c

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number 001-39828

 

ARKO Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	85-2784337
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

8565 Magellan Parkway

Suite 400

Richmond, Virginia 23227-1150

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(804) 730-1568

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	ARKO	Nasdaq Capital Market
Warrants to purchase common stock	ARKOW	Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company”

in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of November 4, 2022, the registrant had 120,074,542 shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	12
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
Item 5.	Other Information	47
Item 6.	Exhibits	48
Signatures		49

2

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements,” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding our product development efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects, including the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our businesses, operating results, cash flows and/or financial condition. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Many factors could cause our actual activities or results to differ materially from the activities and results anticipated in forward-looking statements. These factors include those described below and in “Item 1A-Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and described from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable law. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the PSLRA. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and reflect our views as of the date they are made with respect to future events and financial performance.

Risks and uncertainties, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business, include the following:

•changes in economic conditions and consumer confidence in the United States;

•our ability to make acquisitions on economically acceptable terms;

•our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations or otherwise realize the expected benefits from our acquisitions;

•our future growth depends on our ability to successfully implement our organic growth strategies;

•labor, raw materials and building supply shortages and price fluctuations in the construction industry could delay or increase the costs of our store upgrade and remodel program and our maintenance capital expenditures;

•changes in the wholesale prices of motor fuel;

•significant changes in the current consumption of and regulations related to tobacco and nicotine products;

•significant changes in demand for fuel-based modes of transportation;

•we operate in a highly competitive industry characterized by low entry barriers;

•negative events or developments associated with branded motor fuel suppliers;

•we depend on several principal suppliers for our gross fuel purchases and two principal suppliers for merchandise;

•a portion of our revenue is generated under fuel supply agreements with independent dealers that must be renegotiated or replaced periodically;

•the retail sale, distribution, transport and storage of motor fuels is subject to environmental protection and operational safety laws and regulations that may expose us or our customers to significant costs and liabilities;

•business disruption and related risks resulting from the outbreak of COVID-19 and variants of the virus, including associated regulatory changes;

•failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations;

•the loss of key senior management personnel or the failure to recruit or retain qualified personnel;

•unfavorable weather conditions;

•we may be held liable for fraudulent credit card transactions on our fuel dispensers;

•payment-related risks that may result in higher operating costs or the inability to process payments;

•significant disruptions of information technology systems or breaches of data security;

•laws, regulations, standards, and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security regulations, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations;

3

•our failure to adequately secure, maintain, and enforce our intellectual property rights;

•third-party claims of infringement upon their intellectual property rights;

•we depend on third-party transportation providers for the transportation of most of our motor fuel;

•our operations present risks which may not be fully covered by insurance;

•our variable rate debt;

•the agreements governing our indebtedness have various restrictions and financial covenants;

•the phase out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”);

•our principal stockholders and management exert significant control over us, and their interests may conflict with yours;

•our corporate structure includes Israeli subsidiaries that may have adverse tax consequences and expose us to additional tax liabilities;

•we may not be able to effectively maintain controls and procedures required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

•the market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile and could decline significantly;

•if securities or industry analysts do not publish research, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research or cease publishing research about us or the convenience store industry; and

•sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

4

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “ARKO,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” and “us” refer to ARKO Corp., a Delaware corporation, including our consolidated subsidiaries.

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	283,375		$	252,141
Restricted cash		14,194			20,402
Short-term investments		2,122			58,807
Trade receivables, net		121,736			62,342
Inventory		224,545			197,836
Other current assets		98,842			92,095
Total current assets		744,814			683,623
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net		591,024			548,969
Right-of-use assets under operating leases		1,127,100			1,064,982
Right-of-use assets under financing leases, net		185,518			192,378
Goodwill		197,711			197,648
Intangible assets, net		192,651			185,993
Equity investment		2,991			2,998
Deferred tax asset		17,773			41,047
Other non-current assets		29,683			24,637
Total assets	$	3,089,265		$	2,942,275
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Long-term debt, current portion	$	11,477		$	40,384
Accounts payable		211,125			172,918
Other current liabilities		148,199			137,488
Operating leases, current portion		55,952			51,261
Financing leases, current portion		5,741			6,383
Total current liabilities		432,494			408,434
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt, net		722,097			676,625
Asset retirement obligation		63,759			58,021
Operating leases		1,141,450			1,076,905
Financing leases		227,182			229,215
Deferred tax liability		—			2,546
Other non-current liabilities		132,276			136,853
Total liabilities		2,719,258			2,588,599
Commitments and contingencies - see Note 13
Series A redeemable preferred stock (no par value) - authorized: 1,000 shares; issued and    outstanding: 1,000 and 1,000 shares, respectively; redemption value: $100,000 and $100,000,    in the aggregate respectively		100,000			100,000
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock (par value $0.0001) - Authorized: 400,000 shares; Issued: 124,727 and 124,428 shares, respectively; Outstanding: 120,074 and 124,428 shares, respectively		12			12
Treasury stock, at cost - 4,653 and 0 shares, respectively		(40,042	)		—
Additional paid-in capital		226,808			217,675
Accumulated other comprehensive income		9,119			9,119
Retained earnings		73,990			26,646
Total shareholders' equity		269,887			253,452
Non-controlling interest		120			224
Total equity		270,007			253,676
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock and equity	$	3,089,265		$	2,942,275

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	1,979,574		$	1,580,359		$	5,648,954		$	4,144,069
Merchandise revenue		445,822			434,652			1,244,558			1,220,298
Other revenues, net		24,251			20,012			69,209			64,826
Total revenues		2,449,647			2,035,023			6,962,721			5,429,193
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,824,437			1,459,664			5,250,105			3,819,571
Merchandise costs		306,930			301,533			866,110			866,239
Store operating expenses		189,582			164,432			534,197			464,038
General and administrative expenses		35,954			32,696			100,695			91,270
Depreciation and amortization		26,061			22,031			75,050			71,546
Total operating expenses		2,382,964			1,980,356			6,826,157			5,312,664
Other expenses (income), net		951			(56	)		3,269			2,811
Operating income		65,732			54,723			133,295			113,718
Interest and other financial income		2,676			2,937			2,509			4,613
Interest and other financial expenses		(22,472	)		(17,365	)		(45,619	)		(59,655	)
Income before income taxes		45,936			40,295			90,185			58,676
Income tax expense		(20,898	)		(4,795	)		(31,060	)		(12,285	)
(Loss) income from equity investment		(44	)		85			(7	)		105
Net income	$	24,994		$	35,585		$	59,118		$	46,496
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		51			51			182			179
Net income attributable to ARKO Corp.	$	24,943		$	35,534		$	58,936		$	46,317
Series A redeemable preferred stock dividends		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		(4,301	)		(4,285	)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	23,494		$	34,085		$	54,635		$	42,032
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - basic	$	0.20		$	0.27		$	0.45		$	0.34
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders - diluted	$	0.17		$	0.25		$	0.43		$	0.31
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		120,074			124,428			121,950			124,406
Diluted		130,388			133,925			123,527			125,354

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	Common Stock					Treasury			Additional			Accumulated Other		Retained Earnings			Total			Non-
	Shares			Par Value		Stock, at Cost			Paid-in Capital			Comprehensive Income		(Accumulated Deficit)			Shareholders' Equity			Controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at July 1, 2021		124,428		$	12	$	—		$	214,781		$	9,119	$	(18,870	)	$	205,042		$	(153	)	$	204,889
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			1,613			—		—			1,613			—			1,613
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			(50	)		—		—			(50	)		50			—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			(60	)		(60	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—			—		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		—			(1,449	)
Net income		—			—		—			—			—		35,534			35,534			51			35,585
Balance at September 30, 2021		124,428		$	12	$	—		$	216,344		$	9,119	$	15,215		$	240,690		$	(112	)	$	240,578
Balance at July 1, 2022		120,075		$	12	$	(40,038	)	$	223,557		$	9,119	$	52,898		$	245,548		$	235		$	245,783
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			3,145			—		—			3,145			—			3,145
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			106			—		—			106			(106	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			(60	)		(60	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—			—		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		—			(1,449	)
Dividends declared (2 cents per share)		—			—		—			—			—		(2,402	)		(2,402	)		—			(2,402	)
Common stock repurchased		(1	)		—		(4	)		—			—		—			(4	)		—			(4	)
Net income		—			—		—			—			—		24,943			24,943			51			24,994
Balance at September 30, 2022		120,074		$	12	$	(40,042	)	$	226,808		$	9,119	$	73,990		$	269,887		$	120		$	270,007

7

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (cont’d)

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	Common Stock					Treasury			Additional			Accumulated Other		Retained Earnings			Total			Non-
	Shares			Par Value		Stock, at Cost			Paid-in Capital			Comprehensive Income		(Accumulated Deficit)			Shareholders' Equity			Controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2021		124,132		$	12	$	—		$	212,103		$	9,119	$	(29,653	)	$	191,581		$	(161	)	$	191,420
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			4,127			—		—			4,127			—			4,127
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			(50	)		—		—			(50	)		50			—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			(180	)		(180	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			(2,836	)		—		(1,449	)		(4,285	)		—			(4,285	)
Issuance of shares		296			—		—			3,000			—		—			3,000			—			3,000
Net income		—			—		—			—			—		46,317			46,317			179			46,496
Balance at September 30, 2021		124,428		$	12	$	—		$	216,344		$	9,119	$	15,215		$	240,690		$	(112	)	$	240,578
Balance at January 1, 2022		124,428		$	12	$	—		$	217,675		$	9,119	$	26,646		$	253,452		$	224		$	253,676
Share-based compensation		—			—		—			9,027			—		—			9,027			—			9,027
Transactions with non-controlling interests		—			—		—			106			—		—			106			(106	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interests		—			—		—			—			—		—			—			(180	)		(180	)
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		—			—		—			—			—		(4,301	)		(4,301	)		—			(4,301	)
Dividends declared (2 cents per share)		—			—		—			—			—		(7,291	)		(7,291	)		—			(7,291	)
Common stock repurchased		(4,653	)		—		(40,042	)		—			—		—			(40,042	)		—			(40,042	)
Vesting of restricted share units		286			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—
Issuance of shares		13			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—
Net income		—			—		—			—			—		58,936			58,936			182			59,118
Balance at September 30, 2022		120,074		$	12	$	(40,042	)	$	226,808		$	9,119	$	73,990		$	269,887		$	120		$	270,007

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	59,118		$	46,496
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		75,050			71,546
Deferred income taxes		20,728			3,910
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment charges		3,389			1,898
Foreign currency loss (gain)		241			(1,176	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discount and premium		1,894			1,423
Amortization of deferred income		(7,269	)		(7,102	)
Accretion of asset retirement obligation		1,259			1,266
Non-cash rent		5,714			4,773
Charges to allowance for credit losses		473			450
Loss (income) from equity investment		7			(105	)
Share-based compensation		9,027			4,127
Fair value adjustment of financial assets and liabilities		(3,848	)		9,237
Other operating activities, net		855			727
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in trade receivables		(59,867	)		(19,692	)
Increase in inventory		(14,570	)		(17,733	)
Increase in other assets		(7,367	)		(10,048	)
Increase in accounts payable		37,493			25,161
Increase in other current liabilities		7,631			3,493
Decrease in asset retirement obligation		(94	)		(128	)
Increase in non-current liabilities		9,899			1,024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	139,763		$	119,547

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (cont’d)

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	$	(72,902	)	$	(48,123	)
Purchase of intangible assets		(176	)		(222	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		140,380			36,685
Business acquisitions, net of cash		(191,203	)		(93,527	)
Decrease in investments, net		58,934			—
Repayment of loans to equity investment		174			—
Net cash used in investing activities		(64,793	)		(105,187	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Receipt of long-term debt, net		51,450			41,366
Repayment of debt		(42,372	)		(105,291	)
Principal payments on financing leases		(5,014	)		(6,050	)
Proceeds from failed sale-leaseback		—			43,569
Payment of Additional Consideration		(2,085	)		—
Payment of merger transaction issuance costs		—			(4,764	)
Common stock repurchased		(40,042	)		—
Dividends paid on common stock		(7,291	)		—
Dividends paid on redeemable preferred stock		(4,301	)		(4,442	)
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(180	)		(180	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(49,835	)		(35,792	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		25,135			(21,432	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(109	)		(1,440	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		272,543			312,977
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	297,569		$	290,105
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	$	252,141			293,666
Restricted cash, beginning of period		20,402			16,529
Restricted cash with respect to bonds, beginning of period		—			2,782
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	$	272,543		$	312,977
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	283,375		$	275,185
Restricted cash, end of period		14,194			14,920
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	297,569		$	290,105

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

ARKO Corp.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (cont’d)

(Unaudited, in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Supplementary cash flow information:
Cash received for interest	$	344	$	403
Cash paid for interest		36,109		42,549
Cash received for taxes		211		176
Cash paid for taxes		5,069		12,246
Supplementary noncash activities:
Prepaid insurance premiums financed through notes payable	$	5,523	$	4,900
Purchases of equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses		7,615		4,345
Purchase of property and equipment under leases		15,041		26,333
Disposals of leases of property and equipment		18,605		4,121
Issuance of shares		—		3,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

ARKO Corp.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. General

ARKO Corp. (the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation whose common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”) and publicly-traded warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “ARKO” and “ARKOW,” respectively.

