Restructuring Costs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Restructuring Charges [Abstract]

Restructuring and related costs

Restructuring costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Employee separations 1	$	39	$	17	$	62	$	79
Contract terminations 1	1		1		1		1
Long-lived asset impairments 1	(4)		8		1		12
Other 2	13		9		26		32
Total restructuring costs	$	49	$	35	$	90	$	124
1 Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses.
2 Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for accelerated depreciation, equipment relocation, inventory write-downs and project management, all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold.

Summary of separation activity

The following table summarizes the 2022 and 2021 employee separation activity:

(Millions of dollars)	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2022		2021
Liability balance, beginning of period	$	61	$	164
Increase in liability (separation charges)	62		79
Reduction in liability (payments)	(63)		(159)
Liability balance, end of period	$	60	$	84