EX-99.1 2 ex_99-1.htm TRUCK BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP AGRMT ex_99-1.htm
  
EXHIBIT 99.1
 
TRUCK BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT
 
by and among
 
 
CATERPILLAR INC.,
 
NAVISTAR, INC.
 
and
 
NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
 
Dated as of April 3, 2009
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
1.
FORMATION OF COMPANY 
 
1.1
Formation of the Company  
2.
CLOSING  
 
2.1
Closing  
 
2.2
Closing Sequence  
3.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES  
 
3.1
Representations and Warranties of Navistar and Navistar Parent  
 
3.2
Representations and Warranties of Caterpillar  
4.
PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS  
 
4.1
Good Faith Efforts  
 
4.2
Filings, Notices and Consents.  
 
4.3
Amendment of Disclosure Schedules.  
 
4.4
Access to Information.  
 
4.5
Exclusivity.  
 
4.6
Expected Liability Determinations.  
5.
CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS TO CLOSE  
 
5.1
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations to Close  
 
5.2
Conditions to Navistar’s Obligations to Close  
 
5.3
Conditions to Caterpillar’s Obligations to Close  
 
5.4
Materiality Threshold  
6.
OTHER COVENANTS  
 
6.1
General  
 
6.2
Confidentiality; Public Announcements  
 
6.3
Mahindra Waiver  
7.
TERMINATION  
 
7.1
Termination of Agreement  
 
7.2
Effect of Termination; Remedies  
 
7.3
No Termination on Account of Breach  
8.
INDEMNIFICATION  
 
8.1
Survival of Representations and Warranties.  
 
8.2
Indemnification by Navistar and Navistar Parent  
 
8.3
Indemnification by Caterpillar  
 
8.4
Limitations on Indemnification.  
 
8.5
Indemnification Procedures.  
 
8.6
Mitigation  
 
8.7
Fraud  
 
8.8
No Waiver  
9.
MISCELLANEOUS  
 
9.1
Disclaimer  
 
9.2
Expenses  
 
9.3
Force Majeure  
 
9.4
Survival  
 
9.5
Good Faith Reliance on Terms of Agreement  
 
9.6
Counterparts  
 
9.7
Entire Agreement  
 
9.8
Succession and Assignment  
 
9.9
Amendments and Waiver  
 
9.10
Applicable Law  
 
9.11
Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial; Specific Performance.  
 
9.12
Exclusive Remedy  
 
9.13
Remedies Cumulative  
 
9.14
Severability  
 
9.15
No Third Party Beneficiaries  
 
9.16
Construction  
 
9.17
Headings  
 
9.18
Notices  
 
9.19
Disclosure Schedules.  
 
9.20
Incorporation of Schedules and Exhibits  
 
9.21
Exception to Required Use of Commercially Reasonable Efforts  
10.
DEFINITIONS  

 
SCHEDULES
 
Schedule 1
 
Schedule of Certain Transaction Agreements
 
Schedule 4.1
 
Transaction Items and Actions
 
Schedule 4.1(a)
 
ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business Contracts
 
Schedule 4.2.3
 
Antitrust Approvals and Consents
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT
 
Exhibit 1
 
Company Operating Agreement
 
 
 
 
 
TRUCK BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT
 
This TRUCK BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of April 3, 2009, by and among (i) Caterpillar Inc., a corporation incorporated under the Laws of the state of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 100 N.E. Adams Street, Peoria, Illinois  61629 (“Caterpillar”), (ii) Navistar, Inc., a corporation incorporated under the Laws of the state of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 4201 Winfield Road, Warrenville, Illinois 60555 (“Navistar”) and (iii) Navistar International Corporation, a corporation incorporated under the Laws of the state of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 4201 Winfield Road, Warrenville, Illinois 60555 (“Navistar Parent”) (each of Caterpillar, Navistar and Navistar Parent, a “Party”, and collectively the “Parties”).  Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning set forth in the Company Operating Agreement (as defined below).
 
RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, Caterpillar and Navistar desire to cause the formation of the Company (as defined below) to conduct the Business (as defined below) upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein; and
 
WHEREAS, Caterpillar and Navistar desire to enter into a strategic alliance involving, among other things, the sale of certain Caterpillar Trucks (as defined below) by Navistar to Caterpillar in the United States, Canada and Mexico upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
 
1.     FORMATION OF COMPANY
 
1.1     Formation of the Company
 
No later than two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, Caterpillar and Navistar shall cause there to be filed a Certificate of Formation in the form agreed to by Caterpillar and Navistar with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to form NC2 Global LLC (the “Company”) as a Delaware limited liability company under and pursuant to the Act, and Caterpillar and Navistar shall be the sole members of the Company at the time of such formation.
 
2.     CLOSING
 
2.1     Closing
 
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the closing of the transactions set forth in Section 2.2 (the “Closing”) shall be held at the offices of Latham & Watkins LLP, 233 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois at 10:00 a.m. Central on the date that is three (3) Business Days after the date on which all of the conditions to the obligations of the Parties set forth in Section 5 (other than conditions with respect to actions the Parties shall take at the Closing itself or which shall be satisfied contemporaneously with the Closing) are satisfied or waived, or at such other time or on such other date as the Parties may mutually agree.  The date on which the Closing actually occurs is hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Date”.
 
2.2     Closing Sequence
 
All proceedings to be taken and all documents to be executed and delivered by all parties thereto at the Closing will be deemed to have been taken and executed in the following sequence on the Closing Date; provided, that no proceedings will be deemed to have been taken nor documents executed or delivered until all have been taken, executed and delivered:
 
2.2.1     Company Operating Agreement; Capital Contributions Pursuant to Company Operating Agreement.  Caterpillar and Navistar shall, and shall cause the Company to, execute and deliver the Joint Venture Operating Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 1, as such form shall be modified as a result of the satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 5.1.4 and in Schedule 4.1 hereto (the “Company Operating Agreement”), and simultaneously with the execution and delivery of the Company Operating Agreement, as provided therein, (a) Caterpillar shall contribute $45.5 million to the Company as a Capital Contribution and (b) Navistar shall contribute $45.5 million to the Company as a Capital Contribution.
 
2.2.2     Additional Deliveries by Caterpillar, Navistar, Navistar Parent, their Affiliates and the Company at Closing.  Immediately following the transactions contemplated by Section 2.2.1,  Caterpillar, Navistar, and Navistar Parent shall, and shall cause their Affiliates and the Company to, as applicable, execute and deliver the following agreements to which it is a party:
 
2.2.2.1     each agreement set forth in Schedule 1 hereto, either (a) in the form exchanged between the Parties on the date hereof, as such form may be modified as a result of the satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 5.1.4 and in Schedule 4.1 hereto or (b) if no form of such agreement is exchanged between the Parties on the date hereof, in the form to be agreed upon by the Parties after the date hereof and prior to the Closing as a result of the satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 5.1.4 and in Schedule 4.1 hereto; and
 
2.2.2.2     any other Contract executed by Caterpillar, Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement that the Parties agree should be executed and delivered at the Closing.
 
3.     REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
3.1     Representations and Warranties of Navistar and Navistar Parent
 
Navistar and Navistar Parent each hereby jointly and severally represent and warrant to Caterpillar, on behalf of themselves, that the following statements are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that representations expressly speak to an earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties are true and correct as of such earlier date):
 
3.1.1     Organization, Qualification and Corporate Power.  Each of Navistar and Navistar Parent is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the state of Delaware, and has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and to carry on its businesses as they are now being conducted.  Each of Navistar and Navistar Parent has made available to Caterpillar true and complete copies of its certificate of incorporation and bylaws.  Each of Navistar and Navistar Parent is not in default under or in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws.
 
3.1.2     Authorization of Transactions; Validity and Enforceability.  Each of Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates has all requisite corporate, limited liability company or similar entity power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party (as applicable), and, subject to the obtaining and making (as applicable) of all consents and notices set forth in Section 3.1.2 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, to consummate the transactions contemplated by the terms of this Agreement and such Transaction Agreement (as applicable) and perform its obligations arising hereunder and thereunder (as applicable).  The execution, delivery and performance by each of Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party (as applicable) and the consummation by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates of the transactions contemplated by the terms of this Agreement and such Transaction Agreement (as applicable) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other action on the part of Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates, as applicable.  This Agreement has been, and each Transaction Agreement to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates will become a party will, on the Closing Date, be, duly executed and delivered by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates (as applicable), and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery hereof and thereof by each of the other parties hereto and thereto, constitutes, or will constitute, when executed and delivered, a legal, valid and binding obligation of Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates (as applicable) enforceable against Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates (as applicable) in accordance with their terms, except as limited by (a) applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, and other similar Laws and court decisions of general application, including statutory and other laws regarding fraudulent or preferential transfers relating to, limiting, or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and (b) general principles of equity, including the effect of such general principles of equity upon the specific enforceability of any of the remedies, covenants, or other provisions contained herein and therein, and their application (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity) as such principles relate to, limit, or affect the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally (clauses (a) and (b), collectively, the “Bankruptcy and Equity Exceptions”).
 
3.1.3     Noncontravention; Consents and Approvals.
 
3.1.3.1     The execution, delivery and performance by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, as applicable, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both, do not and will not (a) violate any provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other governing documents, as applicable, of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates that will be party to a Transaction Agreement, (b) violate any provision of any Law (other than antitrust and competition Laws, as to which no representation is made) or any Order, in each case applicable to Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates that will be party to a Transaction Agreement, (c) except as set forth in Section 3.1.3.1 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule or other than with respect to Contracts with dealers or distributors, violate or result in or give any Person any right of termination, cancellation, acceleration or modification in or with respect to, any material Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party, or (d) result in the creation or imposition of any material Lien (other than Permitted Liens) upon Navistar, Navistar Parent, any of their Affiliates, the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries or any of their respective properties under any Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party.
 
3.1.3.2     The execution, delivery and performance by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, as applicable, do not and will not require any consent, approval or authorization of, or filing with or notification to, any antitrust, merger control or competition Governmental Authority in the Core ROW Countries by Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, except (a) for the filings and consents set forth on Schedule 4.2.3 hereto, and (b) where the failure to take such action would not reasonably be expected to be material to Navistar and its Affiliates, taken together, or the Company. 
 
3.1.4     Absence of Certain Changes and Events.  Except as set forth in Section 3.1.4 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, since October 31, 2008, no event pertaining to Navistar or any of its Affiliates, the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business has occurred that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate with any other such event, a Material Adverse Effect on Navistar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole), the North American Severe Service Navistar Business, the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Company.
 
3.1.5     Solvency.  (a) Navistar and Navistar Parent are executing and delivering this Agreement, and, on the Closing Date, will, together with certain of their Affiliates, execute and deliver each Transaction Agreement to which each such Person will become a party, and Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates are, or will be, entering into the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (as applicable), for legitimate business purposes, and specifically, none of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates intends (whether by virtue of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements or otherwise), to hinder, defraud, or delay any of their present or future creditors, (b) except as set forth in Section 3.1.5 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates are solvent (as such term is determined for purposes of Sections 547 and 548 of Title 11 of the United States Code and under any applicable state Law, including the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, or other Law, as enacted or otherwise applicable in such applicable jurisdiction), (c) none of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is engaged in a business or a transaction, or is about to be engaged in a business or a transaction, for which any property remaining with Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is an unreasonably small amount of capital, and (d) none of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates intends to incur, or believes that it is about to incur, debts that would be beyond the ability of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates to pay as such debts become due and payable.
 
3.1.6     Contract Restrictions.  Without limiting the generality of Section 3.1.3, except as set forth in Section 3.1.6 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, none of the Company or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company shall, as of the Closing Date, be subject to any of the restrictions, covenants, terms or conditions set forth in any Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party, including any such Contract providing for the creation, incurrence or assumption of any Indebtedness of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, that could reasonably be expected to affect the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business.
 
3.1.7     Legal Compliance.
 
3.1.7.1     Except as set forth in Section 3.1.7.1 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, since October 31, 2008, Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates, (a) solely in relation to the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, have been and are in compliance in all material respects with all Laws and Orders applicable to the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, and (b) have been and are in compliance with all Laws and Orders applicable to its respective business except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Navistar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole) or the Company.
 
3.1.7.2     Except as set forth in Section 3.1.7.2 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, since October 31, 2008, none of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, (a) solely in relation to the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, (i) has been subject to any Order with respect to any material actual or alleged non-compliance by the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business with any Law or (ii) received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or any other Person with respect to any material actual or alleged non-compliance with any Law by the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, or (b) (i) has been subject to any Order with respect to any actual or alleged non-compliance with any Law or (ii) received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or any other Person with respect to any actual or alleged non-compliance with any Law, except, in each case of this clause (b), as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Navistar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole) or the Company.
 
3.1.7.3     None of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is subject to any Order that would prevent or otherwise materially restrict the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements.
 
3.1.8     Intellectual Property.
 
3.1.8.1     Except as set forth in Section 3.1.8.1 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, (a) Navistar or any of its Affiliates is the exclusive owner of the Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property or has the right to use the Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property, as currently used in the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, in accordance with any relevant license terms, in each case, free and clear of any Liens (other than Permitted Liens), (b) no Actions have been instituted or are pending or, to the Knowledge of Navistar, are threatened in writing that challenge, and, to the Knowledge of Navistar, no investigation or inquiry has been instituted or pending with respect to, the rights of Navistar or any of its Affiliates in or the validity or enforceability of the Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property; (c) to the Knowledge of Navistar, the conduct of the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business by Navistar and its Affiliates, as presently conducted, does not infringe, unlawfully dilute, misappropriate or otherwise violate in any material respect the Intellectual Property rights of any Person; and (d) to the Knowledge of Navistar, no Person is infringing, unlawfully diluting, misappropriating or otherwise violating in any material respect any of the Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property.
 
3.1.8.2     Except for non-exclusive licenses granted by Navistar or any of its Affiliates in the ordinary course of business or as set forth in Section 3.1.8.2 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, none of Navistar or any of its Affiliates has permitted or licensed any Person to use any Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property that is material to the conduct of the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business as presently conducted.
 
3.1.8.3     Section 3.1.8.3 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all Intellectual Property (i) that is used by Navistar or any of its Affiliates in the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business; (ii) that is material to the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, and (iii) to which Navistar or any of its Affiliates do not have the right to license or sublicense to (a) the Company under the Navistar-Company License Agreement, and (b) Caterpillar under the Navistar-Caterpillar Post-Termination License Agreement.
 
3.1.9     Contracts.
 
3.1.9.1     Other than with respect to the Mahindra Agreement and the MAN Agreement, Section 3.1.9.1 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule sets forth a true, correct and complete list of all Contracts of the following types to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party (collectively, the “Navistar Contracts”):
 
3.1.9.1.1.     any Contract relating to the North American Severe Service Navistar Business or the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business that creates or governs a partnership, joint venture or other similar cooperative or collaborative undertaking with a third party;
 
3.1.9.1.2.     any Contract that would reasonably be expected to restrict in any material respect any activity of the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business; and
 
3.1.9.1.3.     any Contract that would reasonably be expected to restrict in any material respect the ability of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party; and
 
3.1.9.2     Other than with respect to the Mahindra Agreement and the MAN Agreement, Navistar has provided Caterpillar (i) a true, correct and complete copy of each Navistar Contract set forth on Section 3.1.9.2(a) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, (ii) a true, correct and complete copy of the relevant provisions of each Navistar Contract set forth on Section 3.1.9.2(b) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, and (iii) a true and correct description in reasonable detail of all covenants of each Navistar Contract set forth on Section 3.1.9.2(c) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, in each case that (a) would reasonably be expected to restrict in any material respect any activity of the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business or (b) would reasonably be expected to restrict in any material respect the ability of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or any Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party.
 
3.1.10     Ownership of Certain Persons.  Except as set forth in Section 3.1.10 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, none of the Persons in which Navistar Parent owns, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or greater (but less than one hundred percent (100%)) of (a) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock or other equity interests of such Person entitled to vote or (b) the total value of all stock or other equity interests of such Person, is engaged anywhere in the ROW in any business substantially similar to or in competition with the Business (excluding the activities described in clause (b) of the definition thereof).
 
3.1.11     Mahindra.
 
3.1.11.1     The Mahindra Agreement is in full force and effect.
 
3.1.11.2     Navistar has delivered to Caterpillar a true, correct and complete copy of the non-competition provisions of the Mahindra Agreement applicable to Navistar and its Affiliates and a true, correct and complete copy of the fully executed Mahindra Waiver.
 
3.1.11.3     Pursuant to the Mahindra Agreement, International Truck and Engine Mauritius Holding Ltd. owns 49% and Mahindra & Mahindra Limited owns 51% of Mahindra Navistar Automotives Limited (f/k/a Mahindra International Private Limited).
 
3.1.11.4     The Mahindra Agreement remains in full force and effect for so long as it is not terminated in accordance with the Mahindra Agreement.
 
3.1.12     Other Contractual Representations.
 
3.1.12.1     None of Navistar or its Affiliates is a party to any agreement that would prohibit or materially restrict Caterpillar Trucks from utilizing 11L and 13L Maxxforce engines based on MAN 11L and 13L engine platforms in North America.
 
3.1.12.2     None of Navistar or its Affiliates is a party to any agreement with MAN, Robert Bosch LLC, Allison Transmission, Inc. or any of their respective Affiliates that would prohibit or materially restrict JV Dealers from performing in-house warranty and retail repairs on all truck and engine components manufactured or distributed by any of them for any truck brand.
 
3.1.13     Product Liability.  Section 3.1.13 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all Actions during the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement through the Closing Date against Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates that gave rise or would reasonably be expected to give rise to any Liability arising out of any injury to individuals or property as a result of the ownership, possession, or use of any product manufactured, sold, leased, or delivered by Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates in connection with the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, other than such Actions which in the aggregate are less than $250,000.
 
3.1.14     Disclaimer.  Except for the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Section 3.1 (and the corresponding section of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule) or in another provision of this Agreement (or, if and when executed by Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates, a Transaction Agreement), Navistar and Navistar Parent make no other representations or warranties, express or implied, at Law or in equity and Caterpillar acknowledges that it has not relied on any other representations or warranties of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates.  Other than the indemnification obligations and the remedy provisions set forth in Sections 7.2, 8, 9.12 and 9.13 hereof, none of Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates shall have or be subject to any Liability or indemnification obligation to any Caterpillar Indemnified Person or any Company Indemnified Person resulting from the use of any information relating to Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates by any Caterpillar Indemnified Person or any Company Indemnified Person, including any information, documents, materials or presentations made, or made available, to any such Person (or their respective Representatives and Affiliates), whether orally or in writing or in any other form, in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements.  Any such other representation and warranty is hereby expressly disclaimed by Navistar and Navistar Parent.
 
3.2     Representations and Warranties of Caterpillar
 
Caterpillar hereby represents and warrants to Navistar and Navistar Parent on behalf of itself, that the following statements are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that representations expressly speak to an earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties are true and correct as of such earlier date):
 
3.2.1     Organization, Qualification and Corporate Power.  Caterpillar is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the state of Delaware, and has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and to carry on its businesses as they are now being conducted.   Caterpillar has made available to Navistar true and complete copies of its certificate of incorporation and bylaws.  Caterpillar is not in default under or in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws.
 
3.2.2     Authorization of Transactions; Validity and Enforceability.  Caterpillar has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, and, subject to the obtaining and making (as applicable) of all consents and notices set forth in Section 3.2.2 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, to consummate the transactions contemplated by the terms of this Agreement and such Transaction Agreement and perform its obligations arising hereunder and thereunder.  The execution, delivery and performance by Caterpillar of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party and the consummation by Caterpillar of the transactions contemplated by the terms of this Agreement and such Transaction Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action or other action on the part of Caterpillar.  This Agreement has been, and each Transaction Agreement to which Caterpillar will become a party will, on the Closing Date, be, duly executed and delivered by Caterpillar, and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery hereof and thereof by each of the other parties hereto and thereto, constitutes, or will constitute, when executed and delivered, a legal, valid and binding obligation of Caterpillar enforceable against Caterpillar in accordance with their terms, except as limited by the Bankruptcy and Equity Exceptions.
 
3.2.3     Noncontravention; Consents and Approvals.
 
3.2.3.1     The execution, delivery and performance by Caterpillar of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both, do not and will not (a) violate any provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of Caterpillar, (b) violate any provision of any Law (other than antitrust and competition Laws, as to which no representation is made) or any Order, in each case applicable to Caterpillar, (c) except as set forth in Section 3.2.3.1 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, violate or result in or give any Person any right of termination, cancellation, acceleration or modification in or with respect to, any material Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party, or (d) result in the creation or imposition of any material Lien (other than Permitted Liens) upon Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries or any of their respective properties under any Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party.
 
3.2.3.2     The execution, delivery and performance by Caterpillar of this Agreement and each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, do not and will not require any consent, approval or authorization of, or filing with or notification to, any antitrust, merger control or competition Governmental Authority in the Core ROW Countries by Caterpillar, except (a) for the filings and consents set forth on Schedule 4.2.3 hereto, and (b) where the failure to take such action would not reasonably be expected to be material to Caterpillar and its Affiliates, taken together, or the Company.
 
3.2.4     Absence of Certain Changes and Events.  Except as set forth in Section 3.2.4 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, since December 31, 2008, no event pertaining to Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates has occurred that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate with any other such event, a Material Adverse Effect on Caterpillar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole) or the Company.
 
3.2.5     Solvency.  (a) Caterpillar is executing and delivering this Agreement, and, on the Closing Date, will, execute and deliver each Transaction Agreement to which it will become a party, and Caterpillar is, or will be, entering into the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, for legitimate business purposes, and specifically, neither Caterpillar nor any of its Affiliates intends (whether by virtue of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements or otherwise), to hinder, defraud, or delay any of their present or future creditors, (b) except as set forth in Section 3.2.5 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, Caterpillar and its Affiliates are solvent (as such term is determined for purposes of Sections 547 and 548 of Title 11 of the United States Code and under any applicable state Law, including the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, or other Law, as enacted or otherwise applicable in such applicable jurisdiction), (c) neither Caterpillar nor any of its Affiliates is engaged in a business or a transaction, or is about to be engaged in a business or a transaction, for which any property remaining with Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is an unreasonably small amount of capital, and (d) neither Caterpillar nor any of its Affiliates intends to incur, or believes that it is about to incur, debts that would be beyond the ability of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates to pay as such debts become due and payable.
 
3.2.6     Contract Restrictions.  Without limiting the generality of Section 3.2.3, except as set forth in Section 3.2.6 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, none of the Company or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company shall, as of the Closing Date, be subject to any of the restrictions, covenants, terms or conditions set forth in any Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party, including any such Contract providing for the creation, incurrence or assumption of any Indebtedness of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, that could reasonably be expected to affect the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business.
 
3.2.7     Legal Compliance.
 
3.2.7.1     Except as set forth in Section 3.2.7.1 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, since December 31, 2008, Caterpillar and its Affiliates have been and are in compliance with all Laws and Orders applicable to its respective business, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Caterpillar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole) or the Company.
 
3.2.7.2     Except as set forth in Section 3.2.7.2 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, since December 31, 2008, none of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, (a) has been subject to any Order with respect to any actual or alleged non-compliance with any Law or (b) received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or any other Person with respect to any actual or alleged non-compliance with any Law, except, in each case, as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Caterpillar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole) or the Company.
 
3.2.7.3     None of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is subject to any Order that would prevent or otherwise materially restrict the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements.
 
3.2.8     Intellectual Property.
 
3.2.8.1     Except as set forth in Section 3.2.8.1 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, (a) Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is the exclusive owner of the Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property or has the right to use the Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property in accordance with any relevant license terms, in each case, free and clear of any Liens (other than Permitted Liens), (b) no Actions have been instituted or are pending or, to the Knowledge of Caterpillar, are threatened in writing that challenge, and, to the Knowledge of Caterpillar, no investigation or inquiry has been instituted or pending with respect to, the rights of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates in or the validity or enforceability of the Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property; (c) to the Knowledge of Caterpillar, the use of the Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property in the conduct of Caterpillar’s business, as presently conducted, does not infringe, unlawfully dilute, misappropriate or otherwise violate in any material respect, the Intellectual Property rights of any Person; and (d) to the Knowledge of Caterpillar, no Person is infringing, unlawfully diluting, misappropriating or otherwise violating in any material respect any of the Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property.
 
3.2.8.2     Except for non-exclusive licenses granted by Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates in the ordinary course of business or as set forth in Section 3.2.8.2 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, none of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates has permitted or licensed any Person to use any Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property that would reasonably be expected to be material to the conduct of the Business (excluding the activities described in clause (b) of the definition thereof) as presently conducted.
 
3.2.8.3     Section 3.2.8.3 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of all  Intellectual Property owned by Caterpillar that would reasonably be expected to be directly relevant and material to the Business to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates do not have the right to license or sublicense to (a) the Company under the Caterpillar-Company License Agreement and (b) Navistar under the Caterpillar-Navistar Post Termination License Agreement.
 
3.2.9     Ownership of Certain Persons.  Except as set forth in Section 3.2.9 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, none of the Persons in which Caterpillar owns, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or greater (but less than one hundred percent (100%)) of (a) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock or other equity interests of such Person entitled to vote or (b) the total value of all stock or other equity interests of such Person, is engaged anywhere in the ROW in any business substantially similar to or in competition with the Business (excluding the activities described in clause (b) of the definition thereof).
 
3.2.10     Disclaimer.  Except for the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Section 3.2 (and the corresponding section of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule) or in another provision of this Agreement (or, if and when executed by Caterpillar, a Transaction Agreement), Caterpillar makes no other representations or warranties, express or implied, at Law or in equity and Navistar and Navistar Parent acknowledge that they and their Affiliates have not relied on any other representations or warranties of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates.  Other than the indemnification obligations and the remedy provisions set forth in Sections  7.2, 8, 9.12 and 9.13 hereof, none of Caterpillar or its Affiliates shall have or be subject to any Liability or indemnification obligation to any Navistar Indemnified Person or any Company Indemnified Person resulting from the use of any information relating to Caterpillar or its Affiliates by any Navistar Indemnified Person or any Company Indemnified Person, including any information, documents, materials or presentations made, or made available, to any such Person (or their respective Representatives and Affiliates), whether orally or in writing or in any other form, in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the Transaction Agreements.  Any such other representation and warranty is hereby expressly disclaimed by Caterpillar.
 
4.     PRE-CLOSING COVENANTS
 
The Parties agree as follows with respect to the period between the execution of this Agreement and the Closing Date.
 
4.1     Good Faith Efforts
 
4.1.1     Each of the Parties will act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to take all actions and to do all things necessary, proper or advisable in order to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including timely satisfaction of the conditions to Closing set forth in Section 5).  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each of Caterpillar, Navistar and Navistar Parent agrees to, between the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date, (a) conduct their respective businesses in the ordinary course, consistent with past practice, and (b) refrain from taking any action, or entering into any transaction, that would compete with any or all of the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business.  Without limiting the generality of this Section 4.1.1, each of Caterpillar, Navistar and Navistar Parent will, and will cause each of its Affiliates to, act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to, as soon as practicable after the date of this Agreement, agree upon each of the matters and take all of the actions, in each case, set forth in Schedule 4.1 hereto.
 
4.1.2     As soon as reasonably practicable following the execution of this Agreement, Navistar will provide to Caterpillar and its Representatives reasonable access to all due diligence materials that Caterpillar reasonably requests in connection with the determination of an appropriate adjustment, if any, to the estimated Baseline Profit Amount.  Each of the Parties will act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to reach agreement on and finalize any such adjustment within six (6) weeks after the date of this Agreement.  Any such adjustment agreed upon by the Parties will be made to the dollar amount set forth in Section 2.3.5.1 of the Company Operating Agreement.
 
4.2     Filings, Notices and Consents.
 
4.2.1     Navistar.  As promptly as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, each of Navistar and Navistar Parent will, and will cause its Affiliates to, (a) make all filings and give all notices reasonably required to be made and given in order to obtain or make (as applicable) the Navistar Required Consents and (b) act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain or make (as applicable) the Navistar Required Consents; provided, however, that Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates shall not be required to pay or commit to pay any amount to (or incur any obligation in favor of) any Person from whom any Navistar Required Consent with respect to a Contract may be required, except that Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates shall be required to pay any filing fees or application fees in connection with any Navistar Required Consents that must be obtained by or made with any Governmental Authority. Caterpillar acknowledges that certain Navistar Required Consents may be required from parties to Contracts and that such Navistar Required Consents may not be obtained.  None of Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their respective Affiliates shall have any liability whatsoever to Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates arising out of or relating to the failure to obtain any Navistar Required Consent because of the termination of any Contract as a result thereof, except to the extent that Navistar or Navistar Parent does not act, or cause its Affiliates to act, in good faith or exercise commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Navistar Required Consent in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.  Caterpillar acknowledges that no representation, warranty or covenant of Navistar or Navistar Parent contained herein shall be breached or deemed breached as a result of (A) the failure to obtain any such Navistar Required Consent, (B) any such termination, or (C) any Action commenced or threatened by or on behalf of any Person arising out of or relating to the failure to obtain any such Navistar Required Consent or any such termination, except (in the case of each of clauses (A), (B) and (C)), to the extent that Navistar or Navistar Parent does not act, or cause it Affiliates to act, in good faith or exercise commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Navistar Required Consent in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
4.2.2     Caterpillar.  As promptly as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, Caterpillar will, and will cause its Affiliates to, (a) make all filings and give all notices reasonably required to be made and given in order to obtain or make (as applicable) the Caterpillar Required Consents and (b) act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain or make (as applicable) the Caterpillar Required Consents; provided, however, that Caterpillar and its Affiliates shall not be required to pay or commit to pay any amount to (or incur any obligation in favor of) any Person from whom any Caterpillar Required Consent with respect to a Contract may be required, except that Caterpillar and its Affiliates shall be required to pay any filing fees or application fees in connection with any Caterpillar Required Consents that must be obtained by or made with any Governmental Authority. Navistar and Navistar Parent acknowledge that certain Caterpillar Required Consents may be required from parties to Contracts and that such Caterpillar Required Consents may not be obtained.  None of Caterpillar or its Affiliates shall have any liability whatsoever to Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates arising out of or relating to the failure to obtain any Caterpillar Required Consent because of the termination of any Contract as a result thereof, except to the extent that Caterpillar does not act, or cause its Affiliates to act, in good faith or exercise commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Caterpillar Required Consent in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.   Navistar and Navistar Parent acknowledge that no representation, warranty or covenant of Caterpillar contained herein shall be breached or deemed breached as a result of (A) the failure to obtain any such Caterpillar Required Consent, (B) any such termination, or (C) any Action commenced or threatened by or on behalf of any Person arising out of or relating to the failure to obtain any such Caterpillar Required Consent or any such termination, except (in the case of each of clauses (A), (B) and (C)), to the extent that Caterpillar does not act, or cause its Affiliates to act, in good faith or exercise commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such Caterpillar Required Consent in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
4.2.3     Antitrust Filings.
 
4.2.3.1     In furtherance of and not in limitation of Sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2, each of Navistar, Navistar Parent and Caterpillar undertakes and agrees to file, and cause each of its Affiliates to file, as soon as reasonably practicable after the execution of this Agreement or when such filing obligation arises as a result of the activities contemplated herein, such filings and apply for such approvals and consents as are required by the non-U.S. antitrust Governmental Authorities set forth on Schedule 4.2.3 hereto.
 
4.2.3.2     Each of Navistar, Navistar Parent and Caterpillar shall, and shall cause each of its Affiliates to, (a) respond as promptly as practicable under the circumstances to any inquiries received from any Governmental Authority enforcing applicable Laws for additional information or documentation and to all inquiries and requests received from any other Governmental Authority in connection with antitrust matters, (b) promptly notify the other Parties as to any such inquires, and (c) not extend any antitrust-related waiting period or enter into any agreement with any Governmental Authority not to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except with the prior written consent of the other Parties, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
 
4.2.3.3     Navistar, Navistar Parent and Caterpillar shall, and shall cause each of its Affiliates to, during the period between the execution of this Agreement and the Closing Date, act in good faith to avoid the entry of, or to have vacated or terminated, any Order that would restrain, prevent or delay the Closing.  Upon the mutual consent of both Navistar and Caterpillar, the Parties will contest through litigation on the merits, negotiation or other action any position or claim, including any demands for sale, divestiture or disposition of assets or business of Navistar, Navistar Parent, Caterpillar or any of their Affiliates, asserted by any Governmental Authority in connection with antitrust matters which would operate to hinder or delay the Closing.  Navistar and Caterpillar shall jointly direct and control any such litigation, negotiation or other action, with counsel of their choosing, and each agrees to reasonably cooperate with the other with respect thereto.
 
4.2.3.4     Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, none of the Parties shall have any obligation to dispose of any of its assets or businesses or to limit its freedom of action with respect to any of its assets or businesses, whether before or after the Closing, or to agree or commit to do any of the foregoing in order to obtain any consent or approval of a Governmental Authority.
 
4.2.3.5     Navistar and Caterpillar shall each be responsible for paying one-half (1/2) of all filing fees relating to compliance with (a) all of the non-U.S. antitrust Laws set forth on Schedule 4.2.3 hereto and (b) this Section 4.2.3.
 
4.2.3.6     Each Party shall, subject to applicable Law and except as prohibited by any applicable representative of any applicable Governmental Authority, (a) promptly notify the other Parties of any written or oral communication to that Party from any Governmental Authority with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (or any other matter that could reasonably be expected to affect this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby), and permit the other Parties to review in advance any proposed written communication to any of the foregoing with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (provided, however, that no Party shall be entitled to review any portion of such written communication that contains Confidential Information or otherwise sensitive information of the other Parties whose review by such Party is not reasonably necessary to facilitate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements); and (b) not agree to participate in any substantive meeting or discussion with any Governmental Authority in respect of any filings, investigation or inquiry with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby unless such Party consults with the other Parties in advance and, to the extent permitted by such Governmental Authority, gives the other Parties the opportunity to attend and participate thereat.
 
4.3     Amendment of Disclosure Schedules.
 
4.3.1     Navistar Updates.  From the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing Date and the date of termination of this Agreement, Navistar shall promptly prepare and deliver to Caterpillar a supplement or amendment to the Navistar Disclosure Schedule (each such supplement or amendment being referred to as, a “Navistar Update”), to reflect any matter arising or, to Navistar’s Knowledge, discovered after the date of this Agreement which, if existing or known by Navistar as of the execution of this Agreement, would have been required to be set forth in the Navistar Disclosure Schedule as of the date of this Agreement.  Each Navistar Update shall be deemed to have amended the Navistar Disclosure Schedule and, solely with respect to matters arising after the date of this Agreement, to have qualified the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement and, accordingly, no such representation or warranty will be deemed to be inaccurate or to have been breached by reason of such development.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Navistar Update shall be deemed to have (i) qualified or cured any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty existing as of the date of this Agreement, (ii) qualified or cured any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty for purposes of determining the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 5, or (iii) modified a Party’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.
 
4.3.2     Caterpillar Updates.  From the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing Date and the date of termination of this Agreement, Caterpillar shall promptly prepare and deliver to Navistar a supplement or amendment to the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule (each such supplement or amendment being referred to as, a “Caterpillar Update”), to reflect any matter arising or, to Caterpillar’s Knowledge, discovered after the date of this Agreement which, if existing or known by Caterpillar as of the execution of this Agreement, would have been required to be set forth in the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule as of the date of this Agreement.  Each Caterpillar Update shall be deemed to have amended the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule and, solely with respect to matters arising after the date of this Agreement, to have qualified the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement and, accordingly, no such representation or warranty will be deemed to be inaccurate or to have been breached by reason of such development.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Caterpillar Update shall be deemed to have (i) qualified or cured any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty existing as of the date of this Agreement, (ii) qualified or cured any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty for purposes of determining the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 5, or (iii) modified a Party’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.
 
4.4     Access to Information.
 
4.4.1     Navistar.  Except as set forth in Section 4.4.1 of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing Date and the date of termination of this Agreement, Navistar, Navistar Parent and each of their Affiliates will provide to Caterpillar and its Representatives reasonable access to all documents and information that Caterpillar reasonably requests in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements (whether such request is made before, on or after the date of this Agreement), except to the extent that doing so would result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, or that Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is required by Law to withhold, or the provision of which would constitute a breach of a Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party; provided, that Navistar shall provide to Caterpillar a reasonably detailed summary of any such documents if such summary would not result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, is permissible under Law and would not constitute a breach of a Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party; provided further, with respect to such documents a summary of which (a) would result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates, (b) is not permissible under Law or (c) would constitute a breach of a Contract to which Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates is a party, Navistar shall provide to Caterpillar a list of the names of, and parties to, such documents.  The information Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates receive from Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates in the course of the reviews contemplated by this Section 4.4.1 shall be considered Confidential Information.
 
4.4.2     Caterpillar.  Except as set forth in Section 4.4.2 of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing Date and the date of termination of this Agreement, Caterpillar and each of its Affiliates will provide to Navistar and its Representatives reasonable access to all documents and information that Navistar or Navistar Parent reasonably requests in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements (whether such request is made before, on or after the date of this Agreement), except to the extent that doing so would result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, or that Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is required by Law to withhold, or the provision of which would constitute a breach of a Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party; provided, that Caterpillar shall provide to Navistar a reasonably detailed summary of any such documents if such summary would not result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, is permissible under Law and would not constitute a breach of a Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party; provided further, with respect to such documents a summary of which (a) would result in a loss of attorney-client privilege for Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates, (b) is not permissible under Law or (c) would constitute a breach of a Contract to which Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates is a party, Caterpillar shall provide to Navistar a list of the names of, and parties to, such documents.  The information Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates receive from Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates in the course of the reviews contemplated by this Section 4.4.2 shall be considered Confidential Information.
 
4.5     Exclusivity.
 
4.5.1     Navistar.  From the date hereof through the Closing Date, unless and until this Agreement shall have been terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 7, none of Navistar, Navistar Parent, any of their Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives shall, except as expressly permitted by this Section 4.5.1, directly or indirectly: (a) authorize, execute, consummate or enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, understanding, agreement or commitment with respect to any Navistar Alternative Transaction or (b) initiate, solicit, respond to or encourage (including by way of furnishing information or assistance) any proposal or offer or enter into, engage in or continue any discussions or negotiations with any party (other than Caterpillar and its Affiliates and Representatives) concerning any Navistar Alternative Transaction.  Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates and Representatives shall cease immediately all discussions and negotiations regarding any Navistar Alternative Transaction that commenced prior to the date of this Agreement and are in progress on the date of this Agreement.  Each of Navistar and Navistar Parent shall promptly advise Caterpillar in writing of any proposal or offer that it or any of its Affiliates receives from a third party (orally or in writing) after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing to enter into any Navistar Alternative Transaction or any inquiry that Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates receives from a third party (orally or in writing) after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing that would reasonably be expected to lead to an offer to enter into any Navistar Alternative Transaction.  For purposes hereof, “Navistar Alternative Transaction” means (i) any joint venture or strategic alliance involving Navistar, Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates that is similar to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements, (ii) any joint venture or strategic alliance involving the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, excluding Blue Diamond, IVECO Trucks Australia Limited and the Mahindra JV, in each case as currently conducted or contemplated to be conducted in the definitive, binding agreement governing such joint venture or strategic alliance as in effect on January 1, 2009, or (iii) any transaction (other than a Navistar Change in Control) that would reasonably be expected to prevent, impede or delay (either directly or indirectly) the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements.
 
4.5.2     Caterpillar.  From the date hereof through the Closing Date, unless and until this Agreement shall have been terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 7, none of Caterpillar, any of its Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives shall, except as expressly permitted by this Section 4.5.2, directly or indirectly: (a) authorize, execute, consummate or enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, understanding, agreement or commitment with respect to any Caterpillar Alternative Transaction or (b) initiate, solicit, respond to or encourage (including by way of furnishing information or assistance) any proposal or offer or enter into, engage in or continue any discussions or negotiations with any party (other than Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates and Representatives) concerning any Caterpillar Alternative Transaction.  Caterpillar and its Affiliates and Representatives shall cease immediately all discussions and negotiations regarding any Caterpillar Alternative Transaction that commenced prior to the date of this Agreement and are in progress on the date of this Agreement.  Caterpillar shall promptly advise Navistar in writing of any proposal or offer that it or any of its Affiliates receives from a third party (orally or in writing) after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing to enter into any Caterpillar Alternative Transaction or any inquiry that Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates receives from a third party (orally or in writing) after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing that would reasonably be expected to lead to an offer to enter into any Caterpillar Alternative Transaction.  For purposes hereof, “Caterpillar Alternative Transaction” means (i) any joint venture or strategic alliance involving Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates that is similar to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements or (ii) any transaction (other than a Caterpillar Change in Control) that would reasonably be expected to prevent, impede or delay (either directly or indirectly) the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements.
 
4.6     Expected Liability Determinations.
 
4.6.1     Caterpillar Expected Liability Determination.  No later than two (2) Business Days prior to Closing, Caterpillar shall provide Navistar written notice of a breach of any representation or warranty of Navistar or Navistar Parent set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement of which Caterpillar has Knowledge and whether it reasonably believes that the Caterpillar Expected Liabilities resulting from such breach will be greater or less than the Materiality Threshold set forth in Section 5.4 (each such notification, a “Caterpillar Expected Liabilities Determination”); provided however, that Caterpillar will, if earlier, so inform Navistar within ten (10) Business Days after Caterpillar’s internal or external legal counsel becomes aware of such breach.
 
4.6.2     Navistar Expected Liability Determination.  No later than two (2) Business Days prior to Closing, Navistar shall provide Caterpillar written notice of a breach of any representation or warranty of Caterpillar set forth in Section 3.2 of this Agreement of which Navistar has Knowledge and whether it reasonably believes that the Caterpillar Expected Liabilities resulting from such breach will be greater or less than the Materiality Threshold set forth in Section 5.4 (each such notification, a “Navistar Expected Liabilities Determination”); provided however, that Navistar will, if earlier, so inform Caterpillar within ten (10) Business Days after Navistar’s internal or external legal counsel becomes aware of such breach.
 
5.     CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS TO CLOSE
 
5.1     Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations to Close
 
The respective obligations of each Party to consummate the transactions to be performed by it in connection with the Closing are subject to satisfaction as of the Closing of the following conditions, which conditions may be waived by the Parties:
 
5.1.1     Governmental Approvals.  All applicable waiting periods (and any extensions) required under any Laws applicable to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements will have expired or otherwise been terminated, and the Parties will have received all other necessary authorizations, consents and approvals of any Governmental Authority, all of which must be final and non-appealable.
 
5.1.2     No Orders or Laws; Illegality.  No Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any Order or any Law (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) that has the effect of making the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Agreement illegal or otherwise restraining or prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated under this Agreement or any Transaction Agreement or restraining or limiting the operations of the Company after the Closing Date; provided, that any Party that invokes this condition must (prior to doing so) have acted in good faith and used its commercially reasonable efforts to cause any such Order or Law to be terminated or vacated.
 
5.1.3     No Litigation.  There shall not be pending before any Governmental Authority or threatened in writing by any Governmental Authority any Action wherein an unfavorable injunction, judgment, order, decree, ruling, or charge would (a) prevent consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Transaction Agreements, (b) cause any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Transaction Agreements to be rescinded following consummation, (c) materially adversely affect the right of Navistar or Caterpillar to own equity interests in the Company, or (d) materially adversely affect the right of the Company to operate the Business; provided, that any Party that invokes this condition must (prior to doing so) have acted in good faith and used its commercially reasonable efforts to cause any such Action to be terminated or vacated.
 
5.1.4     Provisions; Transaction Agreements.  Each Party shall have agreed upon, in its sole discretion, (a) the content of each provision described in Schedule 4.1 hereto and (b) the execution version of each Transaction Agreement set forth in Schedule 1 hereto.
 
5.1.5     Actions.  Each of the actions described in Schedule 4.1 hereto shall have been completed.
 
5.2     Conditions to Navistar’s Obligations to Close
 
The obligations of Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates to consummate the transactions to be performed by it in connection with the Closing are subject to satisfaction as of the Closing of the following conditions, which conditions may be waived by Navistar:
 
5.2.1     Representations and Warranties.  The representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2 of this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or like wording or “Material Adverse Effect” or like wording set forth therein) as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent the representations and warranties speak as of an earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all material respects, without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or like wording or “Material Adverse Effect” or like wording set forth therein, as of such earlier date).
 
5.2.2     Covenants.  Caterpillar and its Affiliates shall have performed or complied with, in all material respects, all of the covenants and agreements required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by Caterpillar or its Affiliates at or before the Closing.
 
5.2.3     Third Party Consents and Notices.  Caterpillar and its Affiliates (a) shall have obtained or caused to be obtained, each consent or approval set forth under “Consents” in Section 5.2.3(a) of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, and (b) shall have provided or caused to be provided, all notices set forth under “Notices” in Section 5.2.3(b) of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule and shall have received no notices of termination, acceleration, amendment or cancellation as a result of any such notice.
 
5.2.4     Material Adverse Effect.  There shall not have occurred any event, fact or circumstance pertaining to Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect on Caterpillar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole), the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Company.
 
5.2.5     Certificate.  Navistar shall have received a certificate signed by Caterpillar to the effects set forth in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
 
5.2.6     Closing Deliverables.  Caterpillar shall, and shall have caused the Company to, have delivered to Navistar, Navistar Parent, their Affiliates and the Company, as applicable, all of the Closing deliverables of Caterpillar and its Affiliates and the Company pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Agreement.
 
5.3     Conditions to Caterpillar’s Obligations to Close
 
The obligations of Caterpillar and its Affiliates to consummate the transactions to be performed by it in connection with the Closing are subject to satisfaction as of the Closing of the following conditions, which conditions may be waived by Caterpillar:
 
5.3.1     Representations and Warranties.  The representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or like wording or “Material Adverse Effect” or like wording set forth therein) as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent the representations and warranties speak as of an earlier date, in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all material respects, without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or like wording or “Material Adverse Effect” or like wording set forth therein, as of such earlier date).
 
