | 0.535 | ||
incl. | 111.25 | 112.78 | 1.52 | 2.150 |
| 59.44 | 64.01 | 4.57 | 0.314 | ||||
| 129.54 | 135.64 | 6.10 | 0.484 |
| 73.15 | 77.72 | 4.57 | 0.314 | ||||
GMRC-024 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 0.950 |
| 88.39 | 92.96 | 4.57 | 0.474 | ||
incl. | 0.00 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.220 | GMRC-037 | -45 |
| 27.43 | 32.00 | 4.57 | 0.578 | ||
| 16.76 | 21.34 | 4.57 | 2.939 | incl. | 27.43 | 28.96 | 1.52 | 1.120 | ||||
incl. | 16.76 | 18.29 | 1.52 | 7.470 |
| 38.10 | 39.62 | 1.52 | 0.397 | ||||
| 62.48 | 67.06 | 4.57 | 0.756 |
| 74.68 | 76.20 | 1.52 | 0.389 | ||||
incl. | 65.53 | 67.06 | 1.52 | 1.590 |
| 91.44 | 92.96 | 1.52 | 0.518 | ||||
| 89.92 | 91.44 | 1.52 | 0.456 | GMRC-038 | -45 |
| 28.96 | 30.48 | 1.52 | 0.459 | ||
| 53.34 | 54.86 | 1.52 | 0.415 | |||||||||
GMRC-039 | -45 |
| 62.48 | 64.01 | 1.52 | 1.465 | |||||||
| 77.72 | 80.77 | 3.05 | 0.318 | |||||||||
GMRC-043 | -45 |
| 0.00 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 0.333 | |||||||
| 44.20 | 47.24 | 3.05 | 0.496 | |||||||||
| 60.96 | 73.15 | 12.19 | 0.445 | |||||||||
incl. | 68.58 | 70.10 | 1.52 | 1.250 | |||||||||
| 80.77 | 85.34 | 4.57 | 0.639 | |||||||||
incl. | 83.82 | 85.34 | 1.52 | 1.095 |
7.5 | Interpretation |
The drill data were incorporated into the property database to complete a S-K 1300 compliant Mineral Resource estimate for this Initial Assessment. This included an industry standard QA/QC program, down-hole surveys were conducted on all holes. Care was also taken during drilling and the removal of core from the core barrel in order to maximize sample recoveries, and further specific gravity determinations were obtained from samples of the drill core.
The 2020-2021 GRCN drill information allowed for the refinement in the modeling of the high-grade portions of the Golden Mile Main Zone deposit, as well as the oxidized/unoxidized boundary, and the
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contact between Mesozoic sedimentary, Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks. These refinements are critical to the confidence in the resource estimation at Golden Mile Main Zone. Down-hole surveys conducted on the 2020-2021 holes indicated only minor deviations, which alleviated concerns related to the lack of down-hole survey data in previous holes. The confirmatory drilling ultimately led to the definition of Mineral Resources within the Golden Mile Main Zone deposit. The deposit’s mineralization remains open on strike and at depth.
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
8 | SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES, AND SECURITY |
8.1 | Historic Procedures |
Sample preparation, analyses and security procedures for historic exploration programs at Golden Mile were poorly documented. Only reports by Ristorcelli (2006) and Roscan (2011) provided any descriptions of procedures implemented. Kinross did not provide any documentation of procedures to the underlying owners during the time of their lease.
8.1.1 Cordex 2006
The 28 holes completed by Cordex in 2006 were drilled by an RC rig with injection of water as required by MSHA. Drill cuttings were circulated through a cyclone sampler. Equipment used is standard equipment employed by the exploration drilling business.
All chip material was recovered and collected. A 1.8 kg to 3.6 kg (4 to 8 lb) sample was split from the total sample using a rotating sample splitter, necessary for wet drilling. The reject sample was stored in the field. The assay sample interval is 1.52 m (5 ft) in drill holes cutting pre-Tertiary rocks. A 1.52 m (5 ft) assay sample of drill chips was collected every 6.1 to 9.2m (20 ft. to 30 f) in the unmineralized volcanic cover rock.
Drill assay samples collected for the Cordex RC holes in 2006 were transported to American Assay Laboratories Inc. (AAL) in Sparks, Nevada. AAL is a well-established and reputable laboratory participates in the following accreditations:
● | Certificate of ISO/IEC 17025 |
● | Certificate of Laboratory Proficiency PTP-MAL, accredited by the Standards Council of Canada |
● | Geostats of Australia certificate |
● | Society of Mineral Analysis-Round Robin Testing |
Assay samples as received were dried and crushed to 70% minus 10 mesh (0.90 mm). A split of about 400 g was taken and finely pulverized to 70% minus 150 mesh (0.07mm). A 30-g split of the pulverized material was assayed for gold using a fire assay with an atomic adsorption finish. Each sample interval was also analyzed for 30 elements by ICP using an aqua regia digestion of a 0.5-g split of the sample. American Assay inserted blanks and standards, and randomly re-assayed about 10% of the samples. Cordex did not insert standard samples or blanks into the sample stream before submitting samples to the assay lab. In addition, no repeat assays were done using a second assay laboratory.
Cordex selected groups of samples, usually those with initial assays greater than 300 ppb, for re-assay. For drill holes Ml-1 through Ml-15 (first phase of drilling} some re-assays were done on the original pulp sample. Some of the new assays were done on new samples processed from the rejects stored in the field,
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AMENDED 2021 INITIAL ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY FOR THE GOLDEN MILE PROPERTY, NEVADA
and essentially all repeat assays designated by Cordex from the second phase of drilling (Ml-16 through Ml-28) were new samples prepared from reject cuttings stored in the field. Cordex reported both the original and repeat assays in their data file, and also calculated and posted an average of the two assays.
Cordex engaged Mine Development Associates (MDA), a consulting group, to carry out a statistical analysis of the analytical database and provide recommendations on the sampling protocol (Ristorcelli, 2006). MDA noted that for all samples greater than 300 ppb Au, the relative difference in assay values is 94%, with most differences occurring in values above 1 g/t (0.029 opst) Au. MDA suggested that the high error most likely may be caused by the presence of relatively coarse gold or gold occurring in clots or irregularly distributed in the mineralized rock. Other possible sources of error are introduced by the nature of RC drilling which is noted for introducing downhole contamination and using wet sampling that can introduce bias by losing fine material from the sample.
8.1.2 Roscan 2011
Roscan (2011) completed a core drilling program designed to determine which structures host the gold at Golden Mile. Core was logged, sample intervals marked, core boxes taped closed and palletized for pick up by AAL. After the core was transported, it was cut with a diamond bladed saw by AAL personnel. The core was then dried, crushed to -10 mesh, split to 250 g and the split was pulverized to -150 mesh. A 30-g charge was analyzed by fire assay with an IC (1 ppb detection limit). Samples containing >3 g/t (0.088 opst) Au were re-analyzed by fire assay with a gravimetric finish. Multi-element ICP analysis for major and trace elements was completed on all samples submitted to AAL.
8.2 | GRCN Procedures |
8.2.1 Security Measures
Sample security procedures for GRCN sample materials were established according to industry standards and included (from generation of sample at the site) secured sample transport to a local locked storage facility for holding and/or directly shipped via secured transport to the laboratory for analysis. Diamond drill samples were loaded into sacks, ziptied and shipped to lab via GRCN personnel. RC samples were shipped by cargo truck in lots loaded into bins with top closures, enclosed trailer, or stacked and covered and secured to the bed of a transport truck (in the case of whole DDH drill hole boxes). Chain of custody forms accompanied the shipments to the reception at the assigned laboratory. No breaches of the security were reported.
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8.2.2 Sample Preparation and Analysis
For the GRCN 2020-2021 core drilling and 2021 RC drilling programs, continuous sampling was assigned to on 1.52 m (5 ft) intervals, contingent on drilling recovery conditions and geologic factors. Core assay samples were mainly processed at ALS in Reno, with additional work carried out at ALS in Vancouver, BC, Canada, Elko NV, Tuscon AZ, Sonora Mexico, Chihuahua Mexico and Lima Peru. ALS is an accredited ISO/IEC 17025 facility. Bureau Veritas Mineral Laboratories (Bureau Veritas), also an accredited ISO/IEC 17025 facility, assayed samples for the four GRCN metallurgical core holes and was also the umpire laboratory used for check assaying of samples sent to ALS. For the GRCN 2021 RC drilling program, all assay samples were processed at ALS.
All assay samples were analyzed using a 30 g FA with an AAS finish for gold (ALS code AU-AA23; Bureau Veritas code FA430)). This technique has a lower detection limit of 0.005 ppm and an upper detection limit of 10.00 ppm. Samples with greater than 10.00 ppm Au were re-analyzed using a 30 g FA with a gravimetric finish (ALS code Au-GRA21; Bureau Veritas code FA530). All assay samples were also analyzed using a 0.5 g sample with aqua regia for silver (ALS code Ag-AA45; Bureau Veritas code AQ-400). This technique has a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppm for Ag and an upper detection limit of 200 ppm for Ag.
GRCN has no business relationship with either ALS or Bureau Veritas, beyond being a customer for analytical services.
8.2.3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures
The 2020-2021 GRCN drilling programs consisted of 14 core and 43 RC drill holes. All Standard Reference Materials (SRM) used for the QA/QC program were obtained from Shea Clark Smith / MEG, Inc., Reno, Nevada (Table 8.1). Blank material was sourced as “Lava Rock” (pumice) from Oxborrow Landscaping, Sparks, Nevada.
Table 8.1 GRCN 2020-2021 Standard Reference Material (SRM)
Standard | Au ppm | SD |
MEG-AU.17.08 | 0.41 | 0.014 |
MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.663 | 0.046 |
MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.1 | 0.062 |
The variation from the SRM mean value defines the QA/QC variance and is used to determine acceptability of the standard sample assay. Approximately 60 g of sample material was submitted per QA/QC sample. For the 2020-2021 drilling programs, the criteria for failure were as follows.
1. | Assay result outside three times the SRM standard deviation: Warning |
2. | Assay result outside five times the SRM standard deviation: Failure |
3. | Blank value greater than 5 times the lower detection limit: Failure |
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For the core drill holes, 69 SRM standards and 68 blanks were inserted with the 1,428 samples collected (Tables 8.2 & 8.3). For the RC drilling program, a total of 184 SRM standards and 190 blanks were inserted with the 3,234 samples collected.
Table 8.2 GRCN 2020-2021 QA/QC SRM Results for DDH Drill Holes
Sample No. | Drill Hole No. | SRM Standard | Au ppm | SRM ppm | 95% Cl |
855720 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.429 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854640 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.425 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854620 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.423 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854560 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.415 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854580 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.413 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854600 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854780 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.428 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854840 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.425 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854800 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.422 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855320 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.409 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854900 | GMDD-006 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.409 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854960 | GMDD-006 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.422 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854940 | GMDD-006 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.424 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854380 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.386 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854440 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.408 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854460 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855500 | GMDD-009 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.432 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855480 | GMDD-009 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.416 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3080300 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.369 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3107660 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.402 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3080260 | GMDD-011 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.378 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3080280 | GMDD-011 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.385 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3080420 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.344 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
3080480 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.387 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855780 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.4 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855760 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.395 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
855700 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.418 | 0.41 | 0.381 – 0.439 |
854700 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.13 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854680 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.08 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854660 | GMDD-002 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.13 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854500 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.03 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854540 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.145 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854520 | GMDD-003 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.07 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855740 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.135 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854860 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.15 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854760 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.09 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855340 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.13 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855280 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.115 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855260 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.06 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855000 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.16 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854920 | GMDD-006 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.15 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854880 | GMDD-006 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.03 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854480 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.03 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
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854420 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.13 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855420 | GMDD-008 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.17 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855520 | GMDD-009 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.15 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080340 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.144 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080320 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.059 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3107640 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.031 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3107600 | GMDD-011 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.155 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3107620 | GMDD-011 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.165 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080360 | GMDD-012 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.104 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080380 | GMDD-012 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.125 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3107580 | GMDD-012 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.068 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3107560 | GMDD-012 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080400 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 0.977 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
3080460 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.005 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855620 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.055 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
855660 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.03 | 1.1 | 0.983 – 1.231 |
854360 | GMDD-001 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.677 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
854820 | GMDD-004 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.706 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855300 | GMDD-005 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.737 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
854400 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.717 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855400 | GMDD-008 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.632 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855380 | GMDD-008 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.664 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855460 | GMDD-009 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.708 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855540 | GMDD-009 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.703 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
3080440 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.628 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
855640 | GMDD-014 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.652 | 0.663 | 0.570 – 0.756 |
Table 8.3 GRCN 2020-2021 QA/QC Blanks Results for DDH Drill Holes
Sample No. | Drill Hole No. | BRM | Au ppm | Blank ppm | Failure ppm |
854361 | GMDD-001 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854681 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.119 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854661 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855701 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855721 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854641 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854621 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854541 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854601 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854561 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854521 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854501 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854581 | GMDD-003 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854821 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854761 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854841 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854861 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855741 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.013 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854781 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
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854801 | GMDD-004 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855321 | GMDD-005 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855281 | GMDD-005 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855261 | GMDD-005 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855341 | GMDD-005 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854881 | GMDD-006 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854961 | GMDD-006 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854941 | GMDD-006 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854901 | GMDD-006 | Lava Blank | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854921 | GMDD-006 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854381 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854401 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854441 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854481 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854461 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
854421 | GMDD-007 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855361 | GMDD-008 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855421 | GMDD-008 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855381 | GMDD-008 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855541 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855521 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855501 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855481 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855461 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855601 | GMDD-009 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107641 | GMDD-010 | Lava Blank | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080341 | GMDD-010 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080321 | GMDD-010 | Lava Blank | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080301 | GMDD-010 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107661 | GMDD-010 | Lava Blank | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080281 | GMDD-011 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080261 | GMDD-011 | Lava Blank | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107621 | GMDD-011 | Lava Blank | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107601 | GMDD-011 | Lava Blank | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107581 | GMDD-012 | Lava Blank | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080361 | GMDD-012 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080381 | GMDD-012 | Lava Blank | 0.01 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3107561 | GMDD-012 | Lava Blank | 0.014 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080461 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080441 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080421 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080401 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
3080481 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.01 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855621 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855781 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855641 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.034 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855761 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855681 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.0025 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
855661 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
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For the 69 core SRM samples submitted, a total of two warnings were returned and two failures (Table 8.4). Performance of the remaining assays was acceptable (Fig. 8.1). It was noted that three out of the four SRM warnings or failures were submitted to Inspectorate labs. For the 184 RC SRM standards submitted a total of eight failures were reported, the majority of which appear to be the result of recording the incorrect SRM (Fig. 8.2).
Table 8.4 2020-2021 SRM Failures
Sample No. | Drill Hole No. | SRM | Au ppm | Criteria |
3080300 | GMDD-010 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.369 | Warning |
3080260 | GMDD-011 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.378 | Warning |
854460 | GMDD-007 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.360 | Failure |
3080420 | GMDD-013 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.344 | Failure |
835020 | GMRC-035 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.454 | Failure |
311740 | GMRC-004 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.457 | Failure |
835200 | GMRC-038 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 0.561 | Failure |
314300 | GMRC-025 | MEG-Au.17.08 | 1.16 | Failure |
312700 | GMRC-026 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 0.416 | Failure |
835100 | GMRC-037 | MEG-Au.17.21 | 0.019 | Failure |
312440 | GMRC-018 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.515 | Failure |
314140 | GMRC-021 | MEG-Au.19.05 | 0.443 | Failure |
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Figure 8.1 2020-2021 SRM Performance for DDH
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Figure 8.2 2020-2021 SRM Performance for RC
For the blank material, a total of four failures each were reported for DDH and RC drill holes (Table 8.5; Fig. 8.3).
Table 8.5 2020-2021 Blank Material Failures
Sample No. | Drill Hole No. | BRM | Au ppm | Criteria |
854681 | GMDD-002 | Lava Blank | 0.119 | > 0.015 |
855641 | GMDD-014 | Lava Blank | 0.034 | > 0.015 |
3080261 | GMDD-011 | Lava Blank | 0.03 | > 0.015 |
3080461 | GMDD-013 | Lava Blank | 0.021 | > 0.015 |
835301 | GMRC-039 | Lava Blank | 0.086 | > 0.015 |
313321 | GMRC-006 | Lava Blank | 0.045 | > 0.015 |
312541 | GMRC-020 | Lava Blank | 0.031 | > 0.015 |
314541 | GMRC-029 | Lava Blank | 0.016 | > 0.015 |
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Figure 8.3 2020-2021 Blank Material Performance
8.2.4 Check Assays
For the 2020-2021 core drilling campaign, a total of 241 field duplicates were taken and submitted for assay at the same laboratory as the primary sample. There is a strong correlation between the primary and secondary assays, with several outliers noted, possibly representing either a high nugget effect or gold occurring in clots or irregularly distributed in the mineralized rock (Figs. 8.4 & 8.5).
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Figure 8.4 Au Field Duplicate Control Plot
Figure 8.5 Au Min Max Field Duplicate Control Plot
8.3 | Opinion on Adequacy |
GRCN considers that the 2020-2021 core and RC drilling programs meets industry standards and have been reviewed and confirmed in sufficient detail to permit inclusion of the information in the Golden Mile property database.
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9 | DATA VERIFICATION |
9.1 | Historic Property Evaluation and Data Verification |
Upon acquisition of the Golden Mile property, GRCN conducted a thorough review of all available data. GRCN found that numerous errors existed in the database. These errors included hole locations, including the elimination of certain holes from the database, and entering of assays into the database. Other assay issues included switching back and forth from g/t (ppm) to opst in drill logs. Additionally, assays were compiled and averaged using duplicate assays. In some cases, the duplicate assays were neither entered nor compiled. In these cases, assay values changed significantly. Ray (2016) also noted that the locations of many historical drill holes were not well known and many drill hole collars had not been surveyed. GRCN has made a diligent effort to identify and correct any errors in the Golden Mile database.
Available information on historic property evaluations and data verifications are summarized below.
9.1.1 Teck
Surface rock chip samples, and grab samples from drill chips collected from the property during and after the Teck program, were analyzed by multi-element ICP techniques (O’Donnell, 2016). Analytical results suggested that the gold mineralizing system is accompanied by a trace element assemblage of elevated arsenic, antimony, bismuth and possibly manganese. In the Main Zone, elevated copper and silver values accompany the gold, but in other parts of the property (such as the stockwork zones) they do not. This is consistent with the presence of more than one style of skarn mineralization, but an alternative interpretation that more than one kind of gold mineralizing system is also possible. Teck also noted that aqua-regia digestion, such as has been used for the ICP analyses, provides only a partial leach for certain key pathfinder elements in gold skarn systems, including bismuth and tellurium.
Teck determined that elevated geochemical values form three northeasterly- trending clusters:
1. | west of the Main Zone |
2. | over the Main Zone and northeast extension |
3. | east of the Main Zone, on the ridge with silicified horizons |
9.1.2 Cordex
In 2006, Cordex collected 12 samples during their evaluation of the Golden Mile property (O'Donnell, 2006). These samples were intended to confirm the presence of metal in the system and to characterize styles of mineralization. Most samples were collected from areas that had been reported to be mineralized. Additional samples tested monzonite west of the Main Zone, and the ridge with silicified
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breccia east of the Main Zone. Eight of the 12 samples collected returned results exceeding 500 ppb Au (Table 9.1). Assays ranged from 10 ppb Au to a maximum of 17,450 ppb Au (Sample# 415519). Samples were submitted to ALS Chemex (ALS) in Sparks, Nevada. ALS is certified under ISO 9002, and employs a comprehensive quality control program covering both sample preparation and analysis. Samples were analyzed for gold by FA/AA techniques on a 30 g aliquot, with a 5-ppb detection limit. Samples returning in excess of 10 g/t (0.292 opst) Au were re-assayed using fire assay techniques with a gravimetric finish (FA/GRAV). Samples were analyzed for other elements by 34-element ICP-AES (using aqua-regia partial digestion) and for mercury using cold vapor/AA techniques. Samples exceeding 10,000 ppm in copper, lead or zinc were re-analyzed for those elements using aqua regia/AA techniques. No standards were submitted by Cordex to the laboratory.
The results of surface rock sampling performed by Cordex correlated well with the results from previous work on the property and confirmed the presence of gold and copper mineralization of a tenor similar to that reported by previous workers in surface sampling on the property (O'Donnell, 2006).
Table 9.1 Cordex Significant Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au)
Sample | Au | Ag | As | Bi | Cu | Sb | Zn | Description |
415519 | 17,450 | 41.7 | 1,370 | 54 | 101,000 | 198 | 1,285 | mt skarn and fault on west wall main pit |
415515 | 13,550 | 2.9 | 127 | 46 | 579 | 16 | 117 | px-mt skarn, small pit |
415541 | 3,410 | 3.6 | 2,700 | 30 | 8,590 | 102 | 92 | mt skarn in main pit, sil network |
415517 | 2,660 | 11.8 | 9,780 | 42 | 18,200 | 128 | 120 | retrograde skarn(ep) malachite |
415518 | 2,440 | 7.9 | 819 | 19 | 13,000 | 57 | 261 | ss/sh, malachite seams |
415516 | 2,350 | 7.1 | 186 | 43 | 3,860 | 11 | 426 | mt-px skarn, adit dump |
415520 | 2,030 | 8.7 | 4,080 | 68 | 8,500 | 66 | 71 | Mt-skarn in main pit, sil-network |
415521 | 667 | 1.3 | 671 | 16 | 1,595 | 22 | 100 | silicified bx, feox boxworks |
9.1.3 Portage
In a 2009 NI 43-101 Technical Report, Portage reported that 3 verification samples were taken from old surface workings at the Golden Mile property (Suda, 2009). These samples were analyzed by ALS in Sparks, NV and assays ranged from 1.12 ppm to 9.99 ppm Au (Table 9.2).
Portage also checked pre-2006 data including drill chips mounted on canvas strip logs in the offices of Cordex in Reno. The chip logs were examined using a binocular microscope and checked against written log sheets. Cordex assay database was also checked against the official assay sheets prepared by American
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Assay Lab. Only very rarely were errors detected. Data transferred to the database were at least 99.8% accurately transcribed. The available material and assay data appear to be consistent with descriptions presented in the logs as well as with the geology and styles of mineralization reported on the property.
Geological mapping checked during a field examination showed the map had been accurately and correctly prepared (Suda, 2009). Most drill hole locations were also visited and examined in the field and found to be reclaimed and marked by a permanent survey marker.
Table 9.2 Portage Rock Chip Samples (>500 ppb Au)
Sample No. | Easting | Northing | Au | Ag | Cu | Zn | Description |
GMN-01 | 433 168 | 4 262 384 | 1.97 | 7.6 | 5,290 | 85 | 15' chip-channel sample, dozer cut just VV of Ml-3 Mt- garnet skarn, clay-carb-chlorite alt w/limonites |
GMN-02 | 433 183 | 4 262 380 | 9.99 | 8.6 | 1.70% | 191 | 1O' chip channel sample, W wall of pit gothite-stained retrograde skarn, ser-clay laced with limonite veinlets; intersection of NW and NE structures |
GMN-03 | 433 211 | 4 262 469 | 1.12 | 0.2 | 35 | 43 | 8' chip channel sample, dozer cut 20' S of hole M1-12 Granular clay-rich rock with limonites, retrograde skarn |
9.2 | GRCN Data Verification |
In early 2020, GRCN collected 11 rock chip samples from old surface workings as part of its due diligence prior to acquisition of the Golden Mile property.
9.2.1 GRCN Check Samples
Check samples were analyzed by Bureau Veritas, Sparks, NV and gold assays ranged from 0.211 ppm to 12.20 ppm Au (Table 9.3). The location of GRCN check samples are shown on Figure 9.1. The results of surface rock sampling confirmed results from previous work on the property and the presence of gold, silver and copper mineralization. Elevated levels of lead, zinc, arsenic and antimony were also returned for the check samples. In addition, iron content was quite high with four of the samples returning more than 40% iron indicating an association of gold mineralization with magnetite skarn, at least locally. Six of the GRCN check samples were also re-submitted to Bureau Veritas for cyanide bottle roll tests to
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determine the amenability to cyanide leach gold recovery. The results of the bottle roll tests are described in Section 10.
Table 9.3 GRCN Rock Chip Check Samples
Sample | Au | Ag | Cu | Pb | Zn | As | Sb | Fe |
Number | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | % |
3082801 | 1.613 | 5.9 | 3,239.8 | 29.8 | 885 | 345.4 | 53.4 | >40.00 |
3082802 | 3.629 | 3.7 | 5,793.3 | 90.5 | 5,211 | 4,124.7 | 291.8 | >40.00 |
3082803 | 6.366 | 20.7 | >10,000.0 | 63.0 | 628 | 1,139.9 | 215.0 | 9.80 |
3082804 | 2.824 | 8.8 | 3,632.3 | 63.1 | 161 | 1,159.1 | 146.1 | 11.90 |
3082805 | 3.150 | 11.1 | 7,851.6 | 116.8 | 132 | 6,110.6 | 156.9 | >40.00 |
3082806 | 1.091 | 8.3 | >10,000.0 | 37.9 | 121 | 1,935.7 | 63.3 | 20.56 |
3082807 | 8.457 | 9.3 | 8,352.1 | 34.8 | 142 | 3,309.0 | 283.3 | >40.00 |
3082808 | 2.766 | 7.4 | 3,838.6 | 99.4 | 387 | 186.7 | 17.2 | 4.15 |
3082809 | 0.268 | 1.1 | 454.6 | 66.1 | 176 | 93.3 | 15.0 | 1.59 |
3082810 | 0.211 | 1.1 | 99.1 | 7.2 | 236 | 910.9 | 277.9 | 3.42 |
3082811 | 12.200 | 35.2 | 600.4 | 2,543.5 | 2,966 | >10,000.0 | 257.9 | 19.98 |
Figure 9.1 Location Map of GRCN Rock Chip Check Samples Collected from the Golden Mile Property
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9.2.2 Drilling Database
In 2020-2021, GRCN determined that multiple operators had historically worked on the Golden Mile property. The historic drilling data available incorporated 142 drill holes as follows:
✓ | Battle Mt Exploration: 29 drillholes |
✓ | Cordex: 28 drillholes |
✓ | Elmwood JV: 18 drillholes |
✓ | Kinross: 36 drillholes |
✓ | Roscan: 5 drillholes |
✓ | Standard Slag: 7 drillholes |
✓ | Teck: 4 drillholes |
✓ | USMX: 15 drillholes |
Of these, the Kinross RC holes had both collar and downhole surveys. The remaining drill holes were limited to collar surveys only. Thirty-one drill holes had no associated assay data and one drill hole has no associated collar coordinates, leaving 112 drill holes available for resource modeling on the property. Up until acquisition of the property by GRCN, the five Roscan drill holes were the only known diamond drill holes completed on the property.
9.3 | Opinion on Data Adequacy |
Investigations of all aspects of current and historical data quality indicates that the quality of the information is suitable for an Initial Assessment of Mineral Resources.
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10 | MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING |
10.1 | Historic Metallurgical Testing |
Cyanide bottle roll tests are the industry standard initial stage in assessing the gold recovery possible by cyanide leaching. During a bottle roll test, prepared ore is gently agitated in a cyanide leaching solution. Oxygen levels, alkalinity, acid consumption and other parameters are monitored and strictly controlled throughout the test.
In 1982, 24-hour agitated cyanide bottle roll tests on four bulk samples were completed by Kappes Cassidy & Associates (KCA) on mineralized material collected from the Golden Mile property (Kappes, Cassiday & Associates, 1982). The samples were composited and submitted to KCA by Grayhill Exploration Company (Grayhill) as part of the Elmwood JV.
Pulverized portions were prepared from each of the samples used for the bottle roll tests. Description of the bulk samples are as follows:
● | Sample 2903A (labeled “AS-1”) weighing approximately 100 lbs and described by KCA as “mostly coarse rock 2 to 6 in maximum dimension with few fines. The sample appeared to consist of porous, well-leached volcanic fragments cemented with red and black iron oxides along ¼-inch wide fractures”. |
● | Sample 2903B (labeled “AS-2”) having the same sample weight and size distribution as 2903A and described by KCA as "nearly 100% of porous, soft yellow brown iron oxides (limonite?) with a considerable amount of apparently secondary botryoidal limonite lining vugs. Some minor jarosite or scorodite was present as coatings”. |
● | Sample 2903C, an approximately 120-pound composite from drill holes CMA-1, CMA-3 and CMA-4 described in the KCA report as "hard, very heavy black porous magnetite, with some green copper staining and some yellow-brown porous iron oxides". |
● | Sample 2903D, an approximate 100-pound composite from drill holes CMA-2 and CMA-5, described by KCA as consisting of "mostly yellow-brown, low-density, earthy, highly porous, iron-oxide-stained rich fragments (well-leached volcanics?)”. |
Each sample was treated individually and identically by KCA as follows:
1. | The entire sample was crushed through a jaw crusher set at 1.5 in |
2. | The sample was split in half and one-half was stored. |
3. | The remaining half was crushed through a jaw crusher set at 5/8th-in. |
4. | A 2-kg portion was split out from the 5/8th-inch material and the remainder was stored. |
5. | The 2-kg portion was crushed to 100% passing 6-mesh and split in half. Half was pulverized. |
6. | Two pulps were split out from the pulverized material, one for reference, and one for a bottle roll test on a 500-g portion. |
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The procedure used for the agitated cyanide bottle roll tests performed by KCA were as follows:
1. | Place 500-g of pulverized material into a 2-liter poly-bottle and add 750 ml of distilled water. |
2. | Adjust pH to 10.0, if necessary, with lime. |
3. | Add 3.75 g NaCN (equivalent to 5-g NaCN per liter) and place on rolls. |
4. | Check solution at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours for pH, Au, Ag and Cu. |
5. | Check NaCN in solution at 2 and 8 hours. |
6. | Filter, wash, and dry tailings. Submit for fire assay. |
The recovery of contained gold in the tests was 86% and 87% from the two “AS” samples and 81% and 84% from the two “CMA” samples. Results of bottle roll tests are in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1 Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests on Pulverized Material (KCA, 1982)
There appears to be no reason to doubt the accuracy or veracity of this work. These tests provide a preliminary metallurgical insight into the material sampled. However, at the time of the sampling, a resource had not been established and it is uncertain whether the samples collected were representative of the primary zone of mineralization.
