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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2014
Cash flow from operating activities:    
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies $ 1,114us-gaap_ProfitLoss $ 925us-gaap_ProfitLoss
Adjustments for non-cash items:    
Depreciation and amortization 753us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization 781us-gaap_DepreciationDepletionAndAmortization
Other (51)us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense 115us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:    
Receivables - trade and other 6us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInReceivables (37)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInReceivables
Inventories (89)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories (270)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories
Accounts payable 228us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable 403us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable
Accrued expenses 35us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilities 27us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilities
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits (1,027)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInEmployeeRelatedLiabilities (152)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInEmployeeRelatedLiabilities
Customer advances 25us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInCustomerAdvances 145us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInCustomerAdvances
Other assets - net 288us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets 26us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets
Other liabilities - net (12)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities (66)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities 1,270us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations 1,897us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Cash flow from investing activities:    
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment leased to others (437)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets (454)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets
Expenditures for equipment leased to others (389)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquipmentOnLease (285)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquipmentOnLease
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment 167us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment 184us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment
Additions to finance receivables (2,122)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireFinanceReceivables (2,634)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireFinanceReceivables
Collections of finance receivables 2,241us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfFinanceReceivables 2,215us-gaap_ProceedsFromCollectionOfFinanceReceivables
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables 43us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfFinanceReceivables 20us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfFinanceReceivables
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired) (29)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired (5)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold) 167us-gaap_ProceedsFromDivestitureOfBusinessesNetOfCashDivested 13us-gaap_ProceedsFromDivestitureOfBusinessesNetOfCashDivested
Proceeds from sale of securities 83us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities 115us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities
Investments in securities (70)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities (105)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities
Other - net (38)us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities (12)us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInvestingActivities
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities (384)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations (948)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Cash flow from financing activities:    
Dividends paid (424)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock (383)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock
Distribution to noncontrolling interests (7)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsMinorityInterest (7)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsMinorityInterest
Contribution from noncontrolling interests 0us-gaap_ProceedsFromMinorityShareholders 2us-gaap_ProceedsFromMinorityShareholders
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued 32us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity 92us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity
Treasury shares purchased (400)us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock (1,738)us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation 17us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities 69us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months):    
Machinery, Energy & Transportation 2cat_ProceedsfromMachineryEnergyTransportation 6cat_ProceedsfromMachineryEnergyTransportation
Financial Products 1,527cat_FinancialProducts 2,146cat_FinancialProducts
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months):    
Machinery, Energy & Transportation (6)cat_PaymentsMachineryEnergyTransportation (9)cat_PaymentsMachineryEnergyTransportation
Financial Products (2,313)cat_PaymentsFinancialProducts (2,773)cat_PaymentsFinancialProducts
Short-term borrowings - net (original maturities three months or less) 950us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebtMaturingInThreeMonthsOrLess 944us-gaap_ProceedsFromRepaymentsOfShortTermDebtMaturingInThreeMonthsOrLess
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities (622)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations (1,651)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (42)us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations (34)us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashAndCashEquivalentsContinuingOperations
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments 222us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease (736)us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of period 7,341us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments 6,081us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments
Cash and short-term investments at end of period $ 7,563us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments $ 5,345us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestments