Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements (unaudited), which include the accounts of Standard Premium Finance Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the financial statements that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements of Standard Premium Finance Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, have been omitted.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Overdraft

The Company considers short-term interest-bearing investments with initial maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. There are no cash equivalents at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company experienced a cash overdraft of $473,163 and $168,543 in its group of bank accounts at its primary lender as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As this group of bank accounts is funded by the Company’s line of credit (see Note 7), overdrafts are an expected part of the cash cycle. The Company is not charged any fees for overdrafts as the line of credit funds the operating accounts daily. The Company actively manages its cash balances to minimize unnecessary interest charges.

Revenue Recognition

Finance charges on insurance premium installment contracts are initially recorded as unearned interest and are credited to income monthly over the term of the finance agreement. An initial service fee, where permissible, and the first month’s interest, on a pro rata basis, are recognized as income at the inception of a contract. The initial service fee can only be charged once to an insured in a twelve-month period. In accordance with industry practice, finance charges are recognized as income using the “Rule of 78s” method of amortizing finance charge income, which does not materially differ from the interest method of amortizing finance charge income on short term receivables. Late charges are recognized as income when charged. Unearned interest is netted against Premium Finance Contracts and Related Receivables on the balance sheets for reporting purposes.

The provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) provide guidance on the recognition, presentation, and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. ASC 606 outlines the basic criteria that must be met to recognize revenue and provides guidance for disclosure related to revenue recognition policies. ASC 606 requires revenue to be recognized upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for services that are distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. In such cases, revenue would be recognized at the time of delivery or over time for each performance of service. However, ASC 606 exempts items under ASC 835-30 and ASC 310-20 (i.e. finance charges, late charges and origination fee income for the Company).

Premium Finance Contracts and Related Receivable

The Company finances insurance premiums on policies primarily for commercial enterprises. The Company amortizes these loans over the term of each contract, which varies from three to eleven monthly payments, and manages these loans on a collective basis based on similar risk characteristics. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the portfolio has an amortized cost basis of $71,175,771 and $63,602,075, respectively. Repayment terms are structured such that the contracts will be repaid within the term of the underlying insurance policy, generally less than one year. The contracts are secured by the unearned premium of the insurance carrier which is obligated to pay the Company any unearned premium in the event the insurance policy is cancelled pursuant to a power of attorney contained in the finance contract. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the amount of unearned premium on open and cancelled contracts approximated $99,500,000 and $87,600,000, respectively. The annual percentage interest rates on new contracts averaged approximately 17.7% and 16.8% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The carrying amount of the Premium Finance Contracts (“Contracts”) is reduced by an allowance for credit losses that are maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb credit losses inherent in the Contracts. The amount of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of the collectability of the Contracts, including the nature of the accounts, credit concentration, trends, historical data, specific impaired Contracts, current and forecasted economic conditions, and other risks inherent in the Contracts. The allowance is increased by a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense, and reduced by charge-offs, net of recovery.

To estimate expected credit losses on loans that exhibit similar risk characteristics, the Company considers historical loss information (updated for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of the amortized cost basis pool) using a loss-rate approach. The Company monitors the A.M. Best rating for insurance carriers whose policies are being financed as a factor of the quality of its contract receivables. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company did not expect any material degradation to the ratings of the insurance carriers it currently underwrites or anticipates underwriting in a way that would affect the allowance for credit losses.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include assumptions used in valuation of deferred tax assets, allowance for credit losses, depreciable lives of property and equipment, and valuation of stock-based compensation.

Concentration of Credit and Financial Instrument Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and loans receivable from customers, agents, and insurance companies. The Company maintains its cash balances at two banks. Accounts at these financial institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. Uninsured balances are $208,980 and $250,200 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company mitigates this risk by maintaining its cash balances at high-quality financial institutions. The following table provides a reconciliation between uninsured balances and cash per the consolidated balance sheets:

	September 30, 2024 (unaudited)			December 31, 2023
Uninsured Balance	$	208,980		$	250,200
Plus: Insured balances		250,000			250,000
Plus: Balances at institutions that do not exceed FDIC limit		2,150			45,239
Plus: Cash overdraft		473,163			168,543
Less: Outstanding checks		(932,143	)		(668,743	)
Cash per consolidated balance sheet	$	2,150		$	45,239

The Company controls its credit risk in accounts receivable through credit standards, limits on exposure, by monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies, by adhering to statutory cancellation policies, and by monitoring and pursuing collections from past due accounts. We cancel policies at the earliest permissible date allowed by the statutory cancellation regulations.

