Restructuring Costs (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Restructuring Charges [Abstract]

Restructuring and related costs

Restructuring costs for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended March 31
	2018		2017
Employee separations 1	$	33	$	464
Contract terminations 1	—		9
Long-lived asset impairments 1	—		212
Defined benefit plan curtailments and termination benefits 2	—		29
Other 3	36		38
Total restructuring costs	$	69	$	752
1 Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses.
2 Recognized in Other income (expense).
3 Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for accelerated depreciation, project management costs and equipment
relocation (all of which are primarily included in Cost of Goods sold).

Summary of separation activity

The following table summarizes the 2017 and 2018 employee separation activity:

(Millions of dollars)
Liability balance at December 31, 2016	$	147
Increase in liability (separation charges)	525
Reduction in liability (payments)	(423		)
Liability balance at December 31, 2017	$	249
Increase in liability (separation charges)	33
Reduction in liability (payments)	(90		)
Liability balance at March 31, 2018	$	192