Income taxes (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred income tax assets:
Tax carryforwards	$ 1,218	$ 1,312
Postemployment benefits other than pensions	876	793
Pension	445	785
Warranty reserves	263	237
Research Expenditures	219	0
Allowance for credit losses	171	155
Post sale discounts	200	158
Other employee compensation and benefits	197	186
Lease Obligations	157	0
Stock-based compensation	107	121
Other-net	250	298
Deferred income tax assets, Total	4,103	4,045
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Capital and intangible assets, including lease basis differences	(1,574)	(1,381)
Bond discount	(122)	(127)
Translation	(194)	(190)
Other outside basis differences	(257)	(271)
Undistributed profits of non-U.S. subsidiaries	(118)	(129)
Deferred income tax liabilities, Total	(2,265)	(2,098)
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(928)	(915)
Deferred income taxes-net	$ 910	$ 1,032