UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(MARK ONE)
For the quarter ended
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Issuer’s telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company | |||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of May 11, 2023, there are
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
| March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Derivative warrant liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Class A convertible common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Class B convertible common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Class C common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Special Common Stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
1
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| General and administrative expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Franchise tax expense | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ||||||||
| Fair value adjustment on derivative warrant liabilities | ||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||
| Provision for income taxes | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, of Class A convertible common stock | ||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, of Class B convertible common stock | ||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, of Class C convertible common stock | ||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
2
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
| Class A Convertible Common Stock | Class B Convertible Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
3
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
(Unaudited)
| Class A Convertible Common Stock | Class B Convertible Common Stock | Class C Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – January 1, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2022 | — | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
4
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||
| Other receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents – End of period | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
5
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or sector for purposes of identifying a potential business opportunity and consummating a transaction, the Company intends to focus its search on business opportunities in the consumer industry. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity through March 31, 2023, relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”) and simultaneous private sale of warrants (“Private Warrants”), which is described below, and identifying a potential business opportunity. It is unlikely that the Company will generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a transaction, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income in the form of interest income.
The registration statement for the Company’s
Initial Public Offering was declared effective on September 21, 2020. On September 24, 2020, the Company consummated the Initial Public
Offering of
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial
Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of
Offering costs amounted to $
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering
on September 24, 2020, an amount of $
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a transaction successfully.
On September 21, 2022, the shareholders approved
to amend the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation by (i) eliminating the requirement to maintain $
6
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS (CONT.)
The Company initially had until September 21,
2022 to complete a business combination (the “Combination Period”). On September 21, 2022, the Company held a special meeting
of stockholders (the “Meeting”). The purpose of the Meeting was to approve the following amendments to the Company’s
certificate of incorporation:; to extend the date by which the Company had to consummate a business combination for one year, from September
21, 2022 to September 21, 2023, conditioned on the deposit of
At the Meeting, in connection with the extension, stockholders holding 15,453,391 shares of Class A common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account. As a result, $154,874,303 (approximately $10.02 per share), which included $340,393 of interest earned on the Trust Account which was not previously used to pay the Company’s tax obligation, was removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders. Following these redemptions, the Company had 2,046,609 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and the aggregate amount remaining in the Trust Account at the time was $20,511,170.
On October 17, 2022, the Sponsor elected to convert
On October 24, 2022, the Company’s Class A common stock, redeemable warrants and units (consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant) (collectively, the “Securities”) commenced trading on the OTC Pink; the Company previously announced its intention to voluntarily delist the Securities from the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and that the last day of trading on the NYSE would be October 21, 2022.
On December 14, 2022, any unseparated units of the Company (consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant) terminated trading and were subsequently separated.
On December 27, 2022, the Company announced the
completion of the redemption of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption, totaling
7
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS (CONT.)
On February 27, 2023, the Sponsor purchased
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any future periods.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standards at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
8
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT.)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023, the Company maintains cash and cash equivalents primarily in the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, an affiliated entity, which invests fully in instruments issued by the U.S. Government. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022.
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2022, the Trust Account was fully liquidated. Prior to liquidation the Trust Account had been held in money market funds which primarily invested in U.S. Treasury Securities.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company has classified all of the shares of Class A IPO common stock as temporary equity. Immediately upon the closing of the Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares of Class A IPO common stock resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. As a result of redemptions in September and December 2022, the Class A IPO Shares are no longer deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the Company with respect to the Class A IPO Shares so redeemed have ceased.
Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed statements of operations.
9
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT.)
Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements’ carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Net income (loss) per common share is computed
by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company has not
considered the effect of warrants to purchase
The Company has three classes of shares that participate in earnings, which are referred to as Class A convertible common stock (the “Common Stock”), Class B convertible common stock (the “Founder Shares”), and Class C common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro-rata between the three classes of shares. This presentation contemplates a transaction as the most likely outcome, in which case, all three classes of shares share pro rata in the income (loss) of the Company. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common stock is excluded from earnings as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock (in dollars, except share amounts):
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A | Class B | Class C | Class A | Class B | Class C | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
10
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT.)
Concentration of Credit Risk
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed interim financial statements.
NOTE 3—INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company
sold
NOTE 4—PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial
Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of
11
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 5—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On March 20, 2020, the Sponsor purchased
The over-allotment option was not exercised, consequently
On September 27, 2022, the Company’s Sponsor
contributed to the Company for purposes of making a deposit into the Company’s IPO Trust Account an aggregate of
On October 17, 2022, the Sponsor elected to convert
The Founder Shares are identical to the Class A common stock included in the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Founder Shares have the exclusive right to elect, replace and remove the directors of the Company. Holders of Founder Shares may also elect to convert their shares of Class B convertible common stock into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment as provided above, at any time.
Promissory Note—Related Party
On September 16, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to loan
the Company up to an aggregate of $
Administrative Support Agreement
The Company entered into an agreement whereby,
commencing September 24, 2020, the Company will pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $
12
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 5—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONT.)
Related Party Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection
with a transaction, the Sponsor, the Company’s officers or directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the
Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Such Working Capital Loans would be evidenced by promissory notes.
The notes would either be repaid upon consummation of a transaction, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At March 31, 2023, the Company invested $
NOTE 6—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration Rights
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into on September 24, 2020, the holders of the Founder Shares, Private Warrants (and their underlying securities) and any warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (“Working Capital Warrants”), if any, will be entitled to registration rights (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion of such shares to shares of Class A common stock). These holders will be entitled to certain demand and “piggyback” registration rights.
The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriters were entitled to a deferred
fee of $
On August 22, 2022, UBS agreed to waive its entitlement
to the deferred underwriting commission of $
Risks and Uncertainties
Management is continuing to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the ongoing macroeconomic impact of the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a potential business opportunity, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
13
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 6—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (CONT.)
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act
of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal
Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax will depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases, (ii) the structure of a transaction, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances, and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a transaction.
NOTE 7—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Preferred Stock — At
inception, the Company was authorized to issue
Common Stock — At inception,
the authorized common stock of the Company included up to
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there
were
Warrants—Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. No warrants will be exercisable for cash unless the Company has an effective and current registration statement covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock.
Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:
| ● | at a price of $0.01 per warrant; |
| ● | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like and subject to adjustment as described below) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and |
| ● | If, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of common stock underlying the warrants. |
14
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 7—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (CONT.)
If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. The Company liquidated the funds held in the Trust Account; holders of warrants did not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor did they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.
The Private Warrants will be identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchaser or its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
The below table outlines the Company’s capital structure as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| Share Class | Shares Outstanding | |||||||||
| Registered* | C | % | ||||||||
| Restricted** | C | % | ||||||||
| Total C Shares | % | |||||||||
| Restricted** | A | % | ||||||||
| Restricted** | B | % | ||||||||
| Total Outstanding Shares | % | |||||||||
| * |
| ** |
NOTE 8—INCOME TAX
The Company’s net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are as follows:
| Deferred tax asset | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Organizational costs/Start-up expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Federal Net Operating Loss | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax asset | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred tax asset, net of allowance | $ | $ | ||||||
The income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, consists of the following:
| Federal | March 31, 2023 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| State | ||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Income tax provision | $ | $ | ||||||
15
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 8—INCOME TAX (CONT.)
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryovers (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income.
In assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all of the information available, management determined that a full valuation allowance was required.
A reconciliation of the income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
| As of March 31, 2023 | As of March 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Statutory federal income tax rate | % | % | ||||||
| State taxes, net of federal tax benefit | % | % | ||||||
| Permanent Book/Tax Differences | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Change in valuation allowance | % | % | ||||||
| Effective income tax rate | % | % | ||||||
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction in various state and local jurisdictions and is subject to examination by the various taxing authorities.
NOTE 9—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:
| Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
| Level 2: | Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| Level 3: | Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. |
16
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 9—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONT.)
The following tables present information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.
| Description | March 31, 2023 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Description | December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants | $ | $ | — | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants | $ | $ | $ | $ | — | |||||||||||
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company
withdrew $
The fair value of the Company’s Public Warrants at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is based on observable inputs. The fair value of the Private Warrants prior to their transfer to Level 2 in Q4 2022 was based on a Monte Carlo simulation model, with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a binomial options pricing model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates to remain at zero. However, inherent uncertainties are involved. If factors or assumptions change, the estimated fair values could be materially different. As of December 31, 2022 and subsequent measurements, the measurement of the Private Warrants are classified as Level 2 due to the use of the closing price of the Public Warrants, an observable market quote for a similar asset in an active market.
The aforementioned warrant liabilities are not subject to qualified hedge accounting.
Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.
17
PMV CONSUMER ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
NOTE 9—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONT.)
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2022:
| Private Warrants | Public Warrants | Total | ||||||||||
| Derivative warrant liabilities – Level 3, at December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Change in fair value recognized in earnings | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Transfer of Private Warrants to Level 2 | ||||||||||||
| Derivative warrant liabilities – Level 3, at March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
NOTE 10—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the unaudited condensed balance sheet date up to the date that the unaudited condensed financial statements were issued and has concluded that all such events that would require adjustment of disclosure have been recognized and disclosed.
18
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References in this report (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors, and references to the “Sponsor” refer to PMV Consumer Acquisition Holdings Company, LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section of the Company’s final prospectus for its Initial Public Offering and/or the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on March 31, 2023 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company’s securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
We are a shell company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 18, 2020 for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business opportunity with one or more businesses or entities. Our efforts to identify a prospective business opportunity will not be limited to a particular industry or geographic location, although we are currently focusing our search for a business opportunity in the consumer industry. We intend to effectuate a business opportunity using cash from the proceeds of the IPO and the sale of the Private Warrants, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.