5.3.2     Covenants.  Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates shall have performed or complied with, in all material respects, all of the covenants and agreements required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates at or before the Closing.
 
5.3.3     Third Party Consents and Notices.  Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates (a) shall have obtained or caused to be obtained, each consent or approval set forth under “Consents” in Section 5.3.3(a) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule, and (b) shall have provided or caused to be provided, all notices set forth under “Notices” in Section 5.3.3(b) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule and shall have received no notices of termination, acceleration, amendment or cancellation as a result of any such notice.
 
5.3.4     Material Adverse Effect.  There shall not have occurred any event, fact or circumstance pertaining to Navistar or any of its Affiliates, the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect on Navistar and its Affiliates (taken as a whole), the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Company.
 
5.3.5     Certificate.  Caterpillar shall have received a certificate signed by Navistar and Navistar Parent to the effects set forth in Sections 5.3.1 and 5.3.2.
 
5.3.6     Closing Deliverables.  Navistar and Navistar Parent shall, and shall have caused the Company to, have delivered to Caterpillar, its Affiliates and the Company, as applicable, all of the Closing deliverables of Navistar, Navistar Parent, their Affiliates and the Company pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Agreement.
 
5.4     Materiality Threshold
 
Solely for purposes of determining the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.3.1, the failure of any representation or warranty to be true and correct shall be material if the Liabilities incurred or suffered or reasonably expected to be incurred or suffered by the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons (on the one hand) or the Navistar Indemnified Persons (on the other hand), respectively, to the extent arising out of such failure to be true and correct (without taking into account any indemnification, insurance or third party proceeds and without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or like wording or “Material Adverse Effect” or like wording set forth therein) (such Liabilities, “Caterpillar Expected Liabilities” and “Navistar Expected Liabilities,” respectively), would reasonably be expected by the non-breaching party to exceed $250,000, individually or in the aggregate (the “Materiality Threshold”).
 
6.     OTHER COVENANTS
 
6.1     General
 
In case at any time after the Closing any further actions are necessary to carry out the purposes of this Agreement, each of the Parties will take such further actions (including the execution and delivery of such further instruments and documents) as the other Parties may reasonably request, all at the sole cost and expense of the requesting Party, except to the extent the requesting Party is entitled to indemnification under Section 8.
 
6.2     Confidentiality; Public Announcements
 
6.2.1     Treatment of Confidential Information.  The Party receiving Confidential Information (a “Receiving Party”) from another Party (a “Disclosing Party”) shall (a) accord Confidential Information received by it from the Disclosing Party with the same degree of confidential treatment that it accords its similar proprietary and confidential business and technical information, which shall not be less than the care a reasonable business Person would exercise under similar circumstances, (b) use such Confidential Information only in connection with this Agreement, the applicable Transaction Agreements or the Business, and (c) not disclose any of such Confidential Information to any Person other than its Affiliates and its and their managers, directors, officers, employees, agents, advisors, Representatives, consultants, contractors, and licensees who have a need to know in connection with this Agreement, the Transaction Agreements or the Business.  The Receiving Party shall (i) notify the Persons described in clause (c) of this Section 6.2.1 of the terms of Section 6.2 and instruct them to abide by the terms of Section 6.2 and (ii) be responsible to the Disclosing Party for any disclosure or use of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information by the Persons described in clause (c) of this Section 6.2.1 contrary to the terms of this Agreement.
 
6.2.2     Permitted Disclosure.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party, without Liability for such disclosure, to the extent that such disclosure is (a) required to be made pursuant to applicable Law, stock exchange rule, any Governmental Authority, duly authorized subpoena, or court order, (b) required to be made to a court or other tribunal in connection with the enforcement of the Receiving Party’s rights under this Agreement, or (c) approved by the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party.
 
6.2.3     Disclosure Pursuant to Law.  In the event that a Party receives a subpoena or otherwise becomes aware of events which may legally require it to disclose Confidential Information, it shall promptly notify the Party that owns the Confidential Information, and cooperate with that Party (at the expense of that Party) to obtain an order quashing or otherwise modifying the scope of said subpoena or legal requirement in an effort to prevent or limit the disclosure of such Confidential Information.  In the event that such efforts are unsuccessful, a Party’s disclosure pursuant to Law shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement.
 
6.2.4     Survival of Confidentiality Obligations.  All obligations of confidentiality and all restrictions on the use of Confidential Information under this Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of four (4) years following the date of disclosure of such Confidential Information.  Upon the request of the Disclosing Party following the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Receiving Party shall, at the Disclosing Party’s option and expense, return all of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information or destroy the same, including by deleting from its computers and storage media any software, data files or CAD files containing Confidential Information, except that the Receiving Party may retain but must keep confidential (except as provided in Section 6.2.2) Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party that is necessary in connection with the enforcement of the Receiving Party’s rights under this Agreement.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if (and only if) the Closing occurs, then from and after the Closing, the provisions of Section 6.2 shall be of no further force and effect with respect to Confidential Information to which one or more Transaction Agreements is applicable and shall be superseded in their entirety by the confidentiality provisions of the applicable Transaction Agreements, including the Company Operating Agreement and the Strategic Alliance Agreement, as applicable.  Section 6.2 shall continue to apply from and after the Closing to all Confidential Information with respect to which no Transaction Agreement is applicable.
 
6.2.5     Non-Disclosure of Agreement; Publicity.  Except as may be required by applicable Law, securities regulatory authorities or stock exchange rule, no Party will make public the existence or content of this Agreement or the negotiations leading to or pursuant to this Agreement without the written consent of the other Parties; provided, that no Party shall be prohibited from disclosing the general nature of the business relationship established hereby at any time.
 
6.2.6     No License.  Other than the express licenses granted in this Agreement or the Transaction Agreements, no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, is granted, by virtue of the disclosure of Confidential Information under this Agreement, to any Intellectual Property that is now or may hereafter be owned by a Party.
 
6.3     Mahindra Waiver
 
Caterpillar and Navistar shall cause a duly authorized representative of the Company to execute immediately following the Closing a supplemental deed in the form attached as Schedule B to the Mahindra Waiver pursuant to which the Company acknowledges and agrees to comply with certain restrictions set forth in such supplemental deed.
 
7.     TERMINATION
 
7.1     Termination of Agreement
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Parties may terminate this Agreement as provided below.
 
 
 
7.1.3     Caterpillar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Navistar at any time prior to the Closing if (a) Navistar or Navistar Parent shall be in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or other agreements contained in this Agreement such that the conditions set forth in Section 5.3 would not be satisfied, (b) Caterpillar has notified Navistar of the breach in writing, and (c) the breach is not cured by the earlier of (i) ten (10) Business Days after such notice of breach or (ii) three (3) Business Days prior to the Outside Date; provided, however, that no cure period will be permitted for any such breach that by its nature cannot be cured; provided further that Caterpillar shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.1.3 if Caterpillar is then in material breach of this Agreement.
 
7.1.4     Navistar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Caterpillar at any time prior to the Closing if (a) Caterpillar shall be in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or other agreements contained in this Agreement such that the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 would not be satisfied, (b) Navistar has notified Caterpillar of the breach in writing, and (c) the breach is not cured by the earlier of (i) ten (10) Business Days after such notice of breach or (ii) three (3) Business Days prior to the Outside Date; provided, however, that no cure period will be permitted for any such breach that by its nature cannot be cured; provided further that Navistar shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.1.4. if Navistar or Navistar Parent is then in material breach of this Agreement.
 
7.1.5     Caterpillar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Navistar at any time prior to the Closing, and Navistar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Caterpillar at any time prior to the Closing, in each case, if any Order or Law contemplated by Section 5.1.2 shall have become effective, final and nonappealable; provided, however, that the Party seeking to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.1.5 has acted in good faith and used its commercially reasonable efforts to remove such Order or Law.
 
7.1.6     Caterpillar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Navistar at any time prior to the Closing if a Navistar Change in Control occurs.
 
7.1.7     Navistar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Caterpillar at any time prior to the Closing if a Caterpillar Change in Control occurs.
 
7.1.8     Navistar may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to Caterpillar at any time prior to the Closing if, pursuant to the terms of the Navistar Credit Agreement, Navistar and its applicable Affiliates shall, at the time of the Closing, not be in pro forma compliance with the obligation to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Navistar Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.1 to 1.0 after giving effect to Navistar’s (or any of its Affiliates’) investment in the Company.
 
7.2     Effect of Termination; Remedies
 
In the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1, this Agreement shall forthwith become void and have no effect (subject to Section 9.4), without any Liability on the part of any Party; provided, however, that (a) if this Agreement is validly terminated by Caterpillar pursuant to Section 7.1.3 or Section 7.1.6, or by Navistar pursuant to Section 7.1.4 or Section 7.1.7, or (b) if this Agreement is validly terminated by Navistar pursuant to Section 7.1.8, then, in the case of clause (a), the terminating Party or, in the case of clause (b), Caterpillar shall be promptly reimbursed by the other Party the out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses actually incurred by such terminating Party or Caterpillar (as applicable) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements (including reasonable legal fees actually incurred).  In the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1, the Development Agreement will be automatically terminated and become void and have no effect (subject to Section 9.16 of the Development Agreement).  If all of the conditions to Closing set forth in Section 5 of this Agreement (other than Section 5.3.1 of this Agreement) have been satisfied or waived in writing and this Agreement is validly terminated by Caterpillar pursuant to Section 7.1.3 because Caterpillar reasonably believes (as set forth in a validly delivered Caterpillar Expected Liabilities Determination) that the Caterpillar Expected Liabilities exceed the Materiality Threshold and as a result the conditions set forth in Section 5.3.1 would not be satisfied, Navistar shall not challenge Caterpillar’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1.3 (provided that the other requirements of Section 7.1.3 have been satisfied), even if Navistar believes that the Caterpillar Expected Liabilities are (or they actually are) less than the Materiality Threshold.  If all of the conditions to Closing set forth in Section 5 of this Agreement (other than Section 5.2.1 of this Agreement) have been satisfied or waived in writing and this Agreement is validly terminated by Navistar pursuant to Section 7.1.4 because Navistar reasonably believes (as set forth in a validly delivered Navistar Expected Liabilities Determination) that the Navistar Expected Liabilities exceed the Materiality Threshold and as a result the conditions set forth in Section 5.2.1 would not be satisfied, Caterpillar shall not challenge Navistar’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1.4 (provided that the other requirements of Section 7.1.4 have been satisfied), even if Caterpillar believes that the Navistar Expected Liabilities are (or they actually are) less than the Materiality Threshold.
 
7.3     No Termination on Account of Breach
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 7 or in this Agreement, and for the avoidance of doubt, (a) a breach of any provision of this Agreement by Navistar or Navistar Parent shall not entitle either Navistar or Navistar Parent to terminate this Agreement and (b) a breach of any provision of this Agreement by Caterpillar shall not entitle Caterpillar to terminate this Agreement.
 
8.     INDEMNIFICATION
 
8.1     Survival of Representations and Warranties.
 
8.1.1     Except as set forth in Sections 8.1.2 and 8.1.3, none of the representations and warranties or covenants of the Parties contained in this Agreement shall survive the Closing and, except as set forth in Sections 8.1.2 and 8.1.3, no claim for a breach of any representation, warranty or covenant may be brought by any Party after the Closing.
 
8.1.2     The representations and warranties of Navistar and Navistar Parent contained in Section 3.1.10, and the representations and warranties of Caterpillar contained in Section 3.2.9, shall survive the Closing until the 18-month anniversary of the Closing Date.
 
8.1.3     The representations and warranties of Navistar and Navistar Parent contained in Sections 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.6, 3.1.8, 3.1.9, 3.1.11, and 3.1.12, and the representations and warranties of Caterpillar contained in Sections 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.6, and 3.2.8, shall survive the Closing until the third anniversary of the Closing Date.
 
8.2     Indemnification by Navistar and Navistar Parent
 
From and after the Closing and subject to the limitations set forth in this Section 8, Navistar and Navistar Parent agree, on a joint and several basis, to indemnify the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons against, and to hold the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons harmless from, any and all Liabilities incurred or suffered by such Persons and, without duplication, one-half (or, if different, the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons’ Percentage Interest) of any and all Liabilities incurred or suffered by the Company, in each case to the extent arising out of (a) any breach of or any inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by Navistar or Navistar Parent in this Agreement or (b) any breach of or failure by Navistar or Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates to perform any covenant or obligation of Navistar or Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates set forth in this Agreement.
 
8.3     Indemnification by Caterpillar
 
From and after the Closing and subject to the limitations set forth in this Section 8, Caterpillar agrees to indemnify the Navistar Indemnified Persons against, and to hold the Navistar Indemnified Persons harmless from, any and all Liabilities incurred or suffered by such Persons and, without duplication, one-half (or, if different, the Navistar Indemnified Persons’ Percentage Interest) of any and all Liabilities incurred or suffered by the Company, in each case to the extent arising out of (a) any breach of or any inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by Caterpillar in this Agreement or (b) any breach of or failure by Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates to perform any covenant or obligation of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates set forth in this Agreement.
 
8.4     Limitations on Indemnification.
 
 
8.4.2     Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement:
 
 
 
8.4.2.3     in the event Closing occurs, no breach by Navistar or Navistar Parent or their Affiliates of any representation and warranty set forth in Section 3.1 shall be deemed to be a breach of this Agreement for any purpose hereunder, and none of Caterpillar or its Affiliates shall have any claim or recourse against any of Navistar or Navistar Parent or their respective Affiliates or Representatives, if any of Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates had, prior to the Closing, Knowledge of any such breach; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.4.2.3 shall not apply if any such breach did not result in a failure of the conditions set forth in Section 5.3.1 to be satisfied; provided, further, that if a Caterpillar Expected Liabilities Determination provided to Navistar by Caterpillar pursuant to Section 4.6.1 states that Caterpillar reasonably believes that the Caterpillar Expected Liabilities are below the Materiality Threshold, and the Liabilities incurred or suffered by the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons resulting from the breach of or inaccuracy in any of the representations and warranties contained in Section 3.1 exceed the Materiality Threshold, then for purposes of this Section 8, the amount of such Liabilities shall be deemed to be equal to $250,000, which shall be applied to the $250,000 deductible set forth in Section 8.4.2.1;
 
8.4.2.4     in the event Closing occurs, no breach by Caterpillar or its Affiliates of any representation and warranty set forth in Section  3.2 shall be deemed to be a breach of this Agreement for any purpose hereunder, and none of Navistar or Navistar Parent or their Affiliates shall have any claim or recourse against any of Caterpillar or its Affiliates or Representatives, if any of Navistar or Navistar Parent or any of their Affiliates had, prior to the Closing, Knowledge of any such breach; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.4.2.4 shall not apply if any such breach did not result in a failure of the conditions set forth in Section 5.2.1 to be satisfied; provided, further, that if a Navistar Expected Liabilities Determination provided to Caterpillar by Navistar pursuant to Section 4.6.2 states that Navistar reasonably believes that the Navistar Expected Liabilities are below the Materiality Threshold, and the Liabilities incurred or suffered by the Navistar Indemnified Persons resulting from the breach of or inaccuracy in any of the representations and warranties contained in Section 3.2 exceed the Materiality Threshold, then for purposes of this Section 8, the amount of such Liabilities shall be deemed to be equal to $250,000, which shall be applied to the $250,000 deductible set forth in Section 8.4.2.1;
 
 
8.5     Indemnification Procedures.
 
8.5.1     Claims.  As promptly as is reasonably practicable after obtaining knowledge of or receiving notice of the assertion of any claim for indemnification under any provision in Section 8.2 or 8.3 not involving a claim of the type described in Section 8.5.2, but in any event no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after first obtaining any such knowledge or receiving any such notice, the Indemnified Person shall give written notice to the Indemnifying Person of such claim, which notice shall specify in reasonable detail the facts alleged to constitute the basis for such claim and, if known, the amount of such claim, the method of computation thereof and a reference to the provision(s) of this Agreement in respect of which such right to indemnification arises; provided, that the failure of the Indemnified Person to timely give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Person of its obligations under this Section 8 except to the extent (if any) that the Indemnifying Person shall have been prejudiced thereby.
 
8.5.2     Notice of Third Party Claims.  As promptly as is reasonably practicable after obtaining knowledge of or receiving notice of the assertion of any claim, or the commencement of any suit, action, or proceeding, by any Person not a Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought under the terms of Section 8.2 or Section 8.3 (a “Third Party Claim”), but in any event no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after first obtaining any such knowledge or receiving any such notice, the Indemnified Person shall give written notice to the Indemnifying Person of such claim, suit, action, or proceeding, which notice shall specify in reasonable detail the nature of, the facts known to the Indemnified Party regarding, and, if known, the amount of, such claim, suit, action, or proceeding; provided, that the failure of the Indemnified Person to timely give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Person of its obligations under this Section 8 except to the extent (if any) that the Indemnifying Person shall have been prejudiced thereby; provided further the Indemnifying Person is not obligated to indemnify the Indemnified Person for the increased amount of Liabilities incurred with respect to such claim, suit, action, or proceeding that would otherwise not have been payable or incurred if such notice had been timely delivered.
 
8.5.3     Defense of Third Party Claims.  The Indemnifying Person will defend, in good faith and at its expense, any suit, action, or proceeding set forth in a notice delivered pursuant to Section 8.5.2 and the Indemnified Person, at its expense, may participate in the defense.  The Indemnifying Person will defend the Indemnified Person against the matter with counsel of its reasonable choice approved by the Indemnified Person, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, and the Indemnified Person may retain separate co-counsel at its sole cost and expense.  If the Indemnifying Person does not assume the defense of the Indemnified Person in a reasonably timely manner or does not defend the claim in good faith, the Indemnified Person may retain counsel, as an indemnification expense, to defend and control the defense of such suit, action, or proceeding, and the Indemnifying Person may join but not control the Indemnified Person in the defense of such suit, action, or proceeding and shall be responsible for its own costs and expenses.  The Indemnifying Person shall not consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to the matter or enter into any settlement with respect to the matter (a “Proposed Settlement”), without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, except if: (x) the relief sought is limited to money damages, and (y) the Indemnifying Person obtains an unconditional release of the Indemnified Person, in which case, (i) the Indemnifying Person shall notify the Indemnified Person in writing of the Proposed Settlement, which notification shall contain all material terms of the Proposed Settlement, and (ii) the Indemnified Person, within five (5) Business Days after receipt of the notice, shall either consent to or refuse to consent to, in writing, the Proposed Settlement; provided, however, that, if the Indemnified Person refuses to consent to the Proposed Settlement, then the Indemnified Person shall be entitled to defend and control the defense of the matter and shall irrevocably assume all Liabilities in excess of the Proposed Settlement amount, including all indemnifiable costs incurred after, but not before, the date the Indemnified Person was notified of the Proposed Settlement.  A failure of the Indemnified Person to reply to the aforementioned notice within the five (5) Business Day time frame shall be deemed to be a consent to the Proposed Settlement.
 
8.5.4     Cooperation Relating to Third Party Claims.
 
8.5.4.1     The Party defending the Third Party Claim shall promptly deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the other Parties copies of all correspondence, pleadings, motions, briefs, appeals or other written statements relating to or submitted in connection with the defense of the Third Party Claim and timely notices of, and the right to participate (as an observer) in, any hearing or court proceeding or any other proceeding relating to the Third Party Claim.  The Party defending the Third Party Claim will consider in good faith the suggestions of the other Parties with respect to the conduct of the defense.  Each Party will make available to the other Parties or their Representatives all records and other materials reasonably required by them for use in defending any Third Party Claim (subject to obtaining an agreement to maintain the confidentiality of confidential or proprietary materials in a form reasonably acceptable to the Parties).  If requested by the Party defending the Third Party Claim, the other Parties will use their commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the defending Party and its counsel in defending any Third Party Claim or, if appropriate, in making any counterclaim against the Person asserting the Third Party Claim, or any cross-complaint against any Person.  The defending Party will reimburse the other Parties for any reasonable expenses directly incurred by them in cooperating with or acting at the request of the defending Party.
 
8.6     Mitigation
 
Each Indemnified Person shall act in good faith to mitigate Liabilities in conjunction with all claims for which a party seeks indemnification under this Section 8.
 
8.7     Fraud
 
Nothing in this Agreement, including Sections 3.1.14, 3.2.10, 7.2, 8.1 and 8.4, shall be deemed to limit any rights of any Party to recover Liabilities for fraud.
 
8.8     No Waiver
 
For the avoidance of doubt, in the event Closing occurs, (a) neither Caterpillar’s failure to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1.3 nor Navistar’s failure to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7.1.4 shall constitute a waiver of the rights of any Caterpillar Indemnified Person or any Navistar Indemnified Person, respectively, with respect to any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement that Caterpillar or Navistar, respectively, did not have Knowledge of at Closing, and (b) neither the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 5.3.1 nor the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 5.2.1 shall constitute a waiver of the rights of any Caterpillar Indemnified Person or any Navistar Indemnified Person, respectively, with respect to any inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement that did not result in a failure of the conditions set forth in Section 5.3.1 or 5.2.1, respectively, to be satisfied.
 
9.     MISCELLANEOUS
 
9.1     Disclaimer
 
THE WARRANTIES OF EACH PARTY CONTAINED HEREIN ARE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING  ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ALL OF WHICH ARE HEREBY SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED AND DISCLAIMED.
 
9.2     Expenses
 
Each Party shall bear all of its own costs and expenses incurred in negotiating this Agreement.  No Party may make any offset against amounts due to another Party or any of such other Party’s Affiliates pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise.
 
9.3     Force Majeure
 
A Party shall be excused for any failure or delay in the performance of any of its obligations under this Agreement (other than for the payment of money) if such failure or delay is due to a fire, flood, earthquake, severe weather, act of God, accident, act of war, terrorism or threats of same, condition caused by national emergency, new or changed Law or any other act or cause beyond the reasonable control or without the fault of such Party, whether similar to or different from the causes above enumerated, for as long as such circumstances prevail.  The affected Party will as soon as practicable notify the other Parties of any actual or anticipated failure or delay, and such affected Party will act in good faith and use its commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any force majeure event and its consequences on performance hereunder.  The Parties shall remain liable for those obligations under this Agreement that are not affected by the force majeure event.
 
9.4     Survival
 
Irrespective of the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the rights and obligations set forth in Sections 6.2 and 7.2, 8.7 and this Section 9 shall remain in full force and effect to the extent required for their full observance and performance.
 
9.5     Good Faith Reliance on Terms of Agreement
 
The Parties hereby agree that each Party shall be entitled to rely on the provisions of this Agreement, and no Party shall be liable to any other Party for any action or refusal to act taken in good faith based on the terms of this Agreement.
 
9.6     Counterparts
 
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by means of facsimile), each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
 
9.7     Entire Agreement
 
This Agreement (including the Transaction Agreements and other documents referred to herein) constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes any prior understandings, agreements or representations by the Parties, written or oral, to the extent they relate in any way to the subject matter hereof (including (a) the Memo of Understanding, dated as of June 9, 2008, by and between Caterpillar Inc. and Navistar International Corporation, as heretofore amended from time to time, and (b) the Confidentiality Agreement entered into as of May 31, 2007 between Caterpillar Inc. and International Truck and Engine Corporation, as heretofore amended from time to time).
 
9.8     Succession and Assignment
 
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.  No Party may assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the other Parties.
 
9.9     Amendments and Waiver
 
No amendment of any provision of this Agreement shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and signed by each Party.  No waiver by a Party of any provision of this Agreement or any default, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty hereunder, whether intentional or not, shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Party making such waiver nor shall such waiver be deemed to extend to any prior or subsequent default, misrepresentation or breach of warranty hereunder or affect in any way any rights arising by virtue of any prior or subsequent such default, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty.
 
9.10     Applicable Law
 
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.
 
9.11     Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial; Specific Performance.
 
9.11.1     Venue.  All suits, actions, or proceedings brought by a Party arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any matters contemplated hereby shall be heard and determined in a state or federal court sitting in New Castle County, Delaware, U.S.A. and the Parties hereby irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action, or proceeding and irrevocably waive the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any such suit, action, or proceeding; provided, that the foregoing shall not limit the rights of the Parties to obtain judgment in any other jurisdiction or to serve process in any manner permitted by law.
 
9.11.2     Waiver of Jury Trial.  EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND ABSOLUTELY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT BY A PARTY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY MATTERS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND AGREES TO TAKE ANY AND ALL ACTION NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE TO EFFECT SUCH WAIVER.
 
9.11.3     Specific Performance.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur if any of the provisions of Section 6.2 were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached.  It is accordingly agreed that the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions solely to prevent breaches of Section 6.2 and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.  Except as provided in the preceding sentence with respect to Section 6.2, the Parties agree that neither Party shall be entitled to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
 
9.12     Exclusive Remedy
 
The Parties acknowledge and agree that except for cases of fraud or of breach of Section 6.2, (a) in the event Closing does not occur, Section 7 shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of a Party for any breach by any other Party of the representations and warranties in this Agreement and for any failure by any other Party to perform and comply with any covenants and agreements in this Agreement, (b) in the event Closing occurs, the indemnification provisions of Section 8.2 and 8.3 shall be the sole and exclusive remedies of a Party for any breach by any other Party of the representations and warranties in this Agreement and for any failure by any other Party to perform and comply with any covenants and agreements in this Agreement, and (c) anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement contained herein shall give rise to any right on the part of any Party, after the Closing, to rescind this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
9.13     Remedies Cumulative
 
The remedies provided in this Agreement shall be cumulative and, except as expressly limited in this Agreement, shall not preclude the assertion or exercise of any other rights or remedies available under law, in equity, or otherwise.
 
9.14     Severability
 
Any term or provision of this Agreement that is invalid or unenforceable in any situation in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions hereof or the validity or enforceability of the offending term or provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction.  The Parties agree to attempt in good faith to replace any such invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid and enforceable provision designed to achieve, to the extent possible under applicable law, the business purpose and intent of such invalid or unenforceable provision.
 
9.15     No Third Party Beneficiaries
 
This Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any Person other than the Parties and, to the extent expressly set forth herein, their Affiliates, the Navistar Indemnified Persons, the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons and all of their respective successors and permitted assigns.
 
9.16     Construction
 
The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement.  In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.  Any reference to any federal, state, local, or foreign statute or law shall be deemed also to refer to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise.  Unless the context requires otherwise, singular includes plural and vice versa and any gender includes every gender, and where any word or phrase is given a defined meaning, any other grammatical form of that word or phrase will have a corresponding meaning.  The word “including” shall mean “including without limitation.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “hereof,” “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereby,” or words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Section, subsection, clause or other subdivision hereof.  The word “or” shall be disjunctive but not exclusive.
 
9.17     Headings
 
The section headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
 
9.18     Notices
 
Any notice, request, instruction, or other document to be given hereunder by a Party shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (a) when received, if given in person or by courier or a courier service, (b) on the date of transmission, if sent by facsimile or other wire transmission (receipt confirmed), or (c) five (5) Business Days after being deposited in the mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid:
 
If to Caterpillar:
 
Caterpillar Inc.
100 N.E. Adams St.
Peoria, Illinois 61629-9600
Attn:  Deputy General Counsel
Facsimile:  (309) 675-1795
 
If to Navistar or Navistar Parent:
 
Navistar, Inc.
4201 Winfield Road
Warrenville, Illinois 60555
Attn:  General Counsel
Facsimile: (630) 753-2261
 
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
 
Latham & Watkins LLP
233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 5800
Chicago, Illinois  60606
Attn:  Cary R. Perlman
Facsimile:  (312) 993-9767
 
9.19     Disclosure Schedules.
 
9.19.1     A disclosure made by a Party in any Section of this Agreement or any Section of such Party’s Disclosure Schedule shall not be deemed to be a disclosure for purposes of any other Section of such Party’s Disclosure Schedule or any other Section of this Agreement unless such disclosure is sufficient on its face to with reasonable particularity inform the non-disclosing Party of information required to be disclosed in another Section of this Agreement or another Section of the Disclosure Schedule in order to avoid a misrepresentation thereunder.  In no event shall the mere listing in a Section of the Disclosure Schedule (or the mere provision by a Party of a copy) of a document or other item be deemed adequate to disclose an exception to a representation or warranty made herein (unless the representation or warranty has to do with the existence of the document or other item itself, or unless the listing of a document or item in a Section of the Disclosure Schedule informs the non-disclosing Party with reasonable particularity of an exception to such representation or warranty).
 
9.19.2     Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, nothing in any of the Disclosure Schedules attached hereto shall be deemed adequate to disclose an exception to a representation or warranty made by a Party herein unless such Disclosure Schedule identifies the exception with reasonable particularity and describes the relevant facts in reasonable detail.
 
9.20     Incorporation of Schedules and Exhibits
 
The Schedules and Exhibits identified in this Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
 
9.21     Exception to Required Use of Commercially Reasonable Efforts
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, any requirement that a Party use its commercially reasonable efforts shall not apply to matters relating to the adoption or amendment of an Annual Business Plan or a Rolling Business Plan.
 
10.     DEFINITIONS
 
The following terms when set forth in initial capital letters in this Agreement shall have the respective meanings:
 
“Act” shall mean the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, Title 6, Section 18-101, et. Seq. of the Delaware Code, and any successor statute, as the same may be amended from time to time.
 
“Action” shall mean any action, claim, lawsuit, complaint, litigation, arbitration, administrative action, proceeding, hearing or investigation, whether by or on behalf of any Person or any Governmental Authority.
 
“Affiliate” shall mean, as to any Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise; and the terms “affiliated,” “controlling,” and “controlled” have the meanings correlative of the foregoing.  A Person shall be deemed to control another Person if such first Person owns (a) greater than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock or other equity interests of such other Person entitled to vote or (b) greater than 50% of the total value of all stock or other equity interests of such other Person.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Affiliate,” as it relates to either Caterpillar, Navistar or Navistar Parent, shall be defined so as to not include the Company or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
 
“Agreement” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Bankruptcy and Equity Exceptions” is defined in Section 3.1.2.
 
“Blue Diamond” shall mean, collectively, Blue Diamond Truck S.R.L. de C.V. and Blue Diamond Parts, LLC.
 
“Business” shall have the same meaning as “Business” in the Company Operating Agreement.
 
“Business Day” shall mean any day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions or trust companies in Illinois are authorized or obligated by Law to close.
 
“Capital Contribution” is defined in the Company Operating Agreement.
 
“Caterpillar” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Caterpillar Alternative Transaction” is defined in Section 4.5.2.
 
“Caterpillar Change in Control” shall mean a Change in Control of Caterpillar.
 
“Caterpillar-Company License Agreement” shall mean the Intellectual Property License Agreement whereby Caterpillar and its Affiliates shall license to the Company certain Intellectual Property.
 
“Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule” shall mean the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule set forth in the letter, dated as of the date hereof, delivered by Caterpillar to Navistar and Navistar Parent prior to the execution of this Agreement.
 
“Caterpillar Expected Liabilities” is defined in Section 5.4.
 
“Caterpillar Expected Liabilities Determination” is defined in Section 4.6.1.
 
“Caterpillar Indemnified Person” shall mean Caterpillar and its Affiliates and their respective successors, assigns, agents, employees, officers, and directors.
 
“Caterpillar Licensed Intellectual Property” shall mean all Intellectual Property to be licensed by Caterpillar and its Affiliates to the Company pursuant to the Caterpillar-Company License Agreement.
 
“Caterpillar Required Consents” shall mean all of the consents, filings and notices that are required to be set forth in Section 5.2.3(a) of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule.
 
“Caterpillar Trucks” has the meaning given in the Strategic Alliance Agreement.
 
“Caterpillar Update” is defined in Section 4.3.2.
 
“Change in Control” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any of the following:  (a) a sale of all or substantially all of such Person’s assets (whether directly or indirectly through one or more of such Person’s subsidiaries or Affiliates) to one or more Competing Persons, (b) a sale of more than 50% of all of the outstanding voting equity interests in such Person to one or more Competing Persons acting individually or as a “group” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (c) a merger or consolidation of such Person with one or more Competing Persons in which the stockholders of such Competing Persons as of immediately prior to the record date pertaining to such merger or consolidation are in control of the Person surviving such merger or consolidation, and (d) the entry by such Person into a definitive agreement with respect to any of the transactions described in clauses (a), (b) and (c) or the public announcement by one or more Competing Persons (acting individually or as a "group" under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) of their intent to acquire more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting equity interests in such Person, in the case of each of clauses (a), (b), and (c), in a single transaction or through a series of related transactions.  For purposes of clause (c) of the immediately preceding sentence, the term “control” when used with respect to any Person means the ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting equity interests in such Person.
 
“Closing” is defined in Section 2.1.
 
“Closing Date” is defined in Section 2.1.
 
"Company" is defined in Section 1.1.
 
“Company Indemnified Person” is defined in the Company Operating Agreement.
 
“Company Operating Agreement” is defined in Section 2.2.1.
 
“Competing Person” shall mean, as to any particular time, (a) a Person that manufactures trucks that are in competition with any or all of the ROW Defined Business, any business of Caterpillar that generated more than $300,000,000 in annual revenue during the then most recent complete fiscal year of Caterpillar, or any business of Navistar that generated more than $300,000,000 in annual revenue during the then most recent complete fiscal year of Navistar, and (b) any subsidiary or Affiliate of such Person.
 
“Confidential Information” shall mean information disclosed by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party in connection with this Agreement that is confidential or proprietary.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information does not include information that is (a) at the time of its disclosure, or thereafter becomes, part of the public domain through no act or fault of the Receiving Party, (b) known to the Receiving Party at the time of its disclosure by the Disclosing Party, (c) independently developed by the Receiving Party without reference to the information disclosed, or (d) rightfully disclosed to the Receiving Party by a third party not subject to an obligation of confidentiality with respect to the information disclosed.
 
“Contract” shall mean any agreement, contract, lease, sublease, note, loan, evidence of Indebtedness, indenture, guarantee, purchase order, letter of credit, franchise agreement, undertaking, covenant not to compete, employment agreement, license, sublicense, instrument, obligation, commitment, purchase and sales order, quotation and other executory commitment, whether oral or written, express or implied, and that pursuant to its terms has not expired, terminated or been fully performed by the parties thereto.
 
“Core ROW Countries” shall mean China, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, and Turkey.
 
“Development Agreement” shall mean that certain Development Agreement, dated as of September 3, 2008, between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
“Disclosing Party” is defined in Section 6.2.1.
 
“Disclosure Schedule” shall mean the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule and the Navistar Disclosure Schedule.
 
“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles and practices applied on a consistent basis.
 
“Governmental Authority” shall mean any domestic or foreign governmental, administrative, legislative, judicial, regulatory or arbitral authority.
 
“Heavy Duty Truck” is defined in the Company Operating Agreement.
 
“Indebtedness” shall mean, with respect to any Person, the sum of the following (without duplication):  (a) all Liabilities of such Person for borrowed money, including any and all interest, prepayment penalties, premiums, fees and expenses, breakage and similar charges payable); (b) all Liabilities of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments or under any interest rate swap agreements or other derivative instruments; (c) all Liabilities of such Person as lessee under leases that have been or should be, in accordance with GAAP, recorded on the balance sheet of such Person on account of capital leases plus all balloon, residual, buy back or similar payments payable or otherwise required to convey to the company good and valid title to the related underlying assets, free and clear of all Liens; (d) all Liabilities of such Person under acceptance, letter of credit or similar facilities or by which a Person otherwise assures a creditor against loss, other than Liabilities of such Person under letters of credit created in the ordinary course of business of such Person; and (e) all indebtedness of others referred to in clauses (a) through (d) above guaranteed directly or indirectly in any manner by such Person.
 
“Indemnified Person” shall mean the Person or Persons entitled to, or claiming a right to, indemnification under Section 8.
 
“Indemnifying Person” shall mean the Person or Persons obligated to provide indemnification under Section 8.
 
“Intellectual Property” shall mean trade secrets, ideas, inventions, designs, utility models, developments, devices, methods or processes (whether patented or patentable and whether or not reduced to practice) and all patents and patent applications related thereto; copyrightable works and mask works (whether or not registered); trademarks, service marks and trade dress; all registrations and applications for registration related thereto; know-how; and all other intellectual or industrial property rights in any jurisdiction.
 
“Knowledge” shall mean the actual knowledge, following reasonable inquiry, of (a) with respect to Navistar, those Persons listed in Section A of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule and (b) with respect to Caterpillar, those Persons listed in Section A of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule.  The standard of reasonable inquiry set forth in the preceding sentence shall include making reasonable inquiry of those Persons who report directly to any of the Persons listed in Section A of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule and Section A of the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, as applicable.
 
“Law” shall mean any foreign or domestic law, statute, code, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, judgment, writ, stipulation, award, injunction or decree of a Governmental Authority.
 
“Liabilities” means any and all liability, debt, obligation, deficiency, Tax, penalty, fine, claim, cause of action, or other loss, fee, cost or expense of any kind or nature whatsoever, in each case whether asserted or unasserted, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated, and whether due or to become due and regardless of when asserted.
 
“Lien” shall mean any lien, pledge, claim, security interest, encumbrance or similar interest of any kind whatsoever.
 
“Mahindra Agreement” shall mean that certain Joint Venture Agreement, dated November 17, 2005, by and among Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, International Truck and Engine Corporation, Mahindra International Private Limited, International Truck and Engine Mauritius Holding Ltd. and International Truck and Engine Corporation Cayman Islands Holding Company.
 
“Mahindra JV” shall mean the joint venture that exists pursuant to the Mahindra Agreement.
 
“Mahindra Territory” shall mean India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Malaysia.
 
“Mahindra Waiver” shall mean that certain Waiver of Certain Provisions to Joint Venture Agreement to be entered into by and among Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, Navistar Inc. (f/k/a International Truck and Engine Corporation), Mahindra Navistar Automotives Limited (f/k/a Mahindra International Private Limited), International Truck and Engine Mauritius Holding Ltd. and International Truck and Engine Corporation Cayman Islands Holding Company substantially in the form agreed to by the Parties.
 
“MAN” shall mean MAN Nutzfahreuge AG, a company of the Federal Republic of Germany.
 
“MAN Agreement” shall mean, collectively, that certain Strategic Cooperation Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2004, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Strategic Cooperation Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2004, that certain Genesis Engine Project Development and License Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2004, and that certain Supply Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2007, each by and between MAN and International Truck and Engine Corporation.
 
“Material Adverse Effect” shall mean, with respect to any Person, the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, any change, event, development or effect that would be materially adverse to the business, assets, Liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations, in each case, when viewed on both a short-term basis and a long-term basis, of such Person (and such Person’s Affiliates, taken as a whole), the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, or to the ability of such Person to consummate timely the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, that none of the following shall be deemed to constitute, and none of the following shall be taken into account in determining whether there has been, a Material Adverse Effect: (a) any adverse change, event, development, or effect arising from or relating to (i) general business or economic conditions, (ii) national or international political or social conditions, including the engagement by the United States in hostilities, whether or not pursuant to the declaration of a national emergency or war, or the occurrence of any military or terrorist attack upon the United States, or any of its territories, possessions, or diplomatic or consular offices or upon any military installation, equipment or personnel of the United States, (iii) financial, banking, credit, or securities markets, including any disruption thereof and any decline in the price of any security or any market index, (iv) changes in GAAP, (v) changes in Laws, (vi) the taking of any action required by this Agreement or any Transaction Agreement, or (vii) the disclosure of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, (b) any existing event, occurrence, or circumstance that is disclosed in reasonable detail on the Navistar Disclosure Schedule or the Caterpillar Disclosure Schedule, and (c) any adverse change in or effect on such Person, the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business or the Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business that is cured before the earlier of (i) the Closing Date and (ii) the date on which this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 7.
 
“Materiality Threshold” is defined in Section 5.4.
 
“Medium Duty Truck” is defined in the Company Operating Agreement.
 
“Navistar” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Navistar Alternative Transaction” is defined in Section 4.5.1.
 
“Navistar Change in Control” shall mean a Change in Control of Navistar.
 
“Navistar-Caterpillar Post-Termination License Agreement” shall mean the Post-Termination License Agreement whereby, upon termination of the Company Operating Agreement, Navistar and its Affiliates shall license to Caterpillar certain Intellectual Property.
 
“Navistar-Company License Agreement” shall mean the Intellectual Property License Agreement whereby Navistar and its Affiliates shall license to the Company certain Intellectual Property.
 
“Navistar Contracts” is defined in Section 3.1.9.
 
“Navistar Credit Agreement” shall mean that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 19, 2007, as may be amended from time to time, among Navistar International Corporation (as Borrower), the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as Administrative Agent), Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (as Syndication Agent), Banc of America Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (as Co-Documentation Agents), J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. (as Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner), Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (as Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner), and Banc of America Securities LLC (as Joint Lead Arranger).
 
“Navistar Disclosure Schedule” shall mean the Navistar Disclosure Schedule set forth in the letter, dated as of the date hereof, delivered by Navistar and Navistar Parent to Caterpillar prior to the execution of this Agreement.
 
“Navistar Expected Liabilities” is defined in Section 5.4.
 
“Navistar Expected Liabilities Determination” is defined in Section 4.6.2.
 
“Navistar Indemnified Person” shall mean Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates, and their respective successors, assigns, agents, employees, officers, and directors.
 
“Navistar Licensed Intellectual Property” shall mean all Intellectual Property to be licensed by Navistar and its Affiliates to the Company pursuant to the Navistar-Company License Agreement.
 
“Navistar Parent” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Navistar Required Consents” shall mean all of the consents, filings and notices that are required to be set forth set forth in Section 5.3.3(a) of the Navistar Disclosure Schedule.
 
“Navistar Update” is defined in Section 4.3.1.
 
“North American Severe Service Navistar Business” shall mean Navistar’s development, production, sales and support of Caterpillar Trucks pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Strategic Alliance Agreement and its Related Agreements (as defined in the Strategic Alliance Agreement).
 
“Order” shall mean any award, decision, injunction, judgment, order, decree, ruling, subpoena, or verdict entered, issued, made, or rendered by any court, administrative agency, or other Governmental Authority or by any arbitrator.
 
“Outside Date” is defined in Section 7.1.2.
 
“Party” or “Parties” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Permitted Liens” means (a) Liens for Taxes that are not yet delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP; (b) workers’, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s, suppliers’, carriers’ or similar Liens arising in the ordinary course of business with respect to obligations that are not yet delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP; (c) covenants, zoning restrictions, easements, licenses, or other restrictions on the use of real property or other irregularities in title (including leasehold title) thereto that do not or would not reasonably be expected to materially impair the use of such real property, leases or leasehold estates; and (d) Liens released at or prior to the Closing.
 
“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock, or other company, business trust, trust, organization, Governmental Authority, or other entity of any kind.
 
“Proposed Settlement” is defined in Section 8.5.3.
 
“Receiving Party” is defined in Section 6.2.1.
 
“Representatives” shall mean the officers, employees, consultants, agents, accountants, attorneys, and other representatives of a Person.
 
“ROW” shall mean every country in the world other than the United States (which shall exclude all territories thereof other than Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico and the Mahindra Territory.
 
“ROW Defined Business” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (a) developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembling, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor, and (b) licensing to any other Person the right to perform the actions set forth in clause (a) on behalf of such first Person or its subsidiaries, in each case, as conducted by such first Person and its subsidiaries from time to time in the ROW.
 
“ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Company Business” shall mean (a) developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembling, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor, and (b) licensing to any Person the right to perform the actions set forth in clause (a) on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries, in each case, as conducted by the Company and its subsidiaries from time to time in the ROW.
 
“ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business” shall mean (a) developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembling, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor, and (b) licensing to any Person the right to perform the actions set forth in clause (a) on behalf of Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates, in each case, as conducted by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates from time to time in the ROW.
 
“Strategic Alliance Agreement" is defined in Schedule 1 hereto.
 
“Tax” means any federal, state, local or foreign net income, alternative or add-on minimum tax, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, value-added, transfer, franchise, profits, license, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, environmental or windfall profit tax, custom, duty or other tax of any kind whatsoever imposed by any Taxing Authority.
 
“Taxing Authority” means any Governmental Authority responsible for the administration or imposition of any Tax.
 
“Third Party Claim” is defined in Section 8.5.2.
 
“Transaction Agreements” shall mean each agreement described in Section 2.2.
 
“Worldwide Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business” shall mean (a) developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembling, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor, and (b) licensing to any Person the right to perform the actions set forth in clause (a) on behalf of Navistar, Navistar Parent or their Affiliates, in each case, as conducted by Navistar, Navistar Parent and their Affiliates from time to time anywhere in the world.
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Caterpillar, Navistar and Navistar Parent have caused this Truck Business Relationship Agreement to be signed by their respective duly authorized representatives as of the day and year first above written.
 

 
CATERPILLAR INC.
 
By:     /s/ James W. Owens
Name:     James W. Owens
Its:     Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

 
NAVISTAR, INC.
 
By:     /s/ Daniel C. Ustian
Name:     Daniel C. Ustian
Its:     Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
NAVISTAR INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
 
By:     /s/ Daniel C. Ustain
Name:     Daniel C. Ustian
Its:     Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE 1

ROW JV AGREEMENTS

1.     Company Operating Agreement.
 
2.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 1 between the Company and Caterpillar whereby the Company agrees to purchase and Caterpillar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
3.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 2 between the Company and Navistar whereby the Company agrees to purchase and Navistar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
4.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 3 between Navistar and Caterpillar whereby Navistar agrees to purchase and Caterpillar agrees to sell the components described therein.
 
5.     Master Terms for Purchased Services between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar agrees to provide certain services to the Company.
 
6.     Master Terms for Purchased Services between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to provide certain services to the Company.
 
7.     Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar and its Affiliates grant to the Company a royalty-free license to the Intellectual Property described therein.
 
8.     Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar and its Affiliates grant to the Company a royalty-free license to the Intellectual Property described therein.
 
9.     Trademark License Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar agrees to license the trademarks described therein to the Company.
 
10.     Trademark License Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to license the trademarks described therein to the Company.
 
11.     Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby the Company grants Caterpillar a royalty-bearing license to utilize the Intellectual Property described therein.
 
12.     Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby the Company grants Navistar a royalty-bearing license to utilize the Intellectual Property described therein.
 