To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no additional metallurgical testing conducted for Golden Mile mineralization since the KCA (1982) study was completed.
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10.2 | GRCN Metallurgical Testing |
10.2.1 GRCN Initial Cyanide Bottle Roll Leach Testing
In 2020, GRCN had cyanide bottle roll leach tests conducted on six representative rock chip samples collected during the initial property visit (Table 10.2). The selected samples were submitted to Bureau Veritas in Sparks, NV. Each sample was pulverized, targeting 85% passing 200 mesh (Tyler). Head grades were determined by Bureau Veritas using fire assay preparation with an AAS finish. Cyanide bottle roll tests were then conducted for 96 hours on 1,000 g of pulverized sample material mixed with 2,000 mm of leach solution.
Positive bottle roll leach recoveries for gold and silver were indicated by these early-stage metallurgical tests. Gold recoveries ranged from 53% to 100% averaging 82%. Silver recoveries ranged from 48% to 73% averaging 64%. Leach kinetics were relatively fast achieving plus 65% of the total gold recovery in 2 hours as shown for Sample 3082802 in Figure 10.1.
These test results are similar to the historic cyanide bottle roll leach tests run on Golden Mile samples in 1982. Both GRCN’s and earlier tests suggest that the Golden Mile gold-deposit should be amenable to either cyanide heap leach or agitated cyanide leach processing methods.
Table 10.2 GRCN Initial Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests on Pulverized Material
Sample | Target p85 | Assayed | Bottle Roll | Au | Assayed | Bottle Roll | Ag | Leach |
Number | Mesh Tyler | Au ppm | Au ppm | % | Ag ppm | Ag ppm | % | hours |
3082801 | Pulv. | 1.613 | 1.610 | 100% | 5.9 | 3.9 | 66% | 96 |
3082802 | Pulv. | 3.629 | 2.750 | 76% | 3.7 | 2.7 | 73% | 96 |
3082804 | Pulv. | 2.824 | 2.010 | 71% | 8.8 | 5.8 | 66% | 96 |
3082806 | Pulv. | 1.091 | 0.960 | 88% | 8.3 | 4.0 | 48% | 96 |
3082807 | Pulv. | 8.457 | 4.520 | 53% | 9.3 | 5.8 | 62% | 96 |
3082809 | Pulv. | 0.268 | 0.280 | 104% | 1.1 | 0.8 | 73% | 96 |
AVERAGE | 2.980 | 2.022 | 82% | 6.2 | 3.8 | 64% |
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Figure 10.1 Example of Cyanide Bottle Roll Test Results for GRCN Check Sample #3082802. Extraction %Au (Top), Extraction %Ag (Bottom); Bottle Roll Tests completed by Bureau Veritas, Sparks, NV
10.2.2 Metallic Screen Assays
During the 2020-2021 core drilling program, GRCN geologists observed visible gold in the drill core. To address a potential nugget effect, selected samples were submitted to ALS for a metallic screening assay procedure to evaluate the possibility of uneven distribution of gold. Metallic screen fire assaying (ALS Code Au_SCR21) was completed on 1 kg of sample pulp screened to 100 microns. Gravimetric analysis was completed on the entire oversize (plus) fraction and duplicate 30 g assays were also run on the screen undersize fraction. The size fraction weights, coarse and fine fraction gold content and total gold content were reported (Table 10.3).
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The primary goal of the metallic screen assay procedure was to give a better idea of the true assay of the sample and also say something about the content of coarse gold in the sample. The metallic screens run on these samples confirmed that the weighted average assays of the combined oversize and undersize fractions (Au Total (+)(-) Combined) were generally close to the “Original Fire Assay Result”. The difference between the assays averaged <2%. The metallic screen assay procedure also showed that the duplicate 30 g assays on the undersize fraction were repeatable with the difference between assays typically <5%.
In this sample set, the metallic screen analyses do not show a significantly different gold grade than the original fire assays. The met screens also do not show a significant amount of coarse gold. These two items suggest metallic screen analyses are not going to increase knowledge regarding grade over a typical fire assay (or multiple head assays when averaged).
Table 10.3 Metallic Screen Assays on Pulverized Material
HoleID | Sample | Original | Metallic Screen Assays (Au-SCR21) | Check Assays (inc. dup) | ||||||
Fire Assay Result | Au-AA25 | Au-AA25D | ||||||||
Au | Au Total (+)(-) | Au (+) Fraction | Au (-) Fraction | Au (+) mg | WT. + Frac | WT. - Frac | Au | Au | ||
g/t | g/t | g/t | g/t | mg | g | g | g/t | g/t | ||
GMDD-002 | 854625 | 17.45 | 24.50 | 192 | 12.4 | 12.668 | 65.9 | 915.1 | 12.1 | 12.65 |
GMDD-002 | 854626 | 0.08 | 0.10 | <0.05 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 70.28 | 854.6 | 0.1 | 0.12 |
GMDD-002 | 854627 | 0.17 | 0.09 | <0.05 | 0.1 | <0.001 | 69.69 | 914.9 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
GMDD-002 | 854628 | 15.50 | 6.48 | 30.8 | 4.2 | 2.600 | 84.3 | 899.1 | 3.95 | 4.44 |
GMDD-002 | 854629 | 10.50 | 11.75 | 47.7 | 8.68 | 3.664 | 76.89 | 898.3 | 8.96 | 8.39 |
GMDD-002 | 854648 | 12.45 | 12.25 | 37.3 | 9.65 | 3.579 | 95.9 | 921.7 | 9.68 | 9.62 |
GMDD-002 | 854649 | 0.06 | 0.07 | <0.05 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 77.19 | 891.5 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
GMDD-002 | 854650 | 6.27 | 5.53 | 18.35 | 4.34 | 1.504 | 82.03 | 878.7 | 4.46 | 4.21 |
GMDD-002 | 854651 | 4.68 | 3.97 | 3.27 | 4.05 | 0.311 | 95.02 | 876.2 | 4.13 | 3.97 |
GMDD-003 | 854494 | 1.62 | 1.25 | 1.77 | 1.19 | 0.192 | 108.25 | 863.8 | 1.09 | 1.28 |
GMDD-003 | 854495 | 1.61 | 3.30 | 3.6 | 3.27 | 0.399 | 110.7 | 838.3 | 3.08 | 3.45 |
GMDD-003 | 854496 | 0.49 | 1.91 | 1.45 | 1.95 | 0.119 | 82.33 | 893.2 | 1.83 | 2.07 |
GMDD-004 | 855744 | 0.13 | 0.13 | <0.05 | 0.14 | 0.002 | 78.91 | 922.1 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
GMDD-004 | 855745 | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.57 | 0.017 | 78.13 | 905.3 | 0.54 | 0.59 |
GMDD-004 | 855746 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 0.93 | 0.042 | 55.18 | 930.8 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
GMDD-004 | 855747 | 0.05 | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 48.8 | 902.6 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
GMDD-004 | 855748 | 0.73 | 1.05 | 3.89 | 0.76 | 0.352 | 90.49 | 873.7 | 0.78 | 0.73 |
GMDD-004 | 854786 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 0.048 | 105.9 | 910.8 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
GMDD-004 | 854787 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 2.33 | 0.46 | 0.184 | 79.03 | 886.4 | 0.5 | 0.42 |
GMDD-004 | 854788 | 8.66 | 9.49 | 37.1 | 7.1 | 2.919 | 78.74 | 907.4 | 6.66 | 7.54 |
GMDD-004 | 854813 | 0.55 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.44 | 0.037 | 48.23 | 934.6 | 0.45 | 0.42 |
GMDD-004 | 854814 | 1.18 | 0.73 | 7.99 | 0.15 | 0.623 | 78 | 958.9 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
GMDD-004 | 854815 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.006 | 79.76 | 934.9 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
GMDD-004 | 854816 | 4.89 | 3.21 | 7.59 | 2.79 | 0.663 | 87.34 | 893 | 2.65 | 2.92 |
GMDD-004 | 854817 | 0.15 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.001 | 77.73 | 930.1 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
GMDD-004 | 854818 | 1.03 | 1.69 | 2.21 | 1.66 | 0.114 | 51.59 | 1003.5 | 1.85 | 1.47 |
GMDD-003 | 854592 | 0.96 | 1.34 | 2.49 | 1.3 | 0.094 | 37.73 | 892.7 | 1.12 | 1.47 |
GMDD-003 | 854593 | 3.96 | 5.42 | 69.7 | 3.44 | 1.819 | 26.09 | 846.8 | 3.22 | 3.65 |
GMDD-003 | 854594 | 1.97 | 1.92 | 2.86 | 1.88 | 0.112 | 39.2 | 875.6 | 1.91 | 1.85 |
GMDD-003 | 854595 | 2.51 | 1.21 | 8.92 | 1 | 0.212 | 23.77 | 857.5 | 0.98 | 1.01 |
GMDD-003 | 854596 | 0.54 | 0.71 | 2.87 | 0.63 | 0.099 | 34.52 | 849.8 | 0.67 | 0.58 |
GMDD-007 | 854390 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.016 | 25.97 | 837 | 0.74 | 0.81 |
GMDD-007 | 854391 | 2.15 | 2.27 | 2.26 | 2.28 | 0.081 | 35.92 | 926.3 | 2.3 | 2.25 |
GMDD-007 | 854392 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 0.014 | 35.28 | 836 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
GMDD-007 | 854393 | 1.94 | 1.89 | 1.71 | 1.9 | 0.060 | 35.01 | 831.1 | 1.88 | 1.92 |
GMDD-007 | 854394 | 5.59 | 3.96 | 9.16 | 3.73 | 0.330 | 36.04 | 811.4 | 3.73 | 3.72 |
GMDD-007 | 854395 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.012 | 33.78 | 825.3 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
10.2.32021 Metallurgical Testing (KCA)
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In early 2021, GRCN completed four PQ-size core holes in the Main Zone at Golden Mile for metallurgical testing. The location of metallurgical holes drilled at Golden Mile by GRCN are shown in Figure 7.3.
The purpose of this testwork was to evaluate process requirements to recover gold using conventional heap leaching technology. Heap leaching relies on a leaching agent moving through a bed of heaped ore to extract the metallic components, like gold and silver. The crushed ore is stacked on a leaching pad and irrigated with the leaching agent, typically cyanide. The leaching agent chemically reacts with the metal in the ore to dissolve the gold (& silver) into the solution as it percolates through the heap. The impregnated solution can then be collected at the bottom of the heap so that the gold and silver can be recovered.
Mineralized core intervals selected for metallurgical testing were sent to the KCA facility in Reno, Nevada. A total of 65 boxes of half-split PQ-size drill core representing 553 kg of material was delivered to KCA. Samples were separated into four composites based on mineralization type as described in Table 10.4. The test work completed on these composites consisted of head screen analysis (including, whole rock and QXRD), screen analysis by size fraction, comminution, bottle roll, agglomeration and column leach testing.
Table 10.4 Golden Mile Composite Core Samples Selected for Metallurgical Testing
KCA | Description | Sample Weight | Est. Grade | Est. Grade |
Kg | g/t Au | opst | ||
91201 | MET A - Jd Upper Composite | 202 | 1.790 | 0.052 |
91202 | MET B - Jd Lower Composite | 223 | 0.783 | 0.023 |
91203 | MET C - Tqp, Jd+mag, Jqd Composite | 69 | 2.641 | 0.077 |
91204 | MET D - MSK Composite | 59 | 2.115 | 0.062 |
Total | 553 | |
10.2.3.1 Head Analyses
Portions of the composite material (MET A through D) were utilized for head analyses, which included head assays, head screen analyses with assays by size fraction, multi-element analyses, whole rock analyses, and cyanide soluble test work.
A summary of the head assays for gold and silver are presented in Tables 10.5 and 10.6.
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Table 10.5 Gold Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites
Table 10.6 Silver Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites
Head analyses for mercury were conducted utilizing cold vapor/atomic absorption methods. Total copper analyses were conducted utilizing inductively coupled argon plasma – optical emission spectrophotometer (ICAP-OES) as well as by FAAS methods.
The results of the mercury and copper analyses are presented in Table 10.7.
Table 10.7 Mercury and Copper Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites (KCA 2021)
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Head analyses for carbon and sulfur were conducted utilizing a LECO CS 400 unit. In addition to total carbon and sulfur analyses, speciation for organic and inorganic carbon and speciation for sulfide and sulfate sulfur were conducted.
The results of the carbon and sulfur analyses are presented in Table 10.8.
Table 10.8 Carbon and Sulfur Head Analyses for Golden Mile Sample Composites (KCA, 2021)
Semi-quantitative analyses were conducted by means of an ICAP-OES for a series of individual elements and whole rock constituents (lithium metaborate fusion/ICAP).
The results of the multi-element analyses and whole rock analyses are presented in Tables 10.9 and 10.10.