The issuance of additional shares of our stock in a transaction:
| ● | may significantly reduce the equity interest of our stockholders; |
| ● | may subordinate the rights of holders of shares of common stock if we issue shares of preferred stock with rights senior to those afforded to our shares of common stock; |
| ● | will likely cause a change in control if a substantial number of our shares of common stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and most likely will also result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and |
| ● | may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our securities. |
19
Similarly, if we issue debt securities or otherwise incur significant indebtedness, it could result in:
| ● | default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after a transaction are insufficient to pay our debt obligations; |
| ● | acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we have made all principal and interest payments when due if the debt security contains covenants that required the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves and we breach any such covenant without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; |
| ● | our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; and |
| ● | our inability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain additional financing while such security is outstanding. |
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities through March 31, 2023, were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the IPO, described below, and searching for a business opportunity with which to complete a transaction. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a transaction. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held after the IPO. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had a net loss of $98,590, which consists of interest income of $9,480, offset by general and administrative expenses of $100,154, franchise tax expense of $7,500 and provision for income taxes of $416.
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had a net income of $5,450,898, which consists of the change in the fair value of derivative warrant liabilities of $5,663,845 and interest income on marketable securities previously held in the trust account of $42,244, offset by general and administrative expenses of $205,191 and franchise tax expense of $50,000.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On September 24, 2020, we consummated the IPO of 17,500,000 Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $175,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, we consummated the sale of 6,150,000 Private Warrants to our Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $6,150,000.
Following the IPO and the sale of the Private Warrants, a total of $175,000,000 was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred $9,957,390 in offering costs, consisting of $3,500,000 of underwriting fees, $6,125,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $507,390 of other offering costs, of which $175,000 was offset with a credit paid by the Underwriter.
As of December 31, 2022, the Trust Account was fully redeemed. Prior to the full redemption of the Trust Account, interest income on the balance in the Trust Account had been used by us to pay taxes. Through December 31, 2022, $723,496 of interest earned was withdrawn to pay taxes for the Company and $175,546,898 of the Trust Account was redeemed in connection with the redemptions of the Class A convertible IPO shares.
To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete a transaction, the remaining cash will be used as working capital to finance operations, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
20
As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,170,283. We intend to use these funds primarily to identify and evaluate potential business opportunities, perform business due diligence on prospective business opportunities, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations associated with prospective business opportunities, review corporate documents and material agreements related to business opportunities, and structure, negotiate and complete a transaction.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, cash provided by operating activities was $21,126. Net loss of $98,590 was affected by net increase of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $119,716.
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was $224,122. Net income of $5,450,898 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities previously held in the Trust Account of $42,244, a change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities of $5,663,845 and net increase of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $31,069.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business opportunity, the Sponsor, or certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a transaction, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that a transaction does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital to repay such loaned amounts. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants identical to the Private Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per warrant, at the option of the lender.
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a business opportunity, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a transaction are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to a transaction. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing to complete a transaction, in which case we may issue additional equity securities or incur debt in connection with such transaction. In addition, following a transaction, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2023.
Contractual Obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We began incurring these fees on September 24, 2020 and will continue to incur these fees monthly for the foreseeable future.
On August 22, 2022, UBS agreed to waive its entitlement to the deferred underwriting commission of $4,593,750 to which it became entitled upon completion of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, subject to the consummation of a transaction. Thereafter, on December 27, 2022, in accordance with the provisions of its charter, the Company announced the completion of the redemption of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption (the “Class A IPO Shares”), which resulted in the forfeiture of the remaining $1,531,250 of deferred underwriting fees. Following the completion of the redemption of the Class A IPO Shares, the IPO Trust Account was terminated in complete liquidation of the assets held in trust, and the relevant provisions of the Company’s charter, including with respect to any business combination and the IPO Trust Account, were extinguished and are of no further legal force and effect. As a result, the Company derecognized the entire deferred underwriting fee payable of $6,125,000 and recorded $5,815,688 of the forgiveness of the deferred underwriting fee allocated to Public Shares to accumulated earnings (deficit) and the remaining balance of $309,312 was as a gain from extinguishment of liability allocated to warrant liabilities. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the deferred underwriting fee payable is $0.
21
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of the unaudited condensed financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:
Warrant Liability
We account for the warrants issued in connection with our IPO in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815 under which the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, we classify the warrants as liabilities at their fair value and adjust the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in our statement of operations.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company has not considered the effect of warrants to purchase 14,900,000 shares of Class A common stock that were sold in the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share, since the average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was below the Warrants’ $11.50 exercise price. As a result, diluted income (loss) per common share is the same as basic income (loss) per common share for the period presented.
Recent Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, “Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)” (“ASU 2020-06”), to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 was effective January 1, 2022 and should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. Adoption of the ASU 2020-06 did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed interim financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Through March 31, 2023, our efforts were limited to organizational activities, activities relating to our initial public offering and, since the initial public offering, the search for a business opportunity for which to consummate a transaction. We have engaged in limited operations and have not generated any revenues. We have not engaged in any hedging activities since our inception on March 18, 2020. We do not expect to engage in any hedging activities with respect to the market risk to which we are exposed.
As of March 31, 2023, we were not subject to any market or interest rate risk. The Company’s cash was invested in U.S. government treasury bills with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there was no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.
22
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Co-Principal Executive Officers and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Accounting Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based upon their evaluation, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that, based upon the existence of the material weakness described below, we did not maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than as described below, there were no changes during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Remediation Plan and Status
In light of the material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, management has taken steps to enhance and improve the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, including the following implemented steps: (i) on-boarded additional qualified personnel with the requisite experience and training to supplement existing accounting professionals; (ii) expanded and improved the review process for complex transactions and related accounting standards; and (iii) enhanced access to accounting literature.
We are working to remediate the material weakness as quickly and efficiently as possible and expect that the material weakness will be remediated in 2023. This expected timing incorporates management’s continued efforts to strengthen processes, controls and policies as described above, as well as the necessary steps required to perform a management assessment of our internal controls. Notwithstanding the material weakness described above, our management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operation and cash flows in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
23
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
You should understand that an investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in this section “Risk Factors,” alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The following is a summary of some of the risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor incorporated by reference or contained herein below.
Summary of Risk Factors
| ● | Our public stockholders are relying on management to locate a suitable business opportunity. We may not be successful in identifying a suitable business opportunity and, even if one is identified, no assurance can be provided that we will successfully negotiate and consummate a transaction. |
| ● | Our executive officers and directors will allocate their time to other businesses, thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to identify a business opportunity and complete a transaction. |
| ● | Certain of our executive officers and directors are now, and all of them may in the future become, affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those intended to be conducted by us and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. |
| ● | Our limited resources may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business opportunities, which may make it difficult for us to enter into a transaction. |
| ● | We may engage in a business opportunity with one or more businesses or entities that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our Sponsor, executive officers and directors, which may raise potential conflicts of interest. |
| ● | We will likely only be able to complete one business opportunity, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations and profitability. |
| ● | Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and changes in the value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results. |
The risk factors set forth below provide more detailed disclosure of the risks relating to our operations.
24
We are a recently formed company with no operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective.
We are a recently formed company with no operating results. Because we lack an operating history, you have no basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objectives. We have no plans, arrangements or understandings with respect to any business opportunity and may be unable to complete a transaction. If we fail to complete a transaction, we may never generate any operating revenues.
If we elect to take advantage of the controlled company standards, we would be exempt from various corporate governance requirements.
Certain listing rules generally define a “Controlled Company” as any company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group or another company. Only holders of the Founder Shares will have the right to vote on the election of directors. More than 50% of the Founder Shares are held by our Sponsor. Accordingly, we satisfy the definition of being a controlled company. We may in the future elect to take advantage of the controlled company standards, pursuant to which we would be exempt from various corporate governance requirements, such as the requirement to have a majority of independent directors and to have nominating/corporate governance and compensation committees comprised entirely of independent directors.
Because of our limited resources and the significant competition for business opportunities, it may be more difficult for us to complete a transaction and our warrants may expire worthless.
We expect to encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including private investors (which may be individuals or investment partnerships), blank check companies and other entities, domestic and international, competing for the types of business opportunities we intend to pursue. Many of these individuals and entities are well-established and have extensive experience in identifying and effecting, directly or indirectly, such business opportunities and/or operating in or providing services to various industries. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources or more industry knowledge than we do and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there are numerous business opportunities we could potentially pursue, our ability to compete for such business opportunities will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent competitive limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of certain business opportunities.
Holders of Class A common stock and Class C common stock will not be entitled to vote on any election of directors we hold.
Only holders of our Founder Shares will have the right to vote on the election of directors. Holders of our public shares will not be entitled to vote on the election of directors. Accordingly, you may not have any say in the management of our company.
Because we are neither limited to evaluating a business opportunity in a particular industry sector nor have we selected any specific business opportunities with which to pursue a transaction, you are unable to currently ascertain the merits or risks of any particular business opportunity.
Although we initially intend to focus our search for a business opportunity in the consumer industry, we are not limited to evaluating a business opportunity in any particular industry sector. As a result, there is no current basis to evaluate the possible merits or risks of any particular business opportunity. To the extent we complete a transaction, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the business opportunity. For example, if we pursue a business opportunity with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of sales or earnings, we may be affected by the risks inherent in the business and operations of a financially unstable or a development stage entity. Although our officers and directors will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular business opportunity, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors or that we will have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a business opportunity. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our securities will ultimately prove to be more favorable to you than a direct investment, if such opportunity were available, in a business opportunity.
25
Our success largely depends on the ability of our management team to operate and execute effectively.
Our success largely depends on the ability of our management team to effectively organize and consummate a business opportunity. Our management team is critical to the execution of our strategic direction and implementation of a business opportunity. It is difficult to predict with any certainty that we will be able to replace these individuals with persons of equivalent experience and capabilities should one or more members no longer be able to serve in their current capacity. If we are unable to find adequate replacements or to attract, retain and incentivize senior executives, other key advisors or new qualified personnel, such inability could have a material adverse effect on our ability to effect a business opportunity and final results of operations.
Past performance by our management team, our special advisors and their respective affiliates may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in us.
Information regarding performance by, or businesses associated with, our management team, our special advisors and their respective affiliates is presented for informational purposes only. Past performance by them is not a guarantee either (i) of success with respect to any business opportunity we may consummate, or (ii) that we will be able to locate a suitable business opportunity. You should not rely on the historical record of the performance of our management team, our special advisors and their respective affiliates or businesses associated with them as indicative of the future performance of an investment in us or the returns we will, or are likely to, generate going forward.
Any future involvement of our Sponsor and its affiliates, members of our management and companies with which they are affiliated in governmental investigations or civil litigation unrelated to our business affairs could materially impact our ability to consummate a business opportunity.
Our Sponsor and its affiliates, members of our management team and companies with which they are affiliated may become involved in governmental investigations and civil litigation relating to their business affairs unrelated to our Company in the United States or in other jurisdictions. Such matters, should they arise in the future, risk distracting them from attention to our affairs and may negatively impact our ability to attract suitable business opportunities and may ultimately impede our ability to consummate a transaction.
We may seek business opportunities in any industry our management chooses (which industries may be outside of our management’s areas of expertise).
We may consider a business opportunity in any industry our management chooses. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular business opportunity, we cannot assure you that we will adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors. We also cannot assure you that an investment in our securities will not ultimately prove to be less favorable to investors in this offering than a direct investment, if an opportunity were available, in a business opportunity. In the event we elect to pursue a business opportunity outside of the areas of our management’s expertise, our management’s expertise may not be directly applicable to its evaluation or operation, and the information contained in this prospectus regarding the areas of our management’s expertise would not be relevant to an understanding of the business that we elect to pursue. As a result, our management may not be able to adequately ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors.
We may seek business opportunities with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of revenue, cash flow or earnings, which could subject us to volatile revenues, cash flows or earnings or difficulty in retaining key personnel.
To the extent we effect a transaction with a financially unstable business or an entity lacking an established record of revenues or earnings, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in the operations of that business opportunity. These risks include volatile revenues or earnings and difficulties in obtaining and retaining key personnel. Although our officers and directors will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular business opportunity, we may not be able to properly ascertain or assess all of the significant risk factors and we may not have adequate time to complete due diligence. Furthermore, some of these risks may be outside of our control and leave us with no ability to control or reduce the chances that those risks will adversely impact a business opportunity.
We are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, or another valuation or appraisal firm that commonly renders fairness opinions, and consequently you may have no assurance from an independent source that the price we are paying in a transaction is fair to our stockholders from a financial point of view.
Unless we complete a transaction with an affiliated entity, we are not required to obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, or another valuation or appraisal firm that commonly renders fairness opinions, that the price we are paying is fair to our stockholders from a financial point of view. If no opinion is obtained, our stockholders will be relying on the judgment of our board of directors, who will determine fair market value based on standards generally accepted by the financial community.
26
Resources could be wasted in researching business opportunities that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to identify and effect a business opportunity. If we are unable to complete a transaction, our warrants may expire worthless.
We anticipate that the investigation of each specific business opportunity and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If we decide not to complete a specific business opportunity, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, if we reach an agreement relating to a specific business opportunity, we may fail to complete the transaction for any number of reasons, including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss to us of the related costs incurred which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to identify and effect another business opportunity.
We may reincorporate in another jurisdiction in connection and such reincorporation may result in taxes imposed on stockholders.
We may, subject to requisite stockholder approval under the DGCL, reincorporate in another jurisdiction. The transaction may require a stockholder to recognize taxable income in the jurisdiction in which the stockholder is a tax resident or in which its members are resident if it is a tax transparent entity. We do not intend to make any cash distributions to stockholders to pay such taxes. Stockholders may be subject to withholding taxes or other taxes with respect to their ownership of us after the reincorporation.
Our ability to successfully effect a business opportunity and to be successful thereafter will be totally dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of a business opportunity.
Prior to the completion of a transaction, our operations will be dependent upon a relatively small group of individuals and, in particular, our executive officers and directors. We believe that our success depends on the continued service of our officers and directors, at least until we have completed a business opportunity. In addition, our executive officers and directors are not required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities, including identifying potential business opportunities and monitoring the related due diligence. We do not have an employment agreement with, or key-man insurance on the life of, any of our directors or executive officers. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or executive officers could have a detrimental effect on us.
The role of key personnel in a business opportunity, however, cannot presently be ascertained. Although some key personnel may remain in senior management or advisory positions following a transaction, it is equally likely that some or all may be replaced. While we intend to closely scrutinize any individuals we engage in relation to a particular business opportunity, we cannot assure you that our assessment of these individuals will prove to be correct. These individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a company regulated by the SEC, which could cause us to have to expend time and resources helping them become familiar with such requirements. In addition, certain officers and directors may resign upon completion of a transaction. The departure of key personnel could negatively impact our operations and profitability. The role of key personnel cannot be ascertained at this time. Although we contemplate that certain members of the management team will remain associated post-transaction, it is possible that members of management will not wish to remain. The loss of key personnel could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our post-transaction business.
Our key personnel may negotiate employment or consulting agreements in connection with a particular business opportunity, and a particular business opportunity may be conditioned on the retention or resignation of such key personnel. These agreements may provide for them to receive compensation following a transaction and, as a result, may cause them to have conflicts of interest in determining whether a particular business opportunity is the most advantageous.
Our key personnel may be able to remain with our company post-transaction only if they are able to negotiate employment or consulting agreements. Such negotiations would take place simultaneously with the negotiation of the transaction and could provide for such individuals to receive compensation in the form of cash payments and/or our securities for services they would render to us with respect to such business opportunity. Such negotiations also could make such key personnel’s retention or resignation a condition to a transaction. The personal and financial interests of such individuals may influence their motivation in identifying and selecting a business opportunity, subject to their fiduciary duties under Delaware law.
27
We may have a limited ability to assess a prospective business opportunity and, as a result, may identify and effect a business opportunity whose management may not have the skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company, which could, in turn, negatively impact the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
When evaluating the desirability of effecting a business opportunity, our ability to assess management may be limited due to a lack of time, resources or information. Our assessment of the capabilities of the management team, therefore, may prove to be incorrect and such management may lack the skills, qualifications or abilities we suspected. Should management not possess the skills, qualifications or abilities necessary to manage a public company, the operations and profitability of the post-transaction business may be negatively impacted.
Our executive officers and directors will allocate their time to other businesses, thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our ability to effect a business opportunity.
Our executive officers and directors are not required to, and will not, commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our search for a business opportunity and their other businesses. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of a transaction. Each of our executive officers is engaged in several other business endeavors for which they may be entitled to substantial compensation, and our executive officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. Our independent directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. If our executive officers’ and directors’ other business affairs require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs in excess of their current commitment levels, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our ability to effect a business opportunity.
Our officers and directors presently have fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
We intend to engage in the business of identifying and effecting one or more business opportunities. Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have, additional fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present business opportunities to such entity. Accordingly, our officers and directors may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential business opportunity may be presented to another entity prior to its presentation to us, subject to their fiduciary duties under Delaware law.
Our officers and directors may in the future become affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those intended to be conducted by us, and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented.
We intend to engage in the business of identifying and effecting one or more business opportunities. Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have, additional fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present business opportunities to such entities. Accordingly, they may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and a potential target business may be presented to other entities prior to its presentation to us, subject to our officers’ and directors’ fiduciary duties under Delaware law.
In addition, our Sponsor and our officers and directors may sponsor or form other companies similar to ours or may pursue other business or investment ventures during the period in which we are seeking business opportunities. Any such companies, businesses or investments may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing business opportunities. However, we do not believe that any such potential conflicts would materially affect our ability to effect a business opportunity.
28
Our executive officers, directors, security holders and their respective affiliates may have competitive pecuniary interests that conflict with our interests.
We have not adopted a policy that expressly prohibits our directors, executive officers, security holders or affiliates from having a direct or indirect pecuniary or financial interest in any investment to be acquired or disposed of by us or in any transaction to which we are a party or have an interest. In fact, we may effect a business opportunity with an entity that is affiliated with our Sponsor, our directors or executive officers, although we do not intend to do so. Nor do we have a policy that expressly prohibits any such persons from engaging for their own account in business activities of the types conducted by us. Accordingly, such persons or entities may have a conflict between their interests and ours.
The personal and financial interests of our directors and officers may influence their motivation in timely identifying and selecting a business opportunity and completing a transaction. Consequently, our directors’ and officers’ discretion in identifying and selecting a suitable business opportunity may result in a conflict of interest when determining whether the terms, conditions and timing of a particular business opportunity are appropriate and in our stockholders’ best interest. If this were the case, it would be a breach of their fiduciary duties to us as a matter of Delaware law, and we or our stockholders might have a claim against such individuals for infringing on our stockholders’ rights. However, we might not ultimately be successful in any claim we may make against them for such reason.
We may effect a business opportunity with one or more entities that have relationships with entities that may be affiliated with our Sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders, which may raise potential conflicts of interest.
In light of the involvement of our Sponsor, executive officers and directors with other entities, we may decide to effect one or more business opportunities that are affiliated with our Sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders. Our directors also serve as officers and board members for other entities. Such entities may compete with us for business opportunities. Our Sponsor, officers and directors are not currently aware of any specific business opportunities involving any entities with which they are affiliated, and there have been no substantive discussions concerning a business opportunity with any such entity or entities. Although we will not be specifically focusing on, or targeting, any transaction with any affiliated entities, we would pursue such a transaction if we determined that such affiliated entity met our criteria for a business opportunity, and such transaction was approved by a majority of our independent and disinterested directors. Despite our agreement to obtain an opinion regarding the fairness to our company from a financial point of view of a business opportunity with one or more businesses affiliated with our sponsor, executive officers, directors or existing holders, potential conflicts of interest still may exist and, as a result, the terms of the business opportunity may not be as advantageous to our public stockholders as they would be absent any conflicts of interest.
We may issue notes or other debt securities, or otherwise incur substantial debt, to effect a business opportunity, which may adversely affect our leverage and financial condition and thus negatively impact the value of our stockholders’ investment in us.
Although we have no current commitments to issue any notes or other debt securities, or to otherwise incur outstanding debt, we may choose to incur substantial debt to effect a business opportunity. The incurrence of debt could have a variety of negative effects, including:
| ➤ | default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues are insufficient to repay our debt obligations; |
| ➤ | acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; | |
| ➤ | our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; | |
| ➤ | our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding; | |
| ➤ | our inability to pay dividends on our Class A common stock; |
29
| ➤ | using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our Class A common stock if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; | |
| ➤ | limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate; | |
| ➤ | increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and | |
| ➤ | limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt. |
We may only be able to effect one business opportunity, which will cause us to be solely dependent on a single business which may have a limited number of products or services. This lack of diversification may negatively impact our operations and profitability.
We may only be able to effect one business opportunity. By effecting a business opportunity with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory developments. Further, we would not be able to diversify our operations or benefit from the possible spreading of risks or offsetting of losses, unlike other entities which may have the resources to effect several business opportunities in different industries or different areas of a single industry. Accordingly, the prospects for our success may be:
| ➤ | solely dependent upon the performance of a single business opportunity; or |
| ➤ | dependent upon the development or market acceptance of a single or limited number of products, processes or services. |
This lack of diversification may subject us to numerous economic, competitive and regulatory risks, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact upon the particular industry in which we may operate.
We may attempt to simultaneously effect multiple business opportunities, which may hinder our ability to complete a business opportunity and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability.
If we determine to simultaneously effect several business opportunities, we may need for each to agree that effecting one business opportunity is contingent on the other business opportunities, which may make it more difficult for us, and delay our ability, to effect a business opportunity. With multiple business opportunities, we could also face additional risks, including additional burdens and costs with respect to possible multiple negotiations and due diligence and the additional risks associated with the subsequent assimilation of different business opportunities. If we are unable to adequately address these risks, it could negatively impact our profitability and results of operations.
We may attempt to effect a business opportunity with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in a transaction that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.
We may seek to effect a business opportunity with a privately held company. By definition, very little public information generally exists about private companies, and we could be required to make our decision on whether to pursue a potential business opportunity on the basis of limited information, which may result in a transaction that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all.
30
We may be unable to obtain additional financing to effect a business opportunity or to fund our operations and growth, which could compel us to restructure or abandon a particular business opportunity. If we are unable to effect a business opportunity, our warrants may expire worthless.
As we have not yet selected any prospective business opportunity, we cannot ascertain the capital requirements for any particular transaction; however, it is likely that we will require additional financing to effect a business opportunity. We cannot assure you that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The current economic environment has made it especially difficult for companies to obtain such financing. To the extent that additional financing proves to be unavailable when needed to effect a business opportunity, we would be compelled to either restructure the transaction or abandon that particular business opportunity and seek an alternative business opportunity. If we are unable to effect a business opportunity, our warrants may expire worthless. In addition, even if we do not need additional financing to effect a business opportunity, we may require such financing to fund our operations or growth. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on our continued development or growth. None of our officers, directors or stockholders is required to provide any financing.
Our Sponsor controls a substantial interest in us and thus may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support.
Given that it controls a substantial interest in us, our Sponsor may exert a substantial influence on actions requiring a stockholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including amendments to our certificate of incorporation.
We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.
Our warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment (which would include any public warrants purchased by our Sponsor or any of our officers or directors).
Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our shares of Class A common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
31
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30th, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.
Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may make it more difficult for us to effect a business opportunity, require substantial financial and management resources, and increase the time and costs of completing a transaction.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer and no longer an emerging growth company will we be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. Further, for as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. The development and maintenance of internal control to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to effect a business opportunity.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. Only holders of our Founder Shares will have the right to vote on the election of directors. Holders of our public shares will not be entitled to vote on the election of directors. This may entrench management and discourage unsolicited stockholder proposals that may be in the best interest of stockholders. Moreover, our board of directors has the ability to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock.
We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
32
Our certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.
Our certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel except any action (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (D) any action arising under the Securities Act, as to which the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall have concurrent jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder and may therefore bring a claim in another appropriate forum. We cannot be certain that a court will decide that this provision is either applicable or enforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision will be applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
Cyber incidents or attacks directed at us could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
We will likely depend on digital technologies, including information systems, infrastructure and cloud applications and services, including those of third parties with which we may deal. Sophisticated and deliberate attacks on, or security breaches in, our systems or infrastructure, or the systems or infrastructure of third parties or the cloud, could lead to corruption or misappropriation of our assets, proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data. As an early stage company without significant investments in data security protection, we may not be sufficiently protected against such occurrences. We may not have sufficient resources to adequately protect against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to, cyber incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have adverse consequences on our business and lead to financial loss or inability to effect a business opportunity.
There may be tax consequences that may adversely affect us.
While we expect to undertake any business opportunity so as to minimize taxes, a particular transaction could result in the imposition of substantial taxes. Additionally, depending on the date and size of our initial business combination, it is possible that at least 60% of our adjusted ordinary gross income may consist of personal holding company income. In addition, depending on the concentration of our stock in the hands of individuals, including the members of our Sponsor and certain tax-exempt organizations, pension funds, and charitable trusts, it is possible that more than 50% of our stock will be owned or deemed owned (pursuant to the constructive ownership rules) by such persons during the last half of a taxable year. Thus, no assurance can be given that we will not become a personal holding company following this offering or in the future. If we are or were to become a personal holding company in a given taxable year, we would be subject to an additional personal holding company tax, currently 20%, on our undistributed taxable income, subject to certain adjustments.
33
There may be uncertain or adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
There may be uncertain U.S. federal income tax consequences pertaining to certain transactions. For instance, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of a cashless exercise of warrants is unclear under current law. It is also unclear what impact the conversion rights with respect to our shares of Class A common stock would have on a U.S. holder’s holding period for purposes of determining whether any gain or loss realized by such holder on the sale or exchange of Class A common stock is long-term capital gain or loss and with respect to any dividends we may pay. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to these and other tax consequences when purchasing, holding or disposing of our securities.
If we pursue a business opportunity outside of the United States, we may face additional burdens in connection with investigating, agreeing to and effecting such business opportunity, and if we effect such business opportunity, we would be subject to a variety of additional risks that may negatively impact our operations.
If we pursue a business opportunity outside of the United States, we would be subject to risks associated with a variety of cross-border issues, including in connection with investigating, agreeing to and effecting a business opportunity, conducting due diligence in a foreign jurisdiction, having such transaction approved by any local governments, regulators or agencies and changes in the purchase price based on fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
If we effect a business opportunity outside of the United States, we would be subject to any special considerations or risks associated with operating in an international setting, including any of the following:
| ➤ | costs and difficulties inherent in managing cross-border business operations; | |
| ➤ | rules and regulations regarding currency redemption; | |
| ➤ | complex corporate withholding taxes on individuals; | |
| ➤ | laws governing the manner in which future operations may be affected; | |
| ➤ | exchange listing and/or delisting requirements; | |
| ➤ | tariffs and trade barriers; | |
| ➤ | regulations related to customs and import/export matters; | |
| ➤ | local or regional economic policies and market conditions; | |
| ➤ | unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; | |
| ➤ | longer payment cycles; | |
| ➤ | tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the United States; | |
| ➤ | currency fluctuations and exchange controls; | |
| ➤ | rates of inflation; | |
| ➤ | challenges in collecting accounts receivable; | |
| ➤ | cultural and language differences; |
34
| ➤ | employment regulations; | |
| ➤ | underdeveloped or unpredictable legal or regulatory systems; | |
| ➤ | corruption; | |
| ➤ | protection of intellectual property; | |
| ➤ | social unrest, crime, strikes, riots and civil disturbances; | |
| ➤ | regime changes and political upheaval; | |
| ➤ | terrorist attacks and wars; and | |
| ➤ | deterioration of political relations with the United States. |
We may not be able to adequately address these additional risks. If we were unable to do so, we may be unable to effect such business opportunity, or, if we do effect such business opportunity, our operations might suffer, either of which may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If a change in management occurs, and new management is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws, which could lead to various regulatory issues.
