Interim Analyses of ILLUMINATE Natural History Study & IGNITE Phase 2 Trial for Iluzanebart (VGL101) in ALSP November 16, 2023 Exhibit 99.2

Today’s Agenda 4:30 - 4:35 PM (5 min) Opening Remarks and Corporate Overview Ivana Magovčević-Liebisch, PhD, JD  President & Chief Executive Officer, Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 4:35 - 5:05 PM (30 min) Presentation of Iluzanebart (VGL101) Interim Data from Phase 2 IGNITE Study in ALSP & Ongoing ILLUMINATE Natural History Study David Gray, PhD Chief Science Officer, Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 5:05 - 5:15 PM (10 min) ALSP Disease Overview & Perspective on Interim Results David S. Lynch, MD, PhD  Consultant Neurologist, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square & UCL Institute of Neurology, London Clinical Lead, Adult Inherited White Matter Disorders Highly Specialist Service, NHS England 5:15 - 5:30 PM (15 min) Closing Remarks and Q&A Session © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Reminders Webinar scheduled to end at 5:30pm ET Presentation is available in investors section under Events & Presentations at www.vigilneuro.com Moderated Q&A session following prepared remarks To submit a written question, fill out form on webcast home page Webcast replay available later today on Vigil website under "Events & Presentations"  3 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This presentation contains “forward-looking statements,” which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Such statements may contain words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “prepare,” “look,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “possible,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms, or other comparable words. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to: our plans to deliver precision-based therapies to improve the lives of patients and their families and to target a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases; plans to discover and develop novel therapeutics to leverage microglial biology, such as VGL101, VG-3927 and current or future product candidates, and to enable success in clinical development including demonstrating favorable safety and tolerability profiles and achieving therapeutic benefits for patients; beliefs about TREM2 agonism’s importance in ALSP and Alzheimer’s disease; beliefs about the profiles and potential, including the commercial potential, of our pipeline and the strength of our intellectual property position; our analyses and beliefs about data, including pathology and disease biomarkers and the signaling, engagement and potency as an agonism of TREM2 in microglia; plans and upcoming milestones, including estimated timelines, for our pipeline program development activities and pipeline expansion opportunities; expected timing and next steps regarding data announcement, clinical trial design and activities, and regulatory filings and potential approvals; expectations regarding our ability to develop and advance our current and future product candidates and discovery programs; and the belief that we are well-positioned to execute on our mission. These forward‐looking statements, which are only predictions, involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control and are based on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding our business. As such, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements because such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results, performance or achievement to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those predicted in our forward-looking statements include, among others, risks and uncertainties related to product development, including delays or challenges that may arise in the development and regulatory approval of our current and future product candidates or programs; uncertainties as to the availability and timing of results and data from preclinical and clinical studies; the timing of our ability to submit and obtain regulatory clearance for investigational new drug applications and initiate additional clinical trials; our ability to initiate and complete our current and expected clinical trials; our ability to establish and maintain collaborations, strategic relationships and supply arrangements, or that we will not realize the intended benefits from such relationships or arrangements; whether our cash resources will be sufficient to fund our foreseeable and unforeseeable operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements; our ability to raise additional funding on favorable terms, or at all; the rate and degree of market acceptance and clinical utility of our product candidates; the ability and willingness of our third-party collaborators to continue research and development activities relating to our product candidates; the accuracy of our data analyses or estimates for the potential and market for our products; our ability, and the ability of our collaborators, to protect our intellectual property and to conduct activities for the development and commercialization of our candidates in view of third party intellectual property positions; our financial performance; our ability to retain and recruit key personnel, as well as the potential contribution of our employees and board to our growth and success as a Company; developments and projections relating to our competitors or our industry; our ability to work with the FDA to successfully remove the partial clinical hold on VG-3927; changes in general economic conditions and global instability, in particular economic conditions in the markets on which we or our suppliers operate; changes in laws and regulations; and those risks and uncertainties identified in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most-recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and such other risks and uncertainties that may be described in subsequent filings we may make with the SEC. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events or performance, or as a representation or warranty (express or implied) by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, on such specified terms, or at all. Although our management believes that the expectations reflected in our statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, performance or events and circumstances described in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date such statements are made. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. 2 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Corporate Overview Ivana Magovčević-Liebisch, PhD, JD Chief Executive Officer Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Overall Summary ILLUMINATE NHS continues to provide important insights and a rich dataset on biomarkers and clinical measures of disease progression in ALSP Totality of data, including longitudinal progression observed on selected MRI measures and clinical endpoints, support engagement with regulatory authorities IGNITE Phase 2 interim analysis provides further support on safety and PK/PD profiles, and clinical strategy for VGL101 in ALSP Favorable safety and tolerability data CNS target engagement and downstream pharmacological activity consistent with VGL101 Phase 1 data for 20 mg/kg; increases in sCSF1R CSF levels, a key biomarker of ALSP disease pathology Directionally supportive changes at 6 months for individual subjects on MRI and NfL biomarkers of disease progression Quality and consistency of data support continuation of IGNITE and ILLUMINATE without modification Vigil plans to engage with FDA to initiate discussions regarding potential accelerated development pathway for VGL101 Data on all patients in 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg cohorts at 6 months expected in Q3 2024 IGNITE & ILLUMINATE interim analyses provide further support for continued development of iluzanebart (VGL101) as potential ALSP therapy © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Vigil Neuroscience Vigil Neuroscience is a clinical-stage microglia-focused therapeutics company   Founded ~3 years ago in July 2020  Our purpose: to treat rare and common neurodegenerative diseases by restoring the vigilance of microglia, the brain’s sentinel immune cells Precision-based strategy for developing microglia therapeutics Only company known to have 2 modalities for TREM2 agonism – monoclonal antibody and small molecule​ First company to show clinical data on TREM2 agonism as potential therapeutic approach in patients with neurodegenerative disease >60 highly dedicated team members  © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Featured Key Opinion Leader (KOL) David S. Lynch, MD, PhD  Consultant Neurologist, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square & UCL Institute of Neurology, London Clinical Lead, Adult Inherited White Matter Disorders Highly Specialist Service, NHS England © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

