Intangible assets and goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are comprised of the following:

		December 31, 2017
(Millions of dollars)	Weighted Amortizable Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	15	$	2,441	$	(1,122	)	$	1,319
Intellectual property	11	1,538		(851		)	687
Other	13	198		(93		)	105
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14	$	4,177	$	(2,066	)	$	2,111
		December 31, 2016
	Weighted Amortizable Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	15	$	2,378	$	(934	)	$	1,444
Intellectual property	11	1,496		(706		)	790
Other	14	192		(77		)	115
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14	$	4,066	$	(1,717	)	$	2,349

Expected amortization expense related to intangible assets

As of December 31, 2017, amortization expense related to intangible assets is expected to be: 

(Millions of dollars)
2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		Thereafter
$	322	$	316	$	305	$	287	$	268	$	613

Goodwill

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2016			Acquisitions		Impairment Loss			Other Adjustments 1			December 31, 2017
Construction Industries
Goodwill	$	296		$	—	$	—		$	9		$	305
Impairment	(22		)	—		—			—			(22		)
Net goodwill	274			—		—			9			283
Resource Industries
Goodwill	4,110			—		—			122			4,232
Impairment	(1,175		)	—		—			—			(1,175		)
Net goodwill	2,935			—		—			122			3,057
Energy & Transportation
Goodwill	2,756			—		—			50			2,806
All Other 2
Goodwill	55			—		—			(1		)	54
Consolidated total
Goodwill	7,217			—		—			180			7,397
Impairment	(1,197		)	—		—			—			(1,197		)
Net goodwill	$	6,020		$	—	$	—		$	180		$	6,200
	December 31, 2015			Acquisitions		Impairment Loss			Other Adjustments 1			December 31, 2016
Construction Industries
Goodwill	$	285		$	—	$	—		$	11		$	296
Impairment	(22		)	—		—			—			(22		)
Net goodwill	263			—		—			11			274
Resource Industries
Goodwill	4,145			—		—			(35		)	4,110
Impairment	(580		)	—		(595		)	—			(1,175		)
Net goodwill	3,565			—		(595		)	(35		)	2,935
Energy & Transportation
Goodwill	2,738			37		—			(19		)	2,756
All Other 2
Goodwill	49			—		—			6			55
Consolidated total
Goodwill	7,217			37		—			(37		)	7,217
Impairment	(602		)	—		(595		)	—			(1,197		)
Net goodwill	$	6,615		$	37	$	(595	)	$	(37	)	$	6,020

¹ Other adjustments are comprised primarily of foreign currency translation.

² Includes All Other operating segments (See Note 23).