10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

 ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from   to

Commission file number 001-39291

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware			84-4290188
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3920 Park Avenue	Edison	NJ	08820
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(732) 225-8400

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	EOSE	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock	EOSEW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes   ☐     No  ☒

The registrant had outstanding 158,064,466 shares of common stock as of November 1, 2023.

Table of Contents

		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ (Deficit) Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	9
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1a.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
Item 5.	Other Information	45
Item 6.	Exhibits	46
Signatures		48

1

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

All statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”), other than statements or characterizations of historical fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements appear in a number of places in this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, them. Because such statements are based on expectations as to future financial and operating results and are not statements of fact, actual results may differ materially from those projected. Factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to:    

•changes adversely affecting the business in which we are engaged;

•our ability to forecast trends accurately;

•our ability to generate cash, service indebtedness and incur additional indebtedness;

•our ability to raise financing in the future;

•our customer’s ability to secure project financing;

•the amount of final tax credits available to our customers or to Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act;

•uncertainties around our ability to meet the applicable conditions precedent and secure final approval of a loan in a timely manner or at all from the Department of Energy, Loan Programs Office, or the timing of funding and the final size of any loan if approved;

•the possibility of a government shutdown while we remain in the due diligence phase with the U.S. Department of Energy Loan Programs Office or while we await notice of a decision regarding the issuance of a loan from the Department of Energy Loan Programs Office;

•our ability to develop efficient manufacturing processes to scale and to forecast related costs and efficiencies accurately;

•fluctuations in our revenue and operating results;

•competition from existing or new competitors;

•the failure to convert firm order backlog and pipeline to revenue;

•risks associated with security breaches in our information technology systems;

•risks related to legal proceedings or claims;

•risks associated with evolving energy policies in the United States and other countries and the potential costs of regulatory compliance;

•risks associated with changes to U.S. trade environment;

•risks resulting from the impact of global pandemics, including the novel coronavirus, Covid-19;

•our ability to maintain the listing of our shares of common stock on NASDAQ;

•our ability to grow our business and manage growth profitably, maintain relationships with customers and suppliers and retain our management and key employees;

•risks related to adverse changes in general economic conditions, including inflationary pressures and increased interest rates;

•risk from supply chain disruptions and other impacts of geopolitical conflict;

•changes in applicable laws or regulations;

•other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” herein.

2

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and, except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. See also Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” disclosures contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional discussion of the risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in its forward-looking statements.

3

Part I - Financial Information

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,970	$	17,076
Restricted cash	3,439		2,725
Accounts receivable, net	1,578		1,666
Inventory, net	20,568		23,260
Vendor deposits	19,368		4,789
Notes receivable, net	64		36
Contract assets, current	2,401		1,859
Prepaid expenses	815		2,289
Other current assets	2,290		1,447
Total current assets	108,493		55,147
Property, plant and equipment, net	20,336		27,169
Intangible assets, net	309		240
Goodwill	4,331		4,331
Notes receivable, long-term, net	799		827
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	3,942		4,316
Long-term restricted cash	11,652		11,422
Other assets	4,216		3,336
Total assets	$	154,078	$	106,788
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	13,827	$	34,669
Accrued expenses	25,070		15,359
Operating lease liability, current	1,298		1,106
Long-term debt, current	3,211		2,872
Convertible notes payable, current - related party	—		2,688
Contract liabilities, current	3,285		3,850
Other current liabilities	93		32
Total current liabilities	46,784		60,576
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liability	3,471		4,130
Long-term debt	87,793		87,321
Convertible notes payable - related party	116,260		82,950
Interest payable - related party	2,706		—
Contract liabilities, long-term	956		956
Warrants liability - related party	22,954		78
Other liabilities	1,485		3,488
Total long-term liabilities	235,625		178,923
Total liabilities	282,409		239,499
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 15)

4

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 300,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares authorized, 156,378,778 and 82,653,781 shares outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	16		9
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Additional paid in capital	706,288		513,614
Accumulated deficit	(834,638)		(646,340)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3		6
Total shareholders' deficit	(128,331)		(132,711)
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit	$	154,078	$	106,788

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Total revenue	$	684	$	6,065	$	9,768	$	15,258
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	21,262		50,025		59,448		122,468
Research and development expenses	3,228		4,462		13,699		14,889
Selling, general and administrative expenses	13,076		14,651		40,169		48,045
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	955		496		7,151		2,501
Grant expense, net	—		—		—		4
Total costs and expenses	38,521		69,634		120,467		187,907
Operating loss	(37,837)		(63,569)		(110,699)		(172,649)
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(4,994)		(2,766)		(14,709)		(3,388)
Interest expense - related party	(4,449)		(2,960)		(32,962)		(7,798)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	61,804		(416)		(25,919)		12,094
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		(942)		(3,510)		(942)
Other income (expense)	421		41		(474)		(472)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	14,945	$	(70,612)	$	(188,273)	$	(173,155)
Income tax expense	13		110		25		45
Net income (loss)	$	14,932	$	(70,722)	$	(188,298)	$	(173,200)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(6)		(1)		(3)		4
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	14,926	$	(70,723)	$	(188,301)	$	(173,196)
Basic and diluted income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic	$	0.11	$	(1.12)	$	(1.65)	$	(3.00)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(1.12)	$	(1.65)	$	(3.00)
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic	138,005,222		63,065,884		114,209,090		57,705,811
Diluted	156,325,284		63,065,884		114,209,090		57,705,811