ILLUMINATE Natural History Study Updated Interim Analysis

ILLUMINATE Updated Interim Analysis: Executive Summary sCSF1R and NfL levels are remarkably altered in ALSP, which are key biomarkers of disease pathology  Totality of data, including longitudinal progression observed on selected MRI measures and clinical endpoints, support engagement with regulatory authorities Quality and consistency of data in this interim analysis support chosen biomarkers for pharmacological activity MRI measurements on ventricular volume and gray matter volume are emerging as key indicators of disease progression White matter lesion volume and corpus callosum MRI measurements are variable and less sensitive over 6 months Interim MoCA and CBFS data support their use as clinical endpoints in ALSP at 12 months ILLUMINATE continues to provide important insights and a rich dataset on biomarkers and clinical measures of disease progression in ALSP over 12 months  sCSF1R: soluble Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor; NfL: neurofilament light chain; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, CBFS: Cortical Basal Ganglia Functional Scale © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

First ALSP Natural History Study: Design First ever multicenter†, natural history study of ALSP patients with confirmed CSF1R gene mutation  Sample size: ~50 subjects (globally) Objectives: Characterize biomarkers & clinical measures of disease progression in ALSP Possibility for external comparator arm for interventional studies   Observation period: 24 months   Key assessments: MRI: Baseline & every 6 months CSF biomarkers: Baseline, 12- & 24-months Clinical assessments: Baseline, every 6 months ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05020743; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid ; †Study conducted at sites in the United States, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom Screening 24-month Observation Period Up to 28 days Screening/ Baseline 6 Months 12 Months 24 Months MRI Biomarkers in blood CSF MRI Biomarkers in blood MRI Biomarkers in blood CSF MRI Biomarkers in blood CSF Assessments at each clinic visit: cognition, motor function, psychiatric status, severity of illness, activities of daily living, caregiver burden, adverse events; and review of concomitant medications/procedures MRI 18 Months Illuminate: Natural History Study Design ILLUMINATE – setting up for clinical success in ALSP © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Key Eligibility Criteria ≥18 years of age with evidence of CSF1R gene mutation Symptomatic (Definitive) ALSP Subjects who fulfill both of the following criteria: More than two findings of clinical signs or symptoms in any of the following categories: Cognitive impairment or psychiatric problem Pyramidal signs on neurological examination Extrapyramidal signs, such as rigidity, tremor, abnormal gait, or bradykinesia Epilepsy MRI findings consistent with ALSP: specifically, bilateral cerebral white matter lesions Prodromal ALSP MRI findings consistent with ALSP (bilateral cerebral white matter lesions) Prodromal subjects may have none or up to 2 ALSP-related clinical signs or symptoms © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Natural History Study Baseline Demography Prodromal Symptomatic (N=18) (N=14) Age at Screening (yrs.)    number 18 14    Mean (SE) 45.7 (4.0) 44.1 (2.8)    Median 40.5 44 Sex    Female: number (%) 11 (61.1%) 8 (57.1%)    Male: number (%) 7 (38.9%) 6 (42.9%) Race    White: number (%) 17 (94.4%) 14 (100.0%)    Black: number (%) 1 (5.6%) 0 Ethnicity     Hispanic or Latino: number (%) 2 (11.1%) 1 (7.1%)     Not Hispanic or Latino: number (%) 16 (88.9%) 12 (85.7%)     Not Stated: number (%) 0 1 (7.1%) Time from Diagnosis (yrs.)    number 9 14    Mean (SE) 0.86 (0.39) 0.76 (0.33)    Median 0.17 0.38 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

ILLUMINATE: Updated Interim Analysis on Fluid Biomarkers

Fluid Biomarker Baseline Levels Altered in ALSP Healthy: healthy volunteers from VGL101 Phase 1 trial; CSF1R: Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; NfL: neurofilament light chain Baseline NfL Levels in CSF (Left) & Serum (Right) sCSF1R levels reduced in prodromal and symptomatic vs healthy NfL levels increased in symptomatic reflecting active neurodegeneration Baseline Soluble CSF1R Levels in CSF © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. 51 4 7 sCSF1R (pg/ml) 25           4             7 NfL in CSF (pg/ml) 67          17          14 NfL in serum (pg/ml)

ILLUMINATE: Updated Interim Analysis on MRI

ILLUMINATE MRI Markers of Disease Progression: Ventricular Volume Baseline Change from Baseline at Month 6 Symptomatic participants demonstrated greater ventricular expansion at baseline and progression over 6 months relative to prodromal participants Disease Progression Plots are Mean ± SE N=14 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. N=9

ILLUMINATE MRI Markers of Disease Progression: Gray Matter Volume Baseline Change from Baseline at Month 6 Symptomatic participants demonstrated greater gray matter atrophy at baseline and progression over 6 months relative to prodromal participants Disease Progression © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. N=9 Plots are Mean ± SE

ILLUMINATE: Interim Analysis on Clinical Endpoints

ILLUMINATE Clinical Endpoint: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Symptomatic participants demonstrated greater impairment at baseline and progression at 12 months N=51 N=4 N=11 N=4 N=7 N=4 N=6 Baseline MoCA MoCA Change from Baseline at Month 12 Disease Progression © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. Plots are Mean ± SE

ILLUMINATE Clinical Endpoint: Cortical Basal Ganglia Functional Scale (CBFS) Symptomatic participants demonstrated greater impairment at baseline and progression at 12 months Baseline CBFS CBFS Change from Baseline at Month 12 Disease Progression © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. Plots are Mean ± SE

IGNITE Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Trial of Iluzanebart (VGL101) in ALSP 1st Interim Analysis Iluzanebart (VGL101) is an investigational therapy and has not been reviewed or approved by any regulatory authority