Our management may resign from their positions as officers or directors of the company and new management may take their place. New management may not be familiar with United States securities laws. If new management is unfamiliar with United States securities laws, they may have to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such laws. This could be expensive and time-consuming and could lead to various regulatory issues which may adversely affect our operations.
If we effect a business opportunity outside of the United States, substantially all of our assets could be located in a foreign country and substantially all of our revenue could be derived from our operations in such country. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects could be subject, to a significant extent, to the economic, political and legal policies, developments and conditions in the country in which we operate.
The economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, of the country in which our operations are ultimately located could affect our business. Economic growth could be uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy and such growth may not be sustained in the future. If in the future such country’s economy experiences a downturn or grows at a slower rate than expected, there may be less demand for spending in certain industries. A decrease in demand for spending in certain industries could materially and adversely affect our ability to find and/or effect an attractive business opportunity.
Exchange rate fluctuations and currency policies may cause our ability to succeed in the international markets to be diminished.
In the event we effect a business opportunity outside of the United States, all revenues and income would likely be received in a foreign currency, and the dollar equivalent of our net assets and distributions, if any, could be adversely affected by reductions in the value of the local currency. The value of currencies fluctuates and are affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Any change in the relative value of such currency against our reporting currency may affect the attractiveness of any business opportunity and/or our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if a currency appreciates in value against the dollar prior to the consummation of a transaction, the cost of a transaction as measured in dollars will increase, which may make it less likely that we are able to consummate such transaction.
35
We may face risks related to consumer and consumer-related products and services industries.
Business opportunities within the consumer and consumer-related products and services industries entail special considerations and risks. If we are successful in effecting a business opportunity within such industries, we may be subject to, and possibly adversely affected by, the following risks:
| ➤ | an inability to compete effectively in a highly competitive environment with many incumbents having substantially greater resources; | |
| ➤ | an inability to manage rapid change, increasing consumer expectations and growth; | |
| ➤ | an inability to build strong brand identity and improve customer satisfaction and loyalty; | |
| ➤ | limitations on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, that could cause a loss in revenue and any competitive advantage; | |
| ➤ | the high cost or unavailability of materials, equipment, supplies and personnel that could adversely affect our ability to execute our operations on a timely basis; | |
| ➤ | an inability to attract and retain customers; | |
| ➤ | an inability to license or enforce intellectual property rights on which our business may depend; | |
| ➤ | seasonality and weather conditions that may cause our operating results to vary from quarter to quarter; | |
| ➤ | an inability by us to successfully anticipate changing consumer preferences and buying trends and manage our product line and inventory commensurate with customer demand; | |
| ➤ | potential liability for negligence, copyright, or trademark infringement or other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we may distribute; | |
| ➤ | dependence of our operations upon third-party suppliers whose failure to perform adequately could disrupt our business; | |
| ➤ | our operating results may be adversely affected by changes in the cost or availability of raw materials and energy; | |
| ➤ | we may be subject to production-related risks which could jeopardize our ability to realize anticipated sales and profits; | |
| ➤ | regulatory changes that impact our ability to import products or material inputs on a cost effective basis; | |
| ➤ | changes in the retail industry and markets for consumer products affecting our customers or retailing practices could negatively impact customer relationships and our results of operations; and | |
| ➤ | our business could involve the potential for product recalls, product liability and other claims against us, which could affect our earnings and financial condition. |
Any of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our operations. However, our efforts in identifying prospective businesses opportunities will not be limited to consumer and consumer-related products and services industries. Accordingly, if we effect a business opportunity in another industry, these risks will likely not affect us and we will be subject to other risks attendant with the specific industry in which we operate, none of which can be presently ascertained.
Our search for a business opportunity, and any business or entity with which we ultimately consummate a transaction, may be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, which has and is continuing to spread throughout China and other parts of the world, including the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the United States to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19. A significant outbreak of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, and the any potential business opportunities we may identify, and any transaction we may consummate, could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may be unable to identify a potential business opportunity and/or complete a transaction if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors or other personnel, and/or vendors and services providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business opportunity will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. If the disruptions posed by COVID-19 or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time, our ability to identify a business opportunity, and/or consummate a transaction, or the operations of the business opportunity for which we ultimately consummate a transaction, may be materially adversely affected.
36
Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have a material adverse effect on our business.
As a public company, we are required to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Internal control over financial reporting is complex and may be revised over time to adapt to changes in our business, or changes in applicable accounting rules. We cannot assure you that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in the future or that a material weakness will not be discovered with respect to a prior period for which we had previously believed that our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Matters impacting our internal control over financial reporting may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis, or may cause us to restate previously issued financial information, and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions or investigations by the SEC, or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements is also likely to suffer if we report a material weakness in the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us by, for example, leading to a decline in the price of our shares/warrants and impairing our ability to attract a business opportunity and/or consummate a transaction.
Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and changes in the value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.
On April 12, 2021, the SEC Staff expressed its view that certain terms and conditions common to SPAC warrants may require the warrants to be classified as liabilities instead of equity on the SPAC’s balance sheet. As a result of the SEC Staff Statement, we re-evaluated the accounting treatment of our warrants, and determined to classify the warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in our statement of operations for each reporting period.
As a result, included on our balance sheets as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and contained elsewhere in this report, are derivative liabilities related to embedded features contained within our warrants. ASC 815-40 provides for the re-measurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.
Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to identify a potential business opportunity and/or negotiate and complete a transaction, and results of operations.
We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we will be required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our ability to identify a potential business opportunity and/or negotiate and complete a transaction, and results of operations.
On March 30, 2022, the SEC issued proposed rules (“2022 Proposed Rules”) relating to, among other items, enhancing disclosures in business combination transactions involving SPACs and private operating companies; amending the financial statement requirements applicable to transactions involving shell companies; effectively limiting the use of projections in SEC filings in connection with proposed business combination transactions; increasing the potential liability of certain participants in proposed business combination transactions; and the extent to which SPACs could become subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940. These rules, if adopted, whether in the form proposed or in revised form, may materially adversely affect our ability to engage financial and capital market advisors, identify a potential business opportunity and/or negotiate and complete a transaction and may increase the costs and time related thereto.
37
If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for us to complete a transaction or conduct other business activities.
If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including:
| ● | restrictions on the nature of our investments; and |
| ● | restrictions on the issuance of securities, each of which may make it difficult for us to identify a potential business opportunity and/or negotiate and complete a transaction. |
In addition, we may have imposed upon us burdensome requirements, including:
| ● | registration as an investment company; |
| ● | adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and |
| ● | independence, reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations. |
In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading in securities for purposes of Section (3)(a)(1)(A) thereof and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis for purposes of Section (3)(a)(1)(C) thereof. Our business is to identify a potential business opportunity and complete a transaction.
We do not believe that our principal ongoing activities centered on identifying a potential business opportunity and completing a transaction will subject us to the Investment Company Act under the definition of “investment company” contained in Section (3)(a)(1)(A) thereof. By having a business plan targeted at identifying a potential business opportunity and completing a transaction, we intend to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act.
However, we are aware of litigation against certain entities asserting that, notwithstanding the foregoing, those entities should be considered investment companies and the SEC has suggested in the 2022 Proposed Rules release that the extended period of investment of assets by similar such entities raise questions about their status as investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act.
A new 1% U.S. federal excise tax could be imposed on the Company in connection with redemptions.
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) was signed into federal law. The IRA provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases (including redemptions as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) of stock by publicly traded U.S. corporations and certain U.S. subsidiaries of publicly traded non-U.S. corporations (each, a “covered corporation”). Because our securities are publicly trading in the over-the-counter, we may be deemed a “covered corporation” for this purpose. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of Treasury has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out, and prevent the abuse or avoidance of, the excise tax. The IRA applies only to repurchases that occur after December 31, 2022.
Therefore, any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022 may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent we would be subject to the excise tax would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and, (ii) the nature and amount of the equity, and (iii) the content of regulations and other guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company, and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to identify a potential business opportunity and/or complete a transaction.
38
We filed a Form 25 with the SEC which became effective October 21, 2022, to voluntarily delist our common stock and public warrants from the NYSE and our securities are now available for limited quotation in the over-the-counter market and it is expected that any trading will be limited and sporadic.
Our delisting from the NYSE took effect on October 21, 2022; initially our shares of common stock and public warrants were trading on the NYSE and thereafter became eligible for quotation on the Pink tier of OTC Markets Group, if market makers commit to making a market in the securities. We can provide no assurance that trading in our securities will continue on the OTC Markets Group or otherwise. As a result of the delisting, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
| ● | a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
| ● | reduced liquidity with respect to our securities; |
| ● | a determination that our shares of common stock are “penny stock”, which will require brokers trading in our shares of common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our shares of common stock; |
| ● | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and |
| ● | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
Currently our securities are not eligible for proprietary broker-dealer quotations. All quotes will reflect unsolicited customer orders and, as a result, we expect any trading to involve a higher risk of wider spreads, increased volatility, and price dislocations and a general illiquid trading environment. Proprietary broker-dealer quotations may not commence until an initial review by a broker-dealer under the SEC’s Rule 15c2-11 which would enable brokers to publish competing quotes and provide continuous market making. No assurance can be provided that a liquid trading market will develop even if market makers begin proprietary quotations and thus, we expect investors will experience difficulty in trading our securities.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because they have been delisted, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities. This state level regulation introduces additional compliance requirements for brokers to consider making markets in our securities and will further negatively impact any trading liquidity in our securities.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
As described in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the Company’s interpretation and accounting for the extinguishment of a significant contingent obligation in 2022. As a result of the material weakness, our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022. We have taken a number of measures to remediate the material weakness. However, if we are unable to remediate our material weakness in a timely manner or we identify additional material weaknesses, we may be unable to provide required financial information in a timely and reliable manner and we may incorrectly report financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are quoted, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. The existence of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of us, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities. We can give no assurance that the measures we have taken and plan to take in the future will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. Even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We continue to evaluate steps to remediate the material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.