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid in capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balances on June 30, 2022	58,519,739	$	6	$	461,165	$	5	$	(519,005)	(57,829)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		3,616		—		—		3,616
Release of restricted stock units	139,846	—		—		—		—		—
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(38,534)	—		(77)		—		—		(77)
Issuance of common stock	15,461,238	2		36,672		—		—		36,674
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(70,722)		(70,722)
Balances on September 30, 2022	74,082,289	$	8	$	501,376	$	4	$	(589,727)	$	(88,339)
Balances on June 30, 2023	127,309,960	$	14	$	620,006	$	9	$	(849,570)	$	(229,541)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		4,456		—		—		4,456
Exercise of stock options	50,000	—		67		—		—		67
Release of restricted stock units	93,458	—		—		—		—		—
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(13,584)	—		(136)		—		—		(136)
Issuance of common stock	28,938,944	2		81,895		—		—		81,897
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(6)		—		(6)
Net income	—	—		—		—		14,932		14,932
Balances on September 30, 2023	156,378,778	$	16	$	706,288	$	3	$	(834,638)	$	(128,331)

7

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid in capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balances on December 31, 2021	53,786,632	$	5	$	448,969	$	—	$	(416,527)	$	32,447
Stock-based compensation	—	—		10,993		—		—		10,993
Exercise of warrants	600	—		7		—		—		7
Release of restricted stock units	567,453	—		—		—		—		—
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(166,690)	—		(929)		—		—		(929)
Issuance of common stock	19,429,177	3		41,275		—		—		41,278
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock	465,117	—		1,061		—		—		1,061
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		4		—		4
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(173,200)		(173,200)
Balances on September 30, 2022	74,082,289	$	8	$	501,376	$	4	$	(589,727)	$	(88,339)
Balances on December 31, 2022	82,653,781	$	9	$	513,614	$	6	$	(646,340)	$	(132,711)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		10,123		—		—		10,123
Exercise of stock options	250,000	—		335		—		—		335
Release of restricted stock units	1,606,791	—		—		—		—		—
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(303,655)	—		(587)		—		—		(587)
Issuance of common stock	72,171,861	7		182,803		—		—		182,810
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(3)		—		(3)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(188,298)		(188,298)
Balances on September 30, 2023	156,378,778	$	16	$	706,288	$	3	$	(834,638)	$	(128,331)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(188,298)	$	(173,200)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	10,123		10,993
Depreciation and amortization	7,316		3,847
Loss on debt extinguishment	3,510		942
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	7,151		2,501
Amortization of right-of-use assets	737		635
Non-cash interest expense	3,820		704
Non-cash interest expense - related party	25,324		3,121
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	25,919		(12,094)
Commitment fee for SEPA agreement settled by common stock - related party	—		1,061
Other	5,554		2,690
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	1,474		1,677
Inventory	2,692		(10,217)
Accounts receivable	96		(488)
Vendor deposits	(4,044)		3,960
Contract assets	(471)		(2,626)
Accounts payable	(17,770)		22,047
Accrued expenses	12,258		5,949
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party	—		(1,200)
Interest payable - related party	2,706		1,590
Operating lease liabilities	(830)		(528)
Contract liabilities	(565)		572
Note payable	—		(19,637)
Other	(4,280)		(1,428)
Net cash used in operating activities	(107,578)		(159,129)
Cash flows from investing activities
Investment in notes receivable	—		(261)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(21,186)		(18,778)
Net cash used in investing activities	(21,186)		(19,039)
Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(93)		(6)
Proceeds from exercise of options	442		—
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants	—		7
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes - related party	48,050		7,225
Payment of debt issuance costs - related party	(1,116)		—
Proceeds received from the Term Loan, net of discount	—		92,783

9

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Payment of debt issuance costs	(3,046)		(12,703)
Proceeds from equipment financing facility	—		4,216
Repayment of equipment financing facility	(2,110)		(1,208)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	81,897		29,139
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants - related party	49,250		5,000
Payment of equity issuance costs - related party	(2,080)		—
Repurchase of shares from employees for income tax withholding purposes	(587)		(929)
Net cash provided by financing activities	170,607		123,524
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5)		(1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	41,838		(54,645)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period	31,223		105,692
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	$	73,061	$	51,047
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued and unpaid capital expenditures	$	—	$	1,492
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid in kind	4,915		3,087
Fixed assets acquired with finance lease	125		—
Right-of-use operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities	363		2,112
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of Yorkville convertible notes	51,023		7,534
Accrued and unpaid debt issuance costs	—		5,231
Accrued and unpaid capitalized internal-use software	130		—
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest	$	11,269	$	2,490

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

1.Overview

Nature of Operations

Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Eos”) designs, develops, manufactures, and markets innovative energy storage solutions for utility-scale, microgrid, and commercial & industrial (“C&I”) applications. Eos developed a broad range of intellectual property with multiple patents covering unique battery chemistry, mechanical product design, energy block configuration and a software operating system (Battery Management System). The Company has only one operating and reportable segment.

Liquidity and Going Concern

As a growth company in the early commercialization stage of its lifecycle, Eos is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the development of an enterprise. In this regard, substantially all of the Company’s efforts to date have been devoted to the development and manufacturing of battery energy storage systems and complimentary products and services, recruitment of management and technical staff, deployment of capital to expand the Company’s operations to meet customer demand and raising capital to fund the Company’s development. As a result of these efforts, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future until such time that the Company can reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations.

In order to execute its development strategy, the Company has historically relied on outside capital through the issuance of equity, debt, and borrowings under financing arrangements (collectively “outside capital”) to fund its cost structure and expects to continue to rely on outside capital for the foreseeable future. While the Company believes it will eventually reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to achieve such profitability or do so in a manner that does not require its continued reliance on outside capital. Moreover, while the Company has historically been successful in raising outside capital, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to obtain outside capital in the future or do so on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

As of the date the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued (the “issuance date”), management evaluated the significance of the following negative financial conditions in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-40, Going Concern:

•Since its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash from operations in order to fund its development. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $188,298, incurred negative cash flows from operations of $107,578, and had an accumulated deficit of $834,638 as of September 30, 2023.

