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Segment information (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
group_presidents
segments
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information                      
Number of group presidents | group_presidents                 5    
Number of operating segments | segments                 6    
Useful life to amortize goodwill for segment assets                 20 years    
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues $ 12,896 $ 11,413 $ 11,331 $ 9,822 $ 9,574 $ 9,160 $ 10,342 $ 9,461 $ 45,462 $ 38,537 $ 47,011
Depreciation and amortization                 2,877 3,034 3,046
Consolidated profit before taxes                 4,082 139 3,439
Segment assets 76,962       74,704       76,962 74,704 78,342
Capital expenditures                 $ 2,336 2,928 3,261
All Other operating segments                      
Segment Reporting Information                      
Number of group presidents | group_presidents                 1    
Number of smaller operating segments led by Group President | segments                 2    
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 $ 178 139 203
Depreciation and amortization                 220 219 205
Consolidated profit before taxes                 (43) (77) (75)
Segment assets 1,312       1,381       1,312 1,381 1,405
Capital expenditures                 134 182 169
Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 $ 49,576 41,644 50,451
Reportable segments                      
Segment Reporting Information                      
Number of operating segments led by Group Presidents | segments                 3    
Number of operating segments led by Group president responsible for corporate services | segments                 1    
Number of reportable segments | segments                 4    
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 $ 45,694 38,742 47,133
Depreciation and amortization                 2,387 2,591 2,686
Consolidated profit before taxes                 7,623 3,527 6,065
Segment assets 53,698       55,517       53,698 55,517 59,605
Capital expenditures                 2,311 2,586 2,913
Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 3,882 2,902 3,318
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 46,483 38,651 47,373
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Reportable segments                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 42,601 35,749 44,055
Depreciation and amortization                 1,567 1,742 1,838
Consolidated profit before taxes                 6,831 2,825 5,256
Segment assets 18,805       20,293       18,805 20,293 23,876
Capital expenditures                 938 948 1,448
Machinery, Energy & Transportation | Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 3,882 2,902 3,318
Construction Industries | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 19,240 15,690 17,906
Construction Industries | Reportable segments                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 19,133 15,612 17,797
Depreciation and amortization                 400 458 505
Consolidated profit before taxes                 3,258 1,650 1,865
Segment assets 4,838       5,367       4,838 5,367 6,176
Capital expenditures                 228 186 276
Construction Industries | Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 107 78 109
Resource Industries | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 7,861 6,010 8,071
Resource Industries | Reportable segments                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 7,504 5,726 7,739
Depreciation and amortization                 514 607 643
Consolidated profit before taxes                 690 (1,047) 1
Segment assets 6,403       7,135       6,403 7,135 8,931
Capital expenditures                 183 243 303
Resource Industries | Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 357 284 332
Energy & Transportation | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 19,382 16,951 21,396
Energy & Transportation | Reportable segments                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 15,964 14,411 18,519
Depreciation and amortization                 653 677 690
Consolidated profit before taxes                 2,883 2,222 3,390
Segment assets 7,564       7,791       7,564 7,791 8,769
Capital expenditures                 527 519 869
Energy & Transportation | Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 3,418 2,540 2,877
Financial Products Segment | Reportable Segments Including Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 3,093 2,993 3,078
Financial Products Segment | Reportable segments                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 3,093 2,993 3,078
Depreciation and amortization                 820 849 848
Consolidated profit before taxes                 792 702 809
Segment assets $ 34,893       $ 35,224       34,893 35,224 35,729
Capital expenditures                 1,373 1,638 1,465
Financial Products Segment | Intersegment Eliminations                      
Reportable Segments                      
Sales and revenues                 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0