If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the price of our securities may decline as a result. We cannot assure you that any measures we may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses.
39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
On March 20, 2020, the Sponsor purchased 3,593,750 shares of Class B convertible common stock, the “Founder Shares”, for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.007 per share. On August 3, 2020, the Company effected a 1.4-for-1 forward stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of Class B convertible common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 5,031,250 Founder Shares being issued and outstanding. The Underwriters’ over-allotment option expired unutilized resulting in 656,250 shares of Founder Shares being forfeited. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 1,175,000 Founder Shares were issued and outstanding. The foregoing issuance was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
On September 24, 2020, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 17,500,000 Units, which did not include the full or partial exercise by the underwriters of the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 2,625,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit. The securities in the offering were registered under the Securities Act on registration statements on Form S-1 (No. 333-241670). The Securities and Exchange Commission declared the registration statements effective on September 21, 2020.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 6,150,000 warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant in a private placement to PMV Consumer Acquisition Holdings Company, LLC, generating gross proceeds of $6,150,000. The issuance was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
The Private Warrants are identical to the warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Private Warrants are not transferable, assignable or saleable, subject to certain limited exceptions.
Of the gross proceeds received from the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants, $175,000,000 was placed in the Trust Account. The Trust Account was terminated following the redemption of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption, which was completed on December 27, 2022, in accordance with the provisions of our charter, and all cash and stock held therein was released to holders of Class A IPO Shares in complete liquidation of the assets held in trust.
We paid a total of $3,500,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and $332,390 for other costs and expenses related to the Initial Public Offering, net of a $175,000 credit paid by the Underwriter.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information.
None
40
Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| * | Filed herewith. |
| (1) | Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 25, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference. |
41
SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp. | ||
| Date: May 11, 2023 | By: | /s/ Marc Gabelli |
| Name: | Marc Gabelli | |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: May 11, 2023 | By: | /s/ Robert LaPenta, Jr. |
| Name: | Robert LaPenta, Jr. | |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: May 11, 2023 | By: | /s/ John N. Givissis |
| Name: | John N. Givissis | |
| Title: | Chief Accounting Officer | |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
42
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CO-PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Marc Gabelli, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, if any, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: May 11, 2023
| /s/ Marc Gabelli | |
| Marc Gabelli | |
| Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CO-PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Robert LaPenta, Jr., certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, if any, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: May 11, 2023
| /s/ Robert LaPenta, Jr. | |
| Robert LaPenta, Jr. | |
| Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.3
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, John N. Givissis, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, if any, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: May 11, 2023
| /s/ John N. Givissis | |
| John N. Givissis | |
| Chief Accounting Officer | |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”),each of the undersigned, in the capacities and on the date indicated below, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
Date: May 11, 2023
| /s/ Marc Gabelli | |
| Marc Gabelli | |
| Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) | |
| /s/ Robert LaPenta, Jr. | |
| Robert LaPenta, Jr. | |
| Co-Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |
| /s/ John N. Givissis | |
| John N. Givissis | |
| Chief Accounting Officer | |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Class A convertible common Stock | ||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share | $ (0.02) | $ 0.25 |
| Class B Convertible Common Stock | ||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share | (0.02) | 0.25 |
| Class C Convertible Common Stock | ||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share | $ (0.02) | |
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
Class A
Convertible Common Stock
|
Class B
Convertible Common Stock
|
Class C
Convertible Common Stock
|
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated (Deficit) |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 | $ 437 | $ 66 | $ (14,194,809) | $ (14,194,306) | ||
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 | 4,375,000 | |||||
| Net income (loss) | 5,450,898 | 5,450,898 | ||||
| Balance at Mar. 31, 2022 | $ 437 | 66 | (8,743,911) | (8,743,408) | ||
| Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022 | 4,375,000 | |||||
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 | $ 300 | $ 117 | $ 20 | 1,032,490 | (303,666) | 729,261 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 | 3,000,000 | 1,175,000 | 204,200 | |||
| Net income (loss) | (98,590) | (98,590) | ||||
| Balance at Mar. 31, 2023 | $ 300 | $ 117 | $ 20 | $ 1,032,490 | $ (402,256) | $ 630,671 |
| Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 | 3,000,000 | 1,175,000 | 204,200 |
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||
| Net income (loss) | $ (98,590) | $ 5,450,898 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | (42,244) | |
| Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities | (5,663,845) | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||
| Other receivable | 42,424 | |
| Prepaid expenses | 46,989 | 34,748 |
| Income taxes payable | 416 | |
| Accrued expenses | 29,887 | (3,679) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 21,126 | (224,122) |
| Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 21,126 | (224,122) |
| Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning of period | 1,149,157 | 1,512,496 |
| Cash and cash equivalents – End of period | $ 1,170,283 | $ 1,288,374 |
Description of Organization and Business Operations |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS | NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
PMV Consumer Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2020. The Company was formed for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or sector for purposes of identifying a potential business opportunity and consummating a transaction, the Company intends to focus its search on business opportunities in the consumer industry. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity through March 31, 2023, relates to the Company’s formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”) and simultaneous private sale of warrants (“Private Warrants”), which is described below, and identifying a potential business opportunity. It is unlikely that the Company will generate any operating revenues until after the completion of a transaction, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income in the form of interest income.
The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on September 21, 2020. On September 24, 2020, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 17,500,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the shares of common stock included in the Units Sold, the “Public Shares”), at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $175,000,000, which is described in Note 3.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 6,150,000 warrants (the “Private Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant in a private placement to PMV Consumer Acquisition Holding Company, LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $6,150,000, which is described in Note 4.
Offering costs amounted to $9,957,390, consisting of $3,500,000 of underwriting fees, $6,125,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $507,390 of other offering costs, of which $175,000 was offset with a credit paid by the Underwriter.
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on September 24, 2020, an amount of $175,000,000 ($10.00 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants was placed in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) located in the United States, and was only invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), with a maturity of 180 days or less or in any open-end investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by the Company meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account, as described below. The Company’s management had broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds were intended to be applied generally toward consummating a business combination.
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a transaction successfully.
On September 21, 2022, the shareholders approved to amend the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation by (i) eliminating the requirement to maintain $5,000,001 of net tangible book value prior to or upon consummation of a business combination, and (ii) revising paragraph I of Article Sixth of the charter to permit prior to a business combination the issuance of common stock or securities convertible into common stock or the issuance of securities which vote as a class with the common stock on any manner by eliminating the restrictions on such issuance from paragraph I.
The Company initially had until September 21, 2022 to complete a business combination (the “Combination Period”). On September 21, 2022, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders (the “Meeting”). The purpose of the Meeting was to approve the following amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation:; to extend the date by which the Company had to consummate a business combination for one year, from September 21, 2022 to September 21, 2023, conditioned on the deposit of 200,000 shares of Class B common stock (to be converted into Class C common stock) into the Company’s Trust account; to increase authorized stock from 86,000,000 to 120,000,000 shares, of which 100,000,000 shall be shares of common stock, consisting of 45,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, 25,000,000 shares of Class C common stock and 20,000,000 shares of special common stock, and 20,000,000 shall be shares of preferred stock; to permit the Company’s board of directors to create special common stock in one or more series and to fix for each series the voting powers, designations, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof; to provide for (i) the right of a holder of Class A common stock to convert into Class C common stock on a one-for-one basis, (ii) the right of the Company to redeem Class A common stock in exchange for a pro rata share of the net cash (and not stock) held in the Company’s Trust Account, unless the holder elects to receive Class C common stock issued on a one-for-one basis, plus a pro rata share of any stock held in the Trust Account, and (iii) upon such redemption the extinguishment of the legal force and effect of the business combination and Trust Account provisions contained in paragraphs A through I of Article Sixth of the charter; to (i) eliminate the Class B common stock anti-dilution provisions that require adjustment to maintain the specified 20% class ownership, and (ii) provide for the right of a holder of Class B common stock to convert into Class C common stock on a one-for-one basis. All such amendments were approved at the Meeting. On September 27, 2022, the Sponsor contributed to the Company for purposes of making a deposit into the Company’s Trust Account of an aggregate of 200,000 shares of Class B common stock (to be converted into Class C common stock) to extend the date by which the Company has to consummate a business combination for one year, from September 21, 2022 to September 21, 2023.
At the Meeting, in connection with the extension, stockholders holding 15,453,391 shares of Class A common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the Trust Account. As a result, $154,874,303 (approximately $10.02 per share), which included $340,393 of interest earned on the Trust Account which was not previously used to pay the Company’s tax obligation, was removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders. Following these redemptions, the Company had 2,046,609 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and the aggregate amount remaining in the Trust Account at the time was $20,511,170.
On October 17, 2022, the Sponsor elected to convert 3,000,000 shares of its Class B common stock into 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. Following the conversion, the Sponsor owned 1,175,000 shares of Class B common stock, and the Company had 5,046,609 shares of Class A common stock outstanding.
On October 24, 2022, the Company’s Class A common stock, redeemable warrants and units (consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant) (collectively, the “Securities”) commenced trading on the OTC Pink; the Company previously announced its intention to voluntarily delist the Securities from the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and that the last day of trading on the NYSE would be October 21, 2022.