•As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $57,970 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund the Company’s operations, no additional borrowings available to fund its operations under pre-existing financing arrangements (see Note 12, Borrowings) and working capital of $61,709, inclusive of $3,211 of outstanding debt that is currently scheduled to mature within the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•While the Company has available capacity under certain pre-existing arrangements to issue shares of the Company’s common stock, including the at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program, (see Note 18, Shareholders’ Deficit) to aid in funding the Company’s operations, the Company’s ability to secure such funding is dependent upon certain conditions, such as investors’ willingness to purchase the Company’s common stock and at a price that is acceptable to the Company. Accordingly, as of the issuance date there is no assurance the Company will be able to secure funding under these pre-existing arrangements or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

11

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

1. Overview (cont.)

•Similarly, while the Company has historically been successful in raising additional outside capital to fund the Company’s operations, as of the issuance date no assurance can be provided the Company will be successful in obtaining additional outside capital or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. In this regard, the Company continues to progress through the Department of Energy (“DOE”) Loan Programs Office’s (“LPO”) process for its Title XVII loan. In August 2023, the DOE issued a Conditional Commitment Letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount of up to $398,600 through the DOE’s Clean Energy Financing Program. Certain technical, legal, and financial conditions must be met and due diligence to the satisfaction of the DOE must be completed before the DOE enters into definitive financing documents with the Company and funds the loan. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such a loan or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

•The Company is required to remain in compliance with a quarterly minimum financial liquidity covenant under its Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Senior Secured Term Loan”). While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of September 30, 2023, and expects to remain in compliance as of December 31, 2023, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on March 31, 2024 and thereafter. In the event the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the minimum financial liquidity covenant and the other nonfinancial covenants required by the Senior Secured Term Loan, and the Company is further unable to cure such noncompliance or secure a waiver, Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC may, at its discretion, exercise any and all of its existing rights and remedies, which may include, among other things, entering into a forbearance agreement with the Company, and/or asserting its rights in the Company’s assets securing the loan. Moreover, the Company’s other lenders may exercise similar rights and remedies under the cross-default provisions of their respective borrowing arrangements with the Company.

•Absent an ability to secure additional outside capital in the near term, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•In the event the Company’s ongoing efforts to raise additional outside capital prove unsuccessful, management will be required to seek other strategic alternatives, which may include, among others, a significant curtailment in the Company’s operations, a sale of certain of the Company’s assets, a sale of the entire Company to strategic or financial investors, and/or allowing the Company to become insolvent.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its 100% owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the information contained therein. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

12

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Government Grants

The Company records grants received or receivable from government agencies as an offset to the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate the Company. The costs of satisfying the Company’s obligations under the respective grant agreements are recognized as expense when incurred. The Company recognizes grant money once it is reasonably assured that the Company will comply with the conditions of the grant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting standards or updates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that would have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily earns revenue from sales of its energy storage systems and services including installation, commissioning, and extended warranty services. Product revenues, which are generally recognized at a point in time, and service revenues, which are generally recognized over time, are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Product revenue	$	662	$	6,055	$	9,586	$	15,120
Service revenue	22		10		$	182	$	138
Total revenues	$	684	$	6,065	$	9,768	$	15,258

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had two customers that accounted for 51.4% and 35.5% of the total revenue and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had one customer that accounted for 91.0% of the total revenue, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had two customers that accounted for 86.5% and 13.4% of the total revenue and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had one customer who accounted for 78.4% of the total revenue, respectively.

Lessor revenue

The Company leases battery energy storage systems to one customer through a sales-type lease with a 20-year term. No revenue was recognized from the sales-type lease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $0 and $1,166 from the sales-type lease, respectively.

13

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

3. Revenue Recognition (cont.)

Contract assets and Contract liabilities

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Contract assets, current and contract liabilities, current and long-term are included separately on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and contract assets, long-term are included under other assets.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	2,471	$	2,000
Contract liabilities	$	4,241	$	4,806

The Company recognizes contract assets for certain contracts in which revenue recognition performance obligations have been satisfied but invoicing to the customer has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received from customers in advance of the Company’s satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements. Contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Contract assets increased by $471 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to recognition of revenues for which invoicing has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities decreased by $565 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting $3,534 of revenue recognized from customers, partially offset by $2,969 in customer advance payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period.

Contract liabilities of $3,285 as of September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months and long-term contract liabilities of $956 are expected to be recognized as revenue over approximately the next one to two years. Contract assets of $2,401 as of September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months. Long-term contract assets of $70 are expected to be recognized as accounts receivable over approximately the next two years.

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash - current consists of escrow deposits related to U.S. Custom Bonds insurance and escrow deposits related to our credit card program agreements. Additionally, long-term restricted cash relates to interest that is required to be held in escrow per the Senior Secured Term Loan agreement in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of the four immediately following interest payments owed (see Note 12, Borrowings for further discussion).

The following table reconciles reported amounts from the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,970	$	38,431
Restricted cash (1)	3,439		1,885
Long-term restricted cash	11,652		10,731
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	73,061	$	51,047

(1) Restricted cash, current.

14

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

5. Inventory

The following table provides information about inventory balances:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	20,093	$	22,899
Work-in-process	475		361
Finished goods	—		—
Total inventory, net	$	20,568	$	23,260

6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about property, plant and equipment, net balances:

	Estimated Useful lives	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment	5 to 10 years	$	20,831	$	23,653
Finance lease	5 years	504		379
Furniture	5 to 10 years	1,944		1,868
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/ remaining lease	7,285		6,303
Tooling	2 to 3 years	5,392		6,926
Total		35,956		39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(15,620)		(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	20,336	$	27,169

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $2,144 and $1,571 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $7,255 and $3,817 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

7. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include patents valued at $400, which represents the cost to acquire the patents. These patents are determined to have useful lives and are amortized into the results of operations over ten years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $10 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $30 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to patents.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company capitalized $130 of costs for internal-use software. The software has a useful life and is amortized into the results of operations over 3 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $11 and $31 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to software.

8. Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration

Notes receivable primarily consist of amounts due to the Company related to the financing offered to certain customers. The Company reports notes receivable at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. The estimate of credit losses is based on historical trends, customers’ financial condition and current economic trends. The Company charges interest at a fixed rate and calculates interest income by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance.

15

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

8. Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration (cont.)

The Company had notes receivable, net of $863 and $863 outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an allowance for expected credit loss from the notes receivable of $2 and $2, respectively.

The customers to whom the Company offers financing through notes receivables are VIEs. However, the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Therefore, the VIEs are not consolidated into the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The maximum loss exposure is limited to the carrying value of notes receivable as of the balances sheet dates.

9. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll	$	4,501	$	2,706
Warranty reserve (1)	4,895		3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	3,037		840
Provision for contract losses	4,797		2,561
Insurance premium payable, current	2,438		2,607
Other	5,402		2,809
Total accrued expenses	$	25,070	$	15,359

(1) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	4,421	$	3,636	$	3,836	2,112
Additions for current period deliveries	58		962		455		2,463
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	416		—		1,124		1,321
Warranty costs incurred	—		(642)		(520)		(1,940)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	4,895	$	3,956	$	4,895	$	3,956

10. Government Grants

California Energy Commission

From time-to-time, the Company has entered into grant agreements with the California Energy Commission (“CEC”) for conducting studies to demonstrate the benefits of certain energy-saving technologies to utility companies and consumers in the State of California. Under such agreements, the Company is entitled to receive reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company covered by the grants.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, grant expense, net was $0 for both periods. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, grant (income) expense, net was $0 and $4, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had grant receivables related to the CEC in the amounts of $245 and $263, which were included in other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. There was no deferred grant income as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Related expenses incurred by the Company are offset against grant income earned or received from the CEC.

16

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

10. Government Grants (cont.)

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”)

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. The IRA has significant economic incentives for both energy storage customers and manufacturers for projects placed in service after December 31, 2022. Starting in 2023, there are Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”), that can be claimed on battery components manufactured in the U.S. and sold to U.S. or foreign customers. These tax credits available to manufacturers include a credit for ten percent of the cost incurred to make electrode active materials in addition to credits of $35 per kWh of capacity of battery cells and $10 per kWh of capacity of battery modules. These credits are cumulative, meaning that companies will be able to claim each of the available tax credits based on the battery components produced and sold through 2029, after which the PTC will begin to gradually phase down through 2032. In June 2023, the IRS issued temporary and proposed regulations related to applicable tax credit transferability and direct pay provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act. The Company has reviewed these regulations and believes they do not have a material impact on the financial statements.

Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money should be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant.

The PTC is recorded as the applicable items are produced and sold. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized PTC of $109 and $953 as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), respectively. As of September 30, 2023, grant receivable related to the PTC in the amount of $953 is recorded in other assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

11. Related Party Transactions

2021 Convertible Notes Payable

In July 2021, the Company issued $100,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible notes to Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. (the “2021 Convertible Notes”). In connection with these 2021 Convertible Notes, the Company paid $3,000 to B. Riley Securities, Inc., a related party, who acted as a placement agent. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information.

AFG Convertible Notes

In January 2023, the Company issued and sold $13,750 of 26.5% Convertible Senior PIK Notes due 2026 (“AFG Convertible Notes”) to Great American Insurance Company, Ardsley Partners Renewable Energy, LP, CCI SPV III, LP, Denman Street LLC, John B. Bending Irrevocable Children’s Trust, John B. Berding, and AE Convert, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company managed by Russell Stidolph, a related party as Mr. Stidolph is a director of the Company (together, the “Purchasers”). In connection with the issuance and sale of the AFG Convertible Notes, the Company entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with the Purchasers. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information.

Warrants Liability

The Company has issued private placement warrants to various counterparties since the initial public offering (“IPO”), some of which are exercisable and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party, for additional information.

17

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

11. Related Party Transactions (cont.)

In April 2023 and May 2023, respectively, the Company issued common stock and private placement warrants (the “April 2023 Transaction” and “May 2023 Transaction”, respectively). Refer to Note 18, Shareholders’ Equity and Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party for additional information.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA. Pursuant to the SEPA, the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville shares of its common stock at the Company’s request. On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. See Note 12, Borrowings for pre-advance loans in form of convertible promissory notes and Note 18, Shareholders' Deficit for additional information.

12. Borrowings

The Company’s debt obligations at carrying value consist of the following related and third-party borrowings:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Maturity Date	Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Notes Payable	June 2026	$	112,442	$	90,169	$	109,167	$	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	100,000		84,537		100,000		81,616
AFG Convertible Note	June 2026	15,390		26,091		—		—
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	6,467		6,467		8,577		8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note	June 2023	—		—		2,000		2,688
Total borrowings		234,299		207,264		219,744		175,831
Current portion		3,211		3,211		5,560		5,560
Total borrowings, non-current		$	231,088	$	204,053	$	214,184	$	170,271

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts, and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities.

Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related Party

On December 29, 2022, the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note (the “December 2022 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $2,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a second supplemental agreement to the SEPA (the “Second Supplemental Agreement”). In January 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 1,953,612 shares of common stock to Yorkville to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the December 2022 Promissory Note.

On February 1, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “February 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $5,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under the Second Supplemental Agreement. The fair value of the February 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $5,887, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the February 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $987, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

18

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

In February 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 3,879,706 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the February 2023 Promissory Note.

On March 17, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “March 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a third supplemental agreement to the SEPA. The fair value of the March 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $20,665, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the March 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $5,965, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In March and April 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 8,641,918 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the March 2023 Promissory Note.

On April 10, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “April 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a fourth supplemental agreement to the SEPA. The fair value of the April 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $25,319, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the April 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $10,619, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During the second quarter of 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 8,471,793 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the April 2023 Promissory Note.

The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment from the issuance of common stock from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes of $3,510 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

Embedded derivatives- Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related party

The conversion feature for each of the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes discussed above did not qualify for the scope exception to derivative accounting, therefore bifurcation was required for each issuance. Upon extinguishment of each Yorkville Promissory Note, the embedded derivatives were adjusted to fair value. This remeasurement resulted in net gains of $6,922 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is included in (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

At September 30, 2023, there were no outstanding Yorkville Convertible Notes.

19

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

2021 Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into an investment agreement with Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. The investment agreement provides for the issuance and sale to Koch Industries of the 2021 Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000. The maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes is June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption, or repurchase.

See Note 14, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of September 30, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the embedded conversion feature was $786 and $918, respectively. The gain (loss) from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative conversion feature for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $3,190 and $(369) and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $248 and $11,304, respectively.

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	1,686	$	1,590	$	4,960	$	4,677
Amortization of debt discount	1,365		1,065		3,822		2,532
Amortization of debt issuance costs	132		104		371		281
Total	$	3,183	$	2,759	$	9,153	$	7,490

The balances for the 2021 Convertible Notes are as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	112,442	$	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(21,027)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,032)		(2,402)
Embedded conversion feature	786		918
Aggregate carrying value	$	90,169	$	82,950

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the 2021 Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms under the Senior Secured Term Loan. Therefore, as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, interest payable attributable to the 2021 Convertible Notes was $1,686 and $0, respectively.

AFG Convertible Notes - Related Party

On January 18, 2023, the Company entered into the Investment Agreement with the Purchasers relating to the issuance and sale to the Purchasers of $13,750 in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s AFG Convertible Notes.

Contractual Interest Rates - The AFG Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 26.5% per annum, which is entirely paid-in-kind. All interest payments are made through an increase in the principal amount of the outstanding AFG Convertible Notes or through the issuance of additional notes (such interest is referred to herein as “PIK Interest”). Interest on the AFG Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30, commencing on June 30, 2023. It is expected that the Notes will mature on June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase.

20

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

Conversion Rights - The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder (the “Conversion Option”) at any time until the business day prior to the maturity date, including in connection with a redemption by the Company. The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, based on an initial conversion price of approximately $1.67 per share subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments. The Company has the right to settle conversions in shares of common stock, cash, or any combination thereof.

Optional Redemption - On or after June 30, 2024, provided that the Company has obtained stockholder approval, the AFG Convertible Notes are redeemable by the Company in the event that the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides the redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to the then current principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes (inclusive of all PIK Interest), plus the aggregate amount of all interest payments on the AFG Convertible Notes that the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes to be redeemed would have been entitled to receive had the AFG Convertible Notes remained outstanding to the maturity date.

Contingent Redemption - With certain exceptions, upon the occurrence of certain events and fundamental changes described in the AFG Convertible Notes Agreement, the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes may require that the Company repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes at a purchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Embedded Derivative - The Conversion Option includes an exercise contingency, which requires the Company to obtain shareholder approval for conversions subject to the Exchange Cap. If shareholder approval is not obtained, following commercially reasonable efforts, the Company will be required to settle the conversion in excess of the Exchange Cap in cash. Since settlement in cash may be required in absence of shareholder approval, the embedded conversion feature fails the equity classification guidance in ASC 815 and is thus precluded from being classified in equity. Therefore, the embedded conversion feature is required to be bifurcated from the AFG Convertible Notes and accounted for at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The embedded derivative is presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as a component of Convertible notes payable - related party. The fair value of the embedded derivative was $14,583 at September 30, 2023. The gain (loss) from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amounted to $24,208 and $(8,132), respectively. See Note 14, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of September 30, 2023 and as of the date of issuance.

The fair value of the AFG Convertible Notes at issuance was $16,623, which was greater than the proceeds received. The Company recorded the difference of $2,873 as interest expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

21

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,020	$	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	192		550
Amortization of debt issuance costs	54		155
Total	$	1,266	$	3,364

The balance for the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	September 30, 2023
Principal	$	15,390
Unamortized debt discount	(3,028)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(854)
Embedded conversion feature	14,583
Aggregate carrying value	$	26,091

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. Therefore, as of September 30, 2023, interest payable attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes was $1,020.

Senior Secured Term Loan

On July 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $100,000 Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement with Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC., as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had total borrowings of $100,000 under the Senior Secured Term Loan.

The Senior Secured Term Loan is scheduled to mature on the earlier of (i) July 29, 2026, and (ii) 91 days prior to the current maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes of June 30, 2026. The Company has the right at any time to prepay any Borrowing in whole or in part in an amount of not less than $500.

The outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Term Loan bears interest, at the applicable margin plus, at the Company’s election, either (i) the benchmark secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), which is a per annum rate equal to (y) the Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the agreement) plus 0.2616%, or (ii) the alternate base rate (“ABR”), which is a per annum rate equal to the greatest of (x) the Prime Rate (as defined in the agreement), (y) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 0.5% and (z) the SOFR. The applicable margin under the Credit Agreement is 8.5% per annum with respect to SOFR loans, and 7.5% per annum with respect to ABR loans. Interest on the Senior Secured Term Loan accrues at a variable interest rate, and interest payments are due quarterly. The Company may elect to convert SOFR Loans to ABR (and ABR Loans to SOFR). As of September 30, 2023, the interest rate in effect for the Senior Secured Term Loan for the third quarter of 2023 interest payment was 14.00%.

Any repayment of principal prior to the second anniversary of the issuance date is subject to a call premium. The call premium is equal to the present value of all interest payments due through June 30, 2024, calculated using a discount rate equal to the applicable treasury rate as of the repayment date plus 50 basis points. The Company deemed that the fair value of the embedded derivative features which qualify for bifurcation was de minimis.

22

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

Concurrently, the Company entered into a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement which secures and guarantees the Senior Secured Term Loan with substantially all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, other than the Company’s equity interests in Hi-Power and assets of Hi-Power. Additionally, interest is required to be escrowed in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of the four immediately following interest payments owed on the Loans which was $11,652 at September 30, 2023. This escrowed and restricted cash is presented on a separate line item on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as long-term restricted cash.

The agreements also contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. They limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments, including cash dividends on its common stock, make certain investments, loans and advances, enter into mergers and acquisitions, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its assets, enter into transactions with its affiliates and engage in sale and leaseback transactions, among other restrictions. Furthermore, the limitation on the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness also requires payment of principal and interest in kind on the 2021 Convertible Notes. While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of September 30, 2023 and currently expects to remain in compliance as of December 31, 2023, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on March 31, 2024 and thereafter (see Note 1, Overview for further discussion).

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	3,540	$	1,861	$	10,366	$	1,861
Amortization of debt discount	105		53		297		53
Amortization of debt issuance costs	929		495		2,624		495
Total	$	4,574	$	2,409	$	13,287	$	2,409

The Senior Secured Term Loan balance is as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	100,000	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,569)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,894)		(16,518)
Aggregate carrying value	$	84,537	$	81,616

Equipment Financing facility

The Company entered into an agreement on September 30, 2021 with Trinity Capital Inc. (“Trinity”) for a $25,000 equipment financing facility, the proceeds of which will be used to acquire certain manufacturing equipment, subject to Trinity’s approval. Each draw is executed under a separate payment schedule (a “Schedule”) that constitutes a separate financial instrument. The financing fees included in each Schedule are established through monthly payment factors determined by Trinity. Such monthly payment factors are based on the Prime Rate reported in The Wall Street Journal in effect on the first day of the month in which a Schedule is executed. The Company has drawn a portion of the facility as follows:

Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

23

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

12. Borrowings (cont.)

On September 30, 2022, the equipment facility’s unused commitment of $13,784 expired.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total equipment financing debt outstanding was $6,467 and $8,577, respectively of which $3,211 and $2,872 are recorded as a current liability on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The Company recognized $265 and $190 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $874 and $615 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as interest expense attributable to the equipment financing agreement, respectively.

13. Warrants Liability - Related Party

The Company issued private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock to the sponsor of B. Riley Principal Merger Corp. II (“BMRG”) in conjunction with its initial public offering in 2020 (the “IPO warrants”). As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, BMRG had 274,400 and 325,000 IPO warrants outstanding, respectively, with fair values of $114 and $78, respectively.

In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of common stock and 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and in May 2023, the Company issued another 3,601,980 shares of common stock and 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock. The proceeds from the April 2023 and May 2023 Transactions were $40,000, and $8,000, respectively. The fair value of the warrants and common stock for the April 2023 and May 2023 Transactions at issuance was $66,366 and $13,267, respectively, which was greater than the proceeds. As such, the Company recorded the excess as losses in the amounts of $26,366 and $5,267, respectively, as a component of (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The warrants issued as part of the April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transaction (“April 2023 warrants” and “May 2023 warrants”, respectively) are classified as Level 3 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy (refer to Note 15, Fair Value Measurement). As of September 30, 2023, the April 2023 and May 2023 warrants were outstanding with fair values of $18,415 and $4,425, respectively.

For all warrants in aggregate, the change in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amounted to decreases in the liability of $34,406 and $6,677, respectively. The change in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 amounted to $(47) and $790, respectively. These changes have been recognized in (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

14. Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, warrants, convertible notes payable — related party, contract liabilities and long-term debt.

Accounting standards establish a hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Accounting standards require financial assets and liabilities to be classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and the exercise of this judgment may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

24

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

14. Fair Value Measurement (cont.)

The table below summarizes the fair values of certain liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and their designations among the three fair value measurement categories:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants	$	—	$	114	$	22,840	$	—	$	78	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	15,369	$	—	$	—	$	1,945

Warrants Liabilities

The IPO warrants are classified as Level 2 financial instruments in the table above. They are valued on the basis of the quoted price of the Company’s public warrants, adjusted for insignificant difference between the public warrants and the private placement warrants.

The April 2023 warrants and May 2023 warrants are classified as Level 3 financial instruments in the table above. The Company estimated the fair value of the April 2023 warrants and May 2023 warrants using the Black-Scholes model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, risk-free interest rate, volatility, and time to expiration. The volatility involves unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the April 2023 and May 2023 warrants are as follows:

April 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			April 12, 2023
Time to expiration	5.04 years			5.51 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.61
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%
May 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			May 15, 2023
Time to expiration	4.79 years			5.17 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.31
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

Embedded derivatives

The Company estimated the fair value of the embedded conversion features using a binomial lattice model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, the effective debt yield and expected volatility. The effective debt yield and volatility involve unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are as follows:

25

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

14. Fair Value Measurement (cont.)

2021 Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	4.1	%
Volatility	70.0	%	80.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	25.0	%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		January 18, 2023
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	3.6	%
Volatility	70.0	%	70.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	40.0	%

Level 3 liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs. The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are designated as Level 3:

Level 3	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	42,767	$	707	$	1,945	$	12,359
Additions	—		—		42,191		21
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(27,398)		369		(28,767)		(11,304)
Balance at end of the period	$	15,369	$	1,076	$	15,369	$	1,076
Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	56,905	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—		29,553		—
Gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(34,065)		—		(6,713)		—
Balance at end of the period	$	22,840	$	—	$	22,840	$	—

26

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

14. Fair Value Measurement (cont.)

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	3	$	863	$	703	$	863	$	677
2021 Convertible Notes*	3	90,169		53,997		82,950		62,421
Senior Secured Term Loan	3	84,537		54,256		81,616		77,576
AFG Convertible Notes*	3	26,091		27,451		—		—
Equipment financing facility	3	6,467		2,877		8,577		6,282
Yorkville Convertible Notes*	3	—		—		2,688		2,908
Total		$	208,127	$	139,284	$	176,694	$	149,864

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

The Company has lease commitments under lease agreements. As of September 30, 2023, future lease payments amounted to $5,736.

Minimum Volume Commitment

In June 2022, the Company entered into a long-term supply agreement with a minimum volume commitment with a third party, which provides services to process certain raw materials. Any purchase order issued under this supply agreement will be non-cancellable. To the extent the Company fails to order the guaranteed minimum volume defined in the contract at the end of the term, the Company is required to pay the counterparty an amount equal to the shortfall, if any, multiplied by a fee. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had open purchase commitments of $148 under this agreement. The Company believes it will meet the minimum volume commitment and no shortfall penalty has been accrued as of as of September 30, 2023.

Legal Proceedings

Delaware Section 205 Petition

On November 12, 2020, BMRG, the predecessor to the Company, held a special meeting of stockholders (the “BMRG Special Meeting”) to approve certain matters relating to the business combination between BMRG and Eos Energy Storage LLC.

One of these matters was a proposal to amend and restate BMRG’s certificate of incorporation in order to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 125,000,000 shares of common stock, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 25,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, and to reclassify all Class A common stock and Class B common stock as a single class of common stock (the “Charter Amendment Proposal”). The Charter Amendment Proposal was approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of BMRG as of the record date for the BMRG Special Meeting, voting together as a single class, although voting records indicate that a majority of each of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock also approved the Charter Amendment Proposal. After the BMRG Special Meeting, BMRG and Eos Energy Storage LLC closed the business combination and the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended to give effect to the Charter Amendment Proposal, became effective.

27

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

15. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.)

A recent ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery introduced uncertainty as to whether Section 242(b)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) would have required the Charter Amendment Proposal to be approved by separate votes of the majority of BMRG’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. To resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s capital structure, the Company filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the DGCL to seek validation of the Charter Amendment Proposal. Section 205 of the DGCL permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to ratify and validate potentially defective corporate acts.

On February 27, 2023, the Court of Chancery approved the Company’s request for relief and entered an order under Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (1) declaring the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”), including the filing and effectiveness thereof, as validated and effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 16, 2020, and all amendments effected thereby and (2) ordering that the Company’s securities (and the issuance of the securities) described in the Petition and any other securities issued in reliance on the validity of the Charter are validated and declared effective, each as of the original issuance dates.

Class Action Complaints

On March 8, 2023, Plaintiff Richard Delman filed a class action complaint (the “March Complaint”) in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The March Complaint names certain of the Company’s former directors as defendants. Neither the Company nor Eos Energy Storage LLC was named as a defendant in the March Complaint, but each was identified as a relevant non-party and the Company owes certain indemnification obligations relating to the lawsuit to the Company’s former directors. Although the Company is unable to predict the final outcome or estimate a potential range of loss at this stage of the proceedings, the Company accrued $722 for the probable loss included in accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023.

On August 1, 2023, a class action complaint was filed against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, and its former Chief Financial Officer (the “August Complaint”) in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. The August Complaint asserts violations of the federal securities laws in connection with statements and alleged omissions relating to the Company’s business, prospects and reported backlog. The Company believes the August Complaint is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against this action.

16. Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation expense is associated with restricted stock units (“RSU”s) and stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting term. Stock options generally have a term of five to ten years and vest over periods ranging from three months to five years. RSUs generally vest over periods from three to four years. For awards with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on management’s estimation of achievement of performance conditions. The estimated performance conditions primarily relate to achievement of sales and financing targets. In June 2023, the Company modified 550,000 performance-based stock options that were issued in June 2022 and December 2022 by extending the period to meet certain performance conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, all performance conditions were met for these 550,000 options, therefore accelerating the vesting and respective expense.

Stock-based compensation expense included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:

	Three Months Ended  September 30,				Nine Months Ended  September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,048	$	1,357	$	2,027	$	2,778
Restricted stock units	3,408		2,259		8,096		8,215
Total	$	4,456	$	3,616	$	10,123	$	10,993

28

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

16. Stock-Based Compensation (cont.)

The stock compensation expense has been recorded in cost of goods sold, research and development expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense was $18,489 of which $17,860 was attributable to unvested RSUs and $629 was attributable to unvested stock options. Compensation expense for these unvested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 0.4 years for stock options and 2.2 years for RSUs.

17. Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $13 and $25, respectively, related to taxable earnings from the Company’s foreign operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, income tax expense was $110 and $45, respectively. The income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to the loss before income taxes. This is due to non-taxable income, foreign operations, and pre-tax losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized for U.S. income tax purposes.

The Company estimates and applies the annual effective tax rate to its ordinary earnings each interim period. Any significant unusual or infrequent items, if any, are not included in the estimation of the annual effective tax rate. Rather, these items and their related income tax expense are separately stated in the interim period in which they occur. The quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate and related tax expense is subject to variation due to a multitude of factors. Factors may include, but are not limited to, the inability to accurately predict the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and loss.

At each balance sheet date, management assesses the likelihood that the Company will be able to realize its deferred tax assets. Management considered all available positive and negative evidence in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate taxing jurisdiction during the future periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. Management has determined that it is unlikely that the Company will be able to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due to cumulative losses. Therefore, the Company has a valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions that, if recognized, would not affect the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing jurisdiction, and none of the uncertain tax positions are expected to reverse within the next 12 months.

The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions, as well as Italy and India. The open tax years for federal returns are 2019 and forward, and open tax years for state returns are generally 2018 and forward. In addition, net operating losses generated in closed years and utilized in open years are subject to adjustment by the tax authorities.

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. There are two major corporate tax provisions included in the Act. In general, the IRA creates a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on any corporation that has (or has had) average annual “adjusted financial statement income” for a three-year period preceding the tax year that exceeds $1 billion. The CAMT is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA also imposes on publicly traded U.S. corporations a 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of their stock. The excise tax is effective for stock repurchases after December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect the aforementioned provisions in the IRA to have any material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In addition to the CAMT discussed above, the IRA has production tax credits that are discussed in Note 10, Government Grants.