The Company’s operations are primarily performed by its subsidiary, GPM Investments, LLC (“GPM”), a Delaware limited liability company. GPM is engaged directly and through fully owned and controlled subsidiaries (directly or indirectly) in retail activity, which includes the operations of a chain of convenience stores, most of which include adjacent gas stations, in wholesale activity, which includes the supply of fuel to gas stations operated by third parties, and following the closing of the Quarles Acquisition (as defined in Note 3) on July 22, 2022, in fleet fueling, which includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations) and issuance of proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites. As of September 30, 2022, GPM’s activity included the self-operation of 1,383 sites, the supply of fuel to 1,670 gas stations operated by independent dealers and the operation of 183 cardlock locations, throughout 33 states and the District of Columbia in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southwestern United States (“U.S.”).

The Company has four reportable segments: retail, wholesale, fleet fueling, and GPMP. Refer to Note 11 below for further information with respect to the segments.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (“interim financial statements”) as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Regulation S-X set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim reporting. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring adjustments except those otherwise described herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying interim financial statements. However, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, the interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “annual financial statements”).

The same significant accounting policies, presentation and methods of computation have been followed in these interim financial statements as were applied in the preparation of the annual financial statements.

Accounting Periods

The Company’s fiscal periods end on the last day of the month, and its fiscal year ends on December 31. This results in the Company experiencing fluctuations in current assets and current liabilities due to purchasing and payment patterns which change based upon the day of the week. As a result, working capital can change from period to period not only due to changing business operations, but also due to a change in the day of the week in which each period ends. The Company earns a disproportionate amount of its annual operating income in the second and third quarters as a result of the climate and seasonal buying patterns of its customers. Inclement weather, especially in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. during the winter months, can negatively impact financial results.

Use of Estimates

In the preparation of interim condensed consolidated financial statements, management may make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual

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results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; impairment of goodwill, intangible, right-of-use and fixed assets; environmental assets and liabilities; deferred tax assets; and asset retirement obligations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers. This requires the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a single point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer. Control is transferred to the customer over time if the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance. If a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, the Company satisfies the performance obligation at a single point in time.

Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services.

When the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of goods or services to the customer, revenue is recognized against contract assets in the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled. When the consideration amount received from the customer exceeds the amounts recognized as revenue, the Company recognizes a contract liability for the excess.

An asset is recognized related to the costs incurred to obtain a contract (i.e. sales commissions) if the costs are specifically identifiable to a contract, the costs will result in enhancing resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and the costs are expected to be recovered. These capitalized costs are recorded as a part of other current assets and other non-current assets and are amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services to which such costs relate. The Company expenses the costs to obtain a contract, as and when they are incurred, in cases where the expected amortization period is one year or less.

The Company evaluates if it is a principal or an agent in a transaction to determine whether revenue should be recorded on a gross or a net basis. In performing this analysis, the Company considers first whether it controls the goods before they are transferred to the customers and if it has the ability to direct the use of the goods or obtain benefits from them. The Company also considers the following indicators: (1) the primary obligor, (2) the latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers, and (3) the inventory risk borne by the Company before and after the goods have been transferred to the customer. When the Company acts as principal, revenue is recorded on a gross basis. When the Company acts as agent, revenue is recorded on a net basis.

Fuel revenue and fuel cost of revenue included fuel taxes of $274.8 million, $275.9 million, $750.3 million and $761.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Refer to Note 11 for disclosure of the revenue disaggregated by segment and product line, as well as a description of the reportable segment operations.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company accounts for financial derivative instruments at fair value and applies hedge accounting rules when applicable. The Company utilizes ultra-low sulfur diesel-based derivative instruments to offset changes in the fair value of its firm commitment to purchase diesel fuel which is ultimately delivered to certain of its fleet fueling sites.

These instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges of a firm commitment upon proper qualification. The Company assesses at inception and on an ongoing basis whether a derivative instrument accounted for as a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item (that is, the unrecognized firm commitment). The gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognized currently in earnings within fuel costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, in the period that the changes in fair value occur. The gain or loss (that is, the change in fair value) on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk designated as being hedged adjusts the carrying amount of the related hedged item and is simultaneously recognized in earnings within fuel costs in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, as an adjustment to the carrying amount of that hedged item (that is, the Company recognizes as assets or liabilities the changes in the fair value of the firm commitment that are attributable to the risk being hedged and that arise while the hedge of the firm commitment exists). When the underlying assets are purchased in accordance with the terms of the hedged firm commitment, the initial cost basis in the acquired assets is adjusted by the amount of the firm commitment that was recognized as an asset or liability under the fair value hedging model. See Note 6 and Note 10 for further information about the Company’s derivatives.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year equity amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This standard included optional guidance for a limited period of time to help ease the burden in accounting for the effects of reference rate reform. The new standard is effective for all entities through December 31, 2022. The Company has not needed to implement this optional guidance.

3. Acquisitions

Quarles Acquisition

On July 22, 2022, the Company consummated its acquisition of certain assets (the “Quarles Acquisition”) from Quarles Petroleum, Incorporated (“Quarles”), including:

•121 proprietary Quarles-branded cardlock sites and management of 63 third-party cardlock sites for fleet fueling operations;

•46 independent dealer locations, including certain lessee-dealer sites; and

•a small transportation fleet.

The total consideration for the Quarles Acquisition as set forth in the purchase agreement was approximately $170 million plus the value of inventory on the closing date. The Company financed $40 million of the purchase price with the Capital One Line of Credit (as defined in Note 12 to the annual financial statements) and Oak Street Real Estate Capital Net Lease Property Fund, LP (“Oak Street”), under the standby real estate purchase, designation and lease program agreement with Oak Street, dated as of May 31, 2021 (as amended, the “Program Agreement”), paid approximately $129.3 million of the consideration for fee simple ownership in 39 sites. At the closing, pursuant to the Program Agreement, the Company amended one of its master leases with Oak Street to add the sites Oak Street acquired in the transaction under customary lease terms. For accounting purposes, the transaction with Oak Street was treated as a sale-leaseback, and the Company recorded right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $81.8 million in connection therewith.

The details of the Quarles Acquisition were as follows:

	Amount
	(in thousands)
Fair value of consideration transferred:
Cash	$	15,056
GPMP Capital One Line of Credit		40,000
Liability resulting from contingent consideration		661
Consideration provided by Oak Street		129,316
Total consideration	$	185,033
Assets acquired and liabilities:
Inventory	$	12,300
Other assets		1,392
Property and equipment, net		154,889
Intangible assets		22,130
Right-of-use assets under operating leases		32,384
Environmental receivables		8
Total assets		223,103
Other liabilities		(1,168	)
Environmental liabilities		(316	)
Asset retirement obligations		(4,743	)
Operating leases		(31,843	)
Total liabilities		(38,070	)
Total identifiable net assets		185,033
Goodwill	$	-
Consideration paid in cash	$	55,056
Consideration provided by Oak Street		129,316
Net cash outflow	$	184,372

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The initial accounting treatment of the Quarles Acquisition reflected in these interim financial statements is provisional as the Company has not yet finalized the initial accounting treatment of the business combination, and in this regard, has not finalized the valuation of some of the assets and liabilities acquired and the goodwill resulting from the Quarles Acquisition, mainly due to the limited period of time between the Quarles Acquisition closing date and the date of these interim financial statements. Therefore, some of the financial information presented with respect to the Quarles Acquisition in these interim financial statements remains subject to change.

The Company included identifiable tangible assets and identifiable liabilities at their fair value based on the information available to the Company’s management on the Quarles Acquisition closing date, including, among other things, an evaluation performed by external consultants for this purpose. On the closing date of the Quarles Acquisition, the useful life of the wholesale fuel supply contracts was 5.25 years, the useful life of the contracts related to the third-party cardlock sites was two years, and the useful life of the customer relationships related to proprietary fuel cards that give customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites was 20 years.

The Company’s preliminary accounting treatment of this business combination resulted in no goodwill being recorded.

Acquisition-related costs amounting to approximately $0.9 million and $1.6 million have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense within the other expenses, net line in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. No acquisition-related costs were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Results of operations for the Quarles Acquisition for the period subsequent to the acquisition closing date were reflected in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the period from the acquisition closing date through September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $142.4 million in revenues and $6.2 million in net income related to the Quarles Acquisition.

Impact of Acquisitions (unaudited)

The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information was prepared based on the historical information of the Company and the acquired operations and gives pro forma effect to the acquisitions using the assumption that the Quarles Acquisition, the acquisition of 60 ExpressStop sites on May 18, 2021 and the acquisition of 36 Handy Mart sites on November 9, 2021 had occurred at the beginning of each period presented below. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may result from the acquisitions or any integration costs. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been had the acquisitions occurred at the beginning of each period presented below nor is it indicative of future results.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Total revenue	$	7,367,538	$	6,023,592
Net income		67,558		52,591

Pending Acquisition – Transit Energy Group, LLC

On September 9, 2022, the Company entered into a purchase agreement to acquire from Transit Energy Group, LLC (“TEG”) (i) approximately 150 self-operated convenience stores and gas stations, (ii) fuel supply rights to approximately 200 independent dealer locations, (iii) a commercial, government, and industrial business, including certain bulk plants, and (iv) certain distribution and transportation assets, all in the Southeastern United States (the “TEG Acquisition”).

The purchase price for the TEG Acquisition is approximately $375 million plus the value of inventory at the closing, of which $50 million will be deferred and payable in two annual payments of $25 million, which the Company may elect to pay in either cash or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, shares of common stock (the “Installment Shares”), on the first and second anniversaries of the closing. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, at closing, the parties have agreed to enter into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company will agree to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC, registering the Installment Shares, if any, for resale by TEG.

The Company intends to finance from its own sources approximately $60.0 million of the cash consideration payable at closing of the TEG Acquisition plus the value of inventory and other closing adjustments. Oak Street, under the Program

15

Agreement, has agreed to pay the remaining consideration for the fee simple ownership in 106 sites, which the Company will lease from Oak Street.

The closing of the TEG Acquisition is subject to fulfillment of conditions precedent. There can be no assurances that the TEG Acquisition will be consummated on the foregoing terms, if at all.

Pending Acquisition – Pride Convenience Holdings, LLC

On October 19, 2022, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Pride Parent, LLC (“Seller”) to acquire all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in Pride Convenience Holdings, LLC (“Pride”), which operates 31 convenience stores and gas stations in Connecticut and Massachusetts (the “Pride Acquisition”).

The total purchase price for Pride is approximately $230.0 million plus the value of inventory at the closing and subject to certain other closing adjustments. The Company intends to finance from its own sources approximately $28.0 million of the cash consideration plus the value of inventory and other closing adjustments with the balance of the consideration being paid directly to the Seller by Oak Street in accordance with the Program Agreement. Under this arrangement, Oak Street or its affiliates has agreed to pay the remaining consideration to acquire the entity holding certain real estate assets of Pride substantially concurrently with the closing of the Pride Acquisition. The Company expects to lease the real estate assets from Oak Street.

The closing of the Pride Acquisition is subject to fulfillment of conditions precedent. There can be no assurances that the Pride Acquisition will be consummated on the foregoing terms, if at all.

4. Debt

The components of debt were as follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Senior Notes	$	443,457		$	442,889
PNC term loan		—			32,385
M&T debt		50,866			43,392
Capital One line of credit		236,131			195,232
Insurance premium notes		3,120			3,111
Total debt, net	$	733,574		$	717,009
Less current portion		(11,477	)		(40,384	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	722,097		$	676,625

In August 2022, the Company fully repaid GPM Petroleum LP’s outstanding obligations under the term loan with PNC Bank, which was secured by U.S. Treasuries equal to approximately 98% of the outstanding principal amount of such term loan, with the proceeds from the sale of those securities and other cash on hand. Following such repayment, the Company terminated the term loan and security agreement governing such term loan.

5. Leases

As of September 30, 2022, the Company leased 1,120 of the convenience stores that it operates, 169 independent dealer locations, 114 cardlock locations and certain office and storage spaces, including land and buildings in certain cases. Most of the lease agreements are for long-term periods, ranging from 15 to 20 years, and generally include several renewal options for extension periods for five to 25 years each. Additionally, the Company leases certain store equipment, office equipment, automatic tank gauges and fuel dispensers.