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Table 10.9 Head Analyses – Multi-Element (KCA, 2021)
Description | Unit | MET A - Jd Upper | MET B - Jd Lower | MET C - Tqp, Jd+mag, Jqd | MET D – MSK |
KCA Sample No. 91501 B | KCA Sample No. 91502 B | KCA Sample No. | KCA Sample No. | ||
Al | % | 5.91 | 5.77 | 5.44 | 1.67 |
As | ppm | 110 | 218 | 122 | 7408 |
Ba | ppm | 610 | 301 | 445 | 249 |
Bi | ppm | 26 | <2 | <2 | 9 |
C(total) | % | 0.98 | 0.86 | 1.10 | 3.73 |
C(organic) | % | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.28 |
C(inorganic) | % | 0.95 | 0.77 | 1.00 | 3.45 |
Ca | % | 4.75 | 6.49 | 12.31 | 11.32 |
Cd | ppm | <1 | <1 | <1 | 6 |
Co | ppm | 6 | 9 | 8 | 39 |
Cr | ppm | 59 | 60 | 85 | 21 |
Cu(total) | ppm | 235 | 438 | 366 | 9866 |
Cu(cyanide soluble) | ppm | 94 | 167 | 116 | 4111 |
Fe | % | 1.25 | 1.75 | 3.93 | 12.54 |
Hg | ppm | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.96 | 2.46 |
K | % | 3.11 | 2.19 | 1.44 | 0.26 |
Mg | % | 3.25 | 4.04 | 2.64 | 10.09 |
Mn | ppm | 245 | 267 | 549 | 812 |
Mo | ppm | 4 | 28 | 21 | <1 |
Na | % | 0.70 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.16 |
Ni | ppm | 9 | 10 | 7 | 13 |
Pb | ppm | 15 | 13 | 20 | 27 |
S(total) | % | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
S(sulfide) | % | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | <0.01 |
S(sulfate) | % | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.04 |
Sb | ppm | 15 | 11 | 6 | 147 |
Se | ppm | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 |
Sr | ppm | 240 | 320 | 316 | 660 |
Te | ppm | 12 | 8 | 7 | 33 |
Ti | % | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.08 |
V | ppm | 63 | 80 | 109 | 56 |
W | ppm | <10 | <10 | <10 | 14 |
Zn | ppm | 49 | 19 | 28 | 274 |
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Table 10.10 Head Analyses - Whole Rock (KCA, 2021)
Description | Unit | MET A - Jd Upper | MET B - Jd Lower | MET C - Tqp, Jd+mag, Jqd | MET D – MSK | ||||
KCA Sample No. | KCA Sample No. | KCA Sample No. | KCA Sample No. | ||||||
SiO2 | % | 60.09 |
| 56.47 |
| 49.65 |
| 20.83 |
|
Si | % |
| 28.09 |
| 26.40 |
| 23.21 |
| 9.74 |
Al2O3 | % | 12.34 |
| 12.52 |
| 11.46 |
| 3.69 |
|
Al | % |
| 6.53 |
| 6.63 |
| 6.07 |
| 1.95 |
Fe2O3 | % | 1.80 |
| 2.68 |
| 5.79 |
| 17.91 |
|
Fe | % |
| 1.26 |
| 1.87 |
| 4.05 |
| 12.52 |
CaO | % | 6.93 |
| 9.60 |
| 18.57 |
| 16.38 |
|
Ca | % |
| 4.95 |
| 6.86 |
| 13.27 |
| 11.71 |
MgO | % | 5.56 |
| 7.30 |
| 4.67 |
| 18.33 |
|
Mg | % |
| 3.35 |
| 4.40 |
| 2.82 |
| 11.06 |
Na2O | % | 0.87 |
| 1.38 |
| 1.19 |
| 0.04 |
|
Na | % |
| 0.65 |
| 1.02 |
| 0.88 |
| 0.03 |
K2O | % | 3.93 |
| 2.75 |
| 1.79 |
| 0.31 |
|
K | % |
| 3.26 |
| 2.28 |
| 1.49 |
| 0.26 |
TiO2 | % | 0.34 |
| 0.43 |
| 0.44 |
| 0.14 |
|
Ti | % |
| 0.20 |
| 0.26 |
| 0.26 |
| 0.08 |
MnO | % | 0.04 |
| 0.04 |
| 0.07 |
| 0.11 |
|
Mn | % |
| 0.03 |
| 0.03 |
| 0.05 |
| 0.09 |
SrO | % | 0.03 |
| 0.03 |
| 0.03 |
| 0.07 |
|
Sr | % |
| 0.03 |
| 0.03 |
| 0.03 |
| 0.06 |
BaO | % | 0.07 |
| 0.04 |
| 0.05 |
| 0.02 |
|
Ba | % |
| 0.06 |
| 0.04 |
| 0.04 |
| 0.02 |
Cr2O3 | % | 0.01 |
| 0.01 |
| 0.02 |
| <0.01 |
|
Cr | % |
| 0.01 |
| 0.01 |
| 0.01 |
| <0.01 |
P2O5 | % | 0.11 |
| 0.14 |
| 0.14 |
| <0.01 |
|
P | % |
| 0.05 |
| 0.06 |
| 0.06 |
| <0.01 |
LOI1090°C | % | 6.93 |
| 5.78 |
| 5.57 |
| 18.78 |
|
SUM | % | 99.05 |
| 99.17 |
| 99.44 |
| 96.61 |
|
NOTE: The SUM is the total of the oxide constituents and the Loss-on-Ignition
Cyanide shake tests were conducted utilizing portions of the pulverized head composite material. These tests provided preliminary indications of cyanide soluble metal extractions from pulverized material.
The results of individual cyanide shake tests are presented in Table 10.11.
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Table 10.11 Head Analyses – Cyanide Shake Tests (KCA, 2021)
10.2.3.2 Head Screen Analyses with Assays by Size Fraction
Head screen analysis was carried out on portions of each of the four Golden Mile sample composites received. The objective of the head screen analysis was to determine assay values from select crush size fractions. Head screen analyses were conducted utilizing portions of material crushed to 100% passing 37.5 mm (1.476 in) and 100% passing 9.5 mm (0.374 in). The minus 37.5 mm crushed material apportioned for the head screen was dry screened at 37.5, 25, 19, 12.5, 9.5, 6.3, 4.75, 2.36, 1.70 and 0.212 mm. The minus 9.5 mm crushed material apportioned for the head screen was dry screened at 9.5, 6.3, 4.75, 2.36, 1.70 and 0.212 mm.
Each separate size fraction was weighed, and the weights reported. Each size fraction was then crushed to 100% passing 1.70 mm (0.067 in), as needed. From each size fraction two (2) portions were split out and individually pulverized to a target size of 80% passing 0.075 mm (0.003 in). The portions were assayed using standard fire assaying methods for gold with FAAS finish and four-acid digestion with FAAS finish for silver.
A summary of the head screen analyses is presented in Table 10.12. The head screen analyses are presented graphically in Figure 10.2.
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Table 10.12 Summary of Head Screen Analyses
Figure 10.2 Head Screen Analyses Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Passing Crush Size (in inches)
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10.2.3.3 Comminution Test Work
Portions of the head material for the MET A and MET B composites (KCA Sample Nos. 91501 and 91502) were submitted to Hazen Research, Inc. in Golden, Colorado for comminution testing. Comminution tests aim to measure the action of reducing a material and is used in designing and sizing the grinding circuit and to study the variation within an ore body. Test work was completed to provide Bond impact work indices (CWi) and Bond abrasion indices (Ai) for the samples.
The results are summarized in Table 10.13.
Table 10.13 Summary of Comminution Test Work (KCA, 2021)
10.2.3.4 Characterization Test Work
Portions of the head material for each separate composite were submitted to FLSmidth, Inc. in Midvale, Utah for quantitative x-ray diffraction (QXRD) and quantitative swelling clay via Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) analyses. The purpose of the characterization test work was to utilize the QXRD and CEC results to quantify the bulk mineralogy of the samples.
The results of the mineralogical analyses are presented in Table 10.14.
Table 10.14 Summary of QXRD Analyses (KCA, 2021)
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10.2.3.5 Agglomeration Test Work
Ores with a high presence of fines and/or clayey particles result in poor heap permeability as the fines clog spaces between larger particles, creating pockets where leaching is inhibited or altogether prevented. The agglomeration of ore fines and clay, however, proves to greatly improve heap permeability when carried out properly by reducing these fines and transforming them into uniform pellets, which allow for uninhibited permeability. In the case of heap leaching, agglomeration relies on a binder (typically cement) and tumbling motion to cause coalescence, or the building of fines into larger particles.
Preliminary agglomeration test work was conducted on portions of the composite material (KCA Sample Nos. 91501 A/B, 91502 A/B, 91503 A and 91504 A). The purpose of the percolation tests was to examine the permeability of the material under various cement agglomeration levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 kg (0, 4.41, 8.82 and 17.64 lb) per metric tonne of Portland Type II cement). In the preliminary agglomeration testing, the agglomerated material was placed in a column (75 mm (3 in) inside diameter) with no compressive load and then tested for permeability.
This type of agglomeration test work is preliminary but does serve to provide an indication of whether or not agglomeration will be required for the processing of the material at the tested crushed sizes. These specific tests should be indicative of cement requirements for a single lift heap having an overall height of not more than 8 m (26 ft). If a multiple lift heap leach operation is being developed then additional agglomeration test work will be required and this test work should include examinations of the material under a static load (this test work is described as compacted permeability test work). For agglomeration test work conducted by KCA, the parameters that are typically examined are slump, maximum flow rate, agglomerate pellet break down (when material is agglomerated) and discharge solution color and clarity (or the “visual” turbidity of the solution).
The results of the agglomeration test work (including a pass/fail results) are shown in Table 10.15.
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Table 10.15 Summary of Agglomeration Test Work (KCA, 2021)
10.2.3.6 Percent Slump and Final Apparent Bulk Density
The height of material in each column was measured before and after leaching. This height was utilized to calculate the “slump” during leaching as well as to calculate the final apparent bulk density for the material in the column. The percent slump of a column gives an indication of potential permeability problems in production heaps. KCA typically classifies slumps larger than 10% as high.
The height, slump and final apparent bulk density from column leach tests are presented in Table 10.16.
Table 10.16 Percent Slump and Final Apparent Bulk Density (KCA, 2021)
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10.2.3.7 Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests
Coarse and pulverized bottle roll leach tests were completed on portions of the composite material (MET A through D; KCA Sample Nos. 91501 B, 91502 B, 91503 A and 91504 A). A portion of the head material for each individual composite sample was stage crushed to 100% passing 1.70 millimeters. Portions of the stage crushed material were utilized for coarse bottle roll leach test work. Additionally, portions of the stage crushed material were pulverized by ring and puck to a target size of 80% passing 0.075 millimeters and utilized for pulverized bottle roll leach test work. The bottle roll tests ran for a total of 72 hours and utilized a target sodium cyanide concentration of 1.0 g per liter. After completion, the tailings were rinsed and filtered. Portions of the tails were split out and assayed for gold and silver.
For the coarse crushed bottle roll leach tests, intermittent rolling was utilized to reduce particle attrition.
The procedure for the bottle roll leach test is outlined in the following:
1. | A 1,000 g portion of sample material was placed into a 3.5 liter plastic and slurried with 1,500 milliliters of Reno municipal tap water. |
2. | The slurry was mixed thoroughly and the pH was checked. The pH of the slurry was adjusted, as required, to 10.5 to 11.0 with hydrated lime. |
3. | Sodium cyanide was added to the slurry to a target amount of 1.0 g per liter sodium cyanide. The bottle was then placed onto a set of laboratory rolls. The coarse material was rolled intermittently (rolling for two (2) minutes every hour), while the pulverized material was rolled continuously throughout the test. |
4. | The slurry was checked at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48, hours for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NaCN, Au, Ag and Cu. |
5. | Additional hydrated lime and sodium cyanide were added after each sample period, as required, to adjust the slurry to the target levels. |
6. | After completion of the leach period, the slurry was filtered, washed, dried, and assayed for residual gold and silver content. |
The extraction results of the KCA 2021 bottle roll tests showed gold recoveries ranging from 38 to 94% with finer fractions (<0.075 mm) typically between 90 and 94%. Silver recoveries ranged from 33 to 64% with finer fractions (<0.075 mm) around 61%. The gold and silver extraction results of the bottle roll test are summarized in Table 10.16. Figure 10.3 shows overall gold extraction percentages and indicates higher gold recoveries for the fine fraction for Golden Mile sample composites.
Figures 10.4 and 10.5 show graphical results of gold and silver extraction during the leach period for the fine pulverized MET A Jd upper composite sample, showing typical recovery curves obtained for these cyanide bottle roll tests. Both fine pulverized Jd upper and lower composites tested showed rapid leach kinetics achieving plus 65% of the total gold recovery in 2 hours.
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Table 10.17 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Gold-and Silver Test Results (KCA 2021)
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Figure 10.3 Overall Gold Extraction for the Golden Mile Bottle Roll Tests (KCA, 2021)
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Figure 10.4 Bottle Roll Test Results Showing % Gold Extraction During Leach Period for KCA Test #91508A Performed on Fine Pulverized (P80 0.075 mm) Sample of MET A JD Upper Composite
Figure 10.5 Bottle Roll Test Results Showing % Silver Extraction During Leach Period for KCA Test #91508A Performed on Fine Pulverized (P80 0.075 mm) Sample of MET A JD Upper Composite
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10.2.3.8 Column Leach Test Work
Column leach test work was conducted on portions of the composite material (MET A through D; KCA Sample Nos. 91501 A/B, 91502 A/B, 91503 A and 91504 A). The crushed composite material split out for column test work was blended with lime and agglomerated with cement and then loaded into a 203 mm (8 in) or 152 mm (6 in) diameter plastic column (Fig. 10.6). Alkaline cyanide solution was continuously distributed onto the material through Tygon tubing. The flow rate of solution dripping onto the material was controlled with a peristaltic pump to 10 to 12 liters per hour per square meter of column surface area. The material was leached with a 1.0 g per liter sodium cyanide solution for 115 days.
The results of the column leach tests for gold and silver are summarized in Tables 10.17 and 10.18. Gold extractions from the column leach tests are presented graphically in Figure 10.7.
Figure 10.6 Column Leach Test Apparatus
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Table 10.18 Summary of Metal Extractions and Chemical Consumptions – Gold (KCA, 2021)
Table 10.19 Summary of Metal Extractions and Chemical Consumptions – Silver (KCA, 2021)
Figure 10.7 Cyanide Leach Test Work. Gold Extraction vs. Days of Leach (KCA, 2021)
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Column leach test work was conducted on portions of the 2021 composite core samples crushed to a target size of 80% passing 25 mm (0.98 in) and 80% passing 6.3 mm (0.25 in). Gold extractions for the coarse (<37.5 mm; 1.48 in) column leach tests were 80% based on calculated heads which ranged from 1.639 g/t (0.048 opst) to 1.806 g/t (0.052 opst) Au. The sodium cyanide consumptions ranged from 1.70 kg (3.75 lb) to 1.92 kg (4.23 lb) per metric tonne. The material utilized in leaching was blended with 1.27 kg (2.80 lb) to 1.52 kg (3.35 lb) per metric tonne hydrated lime.
Gold extractions for the fine (<9.5 mm; 0.37 in) column leach tests ranged from 51% to 86% based on calculated heads which ranged from 1.328 g/t (0.039 opst) to 4.506 g/t (0.132 opst) Au. The sodium cyanide consumptions ranged from 1.69 kg (27.98 lb) to 5.06 kg per metric tonne. The material utilized in leaching was blended with 1.49 (3.28 lb) to 2.78 kg (6.13 lb) per metric tonne hydrated lime and agglomerated with about 1 kg (2.20 lb) per metric tonne cement. Column test extraction results were based upon carbon assays vs. the calculated head (carbon assays + tail assays). Silver extractions were generally good, ranging from 53 to 92% but typically in the mid 70% to mid 80% range.
The column leach test results for both gold and silver exhibited rapid leach kinetics with 80 to 90 percent of total recovery occurring in the first 10 days of leaching.
10.3 | Opinion on Adecuacy |
The Qualified Persons have reviewed these results. The GRCN metallurgical testing, especially the column leach test work, supports the planned metal recovery as well as the planned cyanide consumption. The GRCN metallurgical testing and historical test work are deemed to be representative of the deposit and the Qualified Persons consider that these data are appropriate and adequate for estimation of mineral resources.