On December 14, 2022, any unseparated units of the Company (consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant) terminated trading and were subsequently separated.
On December 27, 2022, the Company announced the completion of the redemption of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption, totaling 2,046,609 shares issued in its IPO (the “Class A IPO Shares”), in accordance with the provision of its charter. Holders representing a total of 2,042,409 shares of the Class A IPO Shares called for redemption elected to receive a pro rata share of the cash, including the interest earned thereon net of interest that may be used by the Company to pay its taxes payable (and not any stock), held in the Company’s Trust Account. The $10.10 per share pro rata amount was calculated by dividing the number of Class A IPO Shares redeemed from each such holder by the total number of outstanding Class A IPO Shares. Holders representing a total of 4,200 shares of the Class A IPO Shares called for redemption elected to receive Class C common stock issued on a one-for-one basis for the number of Class A IPO Shares redeemed from each such holder, plus each such holder’s pro rata share of the 200,000 shares of Class C common stock held in the IPO Trust Account. The pro rata share of the Class C common stock held in the Trust Account was calculated by dividing the number of Class A IPO Shares redeemed from each such holder by the total number of Class A IPO Shares redeemed from all holders of Class A IPO Shares that elected to receive stock. The amount of cash that would otherwise have been paid to holders who redeemed for cash (totaling approximately $42,424) was released from the Trust Account and transferred to the Company. The Trust Account was terminated following the release of the cash and stock to holders of Class A IPO Shares in complete liquidation of the assets held in trust. The 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock owned by the Sponsor, were not redeemed and were expressly excluded from participating in, and were not otherwise entitled to, any of the cash and stock held in the Trust Account. The Class A IPO Shares redeemed are no longer deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the Company with respect to the Class A IPO Shares so redeemed have ceased. The Class C common stock received by holders who elected to receive stock has not been listed on a securities exchange. Following the redemption, the Company has outstanding 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 1,175,000 shares of Class B common stock, 204,200 shares of Class C common stock, 8,750,000 public warrants and 6,150,000 private placement warrants, as well as approximately $1,170,283 of cash and cash equivalents on hand available for working capital purposes.
On February 27, 2023, the Sponsor purchased 204,200 shares of Class C common stock from a holder, which were comprised of (i) 4,200 shares of Class C common stock, which were issued on a one-for-one basis for the number of shares of Class A common stock of the Company previously redeemed from the holder, and (ii) 200,000 shares of Class C common stock, which represent the holder’s pro rata share of the Class C common stock that were held in the Trust Account, for an aggregate purchase price of $42,000. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any future periods.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standards at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023, the Company maintains cash and cash equivalents primarily in the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, an affiliated entity, which invests fully in instruments issued by the U.S. Government. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022.
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2022, the Trust Account was fully liquidated. Prior to liquidation the Trust Account had been held in money market funds which primarily invested in U.S. Treasury Securities.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company has classified all of the shares of Class A IPO common stock as temporary equity. Immediately upon the closing of the Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares of Class A IPO common stock resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. As a result of redemptions in September and December 2022, the Class A IPO Shares are no longer deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the Company with respect to the Class A IPO Shares so redeemed have ceased.
Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements’ carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company has not considered the effect of warrants to purchase 14,900,000 shares of Class A common stock that were sold in the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share, since the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, was below the Warrants’ $11.50 exercise price. As a result, diluted income (loss) per common share is the same as basic income (loss) per common share for the periods presented.
The Company has three classes of shares that participate in earnings, which are referred to as Class A convertible common stock (the “Common Stock”), Class B convertible common stock (the “Founder Shares”), and Class C common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro-rata between the three classes of shares. This presentation contemplates a transaction as the most likely outcome, in which case, all three classes of shares share pro rata in the income (loss) of the Company. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common stock is excluded from earnings as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock (in dollars, except share amounts):
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage of $250,000. Any loss incurred, or a lack of access to such funds, could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed interim financial statements. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial Public Offering |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Initial Public Offering [Abstract] | |
| INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING | NOTE 3—INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 17,500,000 Units at $10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consisted of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7). |
Private Placement |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Private Placement [Abstract] | |
| PRIVATE PLACEMENT | NOTE 4—PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 6,150,000 Private Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,150,000. Each Private Warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 5). The proceeds from the Private Warrants were added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and were held in the Trust Account. |
Related Party Transactions |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
| RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | NOTE 5—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On March 20, 2020, the Sponsor purchased 3,593,750 shares of Class B convertible common stock (the “Founder Shares”) for an aggregate price of $25,000, or approximately $0.007 per share. As used herein, unless the context otherwise requires, “Founder Shares” shall be deemed to include the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion thereof. On August 3, 2020, the Company effected a 1.4-for-1 forward stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of Class B convertible common stock, resulting in an aggregate of 5,031,250 Founder Shares being outstanding, of which an aggregate of up to 656,250 shares were subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor to the extent that the underwriters’ over-allotment option was not exercised in full or in part so that the Sponsor would own, on an as-converted basis, 20% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares after the Initial Public Offering (assuming the Sponsor did not purchase any Public Shares in the Initial Public Offering).
The over-allotment option was not exercised, consequently 656,250 Founder Shares were forfeited on November 5, 2020. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the issued and outstanding shares of Class B convertible common stock is 1,175,000 shares.
On September 27, 2022, the Company’s Sponsor contributed to the Company for purposes of making a deposit into the Company’s IPO Trust Account an aggregate of 200,000 shares of Class B common stock (to be converted into Class C common stock) to extend the date by which the Company had to consummate a business combination for one year, from September 21, 2022 to September 21, 2023. Following the contribution, the Sponsor owned 4,175,000 shares of Class B common stock.
On October 17, 2022, the Sponsor elected to convert 3,000,000 shares of Class B common stock into 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. Following the conversion, the Sponsor owned 1,175,000 shares of Class B common stock.
The Founder Shares are identical to the Class A common stock included in the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except that the Founder Shares have the exclusive right to elect, replace and remove the directors of the Company. Holders of Founder Shares may also elect to convert their shares of Class B convertible common stock into an equal number of shares of Class A common stock, subject to adjustment as provided above, at any time.
Promissory Note—Related Party
On September 16, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company up to an aggregate of $150,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering pursuant to a promissory note (the “Note”). This loan was non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of (i) September 16, 2021, (ii) the completion of the Initial Public Offering, or (iii) the date on which the Company determines not to proceed with the Initial Public Offering. On October 13, 2020, the balance of $150,000 was repaid in full. As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there was no outstanding balance under this promissory note.
Administrative Support Agreement
The Company entered into an agreement whereby, commencing September 24, 2020, the Company will pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred fees for these services of $30,000 and $30,000 respectively. Administrative support fees included in accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed balance sheets at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were $302,000 and $272,000, respectively.
Related Party Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a transaction, the Sponsor, the Company’s officers or directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Such Working Capital Loans would be evidenced by promissory notes. The notes would either be repaid upon consummation of a transaction, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1,500,000 of the notes may be converted upon consummation of a transaction into warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Warrants. In the event that a transaction does not close, the Company may use cash on hand to repay the Working Capital Loans. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no Working Capital Loans outstanding.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At March 31, 2023, the Company invested $1,155,480 in the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, which is recorded in cash and cash equivalents on the condensed balance sheets. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract] | |
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | NOTE 6—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration Rights
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into on September 24, 2020, the holders of the Founder Shares, Private Warrants (and their underlying securities) and any warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (“Working Capital Warrants”), if any, will be entitled to registration rights (in the case of the Founder Shares, only after conversion of such shares to shares of Class A common stock). These holders will be entitled to certain demand and “piggyback” registration rights.
The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriters were entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per Unit, or $6,125,000.
On August 22, 2022, UBS agreed to waive its entitlement to the deferred underwriting commission of $4,593,750 to which it became entitled upon completion of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, subject to the consummation of the Transaction. On a December 27, 2022, the Company announced the completion of the redemption of its outstanding shares of Class A common stock subject to redemption, totaling 2,046,609 shares issued in its IPO, in accordance with the provision of its charter, which resulted in the forfeiture of the remaining $1,531,250 of the deferred underwriting fee. As a result, the Company derecognized the entire deferred underwriting fee payable of $6,125,000 and recorded $5,815,688 of the forgiveness of the deferred underwriting fee allocated to Public Shares to the carrying value of the shares of Class A common stock and the remaining balance of $309,312 was as a gain from extinguishment of liability allocated to warrant liabilities. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the deferred underwriting fee payable is $0.
Risks and Uncertainties
Management is continuing to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the ongoing macroeconomic impact of the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations and/or search for a potential business opportunity, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.
Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax will depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases, (ii) the structure of a transaction, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances, and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a transaction. |
Stockholders’ Equity Deficit |
3 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY DEFICIT | NOTE 7—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Preferred Stock — At inception, the Company was authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. On September 21, 2022, the Company amended the Certificate of Incorporation to authorize 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Common Stock — At inception, the authorized common stock of the Company included up to 75,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 10,000,000 shares of Class B convertible common stock. On September 21, 2022, the Company amended the Certificate of Incorporation to authorize 45,000,000 shares of Class A convertible common stock, 10,000,000 shares of Class B convertible common stock, 25,000,000 shares of Class C common stock and 20,000,000 shares of special common stock.
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 3,000,000 shares of Class A convertible common stock issued and outstanding, and 1,175,000 shares of Class B convertible common stock issued and outstanding, and 204,200 shares of Class C common stock issued and outstanding.