IGNITE Phase 2 Trial 1st Interim Analysis: Executive Summary Favorable safety and tolerability data Most patients did not report treatment-related adverse events (AEs) No treatment-related severe or serious AEs No discontinuations due to AEs Predictable PK and brain penetration profile consistent with VGL101 Phase 1 data in healthy volunteers  CNS target engagement and downstream pharmacological activity consistent with VGL101 Phase 1 data in healthy volunteers for 20 mg/kg Reduction in sTREM2 CSF levels and increase in osteopontin CSF levels, indicating CNS target engagement Increases in sCSF1R CSF levels, a key biomarker of ALSP disease pathology Directionally supportive changes at 6 months for individual subjects on MRI and NfL biomarkers of disease progression Quality and consistency of data on 6 subjects after 6 months support continuation of IGNITE and ILLUMINATE without modification IGNITE interim analysis on 6 patients at 6 months (20 mg/kg) further supports iluzanebart (VGL101) safety and PK/PD profiles, and clinical strategy  © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Iluzanebart (VGL101) ALSP Phase 2 Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial Design © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. VGL101 (12 months, IV administration of 20mg/kg) Screening Follow up Primary Analysis: 6 months (all subjects) 20 mg/kg + 40 mg/kg Final Analysis: 12 months (all subjects) 20 mg/kg + 40 mg/kg Interim Analysis: 6 months (n=6) 20mg/kg VGL101 (12 months, IV administration of 40mg/kg) Study Population Patients with symptomatic ALSP related to CSF1R gene mutation Study Design Open-label, ~15 patients Treatment Duration 12 months (with opportunity for further extension), monthly IV administration Outcome Assessments Safety and tolerability of VGL101 MRI-based assessment of brain volume and white matter lesions CSF biomarkers for neurodegeneration and target engagement Clinical outcome measures and PK Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05677659

Iluzanebart (VGL101) ALSP Phase 2 Patient Population Key Clinical Inclusion Criteria Key Clinical Exclusion Criteria Documentation of a CSF1R gene mutation Clinical symptoms consistent with ALSP MRI findings consistent with ALSP Mild and early-moderate stages defined by cognitive and ambulation status Any neurological disease that poses a risk to the participant or produces symptoms like ALSP Patients unable to complete study procedures Comorbidities not permitting safe study participation © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2022. All rights reserved.

Phase 2 Baseline Demographics Phase 2 Baseline (N=6) Age at Screening (yrs.)    n 6    Mean (SE) 40.3 (3.3)    Median 41 Sex    Female: n (%) 2 (33.3%)    Male: n (%) 4 (66.7%) Race    White: n (%) 5 (83.3%)    Black: n (%) 1 (16.7%) Ethnicity     Hispanic or Latino: n (%) 0     Not Hispanic or Latino: n (%) 5 (83.3%)     Not Stated: n (%) 1 (16.7%) Time from Diagnosis (yrs.)    Mean (SE) 0.94 (0.33)    Median 0.71 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Target Engagement (6 months) Microglia State (6 months) Disease Pathophysiology (6 -9 months) Clinical Progression (12 months) Fluid:  sTREM2 (CSF) Fluid:  sCSF1R (CSF) Osteopontin (CSF) Fluid: NfL (serum & CSF) Imaging: MRI measures ventricle and gray matter volumes  Cognition & function: MoCA CBFS CDR+NACC-FTD IGNITE Biomarkers of Pharmacology, Disease Progression and Clinical Endpoints © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