13.     Master Development Services Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by the Company.
 
14.     Master Development Services Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by the Company.
 
15.     Purchase Schedule to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 2 between Navistar and the Company whereby Navistar agrees to sell and the Company agrees to purchase the components that are part of complete knock-down kits for JV Trucks to be sold in South Africa, Australia and Russia immediately following the Closing.
 
16.     Purchase Schedule to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 1 between Caterpillar and the Company whereby Caterpillar agrees to sell and the Company agrees to purchase the components that are part of complete knock-down kits for JV Trucks to be sold in South Africa, Australia and Russia immediately following the Closing.
 
17.     Truck Sales Agreement between Navistar and the Company setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by Navistar to the Company (the “ROW TSA”).
 
18.     Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar agrees to second certain employees to the Company.
 
19.     Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to second certain employees to the Company.
 
20.     Sharing Agreement between Caterpillar and Navistar setting forth their respective rights and obligations regarding certain profit sharing matters.
 
NORTH AMERICAN SEVERE SERVICE AGREEMENTS
 
1.     NASS Strategic Alliance Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar (the “Strategic Alliance Agreement”).
 
2.     NASS Truck Sales Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
3.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 4 between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
4.     NASS Master Development Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
5.     NASS General Terms.
 
6.     NASS Program Description No. 1.
 
CROSSOVER AGREEMENTS
 
1.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 5 between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
2.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 6 between Caterpillar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to sell and Caterpillar agrees to purchase the replacement parts described therein.
 
3.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 7 between Navistar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to sell and Navistar agrees to purchase the replacement parts described therein.
 
4.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 9 between Caterpillar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to sell and Caterpillar agrees to purchase the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
5.     Master Component Supply Agreement No. 8 between Navistar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to sell and Navistar agrees to purchase the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
 
 
SCHEDULE 4.1
 
I.     ITEMS TO BE AGREED UPON.
 
A.     ROW JV.
 
1.     The plans for each of Russia, South Africa and Australia with respect to definitive branding strategy, a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company (together with an introduction date for each such model) and a selection of the JV Dealer(s) and incorporation of such agreed upon plans into the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan.
 
2.     Mutually acceptable agreement regarding the Company’s purchase of inventory and related assets associated with the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, which agreement will not be unreasonably withheld by Caterpillar or Navistar.
 
3.     Mutually acceptable agreement (e.g., assumption by the Company, sublease by Navistar to the Company, termination by Navistar, or otherwise) regarding contracts related to the ROW Medium and Heavy Duty Truck Navistar Business, including those contracts identified on Schedule 4.1(a), which agreement will not be unreasonably withheld by Caterpillar or Navistar.
 
4.     Initial Staffing Plan.1
 
5.     Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company and Navistar, whereby Navistar agrees to second certain employees to the Company.
 
6.     Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar, whereby Caterpillar agrees to second certain employees to the Company.
 
7.     Initial compensation plans applicable to Company employees.
 
8.     Initial incentive compensation plans applicable to Company employees and Company seconded personnel.
 
9.     JV Dealer Agreement(s) for JV Dealers selling Navistar Truck Models.
 
10.     JV Dealer Agreement(s) for JV Dealers selling Caterpillar Truck Models.
 
11.     Heavy Duty COE Truck Sales Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby the Company agrees to sell Heavy Duty COE Trucks to Navistar for re-sale in North America.
 
12.     North American Medium Duty COE Truck Sales Agreement between the Company and Navistar whereby the Company agrees to sell North American Medium Duty COE Trucks to Navistar for re-sale in North America.
 
13.     Heavy Duty COE Truck Master Development Services Agreement whereby the Company agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by Navistar for Navistar’s Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America.
 
14.     North American Medium Duty COE Truck Master Development Services Agreement whereby the Company agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by Navistar for Navistar’s North American Medium Duty COE Trucks sold in North America.
 
15.     Vocational Heavy Duty COE Truck Sales Agreement between the Company and Caterpillar whereby the Company agrees to sell Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks to Caterpillar for re-sale in North America.
 
16.     Vocational Heavy Duty COE Truck Master Development Services Agreement whereby the Company agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by Caterpillar for Caterpillar’s Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America.
 
17.     Post-Termination Truck Sales Agreement2 between Caterpillar and Navistar setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by Navistar to Caterpillar.
 
18.     Post-Termination Truck Sales Agreement2 between the Company and Caterpillar setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by the Company to Caterpillar.
 
19.     Post-Termination Truck Sales Agreement2 between the Company and Navistar setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by the Company to Navistar.
 
20.     Post-Termination Truck Sales Agreement2 between Navistar and the Company setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by Navistar to the Company.
 
21.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement3 between Caterpillar and Navistar whereby Caterpillar agrees to purchase and Navistar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
22.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement3 between Navistar and Caterpillar whereby Navistar agrees to purchase and Caterpillar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
23.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement4 between Caterpillar and the Company whereby Caterpillar agrees to purchase and the Company agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
24.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement4 between the Company and Caterpillar whereby the Company agrees to purchase and Caterpillar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
25.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement4 between Navistar and the Company whereby Navistar agrees to purchase and the Company agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
26.     Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreement4 between the Company and Navistar whereby the Company agrees to purchase and Navistar agrees to sell the components, parts and other products described therein.
 
27.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between Caterpillar and Navistar whereby Caterpillar agrees to provide certain transition services to Navistar.
 
28.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between Navistar and Caterpillar whereby Navistar agrees to provide certain transition services to Caterpillar.
 
29.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between the Company and Caterpillar whereby Caterpillar agrees to provide certain transition services to the Company.
 
30.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to provide certain transition services to the Company.
 
31.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between Caterpillar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to provide certain transition services to Caterpillar.
 
32.     Post-Termination Transition Services Agreement5 between Navistar and the Company whereby the Company agrees to provide certain transition services to Navistar.
 
33.     Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreement6 between Caterpillar and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to pay a marketing services fee to Caterpillar.
 
34.     Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreement6 between the Company and Navistar whereby Navistar agrees to pay a marketing services fee to the Company (if buy-out of Navistar's interest by Caterpillar).
 
35.     Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreement6 between the Company and Caterpillar whereby the Company agrees to pay a marketing services fee to Caterpillar (if buy-out of Caterpillar's interest by Navistar).
 
36.     Engine strategy that meets the Company's product needs through the expiration of Euro IV and Euro V emissions standards, and all necessary consents and authorizations satisfactory to Caterpillar and Navistar to allow the Company to carry out such engine strategy.
 
37.     Adjustment of the Baseline Profit Amount in accordance with Section 4.1.2 of the Truck Business Relationship Agreement.
 
38.     Finalization of invoice timing and passage of title under the ROW TSA with respect to JV Trucks sent to body builders or truck processing centers prior to delivery to Buyer.
 
39.     Metrics for Navistar's on-time delivery performance and quality performance for trucks sold to the Company.
 
40.     Company truck equipment manufacturer (“TEM”) strategy and the rights of Caterpillar and Navistar with respect thereto.
 
41.     Statements of Work under the Master Terms for Purchased Services between Navistar and the Company and the Master Terms for Purchased Services between Caterpillar and the Company, for the provision of services to the Company including Statements of Work for: (a) Contract Administration; Warranty Recovery; Supplier Negotiations; (b) General Accounting and Finance; (c) Financial Management/Treasury; (d) General IT Services; (e) Marketing Services; (f) Marketing Research; (g) Purchasing; (h) Application Software/System Development; (i) Technical Services Support; (j) Parts and Service; (k) Payroll; (l) HR and Employee Benefits Administration; (m) Safety; (n) Environmental Services; (o) Compliance; (p) Audit; (q) Tax; and (r) Research and Development Services and Engineering Services other than such services related to product design and product development (including manufacturing engineering, application engineering and sales engineering).
 
42.     Mutually acceptable agreement regarding the Company’s purchase of IIAA’s ICMS tax credits, which agreement will not be unreasonably withheld by Caterpillar or Navistar.
 
B.     NORTH AMERICAN SEVERE SERVICE.
 
1.     Strategic Alliance Agreement:
 
a.     2.1.b. Exclusions from Keep Fair Standard (including Ex. G to the Strategic Alliance Agreement).
 
b.     2.3.b.ii. Dashboard Methodology in the Strategic Alliance Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
c.     3.2.d. Methodology to determine "Obligation Range" in the Strategic Alliance Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
d.     7.2.c.ii. Finalize Material Breach Cure Periods.
 
e.     7.3. Contractual Structure for the post-termination supply of Caterpillar Trucks (where applicable).
 
f.     9.12. Survival and Post-Termination agreements.
 
2.     NASS Truck Sales Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar:
 
a.     Sections 2.11.1 and 2.11.2 - Sale of Trucks within the Territory and export outside the Territory.
 
b.     Section 5.7.b. - Emissions Compliance for use outside the Territory – (linked to a. above).
 
c.     Section 7.6 - Survival rights and obligations.
 
d.     Exhibit H – Pricing, Sec. II.4 – more detailed definition of Net Plant Cost to be agreed.
 
3.     Post-Termination IP License Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar.
 
4.     Other Post-Termination Agreements TBD.
 
II.     ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN.
 
A.     ROW JV.
 
1.     Caterpillar will appoint the three individuals who will serve as Caterpillar's Representatives on the Board.
 
2.     Navistar will appoint the three individuals who will serve as Navistar's Representatives on the Board.
 
3.     Caterpillar will appoint one of its three Representatives on the Board as the initial chairman of the Board.
 
4.     Nomination and appointment of the initial President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of the Company.
 
5.     Navistar to implement the U.S. export parts policy mutually agreed by the Parties prior to the signing of this Agreement.
 
6.     If required, formation of subsidiaries in Core ROW Countries and/or making any required governmental filings and obtaining required consents in such countries.
 
7.     Agree on:
 
A.     Company's accounting information systems and processes.
 
B.     Company's financial auditors.
 
C.     Company's treasury systems and processes.
 
D.     Company's tax structure and filing processes (federal and state income taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, employment taxes, and international taxes).
 
E.     Percentage mark-up for engineering services provided to the Company by the Members.
 
8.     Navistar and Caterpillar to complete Schedule 15.3.3.2 to the Company Operating Agreement.
 
9.     Receipt of written consent from the Mahindra JV regarding Caterpillar’s rights under Section 3 of the Sharing Agreement.
 
10.     Mutually acceptable agreement on the Company’s insurance coverage and requirements.
 
11.     Receipt of the Mahindra Waiver duly executed and delivered by the parties thereto and in substantially the form agreed by Navistar, Caterpillar and Mahindra prior to the date of this Agreement.
 

B.     NORTH AMERICAN SEVERE SERVICE.
 
1.     Navistar to petition Alabama Department of Environmental Management once Navistar’s environmental group approves use of such paint.
 
2.     Strategic Alliance Agreement Exhibit H: Navistar to insert existing performance metrics.
 
 
1 Initial Staffing Plan to include seconded employees to perform an appropriate level of engineering, manufacturing engineering, application engineering and sales engineering.
6 Term for Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreement not to exceed seven (7) years.  Marketing services fee will be equal to 2% of truck sales revenues.
 
 
 

1.     Agreement of Lease, commencing June 1, 2003, between Navistar International Trucks Southern Africa (Proprietary) Limited and Imperial Group (Propriety) Limited.
 
2.     Agreement of Lease, commencing September 1, 2008, between Navistar International Trucks South Africa (Proprietary) Limited and Corporate Park South Phase 5 (Proprietary) Limited.
 
3.     Agreement of Lease, commencing January 2, 2008, between International Truck & Engine Overseas Corporation and Two-Tyre Services (Proprietary) Limited.
 
4.     Service Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2008, between Easi Wan CC and Navistar International Trucks Southern Africa (Proprietary) Limited.
 
5.     Acceptance of Quotation for Supplying Payroll Outsourcing Services provided to Navistar International Trucks Southern Africa by Softline VIP Payroll a division of Softline (Proprietary) Limited (VIP).
 
6.     Lease agreement(s) for photocopiers with Nashua.
 
7.     Lease agreement(s) for forklifts with Toyota.
 
8.     Non-Residential Lease Agreement, effective as of May 10, 2004, among Fundação Corsan as Landlord and International Caminhões do Brasil Ltda. as Tenant, related to the property located at Avenida Carlos Gomes No. 466, conjunto 1002 and Boxes 98, 99, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172 and 173.
 
9.     Simple Lease and Services Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2007, among Copyland Comercio Imp. e Exp. Ltda as Lessor and International Indústria Automotiva da América Do Sul Ltda as Lessee, related to two copy machines and related equipment.
 
10.     Equipment Lease Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2006, among Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicações S.A. - EMBRATEL as Lessor and International Indústria Automotiva da América do Sul Ltda as Lessee, related to telephone/electrical equipment.
 
11.     Equipment Lease Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2007, among SigmaOne Distribuidora de Produtos de Teleinformática Ltda as Lessor and International Indústria Automotiva da América do Sul Ltda  as Lessee, related to telephone/electrical equipment.
 
12.     Parking Spaces Lease Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2002, among Rafael Adami Marcantonio as Lessor and International Caminhões do Brasil Ltda. as Lessee, related to 10 parking spots at Centro Empresarial Quebec at Av. Carlos Gomes No. 466.
 
13.     Informational Services Agreement, dated as of January 22, 2002, among Processor Informática Ltda as Provider and Navistar International Corp. Do Brasil Ltda. as Client, related to Microsoft and Symantec software.
 
14.     Services Agreement, undated, among E-Trust S.A. as Provider and International Caminhões Ltda. as Client, related to management of a firewall.
 
15.     Proposal for Warehouse Design and Implementation of New PDC in Midrand South Africa, provided by Barloworld Logistics Africa (Proprietary) Limited on October 27, 2008, and accepted to by Navistar International Southern Africa on November 3, 2008.
 
16.     Proposal for IT Implementation Services, provided by Barloworld Logistics Africa (Proprietary) Limited on January 1, 2009, and accepted by Navistar International Southern Africa on February 10, 2009.

SCHEDULE 4.2.3


1.     Brazil
 
2.     South Africa
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 1
 




JOINT VENTURE
 
OPERATING AGREEMENT
 
by and among
 
CATERPILLAR INC.,

NAVISTAR, INC.

and

NC2 GLOBAL LLC
 

 

 
Dated as of [__________] [·], 2009
 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
1.     GENERAL
 
1.1     Definitions
 
1.2     Effective Date
 
1.3     Formation of the Company
 
1.4     Offices
 
1.5     Term of Existence
 
1.6     Related Agreements
 
1.7     Registered Office/Agent
2.     BUSINESS
 
2.1     Business Generally
 
2.2     Business Plans
 
2.3     Operations in Core ROW Countries, Legacy Countries, and other Non-Core ROW Countries
 
2.4     Formation of Subsidiaries
 
2.5     Modifications to Structure
3.     CAPITAL STRUCTURE; FINANCING; DISTRIBUTION POLICY
 
3.1     Initial Contributions; Percentage Interests
 
3.2     Additional Contributions and Funding
4.     MEMBERS
 
4.1     No Management by Members
 
4.2     Limited Liability
 
4.3     Withdrawal or Resignation
 
4.4     Meetings
 
4.5     Proxies
 
4.6     Action by Members without a Meeting
 
4.7     Waiver of Notice
 
4.8     Actions Requiring Unanimous Member Consent
 
4.9     Other Activities
 
4.10     Deficit Upon Liquidation
 
4.11     Company Property; Membership Interests
5.     BOARD OF REPRESENTATIVES
 
5.1     Board
 
5.2     Chairman
 
5.3     Required Vote
 
5.4     Term and Removal; Resignation of Representatives
 
5.5     Vacancies
 
5.6     Authority of the Representatives
 
5.7     No Reimbursement for Expenses or Compensation
 
5.8     Meetings
 
5.9     Action by Written Consent
 
5.10     Waiver of Notice
 
5.11     Committees
 
5.12     Limitation of Liability of Representatives
 
5.13     Actions Requiring Majority Consent of Board
 
5.14     Indemnification of Representatives, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
 
5.15     Control of Certain Legal Proceedings
6.     OFFICERS
 
6.1     Qualifications
 
6.2     Nomination and Appointment
 
6.3     President
 
6.4     Chief Financial Officer
 
6.5     Vice Presidents
 
6.6     Secretary
 
6.7     Treasurer
 
6.8     Other Officers
 
6.9     Compensation; Reimbursement of Expenses
7.     SECONDED PERSONNEL AND EMPLOYEES
 
7.1     Initial Staffing Plan
 
7.2     Seconded Personnel
 
7.3     Employees
 
7.4     Compensation
 
7.5     Management Positions
 
7.6     Labor and Union Issues
 
7.7     Non-Hire
8.     PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SOLD BY MEMBERS TO THE COMPANY
 
8.1     Generally
 
8.2     Certain Principles
9.     JV TRUCK MODELS; MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY OF JV TRUCKS
 
9.1     JV Truck Models
 
9.2     Manufacture of JV Trucks by Navistar
 
9.3     Establishment of JV Truck Assembly Facility
 
9.4     JV Truck Components
10.     JV TRUCK REPLACEMENT PARTS
 
10.1     Generally
 
10.2     Organization and Management
 
10.3     Purchase and Distribution of JV Truck Replacement Parts
 
10.4     Remanufacturing Services
 
10.5     Allocation of JV Truck Replacement Parts Sold by the Company
 
10.6     Allocation of JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts that are Sourced by the Company from a Member
11.     DISTRIBUTION AND SALES; JV DEALERS
 
11.1     Truck Sales
 
11.2     Branding Strategy; Selection of JV Truck Models
 
11.3     Selection of JV Dealers; Agreements with JV Dealers
 
11.4     Marketing, Sales, and Dealer Support and Administrative Services
 
11.5     Product Support Responsibilities
 
11.6     Financing
12.     SERVICE
 
12.1     Certification as Service Providers
 
12.2     Training of JV Dealers
 
12.3     Service Campaigns and Guidelines for Repair
 
12.4     Service Publications and Technical Information
13.     WARRANTY
 
13.1     Generally
 
13.2     Sales by the Members to the Company
 
13.3     Legacy Warranties
 
13.4     Goodwill Policy
 
13.5     Warranty Administration
 
13.6     Extended Warranty or Service Coverage
14.     INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
 
14.1     Members’ Intellectual Property Licenses
 
14.2     Members’ Background Intellectual Property
 
14.3     Company Intellectual Property
 
14.4     R&D; Development
 
14.5     Third Party Infringement Claims
 
14.6     Post-Termination Ownership of Certain Intellectual Property
15.     NON-COMPETITION COVENANTS
 
15.1     Business
 
15.2     Contracts Restricting the Company
 
15.3     Certain Exceptions to Non-Competition Covenants
 
15.4     Acquisition of Publicly-Traded Securities
 
15.5     Member Acquisition
 
15.6     Additional Agreements
16.     INDEMNIFICATION FOR DEALER LIABILITY
 
16.1     Dealer Liability Indemnities
 
16.2     Indemnification Procedures
 
16.3     Liability Insurance
17.     REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
17.1     Representations and Warranties of Members
 
17.2     Survival of Warranties
18.     CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TAX MATTERS; RECORDS
 
18.1     Capital Account Maintenance
 
18.2     Capital Account Balances
 
18.3     Allocation of Profits and Losses
 
18.4     Distributions
 
18.5     Regulatory Allocations
 
18.6     Section 704(c) of the Code; Other Tax Allocation Rules
 
18.7     Allocation of Nonrecourse Liabilities
 
18.8     Partnership Treatment
 
18.9     Tax Return
 
18.10     Tax Matters Partner; Tax Elections
 
18.11     Accounting Records
 
18.12     Reports
 
18.13     Other Tax Information
 
18.14     Sarbanes-Oxley Act; Internal Controls
 
18.15     Tax Decisions by the Members
19.     TRANSFER OF MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS
 
19.1     Restriction on Transfers
 
19.2     Permitted Transfers to Subsidiaries
 
19.3     Absolute Prohibitions on Transfers
20.     DISPUTES AND DEADLOCKS
21.     TERM; TERMINATION; DISTRIBUTIONS ON TERMINATION
 
21.1     Term
 
21.2     Termination
 
21.3     Dissolution and Liquidation
 
21.4     Proceeds in Liquidation
 
21.5     Distribution of Assets on Dissolution of the Company
 
21.6     Buy-Out Interest Option and Buy/Sell Option
 
21.7     Post-Termination Commercial Arrangements
 
21.8     Additional Rights
22.     CONFIDENTIALITY; PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
22.1     Treatment of Confidential Information
 
22.2     Permitted Disclosures
 
22.3     Disclosure Pursuant to Applicable Law
 
22.4     Survival of Confidentiality Obligations
 
22.5     Non-Disclosure of Agreement; Publicity
 
22.6     No License
23.     MISCELLANEOUS
 
23.1     Disclaimer
 
23.2     Limitation of Damages
 
23.3     Expenses
 
23.4     Force Majeure
 
23.5     Survival      
 
23.6     Further Actions and Assurances
 
23.7     Good Faith Reliance on Terms of Agreement
 
23.8     Counterparts
 
23.9     Entire Agreement
 
23.10     Succession and Assignment
 
23.11     Amendments and Waiver
 
23.12     Applicable Law
 
23.13     Venue
 
23.14     WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
 
23.15     Specific Performance
 
23.16     Determination of Fair Market Value
 
23.17     Remedies Cumulative
 
23.18     Severability
 
23.19     No Third Party Beneficiaries
 
23.20     Construction
 
23.21     Headings
 
23.22     Notices
 
23.23     Partition
 
23.24     Incorporation of Exhibits
24.     DEFINITIONS
 
EXHIBITS

Exhibit A      Certificate of Formation
Exhibit B     Navistar Legacy Profit Amount Calculation and Indexing Methodology
 

SCHEDULES

Schedule 2.3.5          Legacy Countries
Schedule 3.1.2          Percentage Interest of each Member
Schedule 15.3.3.2     Existing Arrangements for Sales of Engine Parts
 

JOINT VENTURE OPERATING AGREEMENT
 
This Joint Venture Operating Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of [__________] [·], 2009 (the “Effective Date”), by and among Caterpillar Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 100 N.E. Adams Street, Peoria, Illinois 61629 (“Caterpillar”), Navistar, Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at 4201 Winfield Road, Warrenville, Illinois 60555 (“Navistar”) (each of Caterpillar and Navistar, a “Member” and collectively the “Members”), NC2 Global LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and having its principal place of business at [__________], Illinois (the “Company”) (each of Caterpillar, Navistar, and the Company, a “Party” and collectively the “Parties”).
 
RECITALS
 
WHEREAS, on April [·], 2009, Caterpillar and Navistar entered into a Truck Business Relationship Agreement (together with the exhibits thereto, the “Truck Business Relationship Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, Caterpillar and Navistar agreed to form a joint venture company to conduct the Business;
 
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Truck Business Relationship Agreement, on [_______] [·], 2009, Caterpillar and Navistar caused there to be filed a Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to form the Company as a Delaware limited liability company under and pursuant to the Act, and Caterpillar and Navistar were the sole members of the Company at the time of its formation; and
 
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Truck Business Relationship Agreement, the Parties desire to enter into this Agreement for the purpose of setting forth the respective rights, powers and interests of the Members with respect to the Company and providing for the operation of the Company from and after the Effective Date.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
 
1. GENERAL
 
1.1 Definitions
 
Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Agreement are defined in Section 24.
 
1.2 Effective Date
 
The provisions of this Agreement shall take effect on the Effective Date.
 
1.3 Formation of the Company
 
On [__________] [·], 2009, Caterpillar and Navistar caused the Company to be formed under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company named NC2 Global LLC.  All business of the Company shall be conducted under that name or any fictitious name selected by the Board from time to time upon Majority Consent; provided, that any such name reflects the Company’s status as a limited liability company and is otherwise permitted by applicable law.  A copy of the Certificate of Formation of the Company is attached as Exhibit A.
 
1.4 Offices
 
From and after the Effective Date, the principal office of the Company shall be located at [_______], Illinois or any other location or locations approved by the Board from time to time upon Majority Consent.  The Company shall qualify to do business or register as a foreign limited liability company in each jurisdiction in which the Board deems such qualification or registration to be necessary.
 
1.5 Term of Existence
 
The term of the existence of the Company shall be as provided in  Section 21.
 
1.6 Related Agreements
 
 
1.6.1 (i) a Master Component Supply Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby the Company agrees to purchase and such Member agrees to sell the JV Truck Components, JV Truck Replacement Parts and other products described therein; (ii) a Master Component Supply Agreement between Navistar and Caterpillar, whereby Navistar agrees to purchase and Caterpillar agrees to sell the JV Truck Components, JV Truck Replacement Parts and other products described therein; (iii) a Master Component Supply Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby the Company agrees to sell and such Member agrees to purchase the replacement parts described therein; and (iv) a Master Component Supply Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar and Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby the Company agrees to sell and such Member agrees to purchase the components, replacement parts and other products described therein (each such agreement, a “Master Component Supply Agreement”);
 
1.6.2 the Master Terms for Purchased Services between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby such Member agrees to provide certain services to the Company (each such agreement, a “Master Terms for Purchased Services”);
 
1.6.3 an Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Navistar or Caterpillar or any of their Affiliates (on the other hand), in each case, whereby such Member agrees to license the Intellectual Property described therein to the Company (each such agreement, an “Intellectual Property License Agreement”);
 
1.6.4 a Trademark License Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Navistar or Caterpillar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby such Member agrees to license the trademarks described therein to the Company (each such agreement, a “Trademark License Agreement”);
 
1.6.5 an Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Navistar or Caterpillar or any of their Affiliates (on the other hand), in each case, whereby the Company grants such Member a royalty-bearing license to utilize the Intellectual Property described therein (each such agreement, a “Royalty-Bearing IP License Agreement”);
 
1.6.6 a Master Development Services Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Navistar or Caterpillar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby such Member agrees to perform development work that is funded in its entirety by the Company (each such agreement, a “Master Development Services Agreement”);
 
1.6.7 a Truck Sales Agreement between Navistar and the Company setting forth terms and conditions of the production and sale of JV Trucks by Navistar to the Company (the “Truck Sales Agreement”);
 
1.6.8 an Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, whereby such Member agrees to second certain employees to the Company (each such agreement, an “Employee Secondment Agreement”);
 
1.6.9 an Intercompany Promissory Note between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar (on the other hand), in each case, setting forth terms and conditions of any intercompany loans by such Member to the Company (each such agreement, an “Intercompany Promissory Note”); and
 
1.6.10 a Sharing Agreement between Caterpillar and Navistar (the “Sharing Agreement”).
 
1.7 Registered Office/Agent
 
The registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware is located at 1209 Orange Street, New Castle County, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.  The registered agent of the Company for service of process at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.  The registered office and registered agent of the Company may be changed by the Board at any time in accordance with the Act upon Majority Consent.
 
2. BUSINESS
 
2.1 Business Generally
 
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the scope of the business of the Company shall be (a) developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for (including providing JV Truck Replacement Parts and service for) JV Trucks, in each case for all market segments (including Governmental COE Customers and Governmental Conventional Customers as set forth in Section 11.1.3; provided, however, that the scope of the business shall not include the sale of vehicles (including military vehicles, tactical vehicles, COTS vehicles with military features, COTS vehicles and related parts, and Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles) to military customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by military customers), (b) all things incidental thereto or connected therewith to the extent permitted under the Act and not in conflict with the terms of this Agreement (the activities described in clauses (a) and (b), collectively, the “Business”), and (c) to the extent approved by the Board upon Majority Consent such other business that a limited liability company organized in Delaware may lawfully conduct and that is not otherwise in conflict with the terms of this Agreement.  Except as set forth in Sections 2.3.7, 2.3.8 and 10.1.12 of this Agreement or as approved by the Board upon Majority Consent, the Company shall sell JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts solely in the ROW.  It is the intent of each of the Parties that the Business be conducted in accordance with the timetables and schedules set forth in this Agreement (including the Annual Business Plans and the Rolling Business Plans of the Company, as such plans are described in Section 2.2).  The Company shall conduct the Business in full compliance with all applicable laws, Caterpillar’s Worldwide Code of Conduct, Navistar’s Code of Conduct and the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Related Agreements.  For purposes of the preceding sentence, if there is any inconsistency between Caterpillar’s Worldwide Code of Conduct and Navistar’s Code of Conduct, the Board shall resolve such discrepancy.
 
2.2 Business Plans
 
2.2.1 Annual Business Plan.  The Parties have agreed to the initial Annual Business Plan (covering the period from the Effective Date through and until October 31, 2009) (as may be modified, amended or supplemented by the Members in accordance with this Agreement, the “Initial Annual Business Plan”).2  The Parties agree and acknowledge that although the Initial Annual Business Plan covers the remaining portion of the 2009 Fiscal Year, all subsequent Annual Business Plans shall cover one (1) full Fiscal Year.  Not later than sixty (60) calendar days prior to the end of the Initial Annual Business Plan and each subsequent Fiscal Year, the President shall cause to be prepared and shall present to the Board a business plan (the “Annual Business Plan”) for the succeeding Fiscal Year.  Each Annual Business Plan (including both the Initial Annual Business Plan and each subsequent Annual Business Plan) shall contain, inter alia, (a) pro forma financial statements (projected profit and loss, balance sheet, and changes in financial position) for the succeeding Fiscal Year, (b) projected expenditures (expense and capital) for the succeeding Fiscal Year, (c) financing plans, cash requirements, loan commitments (each, an “Annual Business Plan Loan Commitment”) and Capital Contribution commitments (each, an “Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment”) for the succeeding Fiscal Year, (d) projected distributions for the succeeding Fiscal Year, (e) the amount of money to be spent by the Company on research and development and Intellectual Property development activities for the succeeding Fiscal Year, (f) decision rules regarding the timing and allocation of resources of Navistar or the Company, as applicable (in the case of Navistar, subject to Section 9.2.2), for the manufacture or assembly by Navistar or the Company, as applicable, of (i) Caterpillar Truck Models and (ii) Navistar Truck Models, which shall be consistent with achieving the timelines and milestones set forth in such Annual Business Plan, and (g) such other relevant reports and topics as are set forth in the Initial Annual Business Plan.  The Members shall be obligated to fund the Annual Business Plan Loan Commitments and the Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitments in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests at the time such loan or Capital Contribution is required to be funded by such Annual Business Plan, except to the extent the Board determines by Majority Consent that such Annual Business Plan Loan Commitments or Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitments shall be funded in a different proportion.  Other than with regard to the Initial Annual Business Plan, each Annual Business Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Board upon Majority Consent.  If Caterpillar, Navistar and their respective Representatives, as applicable, fail to mutually agree upon and adopt an Annual Business Plan for the Company and a Rolling Business Plan for the Company prior to the first day of the Fiscal Year to be covered by such plans, the Company shall continue operating under this Agreement under that portion of the Rolling Business Plan most recently approved by the Board upon Majority Consent that relates to such Fiscal Year (and such portion of the Rolling Business Plan most recently approved by the Board shall be deemed to be the Annual Business Plan for such Fiscal Year).  Any approved Annual Business Plan shall not be changed, except upon Majority Consent of the Board.  The President shall analyze any variance between the actual and planned performance under the Annual Business Plan, and report to the Board the results of such analysis, promptly after the end of each fiscal quarter.
 
2.2.2 Five-Year Business Plan.  Concurrently with the preparation of the Annual Business Plan for each Fiscal Year, the President shall cause to be prepared and shall present to the Board a five (5) year rolling business plan (the “Rolling Business Plan”) of which the first year shall be the Annual Business Plan for such Fiscal Year.  Each Rolling Business Plan shall contain, inter alia, (a) pro forma financial statements (projected profit and loss, balance sheet, and changes in financial position) for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, (b) projected expenditures (expense and capital) for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, (c) financing plans, cash requirements, loan commitments and Capital Contribution commitments for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, (d) projected distributions for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, (e) the amount of money to be spent by the Company on research and development and Intellectual Property development activities for each Fiscal Year in the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, and (f) such other relevant reports and topics as are set forth in the initial Rolling Business Plan (as may be modified, amended or supplemented by the Members in accordance with this Agreement, the “Initial Rolling Business Plan”).  The Members shall be obligated to fund (i) (A) the loan commitments scheduled to occur during the first thirty-six (36) months in the Initial Rolling Business Plan and (B) the loan commitments scheduled to occur during the first three (3) Fiscal Years in each other Rolling Business Plan approved by Majority Consent of the Board (each such loan, a “Three-Year Business Plan Loan Commitment”) and (ii) (A) the Capital Contribution commitments scheduled to occur during the first thirty-six (36) months in the Initial Rolling Business Plan and (B) the Capital Contribution commitments scheduled to occur during the first three (3) Fiscal Years in each other Rolling Business Plan approved by Majority Consent of the Board (each such Capital Contribution, a “Three-Year Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment”), in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii), in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests at the time such loan or Capital Contribution is required to be funded by such Rolling Business Plan, except to the extent the Board determines by Majority Consent such Three-Year Business Plan Loan Commitments or Three-Year Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitments shall be funded in a different proportion.  Other than with regard to the Initial Rolling Business Plan adopted by the Parties concurrent with the execution of this Agreement, each Rolling Business Plan shall be subject to the approval of the Board upon Majority Consent.  If the Board fails to adopt a new Rolling Business Plan upon Majority Consent prior to the first day of the five (5) Fiscal Year period to be covered by such Rolling Business Plan, the Company shall continue operating under the Rolling Business Plan most recently approved by the Board upon Majority Consent (i.e., the existing Rolling Business Plan shall continue as a four (4) year rolling business plan, with the first year being deemed (but not for purposes of determining whether a Company Deadlock exists with respect to Section 5.13.1 or for purposes of Section 21.2.5(a)) to be the Annual Business Plan, and so forth for subsequent years), it being understood that only the funding amounts for the first thirty-six (36) months of a Rolling Business Plan will be binding on the Members.  Any approved Rolling Business Plan shall not be changed, except upon Majority Consent of the Board.  The Parties have agreed to the Initial Rolling Business Plan (covering the period from the Effective Date until October 31, 2013).  The Parties agree and acknowledge that although the Initial Rolling Business Plan covers both the remaining portion of the 2009 Fiscal Year and the succeeding four (4) Fiscal Year period ending on October 31, 2013, all subsequent Rolling Business Plans shall cover five (5) full Fiscal Year periods.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Members shall be obligated to fund the loan commitments and the Capital Contribution commitments set forth in the Initial Rolling Business Plan for the period from the Effective Date through the date that is thirty-six (36) months after the Effective Date.
 
2.2.3 Efforts to Adopt Annual Business Plan and Rolling Business Plan.  Each of Caterpillar and Navistar shall cause its respective Representatives to, subject to the second and third sentences of Section 5.12, meet and seek in good faith to adopt, prior to the commencement of each Fiscal Year, an Annual Business Plan for such Fiscal Year and a Rolling Business Plan of which the first year shall be the Annual Business Plan, as provided in Section 2.2.2.
 
2.3 Operations in Core ROW Countries, Legacy Countries, and other Non-Core ROW Countries
 
2.3.1 Commencement of Operations; Required Governmental Filings and Consents.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall not commence sales or other operations in any ROW country unless and until all notices, reports, applications, and other filings required to be made prior to the commencement of such operations by the Company in such ROW country with, and all consents, registrations, approvals, permits, clearances and authorizations required to be obtained prior to the commencement of such operations by the Company from, any governmental authority having jurisdiction in such ROW country in connection with the transactions and other matters contemplated by this Agreement and the Related Agreements shall have been made or obtained (as the case may be).
 
2.3.2 Branding Strategy; JV Truck Models; JV Dealer Selection.  As noted in greater particularity in this Section 2.3, and subject to the terms of Sections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6, the Company shall not commence the sale of JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts in any ROW country unless the Board has approved, by Majority Consent, (a) the Company’s branding strategy with respect to such ROW country, (b) a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company in such ROW country (together with an introduction date for each such model) and (c) the selection of the JV Dealer(s) with respect to such ROW country.
 
2.3.3 Core ROW Countries.
 
2.3.3.1 The Members agree and acknowledge that, as of the Effective Date, while the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan cover all of the Core ROW Countries (except China), such business plans contain a definitive branding strategy, a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company (together with an introduction date for each such model) and a selection of the JV Dealer(s), in each case, solely with respect to Russia, South Africa and Australia (but not with respect to Brazil, Turkey or China).  Accordingly, except as provided in Section 2.3.3.2, immediately following the Effective Date, the Company shall initially concentrate on selling JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts solely in Russia and South Africa and, pursuant to Section 15.3.8.2, parts, components and trucks in Australia.
 
2.3.3.2 Notwithstanding the terms of Section 2.3.3.1, immediately following the Effective Date, the Company shall (i) sell replacement parts for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks (but, for the avoidance of doubt, not Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks) in each of Brazil and Turkey, and (ii) until such time as the Board determines by Majority Consent to sell JV Trucks in China, sell Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks in China, in each case consistent with Navistar’s past practice in such countries prior to the Effective Date and on the same terms and conditions used for sales of such products by Navistar in such countries as of immediately prior to the Effective Date.  The Company shall make such sales in each such country to Navistar’s dealer in such country or to a JV Dealer if such a dealer has been appointed in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.  For the avoidance of doubt, all profits and losses arising from such sales shall be for the account of the Company.
 
2.3.3.3 Subject to the terms of Section 2.3.3.2, the Company shall not commence the sale of any JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts in Brazil, Turkey or China until the Board has finalized and adopted, by Majority Consent, that portion of the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan pertaining to such Core ROW Country, including (a) the Company’s branding strategy with respect to such Core ROW Country, (b) a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company in such Core ROW Country (together with an introduction date for each such model), and (c) the selection of the JV Dealer(s) with respect to such Core ROW Country.  The Members and the Representatives shall meet and seek in good faith to, in cooperation with the President and other management personnel of the Company, as soon as practicable after the Effective Date, agree upon updated, more detailed versions of the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan incorporating the items described in the immediately preceding sentence with respect to Brazil, Turkey, and China, which versions shall supersede and replace the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan in the forms agreed to by the Members on the Effective Date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Company shall operate in accordance with the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan, and (ii) the Members shall be obligated to fund the Capital Contribution Commitments and Loan Commitments set forth in the Initial Annual Business Plan and in the Initial Rolling Business Plan for the period from the Effective Date through the date that is thirty-six (36) months after the Effective Date unless and until such commitments are superseded and replaced by more detailed versions of such plans.
 
2.3.4 China.  Without limiting the generality of Section 2.3.3, the Members and the Representatives shall meet and seek in good faith to, in cooperation with the President and other management personnel of the Company, as soon as practicable after the Effective Date, prepare and agree upon a business plan for the Company for the development, manufacture, sale, and distribution of Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, and replacement parts therefor in China and the export of such products from China to other ROW countries (the “China Business Plan”) that (a) is based on reasonable assumptions and thorough, reliable market research, (b) identifies a Chinese truck manufacturer with which the Company shall seek to cooperate in executing such business plan, (c) contains, inter alia, (i) pro forma financial statements (projected profit and loss, balance sheet, and changes in financial position) for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period and (ii) projected expenditures (expense and capital) for the succeeding five (5) Fiscal Year period, and (d) can reasonably be expected to yield an internal rate of return for the Company that is mutually agreeable to each of the Members in its sole discretion.  Once the China Business Plan is adopted by the Board by Majority Consent, the Members and the Representatives will meet and seek in good faith to, in cooperation with the President and other management personnel of the Company, incorporate and expand upon such plan in the next Annual Business Plan and Rolling Business Plan of the Company (such that the next Annual Business Plan and Rolling Business Plan of the Company contain Capital Contribution Commitments and Loan Commitments pertaining to the Company’s contemplated operations in China).
 
2.3.5 Legacy Countries.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, following the Effective Date Navistar shall be entitled to continue to sell Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, and replacement parts therefor in each Legacy Country consistent with past practice prior to the Effective Date; provided, however, that Navistar shall cease all such sales in each Legacy Country, and the Company shall commence sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in such Legacy Country, upon the earlier to occur of the following dates (such date, the “Legacy Country Commencement Date”): (a) the second (2nd) anniversary of the Effective Date, and (b) such date as determined by the Board by Majority Consent.  For the avoidance of doubt, if, on or before the Legacy Country Commencement Date with respect to any Legacy Country, the Board has not yet adopted by Majority Consent a version of that portion of the Initial Rolling Business Plan pertaining to such Legacy Country (including the Company’s branding strategy for such Legacy Country, a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company in such Legacy Country (together with an introduction date for each such model), and the selection of the JV Dealer(s) with respect to such Legacy Country) that is more detailed than as set forth in the Initial Rolling Business Plan, the Company shall adhere to the plan set forth in the Initial Rolling Business Plan.  Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Agreement (including Section 11.3), if, on or before the Legacy Country Commencement Date with respect to any Legacy Country, the Board has not yet selected, by Majority Consent, the JV Dealer(s) for such Legacy Country, the Company shall seek to enter into JV Dealer sales and service agreements with the existing Navistar dealers in such Legacy Country to sell in such Legacy Country all JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts sold by Navistar in such Legacy Country immediately prior to the Legacy Country Commencement Date until such selection is made.  From and after the Legacy Country Commencement Date, neither Navistar nor its 5% Affiliates (excluding the Mahindra JV) shall sell any Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks or replacement parts therefor in such Legacy Country; provided, however, that until such time as the Rolling Business Plan adopted by the Board provides for the sale of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in such Legacy Country, the Company shall be required to sell to the former Navistar dealers in such Legacy Country, Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, and replacement parts therefor consistent with past practice prior to the Legacy Country Commencement Date.
 
2.3.5.1 The Members have agreed to an aggregate baseline amount of profits for the Legacy Countries equal to $25,408,000, which amount shall be indexed in accordance with the procedures and methodologies set forth in Exhibit B for each Fiscal Year occurring during the period from the Effective Date to (and including) the fifth (5th) anniversary of the Effective Date (such amount, as indexed, the “Baseline Profit Amount”).
 
2.3.5.2 For the Legacy Countries, during the period from the Effective Date to (but not including) the Legacy Country Commencement Date with respect to each such Legacy Country, the Company shall provide Navistar with Marketing Services in support of sales by Navistar of Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, and replacement parts therefor in such Legacy Country.  In exchange for such Marketing Services, with respect to each Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) occurring during the period from the Effective Date to (but not including) the earlier of (a) the second (2nd) anniversary of the Effective Date, and (b) the date on which the Company has commenced sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in all of the Legacy Countries, the Company shall be entitled to receive from Navistar any Navistar Legacy Profit Amount with respect to such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) in excess of the Baseline Profit Amount.
 
2.3.5.3 With respect to each Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) occurring during the period from the earlier of (a) the second (2nd) anniversary of the Effective Date, and (b) the date on which the Company has commenced sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in all of the Legacy Countries to (but not including) the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date, Navistar shall be entitled to receive from the Company distributions in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) the amount of profits earned by the Company during such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) in connection with the sale of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in the Legacy Countries and (b) the Baseline Profit Amount.
 
2.3.5.4 For purposes of Sections 2.3.5.2 and 2.3.5.3, with respect to each Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) occurring during the period from the Effective Date to (but not including) the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date, the Members shall determine and agree upon, in accordance with the procedures and methodologies set forth in Exhibit B, (a) no later than thirty (30) calendar days following the end of each fiscal quarter in such Fiscal Year, the actual Navistar Legacy Profit Amount during such quarter period or profits earned by the Company from sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in the Legacy Countries during such quarter period and (b) no later than ninety (90) calendar days following the end of such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof), the actual Navistar Legacy Profit Amount during such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof), or profits earned by the Company from sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts, in the Legacy Countries during such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof).
 
2.3.6 Non-Core ROW Countries other than Legacy Countries.
 
2.3.6.1 The Company shall not commence the sale of JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts in any Non-Core ROW Country other than the Legacy Countries until the Board approves, by Majority Consent, (a) the Company’s branding strategy with respect to such ROW country, (b) a list of those particular Navistar Truck Models (if any) and Caterpillar Truck Models (if any) to be sold by the Company in such ROW country (together with an introduction date for each such model), and (c) the selection of the JV Dealer(s) with respect to such ROW country.
 
2.3.6.2 Notwithstanding Section 2.3.6.1, if the Company has an opportunity to make a one-time sale of JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts in any ROW country in which the Company is not otherwise systematically conducting any operations or sales, the Company may make such sale; provided, however, that Majority Consent of the Board shall be required for the Company to make such sale if doing so would require the incurrence of costs and expenses (other than expenditures to purchase inventory of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts) of more than $100,000 and such costs and expenses are not already specifically provided for in an Annual Business Plan (it being understood that, for purposes of this proviso, the amount of such costs and expenses shall be deemed to include all costs and expenses incurred by the Company with respect to all one-time sales made by the Company in any ROW country pursuant to this Section 2.3.6.2 during the twelve (12) month period preceding the date on which the Board is presented with the subject one-time sale opportunity).
 
2.3.7 Sales of Medium Duty COE Trucks.
 
2.3.7.1 It is the intention of the Members that the Company be in the business of developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distributing and providing product support for (including providing JV Truck Replacement Parts and service for), Medium Duty COE Trucks throughout the ROW.  Each Member will use its good faith efforts to make this a successful segment of the Company’s Business throughout the ROW.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, on or about four (4) years following the Effective Date, Caterpillar will declare its intention, determined in its sole discretion, as to whether Caterpillar desires the Company to remain in or exit the Medium Duty COE Truck Business in the ROW.  If Caterpillar declares that it wants the Company to remain in the Medium Duty COE Truck Business in the ROW, then the Company shall continue in such business.  If Caterpillar declares that it wants the Company to exit the Medium Duty COE Truck Business in the ROW, then the Company’s Medium Duty COE Truck Business shall continue for an additional two (2) years, during which time the Members will (i) continue to explore ways to make the Company’s Medium Duty COE Truck Business acceptable to both Members, determined in their sole discretion, and (ii) develop and implement strategies to exit such business.  Unless the Board agrees otherwise by Majority Consent, upon the expiration of such two (2) year period, (i) the Company shall cease being in the Medium Duty COE Truck Business in the ROW, (ii) the non-competition and exclusivity provisions of this Agreement, including Sections 11.1 and 15.1, shall cease and be of no further force or effect with respect to the Medium Duty COE Truck Business, (iii) Navistar and its Affiliates shall be permitted to sell Navistar-branded Medium Duty COE Trucks through Navistar-branded JV Dealers, including those owned by Caterpillar dealers (provided that Navistar pays Caterpillar a marketing services fee (not to exceed 3% of dealer net sales) as determined by Caterpillar solely in connection with sales of Navistar-branded Medium Duty COE Trucks through Navistar-branded JV Dealers owned by Caterpillar dealers), and (iv) the Board by Majority Consent may determine to sell, distribute or dispose of all Company Intellectual Property and other assets solely to the extent related to the Company’s Medium Duty COE Truck Business.
 
