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Derivative financial instruments and risk management (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Derivative [Line Items]  
Foreign currency cash flow hedges, maximum period (in years) 5 years
Deferred net losses, foreign currency exchange rate risk, to be reclassified from equity to current earnings over the next twelve months $ 68us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12Months
Commodity forward and option contracts, maximum period (in years) 5 years
Machinery, Energy & Transportation  
Derivative [Line Items]  
Deferred net losses, interest rate risk, to be reclassified from equity to current earnings over the next twelve months 4us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Financial Products  
Derivative [Line Items]  
Deferred net losses, interest rate risk, to be reclassified from equity to current earnings over the next twelve months $ 1us-gaap_InterestRateCashFlowHedgeGainLossToBeReclassifiedDuringNext12MonthsNet
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember