Consolidated Results of Operations - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Sales and revenues:
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation		$ 42,676	$ 35,773	$ 44,147
Revenues of Financial Products		2,786	2,764	2,864
Total sales and revenues		45,462	38,537	47,011
Operating costs:
Cost of goods sold		31,049	28,309	33,546
Selling, general and administrative expenses		5,177	4,686	4,951
Research and development expenses		1,905	1,951	2,119
Interest expense of Financial Products		646	596	587
Goodwill impairment charge		0	595	0
Other operating (income) expenses		2,279	1,902	2,023
Total operating costs		41,056	38,039	43,226
Operating profit		4,406	498	3,785
Interest expense excluding Financial Products		531	505	507
Other income (expense)		207	146	161
Consolidated profit before taxes		4,082	139	3,439
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		3,339	192	916
Profit (loss) of consolidated companies		743	(53)	2,523
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies		16	(6)	0
Profit (loss) of consolidated and affiliated companies		759	(59)	2,523
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		5	8	11
Profit (loss)	[1]	$ 754	$ (67)	$ 2,512
Profit (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.27	$ (0.11)	$ 4.23
Profit (loss) per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	[2],[3]	$ 1.26	$ (0.11)	$ 4.18
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
Basic (in shares)		591.8	584.3	594.3
Diluted (in shares)	[2],[3]	599.3	584.3	601.3
Cash dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 3.11	$ 3.08	$ 3.01

[1] 1 Profit (loss) attributable to common shareholders.

[2] 2 Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards, using the treasury stock method.

[3] 3 In 2016, the assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards was not considered because the impact would be antidilutive.