2.3.7.2 Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, until such time as the Mahindra JV Agreement is amended to permit the Company to market, sell and distribute Medium Duty COE Trucks in regions of the ROW other than COE China, Central America and South America, the Company shall not be permitted to market, sell or distribute, or provide product support for, Medium Duty COE Trucks anywhere in the world other than COE China, Central America and South America.  Prior to commencing sales of Medium Duty COE Trucks in COE China, Central America or South America, the President shall prepare and present to the Board a separate business case for the sale of such trucks in such territories.  The commencement of sales of Medium Duty COE Trucks in COE China, Central America or South America shall require the Majority Consent of the Board; provided, however, that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Navistar may, following notice to and discussion by the Board (but without a requirement for Board approval), commence developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling, and distributing and providing product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), Navistar-branded (but not Mahindra-branded or Mahindra JV-branded) Medium Duty COE Trucks for sale solely through Navistar dealers and Navistar-branded JV Dealers that are not owned by Caterpillar dealers in those Legacy Countries listed on Schedule 2.3.5 that are located in Central America or South America and may continue such activities for the period of time permitted under Section 2.3.5 (provided that such Navistar-branded Medium Duty COE Trucks may not use a cab developed or designed by JAC Co. Ltd or its Affiliates without prior approval by the Board with Majority Consent).
 
2.3.7.3 Caterpillar shall not be permitted to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell or distribute, or provide product support for, North American Medium Duty COE Trucks in North America except through the Company.
 
2.3.7.4 Navistar shall be permitted to engage, for its own account, in developing, designing, testing, servicing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling and distributing, and providing product support for, and managing the replacement parts business relating to, North American Medium Duty COE Trucks sold in North America (either, at its option, directly or indirectly by contracting with any Person, including the Company, to perform one or more of such activities), it being understood that, irrespective of whether Navistar performs any or all of such activities directly or indirectly by contracting with another Person, (i) such North American Medium Duty COE Trucks shall not constitute a JV Truck Model, such related replacement parts shall not constitute JV Truck Replacement Parts and such activities to the extent relating to such North American Medium Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts shall not be deemed to be included in the Business, and (ii) all revenues, expenses, profits and losses arising from such North American Medium Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts sold in North America and the conduct of such activities by Navistar shall be entirely for the account of Navistar (and not for the Company or Caterpillar).  Navistar may, at its option, require the Company to perform some or all of the development, designing, testing, manufacturing, and assembly of such North American Medium Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts pursuant to one or more of a development service agreement, a component supply agreement and a truck sales agreement (as applicable), in the forms agreed to by both Members, and the Parties hereby agree to negotiate in good faith regarding the pricing terms thereof; provided, however, that the terms of any such development services agreement shall provide that Navistar shall own all rights to any Intellectual Property developed thereunder.
 
2.3.7.5 Neither Member shall sell unique replacement parts for the other Member’s brand of Heavy Duty COE Trucks in North America to any Navistar or Caterpillar (as applicable) dealer.  Navistar shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which replacement parts for Navistar-branded North American Medium Duty COE Trucks are sold, and (ii) discourage Navistar’s dealers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks in North America.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, Caterpillar reasonably believes in good faith that Navistar’s dealers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks in North America, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
2.3.8 Sales of Heavy Duty COE Trucks.
 
2.3.8.1 Subject to the terms set forth in this Section 2.3.8, Navistar may at anytime require the Company to develop, design, test, manufacture, and assemble Heavy Duty COE Trucks and replacement parts therefor for, and sell to, Navistar for re-sale in North America.  In such event, subject to the terms set forth in this Section 2.3.8, Caterpillar may at anytime thereafter require the Company to develop, design, test, manufacture, and assemble Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks and replacement parts therefor for, and sell to, Caterpillar for re-sale in North America; provided, however, that such Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks must be appropriately brand differentiated from the Heavy Duty COE Trucks being sold by Navistar in North America.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon Board approval with Majority Consent or (ii) in the event that the market share of Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks (but only with respect to the high cab over engine segment) is equal to or greater than ten percent (10%) of the total market share of Vocational Heavy Duty Trucks in North America (as determined using independent third party market share data), subject to the terms set forth in this Section 2.3.8, Caterpillar may at anytime thereafter require the Company to develop, design, test, manufacture, and assemble Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks and replacement parts therefor for, and sell to, Caterpillar for re-sale in North America; provided, however, that such Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks must be appropriately brand differentiated from any Heavy Duty COE Trucks being sold by Navistar in North America.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Caterpillar and its Affiliates shall not sell any Vocational Heavy Duty COE Truck to military customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by military customers) anywhere in the world.
 
2.3.8.2 None of Navistar, Caterpillar or any of their 5% Affiliates may (i) develop or design Heavy Duty COE Trucks for sale in North America except through the Company or (ii) manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell, distribute, or provide product support for, any Heavy Duty COE Trucks in North America that were not developed and designed by or through the Company.  Such Heavy Duty COE Trucks shall not constitute a JV Truck Model and related replacement parts therefor shall not constitute JV Truck Replacement Parts and such activities to the extent relating to such Heavy Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts shall not be deemed to be included in the Business, and (ii) all revenues, expenses, profits and losses arising from such Heavy Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts sold in North America and the conduct of such activities by such Member shall be entirely for the account of such Member (and not for the Company or the other Member).
 
2.3.8.3 In addition to the development and designing of such Heavy Duty COE Trucks, such Member may, at its option, require the Company to also perform some or all of the testing, manufacturing, and assembly of such Heavy Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts pursuant to one or more of a development services agreement, a component supply agreement and a truck sales agreement (as applicable), in the forms agreed to by the Members, and shall provide pricing terms of Cost-plus-2.5% (except for development services, which shall be priced at Cost-plus-[5][7]%); provided, however, that the terms of any such development services agreement shall provide that such Member shall own all rights to any Intellectual Property developed thereunder; provided, further, however, that the Company may perform such services for Caterpillar only for Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks.  If such Member requires the Company to perform some or all of the testing, manufacturing, and assembly of such Heavy Duty COE Trucks or related replacement parts pursuant to this Section 2.3.8, and such activities require the use of any machinery, equipment or tooling that is not already owned by the Company, then at the option of such Member, (a) the Company shall lease such machinery, equipment and tooling from a third party, and such Member shall reimburse the Company for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such lease or (b) such Member shall lease such machinery, equipment and tooling to the Company (at no cost or expense to the Company).
 
2.3.8.4 In the event that the Company desires to sell or distribute a Caterpillar Truck in the ROW that has been developed and designed for Caterpillar in North America, Navistar shall sell such Caterpillar Trucks to the Company for re-sale in the ROW pursuant to and upon the terms (including price) set forth in the Truck Sales Agreement.
 
2.3.8.5 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, without the Majority Consent of the Board, Navistar shall not sell, contribute, license or otherwise provide any Intellectual Property related exclusively to the Global Eagle cab (or any successor cab) to any third party (including the Mahindra JV) for use in connection with developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling, or distributing any Medium Duty COE Trucks or Heavy Duty COE Trucks in the ROW.
 
2.3.9 Mahindra JV Royalties.  If Navistar or any of its Affiliates is contractually obligated pursuant to the Mahindra JV Agreement and actually pays the Mahindra JV royalties as a direct result of the sale and distribution by the Company of Medium Duty COE Trucks in the ROW, the Company shall reimburse Navistar on an annual basis (within thirty (30) calendar days following the Company’s receipt of reasonably satisfactory evidence from Navistar verifying such payment) for fifty-one percent (51%) of such royalties actually paid by Navistar to the Mahindra JV during the prior fiscal year of the Mahindra JV.
 
2.3.10 Mahindra JV Replacement Parts.  Navistar shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to (i) limit the Mahindra JV’s sales of replacement parts for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks in the ROW to those that are reasonable in relation to the volume of Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks sold by the Mahindra JV prior to such replacement parts sales, and (ii) cause the Mahindra JV to adopt and implement policies, processes and systems to (x) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which such replacement parts are sold, and (y) discourage the Mahindra JV’s dealers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks sold by the Mahindra JV in the ROW.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, Caterpillar reasonably believes in good faith that the Mahindra JV’s dealers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than as permitted above, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other, and Navistar shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Mahindra JV to cooperate with the Members, in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
2.4 Formation of Subsidiaries
 
The Parties agree and acknowledge that, under certain circumstances, upon Majority Consent of the Board in accordance with Section 5.13.25, the Company may cause one or more direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company to be organized under the laws of the United States or any other jurisdiction.  For purposes of this Agreement, the business and affairs of the Company shall be deemed to include the business and affairs of each such subsidiary, and any reference in this Agreement to the Company shall be deemed to include all of its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries (unless the context explicitly requires a different interpretation).  The governing documents of each such subsidiary shall be drafted in such a manner so as to effectively provide that the business and affairs of such subsidiary shall be managed in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement as if such business and affairs were the business and affairs of the Company.
 
2.5 Modifications to Structure
 
In determining the scope of the Business under Section 2.1 and in preparing any Annual Business Plan or any Rolling Business Plan under Section 2.2, each of Caterpillar and Navistar shall cause its respective Representatives to use their commercially reasonable efforts to adapt the structure and manner in which the Company does business to take into account evolving legal, regulatory, and business considerations affecting the Company or either Member, including changes that are needed by either Member, so long as the costs of any such change are borne (a) solely by either Member, as applicable (in the case of a benefit to only such Member) or (b) proportionately by both Members (in the case of a benefit to both Members), and the aggregate economic interests of the Members are not altered as a result of such structure.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Parties shall cooperate in determining whether, in certain circumstances, the Company should arrange for separate and distinct legal entities to conduct (i) that portion of the Business relating to all or any part of developing, designing, testing, manufacturing, assembly, branding, marketing, selling, and distributing JV Trucks (on the one hand) and (ii) the provision of product support and other services relating to JV Trucks (on the other hand).
 
3. CAPITAL STRUCTURE; FINANCING; DISTRIBUTION POLICY
 
3.1 Initial Contributions; Percentage Interests
 
3.1.1 Each of Caterpillar and Navistar has made a cash Capital Contribution to the Company in an amount equal to all Annual Business Plan Loan Commitments and Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitments scheduled to occur during the first six (6) months of the Initial Annual Business Plan.
 
3.1.2 Each Member’s percentage interest (the “Percentage Interest”) in the Company, calculated based solely on such Member’s Capital Contribution, shall initially be the amount set forth opposite such Member’s name on Schedule 3.1.2, as may be amended, modified, or supplemented from time to time pursuant to the terms of this Agreement with Unanimous Consent of the Members.
 
3.2 Additional Contributions and Funding
 
3.2.1 No Obligation.  Except (a) as set forth in Section 2.2, this Section 3.2, Section 5.13.34, or the Initial Annual Business Plan, (b) for any Capital Contribution Commitments or Loan Commitments for the period from the Effective Date through the first thirty-six (36) months following the Effective Date, (c) for any Capital Contribution Commitments or Loan Commitments set forth in any Annual Business Plan, or (d) for any Capital Contribution Commitments or Loan Commitments set forth in any Rolling Business Plan (in the case of each of clauses (c) and (d), as approved by the Board upon Majority Consent), or as approved by the Board upon Majority Consent, no Member shall be obligated or permitted to make any additional Capital Contribution or to loan any funds to the Company.
 
3.2.2 Majority Consent; Annual Business Plan.  The Board, upon Majority Consent, may require the Members to make a Capital Contribution to the Company or loan funds (pursuant to the terms of the Intercompany Promissory Note) to the Company on a pro rata basis in accordance with the Percentage Interest of each Member or, as applicable, on some other basis as determined by the Board by Majority Consent.  Furthermore, any amount that is required to be provided to the Company as a Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment pursuant to an Annual Business Plan or a Rolling Business Plan shall be funded by the Members on a pro rata basis in accordance with the Percentage Interest of each Member at the time such funding is required by such Annual Business Plan or such Rolling Business Plan, except to the extent the Board determines by Majority Consent such amount shall be funded in a different proportion (it being understood that such amount shall be funded as a Capital Contribution unless the Board determines by Majority Consent that such amount shall be funded as a loan).
 
3.2.3 Failure to Fund Approved Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment.  If a Member fails to fund a Capital Contribution Commitment or a Loan Commitment that is required to be funded by such Member pursuant to this Agreement, then the following provisions of this Section 3.2.3 shall apply:
 
3.2.3.1 with regard to the non-defaulting Member’s Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment, no later than the date that is ten (10) calendar days following the date on which such Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment was required to be funded (the “Required Funding Date”), the non-defaulting Member shall have the option, exercisable in its sole discretion, to take any of the following actions:
 
3.2.3.1.1 in the case of a Loan Commitment, requiring the Company to return to such non-defaulting Member the amount of such Loan Commitment that such non-defaulting Member so funded to the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, it being understood that the amount so returned shall include both the principal amount of the loan and the interest accrued under the terms of applicable Intercompany Promissory Note through the date of payment, and such Intercompany Promissory Note shall be cancelled upon the receipt of such amount by such non-defaulting Member;
 
3.2.3.1.2 in the case of a Loan Commitment, leaving in the Company the entire amount of such Loan Commitment already funded to the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (in which case each of the Intercompany Promissory Notes pertaining to such Loan Commitment shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms);
 
3.2.3.1.3 in the case of a Capital Contribution Commitment, requiring the Company to return to such non-defaulting Member the entire amount of such Capital Contribution Commitment that it so funded to the Company; and
 
3.2.3.1.4 in the case of a Capital Contribution Commitment, leaving in the Company the entire amount of any portion of such Capital Contribution Commitment already funded to the Company by such non-defaulting Member, for credit to such non-defaulting Member’s Capital Account, and the Percentage Interests of each Member shall be adjusted in the manner described in Section 3.2.6 based on the Fair Value of the Company as of the Required Funding Date; and
 
3.2.3.2 with regard to the defaulting Member’s Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment, at any time following the date that is ten (10) calendar days following the Required Funding Date, the non-defaulting Member shall have the option, exercisable in its sole discretion, to take one or none of the following actions (it being understood that the non-defaulting Member shall not be entitled to take any of the following actions if such non-defaulting Member took any of the actions described in Section 3.2.3.1.1 or Section 3.2.3.1.3):
 
3.2.3.2.1 with the consent of the defaulting Member, making a loan (a “Member Loan”) to the defaulting Member (in an amount equal to the defaulting Member’s Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment), which such loan shall bear an interest rate of fifteen percent (15%), mature on the two-year anniversary of the Required Funding Date and otherwise contain terms that are substantially similar to the terms set forth in the Intercompany Promissory Note in order to enable the defaulting Member to make such required Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment to the Company, and if the defaulting Member does not repay such loan in accordance with its terms, at the lending Member’s option, (a) the lending Member shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.2.4, or (b) such loan shall convert into a Capital Contribution by the lending Member to the Company, creditable to such lending Member’s Capital Account, and the Percentage Interests of each Member shall be adjusted in the manner described in Section 3.2.6 based on the Fair Value of the Company as of the maturity date of such Member Loan; and
 
3.2.3.2.2 making directly to the Company, for credit to such non-defaulting Member’s Capital Account, a Capital Contribution in the amount of such defaulting Member’s required Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment, and the Percentage Interests of each Member shall be adjusted in the manner described in Section 3.2.6 based on the Fair Value of the Company as of the time at which such Capital Contribution is made (such contributing Member referred to as the “Contributing Member” and each such contribution, a “Substitute Contribution”); provided, however, if the non-Contributing Member (the “Non-Contributing Member”) fails to, within two (2) years following the Required Funding Date pertaining to such Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment, exercise its option to purchase, pursuant to Section 3.2.5, that portion of the Membership Interest of the Contributing Member pertaining to such Contributing Member’s Substitute Contribution, then the Contributing Member shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.2.4.
 
For the avoidance of doubt, a defaulting Member’s failure to fund a Capital Contribution Commitment or a Loan Commitment that is required pursuant to this Agreement shall not, in and of itself, constitute a Material Breach, and the non-defaulting Member shall not be entitled to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.2.4 with respect to such failure to fund such particular Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment; provided, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the non-defaulting Member from exercising its rights under, as applicable, (i) clause (a) or clause (b) of Section 3.2.3.2.1 above, or (ii) the proviso in Section 3.2.3.2.2 above.
 
3.2.4 Funding Methodology.  Each Member required under Sections 3.2.2 or 5.13.34, any Annual Business Plan or Rolling Business Plan (in each case as approved by the Board upon Majority Consent, other than with regard to the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan, in each case as of the Effective Date), or otherwise by the Board upon Majority Consent to make a contribution of cash to the capital of the Company or to loan funds to the Company, as applicable, shall transfer to the Company’s account an amount in cash (by wire transfer of immediately available funds) equal to the Percentage Interest of such Member (or such other amount determined by Majority Consent of the Board expressed as a percentage), multiplied by the aggregate amount required to be contributed or loaned, as applicable, to the Company on the date specified in the applicable Annual Business Plan, the Rolling Business Plan, or otherwise by the Board upon Majority Consent.
 
3.2.5 Purchase Option.  If a Contributing Member makes a Capital Contribution pursuant to Section 3.2.3.2.2, the Non-Contributing Member shall have the right to, at any time prior to the two-year anniversary of the Required Funding Date associated with such Substitute Contribution, exercisable by giving written notice to the Company and the Contributing Member (the “Exercise Notice”), elect to purchase that portion of the Contributing Member’s Membership Interest pertaining to such Contributing Member’s Substitute Contribution for the Repurchase Price on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 3.2.5 (the “Purchase Option”).  If the Non-Contributing Member does not exercise the Purchase Option within the time period set forth in the preceding sentence and then consummate such Purchase Option in accordance with this Section 3.2.5, the Contributing Member shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 21.2.4.  If the Non-Contributing Member exercises the Purchase Option, the Members shall use commercially reasonable efforts to consummate the closing of the transactions contemplated by such Purchase Option no later than thirty (30) calendar days following the date of delivery of the Exercise Notice, at which such closing the Non-Contributing Member shall pay to the Contributing Member an amount in cash equal to the Repurchase Price and automatically and without any action on the part of the Members or the Company, the Contributing Member’s Substitute Contribution shall be cancelled and deleted from such Contributing Member’s Capital Account.
 
3.2.6 Percentage Interest Adjustment.  For purposes of adjusting the Percentage Interest of each Member under Section 3.2.3:
 
3.2.6.1 the defaulting Member shall have a Percentage Interest immediately following such adjustment equal to the percentage determined by dividing (a) the product of (i) its Percentage Interest immediately prior to such adjustment and (ii) the Fair Value of the Company immediately prior to such adjustment, by (b) the sum of (i) Fair Value of the Company immediately prior to such adjustment and (ii) the amount of the Capital Contribution made by the non-defaulting Member at the time of such adjustment; and
 
3.2.6.2 the non-defaulting Member shall have a Percentage Interest equal to one hundred percent (100%) less the amount determined in Section 3.2.6.1.
 
Upon the consummation of an exercise of the Purchase Option pursuant to Section 3.2.5, if applicable, the defaulting Member’s Percentage Interest shall be adjusted to reflect such purchase, and the non-defaulting Member’s Percentage Interest shall be adjusted to reflect the deletion of the Substitute Contribution from the non-defaulting Member’s Capital Account as provided in Section 3.2.5.
 
4. MEMBERS
 
4.1 No Management by Members
 
Except as expressly set forth in the Act or this Agreement, the Members shall not have any vote or take any part in the control or management of the Business or have any authority or power to act for or on behalf of the Company in any manner whatsoever.
 
4.2 Limited Liability
 
No Member shall be obligated or liable to the Company, any creditor of the Company, or any other Person, for any Liabilities or debts of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort, or otherwise, solely by reason of being a Member, except as specifically set forth herein or as otherwise agreed to in writing by such Member.  Except as required by law, no Member shall be liable to the Company, any other Member, any creditor of the Company, or any other Person for the repayment of amounts received from the Company.  The failure of the Company to observe any formalities or requirements relating to the exercise of its powers or management of its Business or affairs under this Agreement or the Act shall not be grounds for imposing personal liability on the Members or the Representatives for Liabilities or debts of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort, or otherwise, solely by reason of being a Member or Representative.
 
4.3 Withdrawal or Resignation
 
Except as provided in Section 19 or 21, no Member shall have the right to withdraw or resign as a Member.  No Member shall take any voluntary action that would result in dissolution of the Company pursuant to the Act.
 
4.4 Meetings
 
Regular meetings of the Members may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Members by Unanimous Consent.  The Company may, but shall not be required to, hold an annual meeting of the Members.  The President or any Representative, unless otherwise prescribed by law, may call special meetings of the Members for any purpose.  Unless otherwise determined by the Members by Unanimous Consent, all meetings of the Members shall be held at the Company’s principal place of business.  Members may participate in any regular or special meeting of the Members by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment pursuant to which all Persons participating in the meeting can hear each other or by any other means permitted by the Act, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.  Except as provided herein, written notice stating the place, day, and hour of a special meeting of the Members and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be delivered not less than ten (10) or more than sixty (60) calendar days before the date of a special meeting to each Member, subject to such shorter notice as an emergency situation shall reasonably dictate.  No actions other than those specified in the notice may be considered at a special meeting of the Members unless such consideration is approved by Unanimous Consent of the Members.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if all of the Members shall meet at any time and place and determine by Unanimous Consent to hold a meeting at such time and place, such meeting shall be valid without call or notice, and at such meeting any lawful action may be taken.  Accurate minutes of any meeting of the Members shall be taken and filed with the minute books or other records of the Company.
 
4.5 Proxies
 
At all meetings of the Members, a Member may vote in person or by proxy executed in writing by the Member or by a duly authorized attorney-in-fact.  Such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the Company before or at the time of the meeting.
 
4.6 Action by Members without a Meeting
 
Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Members may be taken without a meeting if the action is authorized or approved by a written consent describing the action taken, signed by all Members, and delivered to the Company for inclusion in the minute books or for filing with the Company records.  A written consent may be delivered by fax or other electronic means and there shall be no requirement for maintaining original executed counterparts in the minute books or other records of the Company.  Any such action by written consent shall be sent to each Member within five (5) calendar days after the consent is executed and filed in the minute books or with the Company records.
 
4.7 Waiver of Notice
 
When any notice of a meeting of the Members is required to be given to any Member, a waiver thereof in writing signed by or on behalf of the Member entitled to such notice, whether before, at, or after such meeting, or such Member’s presence at such meeting, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.
 
4.8 Actions Requiring Unanimous Member Consent
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, no decisions or actions involving the Company as enumerated below shall be made or taken, as applicable, without Unanimous Consent of the Members:
 
4.8.1 except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, (a) the sale or issuance to any Person (including any Member or its Affiliates) of any equity interests in the Company or options to purchase equity interests in the Company (or any other securities, options, warrants, debentures, or other rights to acquire, or that are convertible into, equity interests in the Company), or (b) the adjustment of the Percentage Interests held by the Members;
 
4.8.2 except as provided in Section 19.2, the admittance of new Members;
 
4.8.3 the place and time of Member meetings held without notice;
 
4.8.4 except as provided in Section 21, the voluntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company or the initiation of any bankruptcy proceedings involving the Company;
 
4.8.5 any merger, consolidation, or conversion of the Company with or into any other Person, or, except as provided in Section 21, the Transfer (by lease, assignment, sale, or otherwise), or proposal to Transfer, all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in a single transaction or through a series of related transactions;
 
4.8.6 any change in the size of the Board;
 
4.8.7 any amendment of this Agreement or the Certificate of Formation of the Company attached as Exhibit A;
 
4.8.8 any modification, amendment, termination, or replacement of, or grant of any waiver under, any of the Related Agreements;
 
4.8.9 the registration of any securities of the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or the listing of any securities of the Company on any stock exchange or over-the-counter market;
 
4.8.10 any action by the Members taken without a meeting of the Members;
 
4.8.11 the extension of the term of this Agreement pursuant to Section 21.1;
 
4.8.12 any other decision of the Company set forth in this Agreement expressly requiring Unanimous Consent of the Members; and
 
4.8.13 the agreement or commitment to do any of the foregoing.
 
4.9 Other Activities
 
Subject to Section 15, each Member and its Affiliates may engage in or possess an interest in all business ventures of every nature and description, independently or with others, even if such activities compete directly with the business of the other Member and its Affiliates, and neither the Company nor the other Member shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in and to such independent ventures or the income or profits derived from them.
 
4.10 Deficit Upon Liquidation
 
Upon liquidation as provided in Section 21, none of the Members shall be liable to the Company for any deficit in its Capital Account, nor shall such deficits be deemed assets of the Company.
 
4.11 Company Property; Membership Interests
 
All property owned by the Company, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, and wherever located, shall be deemed to be owned by the Company and no Member, individually, shall have any ownership of such property.  The Membership Interests shall constitute personal property.
 
5. BOARD OF REPRESENTATIVES
 
5.1 Board
 
Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, the Business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by or under the exclusive direction of the Board.  The Board shall consist of six (6) Representatives, three (3) of whom shall be appointed by Caterpillar (which appointees shall not be an officer or employee of the Company or an employee of Caterpillar or one of its Affiliates who is seconded to the Company), and three (3) of whom shall be appointed by Navistar (which appointees shall not be an officer or employee of the Company or an employee of Navistar or one of its Affiliates who is seconded to the Company).  Each Representative shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Member appointing such Representative for all purposes of this Agreement, and all actions taken by such Representative shall be binding on such Member.  Caterpillar’s initial appointees shall be [___________], [___________] and [___________].  Navistar’s initial appointees shall be [___________], [___________] and [___________].  Each of the Representatives shall be authorized to appoint a proxy to participate for him or her on all actions of the Board.  Any such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary at or prior to the meeting at which any action is taken pursuant to such proxy.  
 
5.2 Chairman
 
The initial chairman of the Board shall serve from the Effective Date through the date that is one (1) year from the last day of the month in which the Effective Date occurs.  Each subsequent chairman of the Board shall serve a twelve (12) month term.  The initial chairman of the Board shall be, in Caterpillar’s discretion, one of the three (3) Representatives appointed by Caterpillar with respect to such period.  The next chairman of the Board shall be, in Navistar’s discretion, one of the three (3) Representatives appointed by Navistar with respect to such period.  Caterpillar and Navistar shall thereafter rotate each twelve (12) month term in determining which of its respective three (3) Representatives shall serve as chairman of the Board.  The role of the chairman is to chair the meetings of the Board.
 
5.3 Required Vote
 
The affirmative vote of a majority of all of the Representatives comprising the Board (and not, for the avoidance of doubt, a majority only of the Representatives in attendance at a particular Board meeting) shall be the act of the Board, unless the vote of a greater proportion of the Representatives comprising the Board is otherwise required by this Agreement or the Act.  
 
5.4 Term and Removal; Resignation of Representatives
 
5.4.1 Term and Removal.  Representatives shall serve in such capacity until their death, disability, resignation, or removal.  The Member appointing a Representative shall at any time be entitled to remove and replace such Representative, with or without cause.  The Member replacing such Representative shall promptly deliver a copy of the notice of such removal and replacement to such Representative, the Board and the other Member.  Removal shall be effective upon receipt of the written notice of such removal by each of such Representative, the Board and the other Member.
 
5.4.2 Resignation.  Any Representative may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board and each Member.  The resignation of any Representative shall take effect upon receipt of such notice by the Board and each Member or at such later time as shall be specified in the notice.
 
5.5 Vacancies
 
If a vacancy occurs as a result of the death, disability, resignation, or removal of a Representative, the Member appointing such Representative shall promptly, and in any event no later than the next regularly scheduled meeting, appoint a replacement Representative.
 
5.6 Authority of the Representatives
 
Unless authorized to do so by this Agreement or by the Board in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, no Representative shall have any power or authority to bind the Company in any way, to act as an agent of the Company, to pledge the Company’s credit, or to render the Company liable for any purpose.
 
5.7 No Reimbursement for Expenses or Compensation
 
The Representatives shall not be entitled to reimbursement from the Company for costs and expenses incurred in connection with the management of the Company and in attending Board meetings.  Such expenses may be reimbursed by the Member appointing such Representatives, in the sole discretion of such Member.  The Representatives shall not receive any compensation or salaries from the Company for performing their duties.
 
5.8 Meetings
 
Unless otherwise agreed to by the Board by Majority Consent, regular meetings of the Board shall be held bi-monthly, and all such meetings shall be held at the Company’s principal place of business or at such other place determined by the Board by Majority Consent.  Representatives may participate in any regular or special meeting of the Board by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment pursuant to which all Persons participating in the meeting can hear each other or by any other means permitted by the Act, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.  Unless otherwise prescribed by law, special meetings of the Board shall be held whenever called by any Representative.  Written notice stating the place, day, and hour of a special meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be delivered not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time of a special meeting to each Representative, subject to such shorter notice as an emergency situation shall reasonably dictate.  No actions other than those specified in the notice may be considered at a special meeting of the Board unless such consideration is approved by Majority Consent of the Board.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if all of the Representatives shall meet at any time and place and determine by Majority Consent to hold a meeting at such time and place, such meeting shall be valid without call or notice, and at such meeting any lawful action may be taken.  Accurate minutes of any meeting of the Board shall be taken and filed with the minute books or other records of the Company.
 
5.9 Action by Written Consent
 
Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if the action is authorized or approved by a written consent describing the action taken, signed by all of the Representatives comprising the Board, and delivered to the Company for inclusion in the minute books or for filing with the Company records.  A written consent may be delivered by fax or other electronic means and there shall be no requirement for maintaining original executed counterparts in the minute books or other records of the Company.
 
5.10 Waiver of Notice
 
When any notice of a meeting of the Board is required to be given to any Representative, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the Representative entitled to such notice, whether before, at, or after such meeting, or such Representative’s presence at such meeting, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.
 
5.11 Committees
 
By a resolution adopted with Majority Consent of the Board, the Board may designate such committees as the Board shall determine and shall prescribe the manner in which proceedings of such committees shall be conducted.  The provisions of this Agreement with respect to notice and conduct of meetings of the Board shall govern meetings of committees of the Board.  In resolutions adopted with Majority Consent of the Board authorizing any committee, the Board shall specify the authority of any such committee, subject to any limitations imposed by the Act.
 
5.12 Limitation of Liability of Representatives
 
The Liabilities and debts of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort, or otherwise, shall be solely the Liabilities and debts of the Company, and no Representative shall be obligated personally for any such Liability or debt of the Company solely by reason of being a Representative, except as otherwise required by law.  No Representatives shall owe a fiduciary duty to the Company or to a Member not appointing such Representative, except for the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing provided for under the Act.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as otherwise required by the Act or any other applicable law, in taking any action with respect to the Company (including determining whether to vote in favor of or against a matter requiring Majority Consent of the Board), each Representative is obligated to consider only the interests of the Member that appointed such Representative to the Board.
 
5.13 Actions Requiring Majority Consent of Board
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, no decisions or actions involving the Company enumerated below (other than any such decision that is already provided for in this Agreement or in any Related Agreement) shall be made or taken, as applicable, without Majority Consent of the Board:
 
5.13.1 other than with regard to the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan, in each case as of the Effective Date, adoption of each Annual Business Plan and each Rolling Business Plan and all changes thereto, including all changes to the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan contemplated by Section 2.3.3;
 
5.13.2 any change in the policy of the Company relating to distributions to the Members, including any amendment to or modification of Section 18;
 
5.13.3 the declaration of any distribution to the Members not in accordance with the Company’s policy relating to distributions to the Members or any of the provisions of this Agreement;
 
5.13.4 other than with respect to Related Agreements, which are addressed in Section 4.8.8, any transaction or series of related transactions between the Company (on the one hand) and Caterpillar or Navistar or one of their respective Affiliates (on the other hand) (including the entering into, amendment or modification of any agreement between the Company and Caterpillar, Navistar, or one of their respective Affiliates);
 
5.13.5 except as set forth in Section 5.14, any transaction or series of related transactions between the Company (on the one hand) and any Representative or officer or employee of the Company (on the other hand) (including the entering into, amendment or modification of any agreement between the Company and any Representative or officer or employee of the Company), except, with respect to officers and employees of the Company, for any employment agreement, employee benefit plan or any other arrangement relating to their employment;
 
5.13.6 capital expenditures that would result (together with any prior capital expenditures in any Fiscal Year) in the relevant amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan being exceeded by more than ten percent (10%) of such amount in such Fiscal Year;
 
5.13.7 any lease of personal property by the Company that would result (together with any prior leases in any Fiscal Year) in the relevant amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan being exceeded by more than ten percent (10%) of such amount in such Fiscal Year;
 
5.13.8 except as set forth in Section 21, any disposition of assets by the Company (including by lease from the Company), other than the sale or lease of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in the ordinary course of business, that would result (together with any prior dispositions in any Fiscal Year) in the relevant amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan being exceeded by more than ten percent (10%) of such amount in such Fiscal Year;
 
5.13.9 any pledge or hypothecation of, or grant of any lien or other encumbrance on, assets of the Company (together with any such prior pledges, hypothecations, liens, or other encumbrances) for an aggregate consideration in excess of $100,000;
 
5.13.10 except as set forth in Sections 3.2 and 5.13.34, any arrangement relating to the creation of indebtedness of the Company for borrowed money (other than trade payables in the ordinary course of business) (a) that (together with any prior indebtedness) would result in the relevant aggregate indebtedness amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan being exceeded, or (b) on terms materially different than the terms for such indebtedness contemplated by the Annual Business Plan;
 
5.13.11 any real property leasehold commitment, contract, agreement, or other arrangement involving consideration or the creation of a liability, contingent or otherwise, that (together with any prior payments of consideration or incurrence of liability in any Fiscal Year under any such commitment, contract, agreement, or other arrangement) would result in the relevant amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan being exceeded by more than ten percent (10%) of such amount in such Fiscal Year;
 
5.13.12 except as expressly provided in this Agreement (including Section 14), the entering into of any contract by the Company relating to the licensing or transfer of ownership of, or granting of rights to, any Intellectual Property of the Company to another Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company);
 
5.13.13 subject to Section 6, the appointment or removal of the President, the CFO, the Secretary, or any other officer designated by the Board (which designation, in any case, shall be pursuant to Section 6.2);
 
5.13.14 any guarantee of the payment of any money by or debt of, or the performance of any other obligation of, another Person, in excess of $50,000, individually or in the aggregate;
 
5.13.15 except as set forth in Section 5.15, the waiver, release, or abandonment of any legitimate right or claim against any Person (including any Member or Affiliate thereof) potentially liable to the Company for an amount in excess of $250,000;
 
5.13.16 except as set forth in Section 5.15, the initiation or settlement, or any material decision relating to the prosecution or defense, of any lawsuit, arbitration, administrative proceeding, or other legal claim involving an amount at issue in excess of $250,000;
 
5.13.17 the grant of any general power of attorney or other unlimited authority to act on behalf of or in the name of the Company;
 
5.13.18 the Gross Asset Value of any in-kind contribution made in lieu of cash as consideration for an equity interest in the Company;
 
5.13.19 the redemption, purchase, or other acquisition of any outstanding equity interest in the Company;
 
5.13.20 the execution, modification, extension, renewal, or termination of any material contract, lease, or other agreement outside the ordinary course of business of the Company;
 
5.13.21 any material change in the nature or scope of the Business conducted by the Company, including the commencement of any new line of business or the conduct of any business not contemplated by this Agreement;
 
5.13.22 the delegation by the Board of any of its powers (provided, that such delegation shall not relieve the Board of its obligations with respect thereto);
 
5.13.23 the purchase or other acquisition or the sale or other disposition of any equity or debt securities of another Person, or the entering into of a joint venture, partnership, or similar arrangement between the Company and another Person;
 
5.13.24 the purchase or other acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets, or any line of business, of another Person;
 
5.13.25 the establishment of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company, or the issuance, Transfer, pledge, or encumbrance of any equity or debt securities of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company;
 
5.13.26 any change in the Company’s name or use of a fictitious name;
 
5.13.27 the establishment, approval, or material modification of any benefit or incentive plans for employees of the Company;
 
5.13.28 any decision related to the compensation of any officer set forth in Section 6 who is an employee of the Company (and not an employee of Caterpillar, Navistar, or one of their Affiliates who is seconded to the Company);
 
5.13.29 except as set forth in Section 11.1, the direct sale of JV Trucks by the Company to any Person other than JV Dealers and, to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 11.1.3, Governmental COE Customers and Governmental Conventional Customers;
 
5.13.30 any loans or advances made by the Company in excess of $50,000, individually or in the aggregate, including intercompany loans and advances to Caterpillar or Navistar;
 
5.13.31 except as provided in this Agreement, in the Initial Annual Business Plan, in the Initial Rolling Business Plan, or in any subsequent Annual Business Plan or any subsequent Rolling Business Plan adopted by Majority Consent of the Board, the commencement of the manufacture or assembly of any JV Trucks by the Company and the selection of any location for any JV Truck Assembly Facility;
 
5.13.32 the establishment or modification of JV Truck product development plans (including the attributes and characteristics of current and potential JV Trucks and the objectives relating thereto, the timing of the development of such JV Trucks, and the funding and other resources necessary for the development of such JV Trucks);
 
5.13.33 the establishment or material modification of the terms of the Company’s standard warranties;
 
5.13.34 any requirement that the Members make loans or additional Capital Contributions to the Company in addition to those Capital Contribution Commitments and Loan Commitments set forth in the Initial Annual Business Plan, the Initial Rolling Business Plan, or any subsequent Annual Business Plan or any subsequent Rolling Business Plan adopted by Majority Consent of the Board;
 
5.13.35 the entering into of any futures trading, swap, financial derivative, or other hedging arrangement;
 
5.13.36 subject to Section 18.12, (a) the selection, change or termination of the Company’s independent auditor, (b) the selection or material change of the accounting methods, methodologies, practices, procedures, or policies utilized by the Company (except for those changes that are required by any new accounting standards or any regulatory requirements), and (c) the approval of the financial statements of the Company (including the monthly financial statements, the annual financial statements for the twelve (12) month period ended at the end of each Fiscal Year and the financial statements for the twelve (12) month period ended each December 31);
 
5.13.37 any action, decision, or election made by the Members in connection with taxes (including the preparation and filing of the Company’s federal and state income tax returns, or in directing the actions of the Tax Matters Partner) to the extent the Members do not otherwise agree pursuant to Section 8.2.10 and Article 18;
 
5.13.38 the establishment of any account with any bank or other financial institution to hold the funds and securities of the Company;
 
5.13.39 any other decisions of the Company set forth in this Agreement expressly requiring Majority Consent of the Board;
 
5.13.40 take any action expressly prohibited to be taken by the Company under the Mahindra Waiver; and
 
5.13.41 the agreement or commitment to do any of the foregoing.
 
5.14 Indemnification of Representatives, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
 
The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Representatives, officers, employees (including employees of Caterpillar, Navistar, or one of their Affiliates who are seconded to the Company), and other agents of the Company (each an “Indemnitee”) against any Liabilities arising out of any claim, demand, action, suit, or proceeding related to the performance or non-performance of any act concerning the Business or the activities of the Company, if (a) such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company (subject to the provisions of Section 5.12), (b) such Indemnitee’s action or inaction does not constitute recklessness, and (c) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.  The termination of any action, suit, or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption (i) that such Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, (ii) that such Indemnitee’s action or inaction constitutes recklessness, or (iii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that such Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.  Any expenses covered by the foregoing indemnification shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, or proceeding; provided, that it appears reasonably likely in the good faith judgment of the Board (as determined by Majority Consent) that such Indemnitee is or shall be entitled to indemnification, and provided further that such Indemnitee agrees to repay such amounts if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified.
 
5.15 Control of Certain Legal Proceedings
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement (including Section 5.13.15 and Section 5.13.16), the initiation, prosecution, settlement, and defense of any lawsuit, arbitration, administrative proceeding, or other legal claim by a Member or any of its Affiliates against or involving the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries or by the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries against or involving a Member or any of its Affiliates shall be controlled solely by the Representatives appointed to the Board by the other Member.  Such Representatives shall have the right, to the exclusion of the other Representatives, (a) to manage and control any such lawsuit, arbitration, administrative proceeding, or other legal claim, and (b) to direct the officers and employees of the Company with respect to any such lawsuit, arbitration, administrative proceeding, or other legal claim.
 
6. OFFICERS
 
6.1 Qualifications
 
Each officer of the Company shall be a natural person.  An officer need not be a resident of the State of Delaware.  No officer of the Company shall be a Representative.  Each of the President and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) shall dedicate all of his business time and attention to the business and affairs of the Company.
 
6.2 Nomination and Appointment
 
The officers of the Company shall consist of a President, a CFO, a Secretary, and such other officers as determined by the Board by Majority Consent.  Subject to the selection process set forth in this Section 6.2 with respect to the President, the CFO, and the Secretary, all officers shall be appointed by the Board by Majority Consent.  The initial President, and each subsequent President, shall be nominated by the Representatives appointed by Navistar.  The initial CFO and Secretary, and each subsequent CFO and Secretary, shall be nominated by the Representatives appointed by Caterpillar.  Each nominee for President, CFO and Secretary may be (a) an employee of Navistar, Caterpillar, or the Company, or (b) any other person.  The appointment of a nominee to any officer position of the Company (including any nominee for President, CFO or Secretary) shall be subject to the Majority Consent of the Board, it being understood that each Representative may withhold his approval in his discretion for the appointment of such nominee.  Except as otherwise determined by the Board by Majority Consent, each of the President, the CFO and the Secretary shall serve in such office for a term of three (3) years, or until his or her earlier death, disability, resignation, or, upon the request of the Member nominating such officer, removal by the Board by Majority Consent (it being understood that each Representative may withhold his approval in his discretion for the removal of such officer).  At the end of the three (3) year term of service of each of the President, CFO and Secretary, the Member’s Representatives responsible for selecting the nominee for such office shall designate as the nominee for such office, in their discretion, either the individual who then holds such office or another individual.  If any individual’s term of service as an officer expires prior to the approval of the reinstatement of such individual to such office or the replacement of such individual with another individual for such office, in each case, by the Board by Majority Consent, all management vested in such office pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise by the Board shall be vested in the Board until such reinstatement or replacement is approved by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
6.3 President
 
The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Company, and, under the direction and subject to the control of the Board, the President in general shall, subject to Section 5, manage the Business and affairs of the Company and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect.
 
6.4 Chief Financial Officer
 
The CFO shall have the care and custody of all the funds and securities of the Company.  Subject to Section 5, the CFO may endorse checks, drafts, and other instruments for the payment of money for deposit or collection when necessary or proper and may deposit the same to the credit of the Company in such banks or depositories as the Board may designate from time to time, and the CFO may endorse all financial documents requiring endorsements for or on behalf of the Company.  The CFO may sign all receipts and vouchers for payments made to the Company.  The CFO shall render an account of his or her transactions to the Board or President as the Board or President shall require from time to time.  The CFO shall enter regularly in the books to be kept by him or her for that purpose, a full and adequate account of all monies received and paid by him or her on account of the Company.  The CFO shall also perform, under the direction and subject to the control of the Board and the President, such other duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time.
 
6.5 Vice Presidents
 
Any Vice President nominated and appointed by the Board shall act subject to the direction and control of the President.  Subject to Section 5, each Vice President may execute and deliver any deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments that the Board or the President has authorized to be executed and delivered, except in cases where the execution and delivery thereof shall be expressly and exclusively delegated to another officer of the Company by the Board or this Agreement, or where the execution and delivery thereof shall be required by law to be executed and delivered by another Person.  In general, each Vice President shall perform all duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.  Each Vice President shall consult with the President in connection with the performance of his or her duties.
 
6.6 Secretary
 
The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Members and of the Board and record correctly the proceedings of such meetings and record all votes in a minute book suitable for such purposes.  The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the Members and of the Board.  The Secretary shall attest with his or her signature all deeds, conveyances, or other instruments requiring the seal of the Company.  The Secretary shall keep in safe custody the seal, if any, of the Company.  The Secretary shall also perform, under the direction and subject to the control of the Board, such other duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time.
 
6.7 Treasurer
 
Any Treasurer designated and appointed by the Board shall be subject to the direction of the CFO and shall assist the CFO in the performance of his or her duties.  At the direction of the CFO or in the event of his or her absence or disability, the Treasurer shall perform the duties of the CFO.  The Treasurer shall have custody of the Company funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Company and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Company in such banks or depositories as may be designated by the CFO or the Board.  The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Company as may be ordered by the President, the CFO or the Board, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Board at its regular meetings or when the Board so requires, an account of all of the Treasurer’s transactions and of the financial condition of the Company.  The Treasurer shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time by the CFO or the Board.
 
6.8 Other Officers
 
In general, any other officer nominated and appointed by the Board and not otherwise described in Sections 6.3 through 6.7 shall perform all duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board and shall be subject to the direction and control of the President in connection with the performance of his or her duties.
 
6.9 Compensation; Reimbursement of Expenses
 
The salaries or other compensation of each officer of the Company who is an employee of the Company (and not an employee of Caterpillar, Navistar, or one of their Affiliates who is seconded to the Company) shall be fixed from time to time by the Board, upon Majority Consent, as part of the Annual Business Plan.  The officers of the Company shall be entitled to prompt reimbursement from the Company of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in the course of the performance of their duties.
 