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11 | MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES |
11.1 | Introduction |
On October 31, 2018, the SEC announced that it was adopting amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (SEC, 2018a, 2018b). Under the final rules, a registrant with material mining operations must disclose specified information in Securities Act and Exchange Act filings concerning its Mineral Resources, in addition to its Mineral Reserves. A registrant is required to begin to comply with the new rules starting its first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021.
The modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of September 30, 2021.
The modeling and Mineral Resource estimation work reported herein was carried out by Fred H. Brown, P.Geo., a Qualified Person by reason of education, affiliation with a professional association and past relevant work experience. Mr. Brown is an independent consulting geologist specializing in Mineral Resource estimation, and is therefore, independent of GRCN. Mr. Brown was previously employed as a Senior Resource Geologist by GRCN from 2017 through June of 2021.
Modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources were carried out using the commercially available Maptek Vulcan software program, version 12.
Any statements and opinions expressed in this document are given in good faith and in the belief that such statements and opinions are not false and misleading as of the effective date of this report.
11.2 | Mineral Resource Definitions |
The SEC has adopted the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) framework for reporting Mineral Resources (Miskelly, 2003). According to CRIRSCO, a Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust (a deposit) in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. Portions of a deposit that do not have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction must not be included in a Mineral Resource.
Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no guarantee that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted into Mineral Reserve.
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11.2.1 Inferred Mineral Resources
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes which is limited or of uncertain quality and/or reliability. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated Mineral Resource. Confidence in the estimate of Inferred Mineral Resources is insufficient to allow the meaningful application of technical and economic parameters.
11.2.2 Indicated Mineral Resources
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings, and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological continuity and/or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource but has a higher level of confidence than that applying to an Inferred Mineral Resource.
11.2.3 Measured Mineral Resources
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings, and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and/or grade continuity.
11.3 Database
The modeling and estimation reported herein utilized the drill hole database compiled by GRCN. The database used Imperial units, expressed as feet, short tons, and ounces per short ton. Bulk densities have been converted to short tons per cubic feet. The coordinate reference system used is the Nevada State Plane NAD 83 (ESPG code 6523).
Industry standard validation checks were carried out on the supplied databases, and minor corrections made where necessary. The database was reviewed for inconsistencies in naming conventions or
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analytical units, duplicate entries, interval, length or distance values less than or equal to zero, blank or zero-value assay results, out-of-sequence intervals, intervals or distances greater than the reported drill hole length, inappropriate collar locations, and missing interval and coordinate fields.
Drill holes with assay samples occurring within mining claims hosting the Golden Mile deposit were imported into a Maptek Vulcan database. The resulting drill hole database used for Mineral Resource estimation contains 150 unique collar records (Table 11.1) and 10,962 assay records (Table 11.2), broken down by drilling type as:
● | RC: 131 reverse circulation drill holes for 14,597 m (47,889 ft) |
● | DDH: 19 diamond drill holes for 2,843 m (9,327 ft) |
A 3D view of all holes drilled in the Main Zone area of the Golden Mile property is shown on Figure 11.1.
Topographic surveying of GRCN 2020-2021 drill hole collars was undertaken by Kevin Haskew of Reno, Nevada, a registered professional surveyor. All plots were delivered as stamped referenced plats along with corresponding digital data files. Verification of field locations were also validated with registered air photographs and drone surveys.
Table 11.1 Golden Mile Drill Hole Database Summary
Description | DDH | RC | Total |
Number of Drill Holes | 19 | 131 | 150 |
Total Length Drilled | 2,843 m (9,327 ft) | 47,889 | 57,216 |
Average Hole Length | 149.7 m (491 ft) | 111.6 m (366 ft) | 116.1 m (381 ft) |
Drill Holes with Downhole Surveys | 13 | 42 | 55 |
Table 11.2 Golden Mile Assay Database Summary
Assay Summary | DDH | RC | Total |
Number of Assays | 1,861 | 9,101 | 10,962 |
Total Length Assayed | 2,829.5 m (9,283 ft) | 13,869.6 m (45,504 ft) | 16,699.1 m (54,787 ft) |
Average Assay Length | 1.52 m (4.99 ft) | 1.52 m (5.00 ft) | 1.52 m (5.00 ft) |
Average Grade Au | 0.38 g/t (0.011 opst) | 0.24 g/t (0.007 opst) | 0.27 g/t (0.008 opst) |
Average Grade Ag | 0.48 g/t (0.014 opst) | 0.38 g/t (0.011 opst) | 0.41 g/t (0.012 opst) |
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Figure 11.1 3D Isometric View Looking Northwest with the Golden Mile Drill Holes
Industry standard validation checks of the database were carried out with minor corrections made where necessary. The database was interrogated for inconsistencies in naming conventions or analytical units, duplicate entries, interval, length or distance values less than or equal to zero, blank or zero-value assay results, out-of-sequence intervals, intervals or distances greater than the reported drill hole length, inappropriate collar locations, and missing interval and coordinate fields. No significant discrepancies with the data were noted.
11.3.1 Drill Data
Drill hole distance units were supplied by GRCN in feet and grade units were supplied as ounce per short ton. The collar coordinates were provided in the Nevada State Plane NAD 83 coordinate system. All data were supplied electronically as csv format files.
The average minimum collar distance within the mine area is 17.4 m (57 ft). Summary assay statistics were tabulated for the assay data (Table 11.3).
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Table 11.3 Summary Assay Statistics
Assay Data | Length | Au opst | Ag opst |
Mean | 1.52 m (5.00 ft) | 0.274 g/t 0.008 (opst) | 0.41 g/t (0.012 opst) |
Median | 1.52 m (5.00 ft) | 0.034 g/t (0.001 opst) | 0.205 g/t (0.006 opst) |
Mode | 1.52 m (5.00 ft) | 0.000 g/t (0.000 opst) | 0.137 g/t (0.004 opst) |
Standard Deviation | 0.11 m (0.36 ft) | 2.40 g/t (0.07 opst) | 1.610 g/t (0.047 opst) |
Minimum | 0.3 m (1 ft) | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | 0.00993 g/t (0.00029 opst) |
Maximum | 8.63 m (28.3 ft) | 130.86 g/t (3.821 opst) | 75.31 g/t (2.199 opst) |
CoV | 0.07 | 8.46 | 3.93 |
Count | 10,962 | 10,962 | 7,070 |
11.4 | Bulk Density |
A total of 44 bulk density values were measured by laboratory pycnometry on DDH core drilled in 2020-2021. Values ranged from 2.54 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 12.61) to 3.12 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 10.27), with a median of 2.79 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 11.48) and an average value of 2.75 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 11.65). For this resource estimate, a bulk density of 2.79 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 11.48) was assigned to the model for all units.
Rock Quality Designation (RQD) data were collected by GRCN from DDH core holes drilled in 2020-2021 and suggests the presence of multiple zones of poor recovery, fractures and voids (Figure 11.2). An additional factor may be required to accommodate the presence of voids and fractured rocks.
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Figure 11.2 Plot of RQD vs. Elevation
11.5 | Mineralization Modeling |
11.5.1 Topography
A topographic model covering the Main Zone area of the Golden Mile property was created by GRCN staff using aerial photogrammetry collected on October 1, 2021. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) collected 658 high resolution aerial photographs over the Main Zone area at a nominal elevation of 119 m (390 ft) above ground level (AGL) (Fig. 11.3) and a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 3.3 cm (1.3 in) per pixel. Cloud based processing was used to generate a high resolution orthomosaic, 3D reconstruction, a dense point cloud, and a digital elevation model (DEM). The point cloud was converted to a 3D topographic surface for modeling.
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Figure 11.3 Aerial Photometry with Ground Control Points
On board the UAV global navigation satellite system (GNSS) an electronic compass, barometric sensor, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) were used to estimate photograph geolocation. Surveyed ground control points (GCP) were used for indirect georeferencing to WGS84. Table 11.4 lists the GCP geolocation errors.
Table 11.4 GCP Geolocation Errors
GCP | X Error (in) | Y Error (in) | Z Error (in) |
3 | 0.1575 | 0.0827 | -0.3504 |
16 | 0.3307 | 0.2047 | 0.0866 |
19 | -0.3268 | -0.2913 | 0.5000 |
40 | -0.1614 | 0.0039 | -0.2323 |
Total (RMSE) | 0.2584 | 0.1828 | 0.3295 |
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11.5.2 Mineralization Envelopes
Due to the complex nature of the observed grade distribution, a mineralization domain for the Main Zone was generated using the Leapfrogtm software Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolent, with a primary orientation trending northwest to southeast. The RBF interpolant generates a smoothed 3D volume based on all of the input data.
The Main Zone mineralization domain is constrained by a minimum Au assay grade of 0.34 g/t (0.010 opst) and where appropriate incorporates lower grade assays. The resulting mineralization system crosses the Dunlap and Luning Formations and extends slightly into the modeled intrusive units near the contact. Mineralization domains for the Magnetite Skarn (“MSK”) and the Northwest Skarn were also generated in Leapfrogtm based on lithological logging. (Fig, 11.4). The resulting mineralization domains were used to back-tag assay and composite intervals and provide reasonable volume constraints to the Mineral Resource.
Figure 11.4 3D Isometric View Looking Northwest of the Mineralization Domains.
11.6 | Compositing |
The average length of assay intervals within the defined mineralization domains is 1.52 m (5.00 ft), with a mode of 1.52 m (5.00 ft) and a median length of 1.52 m (5.00 ft) (Figure 11.5). Assays were therefore composited to 1.52 m (5.00 ft) within the defined domains. Where appropriate residual end-of-section composite lengths less than 0.76 m (2.50 ft) were merged with the adjacent interval. A small number of missing intervals were assigned a nominal value of 0.00034 g/t Au (0.00001 opst) during compositing.
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Figure 11.5 Plot of Constrained Assay Sample Lengths
11.7 | Exploratory Data Analysis |
Summary statistics were calculated for the composite sample populations (Table 11.5). The highest gold values occur in the center of the Main Zone. There is insufficient data available to characterize the silver sample populations outside of the Main Zone.
Table 11.5 Constrained Composite Statistics for Gold Values
Au | Main Zone | MSK | NW Skarn | Total |
Mean | 1.64 g/t (0.048 opst) | 1.40 g/t (0.041 opst) | 0.65 g/t (0.019 opst) | 1.58 g/t (0.046 opst) |
St Dev | 5.89 g/t (0.172 opst) | 1.58 g/t (0.046 opst) | 0.51 g/t (0.015 opst) | 5.58 g/t (0.163 opst) |
Median | 0.51 g/t (0.015 opst) | 0.82 g/t (0.024 opst) | 0.51 g/t (0.015 opst) | 0.51 g/t (0.015 opst) |
Minimum | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | 0.03 g/t (0.001 opst) | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) |
Maximum | 118.70 g/t (3.466 opst) | 6.82 g/t (0.199 opst) | 2.19 g/t (0.064 opst) | 118.70 g/t (3.466 opst) |
CoV | 3.575 | 1.109 | 0.798 | 3.506 |
Count | 1,166 | 92 | 57 | 1,315 |
Ag | Main Zone | MSK | NW Skarn | Total |
Mean | 0.55 g/t (0.016 opst) | 1.68 g/t (0.049 opst) | NA | 0.62 g/t (0.018 opst) |
St Dev | 1.23 g/t (0.036 opst) | 3.22 g/t (0.094 opst) | NA | 1.37 g/t (0.040 opst) |
Median | 0.21 g/t (0.006 opst) | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | NA | 0.21 g/t (0.006 opst) |
Minimum | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) | NA | 0.00034 g/t (0.00001 opst) |
Maximum | 15.58 g/t (0.455 opst) | 17.47 g/t (0.510 opst) | NA | 17.47 g/t (0.510 opst) |
CoV | 2.283 | 1.923 | NA | 2.257 |
Count | 1,166 | 92 | NA | 1,258 |
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The gold sample distributions for RC and DDH composites in the Main Zone were also examined for evidence of bias (Figure 11.6). The results suggest that RC drilling has in general slightly undervalued the higher-grade diamond drilling (DD) results.
Figure 11.6 RC vs. DDH Drilling Results
11.8 | Treatment of Extreme Values |
The potential influence of extreme values during estimation was evaluated by grade capping analysis on the tagged and composited grade intervals in order. The presence of high-grade outliers was identified by disintegration analysis of the upper tails and examination of histograms and log-probability plots (Fig. 11.7). Composite grades were reduced to the selected threshold prior to estimation. For the Golden Mile Main Zone, an additional range restriction of 18.3 m (60 ft) was placed on composites equal to the capping threshold.
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Figure 11.7 Log-Probability Plots of Composite Capping Thresholds
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Table 11.6 Capping Thresholds
| Au | Ag | ||||||
| Cap | Number | Capped | Percent | Cap | Number | Capped | Percent |
Main Zone | 17.12 g/t (0.500 opst) | 12 | 1.34 g/t (0.039 opst) | 37% | 13.70 g/t (0.400 opst) | 2 | 0.55 g/t (0.016 opst) | 5% |
MSK | NA | 0 | NA | NA | 13.70 g/t (0.400 opst) | 7 | 1.61 g/t (0.047 opst) | 51% |
NW Skarn | NA | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
11.9 | Continuity Analysis |
Continuity analysis was carried out for the Main Zone on normal-score transformed variograms using composited Au grade intervals (Figure 11.8). The Main Zone variography suggests a dip range of approximately 36.6 m (120 ft) and a strike range of approximately 34.1 m (112 ft). A distance of 27.4 m (90 ft), equal to 75% of the observed range, was selected as a basis for Mineral Resource classification.
Figure 11.8 Main Zone Variography
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11.10 | Block Model |
An orthogonal block model was established across the area with the block model limits selected to cover the extent of the Mineral Resources and accommodate a potential pit shell (Table 11.7). A parent block size of 4.9 m (16 ft) x 4.9 m (16 ft) x 6.1 m (20 ft) was selected as representative of the pit shell configuration and selective mining unit.
Table 11.7 Block Model Setup
Origin | Offset | Block Size | Sub-Cell | |
X | 2856700.0 | 3200 | 4.9 m (16 ft) | 0.3 m (1.0 ft) |
Y | 14491000.0 | 4000 | 4.9 m (16 ft) | 0.3 m (1.0 ft) |
Z | 6000.0 | 1300 | 6.1 m (20 ft) | 0.3 m (1.0 ft) |
The block model contains variables for Au and Ag grade estimation, bulk density, classification and drill hole spacing. A small amount of historical mining has taken place at Golden Mile. It is considered to be economically insignificant and was not depleted from the Mineral Resources.
11.11 | Estimation and Classification |
Inverse Distance Cubed (“ID3”) and Nearest Neighbor (“NN”) estimates were carried out using capped composites. A minimum of four and a maximum of nine composites were used for estimation, with a maximum of three composites from a single drill hole. The search ellipsoid oriented parallel with each defined mineralization domain and extending a maximum of 91.4 m (300 ft) The major and semi-major axes approximate the average strike and dip directions of the mineralization. Both gold and silver were modeled and estimated, but Ag is not included in the Mineral Resource due to limited information on this commodity.
In order to provide a whole block estimate suitable for open pit mine planning and future reserve reporting, the block model was regularized after estimation to a 4.9 m (16 ft) x 4.9 m (16 ft) x 6.1 m (20 ft) whole block estimate by volume percent and diluted at zero grade.
The relevant factors used in the classification process were:
● | Drill hole spacing density, |
● | Level of confidence in the geological interpretation, |
● | Observed continuity of mineralization, and |
● | Direct proximity to a drill hole. |
Parent blocks were classified algorithmically by drill hole spacing geometry as follows:
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● | A block was classified as an Indicated Mineral Resource if three or more drillholes used for estimation are within 27.4 m (90 ft). |
● | All other estimated blocks are classified as Inferred. |
The primary source of uncertainty for Indicated Mineral Resources is the modeling of grade continuity. The current mineralization envelopes are based on geological mapping, structural logging and variography, which may change moving forward with additional drilling. The influence of higher-grade assays on grade continuity has also been mitigated by applying a range restriction of 18.3 m (60 ft) to composite values of 17.12 g/t (0.500 opst) or higher. Additional uncertainty is associated with the observed RQD results, which suggest extensive fracture filling, and may bias the estimate in terms of volume and grade distribution.
The primary source of uncertainty for Inferred Mineral Resources is the extrapolation beyond the drilling. This has been mitigated by reducing the mineralization envelope beyond current drilling.
An example of a typical cross section showing the drill hole data and modeled mineral-domain envelopes in in the Main Zone of the Golden Mile property is shown in Figure 11.9.
Figure 11.9 Typical Cross-Section of Golden Mile Main Zone Looking NW Showing Gold Grades (opst)
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11.12 | Mineral Resource Estimate |
GRCN models and estimates Mineral Resources prior to establishing Mineral Reserves. Mineral Resources at Golden Mile are further defined by GRCN as Mineral Resources within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. The cutoff grades used are marginal cutoff grades based on 2020 actual costs for FGC’s nearby Isabella Pearl open pit, heap leach mine in Nevada, a mining operation similar in scope to that envisioned for Golden Mile. These cutoff grades are used to produce the optimized Lerchs-Grossman pit shell. The marginal cutoff grades are used to determine if an already mined-out ton is treated as ore or waste. In other words, a marginal cutoff assumes that the block in question must be mined and determines whether it should be processed or not. It should not be confused with breakeven cutoff grades, which include an allowance for the cost of stripping.
Economic parameters used for the cutoff calculation were supplied by GRCN and are derived from unit costs and recoveries from 2020 operational results at the Isabella-Pearl Mine (Table 11.8). The gold price of $1,700 selected by GRCN represents a slightly conservative outlook compared to the 24-month trailing average of $1,745 per ounce as of September 30, 2021.
Mineral Resources reported herein have been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman optimized pit shell and are reported at a cutoff grade of 0.34 g/t (0.010 opst). The results from the optimized pit shell are used solely for the purpose of reporting Mineral Resources and include both Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources (Figure 11.10).
Table 11.8 Parameters Used for Mineral Resources Cutoff Calculation
Description | Unit | Value |
Gold Price | $/oz | 1,700 |
Charges | % | 0.075 |
Royalty | % | 3.00 |
Selling Cost | $/oz | 37.60 |
Processing Cost + G&A | $/t | 11.04 |
Recovery | % | 81 |
Cutoff | g/t | 0.34 |
Cutoff | opst | 0.010 |
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Figure 11.10 3D Isometric View of the Optimized Pit Shell for Golden Mile Deposit
Indicated Mineral Resources reported at Golden Mile contain 2.16 million tonnes (2.38 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.13 g/t (0.033 opst). Inferred Mineral Resources reported are 2.40 million tonnes (2.64 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.10 g/t (0.032 opst) (Table 11.9).
Table 11.9 Mineral Resource Inventory at Golden Mile, Mineral County, Nevada, USA (as of September 30, 2021)1 2 3 4
Class | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Au (oz) |
Indicated | 2,160,000 | 2,380,000 | 1.13 | 0.033 | 78,500 |
Inferred | 2,400,000 | 2,640,000 | 1.10 | 0.032 | 84,500 |
5. | Reported at a cutoff of 0.34 g/t Au (0.010 opst). |
6. | Whole block diluted estimates are reported within an optimized pit shell. |
7. | Mineral Resources do not have demonstrated economic viability. |
8. | Totals may not sum exactly due to rounding. |
11.13 | Mineral Resource Estimate Sensitivity |
The sensitivity of the Mineral Resource inventory to changes in cutoff grade was also examined by summarizing tonnes and grade within the pit shell at varying cutoff grades (Table 11.10).
Table 11.10 Cutoff Grade Sensitivity for the Golden Mile Deposit
Class | Cutoff | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Au (oz) |
Indicated | 0.17 g/t (0.005 opst) | 2,630,000 | 2,900,000 | 0.99 | 0.029 | 84,100 |
0.34 g/t (0.010 opst) | 2,160,000 | 2,380,000 | 1.13 | 0.033 | 78,500 | |
0.68 g/t (0.020 opst) | 1,320,000 | 1,450,000 | 1.54 | 0.045 | 65,300 | |
1.03 g/t (0.030 opst) | 770,000 | 850,000 | 2.06 | 0.060 | 51,000 | |
1.37 g/t (0.040 opst) | 490,000 | 540,000 | 2.54 | 0.074 | 40,000 | |
1.71 g/t (0.050 opst) | 330,000 | 360,000 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 32,000 | |
Inferred | 0.17 g/t (0.005 opst) | 2,820,000 | 3,110,000 | 0.99 | 0.029 | 90,200 |
0.34 g/t (0.010 opst) | 2,400,000 | 2,640,000 | 1.10 | 0.032 | 84,500 | |
0.68 g/t (0.020 opst) | 1,540,000 | 1,700,000 | 1.44 | 0.042 | 71,400 | |
1.03 g/t (0.030 opst) | 910,000 | 1,000,000 | 1.85 | 0.054 | 54,000 |
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| 1.37 g/t (0.040 opst) | 630,000 | 690,000 | 2.16 | 0.063 | 43,500 |
1.71 g/t (0.050 opst) | 360,000 | 400,000 | 2.61 | 0.076 | 30,400 |
11.14 | Risk Factors |
Relevant factors which may affect the estimation of Mineral Resources include changes to the geological, geotechnical and geometallurgical models, infill drilling to convert material to a higher classification, drilling to test for extensions to known Mineral Resources, collection of additional bulk density data and significant changes to commodity prices. It should be noted that these and other factors pose potential risks and opportunities, of greater or lesser degree, to the estimate as the model is based on currently available data. Risks associated with key estimation parameters are tabulated in Table 11.11.
Table 11.11 Mineral Resource Estimation Risk Factors
Category | Description | Risk | Potential for Adverse Impact |
Database | Database Integrity | Database combines historical and recent drilling | Low |
Database | Database Integrity | Database errors | Low |
Drilling | Recovery | A wide range of RQD values were logged | Medium |
Drilling | Data Density | Sufficient drilling coverage at this stage | Low |
Drilling | Survey | Good collar coverage | Low |
Geology | Geological Interpretation | An up-to-date geology model is available | Low |
Model | Estimation | Industry standard estimation used | Low |
Model | Bulk Density | Sufficient samples are available to calculate a global bulk density | Low |
Model | Grade Continuity | Grade continuity is based on drilling coverage and may change due to the nature of the mineralization | Medium |
Model | Metal At Risk | A large proportion of the contained metal is derived from a small number of samples | High |
Model | Mineralization | Fracture style mineralization may overestimate metal content at SMU scale | High |
Model | Economics | Based on current operating costs | Low |
Model | Recoveries | Conservative compared to recent met studies | Low |
Sampling | Predominantly 5 ft. samples | Consistent across DD and RC sampling | Low |
Sampling | Quality of assay data | Industry standard use of QAQC | Low |
Sampling | Quality of assay data | Some issues with standards noted | Low |
11.15 | Opinion on Adequacy |
Mr. F Brown, the QP responsible for Section 11, considers that the GRCN 2020 2021 drilling program results meet industry standards for drilling and QA/QC measures. Mr. Brown also considers that the relevant historical drilling results have been reviewed in sufficient detail for inclusion in the generation of Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resource estimates. Mr. F Brown believes that all issues relating to relevent technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction can be resolved with further work.
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12 | MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES |
Mineral Reserve estimates for the Golden Mile property were not prepared according to the amendments adopted by the SEC to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, which are currently set forth in Item 102 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and in Industry Guide 7 (SEC, 2018 a, b).
The CRIRSCO framework of applying modifying factors to Mineral Resources reported herein for the Golden Mile property were not undertaken in order to convert them to Mineral Reserves.
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13MINING METHODS
No description of proposed mining methods for the Golden Mile property has been prepared for this TRS.
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14PROCESSING AND RECOVERY METHODS
No description of proposed mineral processing and recovery methods for the Golden Mile property has been prepared for this TRS.
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15INFRASTRUCTURE
No description of the required infrastructure for the Golden Mile property has been prepared for this TRS.
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16MARKET STUDIES
No description of market studies for the products of the Golden Mile property has been prepared for this TRS.
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17 | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING, AND PLANS, NEGOTIATIONS, OR AGREEMENTS WITH LOCAL INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS |
No description of the factors pertaining to environmental compliance, permitting, and local individuals or groups, which are related to the Golden Mile property, have been prepared for this TRS.
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18CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS
No estimates of capital and operating costs for the Golden Mile property have been prepared for this TRS.
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19ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
No description of the key assumptions, parameters, and methods used to demonstrate economic viability, nor material assumptions including discount rates, exchange rates, commodity prices, and taxes, royalties, and other governmental levies or interests applicable to the Golden Mile property have been prepared for this TRS.
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20ADJACENT PROPERTIES
A recent review of the BLM claim records by the QP’s has been completed. This review indicates that Registrant-properties and adjacent properties held by competitors which surround the Golden Mile property are under apparently valid mining claims. Relevant information concerning these properties are described in this TRS.
20.1Registrant Properties
GRCN controls additional claims adjoining the Golden Mile property including the Mina Gold property. GRCN also operates and controls several other properties within a 50 km (31 mi) radius. These properties include GRCN’s currently operating property, the Isabella Pearl mine, and the East Camp Douglas and County Line exploration properties (Fig. 20.1).
Figure 20.1 Map of the Properties in the Vicinity of the Golden Mile Property (GRCN properties highlighted in light blue; Other properties highlighted in dark blue)
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20.1.1Mina Gold
GRCN purchased the Mina Gold property from Nevada Select in August 2016. The property is located approximately 13 km (8 mi) northwest of the Golden Mile property and covers an area of approximately 657 hectares (1,624 acres) consisting of 74 unpatented lode mining claims and 5 patented claims. The Mina Gold property adjoins the Golden Mile property to the northwest. Gold mineralization at Mina Gold is hosted by epithermal quartz veins occurring along fault zones in volcanic host rock outcropping at the surface. Mina Gold has been tested by over 313 historic exploration drill holes which encompass more than 16,246 m (53,300 ft) of drilling. Historic drill intercepts encountered gold at shallow depths (<60 m; 196 ft) including 7.4 g/t (0.22 opst) gold over 12.2 m (40 ft), 11.8 g/t (0.34 opst) gold over 4.6 m (15 ft) and 5.0 g/t (0.15 opst) gold over 6.1 m (20 ft). Historic metallurgical reports completed by Legend Metallurgical Laboratory, Inc. Reno, NV, includes column leach tests at minus 15 cm (6 in) rock returned 80% gold recovery in 60 days. Minus 1.3 cm (0.5 in) rock returned 75% gold recovery in 2 days. The best gold recoveries will likely require particle agglomeration prior to heap leaching. FGC acquired 100% of the Mina Gold property from Nevada Select for $1,000,000, which included shares of restricted common stock valued at $850,000 and cash of $150,000 representing a one-time advanced royalty payment. Nevada Select retained a 3% NSR royalty on the patented claims and 2% NSR royalty on the unpatented claims. FGC retained the right to buy down 1% of the NSR royalty on the patented claims for $1,000,000 and 0.5% of the NSR royalty on the unpatented claims for $500,000.
20.2Adjacent Properties
The Golden Mile property is situated along strong structural controls and alignments within the Walker Lane mineral belt which hosts numerous significant epithermal gold and silver deposits. The closest (<90 km; 56 mi) and most significant adjacent properties held by other owner/operators include Santa Fe, Paradise Peak, Denton-Rawhide, Candelaria and Borealis (Fig. 20.1).
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21OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION
GRCN continues to evaluate the known mineralized zones among a much larger conceptual project plan of multiple open pits along a trend at Golden Mile to the northwest and onto the Mina Gold property. This includes evaluating the potential of at least three pits feeding ore to a strategically located heap leach and process facility. The conceptualized process plant is being evaluated to take the gold to the carbon stage and then haul the carbon for processing at GRCN’s absorption/desorption/recovery (ADR) facility at Isabella Pearl for final doré production.
There is no other additional information or explanation necessary to provide a complete and balanced presentation of the value of the property to the registrant. This TRS was prepared to be as understandable as possible and to not be misleading.
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22INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
Golden Mile is an advanced exploration property with a favorable economic projection based on Mineral Resources estimated and reported herein.
22.1 | Interpretation |
The Golden Mile property is underlain by Triassic, dominantly carbonate Luning Formation, and Jurassic, dominantly siliciclastic Dunlap Formation. The older Luning Formation is interpreted to be thrust on top of the younger Dunlap Formation, and both units are folded and faulted into steeply dipping to overturned beds. The Luning Formation in the property area is largely dolomitic and exposures south of the Road Fault are unmetamorphosed, dark gray, carbonaceous limestone and fossiliferous micrite. In contrast, the Dunlap Formation is mostly composed of siltstone and sandstone, which are locally calcareous. The Luning and Dunlap formations are intruded by several phases of granitoid rocks, mainly granodiorite and a quartz-feldspar porphyry (Golden Mile Stock), which is interpreted to be related to a skarn event (Ray, 2016). Meinert (2021) believes that on a district scale, the series of coarse-grained, equigranular quartz monzonite and granodiorite plutons are likely to be Late Cretaceous, whereas a smaller, porphyritic granodiorite and quartz monzonite porphyry stocks are likely Tertiary in age. In the northern part of the property, the older sedimentary and intrusive rocks are unconformably overlain by Tertiary volcanic rocks that post-date the skarn mineralization.
There are two main types of alteration in the Golden Mile district, hornfels and skarn (Meinert, 2021). Hornfels is the more extensive alteration type and consists of a biotite alteration of clastic rocks of the Dunlap Formation. As with most gold skarns, the biotite hornfels likely forms an aureole around the ore deposit. With increasing alteration intensity, the biotite hornfels is veined and overprinted by pyroxene, followed by vesuvianite, followed by garnet. This alteration sequence thus forms a bullseye relative to heat and fluid transfer from the source (Meinert, 2021).