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The components of lease cost recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of right-of-use assets	$	3,020	$	3,390	$	9,104	$	10,117
Interest on lease liabilities		4,226		4,348		12,857		13,168
Operating lease costs included in store operating expenses		36,758		32,709		105,411		97,534
Operating lease costs included in general and administrative    expenses		473		425		1,211		1,279
Lease cost related to variable lease payments, short-term    leases and leases of low value assets		602		674		1,815		1,507
Right-of-use asset impairment charges		911		507		911		1,030
Total lease costs	$	45,990	$	42,053	$	131,309	$	124,635

Supplemental balance sheet date related to leases was as follows:

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Operating leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		13.9			14.1
Weighted average discount rate		7.7	%		7.3	%
Financing leases
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		23.5			23.8
Weighted average discount rate		7.2	%		7.3	%

As of September 30, 2022, maturities of lease liabilities for operating lease obligations and finance lease obligations having an initial or remaining non-cancellable lease terms in excess of one year were presented in the table below. The minimum lease payments presented below include periods where an option is reasonably certain to be exercised and do not take into consideration any future consumer price index adjustments for these agreements.

	Operating			Financing
	(in thousands)
October 2022 through September 2023	$	144,419		$	22,363
October 2023 through September 2024		145,600			21,006
October 2024 through September 2025		146,545			21,018
October 2025 through September 2026		146,281			20,745
October 2026 through September 2027		144,038			20,707
Thereafter		1,281,148			430,132
Gross lease payments	$	2,008,031		$	535,971
Less: imputed interest		(810,629	)		(303,048	)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,197,402		$	232,923

6. Financial Derivative Instruments

Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, the Company makes limited use of derivative instruments (futures contracts) to manage certain risks related to diesel fuel prices. The Company does not hold any derivatives for speculative purposes and it does not use derivatives with leveraged or complex features. The Company currently uses derivative instruments that are traded primarily over national exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”). For accounting purposes, the Company has designated its derivative contracts as fair value hedges of firm commitments.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had fuel futures contracts in place to hedge approximately 2.4 million gallons of diesel fuel for which the Company had a firm commitment to purchase. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had an asset derivative with a fair value of approximately $0.7 million recorded in other current assets and a firm commitment with a fair value of approximately $0.7 million recorded in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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As of September 30, 2022, there was no cash collateral provided to counterparties that was classified as restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. All cash flows associated with purchasing and selling fuel derivative instruments are classified as other operating activities, net cash flows in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

7. Equity

The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) declared quarterly dividends of $0.02 per share of common stock paid on March 29, 2022 to stockholders of record as of March 15, 2022, totaling approximately $2.5 million, paid on June 15, 2022 to stockholders of record as of May 31, 2022, totaling approximately $2.4 million, and paid on September 12, 2022 to stockholders of record as of August 29, 2022, totaling approximately $2.4 million. The amount and timing of dividends payable on the common stock are within the sole discretion of the Board, which will evaluate dividend payments within the context of the Company’s overall capital allocation strategy on an ongoing basis, giving consideration to its current and forecast earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors. As a result of the dividends paid on the common stock, the conversion price of the Company’s Series A convertible preferred stock has been adjusted from $12.00 to $11.94 per share, as were the threshold share prices in the Deferred Shares agreement (as defined in Note 10). The Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share of common stock, to be paid on December 6, 2022 to stockholders of record as of November 22, 2022.

In February 2022, the Board authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate of $50 million of outstanding shares of common stock. The share repurchase program does not have a stated expiration date. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 400 and 4.5 million shares of common stock under the repurchase program for approximately $3.3 thousand and $39.0 million, or an average share price of $7.98 and $8.60, respectively.

8. Share-Based Compensation

The Compensation Committee of the Board has approved the grant of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and shares to certain employees, non-employees and members of the Board under the ARKO Corp. 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”). Stock options granted under the Plan expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and the exercise price may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Vesting periods are assigned to stock options and restricted share units on a grant-by-grant basis at the discretion of the Board. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs.

Additionally, a non-employee director may receive RSUs in lieu of up to 100% of his or her cash fees, which RSUs will be settled in common stock upon the director’s departure from the Board or an earlier change in control of the Company. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 99,017 RSUs were issued to non-employee directors with a weighted average grant date fair value of $8.74 per share, or $0.9 million. These awards are included in the table below under restricted stock units. As of September 30, 2022, 188,587 RSUs issued to non-employee directors were outstanding.

The following table summarizes share activity related to stock options and restricted stock units:

	Stock Options		Restricted Stock Units
	(in thousands)
Options Outstanding/Nonvested RSUs, December 31, 2021		126		1,606
Granted		771		1,913
Options Exercised/RSUs released		—		(385	)
Forfeited		—		(19	)
Options Outstanding/Nonvested RSUs, September 30, 2022		897		3,115

The following table summarizes the stock options granted in 2022:

Weighted average fair value	$	2.70
Weighted average exercise price	$	9.11
Remaining average contractual term (years)		9.4

The fair value of each stock option award is estimated by management on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the assumptions utilized in the valuation of the stock option awards granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

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Expected dividend rate	0.9	%
Expected stock price volatility	28.3	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.7	%
Expected term of options (years)	10.0

The expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s peer group’s stock price. The volatilities are estimated for a period of time equal to the expected term of the related option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term. The expected term of the options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is determined by considering the contractual terms, vesting schedule and expectations of future employee behavior.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 693,590 time-vested RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $8.47 per share, or $5.9 million, and vesting over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted a target of 1,120,354 performance-based RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $8.35 per share, or $9.3 million. The 2022 performance-based RSUs were awarded to certain members of senior management in connection with the achievement of specific key financial metrics primarily measured over a three-year period and cliff vest at the end of such period. The number of 2022 performance-based RSUs that will ultimately vest is contingent upon the achievement of these key financial metrics by the end of the performance period. The Company assesses the probability of achieving these metrics on a quarterly basis except for performance-based RSUs with market conditions. For these awards, the Company recognizes the fair value expense ratably over the performance and vesting period. These awards are included in the table above in RSUs Granted.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 13,332 shares of common stock to certain members of senior management, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.58 per share, or $0.1 million, with no vesting period.

Total compensation cost recorded for employees, non-employees and members of the Board for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $3.1 million, $1.6 million, $9.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively, and included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested shares, stock options and RSUs granted was approximately $20.6 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

9. Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	23,494		$	34,085		$	54,635		$	42,032
Dividends on redeemable preferred stock		1,449			1,449			—			—
Change in fair value of Ares Put Option (see Note 10)		(2,425	)		(2,578	)		(1,894	)		(2,899	)
Net income available to common stockholders after assumed   conversions	$	22,518		$	32,956		$	52,741		$	39,133
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic		120,074			124,428			121,950			124,406
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted share units		1,182			234			618			170
Ares warrants		—			—			—			6
Ares Put Option		757			930			959			772
Redeemable preferred stock		8,375			8,333			—			—
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Diluted		130,388			133,925			123,527			125,354
Net income per share available to common stockholders    — Basic	$	0.20		$	0.27		$	0.45		$	0.34
Net income per share available to common stockholders    — Diluted	$	0.17		$	0.25		$	0.43		$	0.31

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The following potential shares of common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been antidilutive:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Stock options		897		126
Ares warrants		1,100		1,100
Public and Private warrants		17,333		17,333

The effect of the potential shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of the redeemable preferred stock was antidilutive for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and such shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share.

10. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments, trade receivables, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 primarily due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. On October 21, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”). Based on market trades of the Senior Notes close to September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (Level 1 fair value measurement), the fair value of the Senior Notes was estimated at approximately $351 million and $436 million, respectively, compared to a gross carrying value of $450 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The fair value of the other long-term debt approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 due to the frequency with which interest rates are reset based on changes in prevailing interest rates. The fair value of fuel futures contracts was determined using NYMEX quoted values.

The contingent consideration from the acquisition of the business of Empire Petroleum Partners, LLC is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $3.8 million and $6.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value methodology for the contingent consideration liability is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. Approximately $0.1 million, $0, $(0.3) million and $0.4 million were recorded as a component of interest and other financial expenses (income) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately $1.6 million, $1.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.7 million of income was recorded as a component of other expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The public warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”), of which approximately 14.7 million were outstanding as of September 30, 2022, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $26.2 million and $23.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Public Warrants is categorized as Level 1. Approximately $5.3 million, $2.5 million, $0.1 million and $10.9 million were recorded as a component of interest and other financial expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Public Warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The private warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Private Warrants”), of which approximately 2.6 million were outstanding as of September 30, 2022, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $5.0 million and $7.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Private Warrants is categorized as Level 2 because certain inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Private Warrants have been recorded at fair value based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:

	September 30, 2022
Expected term (in years)		3.2
Expected dividend rate		0.9	%
Volatility		34.5	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.2	%
Strike price	$	11.50

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For the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants, approximately $1.1 million, $1.0 million, $0.3 million and $2.4 million were recorded as a component of interest and other financial expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Haymaker Founders (as defined in Note 17 to the annual financial statements) will be entitled to up to 200 thousand shares of common stock to be issued subject to the number of incremental shares of common stock issued to the holders of the Series A redeemable preferred stock not being higher than certain thresholds (the “Deferred Shares”). The Deferred Shares are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $1.6 million as of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The fair value methodology for the Deferred Shares is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Deferred Shares have been recorded at fair value based on a Monte Carlo pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:

	September 30, 2022
Expected term (in years)		4.7
Volatility		39.5	%
Risk-free interest rate		4.1	%
Stock price	$	9.39

Approximately $0.2 million, $0.2 million, $0 and $0.2 million were recorded as a component of interest and other financial expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Deferred Shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company entered into an agreement with Ares Capital Corporation (“Ares”) and certain of its affiliates (the “Ares Put Option”), which generally guarantees Ares a value of approximately $27.3 million (including all dividend payments received by Ares) at the end of February 2023 for the shares of common stock that the Company issued in consideration for its acquisition in December 2020 of equity in GPM. The Ares Put Option is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $7.0 million and $8.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Ares Put Option is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Ares Put Option has been recorded at its fair value based on a Monte Carlo pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:

	September 30, 2022
Expected term (in years)	0.4
Volatility		29.9	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.7	%
Strike price	$	12.875

Approximately $2.4 million, $2.6 million, $1.9 million and $2.9 million were recorded as a component of interest and other financial income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Ares Put Option for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

11. Segment Reporting

The reportable segments were determined based on information reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for operational decision-making purposes and the segment information is prepared on the same basis that our chief operating decision maker reviews such financial information. The Company’s reportable segments are retail, wholesale, fleet fueling and GPMP. The Company defines segment earnings as operating income.

The retail segment includes the operation of a chain of retail stores, which includes convenience stores selling fuel products and other merchandise to retail customers. At its Company operated convenience stores, the Company owns the merchandise and fuel inventory and employs personnel to manage the store.

The wholesale segment supplies fuel to independent dealers, sub-wholesalers and bulk and spot purchasers, on either a cost plus or consignment basis. For consignment arrangements, the Company retains ownership of the fuel inventory at the site, is responsible for the pricing of the fuel to the end consumer, and shares the gross profit with the independent dealers.

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The fleet fueling segment, which was added to the Company’s business upon the closing of the Quarles Acquisition on July 22, 2022, includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations), and commissions from the sales of fuel using proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites.

The GPMP segment includes GPM Petroleum LP (“GPMP”) and primarily includes the sale and supply of fuel to GPM and its subsidiaries that sell fuel in the retail and wholesale segments at GPMP’s cost of fuel (including taxes and transportation) plus a fixed margin (currently 5.0 cents per gallon), a fixed fee charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold), and the supply of fuel to a small number of independent dealers and bulk and spot purchasers.

The “All Other” segment includes the results of non-reportable segments which do not meet both quantitative and qualitive criteria as defined under ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The Company revised the composition of the “All Other” segment in the third quarter of 2022 in conjunction with the closing of the Quarles Acquisition.

The majority of general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, net other expenses, net interest and other financial expenses, income taxes and minor other income items including intercompany operating leases are not allocated to the segments.

With the exception of goodwill, assets and liabilities relevant to the reportable segments are not assigned to any particular segment, but rather, managed at the consolidated level. All reportable segment revenues were generated from sites within the United States and substantially all of the Company’s assets were within the United States.

