Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

These consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates include the allowance for credit losses, goodwill, income taxes, postretirement benefits, and the fair value of investment securities. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the entire fiscal year or any other period. Certain reclassifications have been made in the consolidated financial statements to conform with current year classifications.

Revenue Recognition

Management determined that the primary sources of revenue emanating from interest and dividend income on loans and investments, along with noninterest revenue resulting from investment security and loan gains (losses) and earnings on bank owned life insurances, are not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. The main types of noninterest income within the scope of ASC 606 include service charges on deposit accounts. The Company has contracts with its deposit customers where fees are charged if certain parameters are not met. These agreements can be cancelled at any time by either the Company or the deposit customer. Revenue from these transactions is recognized on a monthly basis as the Company has an unconditional right to the fee consideration. The Company also has transaction fees related to specific transactions or activities resulting from a customer request or activity that include overdraft fees, online banking fees, interchange fees, ATM fees and other transaction fees. These fees are attributable to specific performance obligations of the Company where the revenue is recognized at a defined point in time upon the completion of the requested service/transaction.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted and Not Yet Adopted

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. This update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The underlying premise of the update is that financial assets measured at amortized cost should be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses should reflect management's current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of a financial asset. The income statement will be affected for the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. With certain exceptions, transition to the new requirements will be through a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. This update is effective for SEC filers that are eligible to be smaller reporting companies, non-SEC filers, and all other companies, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance using the modified retrospective approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, held to maturity debt securities and unfunded commitments, as well as available for sale securities. On July 1, 2023, the Company recorded a cumulative effect decrease to retained earnings of $187 thousand, net of tax, related to loans and $39 thousand, net of tax, related to unfunded commitments. The Company determined that there was no impact to retained earnings related to available for sale or held to maturity debt securities as a result of adopting this guidance. The results reported for periods beginning on or after July 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable accounting standards.

The impact of the change from the incurred loss model to the current expected credit loss model is included in the table below.


	July 1, 2023
			Adoption
(Dollars in thousands)	Pre-adoption		Impact		As Reported
Assets
ACL on debt securities available for sale	$	—	$	—	$	—
ACL on debt securities held to maturity		—		—		—
ACL on loans
Residential real estate:
1 - 4 family		486		(67)		419
Home equity and HELOCs		113		19		132
Construction -residential		214		(174)		40
Commercial real estate:
1 - 4 family investor		569		(241)		328
Multi-family (five or more)		89		(30)		59
Commercial non-residential		1,420		379		1,799
Construction and land		281		(93)		188
Commercial		82		254		336
Consumer loans		59		196		255

Liabilities
ACL on unfunded commitments		101		50		151
	$	3,414	$	293	$	3,707

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU were issued to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in the update address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. These updates are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this ASU were issued in response to the SEC’s August 2018 final rule that updated and simplified disclosure requirements that the SEC believed were “redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated, or superseded.” The new guidance is intended to align U.S. GAAP requirements with those of the SEC and to facilitate the application of U.S. GAAP for all entities. Some of the amendments introduced by the ASU are technical corrections or clarifications of the FASB’s current disclosure or presentation requirements. These updates are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, March 2020, to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by what the guidance calls “reference rate reform” if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Also, entities can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met, and can make a one-time election to sell and/or reclassify held-to-maturity debt securities that reference an interest rate affected by reference rate reform. The sunset provision included in Topic 848 was based on the expectations of when LIBOR would cease being published. In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority announced that the intended cessation date of LIBOR would be June 30, 2023, which is beyond the established sunset date of Topic 848. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The amendments in this ASU provide temporary relief by deferring the sunset date provision included in Topic 848. The amendments in ASU 2022-06 defer the effective date for all entities upon issuance through December 31, 2024. These updates are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Bank is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Bank. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the Company’s Statement of Financial Condition and is adjusted through credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities

Allowance for Credit Losses on Available for Sale Securities

The Company measures expected credit losses on available for sale debt securities when the Bank intends to sell, or when it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the amortized cost basis of the security is written down to fair value through income. For available for sale debt securities that do not meet the previously mentioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this evaluation indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, equal to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The ACL on available for sale debt securities is included within securities available for sale on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded within provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Losses are charged against the allowance when the Company believes the collectability of an available for sale security is in jeopardy or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale debt securities totaled $688 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Generally, available for sale debt securities are classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When available for sale debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed against interest income.