On surface, the most impressive Au-Cu (Fe) exoskarn mineralization is seen at the Main Zone of Golden Mile. It is characterized by large pods and lenses of massive magnetite which are accompanied by gold, chalcopyrite, pyrite and variable amounts of Cu and Fe oxides as well as Cu-Fe-Mn wad (Ray, 2016). The surface mineralization is mainly hosted by garnet-bearing exoskarn that is often quartz-silica-rich with varying quantities of retrograde alteration, including epidote, chlorite, amphibole, and in the more dolomitic rocks phlogopite, serpentinite and brucite. Trace quantities of wollastonite and possible very fine-grained clino-pyroxene were also seen. One notable feature of the skarn is the local presence of abundant fine to coarse-grained phlogopite that in some parts is spatially associated with magnetite. Phlogopite is particularly common at the north end of the Main Zone.
All mineralization at Golden Mile occurs within the area that has hornfels formed dominantly from siliciclastic rocks and skarn alteration formed dominantly from carbonate rocks. From the observed
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mineralogy, most of the skarn protolith in the Golden Mile district was dolomitic, which results in magnesian skarn minerals (Meinert, 2021). Because of the dominance of magnesium rather than iron in the skarn minerals, the excess iron typically forms abundant magnetite, as is observed in the Main Zone pit. The magnetite is particularly important as a reactant for later, lower temperature Au-bearing fluids. Only limited calcic skarn has been observed on surface and in drill core.
Most of the high-grade gold mineralization, as confirmed by the oriented core study, appears to be associated with narrow (<2 cm), NW trending veins and fractures (Butner, 2021). The high-grade veins consist dominantly of quartz-calcite-chlorite-pyrite-iron oxide +/- envelopes of feldspar and clay. The identification of dominantly northwest-trending high-grade structures helps to explain lack of correlation in earlier northwest-directed drill holes. Where these veins encountered reactive alteration mineralogy such as magnetite or magnesium skarn, the gold mineralization is more disseminated, thus explaining the Main Zone magnetite-pit mineralization (Meinert, 2021).
22.2 | Conclusions |
Golden Mile is currently a moderate-sized, mineralized gold (silver-copper-iron) system with potential for developing gold resources and additional exploration targets. Historic surface and underground rock sampling, together with previous and current drilling, have defined significant, locally high-grade, gold values locally in association with magnetite skarn with minor silver-copper mineralization.
Three types of mineralization have been identified at Golden Mile and each could host economic gold deposits (Ray, 2016). These include: (a) bulk tonnage, open-pit mineable gold hosted within the endoskarn-altered quartz porphyry (Golden Mile Stock), (b) gold ± copper ± magnetite mineralization hosted by the garnet-quartz exoskarn envelope developed outboard from the Golden Mile Stock, and (c) massive sulfide-magnetite replacements or mantos formed distal (up to 1 km or more) from the Golden Mile Stock thermal aureole.
Lower grade disseminated mineralization occurs in intrusive, limestone, and locally in overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks. Intercepts of +30 m (100 ft) grading + 0.9 g/t Au (0.025 opst) to 81 m (265 ft) grading +0.5 g/t Au (0.015 opst) have been intersected in numerous drill holes. Alteration includes stockwork veining, argillic alteration and some silicification. A broad halo of low-grade (>0.1 g/t Au; 0.003 opst) disseminated gold mineralization envelopes the high-grade mineralization. The drill defined resource is open ended in nearly all directions.
Column leach test work yielded gold extractions of 80% for coarse composite material (<37.5 mm; 1.48 in) based on calculated heads ranging from 1.639 g/t (0.048 opst) to 1.806 g/t (0.053 opst) Au. Gold extractions for the fine composite material (9.5 mm; 0.37 in) column leach tests ranged from 51% to 86% based on calculated heads which ranged from 1.328 g/t (0.039 opst) to 4.506 g/t (0.132 opst) Au. Column leach test results exhibited rapid leach kinetics with 80 to 90 percent of total recovery occurring in the first 10 days of leaching.
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KCA (2021) estimates gold extraction for an ore body based upon the assumption that the ore to be mined will be similar to the samples tested. KCA normally discounts laboratory gold extractions by two to three percentage points when estimating field extractions. KCA normally discounts laboratory silver extractions by three to five percentage points when estimating field recoveries. This assumes a well-managed heap leach operation, and if agglomeration is required, it is assumed that this process is completed correctly. Based upon KCA’s experience with mostly clean non-reactive ores, cyanide consumption in production heaps would be only 25 to 33 percent of the laboratory column test consumptions. For ores containing high amounts of leachable copper, higher factors should be utilized.
Mineral Resources described herein have been delineated by appropriate drilling and/or sampling to establish continuity and supports an estimate of tonnage and an average grade of the selected metals. GRCN has evaluated and performed verification of the Golden Mile drill hole database and considers the assay data to be adequate for the estimation of the Mineral Resources. The resulting drill hole database contains 150 unique collar records and 10,962 assay records, broken down by drilling type as:
● | RC: 131 reverse circulation drill holes for 14,597 m (47,889 ft) |
● | DDH: 19 diamond drill holes for 2,843 m (9,327 ft) |
Mineral Resources at Golden Mile are further defined within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. Mineral resources reported herein has been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman optimized pit shell and are reported at a cutoff grade of 0.34 g/t Au (0.010 opst).
Indicated Mineral Resources reported at Golden Mile contain 2.16 million tonnes (2.38 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.13 g/t (0.033 opst). Inferred Mineral Resources reported are 2.40 million tonnes (2.64 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 1.10 g/t (0.032 opst). The modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of September 30, 2021.
Several factors may affect the estimation of Mineral Resources including changes to the geological, geotechnical and geometallurgical models. In particular, the resource model showed a large proportion of the contained metal is derived from a small number of samples and fracture style mineralization may overestimate metal content at the mining (SMU) scale. Infill drilling to convert material to a higher classification is recommended to mitigate these risks.
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23 | RECOMMENDATIONS |
The QP’s preparing this report for GRCN recommend that the Golden Mile property proceed with a prefeasibility study to move the property forward to a development decision. The conceptualized plan being evaluated is open pit mining and heap leaching of the gold deposit, taking the gold to the carbon stage at Golden Mile, and then hauling the carbon for processing at the parent company’s ADR facility at its nearby Isabella Pearl mine for final doré production.
Metallurgical testing was recently completed by a third-party process metallurgical services company specializing in column heap leaching and test results are currently being reviewed. Engineering, base line and background studies are on-going which include process facility layout, open-pit design and infrastructure evaluations. Some additional studies are also recommended that may improve value and optimizations including additional drilling to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves, and additional geotechnical studies to possibly steepen pit slopes. Mineralization at Golden Mile remains open along strike and at depth.
23.1 | Proposed Exploration Program |
For future exploration, particularly in the vicinity of the Main Zone deposit north of the Road Fault, it will be important to better understand the structure of the northwest-trending gold-bearing quartz-pyrite-chlorite veins and the stratigraphy and resulting alteration mineralogy of the Dunlap and Luning Formations. Investigations would include additional surface mapping to define location and geometry of carbonate host rocks and preparation of stratigraphic cross-sections to help define the subsurface extent of the carbonate host rocks, particularly near the granodiorite-quartz feldspar porphyry intrusions.
The intersection of structure, stratigraphy, and alteration appears to control the Au distribution at Golden Mile. A study of the alteration patterns is likely to show zones that were not tested by previous drilling. Structure-controlled mineralization is also open at depth and 3D review of structure and alteration would likely help to define drill areas of deeper carbonatehosted gold mineralized targets. Mineralization appears to extend north and northwest under post-mineral volcanic cover and additional drilling is also warranted in this direction.
Metal ratio modeling of the Golden Mile gold mineralized system is recommended. The distribution of metals in ore deposits is commonly zoned due to gradients in temperature or fluid composition but the absolute concentration of particular elements can also vary in response to other factors such as structure, stratigraphy, or host rock composition (Meinert, 2021).
No coherent historic soil sampling has been done on the property. Thus, soil sampling at 100-meter orthogonal spacing’s should be completed over the area south of the Tertiary volcanic cover. Some
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reconnaissance soil sampling lines should also be run over the volcanic rocks further north in case there are post-volcanic fracture zones that may reveal the presence of mineralization at depth.
Geophysical techniques, especially magnetic surveys, have been useful in tracing the granodiorite and quartz feldspar porphyry intrusions beneath volcanic cover. A series of various geophysical surveys were completed by several of the previous owners over many years, however none of this data has been coherently integrated or reviewed in context of modern drilling and geologic setting understanding. An effort to complete this is warranted.
Additional future work shall also include 1) documenting the stratigraphy of the Dunlap and Luning Formations, particularly the distribution of magnesian and calcic carbonate units in the Luning Formation, 2) identifying the magnesian skarn mineralogy, especially important is to work out skarn zonation and evaluating vectors to mineralization, 3) and dating some of the igneous rocks, to obtain U-Pb zircon ages on the main igneous phases, especially the granodiorite–quartz porphyry phases that appear to be most closely related to alteration and mineralization, and Ar-Ar ages of amphibole and mica in both igneous and skarn rocks
The proposed exploration program for the Golden Mile property is shown in Table 23.1. The estimated cost of the recommended exploration program is $2.5 M. The proposed budget includes for 12,192 m (40,000 ft) of RC drilling for Mineral Resource expansion and exploration outside of the Main Zone deposit area.
Table 23.1 Budget for Proposed Exploration at Golden Mile Property
Description | Total Cost ($) |
Salaries and Wages | 120,000 |
Vacation Days | 3,000 |
Health Insurance | 3,000 |
401K Expense | 3,600 |
Payroll Taxes Employer | 12,000 |
Workers Compensation Insurance | 6,000 |
Contractors Drilling (RC) – 12,192 m (40,000 ft) | 1,100,000 |
Contractors Maintenance | 60,000 |
Contractors Services | 200,000 |
Material Used by Contractors | 200,000 |
Topographical Studies | 12,000 |
Environmental Studies | 60,000 |
Laboratory Assays | 500,000 |
Maintenance Vehicles | 600 |
Software & Licenses (non-cap) | 3,000 |
Consulting Services | 60,000 |
Airfare | 1,200 |
Lodging | 12,000 |
Meals | 6,000 |
Other Travel Expenses | 6,000 |
Gasoline | 3,000 |
Field Supplies and Materials | 36,000 |
Allocation of Labor Costs | 90,000 |
Golden Mile Property Exploration Total | 2,497,400 |
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23.2 | Proposed Technical Studies |
Proposed technical studies shall include, but are not limited to, a study of geotechnical requirements for final pit slope angles to ensure that the most optimal pit slopes are utilized and that proper setbacks are applied to the dump toes near the final pit crest, and a blasting fragmentation study, open pit and waste dump designs. Further metallurgical test work is recommended on Golden Mile mineralization to confirm viability of Heap Leach, Carbon Adsorption/Desorption and Electrowinning gold recovery of oxide and sulfide Mineral Resources in the Golden Mile Main Zone deposit. This shall also include large column test work on near-surface Run-of-Mine (ROM) material. A geometallurgical model to further characterize the Mineral Resources in the Golden Mine deposit and Waste Rock Characterization studies are also recommended. A hydrologic and mine water source review is on-going and water well drilling, including monitoring wells, is included in the proposed budget.
A more detailed geotechnical study will also serve to further de-risk the Golden Mile property and could also lead to improvements. Once core drilling and the geotechnical study have been completed, the open pit and dump designs should be reviewed and modified, if necessary, to reflect the new geotechnical information.
Waste Rock Characterization studies will investigate the potential for development of Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching (ARDML) due to oxidation of sulfide minerals that are unstable under atmospheric conditions. Upon exposure to oxygen and water, sulfide minerals will oxidize, releasing metals, acidity and sulfate.
It is also recommended that ore control methodologies be reviewed to determine if fire assaying for blast holes is more suitable than using cyanide-leach assays. Cyanide leach assays returned for resource drill holes at Golden Mile have shown to be highly variable and are likely unreliable for grade control purposes.
Recommendations for continued engineering, geotechnical, metallurgical, base line and background studies at Golden Mile are shown in Table 23.2. The estimated cost of the recommendations total $1.0 M.
Table 23.2 Budget for Proposed Technical Studies at Golden Mile Property
Description | Total Cost ($) |
Core Drilling & Geotechnical Study | 300,000 |
Blasting Fragmentation Study | 50,000 |
Metallurgical Test Work | 60,000 |
Geometallurgical Study | 40,000 |
Waste Rock Characterization | 30,000 |
Hydrogeologic Study | 20,000 |
Water Well Drilling | 400,000 |
Monitor Well Drilling | 100,000 |
Total | 1,000,000 |
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24 | REFERENCES |
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Anderson, E., Berger, B.R., and Miggins, D., 2012, Timing, magnitude and style of Miocene deformation, west-central Walker Lane belt, Nevada, Lithosphere; v. 4; p. 187-208; Geological Society of America data repository item # 2012085.
Burtner, G., 2021, Golden Mile Downhole Structural Review, unpublished report for Fortitude Gold Corporation, 31 p.
Carlson, C. W., Pluhar, C. J., Glen, J. M. G., and Farner, M. J., 2013, Kinematics of the west-central Walker Lane: Spatially and temporally variable rotations evident in the Late Miocene Stanislaus Group, Geosphere; online 13, December 2013, 10.1130/GES00955.1; Geological Society of America, p. 22.
Colgan, J. P. Dumitru, T. A., McWilliams, M., and Miller, E. L., 2006, Timing of Cenozoic volcanism and Basin and Range extension in northwestern Nevada: New constraints from the northern Pine Forest Range, Geological Society of America Bulletin, January/February 2006; v. 118, no. ½; repository item 2006013, p. 126-139.
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Dix, R.B., 1982, Cyanide bottle roll tests on Grayhill Exploration bulk samples. Unpublished report of tests by Kappes Cassidy & Associates for Grayhill Exploration Company.
Doebrich, J.L. and Theodore, T. G. (1996}: Geologic history of the Battle Mountain mining district, Nevada, and regional controls on the distribution of mineral systems; in Geology and Ore Deposits of the American Cordillera (A.R. Coyner & P.L. Fahey, eds.) Geol. Soc. Nevada, Reno/Sparks 1, 453-483.
Dunne, K., 2017, Petrography Report, 15 Rock Grab Samples and 6 Drill Core Samples, Golden Mile Property, Bell Mining District, Mineral County, Nevada. Unpublished report for Kinross Gold USA Inc. 161 p.
Einaudi, M.T., Meinert, L.D., Newberry, R.J., 1981, Skarn deposits. In Seventy-fifth Anniversary Volume, 1906-1980, ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, (B.J. Skinner, ed.). Economic Geology Publishing Co. p. 317-391.
Ferguson, H. G, and Muller, S. W., 1949, Structural geology of the Hawthorne and Tonopah Quadrangles (a Study of pre-Tertiary rocks and Jurassic diastrophism), Nevada, Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 216, p. 64.