7. SECONDED PERSONNEL AND EMPLOYEES
 
7.1 Initial Staffing Plan
 
The Company shall be staffed with personnel in accordance with the Initial Staffing Plan agreed to by the Members (the “Initial Staffing Plan”)3, which sets forth the name and job title of each salaried or management seconded personnel of the Company.  All subsequent staffing plans for the Company (each a “Subsequent Staffing Plan”) shall be incorporated into the Annual Business Plan and the Rolling Business Plan of the Company and shall include (i) each salaried or management direct employee of the Company, (ii) each salaried or management seconded personnel of the Company, and (iii) the approximate number of hourly direct employees of the Company.
 
7.2 Seconded Personnel
 
Caterpillar and Navistar shall second, or cause their respective Affiliates to second, to the Company such salaried and management personnel in accordance with the Initial Staffing Plan and all Subsequent Staffing Plans and pursuant to the terms of the applicable Employee Secondment Agreement between the Company (on the one hand) and each of Caterpillar or its Affiliates and Navistar or its Affiliates (on the other hand).  All decisions relating to the identification of any Member employee to be seconded to the Company and the significant terms of such secondment arrangement (including the date on which such employee’s secondment to the Company commences and the duration of such secondment period), to the extent not already set forth in the Initial Staffing Plan or a Subsequent Staffing Plan, or in the applicable Employee Secondment Agreement, shall be determined by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
7.3 Employees
 
The Company shall hire such employees in accordance with a Subsequent Staffing Plan, as may be amended by the Board by Majority Consent.  No current employees of either Member shall become direct employees of the Company at the Effective Date.  All decisions relating to the hiring and employment terms of the President or any Company employee who reports directly to the President or whose annual base salary exceeds $150,000, to the extent not set forth in a Subsequent Staffing Plan, shall be determined by the Board by Majority Consent.  The Board, by Majority Consent, shall develop rules and regulations pertaining to its internal affairs and operations and the conduct of employees that shall be compatible with those of Caterpillar and Navistar, and which rules and regulations shall also apply to the seconded personnel.  From and after the commencement of the secondment period provided for in each Employee Secondment Agreement, if the Company advertises any job opening that an employee of Caterpillar or Navistar voluntarily applies for and fills, then upon filling such job opening, such employee shall cease being an employee of Caterpillar or Navistar (as applicable) and shall become a Company employee (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that any employee transfers described in this sentence shall be separate and distinct from the secondment arrangement described in Section 7.2).
 
7.4 Compensation
 
The Board shall, upon Majority Consent, develop and implement the initial compensation plans applicable to Company employees and the initial incentive compensation plans applicable to Company employees and Company seconded personnel.  All subsequent compensation plans for the Company shall be incorporated into the Annual Business Plan and the Rolling Business Plan of the Company.  The compensation plans and the incentive compensation plans for the Company employees shall be designed to focus Company employees on achieving the business objectives of the Company.  The incentive compensation plans for the Company seconded personnel shall be designed to focus each seconded individual on achieving both the business objectives of such individual’s employer (i.e., Caterpillar or Navistar, as applicable) and the business objectives of the Company.
 
7.5 Management Positions
 
The Members agree to allocate certain initial Company management positions in accordance with Section 6.2 and the Initial Staffing Plan.  Subject to Section 6.2, for subsequent appointments, the President shall nominate replacements for these positions due to death, disability, resignation, retirement, or termination, without regard to Member alignments, which nominations shall be subject to the approval of the Board by Majority Consent.
 
7.6 Labor and Union Issues
 
Caterpillar and Navistar shall work to minimize the influence of third parties in the Company work force.  Neither Caterpillar nor Navistar shall agree to any union agreement provisions that limit the ability of either Member or the Company to operate independently.  Caterpillar and Navistar shall work together to coordinate all communication with unions that are related to the formation of the Company.
 
7.7 Non-Hire
 
7.7.1 Without the prior written consent of Navistar, neither Caterpillar nor any of its Affiliates shall, directly or indirectly, employ (a) any Navistar employee who is seconded to the Company pursuant to the applicable Employee Secondment Agreement during the period that such Navistar employee is seconded to the Company, or (b) any Company employee during the period that such individual is a Company employee; provided that, in the case of each of clauses (a) and (b), neither Caterpillar nor any of its Affiliates shall be precluded from hiring any such individual who (A) initiates discussions regarding such employment, or (B) responds to any public advertisement, unless the advertisement is undertaken with the intention of violating this Section 7.7.1, placed by Caterpillar or one of its Affiliates.
 
7.7.2 Without the prior written consent of Caterpillar, neither Navistar nor any of its Affiliates shall, directly or indirectly, employ (a) any Caterpillar employee who is seconded to the Company pursuant to the applicable Employee Secondment Agreement during the period that such Caterpillar employee is seconded to the Company, or (b) any Company employee during the period that such individual is a Company employee; provided that, in the case of each of clauses (a) and (b), neither Navistar nor any of its Affiliates shall be precluded from hiring any such individual who (A) initiates discussions regarding such employment, or (B) responds to any public advertisement, unless the advertisement is undertaken with the intention of violating this Section 7.7.2, placed by Navistar or one of its Affiliates.
 
8. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SOLD BY MEMBERS TO THE COMPANY
 
8.1 Generally
 
Each Member shall provide the Company with certain products and services pursuant to the terms of one or more sales agreements and service agreements.  Certain of such agreements are being entered into by the Members and the Company simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement pursuant to Section 1.6, and certain of such agreements shall be entered into by the Members and the Company following the Effective Date as and when approved by the Board by Majority Consent.  All such agreements shall follow the general principles set forth in Section 8.2.  
 
8.2 Certain Principles
 
8.2.1 The Company may purchase, in its discretion, completely built JV Trucks and JV Truck Components that are part of knock-down kits for JV Trucks.

8.2.2 Completely built JV Trucks shall be sold by Navistar to the Company pursuant to the Truck Sales Agreement.

8.2.3 JV Truck Components (whether or not part of a knock-down kit) and JV Truck Replacement Parts shall be sold by each Member to the Company pursuant to the applicable Master Component Supply Agreements, and the Company shall be permitted to source components and parts from any Person, including third parties or the Members.

8.2.4 Costs and expenses associated with kitting a knock-down kit shall be paid for by the Company.
 
8.2.5 All research and development services and Mark-Up Engineering Services, in each case, relating to product design and product development provided by a Member shall be sold to the Company at Cost–plus-[5][7]%.

8.2.6 All parts distribution services performed by Caterpillar with respect to Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts (to the extent that Caterpillar is retained by the Company to perform such services), parts distribution services performed by Navistar with respect to Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts (to the extent that Navistar is retained by the Company to perform such services), and logistics services through Caterpillar Logistics Services, Inc. (to the extent that Caterpillar is retained by the Company to perform such services) shall be sold to the Company at prices that are negotiated by such Member or, in the case of logistics services, Caterpillar Logistics Services, Inc., and the Company.  If the Company does not retain Caterpillar or one of its Affiliates or Navistar or one of its Affiliates to provide such services, it shall be permitted with the Majority Consent of the Board to retain any other Person, including third parties, to provide parts distribution services or logistics services related to Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts or Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.

8.2.7 The terms on which Caterpillar Financial shall provide financing services in connection with the Company’s Business, if Caterpillar Financial is retained by the Company to provide such services, will be negotiated by Caterpillar Financial and the Company.  The Company, with the Majority Consent of the Board, may also retain other Persons, including third parties or Navistar or one of its Affiliates, to provide financing services to or on behalf of the Company or with respect to JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts.

8.2.8 Any service not described in Sections 8.2.1 through 8.2.7 that is rendered directly by a Member or any of its Affiliates to the Company shall be sold to the Company at Cost-plus-2.5% to the extent permissible under applicable law.

8.2.9 All services that are purchased by a Member or any of its Affiliates from a third party and then re-sold to the Company shall be so sold to the Company on a pass-through basis without mark-up.

8.2.10 Each of the principles set forth in this Section 8.2 and any dealings or arrangements between the Members or any of their Affiliates and the Company shall conform to the transfer pricing rules and guidelines (when applicable) and any other applicable tax law.  The Members jointly shall decide whether such dealings and arrangements conform and shall provide recommendations to meet the requirements of such rules and guidelines.  The Parties will use their commercially reasonable efforts to source services and goods in such a manner as to reduce or eliminate intercompany mark-ups for cross border services and goods.
 
9. JV TRUCK MODELS; MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY OF JV TRUCKS
 
9.1 JV Truck Models
 
JV Truck Models shall include all of Navistar’s models for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks set forth in the Initial Rolling Business Plan.  JV Truck Models may also include (a) any and all of Navistar’s models for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks existing as of the Effective Date (irrespective of where in the world such models are sold by Navistar or any of its Affiliates) and, to the extent not included in clause (a), (b) any model for Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks developed by Navistar or the Company after the Effective Date, and (c) any truck model sold by Navistar or any of its Affiliates to Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates in the U.S., Canada or Mexico under the North American Severe Service Truck Sales Agreement, in each of clauses (a), (b) and (c) as approved by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
9.2 Manufacture of JV Trucks by Navistar
 
9.2.1 Generally.  Beginning on the Effective Date, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Truck Sales Agreement, Navistar (or, with the Majority Consent of the Board, any third party) shall manufacture, assemble and sell to the Company, and the Company shall purchase from Navistar (or such third-party manufacturer, if applicable), finished Navistar Truck Models and Caterpillar Truck Models pursuant to the Truck Sales Agreement or a truck sales agreement with such third-party manufacturer.
 
9.2.2 Allocation of Production Resources.  Navistar’s obligation to supply Navistar Truck Models and Caterpillar Truck Models to the Company under the Truck Sales Agreement shall be subject to the terms, conditions and allocation methodologies agreed to by the Members.
 
9.3 Establishment of JV Truck Assembly Facility
 
At any time following the Effective Date, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, the Company may establish a JV Truck Assembly Facility for the manufacture or assembly of JV Truck Models.  The Company, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, may establish a separate direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary in each country in which the Company intends to manufacture or assemble JV Trucks.
 
9.4 JV Truck Components
 
9.4.1 After any JV Truck Assembly Facility commences the assembly of a JV Truck model (or any JV Truck Component relating thereto), the Company may purchase JV Truck Components directly from Navistar or Caterpillar pursuant to Master Component Supply Agreements or from any third party.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Members agree and acknowledge that (a) differences may arise in the pricing, terms, and availability with respect to direct material purchases by the Company (on the one hand) and the Members (on the other hand) if and when the Company chooses suppliers or JV Truck Components that differ from what is consistent with the Members’ then-current sourcing strategies, and (b) other factors, including loss of scale, logistics, country duties, and taxes, may impact the pricing, terms, and availability of direct material purchases by the Company.  Accordingly, in order to facilitate the identification of market-competitive opportunities for direct material purchases, the Company shall form a sourcing council (the “Sourcing Council”).  The Sourcing Council shall include, at a minimum, one Company executive member and a representative from each Member’s global purchasing organization, with such three (3) members being the sole voting members.  All strategic sourcing decisions, including any decisions to source from a Member’s internal division(s), must be approved (i) by a unanimous vote of the Sourcing Council, or (ii) in the absence of a unanimous vote of the Sourcing Council on any strategic sourcing decision, by Majority Consent of the Board.
 
9.4.2 The Company, upon Majority Consent by the Board, may contract with the Members to provide JV Truck Component purchasing services, which allocation of services between the Members shall be determined by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
9.4.3 Notwithstanding Sections 9.4.1 and 9.4.2, unless the Board agrees otherwise by Majority Consent, any JV Truck manufactured or assembled by Navistar or the Company on or prior to December 31, 2010 and containing an automatic transmission shall be manufactured or assembled to include exclusively automatic transmissions manufactured or assembled by Allison Transmission, Inc.  Navistar shall not, without the Majority Consent of the Board, amend or renew its purchase agreement with Allison Transmission, Inc. in any manner that would restrict any activities of the Company.
 
9.4.4 Furthermore, as part of the ongoing efforts by Navistar or any of its Affiliates to develop its transmission strategy for vehicles that are not JV Truck Models, Caterpillar will be given the opportunity and a reasonable period of time to be included among the consideration set of potential suppliers for new transmission business prior to Navistar materially amending or renewing its purchase agreement with Allison Transmission, Inc., or prior to executing any new transmission purchase agreement between Navistar or any of its Affiliates (on the one hand) and any other Person (on the other hand), in any case, with respect to any trucks or other vehicles to be sold by Navistar or its Affiliates anywhere in the world.  If Caterpillar makes a bona fide offer for such new transmission business, Navistar shall consider, and shall cause its Affiliates to consider and discuss, such offer in good faith, but is not required to accept or negotiate such offer and is free to amend or renew such purchase agreement with Allison Transmission, Inc. or execute a new transmission purchase agreement with any third party.
 
10. JV TRUCK REPLACEMENT PARTS
 
10.1 Generally
 
The Company shall be accountable for all JV Truck Replacement Parts and shall manage the JV Truck Replacement Parts business according to the following general principles:
 
10.1.1 Profits from the sales of JV Truck Replacement Parts shall be for the account of the Company;
 
10.1.2 The overall goal of the Company shall be to focus and grow the JV Truck Replacement Parts revenue, profitability, and market share;
 
10.1.3 Pricing for all JV Truck Replacement Parts shall be established by the Company.  In determining such pricing, the Company shall (a) consider pricing between similar Caterpillar Brand parts, Navistar Brand parts, and Common Parts, and (b) seek to discourage JV Dealers from sourcing parts outside of the Company’s intended distribution channels for such parts.  Navistar may provide pricing research and recommendations to the Company as a service pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services.  Caterpillar and Navistar may provide engine pricing research and recommendations to the Company as a service pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services;
 
10.1.4 The Caterpillar Brand and Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts business shall be managed by the Company in a manner consistent with the brand management strategy of Caterpillar and Navistar, respectively, including new product introduction and support activities;
 
10.1.5 Caterpillar Brand parts (e.g., Caterpillar filters, belts, batteries, oil, coolant, etc.) shall be used on Caterpillar Truck Models and engines where possible;
 
10.1.6 Navistar Brand parts (e.g., Navistar filters, belts, batteries, oil, coolant, etc.) shall be used on Navistar Truck Models and engines where possible;
 
10.1.7 Caterpillar, in its sole discretion, shall determine whether All-Makes Parts shall be distributed to JV Dealers that sell Caterpillar Truck Models or Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts unless such JV Dealer also sells Navistar Truck Models, in which event such determination shall be made by the Board upon Majority Consent;
 
10.1.8 Navistar, in its sole discretion, shall determine whether All-Makes Parts shall be distributed to JV Dealers that sell only Navistar Truck Models or only Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts unless such JV Dealer also sells Caterpillar Truck Models, in which event such determination shall be made by the Board upon Majority Consent;
 
10.1.9 Except for sales to military customers and certain Governmental Conventional Customers by Navistar and its Affiliates pursuant to the provisions of Section 11.1.3.2 or otherwise pursuant to the provisions of Section 15.3.4, none of the Company, Caterpillar, Navistar or their respective 5% Affiliates (excluding the Mahindra JV) shall sell Will-Fit Parts for JV Trucks in the ROW (it being understood and agreed that Navistar will use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the Mahindra JV from selling Will-Fit Parts for JV Trucks in the ROW);
 
10.1.10 Caterpillar or Navistar, as applicable, shall seek to obtain for the Company or seek to pass on to the Company any supplier incentives or rebates in connection with the Company’s purchase of JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts;
 
10.1.11 The Company and each Member shall seek to avoid public disclosure of JV Truck Replacement Parts revenues and profits, except as may be required by applicable law or securities regulatory authorities; and
 
10.1.12 Replacement Parts and Components Sold by the Company to the Members.
 
10.1.12.1 Pursuant to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 6, Caterpillar shall have the right to purchase all replacement parts from the Company for re-sale by Caterpillar in North America solely for use in connection with Caterpillar Trucks and Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America.  Navistar shall sell such replacement parts that are produced by Navistar or its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries or that are sourced by Navistar or its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries from a third party supplier to the Company (for re-sale to Caterpillar) pursuant to the terms (including price) and subject to the conditions set forth in Master Component Supply Agreement No. 2.  Pursuant to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 7, Navistar shall have the right to purchase (i) all JV Truck Replacement Parts (but only to the extent that the Company has used or is using that replacement part on JV Trucks) and (ii) all replacement parts for North American Medium Duty COE Trucks and Heavy Duty COE Trucks that are manufactured or assembled by the Company for Navistar, in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii), from the Company for re-sale by Navistar in North America solely for use in connection with any Navistar Vehicles sold in North America.  Caterpillar shall sell such replacement parts that are produced by Caterpillar or its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries or that are sourced by Caterpillar or its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries from a third party supplier to the Company (for re-sale to Navistar) pursuant to the terms (including price) and subject to the conditions set forth in Master Component Supply Agreement No. 1.  The selling Member under each applicable Master Component Supply Agreement will not unreasonably withhold its agreement to, or attach unreasonable conditions in, the negotiation or execution of any purchase schedule under any Master Component Supply Agreement.  The Members will use good faith efforts to act reasonably in negotiating to enter into each purchase schedule under any Master Component Supply Agreement.
 
10.1.12.2 Pursuant to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 9, Caterpillar shall have the right to purchase from the Company all replacement parts and components produced by the Company or sourced by the Company from third party suppliers (other than from Navistar), but only to the extent that the Company is using that replacement part or component on JV Trucks.  Subject to any other provision in this Agreement, including Section 15, Caterpillar may purchase (i) components solely for use in connection with Caterpillar components or Caterpillar products (including heavy equipment) sold anywhere in the world, and (ii) replacement parts solely for use in connection with (A) Caterpillar Trucks and Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America and (B) Caterpillar products (including heavy equipment) sold anywhere in the world, in the case of both clauses (A) and (B) above, subject to the applicable purchase schedule under Master Component Supply Agreement No. 9; provided, however, that the components and replacement parts purchased by Caterpillar under clauses (i) and (ii) above may not be used in connection with JV Trucks sold in ROW.  Pursuant to Master Component Supply Agreement No. 8, Navistar shall have the right to purchase from the Company all replacement parts and components produced by the Company or sourced by the Company from third party suppliers (other than Caterpillar), but only to the extent that the Company is using that replacement part or component on JV Trucks.  Subject to any other provision in this Agreement, including Section 15, Navistar may purchase (x) components solely for use in connection with the manufacture or assembly by Navistar of Navistar Vehicles, Navistar-branded North American Medium Duty COE Trucks and Heavy Duty COE Trucks, JV Trucks, Caterpillar Trucks, and Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold anywhere in the world subject to the applicable purchase schedule under Master Component Supply Agreement No. 8, and (y) replacement parts solely for use in connection with Navistar Vehicles sold anywhere in the world or Navistar-branded North American Medium Duty COE Trucks or Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America subject to the applicable purchase schedule under Master Component Supply Agreement No. 8; provided, however, that the components and replacement parts purchased by Navistar under clauses (x) and (y) above may not be used in connection with JV Trucks sold in ROW.
 
10.1.12.3 The Company shall sell the replacement parts and components described in Sections 10.1.12.1 and 10.1.12.2 above to Caterpillar and Navistar on the terms (including price) and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable Master Component Supply Agreements.  Sales of such replacement parts by the Company to a Member shall be made only to the extent that the volume of such replacement parts is reasonable in relation to the volume of trucks or other products (as applicable) sold by such Member prior to such replacement parts sales.  The Members shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which such replacement parts are sold, (ii) discourage Caterpillar’s dealers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks or other products (as applicable) other than (x) Caterpillar Trucks and Caterpillar-branded Vocational Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America or (y) Caterpillar components and Caterpillar products (including heavy equipment but excluding JV Trucks sold by the Company or its direct or indirect subsidiaries in the ROW) sold anywhere in the world, and (iii) discourage Navistar’s dealers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks or other products (as applicable) other than any Navistar Vehicles sold anywhere in the world (excluding JV Trucks sold by the Company or its direct or indirect subsidiaries in the ROW) or Navistar-branded North American Medium Duty COE Trucks or Heavy Duty COE Trucks sold in North America.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, a Member reasonably believes in good faith that the other Member’s dealers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks or other products (as applicable) other than as permitted above, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
10.2 Organization and Management
 
The JV Truck Replacement Parts business shall be managed by the Company’s Parts and Services Manager, who shall be a Vice-President and report to the President.  The Company’s Parts and Services Manager shall have the following parts and product support responsibilities, provided, that (a) as applicable, such responsibilities shall be subject to each Member’s brand requirements, and (b) the Company, with the Majority Consent of the Board, may engage Caterpillar or Navistar to perform any or all of such responsibilities pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services: (i) establishing service standards, including time allowed for providing parts and product support; (ii) pricing of JV Truck Replacement Parts for JV Dealers; (iii) developing parts business plans (including profit and loss); (iv) providing forecasted JV Truck Replacement Parts requirements; (v) managing JV Truck Replacement Parts and product support related needs associated with the introduction of new JV Trucks models; (vi) providing parts stock, service tooling, technical information, suggested parts stocking list, training, and related matters; (vii) acquiring parts distribution and logistics services; (viii) providing critical technical marketing support (including application and installation) and field service support (including service engineering) functions for both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models; and (ix) acquiring parts and service publications (parts books, service manuals, operation and maintenance manuals, SIS Web, and related documents) for both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models, per brand requirements.
 
10.3 Purchase and Distribution of JV Truck Replacement Parts
 
10.3.1 Generally.  Subject to Sections 10.3.2 and 10.3.3 and unless otherwise determined by the Board by Majority Consent, the Company shall be responsible for purchasing, owning, managing the inventory of, and reselling and distributing to JV Dealers both Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts and Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.  The Company shall, and shall cause any purchasing agent it retains to, use commercially reasonable efforts to purchase JV Truck Replacement Parts from the Members to the extent commercially practicable, but may also purchase JV Truck Replacement Parts from suppliers of Caterpillar and Navistar and other third parties.  All such purchases shall be in accordance with sourcing decisions by the Sourcing Council and certain branding guidelines agreed to by the Members.  Neither the Company nor either Member shall sell JV Truck Replacement Parts of one Member’s brand to any JV Dealer that is not selling JV Truck Models of such Member’s brand.  No document setting forth a part number cross-reference between Navistar Brand parts and Caterpillar Brand parts shall exist for JV Dealers or be published externally.  The Parties agree that the Company should utilize common parts logistics services for Navistar Brand parts and Caterpillar Brand parts whenever practicable and minimize duplication of inventory and logistics costs.
 
10.3.2 Caterpillar Brand.  The Company may retain, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, either Member (pursuant to the terms of the Master Terms for Purchased Services between the Company and such Member) to serve as the purchasing agent for the Company for Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts using such Member’s Purchasing Group in accordance with sourcing decisions made by the Sourcing Council.  The systems utilized by the purchasing agent shall be configured to handle Caterpillar’s numbering or nomenclature for Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.  The Company may retain, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, the appropriate logistics services provider (including Caterpillar) for the distribution of Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.  If the Company retains Caterpillar to provide distribution and other logistics services with respect to Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts, then, in exchange for a services fee to be paid by the Company to Caterpillar, Caterpillar or its Affiliates shall use their respective parts distribution systems and processes to sell and distribute Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts (including engine parts) to JV Dealers.  This arrangement may, under certain circumstances, require Caterpillar to purchase certain Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts from the Company or a third-party supplier and resell such parts to certain JV Dealers or, alternatively, to sell to certain JV Dealers Caterpillar’s own inventory of Caterpillar Brand replacement parts for Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks.  The profits from such sales, less the aforementioned services fee for Caterpillar’s services, shall be for the account of the Company.  Caterpillar shall determine its JV Truck Replacement Parts brand strategy and numbering requirements.  All Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts shall have Caterpillar part numbering nomenclature and be packaged in a Caterpillar container per Caterpillar guidelines, unless otherwise approved by Caterpillar, and any JV Dealer that distributes Caterpillar Brand parts shall abide by Caterpillar Brand guidelines as set forth by Caterpillar from time to time.
 
10.3.3 Navistar Brand.  The Company may retain, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, either Member (pursuant to the terms of the Master Terms for Purchased Services between the Company and such Member) to serve as the purchasing agent for the Company for Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts using such Member’s Purchasing Group in accordance with sourcing decisions made by the Sourcing Council.  The systems utilized by the purchasing agent shall be configured to handle Navistar’s numbering or nomenclature for Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.  The Company may retain, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent, the appropriate logistics services provider (including Caterpillar Logistics Services, Inc.) for the distribution of Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts. Navistar shall determine its JV Truck Replacement Parts brand strategy and numbering requirements.  The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to include in its sales and services agreements with the applicable JV Dealers in the relevant territories a provision authorizing such JV Dealers to sell Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts to any former Navistar dealer solely to enable such former Navistar dealer to service any products utilizing a Navistar brand sold by such dealer prior to the Effective Date.
 
10.3.4 Exclusivity and Common Parts.
 
10.3.4.1 Subject to applicable law and except for sales to military customers and certain Governmental Conventional Customers by Navistar and its Affiliates pursuant to the provisions of Section 11.1.3.2 or otherwise pursuant to the provisions of Section 15.3.4, the Members and the Company shall implement policies, processes and systems to cause JV Truck Replacement Parts, other than Common Parts, to be sold in the ROW exclusively through the JV Dealers (except where required for the sale of JV Truck Replacement Parts to certain Governmental COE Customers or Governmental Conventional Customers in the ROW as permitted by Section 11.1.3).  For example, a Member may assign separate dealer codes to help track and manage the Business.
 
10.3.4.2 The Company shall endeavor with each Member to offer competitive parts pricing for Common Parts to maximize opportunities with JV Dealers to order such Common Parts from the Company.
 
10.3.4.3 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, (a) each Member and its Affiliates may market and sell at any time in any ROW country Common Parts except to the extent that such Member or such Affiliate reasonably believes that such Common Parts will ultimately be used in a JV Truck sold by the Company, and (b) if any of such sales of Common Parts by a Member or its Affiliates that such Member or such Affiliate reasonably believes will not ultimately be used in a JV Truck sold by the Company, as permitted by clause (a), are made by the Company (rather than by Caterpillar, Navistar, or their respective Affiliates, as applicable), all profits or losses arising from the Company’s sale shall be entirely for the account of Caterpillar or Navistar, respectively, and shall be transferred to Caterpillar or Navistar, respectively.  The Company and each Member shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to monitor, to the extent reasonably practicable, the end-user customers to which Common Parts are sold.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, either Member reasonably believes in good faith that the other Member is selling in any ROW country Common Parts that are ultimately being used in a JV Truck sold by the Company, (A) the Company and the Members shall investigate such matter and, (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
10.4 Remanufacturing Services
 
The Company shall consider Caterpillar’s Remanufacturing Division as its lead remanufacturing provider (i.e., preferred source of remanufactured products and services) and shall invite Caterpillar to bid on remanufacturing services and product supply on terms to be negotiated by the Sourcing Council and Caterpillar on an arms’ length basis.  Navistar and the Company shall grant, and shall cause each of their Affiliates to grant, to the Person retained by the Company to provide remanufacturing services (and any Affiliates or subcontractors of such entity) a nonexclusive, royalty-free license under any Intellectual Property owned prior to, on or after the Effective Date by Navistar or the Company, or any of their Affiliates, or to which Navistar or the Company, or any of their Affiliates, prior to, on or after the Effective Date holds rights to for the purpose of providing or arranging to be provided remanufactured products or remanufacturing services to the Company.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Master Plan of Cooperation for Remanufacturing Services, dated August 24, 2006, between Navistar and Caterpillar (the “MPC”), the Master Reman Supply Agreement and Reman Product Development Agreement (as defined in the MPC) shall not be deemed to be superseded or otherwise amended by this Agreement.
 
10.5 Allocation of JV Truck Replacement Parts Sold by the Company
 
In the event of any shortage in the supply of JV Truck Replacement Parts, the Company shall determine the allocation of the available supply, in accordance with the following order of priority:
 
10.5.1 In compliance with applicable law or the requirements of any governmental authority;
 
10.5.2 JV Truck Replacement Parts for emergency and truck down situations (based on the date the order is received) where the JV Truck is under warranty;
 
10.5.3 JV Truck Replacement Parts for emergency and truck down situations (based on the date the order is received) where the JV Truck is not under warranty;
 
10.5.4 JV Truck Replacement Parts for JV Truck production as set forth in the Annual Business Plan; and
 
10.5.5 JV Truck Replacement Parts to JV Truck Replacement Part stock needs.
 
Whether and when to put particular JV Truck Replacement Parts on allocation or remove such JV Truck Replacement Parts from allocation shall be decided by the Company.
 
10.6 Allocation of JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts that are Sourced by the Company from a Member
 
The Company shall have access to each Member’s inventory as a source of JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts.  If either Member is on allocation with respect to JV Truck Components or JV Truck Replacement Parts, the Company shall have priority according to such Member’s allocation guidelines, as agreed to by the Members.  Each Member may amend, modify or revise such guidelines and such amended, modified or revised guidelines shall replace any previous version of the applicable guidelines; provided, however, that Unanimous Consent of the Members shall be required for a Member to amend, modify or revise such guidelines to the extent such amendment, modification or revision adversely affects the Company’s priority under such allocation guidelines.4
 
11. DISTRIBUTION AND SALES; JV DEALERS
 
11.1 Truck Sales
 
11.1.1 To JV Dealers.  Unless otherwise approved by the Board by Majority Consent, except where required for the sale of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts to certain Governmental COE Customers or Governmental Conventional Customers in the ROW pursuant to Section 11.1.3, the Company shall distribute and sell JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts solely through direct sales to JV Dealers, and the Company shall not sell any JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts directly to any Caterpillar dealers, Navistar dealers, or any retail customers other than pursuant to the Fleet Sale Policies that may be approved by the Board by Majority Consent from time to time.  Each Fleet Sale Policy shall provide for either (a) the Company to make “fleet sales” of JV Trucks directly to end-user customers in the territory covered by a JV Dealer and to make payments to such JV Dealer with respect to such “fleet sales” in accordance with the payment guidelines set forth in such Fleet Sale Policy or (b) the Company to broker “fleet sales” of JV Trucks in a process whereby the Company offers to sell such JV Trucks to a JV Dealer and the JV Dealer, in turn, accepts such offer and sells such JV Trucks to an end-user customer on terms, conditions and prices negotiated by the Company and such end-user customer in accordance with such Fleet Sale Policy.  The Company shall apply the Fleet Sale Policies in the same manner with respect to all JV Dealers.
 
11.1.2 Sales to Military Customers.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Navistar and its Affiliates shall be permitted, in their discretion, and shall have the exclusive right to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks (other than Caterpillar-branded Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks) and replacement parts therefor (including military vehicles, tactical vehicles, COTS vehicles with military features, COTS vehicles and related parts, and Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles) for and to military customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by military customers), anywhere in the world, including the ROW.  Navistar and its Affiliates are permitted to make such sales through any JV Dealer without Board approval and without paying the Company any fee therefor.  In the event Navistar and its Affiliates desire to conduct their parts and service business to the extent related to providing product support for such sales through any dealer or distributor, Navistar and its Affiliates shall use commercially reasonable efforts (but shall not be obligated) to conduct such parts and service business through JV Dealers; provided, however, that in the event Navistar and its Affiliates source JV Trucks from the Company for such sales, Navistar and its Affiliates shall (x) be required to source unique JV Truck Replacement Parts from the Company and (y) use commercially reasonable efforts (but shall not be obligated) to source other replacement parts from the Company, in the case of each of clauses (x) and (y), solely to the extent related to providing product support for such sales.  Navistar and its Affiliates shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which such replacement parts are sold, and (ii) discourage such military customers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such military customers.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, Caterpillar reasonably believes in good faith that the such military customers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such military customers, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
11.1.3 Sales to Governmental COE Customers and Governmental Conventional Customers.
 
11.1.3.1 Governmental COE Customers.  The Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries shall be permitted, in their discretion, and shall have the exclusive right to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), cab over engine JV Trucks and cab over engine JV Truck Replacement Parts for and to Governmental COE Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental COE Customers), anywhere in the ROW.  Without the express written Majority Consent of the Board, Navistar and its 5% Affiliates (excluding the Mahindra JV) shall not be permitted to market or sell cab over engine Medium Duty Trucks or cab over engine Heavy Duty Trucks or cab over engine truck replacement parts therefor to Governmental COE Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental COE Customers), anywhere in the ROW.
 
11.1.3.2 Governmental Conventional Customers.
 
11.1.3.2.1 Core ROW Countries.  The Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries shall be permitted, in their discretion, and shall have the exclusive right to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), conventional (non-cab over engine) JV Trucks and conventional (non-cab over engine) JV Truck Replacement Parts for and to Governmental Conventional Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental Conventional Customers) in the Core ROW Countries.
 
11.1.3.2.2 Navistar Conventional Countries.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Navistar and its Affiliates shall be permitted, in their discretion, and shall have the exclusive right to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), conventional (non-cab over engine) Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks (other than Caterpillar-branded Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks) and conventional (non-cab over engine) replacement parts therefor for and to Governmental Conventional Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental Conventional Customers) in Navistar Conventional Countries.  Navistar and its Affiliates are permitted to make such sales through any JV Dealer without Board approval and without paying the Company any fee therefor.  In the event Navistar and its Affiliates desire to conduct their parts and service business to the extent related to providing product support for such sales through any dealer or distributor, Navistar and its Affiliates shall use commercially reasonable efforts (but shall not be obligated) to conduct such parts and service business through JV Dealers; provided, however, that in the event Navistar and its Affiliates source JV Trucks from the Company for such sales, Navistar and its Affiliates shall (x) be required to source unique JV Truck Replacement Parts from the Company and (y) use commercially reasonable efforts (but shall not be obligated) to source other replacement parts from the Company, in the case of each of clauses (x) and (y), solely to the extent related to providing product support for such sales.  Navistar and its Affiliates shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which such replacement parts are sold, and (ii) discourage such Governmental Conventional Customers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such Governmental Conventional Customers.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, Caterpillar reasonably believes in good faith that the such Governmental Conventional Customers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such Governmental Conventional Customers, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
11.1.3.2.3 Non-Core ROW Conventional Countries.
 
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, but subject to Section 11.1.3.2.3(c), Navistar and its Affiliates shall be permitted, in their discretion, to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), in each case for all market segments, conventional (non-cab over engine) Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks (other than Caterpillar-branded Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks) and conventional (non-cab over engine) replacement parts therefor for and to Governmental Conventional Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental Conventional Customers) in the Non-Core ROW Conventional Countries.  Navistar and its Affiliates are not permitted to make such sales through any JV Dealer or use any JV Dealer to assist with or facilitate any such sales without the Majority Consent of the Board. In the event Navistar and its Affiliates source JV Trucks from the Company for such sales, Navistar and its Affiliates shall be required to source unique JV Truck Replacement Parts from the Company.  Navistar and its Affiliates shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which such replacement parts are sold, and (ii) discourage such Governmental Conventional Customers from selling such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such Governmental Conventional Customers.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, Caterpillar reasonably believes in good faith that the such Governmental Conventional Customers have, in fact, sold such replacement parts to end-user customers for use in trucks other than the trucks sold by Navistar and its Affiliates to such Governmental Conventional Customers, (A) the Members shall cooperate with each other in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, but subject to Section 11.1.3.2.3(c), the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries shall be permitted, in their discretion, to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), conventional (non-cab over engine) JV Trucks and conventional (non-cab over engine) JV Truck Replacement Parts for and to Governmental Conventional Customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by Governmental Conventional Customers) in the Non-Core ROW Conventional Countries.
 
(c) At such time as the Company or any of its direct and indirect subsidiaries resolves to market and sell such JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in one of the Non-Core ROW Conventional Countries, the Members shall develop a marketing strategy for such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country with respect to the marketing and sale of such JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country.  Such marketing strategy may provide for (i) the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries to exclusively make such sales in such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country, (ii) Navistar and its Affiliates to exclusively make such sales in such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country, or (iii) both the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and Navistar and its Affiliates to make such sales in such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country on a non-exclusive basis.  Until such time as the Members have mutually agreed to such marketing strategy for a particular Non-Core ROW Conventional Country, both the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Navistar and its Affiliates, on the other hand, shall be permitted to market and sell such JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts and Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor, respectively, for and to Governmental Conventional Customers in such Non-Core ROW Conventional Country on a non-exclusive basis in accordance with Sections 11.1.3.2.3(b) and 11.1.3.2.3(a), respectively.
 
11.1.4 Export Guidelines
 
11.1.4.1 Subject to applicable law, Caterpillar and Navistar shall establish and implement, on or prior to the Effective Date, export guidelines for Caterpillar dealers anywhere in the world and Navistar dealers anywhere in the world, respectively, with respect to trucks and replacement parts competitive with JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in order to discourage export sales of such products by (i) dealers in countries outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association into any country other than the country assigned to such dealer or (ii) dealers in countries inside the European Union or the European Free Trade Association into countries outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association.
 
11.1.4.2 Subject to applicable law, the Company shall establish and implement (a) exclusive sales territories, or (b) export guidelines for JV Dealers with respect to JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in order to discourage export sales of such products by (i) JV Dealers in countries outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association into any country other than the country assigned to such dealer, (ii) JV Dealers in countries inside the European Union or the European Free Trade Association into countries outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association, or (iii) JV Dealers into non-ROW countries.  Subject to applicable law, JV Dealers will be required to respect their sales territories and adhere to the export guidelines as a condition of their sales and service agreement.
 
11.1.4.3 The Company and each Member shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to monitor, to the extent reasonably practicable, a Member’s dealers’ and JV Dealers’ compliance with the export guidelines.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, a Member’s dealer or a JV Dealer claims that another dealer has made export sales of trucks or replacement parts competitive with JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts (i) in the case of such export sales by such dealer in a country outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association, into any country other than the country assigned to such dealer or (ii) in the case of such export sales by such dealer inside the European Union or the European Free Trade Association, into any country outside the European Union and the European Free Trade Association, (A) the Company and the Members shall investigate such matter and, (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
11.1.5 Alternative Branded JV Trucks; Will-Fit Parts.  If the Company decides to sell any JV Trucks that are not Caterpillar Brand or Navistar Brand or any Will-Fit Parts, the Board shall determine the appropriate distribution channel; provided, that unless the Board decides otherwise by Majority Consent, such JV Trucks and Will-Fit Parts shall not be sold through either (a) any JV Dealer owned by a Caterpillar dealer, or (b) any JV Dealer owned by a Navistar dealer.
 
11.1.6 Other Products.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement and subject to the immediately following two (2) sentences in this Section 11.1.6, each Member and its Affiliates are permitted to sell (provided such sales are not in violation of any provision of this Agreement, including Section 15) any of their commercial vehicles through any JV Dealer without Board approval and without paying the Company any fee therefor; provided, however, that subject to clause (iii) of the last sentence of Section 2.3.7.1, without the Majority Consent of the Board, Navistar and its 5% Affiliates are not permitted to sell any Medium Duty Truck or Heavy Duty Truck through any Caterpillar-branded JV Dealer or any Navistar-branded JV Dealer owned by a Caterpillar dealer.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, if a Member (the “Triggering Member”) desires to sell its commercial vehicles in the ROW through any JV Dealer that (x) is owned by one of non-Triggering Member’s dealers or (y) sells the non-Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks, the Triggering Member and its Affiliates may, following notice to and discussion by the Board (but without a requirement for Board approval), in their sole discretion, sell such commercial vehicles through such JV Dealer subject to the following:
 
11.1.6.1 such sales are not in violation of any provision of this Agreement, including Section 15;
 
11.1.6.2 if such JV Dealer is located in a country in which the Company sells both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models, the Triggering Member and its Affiliates may make such sales through such JV Dealer only if such JV Dealer sells the Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks (it being understood and agreed that the Triggering Member and its Affiliates may also make such sales through any other JV Dealer in such country that sells the Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks); and
 
11.1.6.3 if such JV Dealer is located in a country in which the Company sells only one Member’s brand of JV Trucks, the Triggering Member and its Affiliates may make such sales through such JV Dealer, including any other JV Dealer in such country, regardless of the brand of JV Trucks sold by such JV Dealer.
 
In the event that the Triggering Member makes any such sales of commercial vehicles in the ROW through such a JV Dealer, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the non-Triggering Member and its Affiliates may, following notice to and discussion by the Board (but without a requirement for Board approval), in their sole discretion, sell such commercial vehicles through any JV Dealer that (x) is owned by one of Triggering Member’s dealers or (y) sells the Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks subject to the following:
 
11.1.6.4 such sales are not in violation of any provision of this Agreement, including Section 15;
 
11.1.6.5 if such JV Dealer is located in a country in which the Company sells both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models, the non-Triggering Member and its Affiliates may make such sales through such JV Dealer only if such JV Dealer sells the non-Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks (it being understood and agreed that the non-Triggering Member and its Affiliates may also make such sales through any other the JV Dealer in such country that sells the non-Triggering Member’s brand of JV Trucks); and
 
11.1.6.6 if such JV Dealer is located in a country in which the Company sells only one Member’s brand of JV Trucks, the non-Triggering Member and its Affiliates may make such sales through such JV Dealer, including any other JV Dealer in such country, regardless of the brand of JV Trucks sold by such JV Dealer.
 
11.2 Branding Strategy; Selection of JV Truck Models
 
11.2.1 The Company’s branding strategy with respect to each ROW country shall be subject to the approval of the Board by Majority Consent.  Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, for each country in which the Company determines to sell JV Trucks, the Board shall determine by Majority Consent if the Company shall sell in such country (a) solely Caterpillar Truck Models, (b) solely Navistar Truck Models, or (c) both Caterpillar and Navistar Truck Models.
 
11.2.2 The Company’s branding strategy with respect to each ROW country shall be designed to (a) maximize commercial opportunities for the Company in such country, (b) achieve the maximum potential profit for the Company, and (c) expand each of the Navistar Brand and the Caterpillar Brand presence globally, consistent with the worldwide positioning of each of the Navistar Brand and the Caterpillar Brand.
 
11.2.3 In preparing a branding strategy for each ROW country, the Company shall take into account, among other things, (a) market research regarding brand value, customer preferences and suitability in such country, (b) a reasonable estimate of the incremental cost for maintaining multiple brands in such country, (c) a strategic and financial evaluation of alternative branding strategies, and (d) the potential distribution strategies in such country.
 
11.2.4 All specifications for each Caterpillar Truck Model, including upgrades, shall be approved by (a) the Board by Majority Consent and (b) Caterpillar.  All specifications for each Navistar Truck Model, including upgrades, shall be approved by (i) the Board by Majority Consent and (ii) Navistar.
 
11.2.5 All decisions with respect to the use of a Member’s brand in the conduct of the Company’s Business shall be subject to the consent of such Member in its sole discretion.
 
11.3 Selection of JV Dealers; Agreements with JV Dealers
 
11.3.1 Subject to the other provisions of this Section 11.3, the Company (not the Members) shall have the exclusive right to manage its JV Dealer relationships and, with Majority Consent of the Board, to appoint or terminate any JV Dealer selling or servicing JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts pursuant to sales and service agreements that the Company enters into with such JV Dealers.
 
11.3.2 If the Board determines by Majority Consent that the Company shall sell solely Caterpillar Truck Models in a given country, the JV Dealer in such country shall be a subsidiary of a Caterpillar dealer in such country; provided, that such subsidiary submits an application to the Company.  If a Caterpillar dealer declines to form a subsidiary to sell JV Trucks or the Board determines by Majority Consent not to enter into a sales and service agreement with a subsidiary of such Caterpillar dealer, the Board may, by Majority Consent, determine to seek applications to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer in such country from another Caterpillar dealer.
 
11.3.3 If the Board determines by Majority Consent that the Company shall sell solely Navistar Truck Models in a given country, the JV Dealer in such country shall be a subsidiary of a Navistar dealer in such country; provided, that such dealer submits an application to the Company.  If a Navistar dealer declines to form a subsidiary to sell JV Trucks or the Board determines by Majority Consent not to enter into a sales and service agreement with a subsidiary of such Navistar dealer, the Board shall seek applications to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer in such country from both Navistar dealers and Caterpillar dealers.
 
11.3.4 If the Board determines by Majority Consent that the Company shall sell both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models in a given country:
 
11.3.4.1 A current Navistar dealer in such country, if any, shall be given a first right of refusal to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer in such country with respect to Navistar Truck Models; provided, that such dealer submits an application to the Company.  If such Navistar dealer declines to form a subsidiary to sell JV Trucks or the Board determines by Majority Consent not to enter into a sales and service agreement with a subsidiary of such Navistar dealer as the JV Dealer with respect to Navistar Truck Models in such country, a Caterpillar dealer in such country, as selected by the Board by Majority Consent, shall be given an opportunity to submit an application to the Company, as a preferred dealer, to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer with respect to Navistar Truck Models in such country.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Caterpillar dealer selected by the Board as a preferred dealer declines to form a subsidiary to sell JV Trucks or the Board determines by Majority Consent not to enter into a sales and service agreement with a subsidiary of such Caterpillar dealer as the JV Dealer with respect to Navistar Truck Models in such country, the Board shall seek applications to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer with respect to Navistar Truck Models in such country from both Navistar dealers and Caterpillar dealers.
 
11.3.4.2 A current Caterpillar dealer in such country, if any, shall be given a first right of refusal to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer in such country with respect to Caterpillar Truck Models; provided, that such dealer submits an application to the Company.  If such Caterpillar dealer declines to form a subsidiary to sell JV Trucks or the Board determines by Majority Consent not to enter into a sales and service agreement with a subsidiary of such Caterpillar dealer as the JV Dealer with respect to Caterpillar Truck Models in such country, the Company shall seek applications to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer with respect to Caterpillar Truck Models in such country from another Caterpillar dealer (either in another territory of such country or in another country).
 
11.3.5 If the Board determines by Majority Consent that the Company shall sell both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models in a given country in which there are no existing Navistar dealers at such time, no Caterpillar dealer (or any subsidiary or Affiliate thereof) shall be permitted to sell Caterpillar Truck Models unless such Caterpillar dealer also forms a subsidiary, which subsidiary agrees to serve as the JV Dealer in such country for Navistar Truck Models pursuant to the Company’s standard sales and service agreement.  If such Caterpillar dealer declines to form a subsidiary to serve as the JV Dealer in such country for Navistar Truck Models, the Company shall seek applications from a Caterpillar dealer in another country to form a subsidiary to serve as such JV Dealer with respect to both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models in such country.
 
