Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-257039) pertaining to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (Prior Plan), the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, and the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Janux Therapeutics, Inc. of our report dated March 18, 2022, with respect to the financial statements of Janux Therapeutics, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2021.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Diego, California

March 18, 2022