Inter-segment transactions primarily included the distribution of fuel by GPMP to GPM and its subsidiaries that sell fuel (both in the retail and wholesale segments) and charges by GPMP to sites that sell fuel in the fleet fueling segment. The effect of these inter-segment transactions was eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Three Months Ended September 30,   2022	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	1,028,323	$	827,436	$	120,813	$	1,437		$	1,565		$	1,979,574
Merchandise revenue		445,822		—		—		—			—			445,822
Other revenues, net		16,651		5,693		923		261			723			24,251
Total revenues from external   customers		1,490,796		833,129		121,736		1,698			2,288			2,449,647
Inter-segment		—		—		—		1,445,072			857			1,445,929
Total revenues from reportable   segments		1,490,796		833,129		121,736		1,446,770			3,145			3,895,576
Operating income		84,849		10,459		6,629		23,388			245			125,570
Interest and financial expenses, net								(3,209	)		—			(3,209	)
Loss from equity investment											(44	)		(44	)
Net income from reportable segments													$	122,317

	Retail		Wholesale		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	847,869	$	730,847	$	1,643		$	—		$	1,580,359
Merchandise revenue		434,652		—		—			—			434,652
Other revenues, net		14,488		5,275		287			—			20,050
Total revenues from external customers		1,297,009		736,122		1,930			—			2,035,061
Inter-segment		—		—		1,217,622			317			1,217,939
Total revenues from reportable   segments		1,297,009		736,122		1,219,552			317			3,253,000
Operating income		75,285		5,837		24,593			317			106,032
Interest and financial expenses, net						(3,894	)		—			(3,894	)
Income tax expense									(55	)		(55	)
Income from equity investment									85			85
Net income from reportable segments											$	102,168

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	Retail		Wholesale		Fleet Fueling		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,   2022	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	3,000,839	$	2,521,567	$	120,813	$	4,170		$	1,565		$	5,648,954
Merchandise revenue		1,244,558		—		—		—			—			1,244,558
Other revenues, net		49,642		17,148		923		773			723			69,209
Total revenues from external   customers		4,295,039		2,538,715		121,736		4,943			2,288			6,962,721
Inter-segment		—		—		—		4,459,036			1,461			4,460,497
Total revenues from reportable   segments		4,295,039		2,538,715		121,736		4,463,979			3,749			11,423,218
Operating income		202,375		27,658		6,629		65,794			849			303,305
Interest and financial expenses, net								(7,473	)		—			(7,473	)
Income tax benefit											177			177
Loss from equity investment											(7	)		(7	)
Net income from reportable segments													$	296,002

	Retail		Wholesale		GPMP			All Other			Total
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021	(in thousands)
Revenues
Fuel revenue	$	2,192,889	$	1,946,856	$	4,324		$	—		$	4,144,069
Merchandise revenue		1,220,298		—		—			—			1,220,298
Other revenues, net		48,717		15,426		806			—			64,949
Total revenues from external customers		3,461,904		1,962,282		5,130			—			5,429,316
Inter-segment		—		—		3,130,015			951			3,130,966
Total revenues from reportable   segments		3,461,904		1,962,282		3,135,145			951			8,560,282
Operating income		186,847		14,137		68,326			951			270,261
Interest and financial expenses, net						(11,594	)		—			(11,594	)
Income tax expense									(166	)		(166	)
Income from equity investment									105			105
Net income from reportable segments											$	258,606

A reconciliation of total revenues from reportable segments to total revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Total revenues from reportable segments	$	3,895,576		$	3,253,000		$	11,423,218		$	8,560,282
Other revenues, net		—			(38	)		—			(123	)
Elimination of inter-segment revenues		(1,445,929	)		(1,217,939	)		(4,460,497	)		(3,130,966	)
Total revenues	$	2,449,647		$	2,035,023		$	6,962,721		$	5,429,193

A reconciliation of net income from reportable segments to net income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:

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	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Net income from reportable segments	$	122,317		$	102,168		$	296,002		$	258,606
Amounts not allocated to segments:
Other revenues, net		—			(38	)		—			(123	)
Store operating expenses		576			1,118			1,907			2,370
General and administrative expenses		(35,245	)		(31,941	)		(98,521	)		(89,011	)
Depreciation and amortization		(24,218	)		(20,187	)		(69,523	)		(66,017	)
Other (expenses) income, net		(951	)		56			(3,269	)		(2,811	)
Interest and other financial expenses, net		(16,587	)		(10,851	)		(36,241	)		(44,399	)
Income tax expense		(20,898	)		(4,740	)		(31,237	)		(12,119	)
Net income	$	24,994		$	35,585		$	59,118		$	46,496

12. Income Taxes

Internal Entity Realignment and Streamlining

In the third quarter of 2022, the Company, in order to streamline business operations and provide long term synergies and other cost savings, approved an internal restructuring of certain direct and indirect subsidiaries. The internal restructuring involves a series of steps, the majority of which were completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022. As part of the internal restructuring plan, the tax status of certain subsidiaries changed from nontaxable to taxable. Accordingly, the recognition and derecognition of certain deferred taxes are reflected in the continuing operations at the date the change in tax status occurs. The Company recorded a one-time non-cash tax expense in the amount of approximately $8.7 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 in connection with the internal restructuring. The recording of this deferred tax expense aligned the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at the time of the change in status.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Liabilities and Contingencies

The Company is subject to certain federal and state environmental laws and regulations associated with sites at which it stores and sells fuel and other fuel products, as well as at owned and leased locations leased or subleased to independent dealers. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, environmental obligations totaled $12.5 million and $12.9 million, respectively. These amounts were recorded as other current and non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Environmental reserves have been established on an undiscounted basis based upon internal and external estimates in regard to each site. It is reasonably possible that these amounts will be adjusted in the future due to changes in estimates of environmental remediation costs, the timing of the payments or changes in federal and/or state environmental regulations.

The Company maintains certain environmental insurance policies and participates in various state underground storage tank funds that entitle it to be reimbursed for environmental loss mitigation. Estimated amounts that will be recovered from its insurance policies and various state funds for the exposures totaled $4.9 million as of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and were recorded as other current and non-current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Purchase Commitments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into various purchase agreements related to its fuel supply, which include varying volume commitments. In light of the reduction in the number of gallons sold since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain of the Company’s principal fuel suppliers have waived the requirements under their agreements with the Company to purchase minimum quantities of gallons, including such requirements under the incentive agreements from such suppliers. As of September 30, 2022, the reduction in gallons sold did not affect the Company’s compliance with its commitments under the agreements with its principal suppliers.

Asset Retirement Obligations

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As part of the fuel operations at its operated convenience stores, at most of the other owned and leased locations leased to independent dealers, and certain other independent dealer locations and proprietary cardlock locations, there are underground storage tanks for which the Company is responsible. The future cost to remove an underground storage tank is recognized over the estimated remaining useful life of the underground storage tank or the termination of the applicable lease. A liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation with a corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset is recorded at the time an underground storage tank is installed. The estimated liability is based upon historical experience in removing underground storage tanks, estimated tank useful lives, external estimates as to the cost to remove the tanks in the future and current and anticipated federal and state regulatory requirements governing the removal of tanks, and discounted. The Company has recorded an asset retirement obligation of $64.1 million and $58.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The current portion of the asset retirement obligation is included in other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Program Agreement

In April 2022, GPM, together with an affiliate of Oak Street, entered into an amendment to the Program Agreement, which extended the term of the Program Agreement from one to two years and provides for up to $1.15 billion of capacity for the acquisition of convenience store and gas station real property by Oak Street, subject to the conditions contained in the Program Agreement, during the second year of the term, in addition to the approximately $130 million of funding utilized in July 2022 as described in Note 3, which is inclusive of purchase agreements that the Company or an affiliate thereof may from time to time enter into to acquire convenience stores and gas station real property from third-parties. The term of the Program Agreement, as amended, extends through May 2, 2023.

Legal Matters

The Company is a party to various legal actions, as both plaintiff and defendant, in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s management believes, based on estimations with support from legal counsel for these matters, that these legal actions are routine in nature and incidental to the operation of the Company’s business and that it is not reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

14. Related Party Transactions

There have been no material changes to the description of related party transactions as set forth in the annual financial statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

You should read this discussion together with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, related notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q together with our audited consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Form 10-K”). The following discussion contains assumptions, estimates and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Risk Factors,” in Part I, Item 1A of the Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and as described from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

ARKO Corp. was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on August 26, 2020. Our shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“common stock”), and publicly-traded warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) and trade under the symbols “ARKO” and “ARKOW,” respectively. GPM Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as GPM, is our operating entity and our indirect wholly owned subsidiary.

Based in Richmond, VA, we are a leading independent convenience store operator and, as of September 30, 2022, we were the sixth largest convenience store chain in the United States (“U.S.”) ranked by store count, operating 1,383 retail convenience stores. As of September 30, 2022, we operated the stores under 19 regional store brands including 1-Stop, Admiral, Apple Market®, BreadBox, ExpressStop, E-Z Mart®, fas mart®, fastmarket®, Handy Mart, Jiffi Stop®, Jiffy Stop, Li’l Cricket, Next Door Store®, Roadrunner Markets, Rstore, Scotchman®, shore stop®, Town Star, Village Pantry® and Young’s. As of September 30, 2022, we also supplied fuel to 1,670 independent dealers and operated 183 cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations) acquired in the Quarles Acquisition (as defined below), which closed on July 22, 2022. We are well diversified geographically and as of September 30, 2022, operated across 33 states and the District of Columbia in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southwestern United States.

Our primary business is as a convenience store operator. As such, we derive a significant portion of our revenue from the retail sale of fuel and the products offered in our stores, resulting in our retail stores generating a large proportion of our profitability. Our retail stores offer a wide array of cold and hot foodservice, beverages, cigarettes and other tobacco products, candy, salty snacks, grocery, beer and general merchandise. We have foodservice offerings at over 400 company-operated stores. The foodservice category includes hot and fresh foods, deli, fried chicken, bakery, pizza, roller grill items and other prepared foods. In addition, we operate over 90 branded quick service restaurants consisting of major national brands. We are currently continuing to work on expanding our pizza offerings through Sbarro, the Original New York Pizza, and other potential opportunities that we hope to introduce in the near future. Year to date, we have opened 13 Sbarro locations in 2022 and plan to open an additional five locations this quarter. We offer a value food menu consisting of items such as hot dogs and chicken sandwiches. Additionally, we provide a number of traditional convenience store services that generate additional income, including lottery, prepaid products, gift cards, money orders, ATMs, gaming, and other ancillary product and service offerings. We also generate revenues from car washes at approximately 90 of our locations.

We also derive revenue from the wholesale distribution of fuel and the sale of fuel at cardlock locations, and we earn commissions from the sales of fuel using proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites. We believe these revenues result in stable, ratable cash flows which can quickly be deployed to pursue accretive acquisitions and investments in our retail stores. Additionally, these locations contribute to our overall size, which leads to economies of scale with our fuel and merchandise vendors.

Our reportable segments are described below.

Retail Segment

The retail segment includes the operation of a chain of retail stores, which includes convenience stores selling fuel products and other merchandise to retail customers. At our convenience stores, we own the merchandise and fuel inventory and employ personnel to manage the store.

Wholesale Segment

The wholesale segment supplies fuel to independent dealers on either a cost plus or consignment basis. For consignment arrangements, we retain ownership of the fuel inventory at the site, are responsible for the pricing of the fuel to the end consumer and

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share a portion of the gross profit earned from the sale of fuel by the consignment dealers. For cost plus arrangements, we sell fuel to independent dealers and bulk purchasers on a fixed-fee basis. The sales price to the independent dealer is determined according to the terms of the relevant agreement with the independent dealer, which typically reflects our total fuel costs plus the cost of transportation, prompt pay discounts, rebates and a margin.

Fleet Fueling Segment

The Quarles Acquisition (as defined below), which closed on July 22, 2022, added fleet fueling to our business, which includes the operation of proprietary and third-party cardlock locations (unstaffed fueling locations), and issuance of proprietary fuel cards that provide customers access to a nationwide network of fueling sites.

GPMP Segment

The GPMP segment includes the operations of GPM Petroleum LP, referred to as GPMP, which primarily sells and supplies fuel to GPM and its subsidiaries’ fuel-selling sites in the retail and wholesale segments at GPMP’s cost of fuel (including taxes and transportation) plus a fixed margin and a fixed fee charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment.

Trends Impacting Our Business

We have achieved strong store growth over the last several years, primarily by implementing a highly successful acquisition strategy. From 2013 through September 30, 2022, we completed 21 acquisitions. In July 2022, we completed our acquisition of 121 proprietary Quarles-branded cardlock sites and management of 63 third-party cardlock sites for fleet fueling operations, 46 independent dealer locations and a small transportation fleet (the “Quarles Acquisition”), which comprises a complementary business from which we believe we can grow and expand the Company’s fleet fueling platform (see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Our store count has grown from 320 sites in 2011 to 3,236 sites as of September 30, 2022, of which 1,383 were operated as retail convenience stores, 1,670 were locations at which we supplied fuel to independent dealers and 183 were cardlock locations. These strategic acquisitions have had, and we expect will continue to have, a significant impact on our reported results and can make period to period comparisons of results difficult. In November 2021, we completed our acquisition of 36 Handy Mart retail convenience stores (the “Handy Mart Acquisition”), and in May 2021, we completed our acquisition of 60 ExpressStop retail convenience stores (collectively, the “2021 Acquisitions”). With our achievement of significant size and scale, we have enhanced our focus on organic growth, including implementing company-wide marketing and merchandising initiatives, which we believe will result in significant value accretion to all the assets we have acquired.

The following table provides a history of our acquisitions, conversions and closings for the periods noted, for the retail, wholesale and fleet fueling segments:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Segment	2022			2021			2022			2021
Number of sites at beginning of period		1,388			1,381			1,406			1,330
Acquired sites		—			—			—			61
Newly opened or reopened sites		—			—			—			1
Company-controlled sites converted to consignment    locations or fuel supply locations, net		(2	)		—			(9	)		(3	)
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(3	)		(2	)		(14	)		(10	)
Number of sites at end of period		1,383			1,379			1,383			1,379

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Wholesale Segment 1	2022			2021			2022			2021
Number of sites at beginning of period		1,620			1,610			1,628			1,597
Acquired sites		46			—			46			—
Newly opened or reopened sites 2		20			27			60			61
Consignment or fuel supply locations    converted from Company-controlled sites, net		2			—			9			3
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(18	)		(4	)		(73	)		(28	)
Number of sites at end of period		1,670			1,633			1,670			1,633

1 Excludes bulk and spot purchasers.

2 Includes all signed fuel supply agreements irrespective of fuel distribution commencement date.

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	For the Three and Nine Months Ended
Fleet Fueling Segment	September 30, 2022
Number of sites at beginning of period		—
Acquired sites		184
Closed, relocated or divested sites		(1	)
Number of sites at end of period		183

There has been an ongoing trend in the convenience store industry focused on increasing and improving in-store foodservice offerings, including fresh foods, quick service restaurants or proprietary food offerings. We believe consumers may be more likely to patronize convenience stores that include such new and improved food offerings, which may also lead to increased inside merchandise sales or fuel sales for such stores. Our current foodservice offering, which varies by store, primarily consists of hot and fresh foods, deli, fried chicken, bakery, pizza, roller grill items and other prepared foods. We have historically relied upon a limited number of franchised quick service restaurants and in-store delis to drive customer traffic rather than other types of foodservice offerings. As a result, we believe that our under-penetration of foodservice presents an opportunity to expand foodservice offerings and margin in response to changing consumer behavior. In addition, we believe that continued investment in new technology platforms and applications to adapt to evolving consumer eating preferences, including contactless checkout, order ahead service, and delivery, will further drive growth in profitability.

Our results of operation are significantly impacted by the retail fuel margins we receive on gallons sold. While we expect our same store fuel sales volumes to remain stable over time, even though they have been negatively impacted by COVID-19, and the fuel margins we realize on those sales to remain stable, these fuel margins can change rapidly as they are influenced by many factors including: the price of refined products; interruptions in supply caused by severe weather; supply chain disruptions; refinery mechanical failures; and competition in the local markets in which we operate.

The cost of our main products, gasoline and diesel fuel, is greatly impacted by the wholesale cost of fuel in the United States. We attempt to pass wholesale fuel cost changes through to our customers through retail price changes; however, we are not always able to do so. Competitive conditions primarily affect the timing of any related increase or decrease in retail prices. As a result, we tend to experience lower fuel margins when the cost of fuel is increasing gradually over a longer period and higher fuel margins when the cost of fuel is declining or more volatile over a shorter period of time. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, we experienced historically high fuel margins as a result of the volatile market for gasoline and diesel fuel. Depending on future market and geopolitical conditions, the supply of fuel, including diesel fuel in particular, may become constrained. We maintain terminal storage of diesel fuel for short-term supply needs.

Additionally, the United States economy has continued to experience inflationary pressures, which reduces consumer purchasing power. If this trend continues or increases, it could impact demand and seasonal travel patterns, which could reduce future sales volumes.

We also operate in a highly competitive retail convenience market that includes businesses with operations and services that are similar to those that we provide. We face significant competition from other large chain operators. In particular, large convenience store chains have increased their number of locations and remodeled their existing locations in recent years, enhancing their competitive position. We believe that convenience stores managed by individual operators who offer branded or non-branded fuel are also significant competitors in the market. The convenience store industry is also experiencing competition from other retail sectors including grocery stores, large warehouse retail stores, dollar stores and pharmacies.

Business Highlights

Increased merchandise contribution and fuel contribution at same stores combined with an increase in fuel contribution in our wholesale segment positively impacted our results of operations during the third quarter of 2022. In addition, the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition contributed to the improvement in our results of operations for the third quarter of 2022, as compared to the third quarter of 2021. Store operating expenses increased in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to higher personnel costs and credit card fees. General and administrative expenses also increased in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily as a result of expenses associated with the Quarles Acquisition, wage increases and share-based compensation expense.

COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, our locations have continued to operate and have remained open to the public because convenience store operations and gas stations have been

28

deemed essential businesses by numerous federal and state authorities, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and therefore were exempt from many of the closure orders that were imposed on other U.S. businesses.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the frequency of customer visits and the number of gallons sold at our sites, however, we have seen increases in fuel margin and merchandise basket which more than offset this reduction. Additionally, our corporate offices transitioned primarily to remote work, and we believe this has allowed us to maintain or increase productivity since March 2020 while expanding the hiring universe for corporate roles nationwide. While we have seen shortages in labor and supply chain disruptions that have increased our operating costs, we have addressed these shortages and disruptions through several hiring initiatives and leveraging our strong partnerships with our suppliers. There continues to be a high level of uncertainty relating to how the pandemic will evolve, and how governments and consumers will react. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, a resumption of high levels of infection and hospitalization, new variants of the virus, the resulting impact on our employees, customers, suppliers, and vendors, supply chain disruptions and the remedial actions and any stimulus measures adopted by federal, state, and local governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions are impacted. Therefore, we cannot reasonably estimate the future impact at this time.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal, and our operating income in the second and third quarters has historically been significantly greater than in the first and fourth quarters as a result of the generally improved climate and seasonal buying patterns of our customers. Inclement weather, especially in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States during the winter months, can negatively impact our financial results.

Results of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation have been prepared using our condensed consolidated interim financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with such condensed interim consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Consolidated Results

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The table below shows our consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, together with certain key metrics.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	1,979,574		$	1,580,359		$	5,648,954		$	4,144,069
Merchandise revenue		445,822			434,652			1,244,558			1,220,298
Other revenues, net		24,251			20,012			69,209			64,826
Total revenues		2,449,647			2,035,023			6,962,721			5,429,193
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,824,437			1,459,664			5,250,105			3,819,571
Merchandise costs		306,930			301,533			866,110			866,239
Store operating expenses		189,582			164,432			534,197			464,038
General and administrative		35,954			32,696			100,695			91,270
Depreciation and amortization		26,061			22,031			75,050			71,546
Total operating expenses		2,382,964			1,980,356			6,826,157			5,312,664
Other expenses (income), net		951			(56	)		3,269			2,811
Operating income		65,732			54,723			133,295			113,718
Interest and other financial expenses, net		(19,796	)		(14,428	)		(43,110	)		(55,042	)
Income before income taxes		45,936			40,295			90,185			58,676
Income tax expense		(20,898	)		(4,795	)		(31,060	)		(12,285	)
(Loss) income from equity investment		(44	)		85			(7	)		105
Net income	$	24,994		$	35,585		$	59,118		$	46,496
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		51			51			182			179
Net income attributable to ARKO Corp.	$	24,943		$	35,534		$	58,936		$	46,317
Series A redeemable preferred stock dividends		(1,449	)		(1,449	)		(4,301	)		(4,285	)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	23,494		$	34,085		$	54,635		$	42,032
Fuel gallons sold		520,662			539,202			1,462,388			1,509,909
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1		29.8			22.4			27.3			21.5
Merchandise contribution2		138,892			133,119		$	378,448		$	354,059
Merchandise margin3		31.2	%		30.6	%		30.4	%		29.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA4		99,468			80,183			228,621		$	198,203

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold.

2 Calculated as merchandise revenue less merchandise costs.

3 Calculated as merchandise contribution divided by merchandise revenue.

4 Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $399.2 million, or 25.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable primarily to a significant increase in the average price of fuel compared to the third quarter of 2021, as well as incremental gallons sold related to the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition, which was partially offset by fewer gallons sold at same stores in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise revenue increased by $11.2 million, or 2.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to the Handy Mart Acquisition and an increase in same store merchandise revenues. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that we closed or converted to dealer-operated sites.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other revenue increased by $4.2 million, or 21.2%, compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to additional revenue from the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition and an increase in income from gaming machines.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, total operating expenses increased by $402.6 million, or 20.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2021. Fuel costs increased $364.8 million, or 25.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2021 due to fuel sold at higher average costs, partially offset by lower volumes. Merchandise costs increased $5.4 million, or 1.8%, compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to increased costs related to the Handy Mart Acquisition and a corresponding increase in same store merchandise sales. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses increased $25.2 million, or 15.3%,

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compared to the third quarter of 2021 due to incremental expenses as a result of the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition and an increase in expenses at same stores.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, general and administrative expenses increased $3.3 million, or 10.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to expenses associated with the Quarles Acquisition, annual wage increases, share-based compensation expense, higher transportation costs and non-recurring costs related to the internal entity realignment and streamlining (see Note 12 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and other legal costs.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $4.0 million, or 18.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to assets acquired in the previous twelve month period, largely in connection with the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other expenses, net increased by $1.0 million, compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to an increase in acquisition costs and greater losses on disposal of assets and impairment charges in the third quarter of 2022 which was partially offset by greater income recorded for the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration in the third quarter of 2022.

Operating income was $65.7 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $54.7 million for the third quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily due to strong fuel and merchandise results along with incremental income from the Quarles Acquisition and the Handy Mart Acquisition, which was partially offset by an increase in store operating expenses and general and administrative expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, interest and other financial expenses, net increased by $5.4 million compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily related to an increase of $2.9 million in expense recorded for fair value adjustments for the Public Warrants, Private Warrants and Deferred Shares (each as defined in Note 10 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), as well as lower rate debt outstanding in 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, income tax expense was $20.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively, which increase was due in part to a one-time non-cash tax expense in the amount of approximately $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 the Company recorded in connection with the internal entity realignment and streamlining and recording of a tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2021 of approximately $5.5 million as a result of releasing a valuation allowance previously recorded.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, net income attributable to the Company was $24.9 million and $35.5 million, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA was $99.5 million compared to $80.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The Quarles Acquisition contributed approximately $8.0 million of Adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2022, and the Handy Mart Acquisition contributed approximately $3.8 million of incremental Adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2022. Increased merchandise contribution and fuel contribution in both the retail and wholesale segments also positively impacted Adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter of 2022, as compared to the third quarter of 2021, which was partially offset by higher personnel costs, higher credit card fees related to an increase in the retail price of fuel and an increase in general and administrative expenses primarily related to expenses associated with the Quarles Acquisition. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $1,504.9 million, or 36.3%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable primarily to a significant increase in the average price of fuel compared to the first three quarters of 2021, as well as incremental gallons sold related to the Quarles Acquisition and the 2021 Acquisitions, which was partially offset by fewer gallons sold at same stores in the first three quarters of 2022 compared to the first three quarters of 2021.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise revenue increased by $24.3 million, or 2.0%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to the 2021 Acquisitions. Offsetting these increases were decreases in same store merchandise sales and merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that we closed or converted to dealer-operated sites.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other revenue increased by $4.4 million, or 6.8%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to additional revenue from the Quarles Acquisition and the 2021 Acquisitions and an increase in income from gaming machines, which was partially offset by lower lottery commissions.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total operating expenses increased by $1,513.5 million, or 28.5%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021. Fuel costs increased $1,430.5 million, or 37.5%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021 due to fuel sold at higher average cost, partially offset by lower volumes. Merchandise costs were similar with those in the first three quarters of 2021, as the decrease in same store merchandise sales was offset by increased costs related to the 2021 Acquisitions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses increased $70.2 million, or 15.1%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021 due to incremental expenses as a result of the Quarles Acquisition and the 2021 Acquisitions and an increase in expenses at same stores.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, general and administrative expenses increased $9.4 million, or 10.3%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021, primarily due to expenses associated with the Quarles Acquisition, annual wage increases, share-based compensation expense, higher transportation costs and non-recurring costs related to the internal entity realignment and streamlining and other legal costs.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $3.5 million, or 4.9%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to assets acquired in the previous twelve month period, largely in connection with the Quarles Acquisition and the 2021 Acquisitions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other expenses, net increased by $0.5 million compared to the first three quarters of 2021, primarily due to higher acquisition costs and greater on losses on disposal of assets and impairment charges in the first three quarters of 2022 which was partially offset by greater income recorded for the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration in the first three quarters of 2022.

Operating income was $133.3 million for the first three quarters of 2022 compared to $113.7 million for the first three quarters of 2021. The increase was primarily due to strong fuel and merchandise results along with incremental income from the Quarles Acquisition and the 2021 Acquisitions which was partially offset by an increase in store operating expenses and general and administrative expenses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, interest and other financial expenses, net decreased by $11.9 million compared to the first three quarters of 2021, primarily related to a reduction of $13.1 million in expenses recorded for fair value adjustments for the Public Warrants, Private Warrants and Deferred Shares, which were partially offset by a net period-over-period decrease in foreign currency gains recorded of $1.4 million and lower rate debt outstanding in 2021. In addition, $4.5 million of additional interest expense was recorded in the first quarter of 2021 for the early redemption of the Bonds (Series C).

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, income tax expense was $31.1 million and $12.3 million, respectively, which increase was due in part to a one-time non-cash tax expense in the amount of approximately $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 the Company recorded in connection with the internal entity realignment and streamlining and recording of a tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 of approximately $5.5 million as a result of releasing a valuation allowance previously recorded.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, net income attributable to the Company was $58.9 million and $46.3 million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA was $228.6 million compared to $198.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Quarles Acquisition contributed approximately $8.0 million of Adjusted EBITDA and the 2021 Acquisitions contributed approximately $12.1 million of incremental Adjusted EBITDA both for the first three quarters of 2022. Increased merchandise contribution and fuel contribution in both the retail and wholesale segments also positively impacted Adjusted EBITDA for the first three quarters of 2022, as compared to the first three quarters of 2021, which was partially offset by higher personnel costs, higher credit card fees related to an increase in the retail price of fuel and an increase in general and administrative expenses primarily related to annual wage increases and expenses associated with the Quarles Acquisition. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this non-GAAP performance measure and related reconciliation to net income.

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Segment Results

Retail Segment

The table below shows the results of the retail segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, together with certain key metrics for the segment.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	1,028,323		$	847,869		$	3,000,839		$	2,192,889
Merchandise revenue		445,822			434,652			1,244,558			1,220,298
Other revenues, net		16,651			14,488			49,642			48,717
Total revenues		1,490,796			1,297,009			4,295,039			3,461,904
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		923,966			765,190			2,726,662			1,971,278
Merchandise costs		306,930			301,533			866,110			866,239
Store operating expenses		175,051			155,001			499,892			437,540
Total operating expenses		1,405,947			1,221,724			4,092,664			3,275,057
Operating income	$	84,849		$	75,285		$	202,375		$	186,847
Fuel gallons sold		262,010			280,079			754,811			771,158
Same store fuel gallons sold decrease (%)1		(9.7	%)		(1.4	%)		(8.0	%)		(1.6	%)
Fuel margin, cents per gallon2		44.8			34.5			41.3			33.7
Same store merchandise sales increase (decrease) (%)1		0.7	%		(1.3	%)		(1.8	%)		2.1	%
Same store merchandise sales excluding cigarettes    increase (%)1		4.3	%		1.8	%		2.0	%		4.8	%
Merchandise contribution3	$	138,892		$	133,119		$	378,448		$	354,059
Merchandise margin4		31.2	%		30.6	%		30.4	%		29.0	%

1 Same store is a common metric used in the convenience store industry. We consider a store a same store beginning in the first quarter in which the store had a full quarter of activity in the prior year. Refer to “Use of Non-GAAP Measures” below for discussion of this measure.

2 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed margin paid to GPMP for the cost of fuel.

3 Calculated as merchandise revenue less merchandise costs.

4 Calculated as merchandise contribution divided by merchandise revenue.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Retail Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $180.5 million, or 21.3%, compared to the third quarter of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to a $0.89 per gallon increase in the average retail price of fuel in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, which was offset by a decrease in gallons sold at same stores of approximately 9.7%, or 26.4 million gallons, primarily due to managing both volume and margin to optimize overall fuel margin dollars. Additionally, the Handy Mart Acquisition contributed 13.8 million gallons sold, or $52.2 million in fuel revenue. Underperforming retail stores, which were closed or converted to independent dealers over the last 12 months in order to optimize profitability, negatively impacted gallons sold during the third quarter of 2022.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise revenue increased by $11.2 million, or 2.6%, compared to the third quarter of 2021. The Handy Mart Acquisition contributed approximately $15.3 million of merchandise revenue. Same store merchandise sales increased $3.0 million, or 0.7%, for the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021. Same store merchandise sales increased primarily due to higher packaged beverages, center-store items, beer and wine, other tobacco products and franchise revenue as a result of marketing initiatives, including expanded category assortments, new franchise locations and investments in coolers and freezers, which was partially offset by lower revenue from cigarettes and reduced demand for essential products. In addition, there was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to independent dealers.

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For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other revenues, net increased by $2.2 million, or 14.9%, compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily related to an increase in income from gaming machines.

Retail Operating Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel margin increased compared to the same period in 2021, primarily related to incremental fuel profit from the Handy Mart Acquisition of approximately $4.4 million and an increase in same store fuel profit of $17.8 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). Fuel margin per gallon at same stores for the third quarter of 2022 was 45.6 cents per gallon, as compared to 34.6 cents per gallon for the third quarter of 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise contribution increased $5.8 million, or 4.3%, compared to the same period in 2021, and merchandise margin increased to 31.2% as compared to 30.6% in the prior period. The increase was due to $5.2 million in merchandise contribution from the Handy Mart Acquisition and an increase in merchandise contribution at same stores of $2.6 million. Merchandise contribution at same stores increased in the third quarter of 2022 primarily due to higher contribution from packaged beverages, center-store items, beer and wine, and franchises, which was partially offset by lower contribution from cigarettes. Merchandise margin at same stores was 30.9% in the third quarter of 2022 compared to 30.5% in the third quarter of 2021.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses increased $20.1 million, or 12.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to $6.8 million of expenses related to the Handy Mart Acquisition and an increase in expenses at same stores, including $10.3 million of higher personnel costs, or 17.4%, and $2.8 million higher credit card fees, or 13.9%, due to higher retail prices. The increase in store operating expenses was partially offset by underperforming retail stores that we closed or converted to independent dealers.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

Retail Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $808.0 million, or 36.8%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to a $1.14 per gallon increase in the average retail price of fuel in the first three quarters of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, which was offset by a decrease in gallons sold at same stores of approximately 8.0%, or 59.8 million gallons, primarily due to managing both volume and margin to optimize overall fuel margin dollars. Additionally, the 2021 Acquisitions contributed an incremental 54.5 million gallons sold, or $220.6 million in fuel revenue. Underperforming retail stores, which were closed or converted to independent dealers over the last 12 months in order to optimize profitability, negatively impacted gallons sold during the first three quarters of 2022.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise revenue increased by $24.3 million, or 2.0%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021. The 2021 Acquisitions contributed approximately $61.3 million of incremental merchandise revenue. Same store merchandise sales decreased $20.9 million, or 1.8%, for the first three quarters of 2022 compared to the first three quarters of 2021. Same store merchandise sales decreased primarily due to lower revenue from cigarettes and reduced demand for essential products, which was partially offset by higher packaged beverages, center-store items, frozen food, beer and wine, other tobacco products and franchise revenue as a result of marketing initiatives, including expanded category assortments, new franchise locations and investments in coolers and freezers. In addition, there was a decrease in merchandise revenue from underperforming retail stores that were closed or converted to independent dealers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other revenues, net increased by $0.9 million, or 1.9%, compared to the first three quarters of 2021, primarily related to an increase in income from gaming machines and additional revenue from the 2021 Acquisitions, which were partially offset by lower lottery commissions.

Retail Operating Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel margin increased compared to the same period in 2021, primarily related to incremental fuel profit from the 2021 Acquisitions of approximately $18.4 million and an increase in same store fuel profit of $36.1 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP). Fuel margin per gallon at same stores for the first three quarters of 2022 was 42.1 cents per gallon, as compared to 33.9 cents per gallon for the first three quarters of 2021.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, merchandise contribution increased $24.4 million, or 6.9%, compared to the same period in 2021, and merchandise margin increased to 30.4% as compared to 29.0% in the prior period. The increase was due to $18.7 million in incremental merchandise contribution from the 2021 Acquisitions and an increase in merchandise contribution at same stores of $9.9 million. Merchandise contribution at same stores increased in the first three quarters of 2022 primarily due to higher contribution from packaged beverages, center-store items, beer and wine, other tobacco products and franchises which was

34

partially offset by lower contribution from cigarettes. Merchandise margin at same stores was 30.2% in the first three quarters of 2022 compared to 28.9% in the first three quarters of 2021.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses increased $62.4 million, or 14.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to approximately $29 million of incremental expenses related to the 2021 Acquisitions and an increase in expenses at same stores, including $25.0 million of higher personnel costs, or 15.2%, and $9.8 million of higher credit card fees, or 18.4%, due to higher retail prices. The increase in store operating expenses were partially offset by underperforming retail stores that we closed or converted to independent dealers.

Wholesale Segment

The table below shows the results of the wholesale segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, together with certain key metrics for the segment.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:					(in thousands)
Fuel revenue	$	827,436	$	730,847	$	2,521,567	$	1,946,856
Other revenues, net		5,693		5,275		17,148		15,426
Total revenues		833,129		736,122		2,538,715		1,962,282
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		812,336		719,736		2,479,618		1,919,277
Store operating expenses		10,334		10,549		31,439		28,868
Total operating expenses		822,670		730,285		2,511,057		1,948,145
Operating income	$	10,459	$	5,837	$	27,658	$	14,137
Fuel gallons sold – fuel supply locations		189,537		215,428		563,642		613,834
Fuel gallons sold – consignment agent locations		41,145		42,970		115,138		122,845
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – fuel supply locations		6.9		5.8		7.0		5.5
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – consignment agent locations		32.7		26.9		31.4		24.9

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed margin paid to GPMP for the cost of fuel.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Wholesale Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $96.6 million, or 13.2%, compared to the third quarter of 2021. Wholesale revenues benefited from a significant increase in the average price of fuel in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021, which was partially offset by a 10.7% reduction in gallons sold. Of total gallons sold, the Quarles Acquisition contributed 5.0 million. Of the total increase in fuel revenue, approximately $71.7 million of the increase was attributable to fuel supply locations.

Wholesale Operating Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel contribution increased approximately $2.6 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), of which approximately $1.0 million was attributable to the Quarles Acquisition. At fuel supply locations, fuel contribution increased by $0.9 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin increased over the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to contribution from the Quarles Acquisition, greater prompt pay discounts related to higher fuel costs and greater fuel rebates. At consignment agent locations, fuel contribution increased $1.7 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) and fuel margin also increased over the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to contribution from the Quarles Acquisition, greater prompt pay discounts related to higher fuel costs, greater fuel rebates and improved rack-to-retail margins.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses decreased $0.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

Wholesale Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $574.7 million compared to the first three quarters of 2021. Wholesale revenues benefited from a significant increase in the average price of fuel in the first three quarters of 2022 as compared to the first three quarters of 2021, which was partially offset by a 7.9% reduction in gallons sold. Of total gallons sold, the Quarles Acquisition contributed 5.0 million. Of the total increase in fuel revenue, approximately $472.4 million of the increase was attributable to fuel supply locations.

Wholesale Operating Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel contribution increased approximately $11.5 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), of which approximately $1.0 million was attributable to the Quarles Acquisition. At fuel supply locations, fuel contribution increased by $6.0 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and fuel margin increased over the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to greater prompt pay discounts related to higher fuel costs, greater fuel rebates and contribution from the Quarles Acquisition. At consignment agent locations, fuel contribution increased $5.5 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP) and fuel margin also increased over the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to greater prompt pay discounts related to higher fuel costs, greater fuel rebates, improved rack-to-retail margins and contribution from the Quarles Acquisition.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, store operating expenses increased $2.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Fleet Fueling Segment

The table below shows the results of the fleet fueling segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, together with certain key metrics for the segment. Because we added the fleet fueling segment only upon consummation of the Quarles Acquisition in July 2022, results for this segment are the same for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and there are no comparable periods in 2021.

	For the Three and Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022
Revenues:
Fuel revenue	$	120,813
Other revenues, net		923
Total revenues		121,736
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		111,162
Store operating expenses		3,945
Total operating expenses		115,107
Operating income	$	6,629
Fuel gallons sold – proprietary cardlock locations		26,064
Fuel gallons sold – third-party cardlock locations		1,297
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – proprietary cardlock locations		41.8
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1 – third-party cardlock locations		4.8

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold; excludes the estimated fixed fee charged by GPMP to sites in the fleet fueling segment.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Fleet Fueling Revenues

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue was positively impacted by a high average price of diesel fuel in the third quarter of 2022.

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Fleet Fueling Operating Income

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel contribution was approximately $11.0 million (excluding intercompany charges by GPMP), and was positively impacted by historically high rack-to-retail margins.

GPMP Segment

The table below shows the results of the GPMP segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, together with certain key metrics for the segment.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:	(in thousands)
Fuel revenue - inter-segment	$	1,443,638	$	1,217,622	$	4,457,602	$	3,130,015
Fuel revenue - external customers		1,437		1,643		4,170		4,324
Other revenues, net		261		287		773		806
Other revenues, net - inter-segment		1,434		—		1,434		—
Total revenues		1,446,770		1,219,552		4,463,979		3,135,145
Operating expenses:
Fuel costs		1,420,830		1,192,360		4,390,484		3,059,031
General and administrative expenses		709		755		2,174		2,259
Depreciation and amortization		1,843		1,844		5,527		5,529
Total operating expenses		1,423,382		1,194,959		4,398,185		3,066,819
Operating income	$	23,388	$	24,593	$	65,794	$	68,326
Fuel gallons sold - inter-segment		484,734		537,911		1,424,201		1,505,300
Fuel gallons sold - external customers		443		725		1,270		2,072
Fuel margin, cents per gallon1		5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0

1 Calculated as fuel revenue less fuel costs divided by fuel gallons sold.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

GPMP Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $225.8 million compared to the third quarter of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to a significant increase in the average price of fuel, which was partially offset by a decrease in gallons sold as compared to the third quarter of 2021.