11.3.6 Subject to applicable law, (a) the Company shall not select as a JV Dealer any Person in a given territory (other than an existing Navistar or Caterpillar dealer, as applicable, located in such territory) that serves as, or whose Affiliate serves as, a dealer of any third-party original equipment manufacturer (other than the Company) (a “Competitive OEM”) whose products and services are in competition with the products and services of the Company in such territory (such dealer, a “Competitive OEM Dealer”) without the Majority Consent of the Board, (b) in each instance where a Person selected by the Board as a JV Dealer, at the time of such selection, is not, and none of such Person’s Affiliates is, a Competitive OEM Dealer, the Board shall endeavor to include in the Company’s sales and service agreement with such Person a prohibition on such Person and its Affiliates from ever forming or acquiring a Competitive OEM Dealer, and (c) if the Board does, in fact, upon Majority Consent or pursuant to Sections 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.3.4, or 11.3.5, select as a JV Dealer a Person that serves as, or whose Affiliate serves as, a Competitive OEM Dealer, the Board shall endeavor to include in the Company’s sales and service agreement with such Person provisions that provide that such Person and its Affiliates sell the products of the Company (on the one hand) and the products of the Competitive OEM (on the other hand) in different locations and through different legal entities.
 
11.3.7 To the extent requested by the Company, each of Caterpillar and Navistar shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to encourage those of its existing dealers that demonstrate compliance with certain standards set by the Company to establish (a) a subsidiary to serve as a JV Dealer and (b) cause such JV Dealer to enter into sales and service agreements with the Company to distribute JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts.  In any instance in which the Company appoints a single dealer to be a JV Dealer with respect to both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models, the Company shall enter into separate sales and service agreements with such JV Dealer for the sale and service of Caterpillar Truck Models (on the one hand) and Navistar Truck Models (on the other hand).
 
11.3.8 The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to enter into with each JV Dealer that sells Navistar Truck Models sales and service agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members (it being understood that each such agreement will permit sales and servicing of either (i) Medium Duty COE Trucks or (ii) conventional (non-cab over engine) Medium Duty Trucks and all Heavy Duty Trucks, but not both).  The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to enter into with each JV Dealer that sells Caterpillar Truck Models sales and service agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members (it being understood that each such agreement will permit sales and servicing of either (i) Medium Duty COE Trucks or (ii) conventional (non-cab over engine) Medium Duty Trucks and all Heavy Duty Trucks, but not both). Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, each JV Dealer sales and service agreement shall contain provisions stipulating that (a) such agreement may be assigned by the Company to the Member whose branded JV Truck models are sold pursuant to such agreement without the consent of the JV Dealer, (b) such agreement may be terminated unilaterally by the Company with or without cause to the extent permitted, and pursuant to the process required, if any, under applicable law, (c) such JV Dealer shall be prohibited from selling (i) JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts to any military customer (without Navistar’s prior written consent) and (ii) JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts in contravention of the exclusivity and non-competition provisions of this Agreement, and (d) subject to applicable law, with respect to each such agreement with a Navistar-branded JV Dealer owned by a Caterpillar dealer, such agreement will automatically terminate upon the seventh (7th) anniversary of (i) the termination of this Agreement or (ii) the closing of any sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option or pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option (as provided in Section 21.6.4).
 
11.4 Marketing, Sales, and Dealer Support and Administrative Services
 
In each ROW country in which the Company sells JV Trucks or JV Truck Replacement Parts, the Company and the JV Dealers in such country may receive (pursuant to the terms of the Master Terms for Purchased Services) traditional marketing, sales, pricing, administrative, and traditional dealer relations and support services in connection with the sale of the JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in such country, in each case, from a Member selected by the Board by Majority Consent.  The Board shall make such selection for each such service based on the Members’ comparative level of expertise with respect to such service.  To enable the applicable Member to provide such services, the Company shall provide, at no charge to such Member, technical marketing support (e.g., application and installation) and application engineering support to such Member for the applicable JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts at such levels agreed upon by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
11.5 Product Support Responsibilities
 
The Company shall perform, or shall retain one or both of the Members or a third party to perform (in each case, at prices that are negotiated by such Person and the Company), the following product support functions (collectively, the “Product Support Services”) in support of the Company’s branding strategy, distribution channels, and brand requirements with respect to each Navistar Truck Model and each Caterpillar Truck Model:
 
11.5.1 Parts delivery and return policies,
 
11.5.2 Establishment of parts service performance levels,
 
11.5.3 Parts pricing publications,
 
11.5.4 Export parts policy and enforcement,
 
11.5.5 Dealer management and traditional marketing functions,
 
11.5.6 Parts marketing and support,
 
11.5.7 Technical service and support,
 
11.5.8 Service engineering services, and
 
11.5.9 Technical training.
 
11.6 Financing
 
In evaluating financing options for the Company and its sales, Caterpillar Financial shall be evaluated as the preferred source of working capital financing for the Company and all wholesale and retail sales financing of JV Trucks (both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models) by the Company.  If the Company and Caterpillar Financial agree to have Caterpillar Financial provide financing services in one or more ROW countries, or, if Caterpillar Financial provides financing services to a JV Dealer in an ROW country, Caterpillar Financial shall make financing services similar to those offered to such JV Dealer available to all JV Dealers in such ROW country, including any JV Dealers selling Navistar Truck Models (it being understood that the particular pricing for such services offered by Caterpillar Financial to any given JV Dealer may differ from the pricing offered by Caterpillar Financial to a Caterpillar dealer or to another JV Dealer based on the creditworthiness and other objective characteristics of such dealers customarily utilized in evaluating the extension and pricing of credit).  Further evaluation of the Company’s marketing strategy and associated costs and revenues is required before Caterpillar Financial participation can be evaluated and understood.  
 
12. SERVICE
 
12.1 Certification as Service Providers
 
Consistent with applicable law, the Company shall establish requirements for JV Dealers to become certified service providers.  Caterpillar and Navistar shall assist the Company with the determination of certification requirements pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services.  To the extent consistent with applicable law, JV Dealers shall be required to participate in certified service training programs as a precondition to selling, and being certified as a warranty and service provider for, JV Trucks.
 
12.2 Training of JV Dealers
 
The Company shall have responsibility for training JV Dealers and their respective service providers; provided, however, that the Company may utilize Navistar and Caterpillar to provide JV Dealers with appropriate training pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services (e.g., Navistar may provide truck related sales and service training to JV Dealers and Caterpillar may provide powertrain sales and service training to JV Dealers).
 
12.3 Service Campaigns and Guidelines for Repair
 
Caterpillar and Navistar shall, pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, jointly assist the Company with the determination of all truck service campaigns and guidelines for repair, subject to appropriate Caterpillar and Navistar policies.  The Company may engage Caterpillar or Navistar, as appropriate, pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, to administer such service campaigns or guidelines for repair (e.g., supplier recovery, distribution logistics, etc.); provided, however, that the Company shall be responsible for the costs of such service campaigns or guidelines for repair.
 
12.4 Service Publications and Technical Information
 
The Company shall be responsible for publishing and distributing appropriate service publications and technical and tooling information.  Navistar and Caterpillar shall, for a fee and pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, jointly assist the Company with the preparation of such publications and information.  The portion of such publications and information pertaining to (a) Caterpillar Truck Models shall conform with the current Caterpillar Brand guidelines, and (b) Navistar Truck Models shall conform with the current Navistar Brand guidelines, in each case to the fullest extent possible.
 
13. WARRANTY
 
13.1 Generally
 
The Company shall issue Caterpillar Brand or Navistar Brand warranties (as applicable) for JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts sold or distributed by the Company and shall be liable for truck and service parts claims made thereunder.  Warranties shall be JV Truck-brand specific to allow for differentiation between claims attributable to Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models.
 
13.2 Sales by the Members to the Company
 
13.2.1 Navistar shall provide the Company with the product warranties for those JV Trucks, JV Truck Components, and JV Truck Replacement Parts sold by Navistar to the Company as set forth in the Truck Sales Agreement, the Master Component Supply Agreement and any other relevant agreement.
 
13.2.2 Caterpillar shall provide the Company with the product warranties for those JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts sold by Caterpillar to the Company as set forth in the Master Component Supply Agreement and any other relevant agreement.
 
13.2.3 The Company shall endeavor to provide in its agreements with its other suppliers (beside the Members) that recalls of any product purchased by the Company that are or were subject to such supplier’s warranty and generate an amount of liabilities in excess of the amount attributable to the regular warranty for such product shall be the responsibility of such supplier.
 
13.3 Legacy Warranties
 
13.3.1 Core ROW Countries.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 13.3.1, the Company shall assume the liabilities arising from the Standard Warranty with respect to Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, and replacement parts therefor sold prior to the Effective Date by Navistar in the Core ROW Countries; provided, however, that, for the avoidance of doubt, no  liabilities arising from any extended service contract or any Goodwill Policy relating to any such truck or part shall be transferred to or otherwise assumed by the Company.
 
13.3.1.1 Reserves for Standard Warranty.  At the Effective Date, the Members shall agree upon, and the Company shall record on its balance sheet, for all of the Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor sold by Navistar in all of the Core ROW Countries prior to the Effective Date, a reserve (the “Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve”) estimating the aggregate amount of liabilities to be incurred in the future by the Company with respect to the Standard Warranty issued by Navistar for such trucks and parts.
 
13.3.1.2 Adjustment of Warranty Reserve.  The Members agree and acknowledge that the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve will change over time based upon, among other things, (a) the ongoing satisfaction of Standard Warranty claims with respect to the applicable trucks and parts and (b) based upon the experience of Navistar and the Company with respect to clause (a), changes in the Members’ expectations regarding the amount of costs to be incurred in the future to satisfy Standard Warranty claims with respect to such trucks and parts.  Accordingly, each time the Company prepares its audited, annual financial statements pursuant to Section 18.12 (or, upon mutual agreement of the Members, on a more frequent basis), the Company shall, in accordance with the process described in the following sentence, adjust its estimate for the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve.  With respect to each adjustment to be made to the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve, (i) Navistar shall provide Caterpillar and the Company with a statement setting forth the amount of the proposed adjustment and the back-up materials justifying such proposed adjustment, and (ii) the Members shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to agree upon, through Majority Consent of the Board, the amount of the adjustment to the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve.  Any such adjustment to the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve shall require the Majority Consent of the Board.
 
13.3.1.3 Payments with respect to Warranty Reserve.  No later than sixty (60) calendar days following the end of each Fiscal Year, the Company shall deliver to the Members a statement setting forth (a) the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve that was recorded on the balance sheet of the Company as of October 31 of the Fiscal Year preceding such Fiscal Year (such amount, the “Prior Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve”), (b) the aggregate amount of liabilities arising from the Standard Warranty with respect to the applicable trucks and parts actually incurred by the Company during such Fiscal Year (such amount, the “Actual Warranty Expenses”; for purposes of this paragraph, the amount equal to the Prior Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve minus the Actual Warranty Expenses shall hereinafter be referred to as the “Default Warranty Reserve”), and (c) the Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve that was recorded on the balance sheet of the Company as of October 31 of such Fiscal Year  (such amount, the “Current Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve”).  No later than seventy (70) calendar days following the end of such Fiscal Year, (i) if the Current Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve is greater than the Default Warranty Reserve, then Navistar shall pay the amount of such difference in cash to the Company, and (ii) if the Current Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve is less than the Default Warranty Reserve, then the Company shall pay the amount of such difference in cash to Navistar.  For the avoidance of doubt, in implementing the provisions of this paragraph, if, in any instance, the Default Warranty Reserve is a negative number, the payment obligations contained in the preceding sentence shall be determined using such negative number (and not the absolute value of such negative number).  The Company and the Members shall adhere to the provisions of this paragraph with respect to all of the Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor sold by Navistar in all of the Core ROW Countries prior to the Effective Date until the Standard Warranties for such trucks and parts have fully expired in accordance with their terms.
 
13.3.2 Non-Core ROW Countries (except Legacy Countries).  With respect to each Non-Core ROW Country (except the Legacy Countries), the Company shall not assume any legacy warranties with respect to any Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks or replacement parts therefor sold by any Person other than the Company.
 
13.3.3 Legacy Countries.  With respect to each Legacy Country, the Company shall not assume the legacy warranties with respect to any Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor sold in such country prior to the Effective Date.
 
13.4 Goodwill Policy
 
To the extent the costs for Goodwill Policy are reflected in the Annual Business Plan, the Company shall abide by the Goodwill Policy of Caterpillar for Caterpillar Truck Models and the Goodwill Policy of Navistar for Navistar Truck Models, which Goodwill Policies shall compensate customers for certain non-warranty servicing of JV Trucks.  The Goodwill Policy for Caterpillar Truck Models shall be a differentiating factor compared to the Goodwill Policy for Navistar Truck Models, and the Company sales prices pertaining to Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models shall reflect this differentiating factor.  Caterpillar and Navistar, when acting on behalf of the Company pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, shall cause their respective sales and service personnel for JV Trucks to abide by the applicable Goodwill Policy.  The Company shall bear the costs and expenses associated with the Goodwill Policies; provided, however, that each Member shall be responsible for all expenses arising from the Goodwill Policy of such Member’s JV Truck models incurred by the Company in excess of the relevant, accrued, budgeted amount set forth in the Annual Business Plan.
 
13.5 Warranty Administration
 
13.5.1 The Company shall be responsible for warranty administration with respect to JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts.
 
13.5.2 JV Dealers that sell Caterpillar Truck Models or Caterpillar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts will submit all claims related thereto via the Caterpillar warranty systems.  Caterpillar’s accounting function shall regularly invoice the Company for reimbursement with respect to such warranty claims and applicable expenses.
 
13.5.3 JV Dealers that sell Navistar Truck Models or Navistar Brand JV Truck Replacement Parts will submit all claims related thereto via the Navistar warranty systems.  Navistar’s accounting function shall regularly invoice the Company for reimbursement with respect to such claims and applicable expenses.
 
13.5.4 The Company may engage either Member, pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, to provide additional services (other than those described in Sections 13.5.2 and 13.5.3) with respect to warranty administration related to such Member’s JV Truck Models and such Member’s brand JV Truck Replacement Parts.
 
13.5.5 JV Dealers that sell Caterpillar Truck Models (and their respective service providers) and JV Dealers that sell Navistar Truck Models (and their respective service providers) shall perform warranty administration, including administration of extended warranties and extended service coverage, on all warranty claims tendered by any end-user on Caterpillar Truck Models sold by the Company or by any end-user on Navistar Truck Models sold by the Company, respectively, in each case whether or not sold by such JV Dealer.  Exceptions to the rules set forth in the immediately preceding sentence shall be handled on a case-by-case basis in order to minimize the downtime of JV Trucks sold by the Company and enhance the Company’s customer service.
 
13.5.6 The Company shall be responsible for, and shall reimburse JV Dealers and their service providers for, defined costs and expenses incurred by such Persons in connection with warranty administration on JV Trucks.
 
13.5.7 In the case of any third-party suppliers offering warranties directly to the customer, such suppliers shall be responsible for administering their own warranty, and financial liability shall be predetermined by the contractual relationship with such suppliers.
 
13.6 Extended Warranty or Service Coverage
 
All extended warranty or service coverage (“ESC”) with respect to JV Trucks shall be offered through a designated ESC service provider (which may be a Member) and sold pursuant to the following provisions: (a) the Company shall select any ESC provider to be engaged; (b) the Company shall negotiate and approve all ESC terms and conditions to develop a market competitive ESC package with input from the Members; and (c) the Members may, as a service to the Company pursuant to the Master Terms for Purchased Services, provide for purchasing ESC from the designated ESC provider at market-based prices.
 
14. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
 
14.1 Members’ Intellectual Property Licenses
 
14.1.1 Each Member shall license (or shall cause its designated Affiliate to license) to the Company, on a royalty-free basis, certain Intellectual Property of such Member and its Affiliates pursuant to the applicable Intellectual Property License Agreement and the applicable Trademark License Agreement.  If necessary, the Company shall, in turn, sublicense such Intellectual Property, on a royalty-bearing basis, to one or more direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company established outside of the U.S.; provided, however, that (a) the Company shall not sublicense any trademarks of either Member to any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and (b) each Member shall license (or shall cause its designated Affiliate to license), on a royalty-bearing basis, directly to each applicable direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company established outside of the U.S., the applicable trademarks of such Member.
 
14.1.2 For the avoidance of doubt, neither Member shall be required to license to the Company any Intellectual Property for the purpose of manufacturing or selling any JV Truck Components.
 
14.2 Members’ Background Intellectual Property
 
For the avoidance of doubt, subject to the terms of the Intellectual Property License Agreements referenced in Section 14.1, all Background Intellectual Property of a Member shall remain the property solely of such Member.
 
14.3 Company Intellectual Property
 
Except as otherwise agreed by the Members, the Company shall own any and all Intellectual Property that is developed by the Company or by a Member retained for such purpose on the Company’s behalf.  The Company shall grant each Member a royalty-bearing license to utilize the Intellectual Property owned by the Company, subject to Section 15, pursuant to the applicable Royalty-Bearing IP License Agreement.
 
14.4 R&D; Development
 
The Company shall determine the extent to which it conducts the research and development and Intellectual Property activities set forth in the Annual Business Plan and the Rolling Business Plan with internal resources or by retaining one or both Members or a third party to provide product development services on a contract basis (in the case of the Members, pursuant to the applicable Master Development Services Agreement), and in such event, Navistar shall be evaluated as the preferred source of such product development services.
 
14.5 Third Party Infringement Claims
 
If any activity in connection with the conduct of the Business is alleged by a third party to infringe a third party’s Intellectual Property rights, the Party becoming aware of such allegation shall promptly notify the other Parties thereof in writing, reasonably detailing the claim.
 
14.6 Post-Termination Ownership of Certain Intellectual Property
 
The provisions in this Section 14.6 shall apply to any Intellectual Property of the Company (a) that is distributed to both Members as joint owners pursuant to Section 21.5.1, such provisions to take effect from and after the date of such distribution, or (b) joint ownership of which is distributed to the Seller Member and retained by the Company pursuant to Section 21.6.5, such provisions to take effect simultaneously with the closing of the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option or pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option (as provided in Section 21.6.4).  For purposes of this Section 14.6, such Intellectual Property shall be referred to as the “Jointly Owned Intellectual Property”, and each of the two joint owners of the Jointly Owned Intellectual Property shall be referred to as a “Joint Owner”.  
 
14.6.1 Prosecution and Maintenance; Enforcement
 
14.6.1.1 Subject to the other provisions of this Section 14.6, the Joint Owners shall mutually agree on all decisions relating to the procurement, prosecution, and maintenance of all Jointly Owned Intellectual Property.
 
14.6.1.2 If either Joint Owner wishes to commence proceedings against a third party for infringement of any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property, the non-enforcing Joint Owner shall cooperate in good faith to facilitate the commencement of those proceedings by voluntarily joining as a plaintiff in such lawsuit, unless the non-enforcing Joint Owner has a reasonable business justification for not cooperating (e.g., the alleged infringer is a customer of such Joint Owner).  In that event, the non-enforcing Joint Owner hereby grants to the enforcing Joint Owner (a) the unilateral right to sue any third party for infringement of any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property, and (b) the right to seek joinder of the non-cooperating party as an involuntary plaintiff.  The non-enforcing Joint Owner hereby agrees not to contest any attempted joinder as an involuntary plaintiff by the enforcing Joint Owner in any proceeding against a third party for infringement of any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property.
 
14.6.1.3 The enforcing Joint Owner shall indemnify the non-enforcing Joint Owner with respect to any Liabilities (including liability for costs or assessment of attorney fees) arising from the proceedings, and the enforcing Joint Owner may conduct the proceedings as it wishes, for its own benefit.  The non-enforcing Joint Owner may, at the enforcing Joint Owner’s expense and subject to the enforcing Joint Owner’s consent, not to be unreasonably withheld, retain counsel to represent it in any proceedings against a third party for infringement of any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property.
 
14.6.1.4 If both Joint Owners wish to take part in proceedings against a third party for infringement of any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property, the Joint Owners shall cooperate in good faith with respect to the conduct of the proceedings, including voluntarily joining as plaintiffs in the suit and agreeing in writing to the manner in which the costs of the proceedings will be shared.  The costs of the proceedings shall be paid first with any amounts recovered, with the remaining costs being shared equally by the Joint Owners, or as otherwise agreed by the Joint Owners in writing. 
 
14.6.2 Licensing
 
Notwithstanding any statutes, rules or regulations of any ROW country to the contrary, each Joint Owner shall have the right to license any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property for use anywhere in the ROW to any Person (including any Affiliate) without the consent of the other Joint Owner; provided, however, that (a) any such license to a Person that is not an Affiliate of such Joint Owner shall be in exchange for a commercially reasonable royalty to be paid by the licensee, and (b) the Joint Owner licensor shall be required to account to and pay over to, promptly upon receipt, the other Joint Owner fifty percent (50%) of any such royalty consideration actually received by such Joint Owner licensor.  For the avoidance of doubt, each Joint Owner shall have the right to license any Jointly Owned Intellectual Property for use anywhere in the ROW to any Affiliate of such Joint Owner on a royalty-free basis.
 
15. NON-COMPETITION COVENANTS
 
15.1 Business
 
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Related Agreements and except as otherwise provided herein, during the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, neither Member nor its respective 5% Affiliates shall, directly or indirectly, (a) engage in, or own any ownership interest equal to or greater than five percent (5%) in, any business substantially similar to or in competition with the Business or any part thereof, in each case, anywhere in the ROW, or (b) grant any license or sublicense of Intellectual Property of Caterpillar, Navistar, the Company or their respective 5% Affiliates to any person for any use within the scope of the Business anywhere in the ROW, except in each case as otherwise agreed to in writing by both Members.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Related Agreements and except as otherwise provided herein, neither Member nor its respective 5% Affiliates shall, independent of the Company, market or sell in the ROW any JV Truck Replacement Parts (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Will-Fit Parts) in connection with Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither Member nor any of its 5% Affiliates shall be prohibited from licensing or sublicensing any of the Intellectual Property of such Member or any of its 5% Affiliates to any Person for purposes of settling a bona fide Intellectual Property dispute.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a Change in Control of either Member after the date hereof by a Person that is a competitor of any or all of the Business, the non-competition provisions and the exclusivity provisions of this Agreement, including Section 11.1 and this Section 15.1, shall cease upon and be of no further force or effect following such Change in Control.
 
15.2 Contracts Restricting the Company
 
Without the Majority Consent of the Board, and except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, neither Member shall, and each Member shall cause its respective 5% Affiliates not to, enter into any contract that would restrict the activities of the Company contemplated by this Agreement, including (a) any contract for the purchase of JV Truck Components or JV Truck Replacement Parts that would restrict the activities of the Company contemplated by this Agreement or (b) any contract pursuant to which such Member or 5% Affiliate incurs indebtedness for borrowed money or becomes a guarantor or surety or pledged its credit for or otherwise becomes responsible with respect to any undertaking of another Person that would restrict the activities of the Company contemplated by this Agreement, including the Company becoming a “Restricted Subsidiary” as defined in the Credit Agreement, dated as of January 19, 2007, as may be amended from time to time, among Navistar International Corporation, as Borrower, the Subsidiary Guarantors Party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as Syndication Agent, and Banc of America Securities LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., as Co-Documentation Agents (the “Credit Agreement”) or any similar agreement or arrangement; provided, however, that no amendment to the Credit Agreement or any similar agreement or arrangement will restrict the activities of the Company contemplated by this Agreement; provided further, nothing shall prohibit the Company from becoming a Restricted Subsidiary of Navistar in the event Navistar’s Percentage Interest increases beyond fifty percent (50%) pursuant to Article 3, nor impact Navistar’s obligations under the Credit Agreement or any similar agreement or arrangement as a result thereof.
 
15.3 Certain Exceptions to Non-Competition Covenants
 
15.3.1 Development, Manufacture and Assembly.  Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prohibit a Member from developing, manufacturing or assembling Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, JV Truck Components and replacement parts therefor anywhere in the ROW on its own or from developing JV Truck Replacement Parts for Legacy Trucks; provided, that, subject to Sections 2.3.5, 10.3.4.3, 15.3.2 and 15.3.3, such Member shall not market or sell any such Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks, JV Truck Components or replacement parts (other than Common Parts or JV Truck Components utilized by other products in addition to Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks; provided, that the volume of such Common Part or JV Truck Component sales made by such Member must be reasonable in relation to the volume of such other products sold by such Member prior to such Common Part or JV Truck Component sales in the relevant geographic area) anywhere in the ROW.
 
15.3.2 Sales of Loose Engines by Members.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each Member and its 5% Affiliates shall be permitted to market and sell at any time to any Person engines for use in Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks or any other applications anywhere in the world, including the ROW (whether or not in competition with the Company); provided, however, that neither Member nor its 5% Affiliates shall be entitled to use any resources of the Company or any JV Dealers to facilitate any such sales, except with the express written Majority Consent of the Board.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Navistar and its 5% Affiliates may sell such engines and replacement parts therefor (to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 15.3.3) through Navistar dealers and JV Dealers owned by Navistar dealers without Board approval and without paying the Company any fee therefor; provided, however, that Navistar and its 5% Affiliates may not sell such engines or replacement parts therefor through Caterpillar dealers or JV Dealers owned by Caterpillar dealers.
 
15.3.3 Sales of Engine Parts by Members.
 
15.3.3.1 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement:
 
15.3.3.1.1 Caterpillar and its 5% Affiliates may market and sell at any time in any ROW country Caterpillar Brand engine parts except to the extent that (x) Caterpillar reasonably believes that such engine parts will ultimately be used in an engine included in a JV Truck sold by the Company or (y) the volume of engine part sales made by Caterpillar and its 5% Affiliates is not reasonable in relation to the volume of engines sold by Caterpillar and its 5% Affiliates prior to such engine part sales in the relevant geographic area;
 
15.3.3.1.2 Navistar and its 5% Affiliates may market and sell at any time in any ROW country Navistar Brand engine parts except to the extent that (x) Navistar reasonably believes that such engine parts will ultimately be used in an engine included in a JV Truck sold by the Company or (y) the volume of engine part sales made by Navistar and its 5% Affiliates is not reasonable in relation to the volume of engines sold by Navistar and its 5% Affiliates prior to such engine part sales in the relevant geographic area; and
 
15.3.3.1.3 if any of the permitted sales by Caterpillar and Navistar, as described in Section 15.3.3.1.1 and 15.3.3.1.2, are made by the Company (rather than by Caterpillar, Navistar, or their respective 5% Affiliates, as applicable), and the Company reasonably believes that such engine parts will ultimately be used in an engine not used in a JV Truck, all profits or losses arising from the Company’s sale shall be entirely for the account of Caterpillar or Navistar, respectively, and shall be transferred to Caterpillar or Navistar, respectively.
 
15.3.3.2 Other than existing arrangements set forth on Schedule 15.3.3.2, Caterpillar, Navistar and their 5% Affiliates shall not market or sell any engine parts to any third party at any price that is lower than the price at which Caterpillar, Navistar or their 5% Affiliates has sold such engine parts to the Company within the immediately prior one hundred and eighty (180) days from such sale.
 
15.3.3.3 The Company and each Member shall adopt and implement policies, processes, and systems to (i) monitor, to the extent practicable, the end-user customers to which Caterpillar Brand engine parts and Navistar Brand engine parts (as applicable) are sold, and (ii) discourage such Member’s dealers from selling Caterpillar Brand engine parts or Navistar Brand engine parts (as applicable) to end-user customers for use in JV Trucks sold by the Company.  If, at any time during the term of this Agreement, either Member reasonably believes in good faith that the other Member’s dealers have, in fact, sold engine parts to end-user customers for use in JV Trucks sold by the Company, (A) the other Member shall cooperate with such Member in furtherance of investigating such matter and, subject to applicable law, taking corrective actions to discourage such sales from occurring, and (B) in the event that a material amount of such sales did, in fact, occur, bring such matter to the Board to determine any appropriate remediation action it deems necessary.
 
15.3.3.4 Caterpillar and its 5% Affiliates and Navistar and its 5% Affiliates shall not promote or market actions, programs, or tools specifically designed to take business away from a JV Dealer.
 
15.3.4 Legacy Warranty Obligations.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each Member shall be permitted to fulfill its legacy warranty obligations with respect to any Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor sold by such Member in any Non-Core ROW Country prior to the Effective Date.
 
15.3.5 Certain Ancillary Functions.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, none of remanufacturing products and services, logistics services, financing services [or research and development services]5 shall be deemed to be subject to any of the restrictions contained in this Section 15, and each Member shall be permitted to engage in any and all such activities, and provide any and all such products and services to any third party, for its own account; provided, however, that during any period while Caterpillar Financial or Navistar Financial is retained by the Company to provide any financing services in connection with the Business, such Person shall be permitted to provide financing in connection with products and services of any third party (other than the Company) that are in competition with the products and services of the Company only to the extent that (a) such financing is not systematically offered as part of a formal, ongoing finance program of such Person but instead is provided on an ad hoc basis, and (b) such type of financing is also made available by such Person  to JV Dealers and end-user customers of the Company in connection with products and services of the Company, including both Caterpillar Truck Models and Navistar Truck Models and JV Truck Replacement Parts therefor.
 
15.3.6 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each of Caterpillar and Navistar shall be permitted to develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell (including providing purchase financing to customers for), and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts for), vehicles that are not Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks.
 
15.3.7 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Blue Diamond will be permitted to continue to develop and manufacture anywhere in the world and, as set forth below, market and sell in the ROW Medium Duty Trucks of the types marketed and sold by Blue Diamond as of January 1, 2009, or replacement models of such types of Medium Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor; provided, that such Medium Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor are sold exclusively to (i) Navistar, or its 5% Affiliates, for subsequent resale in the ROW only to the Company; or (ii) Ford Motor Company, or its 5% Affiliates, which shall be permitted to sell such trucks and parts anywhere in the world (provided that such trucks are not Navistar Brand); provided further, that the volume of replacement parts sales made by Blue Diamond in the ROW is reasonable in relation to the volume of Medium Duty Trucks sold by Blue Diamond.
 
15.3.8 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Navistar and its 5% Affiliates will be permitted to:
 
15.3.8.1 solely through the Mahindra JV or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, develop, design, test, manufacture, assemble, brand, market, sell, and distribute and provide product support for (including providing replacement parts and service for), Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks in the ROW (including granting a license or sublicense of Intellectual Property of Navistar or its Affiliates to the Mahindra JV in connection therewith) solely to the extent expressly permitted pursuant to the Mahindra JV Agreement as in effect on the date of the Mahindra Waiver; provided, however, that without the Majority Consent of the Board, no such activities shall be assisted by or made through a Caterpillar dealer-owned JV Dealer or a Caterpillar dealer; provided, further, that Navistar and its Affiliates hereby covenant and agree not to consent to any amendment to the Mahindra JV Agreement that would adversely effect the Company in any manner, unless the Board by Majority Consent agrees to such amendment;
 
15.3.8.2 continue to market and sell parts, components or trucks exclusively to IVECO Trucks Australia Limited for manufacture, assembly and sale in Australia until the termination of the Supply, Technical Assistance and License Agreement on October 9, 2010; and, if such agreement is not otherwise assigned or transferred to the Company, such sales following the Effective Date shall be for the account of the Company and Navistar shall account for any profits or losses from such sales, and payments related to such profits or losses shall be remitted to the Company on a quarterly basis;
 
15.3.8.3 begin or continue (as applicable) to develop, manufacture, market and sell a low-cab over engine truck anywhere in the ROW through a joint venture with American LaFrance, LLC; provided that the Company will (without a requirement for Board approval), unless the Board otherwise determines, distribute such trucks in the ROW and earn and retain all profits in connection with such distribution, other than such countries in which American LaFrance, LLC has distribution capabilities as of the date of this Agreement; and provided further that the Company shall also have the right to develop, manufacture, market and sell a low-cab over engine truck anywhere in the ROW, which truck may compete with such American LaFrance, LLC joint venture truck;
 
15.3.8.4 other than with respect to Navistar components and replacement parts for sale or assembly in the ROW, continue to perform kitting services through Newstream Enterprises, LLC to the extent such services are permitted to be performed under the Operating Agreement for Newstream Enterprises, LLC, dated January 28, 2003, by and among Remanufacturing Sales Company and International Truck and Engine Corporation in effect as of January 1, 2009; and
 
15.3.8.5 engage in any of the activities described in the last sentence of Section 2.3.7.2 in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof.
 
15.4 Acquisition of Publicly-Traded Securities
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the acquisition by a Member or its 5% Affiliates of the publicly-traded equity securities or debt securities of any Person that competes with the Business shall be permitted to the extent that (a) such acquisition does not result, directly or indirectly, in the ownership by such Member or its 5% Affiliates of five percent (5%) or more of any class of publicly-traded equity securities or debt securities of such Person, and (b) the investment in such Person held by such Member is purely passive, and such Member has no governance or control rights in such Person (including any right to appoint any member of the board of such Person, the right to appoint any officer of such Person, or the right to veto any significant decision of such Person) other than the right to cast votes (on a one share, one vote basis) with respect to the publicly traded equity securities or debt securities of such Person held by such Member.
 
15.5 Member Acquisition
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if a Member or any of its 5% Affiliates desires to acquire a business or operation of any Person that competes with the Business, whether through the purchase of stock or other voting securities, merger, consolidation, or other similar corporate transformation, or through the purchase of assets (a “Member Acquisition”), and the operation of the business acquired by reason of the Member Acquisition is not otherwise permitted by the provisions of this Agreement, such Member may make the Member Acquisition so long as, no later than the consummation of the Member Acquisition, such Member sends the Company a written offer to sell to the Company that portion of the business acquired through the Member Acquisition that competes with the Business (the “Competing Operations”).  For purposes of this Section 15.5, all decisions of the Company shall be made by the other Member’s Representatives (acting and deciding on behalf of the Company).  If the Company desires to pursue such offer, the Company must so notify such Member in writing no later than twenty (20) calendar days after receiving such written offer.  If the Company submits such written notice to such Member in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence, the Company and such Member shall attempt in good faith to agree upon, no later than twenty (20) calendar days after the Company submits such written notice to such Member, (a) those particular assets, liabilities and operations of the business acquired through the Member Acquisition that constitute the Competing Operations, and (b) a purchase price for the Competing Operations.  If the Company and such Member agree in writing upon the items referenced in the immediately preceding sentence within such twenty (20) calendar day period, the Company shall be deemed to have accepted such offer on the date such agreement is reached.  If the Company and such Member fail to so agree upon such items within such twenty (20) calendar day period, the Company and such Member shall seek to agree upon and retain an Independent Valuation Firm pursuant to the selection procedures set forth in Section 23.16 to (i) identify those particular assets, liabilities and operations of the business acquired through the Member Acquisition that constitute the Competing Operations, and (ii) determine a purchase price that is equal to the Fair Market Value of the Competing Operations taking into account, among other factors that are relevant to the Independent Valuation Firm’s determination of such Fair Market Value, the purchase price of the Member Acquisition.  The decision of the Independent Valuation Firm shall be final and binding on, and nonappealable by, the Company and such Member.  The Independent Valuation Firm shall act as an expert and not as an arbitrator.  The fees and expenses of the Independent Valuation Firm shall be paid one half by each Member (and not, for the avoidance of doubt, one half by the Company and such Member).  No later than thirty (30) calendar days after the Company and such Member receive written notice from the Independent Valuation Firm setting forth its determination of the items referenced in clauses (i) and (ii) above, the Company must send a written notice to such Member indicating if the Company desires to accept such offer at the purchase price stipulated by the Independent Valuation Firm.  If the Company decides to accept such offer, either at the purchase price that is agreed upon by the Company and such Member or at the purchase price determined by the Independent Valuation Firm, the sale of the Competing Operations by such Member to the Company shall be consummated no later than forty-five (45) calendar days after the date on which the Company is deemed to have accepted such offer; provided, that the closing shall in no event occur earlier than three (3) Business Days after receipt of all approvals required from, and expiration of all waiting periods (including waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act) imposed by, any governmental authorities in connection with the purchase and sale.  If the Company decides not to accept such offer, then (A) if the Competing Operations did not generate greater than $300,000,000 in revenues during the calendar year preceding the year in which the Member Acquisition was consummated, then such Member shall be permitted to retain, own, and operate the Competing Operations (provided, that the Competing Operations shall not be permitted to use, and shall not be provided access to, any Intellectual Property of the Company), and (B) if the Competing Operations generated greater than $300,000,000 in revenues during the calendar year preceding the year in which the Member Acquisition was consummated, then such Member shall divest the Competing Operations no later than six (6) months after the date on which such Member receives notice that the Company decided to not accept such offer.  If such Member retains the Competing Operations in accordance with clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence and continues to own and operate such Competing Operations on the third (3rd) anniversary of the consummation of the Member Acquisition, the Company shall have the option (but not the obligation) to purchase the Competing Operations from such Member.  If the Company desires to pursue such option, the Company must so notify such Member in writing no later than twenty (20) calendar days after the third (3rd) anniversary of the consummation of the Member Acquisition.  The terms of such option shall be the same as the terms of the first option set forth above in this Section 15.5.
 
15.6 Additional Agreements
 
The Members agree and acknowledge that the restrictions contained in this Section 15 are reasonable in scope and duration in light of the nature, size and location of the Business.  The Members further agree and acknowledge that the restrictions contained in this Section 15 are necessary to protect each Member’s significant investment in the Business, including its goodwill.  The Members are of equal bargaining power.  It is the desire and intent of the Members that the provisions of this Section 15 be enforced to the fullest extent permissible under applicable law.  If all or part of this Section 15 is held invalid, illegal, or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect.  If any part of this Section 15 is held to be excessively broad as to duration, scope, activity, or subject, such part shall be construed by limiting and reducing it so as to be enforceable to the maximum extent permissible under applicable law.  
 
16. INDEMNIFICATION FOR DEALER LIABILITY
 
16.1 Dealer Liability Indemnities
 
Navistar shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless each Company Indemnified Person and each Caterpillar Indemnified Person against any and all claims made by any dealer or distributor of Navistar or its Affiliates, in such Person’s capacity as a dealer or distributor of Navistar or its Affiliates, against any Company Indemnified Person or Caterpillar Indemnified Person for lost revenues, lost profits, injunctive relief, or any other damages arising from business activities related to this Agreement (and the Related Agreements); except for claims for product liability related to the safety or performance of a particular product, the defense and indemnity of which, if any, shall be handled pursuant to the terms of the applicable Related Agreements or otherwise shall be negotiated by the relevant parties on a case-by-case basis.  Caterpillar shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless each Company Indemnified Person and each Navistar Indemnified Person against any and all claims made by any dealer or distributor of Caterpillar or its Affiliates, in such Person’s capacity as a dealer or distributor of Caterpillar or its Affiliates, against any Company Indemnified Person or Navistar Indemnified Person for lost revenues, lost profits, injunctive relief, or any other damages arising from business activities related to this Agreement (and the Related Agreements); except for claims for product liability related to the safety or performance of a particular product, the defense and indemnity of which, if any, shall be handled pursuant to the terms of the applicable Related Agreements or otherwise shall be negotiated by the relevant parties on a case-by-case basis.
 
16.2 Indemnification Procedures
 
16.2.1 Notice of Dealer Claims; Assumption of Defense.  The Indemnified Person shall give notice as promptly as is reasonably practicable, but in any event no later than ten (10) Business Days after receiving notice thereof, to the Indemnifying Person of the assertion of any claim, or the commencement of any suit, action, or proceeding, by any Person not a party hereto in respect of which indemnity may be sought under the terms of Section 16.1 (which notice shall specify in reasonable detail the nature and amount of such claim); provided, that the failure of the Indemnified Person to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Person of its obligations under this Section 16 except to the extent (if any) that the Indemnifying Person shall have been prejudiced thereby.  The Indemnifying Person may, at its own expense, (a) participate in the defense of any such claim, suit, action, or proceeding, and (b) upon notice to the Indemnified Person, at any time during the course of any such claim, suit, action, or proceeding, assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choice and in the event of such assumption, shall have the exclusive right, subject to clause (a) in the proviso in Section 16.2.2, to settle or compromise such claim, suit, action, or proceeding.  If the Indemnifying Person assumes such defense, the Indemnified Person shall have the right (but not the duty) to participate in the defense thereof and to employ counsel, at its own expense, separate from the counsel employed by the Indemnifying Person.  Whether or not the Indemnifying Person chooses to defend or prosecute any such claim, suit, action, or proceeding, all of the Parties shall cooperate, at the Indemnifying Person’s cost and expense, in the defense or prosecution thereof.
 
16.2.2 Settlement or Compromise.  Any settlement or compromise made or caused to be made by the Indemnified Person (unless the Indemnifying Person has the exclusive right to settle or compromise under clause (b) of Section 16.2.1) or the Indemnifying Person, as the case may be, of any such claim, suit, action, or proceeding of the kind referred to in Section 16.2.1 shall also be binding upon the Indemnifying Person or the Indemnified Person, as the case may be, in the same manner as if a final judgment or decree had been entered by a court of competent jurisdiction in the amount of such settlement or compromise; provided, that (a) no obligation, restriction, or Liability shall be imposed on the Indemnified Person as a result of such settlement or compromise without its prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, and (b) the Indemnified Person shall not compromise or settle any claim, suit, action, or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Person, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed.
 
16.3 Liability Insurance
 
6  The Company shall maintain in effect during the term of this Agreement and for a period of no less than [ten (10)] years after the expiration or termination of this Agreement, appropriate liability (including product liability) insurance policies with products and completed operations coverage with an internationally recognized carrier.  The Company’s purchase of any such liability insurance policy shall be subject to the approval of the Board by Majority Consent.  Such policies shall require the Company to receive not less than thirty (30) calendar days’ prior written notice of any modification or cancellation of such policies.
 
17. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
17.1 Representations and Warranties of Members
 
As of the Effective Date, each Member hereby represents and warrants to the Company and to the other Member that:
 
17.1.1 Such Member understands and acknowledges that its Membership Interest has not been, and shall not be, registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws;
 
17.1.2 Such Member understands and acknowledges that its Membership Interest may not be sold or otherwise assigned unless it is registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, or unless such sale or assignment is offered pursuant to an exemption from such registration requirements;
 
17.1.3 The obligations and restrictions contained in this Agreement regarding the purchase, sale, transfer, or assignment of Membership Interests create an economic risk that such Member is capable of bearing;
 
17.1.4 Such Member is acquiring its Membership Interest for investment and not with a view to the resale or distribution thereof;
 
17.1.5 Such Member has the full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to subscribe for and purchase or otherwise hold the Membership Interest to be issued to or held by it, to perform its obligations hereunder, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby;
 
17.1.6 Such Member’s purchase of its Membership Interest and its execution and delivery of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on its behalf, and this Agreement shall be, upon execution and delivery on behalf of such Member, its legal, valid, and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be affected by (a) applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, and other similar laws and court decisions of general application, including statutory and other laws regarding fraudulent or preferential transfers relating to, limiting, or affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and (b) general principles of equity, including the effect of such general principles of equity upon the specific enforceability of any of the remedies, covenants, or other provisions contained herein and therein, and their application (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity) as such principles relate to, limit, or affect the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally;
 
17.1.7 The execution and delivery by such Member of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions contemplated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and the performance of such Member’s obligations hereunder shall not conflict with, or result in any violation of or default under, any provision of any governing instrument applicable to such Member, or any agreement or other instrument to which such Member is a party or by which such Member or any of its properties are bound, or any permit, franchise, judgment, decree, statute, rule, or regulation applicable to such Member or its properties;
 
17.1.8 Such Member has such knowledge and experience in financial affairs that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of purchasing and holding its Membership Interest, and it has not relied in connection with this investment upon the identity of or advice from the other Member or upon any representations, warranties or agreements other than those set forth in this Agreement and the Related Agreements;
 
17.1.9 Such Member’s financial situation is such that it can afford to bear the economic risk of holding its Membership Interest for an indefinite period of time, and it can afford to suffer the complete loss of its investment in the Company; and
 
17.1.10 Such Member is not relying on the Company, the other Member, any Representative, or any director, officer, employee, manager, agent, or Affiliate of any of such Person, with respect to the United States and foreign income tax considerations involved in purchasing, holding, and disposing of Membership Interests.
 
17.2 Survival of Warranties
 
All representations and warranties contained in Section 17.1 shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.
 
18. CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TAX MATTERS; RECORDS
 
18.1 Capital Account Maintenance
 
A separate “Capital Account” shall be maintained for each Member under Section 18.2 for the full term of this Agreement in accordance with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.  A Member’s Capital Account shall be determined as provided in Section 18.2.  
 
18.2 Capital Account Balances
 
Pursuant to the basic rules of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) of the Treasury Regulations, the balance of the Capital Account of each Member shall be:
 
18.2.1 initially, the amount of such Member’s initial Capital Contribution described in Section 3.1.1;
 
18.2.2 increased by the amount of any additional money contributed by such Member to the capital of the Company;
 
18.2.3 increased by the Gross Asset Value (determined without regard to Section 7701(g) of the Code) of each property contributed by such Member to the capital of the Company and decreased by the Gross Asset Value (determined without regard to Section 7701(g) of the Code) of each property distributed to such Member by the Company;
 
18.2.4 increased by the amount of any Company liabilities assumed by such Member or that are secured by any property distributed to such Member;
 
18.2.5 increased by the amount of each item of Profit allocated to such Member pursuant to this Agreement;
 
18.2.6 decreased by the amount of each item of Loss allocated to such Member pursuant to this Agreement;
 
18.2.7 decreased by the amount of any liabilities of such Member assumed by the Company or that are secured by any property contributed by such Member to the Company; and
 
18.2.8 otherwise adjusted in accordance with the other capital account maintenance rules of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) of the Treasury Regulations.
 
18.2.9 If any interest in the Company is transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the transferee will succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent it relates to the transferred interest.
 