IGNITE Interim Safety Data Summary Favorable safety & tolerability profile Summary of Safety Outcomes (N=6)a Patients with TEAEs Any AE, n (%) 4 (66.7) Treatment-related AEs, n (%) 2 (33.3) Mildc 2 (33.3) Moderatec 1 (16.7) Severe 0 Treatment-related AEs occurring in ≥2 participants, n (%) 0 SAEs, n (%) 1 (16.7) Treatment-related serious AEs, n (%) 0 Discontinuation of study drug due to AEs, n (%) 0 aIGNITE Ph2 interim data cut as of 22 September 2023 bEvents determined by investigator to be “related” to study drug. cMild to moderate AEs include 1 patient with mild hepatic enzyme increase and; 1 patient with both mild irritability, tremor and lethargy, and moderate pruritus, lethargy and amnestic disorder (memory loss) AE: adverse event; SAE: serious adverse event; TEAE: treatment emergent adverse event Overview of Safety & Tolerability: VGL101 was generally well tolerated  Majority of patients did not report treatment-related AEs No treatment-related severe AE or SAE No discontinuations due to AE One patient was briefly hospitalized for non-treatment related SAEs of abdominal pain, asthenia, vomiting, and diarrhea No hematological AEs No imaging-related abnormalities © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Iluzanebart (VGL101) PK in IGNITE: Predictable and Consistent with Phase 1 Simulated median (line) PK and 95 % prediction interval (shaded) based on HVs at 20 mg/kg monthly. Dots are mean (+/- SD) of observed PK in ALSP patients  Brain penetration and achieving projected CSF therapeutic exposures: ~0.5% CSF-to-serum ratio for ALSP patients (vs 0.1 – 0.2% for healthy subjects in Phase 1) © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. VGL101 concentration (µg/mL) Serum Time after dose (week)

NfL levels in CSF and Serum were Highly Correlated © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. IGNITE Phase 2 Baseline

Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient A CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 -26% sCSF1R +34% Osteopontin +32% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 80 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data Natural History IGNITE Ph2 *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in all fluid biomarkers Supportive change in trend post-6 months (NfL reduction in CSF at 6 month) Neurofilament (NfL) © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

MRI Biomarker Data: Patient A Gray Matter Volume Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Natural History IGNITE Ph2 + 10.0 mL - 3.8 mL Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in both MRI measures Ventricular Volume MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient B CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 +60% sCSF1R +32% Osteopontin +7% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 159 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in most fluid biomarkers *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit NfL reduction below baseline Neurofilament (NfL) © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

MRI Biomarker Data: Patient B Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Natural History IGNITE Ph2 +50.4 mL Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in both MRI measures Gray Matter Volume Ventricular Volume -2.3 ml © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data

Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient C CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 -5% sCSF1R -5% Osteopontin +20% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 42 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in most fluid biomarkers Neurofilament (NfL) Supportive change in trend post-6 months *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

MRI Biomarker Data: Patient C Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Natural History IGNITE Ph2 - 54.1 mL + 1.6 mL Gray Matter Volume Ventricular Volume Did not demonstrate supportive changes in MRI measures © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data

IGNITE Ph2 Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient D CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 -20% sCSF1R +16% Osteopontin +18% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 10 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data Natural History Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in all fluid biomarkers Low absolute change Neurofilament (NfL) *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

IGNITE Ph2 MRI Biomarker Data: Patient D Natural History IGNITE Ph2 Natural History -6.8 mL - 0.2 mL Demonstrated directionally supportive change in ventricular volume Gray Matter Volume Ventricular Volume © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data

Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient E CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 -26% sCSF1R +0% Osteopontin +9% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 12 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data IGNITE Ph2 Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in most fluid biomarkers *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit Neurofilament (NfL) Low absolute change © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. Natural History

MRI Biomarker Data: Patient E Phase 2 Natural History Phase 2 -1.4 mL -1.2 mL Demonstrated directionally supportive change in ventricular volume Gray Matter Volume Ventricular Volume © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. Natural History MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data

Fluid Biomarker Data: Patient F CSF Biomarker Treatment effect Hypothesized* Observed** sTREM2 +14% sCSF1R +24% Osteopontin +118% Serum NfL at Phase 2 baseline: 54 pg/mL Serum NfL change in Natural History is estimated using patient’s own subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE and IGNITE baseline data IGNITE Ph2 Natural History Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in most fluid biomarkers Low absolute change (NfL reduction in CSF) Neurofilament (NfL) *Arrows denote directional change hypothesized to be consistent with target engagement and increased microglial activity **Change from baseline at 6-month visit © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

MRI Biomarker Data: Patient F Natural History IGNITE Ph2 IGNITE Ph2 +77.9 mL Demonstrated directionally supportive changes in both MRI measures Gray Matter Volume Ventricular Volume - 0.2 mL © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. Natural History MRI change in Natural History estimated using patient own’s subject-level regression of ILLUMINATE data

MRI Changes on Gray Matter and Ventricular Volumes  Directional change indicating reduced progression rate in ventricular expansion and gray matter atrophy in certain patients post-iluzanebart (VGL101) treatment vs. pre-treatment Region Rate of Progression Ventricles 5 out of 6 patients had directional change supporting reduced rate of ventricular expansion1 Gray Matter Volume 3 out of 6 patients had directional change supporting reduced rate of atrophy2 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. 1. Patients A, B, D, E and F; 2. Patients A, B and F

Changes in Biomarker Levels in CSF and Serum Encouraging directional changes in CSF and serum levels of biomarkers in certain patients post-iluzanebart (VGL101) treatment vs. pre-treatment Region Response on Fluid Biomarkers  sCSF1R 4 out of 6 patients showed an increase over baseline (range: 16 – 34 %)1 NfL 3 out of 6 patients showed changes in serum NfL trajectory including: 1 patient showed reduced serum NfL at 6 months from baseline2  2 patients showed reduced serum NfL between 6 and 9 months3 2 patients out of 6 patients with low serum NfL baseline (age-normal range) showed low absolute changes in serum NfL at 6 months4 2 out of 6 patients showed reduced CSF NfL at 6 months5 © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. 1. Patients A, B, D and F; 2. Patient B; 3. Patients A & C; 4. Patients D & E; 5. Patients A & F

Overall Summary ILLUMINATE NHS continues to provide important insights and a rich dataset on biomarkers and clinical measures of disease progression in ALSP Totality of data, including longitudinal progression observed on selected MRI measures and clinical endpoints, support engagement with regulatory authorities IGNITE Phase 2 interim analysis provides further support on safety and PK/PD profiles, and clinical strategy for VGL101 in ALSP Favorable safety and tolerability data CNS target engagement and downstream pharmacological activity consistent with VGL101 Phase 1 data for 20 mg/kg; increases in sCSF1R CSF levels, a key biomarker of ALSP disease pathology Directionally supportive changes at 6 months for individual subjects on MRI and NfL biomarkers of disease progression Quality and consistency of interim data support continuation of IGNITE and ILLUMINATE without modification Vigil plans to engage with FDA to initiate discussions regarding potential accelerated development pathway for VGL101 Data on all patients in 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg cohorts at 6 months expected in Q3 2024 IGNITE & ILLUMINATE interim analyses provide further support for continued development of iluzanebart (VGL101) as potential ALSP therapy © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

ALSP Background & Perspectives on ILLUMINATE & IGNITE Interim Data David S. Lynch, MD, PhD Consultant Neurologist National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square & UCL Institute of Neurology, London Clinical Lead Adult Inherited White Matter Disorders Highly Specialist Service, NHS England

Adult-onset Leukoencephalopathy with Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia (ALSP) Rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation in the CSF1R gene1-7 Primarily causing degeneration of brain white matter Now recognized as ALSP ICD-10-CM Code G93.44 Estimated to affect 10%-25% of known patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathies Adult onset with rapid disease progression1-2 Incapacitation: 3-4 years from disease onset (average) Death: 6-8 years from disease onset (average) No approved therapies CSF1R, colony stimulating factor-1 receptor. 1. Konno T, et al. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(1):37-45. 2. Papapetropoulos S, et al. Front Neurol. 2022;12:788168. 3. Lynch DS, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(5):512-519. 4. Lynch DS, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(5):543-554. 5. Marotti JD, et al. Acta Neuropathol. 2004;107(6):481-488. 6. Wider C, et al. Neurology. 2009;72(22):1953-1959. 7. NORD. Accessed Oct 14, 2023. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/adult-onset-leukoencephalopathy-with-axonal-spheroids-and-pigmented-glia/.