Approximately 66% and 61% of the Company’s business activity is with customers located in Florida for 2024 and 2023, respectively. Approximately 9% and 11% of the Company’s business activity is with customers located in Georgia for 2024 and 2023, respectively. Approximately 8% and 12% of the Company's business activity is with customers located in North Carolina for 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no other significant regional, industrial or group concentrations during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Amortization of Line of Credit Costs

Amortization of line of credit costs is computed using the straight-line method over the life of the loan.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Furniture and equipment 5 - 7 years

Computer equipment and software 3 - 5 years

Leasehold improvements 10 years

Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance

The Company is the owner and beneficiary of a life insurance policy on its president. The cash surrender value relative to the policy in place at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $693,606 and $650,237, respectively. In March 2024, the Company executed a $641,934 loan against the life insurance policy. The cash surrender value of the life insurance policy, net of the loan, was $48,847 and $650,237 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The loan accrues interest at a blended interest rate of 6.64% and has no maturity date. The loan was funded in April 2024. The Company paid interest on this loan of $10,315 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company paid interest on this loan of $18,483 and $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s carrying amounts of financial instruments as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 825, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”, including premium finance contracts and related receivables, prepaid expenses, drafts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, approximate their fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these instruments. The fair value of the line of credit and notes payable are based on current rates at which the Company could borrow funds with similar remaining maturities and the carrying value approximates fair value.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

Uncertain tax positions are recognized only when the Company believes it is more likely than not that the tax position will be upheld on examination by the taxing authorities based on the merits of the position. The Company has no material unrecognized tax benefits and no adjustments to its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows were required as of September 30, 2024.

Tax returns are open to examination by taxing authorities for three years after filing. No income tax returns are currently under examination by taxing authorities. SPFMC and SPFH recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. SPFMC and SPFH did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 718, “Stock Compensation,” which establishes the requirements for expensing equity awards. The Company measures and recognizes as compensation expense the fair value of all share-based payment awards based on estimated grant date fair values. Our stock-based compensation includes issuances made to directors, executives, employees and consultants, which includes employee stock options related to our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan and stock warrants. The determination of fair value involves a number of significant estimates. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the value of employee stock options and stock warrants which requires a number of assumptions to determine the model inputs. These include the expected volatility of our stock and employee exercise behavior which are based expectations of future developments over the term of the option.

Earnings per Common Share

The Company accounts for earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 260-10, “Earnings Per Share”, which establishes the requirements for presenting earnings per share (“EPS”). FASB ASC Topic No. 260-10 requires the presentation of “basic” and “diluted” EPS on the face of the statement of operations. Basic EPS amounts are calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS assumes the exercise of all stock options, warrants and convertible securities having exercise prices less than the average market price of the common stock during the periods, using the treasury stock method.

As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, stock options to purchase 111,200 and 207,400 shares of common stock were outstanding, respectively, and stock warrants to purchase 1,035,000 shares of common stock were outstanding as described in Note 11. 93,700 of these options vested on March 1, 2021, 93,700 stock options vested on March 1, 2022, 10,000 stock options vested on June 29, 2023, and the remaining 10,000 stock options vested on June 29, 2024. All the stock warrants vested immediately. In August 2024, the Company exchanged $10,000 of notes payable and $66,960 of notes payable – related parties for 96,200 shares of common stock at a price of $0.80 per share from the exercise of incentive stock options by two employees. The following table summarizes the effects of the outstanding options and warrants on earnings per share:

	September 30, 2024 (unaudited)		September 30, 2023 (unaudited)
Options included in the calculation of diluted EPS		91,200		197,400
Vested but antidilutive options		20,000		—
Nonvested options		—		10,000
Total options outstanding		111,200		207,400
Warrants included in the calculation of diluted EPS		—		635,000
Vested but antidilutive warrants		1,035,000		400,000
Total warrants outstanding		1,035,000		1,035,000

The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock can be converted to common stock at 80% of the prevailing market price over the previous 30-day period at the option of the Company. This preferred stock is dilutive as of September 30, 2024 and anti-dilutive as of December 31, 2023.

Leases

The Company recognizes and measures its leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, “Leases”. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception of a contract and when the terms of an existing contract are changed. The Company recognizes a lease liability and a right of use (ROU) asset at the commencement date of the lease. The lease liability is initially and subsequently recognized based on the present value of its future lease payments calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) - Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts on an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exceptions. The ASU also simplifies the diluted net income per share calculation in certain areas. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company did not experience any impact on the consolidated financial statements from the adoption of the standard.