Warrants—Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. No warrants will be exercisable for cash unless the Company has an effective and current registration statement covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock.
Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:
If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of common stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. The Company liquidated the funds held in the Trust Account; holders of warrants did not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor did they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.
The Private Warrants will be identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchaser or its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.
The below table outlines the Company’s capital structure as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAX | NOTE 8—INCOME TAX
The Company’s net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are as follows:
The income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, consists of the following:
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryovers (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income.
In assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of all of the information available, management determined that a full valuation allowance was required.
A reconciliation of the income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction in various state and local jurisdictions and is subject to examination by the various taxing authorities. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | NOTE 9—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:
The following tables present information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company withdrew $723,496 of interest income from the Trust Account to pay for taxes and liquidation expenses.
The fair value of the Company’s Public Warrants at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is based on observable inputs. The fair value of the Private Warrants prior to their transfer to Level 2 in Q4 2022 was based on a Monte Carlo simulation model, with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations. The estimated fair value of the warrant liability is determined using Level 3 inputs. Inherent in a binomial options pricing model are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates to remain at zero. However, inherent uncertainties are involved. If factors or assumptions change, the estimated fair values could be materially different. As of December 31, 2022 and subsequent measurements, the measurement of the Private Warrants are classified as Level 2 due to the use of the closing price of the Public Warrants, an observable market quote for a similar asset in an active market.
The aforementioned warrant liabilities are not subject to qualified hedge accounting.
Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2022:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subsequent Events |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |
| SUBSEQUENT EVENTS | NOTE 10—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the unaudited condensed balance sheet date up to the date that the unaudited condensed financial statements were issued and has concluded that all such events that would require adjustment of disclosure have been recognized and disclosed. |
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any future periods.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standards at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023, the Company maintains cash and cash equivalents primarily in the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, an affiliated entity, which invests fully in instruments issued by the U.S. Government. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022.
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2022, the Trust Account was fully liquidated. Prior to liquidation the Trust Account had been held in money market funds which primarily invested in U.S. Treasury Securities.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company has classified all of the shares of Class A IPO common stock as temporary equity. Immediately upon the closing of the Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares of Class A IPO common stock resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. As a result of redemptions in September and December 2022, the Class A IPO Shares are no longer deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the Company with respect to the Class A IPO Shares so redeemed have ceased.
Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements’ carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company has not considered the effect of warrants to purchase 14,900,000 shares of Class A common stock that were sold in the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share, since the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, was below the Warrants’ $11.50 exercise price. As a result, diluted income (loss) per common share is the same as basic income (loss) per common share for the periods presented.
The Company has three classes of shares that participate in earnings, which are referred to as Class A convertible common stock (the “Common Stock”), Class B convertible common stock (the “Founder Shares”), and Class C common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro-rata between the three classes of shares. This presentation contemplates a transaction as the most likely outcome, in which case, all three classes of shares share pro rata in the income (loss) of the Company. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common stock is excluded from earnings as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock (in dollars, except share amounts):
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage of $250,000. Any loss incurred, or a lack of access to such funds, could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed interim financial statements. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023, which contains the audited financial statements and notes thereto. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, or for any future periods.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emerging Growth Company | Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standards at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. One of the more significant accounting estimates included in these financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the warrant liabilities. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2023, the Company maintains cash and cash equivalents primarily in the Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, an affiliated entity, which invests fully in instruments issued by the U.S. Government. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account | Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account
At December 31, 2022, the Trust Account was fully liquidated. Prior to liquidation the Trust Account had been held in money market funds which primarily invested in U.S. Treasury Securities.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption | Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
The Company has classified all of the shares of Class A IPO common stock as temporary equity. Immediately upon the closing of the Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares of Class A IPO common stock resulted in charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. As a result of redemptions in September and December 2022, the Class A IPO Shares are no longer deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders thereof as stockholders of the Company with respect to the Class A IPO Shares so redeemed have ceased.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities | Derivative Warrant Liabilities
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed statements of operations.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements’ carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) per Common Share | Net Income (Loss) per Common Share
Net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company has not considered the effect of warrants to purchase 14,900,000 shares of Class A common stock that were sold in the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share, since the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events and average market price of the Company’s Class A common stock for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, was below the Warrants’ $11.50 exercise price. As a result, diluted income (loss) per common share is the same as basic income (loss) per common share for the periods presented.
The Company has three classes of shares that participate in earnings, which are referred to as Class A convertible common stock (the “Common Stock”), Class B convertible common stock (the “Founder Shares”), and Class C common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro-rata between the three classes of shares. This presentation contemplates a transaction as the most likely outcome, in which case, all three classes of shares share pro rata in the income (loss) of the Company. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A common stock is excluded from earnings as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock (in dollars, except share amounts):
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage of $250,000. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ Equity Deficit (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of outlines our capital structure |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of deferred tax asset [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of net deferred tax assets |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of income tax provision |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of reconciliation of the income tax rate |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) | ||
| Federal depository insurance corporation coverage (in Dollars) | $ 250,000 | |
| IPO [Member] | ||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) | ||
| Warrants to purchase (in Shares) | 14,900,000 | |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | ||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual) | ||
| Warrants’ exercise price | $ 11.5 | $ 11.5 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of basic and diluted net income per share of common stock - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Class A [Member] | ||
| Numerator: | ||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ (67,540) | $ 4,360,718 |
| Denominator: | ||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 3,000,000 | 17,500,000 |
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ (0.02) | $ 0.25 |
| Class B [Member] | ||
| Numerator: | ||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ (26,453) | $ 1,090,180 |
| Denominator: | ||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 1,175,000 | 4,375,000 |
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ (0.02) | $ 0.25 |
| Class C [Member] | ||
| Numerator: | ||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ (4,597) | |
| Denominator: | ||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 204,200 | |
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ (0.02) | |
Initial Public Offering (Details) |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Mar. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
| |
| Initial Public Offering (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Sale of units | shares | 17,500,000 |
| Price per share | $ / shares | $ 10 |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | |
| Initial Public Offering (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Common stock, description | Each Unit consisted of one share of Class A common stock and one-half of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 7). |
Private Placement (Details) |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Mar. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
| |
| Private Placement [Member] | |
| Private Placement (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Purchase of warrants (in Shares) | shares | 6,150,000 |
| Warrant price per share | $ 1 |
| Aggregate purchase price (in Dollars) | $ | $ 6,150,000 |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | |
| Private Placement (Details) [Line Items] | |
| Warrant price per share | $ 11.5 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 27, 2022 |
Aug. 22, 2022 |
Aug. 16, 2022 |
Mar. 31, 2023 |
|
| Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items] | |||||
| Deferred fee per unit price (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.35 | ||||
| Deferred underwriters fee | $ 0 | $ 0 | |||
| Deferred underwriting commission | $ 4,593,750 | ||||
| Underwriting fee | $ 1,531,250 | ||||
| Income recognized | 6,125,000 | ||||
| Fee payable | 5,815,688 | ||||
| Warrant liabilities | $ 309,312 | ||||
| Excise tax, percentage | 1.00% | 1.00% | |||
| IPO [Member] | |||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items] | |||||
| Shares issued (in Shares) | 2,046,609 | ||||
| Underwriting Agreement [Member] | |||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items] | |||||
| Deferred underwriters fee | $ 6,125,000 | ||||
Income Tax (Details) - Schedule of net deferred tax assets - USD ($) |
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule Of Net Deferred Tax Assets Abstract | ||
| Organizational costs/Start-up expenses | $ 347,876 | |
| Federal Net Operating Loss | ||
| Total deferred tax asset | 347,876 | |
| Valuation allowance | (347,876) | |
| Deferred tax asset, net of allowance |
Income Tax (Details) - Schedule of income tax provision - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Schedule Of Income Tax Provision Abstract | ||
| Current | $ 416 | |
| Deferred | ||
| State | ||
| Current | ||
| Deferred | ||
| Change in valuation allowance | ||
| Income tax provision | $ 416 | |
Income Tax (Details) - Schedule of reconciliation of the income tax rate |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|
| Schedule of Federal Income Tax Rate To The Company's Effective Tax Rate [Abstract] | ||
| Statutory federal income tax rate | 21.00% | 21.00% |
| State taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Permanent Book/Tax Differences | (21.00%) | (21.80%) |
| Change in valuation allowance | 0.00% | 0.80% |
| Effective income tax rate | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |
| Interest income | $ 723,496 |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis - USD ($) |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Mar. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Line Items] | ||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants | $ 87,500 | $ 87,500 |
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants | 61,500 | 61,500 |
| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | ||
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Line Items] | ||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants | 87,500 | 87,500 |
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants | 61,500 | 61,500 |
| Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | ||
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Line Items] | ||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants | ||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants | ||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | ||
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Line Items] | ||
| Derivative Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Mar. 31, 2022
USD ($)
| |
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities [Line Items] | |
| Fair value begining balance | $ 3,937,845 |
| Change in fair value recognized in earnings | (2,338,845) |
| Transfer of Private Warrants to Level 2 | |
| Fair value ending balance | 1,599,000 |
| Private Warrants [Member] | |
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities [Line Items] | |
| Fair value begining balance | 3,937,845 |
| Change in fair value recognized in earnings | (2,338,845) |
| Transfer of Private Warrants to Level 2 | |
| Fair value ending balance | 1,599,000 |
| Public Warrants [Member] | |
| Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities [Line Items] | |
| Fair value begining balance | |
| Change in fair value recognized in earnings | |
| Transfer of Private Warrants to Level 2 | |
| Fair value ending balance |