Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 14 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company follows authoritative guidance under FASB ASC Topic 820 for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The definition of fair value under ASC 820 is the exchange price. The guidance clarifies that the exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability. The definition focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (an exit price), not the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability (an entry price). The guidance emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.

Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based on fair value models that use market participant or independently sourced market data which include: discount rate, interest rate yield curves, credit risk, default rates and expected cash flow assumptions. In addition, valuation adjustments may be made in the determination of fair value. These fair value adjustments may include amounts to reflect counter party credit quality, creditworthiness, liquidity, and other unobservable inputs that are applied consistently over time. These adjustments are estimated and, therefore, subject to significant management judgment, and at times, may be necessary to mitigate the possibility of error or revision in the model-based estimate of the fair value provided by the model. The methods described above may produce fair value calculations that may not be indicative of the net realizable value. While the Company believes its valuation methods are consistent with other financial institutions, the use of different methods or assumptions to determine fair values could result in different estimates of fair value. FASB ASC Topic 820 for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level 3: Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

The following table presents the assets required to be measured and reported on a recurring basis on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair value as of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

	September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Assets:
Investments available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	98,977	$	—	$	98,977
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations		—		7,820		—		7,820
U.S. government agency securities		—		3,702		—		3,702
Municipal bonds		—		13,970		—		13,970
Corporate bonds		—		31,628		—		31,628
Equity securities		1,702		—		—		1,702
Total Assets	$	1,702	$	156,097	$	—	$	157,799

	June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Assets:
Investments available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	106,756	$	—	$	106,756
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations		—		8,292		—		8,292
U.S. government agency securities		—		3,932		—		3,932
Municipal bonds		—		14,979		—		14,979
Corporate bonds		—		31,168		—		31,168
Equity securities		1,629		—		—		1,629
Total Assets	$	1,629	$	165,127	$	—	$	166,756

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities may be required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition. Generally, nonrecurring valuation is the result of the application of other accounting pronouncements which require assets and liabilities to be assessed for impairment or recorded at the lower of cost or fair value.

Loan individually evaluated for impairment are generally measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral supporting the loan. Evaluating the collateral for these loans is based on Level 3 inputs utilizing outside appraisals adjusted by management for sales costs and other assumptions regarding market conditions to arrive at fair value. As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company charged-off the collateral deficiency on loans evaluated individually for impairment. As a result, there were no specific reserves on loans evaluated individually for impairment as of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023.

Other real estate owned (OREO) is measured at fair value, based on appraisals less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure. Valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. Income and expenses from operations and changes in valuation allowance are included in the net expenses from OREO.

As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, there were no assets required to be measured and reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis.  

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company's financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year-ends and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each year-end.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company's assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company's disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments.

Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Time Deposits

The carrying amounts of cash and amounts due from banks and interest-bearing time deposits approximate their fair value due to the relatively short time between origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity

The fair value of investment and mortgage-backed securities is equal to the available quoted market price. If no quoted market price is available, fair value is estimated using the quoted market price for similar securities.

Equity Securities

The fair value of equity securities is equal to the available quoted market price.

Loans Receivable

The fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current market inputs at which loans with similar terms are adjusted for liquidity and credit risk.

Regulatory Stock

The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value because Federal Home Loan Bank stock can only be redeemed or sold at par value and only to the respective issuing government supported institution or to another member institution.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Company reports bank-owned life insurance on its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at the cash surrender value.  The carrying amount of bank-owned life insurance approximates fair value because the fair value of bank-owned life insurance is equal to the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and payable approximates fair value.

Deposits

Fair values for demand deposits, NOW accounts, savings and club accounts, and money market deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date as these products have no stated maturity. Fair values of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies market interest rates currently being offered on similar instruments with similar maturities.

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

Fair value of advances from Federal Home Loan Bank is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on rates currently available to the Company for advances from Federal Home Loan Bank with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, considering market interest rates, the remaining terms and present credit worthiness of the counterparties.

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 825 for Financial Instruments, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments. The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a distressed sale. Fair value is best determined using observable market prices; however, for many of the Company’s financial instruments no quoted market prices are readily available. In instances where quoted market prices are not readily available, fair value is determined using present value or other techniques appropriate for the particular instrument. These techniques involve some degree of judgment, and as a result, are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange. Different assumptions or estimation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value.

The following tables set forth the carrying value of financial assets and liabilities and the fair value for certain financial instruments that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for the periods indicated.  The tables below exclude financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value.

	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023
					Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
					in Active Markets		Other Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Fair		for Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial instruments - assets:
Loans receivable, net	$	472,052	$	439,471	$	—	$	—	$	439,471
Securities held to maturity		97,544		76,853		—		76,853		—
Financial instruments - liabilities:
Certificates of deposit		165,903		163,421		—		—		163,421
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank		51,000		51,000		—		—		51,000
Off-balance sheet financial instruments		—		—		—		—		—

	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
					Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
					in Active Markets		Other Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Fair		for Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial instruments - assets:
Loans receivable, net	$	477,543	$	436,636	$	—	$	—	$	436,636
Securities held to maturity		99,690		82,313		—		82,313		—
Financial instruments - liabilities:
Certificates of deposit		159,377		155,426		—		—		155,426
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank		34,000		34,000		—		—		34,000
Off-balance sheet financial instruments		—		—		—		—		—