18.3 Allocation of Profits and Losses
 
18.3.1 A special allocation of gross income (e.g., gross sales revenues) shall be allocated to Navistar in an amount equal to the cumulative cash distributions to which Navistar is entitled pursuant to Section 18.4.1, less any amount of gross income previously allocated to Navistar pursuant to this Section 18.3.1.  Any prior allocation of gross income allocated pursuant to this Section 18.3.1 that is later offset by Losses, deductions or other specially allocated losses pursuant to Section 18.5 shall be replenished dollar-for-dollar with subsequent allocations of gross income.
 
18.3.2 After taking into account Section 18.3.1 in calculating Profits and Losses, Profits and Losses shall be allocated to the Members in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests.
 
18.4 Distributions
 
The Company shall, no later than thirty (30) calendar days following the end of each fiscal half year (unless the Board determines by Majority Consent that a distribution shall be at another time), distribute to the Members any cash of the Company not necessary for its financial obligations or working capital needs or for funding its then current Annual Business Plan and its then current Rolling Business Plan, unless the Board determines otherwise by Majority Consent.  Except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Agreement or as otherwise determined by the Board by Majority Consent, each distribution of cash by the Company shall be made to the Members in accordance with the provisions of this Section 18.4.
 
18.4.1 Distributions of cash by the Company that are attributable to the Company’s operations in the Legacy Countries in any Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) occurring during the period from the earlier of (a) the second (2nd) anniversary of the Effective Date, and (b) the date on which the Company has commenced sales of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in each of the Legacy Countries to (but not including) the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date shall be allocated entirely to Navistar (and not to Caterpillar) until the amount of such cash so distributed to Navistar is equal to the lesser of (a) the amount of any profits earned by the Company during such Fiscal Year (or portion thereof) in connection with the sale of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts in the Legacy Countries, as calculated per the Baseline Profit Amount calculation methodology agreed to by the Members, and (b) the Baseline Profit Amount.
 
18.4.2 All other distributions shall be made to the Members in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests at the time of such distribution (without preference to any Member).
 
18.5 Regulatory Allocations
 
18.5.1 Limit on Allocation of Losses.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 18.3, Losses allocated pursuant to Section 18.3 shall not exceed the maximum amount that can be so allocated without causing any Member to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any allocation period.  In the event that some but not all of the Members would have Adjusted Capital Account Deficits as a consequence of an allocation pursuant to Section 18.3, the limitation set forth in this Section 18.5.1 shall be applied on a Member-by-Member basis so as to allocate the maximum permissible Losses to each Member under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d).
 
18.5.2 Partnership Minimum Gain Chargeback.  If there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain during any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made, before any other allocation under this Agreement, each Member will be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for that period (and, if necessary, subsequent periods) in proportion to, and to the extent of, an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain during such year determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(2).  The items to be allocated will be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g).  This Section 18.5.2 is intended to comply with the Minimum Gain chargeback requirements of the Treasury Regulations, shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
 
18.5.3 Member Minimum Gain Chargeback.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 18.5, if during a Fiscal Year there is a net decrease in any Member Minimum Gain, each Member with a share of such Member Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(5) as of the beginning of such Fiscal Year, shall be allocated items of income and gain for the Fiscal Year (and, if necessary, succeeding Fiscal Years) in the manner and to the extent provided in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4).  This Section 18.5.3 is intended to comply with the partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain chargeback requirement of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
 
18.5.4 Qualified Income Offset.  After applying Sections 18.5.2 and 18.5.3, if a Member unexpectedly receives any adjustment, allocation or distribution described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4) through 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6), items of income and gain of the Company shall be specially allocated to the Member in an amount sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by Treasury Regulations, the Adjusted Capital Account Deficit of such Member as quickly as possible.  This Section 18.5.4 is intended to constitute a “qualified income offset” provision within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.  If a Member otherwise has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, the Member shall be allocated items of income and gain of the Company in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficit as quickly as possible.
 
18.5.5 Nonrecourse Deductions.  Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made will be allocated among the Members in proportion to their relative Capital Contributions.
 
18.5.6 Partner Nonrecourse Deductions.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Partner Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable year or other period for which allocations are made will be allocated to the Member who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Partner Nonrecourse Debt to which the Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i).
 
18.5.7 Code Section 754 Adjustments.  To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset under Code Sections 734(b) or 743(b) is required to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), the amount of the adjustment to the Capital Accounts will be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases the basis), and the gain or loss will be specially allocated to the Members in a manner consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2(iv)(m).
 
18.5.8 Interpretation.  The foregoing provisions of this Section 18.5 are intended to comply with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 and any successor Treasury Regulations, and shall be interpreted consistently with this intention.  Any terms used in such provisions that are not specifically defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning, if any, given such terms in the Treasury Regulations cited above.
 
18.5.9 Curative Allocations.  If any allocation of income, gain, loss, deduction, or any other item is made pursuant to this Section 18.5 (the “Regulatory Allocations”), then, to the extent consistent with Section 704 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, the Regulatory Allocations shall be taken into account in allocating other items of income, gain, loss, and deduction among the Members, if any (in the current and all subsequent Fiscal Years), so that, to the extent possible, the net effect of such allocations of other items and the Regulatory Allocations to each Member shall be to implement the allocation scheme described in Section 18.3.
 
18.6 Section 704(c) of the Code; Other Tax Allocation Rules
 
18.6.1 In accordance with Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, items of taxable income, gain, loss, and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the Company shall, solely for income tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for federal income tax purposes and the property’s Gross Asset Value on the date of its contribution to the Company, using any method selected by the Members under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3.
 
18.6.2 In the event the book value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to clauses (b) or (d) of the definition of Gross Asset Value in Section 24, subsequent allocations of items of taxable income, gain, loss, and deduction with respect to such asset shall, solely for income tax purposes, take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes and its book value in the same manner as under Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.
 
18.6.3 The Profits, Losses and other items of the Company shall be allocated according to the Members’ varying Percentage Interests during the Fiscal Year, using the daily proration method except that such items arising from transactions outside the ordinary course of business shall be allocated to the date on which such transactions occur.
 
18.6.4 Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each item of Company income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit shall be allocated among the Members for tax purposes in the same manner that the corresponding items of Profits and Losses have been allocated among the Members’ respective Capital Accounts for the Fiscal Year in question.
 
18.6.5 The Parties intend that all transactions between the Company and another Party shall be conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
 
18.6.6 Upon the distribution to the Members of property other than cash, the difference between the Gross Asset Value of such property and its book value shall be treated as an item of gain or loss, as the case may be, and shall be allocated pursuant to the provisions of Section 18.3 and 18.5 in the same manner that gain or loss on a sale of such property would have been allocated.
 
18.6.7 The Members may vary the allocations set forth in this Section 18 as determined to be necessary or appropriate to cause the allocations set forth herein to be consistent with applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury Regulations; provided, that such variance does not affect distributions.
 
18.7 Allocation of Nonrecourse Liabilities
 
Solely for the purpose of allocating excess Nonrecourse Liabilities of the Company among the Members in connection with the determination of the Members’ adjusted tax bases in their respective Membership Interests in accordance with Section 752 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder, the Members shall allocate excess Nonrecourse Liabilities in the manner determined by the Members.
 
18.8 Partnership Treatment
 
No election shall be made by the Company to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code, or to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation, and all Members agree to treat the Company as a partnership for all federal, state, and local income tax purposes unless otherwise specifically required by law.
 
18.9 Tax Return
 
The Company shall prepare at the expense of the Company and shall, no later than April 30 of each Fiscal Year, provide to each Member a draft of the Company’s federal and state income tax returns for the Company’s prior Fiscal Year for (a) review and comment by each Member, and (b) approval by each Member.  The Members shall agree on the establishment or material modification of tax reporting positions, including making, revoking or declining to make tax elections in connection with the preparation and filing of the Company’s or any subsidiary’s federal, state, local or applicable foreign tax returns.
 
18.10 Tax Matters Partner; Tax Elections
 
18.10.1 Navistar is hereby appointed the “Tax Matters Partner” of the Company for all purposes pursuant to Sections 6221 through 6231 of the Code.  Subject to the immediately following sentence, the Tax Matters Partner shall (a) furnish to each Member affected by an audit of the Company income tax returns a complete copy of each notice or other communication received from the Internal Revenue Service or applicable state authority within five (5) calendar days of receipt (except such notices or communications as are sent directly to such Member), (b) keep such Member reasonably informed of any administrative or judicial proceedings, as required by Section 6623(g) of the Code, (c) allow each Member an opportunity to participate in all such administrative and judicial proceedings, and (d) advise and consult with each Member (and assignee) as to proposed adjustments to the federal or state income tax returns of the Company.  The Tax Matters Partner shall act at the direction of the Members and in any event shall not have the authority, unless such action has been approved by the Members, to take any material action or make any material decision, including (i) entering into a settlement agreement with the Internal Revenue Service which purports to bind Members other than the Tax Matters Partner, (ii) filing a petition as contemplated in Section 6226(a) or 6228 of the Code, (iii) intervening in any action as contemplated in Section 6226(b) of the Code, (iv) filing any request contemplated in Section 6227(b) of the Code, or (v) entering into an agreement extending the period of limitations as contemplated in Section 6229(b)(1)(B) of the Code.  The Company shall not be obligated to pay any fees or other compensation to the Tax Matters Partner in its capacity as such, but the Company shall reimburse the Tax Matters Partner for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including attorneys’ and other professional fees) incurred by it in its capacity as Tax Matters Partner.  The Company shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Tax Matters Partner against any and all Liabilities sustained or incurred as a result of any act or decision concerning Company tax matters and within the scope of such Member’s responsibilities as Tax Matters Partner, so long as such act or decision was done or made in good faith and does not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct.
 
18.10.2 If there is a distribution of Company property as described in Code Section 734 or if there is a transfer of a Company interest as described in Code Section 743 then, upon the written request of any Member, the Company shall file an election pursuant to Code Section 754, in accordance with the procedures set forth in the applicable Treasury Regulations to adjust the basis of Company properties.  Upon the request of the Company, each Member shall provide the Company with all the information not then possessed by the Company necessary to give effect to any election under Code Section 754.
 
18.11 Accounting Records
 
The Company shall maintain true and accurate business and accounting records of all of its operations in accordance with GAAP, and, to the extent applicable, the specific, reasonable requirements of the Members.  Each Member, and its duly authorized representatives, shall have the right, at any time, to inspect, copy, and audit all of the business records and accounts of the Company.
 
18.12 Reports
 
The Company shall have monthly unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP no later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the end of each month.  Unless otherwise determined by the Board by Majority Consent, the Company shall arrange for its annual financial statements to be audited by an independent auditor no later than sixty (60) calendar days after the end of each Fiscal Year.  Furthermore, upon Caterpillar’s request prior to October 1 of each year, the Company shall arrange for its financial statements relating to the twelve (12) month period ended each December 31 to be audited by an independent auditor no later than sixty (60) calendar days following such December 31.  All of the financial statements described in the two immediately preceding sentences shall include all year-end accruals required by GAAP.  All of the financial statements of the Company shall be prepared so as to enable each Member to satisfy all of the financial reporting requirements to which such Member is subject.  From and after the Effective Date until such time as the Board changes the independent auditor of the Company pursuant to the next sentence, the initial independent auditor of the Company shall be [PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP] [KPMG LLP].  The selection, change, or termination of the Company’s independent auditor shall require the Majority Consent of the Board.  Furthermore, the selection or change of the accounting methods, methodologies, practices, procedures, or policies utilized by the Company (except for those changes that are required by any new accounting standards or any regulatory requirements), and the approval of the financial statements of the Company (including the monthly financial statements, the annual financial statements for the twelve (12) month period ended at the end of each Fiscal Year and the financial statements for the twelve (12) month period ended each December 31), in each case, shall require the Majority Consent of the Board.
 
18.13 Other Tax Information
 
The Company shall provide to each Member such other information as is reasonably necessary or reasonably requested by such Member to enable such Member to comply with such Member’s tax obligations.  In addition, each Member shall provide to the Company such information as is reasonably necessary by the Company to enable the Company to comply with its tax obligations.
 
18.14 Sarbanes-Oxley Act; Internal Controls
 
The Company shall employ internal controls and related processes that are no less rigorous than the internal controls and related processes that are required in order for each Member to be in full compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.  
 
18.15 Tax Decisions by the Members
 
Representatives selected by Navistar and Caterpillar from their respective tax departments shall act on behalf of the Members with respect to tax decisions that are expressly to be made by the Members under this Agreement.  Pursuant to Section 5.13.37, the Board is authorized to resolve any disputes regarding such tax decisions.
 
19. TRANSFER OF MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS
 
19.1 Restriction on Transfers
 
19.1.1 Generally
 
19.1.1.1 Except as set forth in Section 3.2.5 and Section 19.2, neither Member shall, without the prior written consent of the other Member, which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of the other Member, Transfer, pledge, or in any manner encumber its Membership Interest, and any Transfer, pledge, or encumbrance of a Membership Interest by a Member made without such consent shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever and shall not be recorded upon the books of the Company.
 
19.1.1.2 If a Transfer of all or part of a Member’s Membership Interest results in the termination of the Company under Code Section 708, then such new or resulting Member shall have indemnified each remaining Member (or agreed to indemnify each such remaining Member in writing reasonably acceptable to such remaining Member), in an amount equal to the Net Present Value of Increased Tax Liability, if any, applicable to such remaining Member, as determined by the Board in its reasonable discretion.
 
19.1.2 Restrictions on Transfers to Certain Competing Persons; Right of First Refusal.  If Section 19.1.1 is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any situation, then except as set forth in Section 3.2.5 and Section 19.2, the Parties instead shall adhere to this Section 19.1.2 with respect to such situation.
 
19.1.2.1 Restriction on Transfers to Certain Competing Persons.  Caterpillar shall not, without the prior written consent of Navistar, which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of Navistar, Transfer its Membership Interest to, or pledge or in any manner encumber its Membership Interest in favor of, any Navistar Competing Person.  Navistar shall not, without the prior written consent of Caterpillar, which consent may be withheld in the sole discretion of Caterpillar, Transfer its Membership Interest to, or pledge or in any manner encumber its Membership Interest in favor of, any Caterpillar Competing Person.  Any Transfer, pledge or encumbrance of a Membership Interest by a Member made without such consent shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever and shall not be recorded upon the books of the Company.
 
19.1.2.2 Right of First Refusal for all other Transfers.  If at any time a Member (the “Offeror”) desires to Transfer or offer for a bona fide sale any or all of such Member’s Membership Interest to any third party or receives a bona fide offer from a prospective purchaser to purchase any or all of such Member’s Membership Interest and such Member desires to Transfer such portion or all of such Membership Interest (the “Offered Membership Interest”), and such Transfer or offer is not otherwise subject to Section 19.1.2.1, the other Member (the “Beneficiary”) shall have the right of first refusal with respect to the Offered Membership Interest as provided by this Section 19.1.2.2 (the “Right of First Refusal”).
 
A.     Offer.  The Offeror shall first furnish to the Beneficiary a document setting forth the proposed price for the applicable Membership Interest and other material terms and conditions of the proposed Transfer or sale, together with an irrevocable offer to sell to the Beneficiary all and not less than all of the Offered Membership Interest on such price, terms and conditions (the “Offer”).  If the Offeror receives a bona fide offer to purchase the Offered Membership Interest from a proposed purchaser, the Offer shall also include the name and address of the proposed purchaser of the Offered Membership Interest.  If the Offer specifies consideration other than cash, the Beneficiary shall be entitled to pay the Fair Market Value of such consideration in cash, which Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Board by Majority Consent.
 
B.     Exercise of Right of First Refusal.  For a period of thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt by the Beneficiary of the Offer, the Beneficiary shall have the right, at its option, to purchase all, but not less than all, of the Offered Membership Interest.  To validly exercise the Right of First Refusal, the Beneficiary shall notify the Offeror in writing of such exercise within such thirty (30) calendar day period.
 
C.     Closing.  If the Beneficiary validly exercises its Right of First Refusal, the closing of the sale and purchase of the Offered Membership Interest shall take place at the offices of the Beneficiary’s counsel forty-five (45) calendar days after the date of the Beneficiary’s acceptance of the Offer; provided, that the closing shall in no event occur earlier than three (3) Business Days after receipt of all approvals required from, and expiration of all waiting periods (including waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act) imposed by, any governmental authorities in connection with the purchase and sale.  At closing, (a) the Offeror shall represent and warrant to the Beneficiary that the Beneficiary is receiving good and marketable legal and beneficial title to such Offered Membership Interest, free and clear of any liens, pledges, claims, security interests, encumbrances, and similar interests of any kind whatsoever (other than restrictions imposed by the Securities Act, applicable state securities laws, and this Agreement), which representations and warranties shall be the sole representations and warranties required of the Offeror, and (b) the Beneficiary shall deliver to the Offeror the purchase price specified in the Offer in immediately available funds.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 19.1.2.2, if the Beneficiary exercises its Right of First Refusal and, in connection therewith, a governmental authority whose approval is required to consummate the purchase of the Offered Membership Interest fails to approve such transaction or imposes a condition on its approval that, in the reasonable discretion of the Beneficiary, would make the purchase by it of the Offered Membership Interest impractical or not otherwise in the best interests of the Beneficiary, then the Beneficiary may terminate the purchase of the Offered Membership Interest, and upon such termination, the Beneficiary shall have no further obligation with respect thereto.
 
D.     Failure to Exercise Right of First Refusal.  If the Beneficiary does not exercise the Right of First Refusal within the thirty (30) calendar day period described in Section 19.1.2.2(B), or if the Beneficiary terminates the purchase and sale of the Offered Membership Interest pursuant to the last sentence of Section 19.1.2.2(C), the Offeror shall then have a period of sixty (60) calendar days from the later of (a) the date on which the Right of First Refusal shall have expired, and (b) if applicable, the date on which the Beneficiary terminates the purchase and sale of the Offered Membership Interest pursuant to the last sentence of Section 19.1.2.2(C), to consummate the sale of all, but not less than all, of the Offered Membership Interest.  Such sale shall be at a price and on other terms that are in the aggregate no more favorable to the proposed purchaser than as set forth in the Offer.  Any third party purchasing such Offered Membership Interest must agree in writing to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement.  If such sale is not consummated within such sixty (60) calendar day period, the Offeror shall then be required to offer the Offered Membership Interest to the Beneficiary pursuant to the Right of First Refusal before making such sale to any Person.
 
19.1.3 Right of First Refusal for all Transfers.  If both Sections 19.1.1 and 19.1.2 are determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any situation, then except as set forth in Section 3.2.5 and Section 19.2, the Parties shall adhere to Section 19.1.2.2 with respect to such situation, it being understood that the Parties shall so adhere to Section 19.1.2.2 irrespective of whether or not the relevant third party or prospective purchaser is a Caterpillar Competing Person or a Navistar Competing Person.
 
19.1.4 Right of First Refusal for Transfers to Certain Competing Persons.  If each of Sections 19.1.1, 19.1.2, and 19.1.3 are determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any situation, then except as set forth in Section 3.2.5 and Section 19.2, the Parties shall adhere to Section 19.1.2.2 with respect to such situation, it being understood that the Parties shall so adhere to Section 19.1.2.2 only if, (a) where the Offeror is Caterpillar, the relevant third party or prospective purchaser is a Navistar Competing Person, and (b) where the Offeror is Navistar, the relevant third party or prospective purchaser is a Caterpillar Competing Person.
 
19.2 Permitted Transfers to Subsidiaries
 
Notwithstanding Section 19.1, any Member may Transfer all, but not less than all, of its Membership Interest to any one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries without the consent of the other Member; provided, that (a) such transferred Membership Interest shall remain subject to all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, (b) such direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary shall become liable for all of the transferring Member’s obligations under this Agreement and shall agree in writing to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, (c) unless the transferee has a net worth equal to or greater than the net worth of the transferring Member, the transferring Member guarantees all financial obligations of the transferee, (d) such transferee is obligated to Transfer such Membership Interest back to the transferring Member if the transferee ceases to be a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the transferring Member, and (e) no further Transfer of such transferred Membership Interest shall be permitted unless such Transfer complies with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 
19.3 Absolute Prohibitions on Transfers
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, a Member may not Transfer, pledge, or in any manner encumber its Membership Interest during any period while such Member is in Material Breach.
 
20. DISPUTES AND DEADLOCKS
 
In the event (a) of a dispute, controversy, or claim between the Members under or in any manner related to this Agreement other than a Company Deadlock (a “Company Dispute”), or (b) that any matter that is submitted to a vote by the Members or the Board, after good faith discussion and negotiation among the Members or the Representatives, as applicable, does not receive the required vote to approve such matter and is not withdrawn from consideration by the Member or the Representative(s) submitting such matter to a vote upon the failure to receive such approval (a “Company Deadlock”), the Members shall meet and work together in good faith and use commercially reasonable efforts to expeditiously resolve the Company Dispute or the Company Deadlock internally by reference to their respective senior management promptly following written notice given by either Member to the other Member; provided, however, that the foregoing requirement to use commercially reasonable efforts shall not apply to any Company Dispute or Company Deadlock over matters relating to the adoption or amendment of an Annual Business Plan or a Rolling Business Plan.  If the Members are unable to internally resolve the Company Dispute or the Company Deadlock within thirty (30) calendar days after such notice, then at anytime thereafter:
 
20.1 In the event of any Company Dispute, each Party shall be entitled to exercise any and all rights and remedies available to such Party under law, in equity or otherwise, subject to the terms of Sections 23.12, 23.13, 23.14 and 23.15.  
 
20.2 In the event of a Company Deadlock the matter shall be deemed not approved and withdrawn from consideration (it being understood that with respect to Section 5.13.18, such in-kind contribution shall not be made) and the Company shall continue operating in the ordinary course of business.
 
20.3 In the event of a Company Deadlock with respect to an Annual Business Plan pursuant to Section 5.13.1, the Company shall continue operating under the Rolling Business Plan most recently approved by the Board.  If, after the date that is sixty (60) months following the Effective Date, upon the expiration of the then current Rolling Business Plan, the Board shall not have adopted a new Annual Business Plan for the following Fiscal Year or a new Rolling Business Plan to commence the following Fiscal Year, this Agreement shall be deemed terminated (as provided in Section 21.2.5).
 
21. TERM; TERMINATION; DISTRIBUTIONS ON TERMINATION
 
21.1 Term
 
This Agreement shall become effective on the Effective Date and shall continue in full force and effect, unless earlier terminated in accordance with this Agreement, for a period of twenty-five (25) years from the Effective Date; provided, that (a) upon the twenty (20) year anniversary of the Effective Date, the Members may agree in writing to extend the term of this Agreement by another five (5) years beyond the initial twenty five (25) year term, and (b) every five (5) years after such twenty (20) year anniversary, the Members may agree in writing to further extend the term of this Agreement for another five (5) years beyond the then extended term.
 
21.2 Termination
 
This Agreement shall be terminated:
 
21.2.1 at any time by the mutual written consent of the Members;
 
21.2.2 at the option of a Member, if the continued membership of the other Member in the Company is terminated under applicable law;
 
21.2.3 at the option of a Member, if a final and non-appealable decree of judicial dissolution is entered against the other Member or against the Company by a court of competent jurisdiction, in each case, under applicable law;
 
21.2.4 at the option of a Member, if the other Member is in Material Breach and has failed to cure such Material Breach within ninety (90) calendar days of notice thereof from the non-breaching Member, provided, that such notice is delivered in writing by the non-breaching Member within ninety (90) calendar days of the date such Member first obtains knowledge that the other Member is in Material Breach; provided, that such ninety (90) calendar day cure period shall be extended by an additional ninety (90) calendar days if (a) such Material Breach does not arise out of clause (a), clause (b) or clause (c) of the definition of “Material Breach,” (b) such Material Breach by its nature cannot be cured within ninety (90) calendar days but is capable of being cured within one hundred eighty (180) calendar days, (c) the breaching Member is using and continues to use best efforts to effect a cure, and (d) the non-breaching Member reasonably believes that such Material Breach shall be cured within the ninety (90) calendar day extension period; provided, further, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, if such Material Breach arises out of clause (c) of the definition of “Material Breach,” the Member that is in Material Breach shall be entitled to cure such Material Breach only within ten (10) calendar days of notice thereof from the non-breaching Member; provided, further, that, if the other Member is in Material Breach and such Material Breach by its nature cannot be cured, the non-breaching Member may terminate this Agreement at any time without the lapse of any cure period;
 
21.2.5 after the date that is sixty (60) months following the Effective Date, automatically in the event that (a) there is a Company Deadlock with respect to Section 5.13.1, (b) the three (3) year period of committed funding set forth in the then current Rolling Business Plan has expired, as applicable, and (c) the Board has not adopted, by Majority Consent, a new Annual Business Plan for the following Fiscal Year or a new Rolling Business Plan to commence the following Fiscal Year;
 
21.2.6 at the option of either Member, if the Percentage Interest in the Company held by either Member is less than twenty-five percent (25%); or
 
21.2.7 at the option of a Member, if the other Member undergoes a Change in Control.
 
(the exercise of any of the foregoing, a “Termination Event”).  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, and for the avoidance of doubt, a breach of any provision of this Agreement by a Party shall not entitle such breaching Party to terminate this Agreement.
 
21.3 Dissolution and Liquidation
 
21.3.1 Subject to Section 21.6, upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the President, as liquidating trustee, shall immediately commence to wind up the Company’s affairs and liquidate the assets of the Company.  In the event the President is unable to perform in the capacity of liquidating trustee or in the case of a dissolution of the Company pursuant to Section 21.2.3, the liquidating trustee shall be a Person approved by the Members
 
21.3.2 Profits and Losses from an event causing dissolution pursuant to Section 21.2 shall be allocated among the Members so that after such allocations and the other allocations under this Agreement, to the maximum extent possible the final Capital Account balances of the Members are at levels which would permit liquidating distributions, if made in accordance with such final Capital Account balances, to be equal to the distributions that will occur under Section 21.4.3.  To the extent that the allocation provisions of this Agreement would not produce such target Capital Account balances, the Members agree to take such actions as are reasonably necessary to amend such allocation provisions to produce such balances so long as such amendments are permissible under the applicable tax law.
 
21.3.3 Upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Company shall assign and transfer to each Member, and each Member shall assume from the Company, fifty percent (50%) of the Company’s outstanding warranty liability provided pursuant to the terms and conditions of sale with respect to any JV Truck Model or any JV Truck Replacement Part (in each case, regardless of brand).
 
21.4 Proceeds in Liquidation
 
Subject to Section 21.5, proceeds in liquidation shall be applied:
 
21.4.1 First, to the payment and discharge of all of the Company’s debts and liabilities to creditors other than the Members and their Affiliates;
 
21.4.2 Second, to the payment and discharge of any debts owed by the Company to the Members and their Affiliates; and
 
21.4.3 Finally, between the Members in accordance with Section 18.4; provided, that if the Fair Market Value of all assets that are to be distributed to a Member pursuant to Sections 18.4 and 21.5 (other than Sections 21.5.1 and 21.5.2) exceeds the Fair Market Value of all assets that would have been distributed to such Member pursuant to Section 18.4 (other than assets described in Sections 21.5.1 and 21.5.2), such Member shall make a Capital Contribution to the Company in an amount equal to the Fair Market Value of assets (other than assets described in Sections 21.5.1 and 21.5.2) to be distributed to such Member over the Fair Market Value of such  assets that would have been received under Section 18.4 and such Capital Contribution shall be distributed to the other Member in liquidation of the other Member’s Membership Interest.  For convenience of the Members and the Company, the Member obligated to make a Capital Contribution shall make the payment directly to the other Member.
 
21.5 Distribution of Assets on Dissolution of the Company
 
In the event of a dissolution of the Company, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the assets of the Company shall be used to satisfy the Company’s obligations under Section 21.4 in the following order of precedence: (a) first, money, accounts receivable, chattel paper, documents, instruments, and investment property shall be used to satisfy amounts owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2, (b) second, to the extent amounts remain owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2, the remaining assets of the Company (other than Intellectual Property and the agreements between the Company and JV Dealers) shall be used to satisfy amounts owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2, and (c) third, to the extent amounts remain owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2, the Company owned Intellectual Property and the agreements between the Company and JV Dealers shall be used to satisfy amounts owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2.  To the extent assets of the Company remain after satisfying all amounts owing under Sections 21.4.1 and 21.4.2, such assets shall be distributed pursuant to Section 21.4.3 as follows:
 
21.5.1 Intellectual Property.  The Company shall distribute (a) the Company-owned trademarks, service marks and trade dress unique to Caterpillar Truck Models to Caterpillar, (b) the Company-owned trademarks, service marks and trade dress unique to Navistar Truck Models to Navistar, and (c) all other Company-owned Intellectual Property to both Members as joint owners (it being understood the terms of such joint ownership are set forth in Section 14.6).
 
21.5.2 JV Dealer Agreements.  The Company shall distribute (a) each JV Dealer agreement pertaining to the sale of Caterpillar Truck Models to Caterpillar and (b) each JV Dealer agreement pertaining to the sale of Navistar Truck Models to Navistar (in each case, irrespective of whether the JV Dealer party to such agreement is owned by a Caterpillar dealer or a Navistar dealer, but in the case of a JV Dealer party owned by a Caterpillar dealer, subject to Navistar and Caterpillar entering into the Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreement pursuant to Section 21.7.1).  Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if a Termination Event occurs prior to the third (3rd) anniversary of the Effective Date, then the Company shall cause each of its JV Dealer agreements to be terminated in connection with the dissolution of the Company; provided, however, that (i) if the Termination Event occurs pursuant to Section 21.2.4 (in connection with a Material Breach by a Member), Section 21.2.6 (in connection with a decrease of the Percentage Interest held by a Member) or Section 21.2.7 (in connection with a Change in Control of a Member), then each JV Dealer agreement pertaining to the sale of JV Truck models of the other Member’s brand (irrespective of whether the JV Dealer party to such agreement is owned by a Caterpillar dealer or a Navistar dealer) shall not be terminated by the Company but instead shall be distributed to such other Member (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that in each of the circumstances described in this clause (i), the JV Dealer agreements pertaining to the sale of JV Truck models of the brand of the Member that committed such Material Breach, whose Percentage Interest decreased or that underwent such a Change in Control (irrespective of whether the JV Dealer party to such agreement is owned by a Caterpillar dealer or a Navistar dealer) shall be terminated by the Company in connection with the dissolution of the Company and shall not be distributed to such Member), and (ii) in any event, each JV Dealer agreement pertaining to the sale of Navistar Truck Models with a JV Dealer that is owned by a Navistar dealer that was serving as a Navistar dealer as of the Effective Date shall not be terminated by the Company but instead shall be distributed to Navistar.
 
21.5.3 Assets other than Intellectual Property and JV Dealer Agreements.
 
21.5.3.1 The Members shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to agree, as promptly as practicable after the occurrence of a Termination Event, on an allocation between the Members of the remaining assets of the Company other than the Intellectual Property of the Company and the agreements between the Company and JV Dealers (the “Remaining Assets”).  If the Members agree on an allocation between the Members of any of the Remaining Assets within forty (40) calendar days after the occurrence of a Termination Event, such assets (the “Non-Disputed Remaining Assets”) shall be so distributed to the Members as so agreed.
 
21.5.3.2 If the Members cannot agree on an allocation of all of the Remaining Assets between the Members within forty (40) calendar days after the occurrence of a Termination Event, the Members shall promptly retain an Independent Valuation Firm.  If the Members cannot agree on an Independent Valuation Firm within forty five (45) calendar days after the occurrence of a Termination Event, the Members shall cause an Independent Valuation Firm to be appointed pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 23.16.  The Independent Valuation Firm shall determine, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 23.16, the Fair Market Value of each of (a) the Non-Disputed Remaining Assets and (b) those Remaining Assets for which the Members cannot agree on an allocation between the Members (the “Disputed Remaining Assets”).  No later than ten (10) calendar days after the Independent Valuation Firm renders its decision as to the Fair Market Value of the items set forth in the preceding sentence, each Member shall deliver a written notice to the Company indicating if such Member offers to make a Capital Contribution in order to receive a distribution of all, but not less than all, of the Disputed Remaining Assets from the Company based on the Fair Market Value of such assets (as determined pursuant to the preceding sentence).  
 
21.5.3.3 If one Member (but not the other Member) offers to make a Capital Contribution in order to receive a distribution of all, but not less than all, of the Disputed Remaining Assets from the Company based on the Fair Market Value of such assets, the Company shall distribute such assets to such Member and, if applicable, the Member shall make a Capital Contribution determined under Section 21.4.3.
 
21.5.3.4 If both Members offer to make a Capital Contribution in order to receive a distribution of all, but not less than all, of the Disputed Remaining Assets from the Company based on the Fair Market Value set forth in Section 21.5.3.2, then on the day that is ten (10) calendar days after the end of the aforementioned ten (10) calendar day period, the Independent Valuation Firm shall determine the value of the Disputed Remaining Assets to the Members pursuant to a one (1) bid, sealed first price reserve auction in which each Member shall submit a bid and the winning, highest-bidding Member shall be obligated to make a Capital Contribution based on the price of the Disputed Remaining Assets equal to the winning, highest bid (it being understood that the reserve price in such auction shall be deemed to be equal to such Fair Market Value).  The Company shall distribute the Disputed Remaining Assets to the winning, highest- bidding Member and, if applicable, such Member shall make a Capital Contribution determined under Section 21.4.3.
 
21.5.3.5 If neither Member offers to acquire all (but not less than all) of the Disputed Remaining Assets at such Fair Market Value, the Company shall sell such assets to the highest bidding third party (which such third party may not be an Affiliate of either Member) and shall thereafter distribute the proceeds of such sale in accordance with Section 21.4.3 (taking into account (a) the Fair Market Value of the Non-Disputed Remaining Assets and (b) the distribution of such assets to the Members in accordance with Section 21.4.3).
 
21.6 Buy-Out Interest Option and Buy/Sell Option.
 
21.6.1 Buy-Out Interest Option on Termination Event.
 
21.6.1.1 Determination of Fair Value of Company.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if a Termination Event occurs pursuant to Section 21.2.4 (in connection with a Material Breach by a Member) or Section 21.2.6 (in connection with a decrease of the Percentage Interest held by a Member), the other Member (the “Buy-Out Member”) may, by delivering written notice to such Member (the “Termination Event Member”) within thirty (30) calendar days of the occurrence of the Termination Event, require that (a) the process of dissolving and liquidating the Company pursuant to Sections 21.3, 21.4, and 21.5 be suspended pending the implementation of the terms of this Section 21.6, and (b) the Members attempt in good faith to agree on the Fair Value of the Company.  If the Members have not agreed on the Fair Value of the Company within thirty (30) calendar days after the date on which the Buy-Out Member delivers such written notice to the Termination Event Member, the Members shall promptly retain a nationally recognized investment banking firm.  In the absence of mutual agreement on an investment banking firm within forty (40) calendar days after the date on which the Buy-Out Member delivers such written notice to the Termination Event Member, each Member shall designate within five (5) calendar days thereafter a nationally recognized investment banking firm for the sole purpose of selecting an investment banking firm to determine the Fair Value of the Company pursuant to this Section 21.6.1.1.  If a Member fails to designate such an investment banking firm within such five (5) calendar day period, then the other Member’s designated investment banking firm shall be deemed the mutually agreed investment banking firm to serve for all purposes of this Section 21.6.1.1.  If each Member designates an investment banking firm within such five (5) calendar day period, then the two (2) such designated firms shall promptly select a nationally recognized investment banking firm to determine the Fair Value of the Company pursuant to this Section 21.6.1.1, which investment banking firm shall be independent from the two (2) designated investment banking firms and the Members.  The investment banking firm selected pursuant to this Section 21.6.1.1 is referred to as the “Investment Banker.”  After the selection of the Investment Banker, (a) each Member shall submit to the Investment Banker in writing, not later than ten (10) calendar days after the Investment Banker is retained, its position with respect to the Fair Value of the Company, together with such supporting documentation as it deems necessary or as the Investment Banker requests, (b) the Company shall promptly make available to the Investment Banker such financial and other information and documentation as is requested by the Investment Banker to make its determination, and (c) the Investment Banker shall, within fifteen (15) calendar days after receiving the positions of the Members and the information and documentation requested by the Investment Banker (or if a Member or the Company fails or refuses to provide such information and documentation within a reasonable period of time, upon the expiration of a reasonable period of time), render its decision as to the Fair Value of the Company, which decision shall be final and binding on, and nonappealable by, the Members.  The Investment Banker shall act as an expert and not as an arbitrator.  The fees and expenses of the Investment Banker shall be paid one half by each Member.
 
21.6.1.2 Exercise of Buy-Out Interest Option.  The Buy-Out Member shall have the option, but not the obligation (the “Buy-Out Interest Option”), to purchase from the Termination Event Member, and to require the Termination Event Member to sell to the Buy-Out Member, all (but not less than all) of the Termination Event Member’s Membership Interest in the Company (the “Buy-Out Interest”) for a purchase price (the “Buy-Out Interest Purchase Price”) equal to the Termination Event Member’s Percentage Interest multiplied by the Fair Value of the Company (as finally determined pursuant to Section 21.6.1.1).  The Buy-Out Interest Option shall be exercisable by the Buy-Out Member, in its sole discretion and at its sole option, by delivering written notice (which written notice shall be irrevocable except as provided in Section 21.6.4) to the Termination Event Member at any time during the period commencing on the date on which the Fair Value of the Company is finally determined pursuant to Section 21.6.1.1 and ending thirty (30) calendar days after such date (the “Buy-Out Interest Option Period”).  Such written notice shall obligate the Termination Event Member to sell and the Buy-Out Member to purchase the Buy-Out  Interest as herein provided.  The failure of the Buy-Out Member to deliver the written notice in accordance with the second previous sentence (or the delivery of a written notice by the Buy-Out Member declining to exercise the Buy-Out Interest Option) shall result in the termination of the Buy-Out Interest Option, and the Termination Event Member shall continue to own the Buy-Out Interest and the Members shall recommence the process of dissolving and liquidating the Company pursuant to Sections 21.3, 21.4, and 21.5.  If the Buy-Out Member validly exercises the Buy-Out Interest Option, (a) the Members shall not recommence the process of dissolving and liquidating the Company pursuant to Sections 21.3, 21.4, and 21.5, and (b) the Termination Event Member shall sell, and the Buy-Out Member shall purchase, the Buy-Out Interest for the Buy-Out Interest Purchase Price, and an agreement for the sale and purchase of the Buy-Out Interest shall automatically be deemed to exist between the Termination Event Member and the Buy-Out Member as set forth in this Section 21.6.1.2.
 
21.6.2 Buy/Sell Option on Change in Control
 
21.6.2.1 Determination of Value.  No later than ten (10) days after a Member undergoes a Change in Control, the Member undergoing such Change in Control (the “Change in Control Member”) shall deliver written notice (a “Change in Control Notice”) to the other Member (the “Buy/Sell Member”).  For a period not to exceed thirty (30) days following the ninety (90) day anniversary of the Change in Control of the Change in Control Member if the Buy/Sell Member has not yet triggered a termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 21.2.7, the Buy/Sell Member shall have the option, but not the obligation, to deliver to the Change in Control Member a written notice (the “Valuation Notice”), indicating a valuation of one hundred percent (100%) of the equity of the Company (the “Valuation Price”) based on which the Buy/Sell Member is committed to either (i) purchase all (but not less than all) of the Change in Control Member’s Membership Interest in the Company, or (ii) sell all (but not less than all) of the Buy/Sell Member’s Membership Interest in the Company, each transaction to be effected at the Valuation Price multiplied by the Seller Member’s Percentage Interest.  If the Buy/Sell Member fails to provide a Valuation Notice within the thirty (30) day period set forth herein, the Buy/Sell Member shall forever waive its right to deliver a Valuation Notice or to establish a Valuation Price.  For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section 21.6.2 is intended to limit or restrict the Buy/Sell Member’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 21.2.7; provided, however, that from and after the delivery of the Valuation Notice until such time of a termination of the Buy/Sell Option, the Buy/Sell Member shall not be permitted to exercise its termination rights pursuant to Section 21.2.7.
 
21.6.2.2 Option of Change in Control Member.  No later than ninety (90) days following the Change in Control Member’s receipt of a Valuation Notice, the Change in Control Member shall deliver written notice (the “Buy/Sell Notice”) to the Buy/Sell Member of its decision whether, at its sole option (but it must select to either purchase or sell), to (i) purchase all (but not less than all) of the Buy/Sell Member’s Membership Interest in the Company, or (ii) sell all (but not less than all) of the Change in Control Member’s Membership Interest in the Company, each transaction to be effected at a purchase price (the “Buy/Sell Purchase Price”) equal to the Valuation Price multiplied by the Seller Member’s Percentage Interest (the “Buy/Sell Option”).
 
21.6.2.3 Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Membership Interest.  If the Change in Control Member elects to purchase the Buy/Sell Member’s Membership Interest, the Buy/Sell Member shall be required to sell, and the Change in Control Member shall be required to purchase, all of the Buy/Sell Member’s Membership Interest at the Buy/Sell Purchase Price, pursuant to Section 21.6.4.  If the Change in Control Member (i) elects to sell all of its Membership Interest to the Buy/Sell Member or (ii) fails to deliver the Buy/Sell Notice to the Buy/Sell Member within such ninety (90) day period, the Buy/Sell Member shall be required to purchase, and the Change in Control Member shall be required to sell, all of the Change in Control Member’s Membership Interest at the Buy/Sell Purchase Price, pursuant to Section 21.6.4.  In either event, an agreement for the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest shall be deemed to exist between the Change in Control Member and the Buy/Sell Member as a result of the Buy/Sell Option.
 
21.6.3 Actions of the Company.  During the period (a) commencing on the date on which the Buy-Out Member requires the Members to determine the Fair Value of the Company pursuant to Section 21.6.1.1 and ending on either (i) the date on which the Buy-Out Interest Option Period lapses (if the Buy-Out Interest Option is not exercised) or (ii) the date on which the closing of the sale and purchase of the Buy-Out Interest pursuant to a valid exercise of the Buy-Out Interest Option occurs (if the Buy-Out Interest Option is exercised) or (b) commencing on the date of the Change in Control of the Change in Control Member and ending on the earlier to occur of (i) the date on which the closing of the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option occurs and (ii) if the Buy/Sell Member fails to properly deliver the Valuation Notice, the date that is thirty (30) days after the ninety (90) day anniversary of the Change in Control of the Change in Control Member, the Members shall cause the Company to (a) operate in the ordinary course of business, (b) not take any action that would have the primary purpose of altering the Fair Value of the Company, and (c) not incur any additional indebtedness for borrowed money (other than trade payables in the ordinary course of business).
 
21.6.4 Closing.  The closing of the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option or pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option shall take place at the offices of the Purchaser Member’s counsel forty-five (45) calendar days after either (i) the date of the exercise of the Buy-Out Interest Option or (ii) the date of the exercise of the Buy/Sell Option (or the date the Buy/Sell Option was to be exercised if the Change in Control Member failed to timely exercise the Buy/Sell Option); provided, that the closing shall in no event occur earlier than three (3) Business Days after receipt of all approvals required from, and expiration of all waiting periods (including waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act) imposed by, any governmental authorities in connection with the purchase and sale.  At closing, (a) the Member selling its Membership Interest (the “Seller Member”) shall represent and warrant to the Member purchasing such Membership Interest (the “Purchaser Member”) that the Purchaser Member is receiving good and marketable legal and beneficial title to the Seller Member’s Membership Interest, free and clear of any Liens (other than restrictions imposed by the Securities Act, applicable state securities laws, and this Agreement), which representations and warranties shall be the sole representations and warranties required of the Seller Member, (b) the Seller Member shall deliver to the Purchaser Member resignations from those Representatives the Seller Member has appointed to the Board, and (c) the Purchaser Member shall deliver to the Seller Member an amount equal to either the Buy-Out Interest Purchase Price (in the case of the purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option) or the Buy/Sell Purchase Price (in the case of the purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option) in immediately available funds.  Subject to the provisions of Section 21.6.5, if the closing occurs, the Members shall not be required to recommence the process of dissolving and liquidating the Company pursuant to Sections 21.3, 21.4, and 21.5.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 21.6.4, if a governmental authority whose approval is required to consummate the purchase of the Membership Interest fails to approve such transaction or imposes a condition on its approval that, in the sole discretion of the Purchaser Member, would make the purchase by it of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option or pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option impractical or not otherwise in the best interests of the Purchaser Member, then the Purchaser Member may terminate the purchase of the Membership Interest by and upon delivery of written notice to the Seller Member and, solely in the case of the Buy/Sell Option, the Seller Member’s receipt of payment in an amount equal to the Seller Member’s reasonable expenses (or share of the Company’s reasonable expenses) incurred in connection with the Purchaser Member’s exercise of the Buy/Sell Option, and upon such termination, (i) neither Member shall have any further obligation under this Section 21.6 with respect thereto, (ii) the Seller Member shall continue to own its Membership Interest, (iii) in the case of a termination of the Buy-Out Interest Option, the Members shall recommence the process of dissolving and liquidating the Company pursuant to Sections 21.3, 21.4, and 21.5 and (iv) in the case of a termination of the Buy/Sell Option, the Buy/Sell Member shall have the right within thirty (30) days of such termination to trigger a termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 21.2.7.
 
21.6.5 Certain Transactions in Connection with Closing.  The following shall occur simultaneously with the closing of the sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option or pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option (as provided in Section 21.6.4):
 
21.6.5.1 The Company shall distribute (a) the Company-owned trademarks, service marks and trade dress unique to the Seller Member’s branded JV Truck Models to the Seller Member, and (b) joint ownership of all other Company-owned Intellectual Property (other than trademarks, service marks and trade dress unique to the Purchaser Member’s branded JV Truck Models) to the Seller Member as a joint owner with the Company, all in accordance with the provisions of Section 21.5.1, as if the Company were being dissolved and liquidated (it being understood the terms of such joint ownership are set forth in Section 14.6).
 
21.6.5.2 Each JV Dealer agreement pertaining to the sale of Seller Member branded JV Truck Models (irrespective of whether the JV Dealer party to such agreement is owned by a Caterpillar dealer or a Navistar dealer) shall be terminated or distributed to the Seller Member in accordance with the provisions of Section 21.5.2, as if the Company were being dissolved and liquidated.
 
