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Stock-based compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule providing assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock-based awards The following table provides the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the Option awards for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 Grant Year
 202020192018
Weighted-average dividend yield2.5 %2.6 %2.7 %
Weighted-average volatility25.7 %29.1 %30.2 %
Range of volatilities
24.5%-29.7%
25.1%-38.7%
21.5%- 33.0%
Range of risk-free interest rates
1.21%-1.39%
2.48%-2.68%
2.02%-2.87%
Weighted-average expected lives8 years7 years8 years
Schedule of stock-based compensation activity
Please refer to Tables I and II below for additional information on our stock-based compensation awards.  

TABLE I — Financial Information Related to Stock-based Compensation
 Stock optionsRSUsPRSUs
 SharesWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price		SharesWeighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value		SharesWeighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
      
Outstanding at January 1, 202014,464,994 $99.29 1,369,203 $132.88 670,115 $144.46 
Granted to officers and key employees1,913,888 $127.60 743,783 $128.07 399,149 $128.41 
Exercised(6,247,628)$91.21 — $— — $— 
Vested— $— (724,606)$124.25 (326,217)$151.12 
Forfeited / expired(54,271)$113.64 (60,430)$133.28 (15,290)$141.15 
Outstanding at December 31, 202010,076,983 $109.60 1,327,950 $134.89 727,757 $132.81 
Exercisable at December 31, 20206,711,398 $97.29 
Stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2020:
 OutstandingExercisable
Exercise PricesShares Outstanding at 12/31/2020Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Aggregate
 Intrinsic Value 1
Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2020Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Aggregate
 Intrinsic Value 1
$74.77-$83.00
3,076,885 4.76$78.72 $318 3,076,885 4.76$78.72 $318 
$89.75-$96.31
2,245,247 4.82$94.92 196 2,244,742 4.82$94.92 196 
$102.13-$110.09
164,103 1.01$108.70 12 164,103 1.01$108.70 12 
$127.60-$138.51
3,284,693 8.86$132.16 164 408,768 8.27$138.35 18 
$141.32-$151.12
1,306,055 7.28$150.95 41 816,900 7.28$150.94 6 
 10,076,983  $109.60 $731 6,711,398  $97.29 $550 

1    The difference between a stock award’s exercise price and the underlying stock’s closing market price at December 31, 2020, for awards with market price greater than the exercise price. Amounts are in millions of dollars.
Schedule of financial information related to stock-based compensation
TABLE II— Additional Stock-based Award Information
(Dollars in millions except per share data)202020192018
Stock options activity:   
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock awards granted$25.98 $40.98 $46.09 
Intrinsic value of stock awards exercised$386 $264 $348 
Fair value of stock awards vested 1
$64 $100 $86 
Cash received from stock awards exercised$282 $298 $370 
RSUs activity:   
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock awards granted$128.07 $138.61 $150.58 
Fair value of stock awards vested 2
$87 $110 $180 
PRSUs activity:   
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock awards granted$128.41 $138.67 $150.98 
Fair value of stock awards vested 2
$59 $59 $70 
 
1    Based on the grant date fair value.
2    Based on the underlying stock’s closing market price on the vesting date.