ALSP Symptoms1,2 1. Sundal C, et al. CSF1R-Related Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy with Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia. In: Adam MP MG, et al, ed. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. 2. Konno T, et al. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(1):37-45. Personality change New anxiety, depression Difficulty in work, decision making Inappropriate behavior Memory problems Word-finding and speech problems Cognitive As the disease progresses, symptoms multiply and patients become more immobile, to the point of being bedbound and totally dependent for care Gait and balance problems Stiffness, slowness of movement Incoordination, tremor Swallowing and speech difficulty Motor

Relentlessly Progressive ALSP Progression 75% survival for approximately 3 years, 50% for 5 years, 25% for 10 years and < 5% for 30 years Papapetropoulos et al. American Academy of Neurology Conference 2022 Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival probability (%) and number of patients at risk of death following diagnosis at 10-year intervals were performed with survival time and disease duration related to age of onset of symptoms in patients with ALSP1

ALSP Pathophysiology – Genetically Caused1 Loss of function mutations in the CSF1R gene leading to Microglia loss and dysfunction Structural and pathophysiological abnormalities of axons Demyelination of white matter Axonal spheroids2 Pigmented glia2 ALSP Gray Matter (IBA-1 Staining for Microglia)3 Normal Gray Matter (IBA-1 Staining for Microglia)3 Left figure: Konishi & Kiyama Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2018; 1. Papapetropoulos S, et al. Front Neurol. 2022; 2. Lynch DS, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016; 3. Kempthorne et al. Acta Neuropathologica. 2020

Demonstration of ALSP Progression on MRI Baseline 6 Month Scan 9 Month Scan F MRI scans of a symptomatic participant in Vigil’s ALSP natural history study, ILLUMINATE www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05020743

Significantly Elevated Serum NfL Levels in Symptomatic ALSP vs Other Neurodegenerative Diseases Healthy (25) Prodromal (4) Symptomatic (7) CSF NfL (pg/ml) Left figure: Interim data from Vigil’s Natural History Study in ALSP, ILLUMINATE; right figure: Delaby et al Scientific Reports 2020; control: cognitively healthy participants; AD: Alzheimer’s Disease; DS: Down Syndrome; ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; FTD: Frontotemporal Dementia; DLB: Dementia with Lewy Bodies; CBS: Corticobasal Syndrome; PSP: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ~4,300 pg/ML

Vigil’s ILLUMINATE & IGNITE Interim Data – Key Takeaways ILLUMINATE & IGNITE represent 1st ever trials of their kind in ALSP Increasing overall understanding of disease pathophysiology, and biomarkers for disease progression and treatment response Positive interim data on VGL101’s potential as treatment for ALSP, a devastating disease with no approved therapy Favorable safety and tolerability with an accessible once monthly IV administration Observed differential sCSF1R response in ALSP patients (vs HVs), indicating rescue of microglial activity in ALSP setting Very encouraging changes in MRI and NfL at 6 months compare favorably vs HSCT Indicating impact on disease progression 5 out of 6 patients showed reduction in rate of ventricular expansion Slowing or reduction in ventricular expansion are clinically relevant Even when it works, HSCT needs at least 1 year for observable MRI changes with significant safety/tolerability risks 4 out of 6 patients showed reduction in NfL trajectory in serum or CSF, indicating an impact on neuronal degeneration 1st targeted therapeutic candidate with clinical data in ALSP patients 1st data on TREM2 agonism as a therapeutic approach in a neurodegenerative disease setting Excited to continue to participate in IGNITE to generate more data and further evaluate this candidate

Closing Remarks Ivana Magovčević-Liebisch, PhD, JD Chief Executive Officer Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved.

Iluzanebart (VGL101): The Only Targeted Therapeutic in Development for ALSP © Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. 2023. All rights reserved. First company to show clinical data on TREM2 agonism as a potential therapeutic approach in patients with a neurodegenerative disease   VGL101 demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability, including no hematologic adverse events Clear CNS target engagement and downstream pharmacological activity at 20 mg/kg consistent with Phase 1 data Directionally supportive changes in individual patients at 6 months on MRI and NfL biomarkers Natural History Study continued to provide critical insights on MRI and NfL biomarkers; sCSF1R emerging as key biomarker of ALSP disease pathology   Phase 2 IGNITE results from all patients in 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg cohorts at 6 months expected in Q3 2024

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