21.6.5.3 For the avoidance of doubt, all of the non-competition and exclusivity provisions contained in this Agreement (including the provisions of Sections 11.1 and 15) shall terminate and be of no further force or effect.
 
21.6.6 Further Actions by Members.  The Members shall take all necessary actions required to give effect to the provisions of this Section 21.6, including (a) the passing of such Member and Board resolutions of the Company as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate the relevant transaction, and (b) the filing of all necessary notices to and requests for consent of any governmental authorities, and the Members shall equally share any filing fees required in connection therewith.
 
21.6.7 Related Agreements.  From and after the closing of any sale and purchase of the Membership Interest pursuant to the Buy-Out Interest Option or pursuant to the Buy/Sell Option (as provided in Section 21.6.4), each Related Agreement between the Seller Member, on the one hand, and the Company or the Purchaser Member, on the other hand, shall be deemed terminated and the Seller Member and the other relevant Person shall enter into post-termination commercial arrangements pursuant to Section 21.7.
 
21.7 Post-Termination Commercial Arrangements
 
21.7.1 Immediately following the distributions provided in Sections 21.4 and 21.5 or the closing of any purchase of the Seller Member’s Membership Interest by the Purchaser Member pursuant to Section 21.6, Caterpillar and Navistar and the other relevant Persons (including the Company, in the case of an exercise of the Buy-Out Interest Option or the Buy/Sell Option) shall enter into one or more of the following agreements, in each case, upon the delivery of a written request by the relevant Member to the other Member that the relevant Persons enter into such agreement(s): (a) the Post-Termination License Agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members (subject to the terms of Sections 21.7.2 and 21.7.3), (b) the Post-Termination Truck Sales Agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members, (c) the Post-Termination Master Component Supply Agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members, (d) the Post-Termination Transition Services Agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members, and (e) the Post-Termination Marketing Services Fee Agreements in the forms agreed to by the Members, which among other things shall prohibit Navistar and its Affiliates from selling Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor (including military vehicles, tactical vehicles, COTS vehicles with military features, COTS vehicles and related parts, and Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles) to military customers (including sales through sales and resale agents, procurement agents, prime contractors, and subcontractors where such sales are for use exclusively by military customers) through any Navistar-branded JV Dealer owned by a Caterpillar dealer, or use any such JV Dealer to assist with or facilitate any such sales by Navistar or its Affiliates, at any time during the term thereof.
 
21.7.2 If a Termination Event (other than a Termination Event that occurs pursuant to Section 21.2.7) occurs prior to the third (3rd) anniversary of the Effective Date, the licensee Member requesting that the relevant Persons enter into a Post-Termination License Agreement shall not be entitled to receive such license unless such Termination Event occurs pursuant to Section 21.2.4 (in connection with a Material Breach by the licensor Member) or Section 21.2.6 (in connection with a decrease of the Percentage Interest held by the licensor Member).
 
21.7.3 If (i) a Termination Event occurs pursuant to Section 21.2.7 (in connection with a Change in Control of the licensor Member) or (ii) an exercise of the Buy/Sell Option occurs, in either case prior to the second (2nd) anniversary of the Effective Date, the licensee Member requesting that the relevant Persons enter into a Post-Termination License Agreement shall not be entitled to receive such license.
 
21.8 Additional Rights
 
Without limiting the generality of Section 23.17, the right of termination and other rights provided in this Section 21 are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights or remedies a Party may have under this Agreement or applicable law, including the right to damages for breach with or without exercising a right to terminate this Agreement.
 
22. CONFIDENTIALITY; PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
22.1 Treatment of Confidential Information
 
The Receiving Party shall (a) accord Confidential Information received by it from the Furnishing Party with the same degree of confidential treatment that it accords its similar proprietary and confidential business and technical information, which shall not be less than the care a reasonable business person would exercise under similar circumstances, (b) use such Confidential Information only in connection with this Agreement or the Business, and (c) not disclose any of such Confidential Information to any Person other than its Affiliates and its and their directors, officers, employees, contractors, subcontractors, agents, advisors and licensees who have a need to know in connection with this Agreement or the Business.
 
22.2 Permitted Disclosures
 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information of the Furnishing Party, without liability for such disclosure, to the extent that such disclosure is (a) required to be made pursuant to applicable law, stock exchange rule, government authority, duly authorized subpoena, or court order, (b) required to be made to a court or other tribunal in connection with the enforcement of the Receiving Party’s rights under this Agreement, or (c) approved by the prior written consent of the Furnishing Party.  
 
22.3 Disclosure Pursuant to Applicable Law
 
In the event that a Party receives a subpoena or otherwise becomes aware of events which may legally require it to disclose Confidential Information, it shall promptly notify the Party that owns the Confidential Information, and cooperate with that Party (at the expense of that Party) to obtain an order quashing or otherwise modifying the scope of said subpoena or legal requirement in an effort to prevent or limit the disclosure of such Confidential Information.  In the event that such efforts are unsuccessful, a Party’s disclosure as required by applicable law shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement.
 
22.4 Survival of Confidentiality Obligations
 
All obligations of confidentiality and all restrictions on the use of Confidential Information under this Agreement shall remain in effect during the term of this Agreement and thereafter until the date that is two (2) years following the expiration or termination of this Agreement.  Upon the request of the Furnishing Party following the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the Receiving Party shall, at the Furnishing Party’s option and expense, return all of the Furnishing Party’s Confidential Information or destroy the same, except that the Receiving Party may retain but must keep confidential (except as provided in Section 22.2) Confidential Information of the Furnishing Party that is necessary in connection with the enforcement of the Receiving Party’s rights under this Agreement.
 
22.5 Non-Disclosure of Agreement; Publicity
 
Except as may be required by applicable law, securities regulatory authorities, stock exchange rule, government authorities, or as provided in Section 22.2, no Party shall make public the existence or content of this Agreement or the negotiations leading to or pursuant to this Agreement without the written consent of the other Parties; provided, that no Party shall be prohibited from disclosing the general nature of the business relationship established hereby at any time.  Caterpillar acknowledges and agrees that Navistar will file a copy of this Agreement with the Securities and Exchange Commission and will file a Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission which will summarize the materials terms of this Agreement.
 
22.6 No License
 
Other than the express licenses granted in this Agreement, no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, is granted to any Intellectual Property that is now or may hereafter be owned by a Party by virtue of the disclosure of Confidential Information under this Agreement.
 
23. MISCELLANEOUS
 
23.1 Disclaimer
 
THE WARRANTIES OF EACH PARTY CONTAINED HEREIN ARE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING  ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ALL OF WHICH ARE HEREBY SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED AND DISCLAIMED.
 
23.2 Limitation of Damages
 
IN NO EVENT SHALL A PARTY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE EXERCISE OF ITS RIGHTS HEREUNDER, INCLUDING ANY LOSS OF FUTURE REVENUE OR INCOME OR LOSS OF BUSINESS REPUTATION OR OPPORTUNITY ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, REGARDLESS OF ANY NOTICE OF SUCH DAMAGES.  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION 23.2 IS INTENDED TO LIMIT OR RESTRICT THE INDEMNIFICATION RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS OF A PARTY PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 5.14 or 16 IN REGARD TO AMOUNTS PAYABLE TO THIRD PARTIES.
 
23.3 Expenses
 
Each Party shall bear all of its own costs and expenses incurred in negotiating this Agreement.  No Party may make any offset against amounts due to another Party or any of such other Party’s Affiliates pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise.
 
23.4 Force Majeure
 
A Party shall be excused for any failure or delay in the performance of any of its obligations under this Agreement (other than for the payment of money) if such failure or delay is due to a strike, lockout, work stoppage, labor dispute, material shortage, utility outage, delay in transportation, fire, flood, earthquake, severe weather, act of God, accident, trade sanction, embargo, act of war, terrorism or threats of same, condition caused by national emergency, new or changed law, or any other act or cause beyond the reasonable control or without the fault of such Party, whether similar to or different from the causes above enumerated, and whether affecting such Party or its agents, subcontractors, or suppliers, for as long as such circumstances prevail.  The affected Party shall as soon as practicable notify the other Parties of any actual or anticipated failure or delay, and such affected Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any force majeure event and its consequences on performance hereunder.  The Parties shall remain liable for those obligations under this Agreement that are not affected by the force majeure event.
 
23.5 Survival
 
Irrespective of the expiration or termination of this Agreement, the rights and obligations set forth in Sections 4.2, 4.10, 5.7, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15, 10.1.12, 13, 14, 15.2, 15.6, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, and 24 shall remain in full force and effect to the extent required for their full observance and performance.  The transfer of a Member’s Membership Interest pursuant to Section 19 or the expiration or termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 21 shall not affect any right or obligation of a Party which shall have accrued prior to the effective date of such transfer, expiration, or termination.
 
23.6 Further Actions and Assurances
 
The Parties shall execute and deliver any and all documents, and shall cause any and all other reasonable action to be taken, which may be necessary or proper to effect or evidence the provisions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
23.7 Good Faith Reliance on Terms of Agreement
 
The Parties hereby agree that each Party shall be entitled to rely on the provisions of this Agreement, and no Party shall be liable to any other Party for any action or refusal to act taken in good faith based on the terms of this Agreement.
 
23.8 Counterparts
 
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by means of facsimile), each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
 
23.9 Entire Agreement
 
This Agreement (including the Related Agreements and other documents referred to herein and therein) constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes any prior understandings, agreements, or representations by the Parties, written or oral, to the extent they relate in any way to the subject matter hereof.
 
23.10 Succession and Assignment
 
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.  Except as provided in Section 19.2, no Party may assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the other Parties.
 
23.11 Amendments and Waiver
 
No amendment of any provision of this Agreement shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and signed by each Party.  No waiver by a Party of any provision of this Agreement or any default, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty hereunder, whether intentional or not, shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Party making such waiver nor shall such waiver be deemed to extend to any prior or subsequent default, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty hereunder or affect in any way any rights arising by virtue of any prior or subsequent such default, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty.
 
23.12 Applicable Law
 
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware.
 
23.13 Venue
 
All suits, actions, or proceedings brought by a Party arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any matters contemplated hereby shall be heard and determined in a state or federal court sitting in New Castle County, Delaware, U.S.A., and the Parties hereby irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action, or proceeding and irrevocably waive the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any such suit, action, or proceeding; provided, that the foregoing shall not limit the rights of the Parties to obtain judgment in any other jurisdiction or to serve process in any manner permitted by law.
 
23.14 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
 
EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND ABSOLUTELY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUIT, ACTION, OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT BY A PARTY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY MATTERS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND AGREES TO TAKE ANY AND ALL ACTION NECESSARY OR APPROPRIATE TO EFFECT SUCH WAIVER.
 
23.15 Specific Performance
 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Parties agree that irreparable harm will occur if any of the provisions of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its specific terms or is otherwise breached.  The Parties further agree in the event of a breach there will be no adequate remedy at law.  Without limiting the foregoing, the Parties specifically agree such would be the case for a breach of any of the provisions of Sections 11.1 and 15.  It is accordingly agreed that each Party shall be entitled to a preliminary and/or permanent injunction or injunctions to remedy breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.  The Party seeking an injunction shall not be obligated to post a bond or other security in connection therewith, and the non-seeking Party will not dispute irreparable harm or request a bond or other security.
 
23.16 Determination of Fair Market Value
 
If the Members or the Board (as applicable) fail to unanimously agree on the Fair Market Value of any property or assets under any provision of this Agreement, within twenty (20) calendar days after delivery of a notice from a Member requesting a determination, the Members or the Board (as applicable) shall promptly retain a nationally recognized independent valuation firm to determine such Fair Market Value.  In the absence of mutual agreement by the Members or Majority Consent of the Board (as applicable) on a valuation firm within five (5) calendar days of the expiration of such twenty (20) calendar day period, each Member shall designate within five (5) calendar days thereafter a nationally recognized valuation firm for the sole purpose of selecting a valuation firm to determine such Fair Market Value.  If a Member fails to designate such a valuation firm within such five (5) calendar day period, then the other Member’s designated valuation firm shall be deemed the mutually agreed accounting firm to serve for all purposes of this Section 23.16.  If each Member designates a valuation firm within such five (5) calendar day period, then the two (2) such designated firms shall promptly select a nationally recognized valuation firm to determine such Fair Market Value pursuant to this Section 23.16, which valuation firm shall be independent from the two (2) designated valuation firms, the Members and the Company.  The valuation firm selected pursuant to this Section 23.16 is referred to as the “Independent Valuation Firm.”  After the selection of the Independent Valuation Firm, (a) each Member shall submit to the Independent Valuation Firm in writing, not later than ten (10) calendar days after the Independent Valuation Firm is retained, its position with respect to such Fair Market Value, together with such supporting documentation as it deems necessary or as the Independent Valuation Firm requests, and (b) the Independent Valuation Firm shall, within fifteen (15) calendar days after receiving the positions of the Members and all supplementary supporting documentation requested by the Independent Valuation Firm (or if a Member fails or refuses to provide such information and documentation within a reasonable period of time, upon the expiration of a reasonable period of time), render its decision as to such Fair Market Value, which decision shall be final and binding on, and nonappealable by, the Members and the Company.  The Independent Valuation Firm shall act as an expert and not as an arbitrator.  The fees and expenses of the Independent Valuation Firm shall be paid one half by each Member.  
 
23.17 Remedies Cumulative
 
The remedies provided in this Agreement shall be cumulative and, except as expressly limited in this Agreement, shall not preclude the assertion or exercise of any other rights or remedies available under law, in equity, or otherwise.
 
23.18 Severability
 
Any term or provision of this Agreement that is invalid or unenforceable in any situation in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions hereof or the validity or enforceability of the offending term or provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction.  The Parties agree to attempt in good faith to replace any such invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid and enforceable provision designed to achieve, to the extent possible under applicable law, the business purpose and intent of such invalid or unenforceable provision.
 
23.19 No Third Party Beneficiaries
 
This Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any Person other than the Parties and, to the extent expressly set forth herein, their Affiliates, the Indemnitees, the Navistar Indemnified Persons, the Caterpillar Indemnified Persons, and the Company Indemnified Persons, and all of their respective successors and permitted assigns.
 
23.20 Construction
 
The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement.  In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.  Any reference to any federal, state, local, or foreign statute or law shall be deemed also to refer to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise.  Any reference to the consent or approval of the Board shall be deemed to mean the consent or approval of a simple majority of the Representatives unless such reference expressly refers to Majority Consent.  Unless the context requires otherwise, singular includes plural and vice versa and any gender includes every gender, and where any word or phrase is given a defined meaning, any other grammatical form of that word or phrase shall have a corresponding meaning.  The word “including” shall mean “including without limitation.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, the words “hereof,” “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereby,” or words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Section, subsection, clause or other subdivision hereof.  The word “or” shall be disjunctive but not exclusive.  Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, all decisions, elections and other actions to be made by the Company hereunder shall be made by the officers of the Company at the direction and control of the President and in accordance with Section 6.
 
23.21 Headings
 
The section headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
 
23.22 Notices
 
Any notice, request, instruction, or other document to be given hereunder by a Party shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (a) when received, if given in person or by courier or a courier service, (b) on the date of transmission, if sent by facsimile or other wire transmission (receipt confirmed), or (c) five (5) Business Days after being deposited in the mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid:
 
If to Caterpillar:
 
Caterpillar Inc.
100 N.E. Adams St.
Peoria, Illinois 61629-9600
Attn:  Deputy General Counsel
Facsimile:  (309) 675-1795
 
If to Navistar:
 
Navistar, Inc.
4201 Winfield Road
Warrenville, Illinois  60555
Attn:  General Counsel
Facsimile:  (630) 753-2261

With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
 
Latham & Watkins LLP
233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 5800
Chicago, Illinois  60606
Attn:  Cary R. Perlman
Facsimile:  (312) 993-9767

If to the Company:
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Attn:  President
Facsimile:  __________
 
23.23 Partition
 
Each of the Members hereby irrevocably waives, to the extent it may lawfully do so, any right that such Member may have to maintain any action for partition with respect to Company property.
 
23.24 Incorporation of Exhibits
 
The Exhibits identified in this Agreement are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
 
24. DEFINITIONS
 
The following terms when set forth in initial capital letters in this Agreement shall have the respective meanings:
 
“5% Affiliates” shall mean, as to any Member, any Person in which such Member owns any equity interest equal to or greater than five percent (5%); provided, however, that, with respect to Navistar, 5% Affiliates shall not include DealCor Dealers.
 
“Act” shall mean the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, Title 6, Sections 18-101, et. seq. of the Delaware Code, and any successor statute, as the same may be amended from time to time.
 
“Actual Warranty Expenses” is defined in Section 13.3.1.3.
 
“Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” shall mean, with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in such Member’s Capital Account, maintained pursuant to Section 18.1, as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year, after giving effect to the following adjustments:  (a) credit to such Capital Account any amounts which such Member is obligated to restore, because of a promissory note to the Company or otherwise, or is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentence in each of Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) (ii) and 1.704-2(i)(5), and (b) debit to such Capital Account the items described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5), and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6) of the Treasury Regulations.
 
“Affiliate” shall mean, as to any Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly though one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise; and the terms “affiliated,” “controlling,” and “controlled” have the meanings correlative to the foregoing.  A Person shall be deemed to control another Person if such first Person owns (a) greater than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock or other equity interests of such other Person entitled to vote or (b) greater than 50% of the total value of all stock or other equity interests of such other Person.  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Affiliate,” as it relates to either Caterpillar or Navistar, shall be defined so as to not include the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, irrespective of the Percentage Interest held by either Member at any given time.
 
“Aggregate  Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve” is defined in Section 13.3.1.1.
 
“Agreement” is defined in the preamble.
 
“All-Makes Parts” shall mean any part for a Medium Duty Truck or a Heavy Duty Truck, other than Navistar Brand parts and Caterpillar Brand parts, that is produced by an OEM supplier to meet OEM specifications for such Medium Duty Truck or Heavy Duty Truck.
 
“Annual Business Plan” is defined in Section 2.2.1.
 
“Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment” is defined in Section 2.2.1.
 
“Annual Business Plan Loan Commitment” is defined in Section 2.2.1.
 
“Auditor” is defined in Section 15.3.8.1.
 
“Background Intellectual Property” shall mean all Intellectual Property that (a) was the property of, is jointly owned or is licensed from a third party by, one Member or its Affiliates prior to the Effective Date, or (b) is independently developed by a Member or its Affiliates.
 
“Baseline Profit Amount” is defined in Section 2.3.5.1.
 
“Beneficiary” is defined in Section 19.1.2.2.
 
“Blue Diamond” shall mean, collectively, Blue Diamond Truck S.R.L. de C.V. and Blue Diamond Parts, LLC.
 
“Board” shall mean the Board of Representatives of the Company elected in accordance with Section 5.
 
“Business” is defined in Section 2.1.
 
“Business Day” shall mean any day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday, a legal holiday, or a day on which banking institutions or trust companies in Illinois are authorized or obligated by law to close.
 
“Buy-Out Interest” is defined in Section 21.6.1.2.
 
“Buy-Out Interest Option” is defined in Section 21.6.1.2.
 
“Buy-Out Interest Option Period” is defined in Section 21.6.1.2.
 
“Buy-Out Interest Purchase Price” is defined in Section 21.6.1.2.
 
“Buy-Out Member” is defined in Section 21.6.1.1.
 
“Buy/Sell Member” is defined in Section 21.6.2.1.
 
“Buy/Sell Notice” is defined in Section 21.6.2.2.
 
“Buy/Sell Option” is defined in Section 21.6.2.2.
 
“Buy/Sell Purchase Price” is defined in Section 21.6.2.2.
 
“Capital Account” is defined in Section 18.1.
 
“Capital Contribution” shall mean, with respect to any Member, the amount of cash or the Gross Asset Value of any other property (net of the amount of any liabilities to which such property is subject) contributed to the Company with respect to such Member’s Membership Interest.
 
“Capital Contribution Commitment” shall mean (a) an Annual Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment, or (b) a Three-Year Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment.
 
“Caterpillar” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Caterpillar Brand” shall mean any brand maintained or used by Caterpillar or any of its Affiliates for use or in connection with JV Trucks (including any engines, parts and components used in JV Trucks).
 
“Caterpillar Competing Person” shall mean, as to any particular time, (a) a Person that is a competitor of any or all of the Business and any business of Caterpillar at such time, or (b) any Affiliate of such Person (provided, however, that neither Navistar nor any Affiliate of Navistar shall be deemed to be a Caterpillar Competing Person).
 
“Caterpillar Financial” shall mean Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation and its Affiliates.
 
“Caterpillar Indemnified Person” shall mean Caterpillar and its Affiliates and their respective successors, assigns, agents, employees, officers, and directors.
 
“Caterpillar Truck” shall have the meaning set forth in the Strategic Alliance Agreement.
 
“Caterpillar Truck Model” shall mean any JV Truck Model that, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent and the determination of Caterpillar in its discretion, shall be sold under the Caterpillar Brand by the Company  from time to time.
 
“CFO” is defined in Section 6.1.
 
“Change in Control” of a Member shall mean, with respect to such Member’s ultimate parent company, any of the following:  (a) a sale of all or substantially all of such Person’s assets (whether directly or indirectly through one or more of such Person’s subsidiaries or Affiliates) to one or more Competing Persons, (b) a sale of more than 50% of all of the outstanding voting equity interests in such Person to one or more Competing Persons acting individually or as a “group” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (c) a merger or consolidation of such Person with one or more Competing Persons in which the stockholders of such Competing Persons as of immediately prior to the record date pertaining to such merger or consolidation are in control of the Person surviving such merger or consolidation, in the case of each of clauses (a), (b), and (c), in a single transaction or through a series of related transactions.  For purposes of clause (c) of the immediately preceding sentence, the term “control” when used with respect to any Person means the ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding equity interests in such Person.
 
“Change in Control Member” is defined in Section 21.6.2.1.
 
“Change in Control Notice” is defined in Section 21.6.2.1.
 
“China” shall mean the People’s Republic of China.
 
“China Business Plan” is defined in Section 2.3.4.
 
“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
 
“Common Parts” means replacement parts that are used in both JV Truck Models and in vehicles and machines that are not JV Truck Models.
 
“Company” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Company Deadlock” is defined in Section 20.
 
“Company Dispute” is defined in Section 20.
 
“Company Indemnified Person” shall mean the Company and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and their respective successors, assigns, agents, employees, officers, and directors.
 
“Competing Operations” is defined in Section 15.5.
 
“Competing Person” shall mean, as to any particular time, (a) a Person that manufactures trucks that are in competition with any or all of the Business, any business of Caterpillar that generated more than $300,000,000 in annual revenue during the then most recent complete fiscal year of Caterpillar, and any business of Navistar that generated more than $300,000,000 in annual revenue during the then most recent complete Fiscal Year of Navistar, and (b) any subsidiary or Affiliate of such Person.
 
“Competitive OEM” is defined in Section 11.3.6.
 
“Competitive OEM Dealer” is defined in Section 11.3.6.
 
“Confidential Information” shall mean information disclosed by the Furnishing Party to the Receiving Party in connection with this Agreement that is reasonably considered confidential or proprietary by the Furnishing Party, whether written or oral or in electronic or other form.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information does not include information that is (a) at the time of its disclosure, or thereafter becomes, part of the public domain through no act or fault of the Receiving Party, (b) known to the Receiving Party at the time of its disclosure by the Furnishing Party, (c) independently developed by the Receiving Party without reference to the information disclosed, or (d) rightfully disclosed to the Receiving Party by a third party not subject to an obligation of confidentiality with respect to the information disclosed.
 
“Contributing Member” is defined in Section 3.2.3.2.2.
 
“Core ROW Country” or “Core ROW Countries” shall refer to China, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, or Turkey.
 
“Cost” shall have the meaning set forth in (i) the applicable Master Component Supply Agreements with respect to JV Truck Components and JV Truck Replacement Parts sold to the Company by a Member, (ii) the applicable Master Component Supply Agreements with respect to components and replacement parts sold by the Company to a Member, (iii) the Master Terms for Purchased Services with respect to services performed for the Company by a Member, (iv) the Truck Sales Agreement for JV Trucks sold to the Company by Navistar, and (v) the Master Development Services Agreements for development services performed for the Company by a Member.
 
“COE China” shall mean the People’s Republic of China (including Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) and Taiwan.
 
“COTS” shall mean commercial off-the-shelf vehicles.
 
“Credit Agreement” is defined in Section 15.2.
 
“Current Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve” is defined in Section 13.3.1.3.
 
“DealCor Dealer” shall mean any existing or future dealer owned by Navistar or any of its Affiliates that is located in North America and subject to Navistar’s export guidelines with respect to trucks and replacement parts (it being understood and agreed that Navistar will strictly enforce such guidelines against such dealer to prevent such dealer from exporting trucks and replacement parts into the ROW).
 
“Default Warranty Reserve” is defined in Section 13.3.1.3.
 
“Disputed Remaining Assets” is defined in Section 21.5.3.2.

“Effective Date” is defined in the preamble.

“Employee Secondment Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.8.

“ESC” is defined in Section 13.6.

“Exercise Notice” is defined in Section 3.2.5.

“Fair Market Value” shall mean the price at which a willing seller and a willing buyer would trade the relevant property or assets.  If the Members or the Board (as applicable) fail to agree on the Fair Market Value of any property or assets under any provision of this Agreement, the determination shall be made by the Independent Valuation Firm under the procedure set forth in Section 23.16.

“Fair Value of the Company” shall mean the price at which a willing seller and a willing buyer would trade and shall take into account all relevant factors, including the Company’s assets, liabilities, earnings, goodwill, going concern value, and future prospects (in each case after taking into account those certain transactions set forth in Sections 21.6.5, 21.6.7 and 21.7), and shall be determined pursuant to the relevant provisions of this Agreement using standard valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows, comparable companies and precedent transaction analyses as well as any other techniques deemed applicable by both Members under the market conditions existing at the time at which such determination is made.

“First-Fit Parts” shall mean parts for a Medium Duty Truck or a Heavy Duty Truck that are originally installed in such vehicle by the OEM of such vehicle.

“Fiscal Year” shall mean the period commencing on November 1st of each year and ending as of October 31st of that same year; provided, however, that the first Fiscal Year of the Company shall commence as of the Effective Date and end on the following October 31st.

“Fleet Sale Policy” shall mean the policy agreed to by the Members.

“Furnishing Party” shall mean the Party furnishing Confidential Information under Article 22.
 
“GAAP” shall mean United States generally accepted accounting principles and practices  applied on a consistent basis.

“Goodwill Policy” shall mean a policy or practice of servicing out-of-warranty customers.

“Governmental COE Customers” shall mean non-military, governmental, cab over engine Medium Duty Truck and Heavy Duty Truck customers.

“Governmental Conventional Customers” shall mean non-military, governmental, conventional (non-cab over engine) Medium Duty Truck and Heavy Duty Truck customers.

“Gross Asset Value” shall mean, with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, except as follows:

(a)     The initial Gross Asset Value of any asset contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the gross Fair Market Value of such asset, as determined by the contributing Member and the Company; provided, that the determination by the Company of the Fair Market Value of a contributed asset shall be made by Majority Consent of the Board.

(b)     The Gross Asset Values of all Company assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective gross Fair Market Values as of the following times: (i) the acquisition of an additional interest in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution, (ii) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property as consideration for an interest in the Company, (iii) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), and (iv) at such other times as is reasonably necessary or advisable to comply with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 or to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members; provided, that adjustments pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) shall be made except to the extent that the Board reasonably determines by Majority Consent that such adjustments are not necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members and the Company.
 
(c)     The Gross Asset Value of any Company asset distributed to any Member shall be the gross Fair Market Value of such asset, as determined by the Board by Majority Consent, on the date of distribution.
 
(d)     The Gross Asset Values of Company assets shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such assets pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or Code Section 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) and Section 18.1; provided, that Gross Asset Value shall not be adjusted pursuant to this clause (d) to the extent the Members determine that an adjustment pursuant to clause (b) is necessary or appropriate in connection with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this clause (d).
 
(e)     If the Gross Asset Value of an asset has been determined or adjusted pursuant to clauses (a), (b), or (d) hereof, such Gross Asset Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the depreciation taken into account with respect to such asset for purposes of computing Profits and Losses.
 
“Heavy Duty COE Truck” shall mean a cab over engine Heavy Duty Truck utilizing an engine with displacement of nine (9) liters or more.
 
“Heavy Duty Truck” shall mean any on-highway truck (including any off-highway derivative of any on-highway truck) with a gross vehicle weight rating equal to or greater than fifteen (15) metric tons.
 
“Indemnified Person” shall mean the Person or Persons entitled to, or claiming a right to, indemnification under Section 16.
 
“Indemnifying Person” shall mean the Person or Persons obligated to provide indemnification under Section 16.
 
“Indemnitee” is defined in Section 5.14.
 
“Independent Valuation Firm” is defined in Section 23.16.
 
“Initial Annual Business Plan” is defined in Section 2.2.1.
 
“Initial Rolling Business Plan” is defined in Section 2.2.2.
 
“Initial Staffing Plan” is defined in Section 7.1.
 
“Intellectual Property” shall mean trade secrets, ideas, inventions, designs, utility models, developments, devices, methods or processes (whether patented or patentable and whether or not reduced to practice) and all patents and patent applications related thereto; copyrightable works and mask works (whether or not registered); trademarks, service marks and trade dress; all registrations and applications for registration related thereto and know-how; and all other intellectual or industrial property rights in any jurisdiction.
 
“Intellectual Property License Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.3.
 
“Intercompany Promissory Note” is defined in Section 1.6.10.
 
“Investment Banker” is defined in Section 21.6.1.1.
 
“Joint Owner” is defined in Section 14.6.
 
“Jointly Owned Intellectual Property” is defined in Section 14.6.
 
“JV Dealer” shall mean any Person who signs a sales and service agreement with the Company for the sale and servicing of JV Trucks and JV Truck Replacement Parts.
 
“JV Truck” shall mean Medium Duty Trucks and Heavy Duty Trucks.  JV Trucks shall not include buses or military or tactical vehicles (including Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles).

“JV Truck Assembly Facility” shall mean any facility and associated land purchased, leased or otherwise procured by the Company or any of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries to assemble or manufacture JV Trucks in a particular territory in the ROW.
 
“JV Truck Components” shall mean first fit, production use, direct materials required for the assembly of Medium Duty Trucks or Heavy Duty Trucks, including engines and transmissions.
 
“JV Truck Models” shall mean those truck models that are sold by the Company.
 
“JV Truck Replacement Parts” shall mean all new or remanufactured replacement parts, service parts, and maintenance parts for JV Trucks.
 
“Legacy Country” shall mean each of the Non-Core ROW Countries set forth on Schedule 2.3.5
 
“Legacy Country Commencement Date” is defined in Section 2.3.5.
 
“Legacy Trucks” shall mean any Medium Duty Truck or Heavy Duty Truck sold by Navistar to any Person prior to the Effective Date.
 
“Liabilities” shall mean losses, demands, claims, liabilities, obligations, causes of action, assessments, damages, fines, penalties and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’, professional, and expert witness fees and expenses).
 
“Loan Commitment” shall mean (a) an Annual Business Plan Loan Commitment, or (b) a Three-Year Business Plan Loan Commitment.
 
“Losses” is defined in conjunction with “Profits.”
 
“Mahindra JV” shall mean the joint venture that exists pursuant to the Mahindra JV Agreement.
 
“Mahindra JV Agreement” shall mean collectively that certain (i) Joint Venture Agreement, dated November 17, 2005, by and among Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, International Truck and Engine Corporation, Mahindra International Private Limited, International Truck and Engine Mauritius Holding Ltd and International Truck and Engine Corporation Cayman Islands Holding Company, and (ii) Waiver of Certain Provisions to Joint Venture Agreement, dated _______, 2009 (the “Mahindra Waiver”), signed by all of the foregoing parties, in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii), as in effect on the signing date of the Mahindra Waiver.
 
“Mahindra JV Royalties” is defined in Section 2.3.9.
 
“Mahindra Territory” shall mean India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Malaysia.
 
“Majority Consent” of the Board shall mean the approval, authorization or ratification of at least four (4) of the Representatives comprising the Board, which approval, authorization or ratification may be given or withheld for any or no reason in the sole and absolute discretion of each Representative.
 
“Marketing Services” shall mean market analysis, competitive analysis, product support plans, future product plans, marketing plans, assistance with business plans,  sales plans and transition plans to move the Legacy Country sales from Navistar to the Company.

“Mark-Up Engineering Services” shall mean those services described under the Service Category Code ES in Exhibit 3 to the Master Terms for Purchased Services.
 
“Master Component Supply Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.1.
 
“Master Development Services Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.6.
 
“Master Terms for Purchased Services” is defined in Section 1.6.2.
 
“Material Breach” shall mean (a) one or more failures (irrespective of whether or not such failures pertain to related events) to pay any monies required to be paid under this Agreement or a Related Agreement exceeding $2,000,000 in the aggregate (and not disputed in good faith) when such monies become due and payable (other than (i) any Capital Contribution or loan that is approved by the Board upon Majority Consent or (ii) any Capital Contribution Commitment or Loan Commitment set forth in the Initial Annual Business Plan, the Initial Rolling Business Plan, any subsequent Annual Business Plan, or any subsequent Rolling Business Plan (with respect to each such subsequent Annual Business Plan and subsequent Rolling Business Plan, as approved by the Board upon Majority Consent), the failure of which to pay when due and payable shall be governed by Section 3.2.3), (b) any fraud or willful misconduct, (c) any failure of a Member to repay a Member Loan in accordance with its terms under which such Member is the borrowing Member, (d) any failure of a Non-Contributing Member to exercise the Purchase Option within the applicable time period set forth in the first sentence of Section 3.2.5 and then to consummate such Purchase Option in accordance with Section 3.2.5, or (e) any material breach of Section 11.1.2, 11.1.3, 14, 15 or 19.
 
“Medium Duty COE Truck” shall mean a cab over engine, on-highway truck (including any off-highway derivative of any on-highway truck) with a gross vehicle weight rating equal to or greater than eight (8) metric tons and utilizing an engine with displacement of less than nine (9) liters.
 
“Medium Duty Truck” shall mean any on-highway truck (including any off-highway derivative of any on-highway truck) with a gross vehicle weight rating equal to or greater than eight (8) metric tons and less than fifteen (15) metric tons.
 
“Member” or “Members” shall refer to Caterpillar and Navistar and any other Person that has been admitted as a member of the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
 
“Member Acquisition” is defined in Section 15.5.
 
“Member Loan” is defined in Section 3.2.3.2.1.
 
“Member Minimum Gain” shall mean an amount, determined in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(3) with respect to each “partner nonrecourse debt” (within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(4)), which equals the Minimum Gain that would result if such partner nonrecourse debt were treated as a “nonrecourse liability” (within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-1(a)(2)).
 
“Membership Interest” shall mean a Member’s interest in the Company, including the right, if any, to participate in the management of the business and affairs of the Company, including the right, if any, to vote on, consent to or otherwise participate in any decision or action of or by the Members and the right to receive information concerning the Business and affairs of the Company, in each case to the extent expressly provided in this Agreement or otherwise required by the Act.
 
“MPC” is defined in Section 10.4.
 
“Navistar” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Navistar Brand” shall mean any brand maintained or used by Navistar or any of its Affiliates for use or in connection with JV Trucks (including any engines, parts, and components used in JV Trucks).
 
“Navistar Competing Person” shall mean, as to any particular time, (a) a Person that is a competitor of any or all of the Business and any business of Navistar at such time, or (b) any Affiliate of such Person (provided, however, that neither Caterpillar nor any Affiliate of Caterpillar shall be deemed to be a Navistar Competing Person).
 
“Navistar Conventional Countries” shall mean Iraq, Afghanistan, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Poland, Romania, Italy, Israel, Egypt, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Yemen, Thailand, Colombia, Singapore, Greece and Portugal.
 
“Navistar Financial” shall mean Navistar Financial Corporation and its Affiliates.
 
“Navistar Indemnified Person” shall mean Navistar and its Affiliates and their respective successors, assigns, agents, employees, officers, and directors.
 
“Navistar Legacy Profit Amount” shall mean, with respect to each Fiscal Year and with respect to the Legacy Countries, the actual aggregate amount of profits earned by Navistar from sales of Medium Duty Trucks, Heavy Duty Trucks and replacement parts therefor in the Legacy Countries as calculated in accordance with the methodologies agreed upon by the Members.
 
“Navistar Truck Model” shall mean any JV Truck Model that, upon the determination of the Board by Majority Consent and the determination of Navistar in its discretion, shall be sold under the Navistar Brand by the Company from time to time.
 
“Navistar Vehicle” shall have the meaning set forth in the Strategic Alliance Agreement.
 
“Net Present Value of Increased Tax Liability” means the net present value of the increased income tax liability incurred by the remaining Member or Members of the Company in the event of a termination of the Company pursuant to Code Section 708 caused solely by a Transfer by one Member of a 50% interest in the profits and capital of the Company within the meaning of Code Section 708(b)(1)(B) within the 12-month period, calculated as to each remaining Member as the joint product of the following three variables:
 
(a)     the maximum U.S. federal corporate tax rate applicable at that time plus 3.5%;
 
(b)     the Percentage Interest in the Company of such remaining Member; and
 
(c)     the net present value of the difference (whether positive or negative) between:
 
(i)     the projected tax depreciation each year in the absence of a termination of the Company pursuant to Code Section 708; and
 
(ii)     the maximum tax depreciation available each year under tax law as of the time of calculation in light of the termination of the Company pursuant to Code Section 708, in each case determined with reference to the assets of the Company subject to tax depreciation at the time of termination for each year following the termination in which such property is expected to be depreciated.
 
For purposes of the net present value calculation, the differences in tax depreciation shall be discounted using an annual discount rate equal to 8.0%.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this definition, in no event shall the Net Present Value of Increased Tax Liability be a negative number, and in the event that the above calculation would otherwise result in a negative number, the Net Present Value of Increased Tax Liability shall be deemed to be $0.
 
“Non-Contributing Member” is defined in Section 3.2.3.2.2.
 
“Non-Core ROW Conventional Countries” shall mean all Non-Core ROW Countries excluding the Navistar Defense Conventional Countries.
 
“Non-Core ROW Country” or “Non-Core ROW Countries” shall refer to any country in the ROW that is not a Core ROW Country.
 
“Non-Disputed Remaining Assets” is defined in Section 21.5.3.1.
 
“Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning assigned to it in Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(1) and 1.704-2(c).
 
“North American Medium Duty COE Trucks” shall mean a cab over engine Medium Duty Truck without regard to engine displacement.
 
“North American Severe Service Truck Sales Agreement” shall mean that certain NASS Truck Sales Agreement by and between Navistar and Caterpillar entered into as of the date hereof.
 
“OEM” shall mean an original equipment manufacturer.
 
“Offer” is defined in Section 19.1.2.2(A).
 
“Offeror” is defined in Section 19.1.2.2.
 
“Offered Membership Interest” is defined in Section 19.1.2.2.
 
“Partner Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning assigned to it in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).
 
“Partnership Minimum Gain” has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(2), and the amount of Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in Minimum Gain, for a Fiscal Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(d).
 
“Party” or “Parties” is defined in the preamble.
 
“Percentage Interest” is defined in Section 3.1.2.
 
“Person” shall mean an individual, or a corporation, limited liability company, partnership (whether general or limited), joint venture, trust (including a business trust or real estate investment trust), unincorporated organization, joint stock company, association, or other entity, or any government, or any agency or subdivision thereof.
 
“Prior Aggregate Navistar Standard Warranty Reserve” is defined in Section 13.3.1.3.
 
“Product Support Services” is defined in Section 11.5.
 
“Profits” and “Losses” shall mean, for each Fiscal Year, an amount equal to the Company’s taxable income or loss, as applicable, for such Fiscal Year, determined in accordance with Section 703(a) of the Code (but including in taxable income or loss, for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Section 703(a)(1) of the Code), with the following adjustments:
 
(a)     any income or loss of the Company exempt from federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition shall be added to such taxable income or subtracted in computing such gain or loss;
 
(b)     any expenditures of the Company described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code (or treated as expenditures described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i)), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition, shall be subtracted from such taxable income or loss;
 
(c)     in the event the Gross Asset Value of any Company asset is adjusted in accordance with clauses (b) or (d) of the definition of Gross Asset Value, the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such asset for purposes of computing Profits or Losses;
 
(d)     depreciation, amortization and any other cost recovery deductions with respect to, and any gain or loss resulting from any disposition of, any asset of the Company whose adjusted tax basis differs from its Gross Asset Value shall be computed by reference to the Gross Asset Value of such asset;
 
(e)     gain or loss shall be computed on any asset that is distributed by the Company to any Member (whether pursuant to a liquidation of the Company or otherwise) by treating such asset as having been sold for its Fair Market Value, as determined by the Board by Majority Consent, on the date of such distribution;
 
(f)     items of income, gain, loss and deduction that are specially allocated pursuant to Section 18.5 shall not be taken into account; and
 
(g)     the deduction described in Section 199 of the Code shall not be taken into account.
 
“Purchase Option” is defined in Section 3.2.5.
 
“Purchaser Member” is defined in Section 21.6.4.
 
“Receiving Party” shall mean the Party receiving Confidential Information under Article 22.
 
“Regulatory Allocations” is defined in Section 18.5.9.
 
“Related Agreements” is defined in Section 1.6.
 
“Remaining Assets” is defined in Section 21.5.3.1.
 
“Representative” shall mean a member of the Board appointed by a Member in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
“Repurchase Price” shall mean, with respect to a Substitute Contribution that was credited to a Contributing Member’s Capital Account, an amount equal to (a) the amount of the Substitute Contribution, multiplied by (b) 1.15, multiplied by (c) the number of days elapsed from the date of the Substitute Contribution to (but not including) the day on which the Non-Contributing Member pays to the Contributing Member an amount in cash equal to the Repurchase Price, divided by (d) three hundred sixty-five (365).
 
“Required Funding Date” is defined in Section 3.2.3.1.
 
“Right of First Refusal” is defined in Section 19.1.2.2.
 
“Rolling Business Plan” is defined in Section 2.2.2.
 
“ROW” shall mean every country in the world other than the United States (which shall exclude all territories thereof other than Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico and the Mahindra Territory.
 
“Royalty-Bearing IP License Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.5.
 
“Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations for the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated pursuant thereto.
 
“Seller Member” is defined in Section 21.6.4.
 
“Sharing Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.10.
 
“Sourcing Council” is defined in Section 9.4.1.
 
“Standard Warranty” shall mean the warranty provided pursuant to the terms and conditions of sale with respect to any Medium Duty Truck, any Heavy Duty Truck or any replacement part therefor.  Any reserve that is recorded on the balance sheet of the Company with respect to Standard Warranty shall be calculated on a manufacturer’s cost basis (not on a dealer net price basis).
 
“Strategic Alliance Agreement” shall mean that certain Strategic Alliance Agreement between the Members dated as of the date hereof.
 
“Subsequent Staffing Plan” is defined in Section 7.1.
 
“Substitute Contribution” is defined in Section 3.2.3.2.2.
 
“Tax Matters Partner” shall mean the Member designated as such pursuant to Section 18.10.1.
 
“Termination Event” is defined in Section 21.2.
 
“Termination Event Member” is defined in Section 21.6.1.1.
 
“Three-Year Business Plan Capital Contribution Commitment” is defined in Section 2.2.2.
 
“Three-Year Business Plan Loan Commitment” is defined in Section 2.2.2.
 
“Trademark License Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.4.
 
“Transfer” shall mean a sale, assignment, transfer, exchange or other disposition.
 
“Treasury Regulation” shall include temporary and final regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations are amended from time to time.
 
“Triggering Member” is defined in Section 11.1.6.
 
“Truck Business Relationship Agreement” is defined in the recitals.
 
“Truck Sales Agreement” is defined in Section 1.6.7.
 
“Unanimous Consent” of the Members shall mean the approval, authorization, or ratification of all of the Members duly given, which approval may be given or withheld for any or no reason in the sole and absolute discretion of any Member.
 
“Valuation Notice” is defined in Section 21.6.2.1.
 
“Valuation Price” is defined in Section 21.6.2.1.
 
“Vocational” shall mean designed for use for one or more of the applications specified on Exhibit F to the Strategic Alliance Agreement and expressly excludes those applications specified as excluded on Exhibit F to the Strategic Alliance Agreement.
 
“Will-Fit Parts” shall mean any part for a Medium Duty Truck or a Heavy Duty Truck other than Navistar Brand parts, Caterpillar Brand parts, First-Fit Parts and All-Makes Parts.  For the avoidance of doubt, a Will-Fit Part is not installed by an OEM of such vehicle and is not a proprietary part of an OEM.
 
2 The Members to exchange an e-mail on or about the date of the Truck Business Relationship Agreement agreeing to the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan.  If the Members do not agree to update such business plans prior to the Effective Date, the form agreed to at the time of signing the Truck Business Relationship Agreement shall the Initial Annual Business Plan and the Initial Rolling Business Plan.
 
4 To be revised to sync with Severe Service allocation principles.
 
6 Need to determine what insurance will be necessary.
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Caterpillar, Navistar, and the Company have caused this Joint Venture Operating Agreement to be signed by their respective duly authorized representatives as of the day and year first above written.
 
CATERPILLAR INC.
 
By:  __________________________
     Name:
     Title:
NAVISTAR, INC.
 
By:  __________________________
     Name:
     Title:


NC2 GLOBAL LLC
 
By:  __________________________
     Name:
     Title:
  


SCHEDULE 2.3.5
LEGACY COUNTRIES

Algeria
Bahamas
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Curacao
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ghana
Granada
Guam
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Iraq
Israel
Jamaica
Kuwait
Morocco
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Oman
Panama
Peru
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Slovakia
Taiwan
Tanzania
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Uruguay
U.S. Virgin Islands
Venezuela
 
 
SCHEDULE 3.1.2
MEMBERS’ PERCENTAGE INTEREST

Member
 
Percentage Interest
 
Caterpillar
 
50%
 
Navistar
 
50%
 

 
 
SCHEDULE 15.3.3.2
EXISTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SALES OF ENGINE PARTS

[To come.]