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Ferranti, L., Oldow, J. S., Geissman, J. W., and Nell, M. M., 2009, Flattening strain during coordinated slip on a curved fault array, Rhodes Salt Marsh extensional basin, central Walker Lane, west-central Nevada, Geological Society of America Special Paper 447, p. 189-213.
Gatchell, B., 1989, Summary Report Golden Mile project. Unpublished report for Battle Mountain Exploration Company.
Hickey, Robert J.,1992, The Buckhorn Mountain (Crown Jewel) gold skarn deposit, Okanogan County, Washington; Economic Geology; v. 87; no. 1; p. 125-141.
Hudson, D., 1998, Geology of the Golden Mile Project, Mineral County, Nevada. Unpublished report for Teck Resources Inc.
Hudson, D., 1999, Petrography of Drill Cuttings from Holes GMT-2 and GMT-3, Golden Mile Project, Mineral County, Nevada. Unpublished report for Teck Resources Inc.
Jaramillo, S.M., 1975, “J” Claims, Mina, Inter-office correspondence between Standard Slag Company and Colorado Energy.
Kappes, Cassiday & Associates, 1982, Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests on Grayhill Exploration Bulk Samples, Internal Company Report for Grayhill Exploration Company, 3p.
Kappes, Cassiday & Associates, 2021, Golden Mile Project Report of Metallurgical Test Work September 2021, Internal Company Report for Fortitude Gold Corp., 168p.
Kern, R.R., 1998, Technical Report, CMA Property, Mineral County, Nevada. Unpublished report for Prism Resources.
Kinross, 2019, Cedar Mountain Complex, Mineral County, Nevada, Unpublished Internal Report by Kinross Gold USA Inc., 9 p.
Kuzma, G., 1999, 1999 Summary Report Golden Mile Project. Unpublished Report for Teck Resources Inc.
Meinert, L., 2021, Observations on the Golden Mile Project. Unpublished Report for Fortitude Gold Corporation, 53 p.
Miskelly, N., 2003, Progress on International Standards for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Reserves by Norman Miskelly, Chairman, Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) dated September 20, 2003; 22p.
O'Donnell, M., 2006, Report on the Golden Mile Property, Mineral County, Nevada Technical Report prepared for Columbus Gold Corporation (formerly Purple Vein Resources Ltd., 109p.
Pegg, C.W., 1988, Golden Mile Gold Property, Bell Mining District, Mineral County, Nevada; Elmwood Resources, Inc Internal Report, Toronto, Ontario, April 3, 1988.
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Pullman, S.A, 1983, The Petrography and Petrology of a Portion of the Northern Cedar Mountains, Mineral County, Nevada, unpublished Master of Science Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 139 p.
Ray, G.E., 2016, The Geology & Recommendations for Exploration at the Golden Mile Au-Cu (Fe) Skarn Property, Nevada. Confidential Report Prepared for Kinross Exploration.
Ristorcelli, S., 2006, Summary review of Golden Mile Project, Mineral County, Nevada. Unpublished Report by Mine Development Associates to Andy Wallace, Cordex Exploration Co., 7p.
Roscan, 2011, Golden Mile Project Summary Drill Report, August 2011, unpublished private company report, 11 p
Ross, D.C., 1961, Geology and Mineral Deposits of Mineral County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Report No. 27.
SEC, 1992, Industry Guide 7: Description of property by issuers engaged or to be engaged in significant mining operations. Release No. FR-39, July 30, 1992, effective August 13, 1992, 57 Federal Register 36442.
SEC, 2018a, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 17 CFR Parts 229, 230, 239, and 249, RIN 3235-AL81, Modernization of Property Disclosures for Mining Registrants, Final Rule; 453 pgs.
SEC, 2018b, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Adopts Rules to Modernize Property Disclosures Required for Mining Registrants, Press Release (Release Nos. 33-10570; 34-84509; File No. S7-10-16) Dated October 31, 2018; 3 pgs.
Suda, R.U. (2009): Technical report on the Golden Mile Project. For Portage Minerals Inc., November 16th 2009, 47 pages.
Tingley, S. L., 1999, Generalized geologic map of Nevada, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 57, Million-Scale, Education Series 30, small print map E30.
Vanderburg, W.O., 1937, Reconnaissance of Mining Districts in Mineral County. US Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6941, p. 17 - 22.
Wikipedia website, viewed 01 August 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org
Wright, J.L., 2017, Golden Mile Property Geophysical Compilation VTEM Survey. Unpublished Report for Kinross Exploration.
Wright, J.L., 2018, Golden Mile Property Gravity & Induced Polarization Surveys GIS Database. Unpublished Report for Kinross Exploration.
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25 | RELIANCE ON INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE REGISTRANT |
Preparation of this TRS has relied on information provided by the registrant for matters discussed herein. This TRS was prepared to be as understandable as possible and to not be misleading.
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APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY
A.1 | Definition of Terms |
The following terms used in this report shall have the following meanings:
Adit: | Horizontal drive into a hill that is usually driven for the purpose of intersecting or mining an ore body. An adit may also be driven into a hill to intersect or connect a shaft for the purpose of dewatering. Adits were commonly driven on a slight incline to enable loaded mine trucks to have the advantage of a downhill run out, while the empty (lighter) truck was pushed uphill back into the hill. The incline also allows water to drain out of the adit. An adit only becomes a tunnel if it comes out again on the hill somewhere, like a train tunnel. |
Andesite: | An extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture characteristic of subduction zones (eg. western margin of South America). |
Doré: | Unrefined gold and silver bars usually containing more than 90% precious metal. |
Epithermal: | Used to describe gold deposits found on or just below the surface close to vents or volcanoes, formed at low temperature and pressure. |
Gram: | A metric unit of weight and mass, equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram. One gram equals .035 ounces. One ounce equals 31.1035 grams. |
Hectare: | Another metric unit of measurement, for surface area. One hectare equals 1/200th of a square kilometer, 10,000 square meters, or 2.47 acres. A hectare is approximately the size of a soccer field. |
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Hornfels: | Fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone/shale, or other clay-rich rock, and a hot igneous body at a shallow depth. Typically show little sign of the action of directed pressure and crystals display little orientation. |
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Kilometer: | Another metric unit of measurement, for distance. The prefix “kilo” means 1000, so one kilometer equals 1,000 meters, one kilometer equals 3,280.84 feet, which equals 1,093.6 yards, which equals 0.6214 miles. |
Mineral Resources: | Mineral Resources are a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust (a deposit) in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. Portions of a deposit that do not have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction must not be included in a Mineral Resource. |
Net Smelter Return Royalty: | A share of the net revenue generated from the sale of metal produced by the mine. Usage-based payments made by one party (the “licensee”) to another (the “licensor”) for the right to ongoing use of an asset, sometimes called an intellectual property. Typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold. |
Ore or Ore Deposit: | Rocks that contain economic amounts of minerals in them and that are expected to be profitably mined. |
Silicified: | Is combined or impregnated with silicon or silica. |
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Skarn | Lime-bearing siliceous rock produced by the metamorphic alteration of limestone or dolomite. |
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Tonne: | A metric ton. One tonne equals 1000 kg. It is approximately equal to 2,204.62 pounds. |
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VulcanTM: | Maptek-Vulcan 3D geology and mining modeling software program |
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Conversion Table | |
Metric System | Imperial System |
1 meter (m) | 3.2808 feet (ft) |
1 kilometer (km) | 0.6214 mile (mi) |
1 square kilometer (km2) | 0.3861 square mile (mi2) |
1 square kilometer (km2) | 100 hectares (has) |
1 hectare (ha) | 2.471 acres (ac) |
1 gram (g) | 0.0322 troy ounce (oz) |
1 kilogram (kg) | 2.2046 pounds (lbs) |
1 tonne (t) | 1.1023 short tons (T) |
1 gram/tonne (g/t) | 0.0292 ounce/ton (oz/t) |
Unless stated otherwise, all measurements reported here are metric and currencies are expressed in constant U.S. dollars.
A.2 | Abbreviations |
Other common abbreviations encountered in the text of this report are listed below:
˚C | degree Centigrade |
AA | atomic absorption |
AAL | American Assay Laboratories, Inc. |
AAS | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy |
ADR | Absorption/Desorption/Recovery |
Ag | Silver |
ALS | ALS Chemex and/or ALS USA Inc. |
Au | Gold |
BLM | Bureau of Land Management |
Bureau Veritas | Bureau Veritas Mineral Laboratories |
Chemex | ALS Chemex and./or ALS USA Inc. |
cm | centimeter |
core | diamond core-drilling method |
Cu | copper |
DDH | Diamond Drill (Core)Hole |
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EA | Environmental Assessment |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
FA | Fire Assay |
FAAS | Fire assay with an atomic absorption finish |
FGC | Fortitude Gold Corporation |
ft or (‘) | feet = 0.3048 metre |
gms Au/MT | grams of gold/metric tonne |
g/t | gram/metric tonne |
g/t Au | grams of gold per metric tonne |
g | gram(s) = 0.001 kg |
GIS | Geographic Information System |
gpm | gallons per minute |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
GRCN | GRC Nevada Inc. |
ha | hectare(s) |
Hazen | Hazen Research Inc. |
in or (“) | inch, 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm |
K-Ar | Potassium-Argon (referring to age date technique) |
KCA | Kappes, Cassiday & Associates |
kg | kilogram, or kg/t (kilogram per tonne) |
km | kilometer |
lb | pound |
l | liter |
LOM | Life-of-Mine |
m | meter |
M | Million U.S. Dollars |
Ma | million years age |
masl | meters above sea level |
MDA | Mine Development Associates |
mean | arithmetic average of group of samples |
μm | microns |
mi | mile |
mm | millimeter |
MSHA | Mine Safety and Health Administration |
NDWR | Nevada Division of Water Resources |
NEPA | National Environmental Policy Act |
NI 43-101 | Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 43-101 |
NSR | Net Smelter Return |
Opst | Ounces per short ton |
Ounce | Troy ounce, or 31.1035 g |
oz. | ounce |
P80 3/4” | 80% passing a ¾” screen |
P100 3/8” | 100% passing a 3/8” screen |
Pb | lead |
POO | Plan of Operations |
ppb | parts per billion |
ppm | parts per million = g/t |
RC | reverse-circulation drilling method |
ROM | Run-of-Mine |
RQD | Rock Quality Designation |
QA/QC | Quality Assurance/Quality Control |
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QP | Qualified Person |
SEC | Securities Exchange Commission |
SRM | Standard Reference Material |
t, tonne | metric tonne = 1.1023 short tons |
T, Ton | Imperial or short ton |
Tpd, or tpd | tonnes per day |
USDA | US Department of Agriculture |
USFWS | US Fish & Wildlife Service |
USGS | US Geological Survey |
$US Dollars | |
wt | weight |
Zn | zinc |
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APPENDIX B: CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFIED PERSONS
FRED H. BROWN, P.GEO.
I, Fred H. Brown, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1987.
2. This certificate applies to the TRS titled “Initial Assessment Technical Report Summary for the Golden Mile Property, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “TRS”), with an effective date of September 30, 2021.
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from New Mexico State University in 1987. I obtained a Graduate Diploma in Engineering (Mining) in 1997 from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Science in Engineering (Civil) from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2005. I am registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Geoscientist (#171602) and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration as a Registered Member (#4152172).
4. I am currently self-employed as a Consulting Geologist specializing in Mineral Resource estimates.
5. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the TRS is:
Underground Mine Geologist, Freegold Mine, AAC | 1987-1995 |
Mineral Resource Manager, Vaal Reefs Mine, Anglogold | 1995-1997 |
Resident Geologist, Venetia Mine, De Beers | 1997-2000 |
Chief Geologist, De Beers Consolidated Mines | 2000-2004 |
Consulting Geologist | 2004-2017 |
Senior Resource Geologist, GRCN | 2017-2021 |
Consulting Geologist | Present |
6. I am a co-author of this TRS and specifically responsible for Section 11 and contributed to parts of Sections 8 and 9.
Effective Date: September 30, 2021
{SIGNED}
[Fred H. Brown]
_______________________________
Fred H. Brown, P.Geo
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BARRY D. DEVLIN, P.GEO.
I, Barry D. Devlin, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1981.
2. This certificate applies to the TRS titled “Initial Assessment Technical Report Summary for the Golden Mile Property, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “TRS”), with an effective date of September 30, 2021. .
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Geology in 1981 and a Masters in Geology, 1987, from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada. I am registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Geoscientist (#109658).
4. I am currently employed as Vice President, Exploration with Gold Resource Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
5. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the TRS is:
Project Geologist, U.S. Borax & Chemical Corp | 1981-1984 |
Project Geologist, Derry, Michener, Booth & Wahl/Dolly Varden Minerals | 1985-1986 |
Chief Mine Geologist, Total Erickson Resources Ltd | 1987 |
Senior Project Geologist, Welcome North Mines Ltd | 1988-1989 |
Chief Mine Geologist/District Geologist/Exploration Manager, Hecla Mining Company | 1990-April 2007 |
Vice President, Exploration, Endeavour Silver Corp | May 2007-December 2012 |
Vice President, Exploration, Gold Resource Corp | January 2013-February 2021 |
Vice President, Exploration, Fortitude Gold Corp | March 2021-Present |
6. I am a co-author of this TRS and specifically responsible for Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 21, 24, 25 and contributed to parts of Sections 6, 7, 20, 22 and 23.
Effective Date: September 30, 2021
{SIGNED}
[Barry D. Devlin]
_______________________________
Barry D. Devlin, P.Geo
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JOY L. LESTER, SME-RM
I, Joy L. Lester, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1996.
2. This certificate applies to the TRS titled “Initial Assessment Technical Report Summary for the Golden Mile Property, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “TRS”), with an effective date of September 30, 2021.
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 1996. I obtained a Master of Science degree in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 2004.
4. I am registered with the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration; Registered Member #4119722RM.
5. I am currently employed as Chief Geologist with Fortitude Gold Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
6. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization, and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the TRS is:
Exploration Geologist, Gold Reserve Inc. Km 88, Venezuela, Exploration site | 1996-1999 |
Exploration Geologist, Hecla Venezuela, La Camorra Mine | 2002-2004 |
Exploration Geologist, Patagonia Gold S.A, Lomada Leiva and Cap Oeste Mines | 2004-2008 |
Senior Exploration Geologist/Project Manager Landore Resources Ltd., Ontario, Canada | 2008-2012 |
Consultant Geologist, Exploration, Gold Resource Corp. El Aguila Mine, Oaxaca Mex | 2013-2014 |
Chief Geologist, Gold Resource Corp., Nevada and El Aguila Mine Oaxaca Mexico | 2014-2020 |
Chief Geologist, Fortitude Gold Corp., Nevada | 2021-Present |
6. I am a co-author of this TRS and specifically responsible for Sections 6, 7 and contributed to parts of Sections 20, 22 and 23.
Effective Date: September 30, 2021
{SIGNED}
[Joy L. Lester]
_______________________________ Joy Lester, P.Geo
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