For both the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, other revenues, net were $0.3 million, and primarily related to rental income from certain sites leased to independent dealers. Inter-segment other revenues, net related to the fixed fee primarily charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold) which began in July 2022.

GPMP Operating Income

Fuel margin decreased by $2.7 million for the third quarter of 2022, as compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to fewer gallons sold to the retail and wholesale segments at a fixed margin.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, total general, administrative, depreciation and amortization expenses were similar with those in the comparable prior year period.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

GPMP Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, fuel revenue increased by $1,327.4 million compared to the first three quarters of 2021. The increase in fuel revenue was attributable to a significant increase in the average price of fuel, which was partially offset by a decrease in gallons sold as compared to the first three quarters of 2021.

For both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, other revenues, net were $0.8 million, and primarily related to rental income from certain sites leased to independent dealers. Inter-segment other revenues, net related to the fixed fee primarily charged to sites in the fleet fueling segment (currently 5.0 cents per gallon sold) which began in July 2022.

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GPMP Operating Income

Fuel margin decreased by $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to fewer gallons sold to the retail and wholesale segments at a fixed margin.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total general, administrative, depreciation and amortization expenses were similar with those in the comparable prior year period.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures

We disclose certain measures on a “same store basis,” which is a non-GAAP measure. Information disclosed on a “same store basis” excludes the results of any store that is not a “same store” for the applicable period. A store is considered a same store beginning in the first quarter in which the store had a full quarter of activity in the prior year. We believe that this information provides greater comparability regarding our ongoing operating performance. Neither this measure nor those described below should be considered an alternative to measurements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

We define EBITDA as net income before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts EBITDA by excluding the gain or loss on disposal of assets, impairment charges, acquisition costs, other non-cash items, and other unusual or non-recurring charges. Each of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure.

We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for operational and financial decision-making and believe these measures are useful in evaluating our performance because they eliminate certain items that we do not consider indicators of our operating performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are also used by many of our investors, securities analysts, and other interested parties in evaluating our operational and financial performance across reporting periods. We believe that the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors by allowing an understanding of key measures that we use internally for operational decision-making, budgeting, evaluating acquisition targets, and assessing our operating performance.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for net income or any other financial measure presented in accordance with GAAP. These measures have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We strongly encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.

Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, same store measures, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. It therefore may not be possible to compare our use of these non-GAAP financial measures with those used by other companies.

The following table contains a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	24,994		$	35,585		$	59,118		$	46,496
Interest and other financing expenses, net		19,796			14,428			43,110			55,042
Income tax expense		20,898			4,795			31,060			12,285
Depreciation and amortization		26,061			22,031			75,050			71,546
EBITDA		91,749			76,839			208,338			185,369
Non-cash rent expense (a)		1,977			1,424			5,714			4,773
Acquisition costs (b)		1,673			1,182			3,177			3,781
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment charges (c)		1,418			923			3,389			1,898
Share-based compensation expense (d)		3,145			1,613			9,027			4,127
Loss (income) from equity investment (e)		44			(85	)		7			(105	)
Adjustment to contingent consideration (f)		(1,550	)		(1,740	)		(2,076	)		(1,740	)
Internal entity realignment and streamlining (g)		408			—			408			—
Other (h)		604			27			637			100
Adjusted EBITDA	$	99,468		$	80,183		$	228,621		$	198,203

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(a)Eliminates the non-cash portion of rent, which reflects the extent to which our GAAP rent expense recognized exceeds (or is less than) our cash rent payments. The GAAP rent expense adjustment can vary depending on the terms of our lease portfolio, which has been impacted by our recent acquisitions. For newer leases, our rent expense recognized typically exceeds our cash rent payments, while for more mature leases, rent expense recognized is typically less than our cash rent payments.

(b)Eliminates costs incurred that are directly attributable to historical business acquisitions and salaries of employees whose primary job function is to execute our acquisition strategy and facilitate integration of acquired operations.

(c)Eliminates the non-cash loss (gain) from the sale of property and equipment, the loss (gain) recognized upon the sale of related leased assets and impairment charges on property and equipment and right-of-use assets related to closed and non-performing sites.

(d)Eliminates non-cash share-based compensation expense related to the equity incentive program in place to incentivize, retain, and motivate our employees, certain non-employees, and members of our Board.

(e)Eliminates our share of (income) loss attributable to our unconsolidated equity investment.

(f)Eliminates fair value adjustments to the contingent consideration owed to the seller for the 2020 acquisition of Empire.

(g)Eliminates non-recurring charges related to our internal entity realignment and streamlining.

(h)Eliminates other unusual or non-recurring items that we do not consider to be meaningful in assessing operating performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, availability under our credit facilities and our cash balances. Our principal liquidity requirements are the financing of current operations, funding capital expenditures, including acquisitions, and servicing debt. We finance our inventory purchases primarily from customary trade credit aided by relatively rapid inventory turnover, as well as cash generated from operations. This turnover allows us to conduct operations without the need for large amounts of cash and working capital. We largely rely on internally generated cash flows and borrowings, which we believe are sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future.

Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and other capital requirements, including capital expenditures, as well as the cost of acquisitions, will depend on our future operating performance which, in turn, will be subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. As a normal part of our business, depending on market conditions, we will from time to time consider opportunities to repay, redeem, repurchase or refinance our indebtedness. Changes in our operating plans, lower than anticipated sales, increased expenses, acquisitions or other events may cause us to seek additional debt or equity financing in future periods. There can be no guarantee that financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Debt financing, if available, could impose additional cash payment obligations and additional covenants and operating restrictions.

As of September 30, 2022, we were in a strong liquidity position of approximately $678 million, consisting of approximately $283 million of cash and approximately $395 million of availability under our lines of credit. This liquidity position currently provides us with adequate funding to satisfy our contractual and other obligations, from our existing cash balances. As of September 30, 2022, we had no outstanding borrowings under our $140.0 million PNC Line of Credit (as defined below), $0.9 million of unused availability under the M&T equipment line of credit, described below, and $261.0 million of unused availability under our $500.0 million Capital One Line of Credit (as defined below), which we can seek to increase up to $700.0 million, subject to obtaining additional financing commitments from current lenders or other banks, and subject to certain other terms.

In the third quarter of 2022, we fully repaid GPMP’s outstanding obligations under the GPMP PNC Term Loan (as defined below), which was secured by U.S. Treasuries equal to approximately 98% of the outstanding principal amount of such term loan, by utilizing proceeds from the sale of those securities and other cash on hand, and terminated the term loan and security agreement governing such term loan.

Our board of directors (the “Board”) declared quarterly dividends of $0.02 per share of common stock: paid on March 29, 2022 to stockholders of record as of March 15, 2022, totaling approximately $2.5 million; paid on June 15, 2022 to stockholders of record as of May 31, 2022, totaling approximately $2.4 million; and paid on September 12, 2022 to stockholders of record as of August 29, 2022, totaling approximately $2.4 million. Our Board also declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share of common stock, to be paid on December 6, 2022 to stockholders of record as of November 22, 2022. The amount and timing of dividends payable on our

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common stock are within the sole discretion of our Board, which will evaluate dividend payments within the context of our overall capital allocation strategy on an ongoing basis, giving consideration to our current and forecast earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay such dividends or the amounts of such dividends.

In February 2022, we also announced that our Board had authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate of $50 million of our outstanding shares of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased approximately 4.5 million shares of common stock under the repurchase program for approximately $39.0 million, or an average share price of $8.60. The share repurchase program does not have a stated expiration date. Whether and the extent to which we repurchase shares depends on a number of factors, including our financial condition, capital requirements, cash flows, results of operations, future business prospects and other factors management may deem relevant. The timing, volume, and nature of repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable securities laws, and other factors, and the program may be amended, suspended or discontinued at any time. Repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases, including pursuant to a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)of the Exchange Act, privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to accelerated share repurchase agreements entered into with one or more counterparties, or otherwise.

To date, we have funded capital expenditures primarily through funds generated from operations, funds received from vendors, sale-leaseback transactions, the issuance of debt, and existing cash. Future capital required to finance operations, acquisitions, and raze-and-rebuild, remodel and update stores is expected to come from cash on hand, cash generated by operations, availability under lines of credit, and additional long-term debt and equipment leases as circumstances may dictate. In both the short-term and long-term, we currently expect that our capital spending program will be primarily focused on expanding our store base through acquisitions, razing-and-rebuilding, remodeling and updating stores, and maintaining our owned properties and equipment, including upgrading all fuel dispensers to be EMV-compliant. We expect to spend a total of approximately $8.0 million in the current year and approximately $10.0 million in 2023 to upgrade all our fuel dispensers to be EMV-compliant. We do not expect such capital needs to adversely affect liquidity.

Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	139,763		$	119,547
Investing activities		(64,793	)		(105,187	)
Financing activities		(49,835	)		(35,792	)
Effect of exchange rates		(109	)		(1,440	)
Total	$	25,026		$	(22,872	)

Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operations are our main source of liquidity. We have historically relied primarily on cash provided by operating activities, supplemented as necessary from time to time by borrowings on our credit facilities and other debt or equity transactions to finance our operations and to fund our capital expenditures. Cash flow provided by operating activities is primarily impacted by our net income and changes in working capital.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash flows provided by operating activities were $139.8 million compared to $119.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily the result of approximately $7.2 million of lower net tax payments, approximately $6.4 million of lower net interest payments and an increase in Adjusted EBITDA primarily generated from an increase in merchandise and fuel contribution at same stores as well as the 2021 Acquisitions, which was partially

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offset by changes in working capital primarily as a result of higher fuel costs and the impact of the Quarles Acquisition in which we invested in excess of $20 million in trade receivables and inventory net of accounts payable.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures for acquisitions and replacing and maintaining existing facilities and equipment used in the business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash used in investing activities decreased by $40.4 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we spent $72.9 million for capital expenditures, including the purchase of certain fee properties, bean-to-cup coffee equipment, upgrades to fuel dispensers and other investments in our stores, and a net amount of $55.1 million for the Quarles Acquisition, which does not include the purchase price paid by the real estate fund involved in that transaction. This decrease was partially offset by a $58.9 million decrease in short-term investments of which $31.8 million was used to repay long-term debt and the remainder converted into cash on hand. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we spent $48.1 million for capital expenditures, including the purchase of certain fee properties, and a net amount of $59.2 million for the acquisition of ExpressStop (the “ExpressStop Acquisition”), net of the proceeds paid by one of the real estate funds involved in that transaction. The proceeds paid from a second real estate fund involved in the ExpressStop Acquisition of $43.6 million were included in financing activity, reflecting a net cash outflow on the ExpressStop Acquisition of $15.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities primarily consist of increases and decreases in the principal amount of our lines of credit and debt, distributions to non-controlling interests and issuance of common and preferred stock, net of dividends paid and common stock repurchases.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, financing activities consisted primarily of net borrowings of $9.1 million for long-term debt, repayments of $5.0 million for financing leases, $2.1 million for additional consideration payments related to the 2020 Empire acquisition, $7.3 million for dividend payments on common stock, $4.3 million for dividend payments on the Series A redeemable preferred stock and $40.0 million for common stock repurchases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, financing activities consisted primarily of net payments of $63.9 million for long-term debt, including the early redemption of the Bonds (Series C), repayments of $6.1 million for financing leases, $4.4 million for dividend payments on the Series A redeemable preferred stock and $4.8 million of issuance costs related to the 2020 merger transaction, which were offset by $43.6 million in consideration paid by a real estate fund for the ExpressStop Acquisition.

Credit Facilities and Senior Notes

Senior Notes

On October 21, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes are guaranteed, on an unsecured senior basis, by certain of the Company’s wholly owned domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains customary restrictive covenants that, among other things, generally limit the ability of the Company and substantially all of its subsidiaries to (i) create liens, (ii) pay dividends, acquire shares of capital stock and make payments on subordinated debt, (iii) place limitations on distributions from certain subsidiaries, (iv) issue or sell the capital stock of certain subsidiaries, (v) sell assets, (vi) enter into transactions with affiliates, (vii) effect mergers and (viii) incur indebtedness. The Senior Notes and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ respective existing and future senior unsubordinated indebtedness and are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s and the Guarantors’ existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness; and are structurally subordinated to any existing and future obligations of subsidiaries of the Company that are not Guarantors.

Financing agreements with PNC

GPM and certain subsidiaries have a financing arrangement (the “PNC Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank National Association (“PNC”) to provide a line of credit with an aggregate principal amount of up to $140 million for purposes of financing working capital (the “PNC Line of Credit”).

The PNC Line of Credit bears interest, as elected by GPM at: (a) LIBOR plus a margin of 1.75% or (b) a rate per annum equal to the alternate base rate plus a margin of 0.5%, which is equal to the greatest of (i) the PNC base rate, (ii) the overnight bank funding

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rate plus 0.5%, and (iii) LIBOR plus 1.0%, subject to the definitions set in the agreement. Every quarter, the LIBOR margin rate and the alternate base rate margin rate are updated based on the quarterly average undrawn availability of the line of credit.

The calculation of the availability under the PNC Line of Credit is determined monthly subject to terms and limitations as set forth in the PNC Credit Agreement, taking into account the balances of receivables, inventory and letters of credit, among other things. As of September 30, 2022, $5.8 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the PNC Credit Agreement.

GPMP had a term loan with PNC in the total amount of $32.4 million (the “GPMP PNC Term Loan”), which was secured by U.S. Treasury or other investment grade securities equal to approximately 98% of the outstanding principal amount of the GPMP PNC Term Loan. The Company fully repaid this term loan in the third quarter of 2022 utilizing proceeds from the sale of these securities and other cash on hand and terminated the term loan and security agreement governing such term loan.

Financing agreements with M&T Bank

GPM has a financing arrangement with M&T Bank to provide a three-year $20.0 million line of credit for purchases of equipment, which line may be borrowed in tranches, as described below, and an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million of real estate loan (the “M&T Term Loan”). As of September 30, 2022, approximately $0.9 million remained available under the line of credit.

Each additional equipment loan tranche will have a three-year term, payable in equal monthly payments of principal plus interest, and will accrue a fixed rate of interest equal to M&T Bank’s three-year cost of funds as of the applicable date of such tranche, plus 3.00%. The M&T Term Loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%, mature in June 2026 and is payable in monthly installments based on a fifteen-year amortization schedule, with the balance of the loan payable at maturity.

Financing agreement with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association (“Capital One”)

GPMP has a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks led by Capital One, National Association, in an aggregate principal amount of up to $500 million (the “Capital One Line of Credit”). At GPMP’s request, the Capital One Line of Credit can be increased up to $700 million, subject to obtaining additional financing commitments from current lenders or from other banks, and subject to certain terms as detailed in the Capital One Line of Credit. As of September 30, 2022, approximately $238.3 million was drawn on the Capital One Line of Credit, and approximately $261.0 million was available thereunder.

The Capital One Line of Credit bears interest, as elected by GPMP at: (a) LIBOR plus a margin of 2.25% to 3.25% or (b) a rate per annum equal to base rate plus a margin of 1.25% to 2.25%, which is equal to the greatest of (i) Capital One’s prime rate, (ii) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, and (iii) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, subject to the definitions set in the agreement. The margin is determined according to a formula in the Capital One Line of Credit that depends on GPMP’s leverage. As of September 30, 2022, $0.7 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the Capital One Line of Credit.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Commodity Price Risk

We have limited exposure to commodity price risk as a result of the payment and volume-related discounts in certain of our fuel supply contracts with our fuel suppliers, which are based on the market price of motor fuel. Significant increases in fuel prices could result in significant increases in the retail price of fuel and in lower sales to consumers and independent dealers. When fuel prices rise, some of our independent dealers may have insufficient credit to purchase fuel from us at their historical volumes. In addition, significant and persistent increases in the retail price of fuel could also diminish consumer demand, which could subsequently diminish the volume of fuel we distribute. A significant percentage of our sales are made with the use of credit cards. Because the interchange fees we pay when credit cards are used to make purchases are based on transaction amounts, higher fuel prices at the pump and higher gallon movements result in higher credit card expenses. These additional fees increase operating expenses. Prior to the Quarles Acquisition, we did not engage in any fuel price hedging. In connection with the Quarles Acquisition, we have made use

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of derivative commodity instruments to manage risks associated with an immaterial number of existing transactions designed to offset changes in the price of fuel that are directly tied to firm commitments to purchase diesel fuel.

Interest Rate Risk

We may be subject to market risk from exposure to changes in interest rates based on our financing, investing, and cash management activities. The Senior Notes bear a fixed interest rate, therefore, an increase or decrease in prevailing interest rates has no impact on our debt service for the Senior Notes. As of September 30, 2022, the interest rate on our Capital One Line of Credit was 5.1% and the interest rate on our M&T Term Loan was 6.2%. As of September 30, 2021, the interest rate on our Capital One Line of Credit was 3.3% and the interest rate on our M&T Term Loan was 3.1%. As of September 30, 2022, approximately 36% of our debt bore interest at variable rates, therefore, our exposure was relatively low. If our applicable interest rates increase by 1%, then our debt service on an annual basis would increase by approximately $2.7 million. Interest rates on commercial bank borrowings and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financial costs to increase accordingly. Although this could limit our ability to raise funds in the debt capital markets, we expect to remain competitive with respect to acquisitions and capital projects, as our competitors would likely face similar circumstances.

In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. However, in March 2021, the Ice Benchmark Administration announced that it will continue to publish the U.S. overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR through at least June 30, 2023. In July 2021, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee formally recommended the use of the CME’s Group’s forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate as a replacement to LIBOR. Most of our credit agreements were entered into in the past few years. Such credit agreements, as amended, include mechanisms pursuant to which the underlying interest rates will be determined according to an alternative index replacing LIBOR, as customary in the market at such time.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.

Changes to the Company’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the calendar quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

During the reporting period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to the description of legal proceedings as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

During the reporting period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to our risk factors as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 except as described below. We are updating or supplementing those risk factors with the following risk factors:

Our financial condition and results of operations are influenced by changes in the wholesale prices of motor fuel, which may materially adversely impact our sales, operations, customers’ financial condition and the availability of trade credit.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, fuel sales were approximately 77% of our total revenues and 48% of our combined fuel and merchandise margin. Historically, we have not carried retail fuel inventory on hand for more than nine days in the ordinary course of our business and have not engaged in hedging transactions. Our operating results are influenced by prices for motor fuel, variable retail margins and the market for such products. Crude oil and domestic wholesale motor fuel markets are volatile. General political conditions, acts of war or terrorism and instability in oil producing regions, particularly in the Middle East, Russia, Africa and South America, could significantly affect crude oil supplies and wholesale fuel prices. Significant increases and volatility in wholesale fuel prices could result in substantial increases in the retail price of motor fuel products, lower fuel gross margin per gallon, lower demand for such products and lower sales to consumers and independent dealers. This volatility makes it extremely difficult to predict the impact future wholesale cost fluctuations will have on our financial condition and results of operations. Increases in fuel prices generally compress retail fuel margin because fuel costs typically increase faster than retailers are able to pass them along to customers. In addition, when prices for motor fuel rise, some of our independent dealers may have insufficient credit to purchase motor fuel from us at their historical volumes. Furthermore, when motor fuel prices decrease, so do prompt payment incentives, which are generally calculated as a percentage of the total purchase price of the motor fuel distributed. Additionally, because the interchange fees we pay when credit cards are used to make purchases are based on transaction amounts, higher fuel prices at the pump result in higher credit card expenses. These additional fees increase operating expenses. Finally, higher prices for motor fuel may reduce our access to trade credit or worsen the terms under which such credit is available to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, we make use of derivative commodity instruments to manage risks associated with an immaterial number of existing transactions designed to offset changes in the price of fuel that are directly tied to firm commitments to purchase diesel fuel. As such, the Company is subject to the risk that its fuel derivative instruments will no longer qualify for hedge accounting under applicable accounting standards, which can create additional earnings volatility. Adjustments in the Company’s overall fuel hedging strategy, as well as the ability of the commodities used in fuel hedging to qualify for special hedge accounting, could continue to affect the Company’s results of operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to cost-effectively hedge against changes in diesel fuel prices.

The Company’s fuel hedging arrangements and the various potential impacts of hedge accounting on the Company’s financial position, cash flows, and results of operations are discussed in more detail under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, and in Note 2 and Note 6 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The retail sale, distribution, transport and storage of motor fuels is subject to environmental protection and operational safety laws and regulations that may expose us or our customers to significant costs and liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We and our facilities and operations are subject to various federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws, and regulations. These laws and regulations continue to evolve and are expected to increase in both number and complexity over time and govern not only the manner in which we conduct our operations, but also the products we sell. For example, international agreements and national, regional, and state legislation and regulatory measures that aim to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions or otherwise address climate change are currently in various stages of implementation. There are inherent risks that increasingly restrictive environmental and other regulation could materially impact our results of operations or financial condition. Most of the costs of complying with existing laws and regulations pertaining to our operations and products are embedded in the normal costs of doing business. However, it is not possible to predict with certainty the amount of additional investments in new or existing technology or facilities, or the amounts of increased operating costs to be incurred in the future, to prevent, control, reduce or eliminate releases of

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hazardous materials or other pollutants into the environment; remediate and restore areas damaged by prior releases of hazardous materials; or comply with new or changed environmental laws or regulations. Although these costs may be significant to the results of operations, we do not presently expect them to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity or financial position. Accidental leaks and spills requiring cleanup may occur in the ordinary course of business. We may incur expenses for corrective actions or environmental investigations at various owned and previously owned facilities, leased or previously leased facilities, at third-party sites we manage, and at third-party-owned waste disposal sites used by us. An obligation may arise when operations are closed or sold or at non-company sites where company products have been handled or disposed of. Expenditures to fulfill these obligations may relate to facilities and sites where past operations followed practices and procedures that were considered acceptable at the time but may require investigative or remedial work or both to meet current or future standards.

Most of our fuel is transported by third-party transporters to our retail, independent dealer and fleet fueling sites. A portion of fuel is transported in our own trucks, instead of by third-party carriers, therefore, our operations are also subject to hazards and risks inherent in transporting motor fuel. These hazards and risks include, but are not limited to, fires, explosions, traffic accidents, spills, discharges and other releases, any of which could result in distribution difficulties and disruptions, environmental pollution, governmentally-imposed fines or clean-up obligations, personal injury or wrongful death claims and other damage to our properties and the properties of others.

The transportation of motor fuels, as well as the associated storage of such fuels at locations including convenience stores, are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to ownership and operation of underground storage tanks, the release or discharge of regulated materials into the air, water and soil, the generation, storage, handling, use, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials, the exposure of persons to regulated materials, and the health and safety of employees dedicated to such transportation and storage activities. These laws and regulations may impose numerous obligations and restrictions that are applicable to motor fuels transportation and storage and other related activities, including acquisition of, or applications for, permits, licenses, or other approvals before conducting regulated activities; restrictions on the quality and labeling of the motor fuels that may be sold; restrictions on the types, quantities and concentration of materials that may be released into the environment; required capital expenditures to comply with pollution control requirements; and imposition of substantial liabilities for pollution or non-compliance resulting from these activities. Numerous governmental authorities, such as the EPA, and analogous state agencies, have the power to monitor and enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits, licenses and approvals issued under them, including fines, which can result in increased pollution control equipment costs or other actions. Failure to comply with these existing laws and regulations, or any newly adopted laws or regulations, may trigger administrative, civil or criminal enforcement measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties or other sanctions, the imposition of investigative, remedial or corrective action obligations, the imposition of additional compliance requirements on certain operations or the issuance of orders enjoining certain operations. Moreover, the trend in environmental regulation is for more restrictions and limitations on activities that may adversely affect the environment, which aligns with a growing trend in investor sentiment, and such regulation may result in increased costs of compliance.

Where releases of motor fuels or other substances or wastes have occurred, federal and state laws and regulations, and our lease agreements, require that contamination caused by such releases be assessed and remediated to meet applicable clean-up standards. Certain environmental laws impose strict, joint and several liability for costs required to clean-up and restore sites where motor fuels or other waste products have been disposed or otherwise released. The costs associated with the investigation and remediation of contamination, as well as any associated third-party claims for damages or to impose corrective action obligations, could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on us or our customers who transport motor fuels or own or operate convenience stores or other facilities where motor fuels are stored.

For more information on potential risks arising from environmental and occupational safety and health laws and regulations, please see “Business—Government Regulation” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table presents our share repurchase activity for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

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Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022		419	$	7.98		419	$	11,003
August 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022		—		—		—		11,003
September 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022		—		—		—		11,003
Total		419	$	7.98		419	$	11,003

1All of the above repurchases were made on the open market at prevailing market rates plus related expenses under our stock repurchase program, which authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of our common stock. We publicly announced this program on February 23, 2022.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit 2.1*	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2022, by and among GPM Investments, LLC, Transit Energy Group, LLC and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 12, 2022).
Exhibit 10.1*	Sixth Amendment and Joinder to Third Amended, Restated and Consolidated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated July 22, 2022, by and among GPM Investments, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries as other borrowers and guarantors thereto, the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 8, 2022).
Exhibit 10.2	Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Master Covenant Agreement, dated October 3, 2022, by and between GPM Investments, LLC and M&T Bank.
Exhibit 31.1	Certification by Arie Kotler, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.
Exhibit 31.2	Certification by Donald Bassell, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.
Exhibit 32.1	Certification by Arie Kotler, Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.
Exhibit 32.2	Certification by Donald Bassell, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.
101	The following financial statements from the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, certain schedules and similar attachments to this exhibit have been omitted because they do not contain information material to an investment or voting decision and such information is not otherwise discussed in such exhibit. The Company will supplementally provide a copy of any omitted schedule or similar attachment to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.”

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 7, 2022		ARKO Corp.
	By:	/s/ Arie Kotler
	Name:	Arie Kotler
	Title:	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
		(on behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Executive Officer)

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