29

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

18. Shareholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.0001 par value. The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 156,378,778 and 82,653,781 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transactions

As discussed in Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party, the April 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 16,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $2.50 per share. The Company also issued 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase 16,000,000 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $3.14 per share, became exercisable in October 2023 and expire five and one-half years from the date of issuance.

The May 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 3,601,980 shares of common stock at a price of $2.221 per share. The Company also issued 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase 3,601,980 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.50 per share, and became exercisable in July 2023. The warrants expire five years from the date they were initially exercisable.

Treasury Stock

The Company recorded treasury stock of $136 and $77 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and $587 and $929 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for shares withheld from employees to cover the payroll tax liability of RSUs vested, respectively. The treasury stock was immediately retired.

Public Warrants

The Company sold warrants to purchase 9,075,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a public offering on May 22, 2020 (the “Public Warrants”). Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. There were no Public Warrants exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were 600 Public Warrants exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 7,052,254 and 7,001,654 public warrants outstanding, respectively.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA with Yorkville. Pursuant to the SEPA, as amended, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville up to $75,000 of shares of its common stock at the Company’s request at any time during the commitment period, which commenced on April 28, 2022 and will end on the earlier of (i) May 1, 2024, or (ii) the date on which Yorkville shall have made payment of advances requested by the Company totaling up to the commitment amount of $75,000. Each sale the Company requests under the SEPA (an “Advance”) may be for a number of shares of common stock with an aggregate value of up to $20,000. The SEPA provides for shares to be sold to Yorkville at 97.0% of market price. Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the SEPA, 465,117 shares were issued to Yorkville in April 2022 as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of common stock. The fair value of these shares of $1,061 was recorded as other expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, were $35,550. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total shares issued under the SEPA were 23,630,937.

30

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

18. Shareholders’ Deficit (cont.)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, were $12,350. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total shares issued under the SEPA were 7,826,719.

On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

At-the-Market Offering Program

On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company LLC (“Cowen”), with respect to an ATM offering program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000 (the “Placement Shares”) through Cowen as its sales agent and/or principal. On August 23, 2023, Amendment No. 1 to the ATM increased the maximum aggregate offering price from $100,000 to $200,000.

The Company will pay Cowen a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any Placement Shares sold. The Company will also reimburse Cowen for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement. The Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Placement Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (ii) termination of the Sales Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth therein.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 28,938,944 shares raising proceeds of $81,897, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $2.74 per share.

19. Earnings Per Share

The following table provides the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net income (loss) for basic earnings per share	$	14,932	$	(70,722)
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	4,449		—
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	(27,398)		—
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$	(8,017)	$	(70,722)
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	138,005,222		63,065,884
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes	14,836,450		—
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	1,344,677		—
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units	1,142,184		—
Dilutive effect of Stock Options	996,751		—
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding	156,325,284		63,065,884

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.11	$	(1.12)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(1.12)

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EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

19. Earnings Per Share (cont.)

Basic net earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method for warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units; and the if-converted method for convertible notes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Public and private placement warrants	7,326,654
Stock options	1,585,056

Since the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the potential dilutive shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and Convertible Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted EPS are computed using the same number of weighted-average shares for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Stock options and restricted stock units	9,239,612	7,934,865
Public and private placement warrants	26,928,634	7,326,654
Convertible Notes (if converted)	14,836,450	5,298,396

20. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the issuance date of these financial statements. No material subsequent events were identified that require disclosure.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including the financial statements and notes thereto.

Overview

The Company offers an innovative Znyth™ aqueous zinc battery energy storage system designed to provide the operating flexibility to manage increased grid complexity deriving from an overall increase in renewable energy generation and a congested grid coming from an increase in electricity demand growth. The Company’s battery energy storage system is based on a chemistry with accessible non-precious earth components in a durable, safe, scalable and sustainable design that delivers results in a wide variety of temperatures and conditions. Manufactured in the United States, the Company’s battery energy storage system is the core of the Company’s innovative systems that today provide utilities, independent power producers, renewables developers, and C&I customers with a reliable energy storage alternative for 3- to 12-hour discharge durations. The Company’s innovative spirit extends to its manufacturing strategy, which includes proprietary equipment and processes that allow the Company to scale quickly and with a lower capital intensity than other similar technologies. The Company believes its technology will continue to reduce cost and improve the operating efficiency and competitiveness of its battery energy storage systems.

The Company’s growth strategy contemplates increasing sales of battery energy storage systems and related software and services through a direct sales team and sales channel partners. The Company’s current and target customers include utilities, project developers, independent power producers and commercial and industrial companies.

In addition to battery energy storage systems, the Company currently offers: (a) a Battery Management System, a remote asset monitoring capability and service to track the performance and health of the Company’s battery energy storage system and to proactively identify future system performance issues through predictive analytics; (b) project management services to ensure the process of implementing the Company’s battery energy storage systems are coordinated in conjunction with the customer’s overall project plans; (c) commissioning services that ensure the customer’s installation of the battery energy storage system meets the performance expected by the customer; and (d) operations and maintenance plans to maintain optimal operating performance of the Company’s systems.

Strategy

The Company continues to invest in the design, development, and production of its next generation product, the Eos Z3™ battery, which builds off the same electrochemistry that has not fundamentally changed for the better part of a decade. The next generation Eos Z3 battery is designed to reduce cost and weight while improving manufacturability and system performance. The Eos Z3 battery is more cost-effective and has a simpler tub design with 50% fewer cells and 98% fewer welds per battery module, compared to Gen 2.3. The Company currently expects the Eos Z3 BESS will give customers the benefit of two times the energy density per square foot with the same safety and reliability as the previous generation battery. The Eos Z3 transition is fully underway, and the first semi-automated battery manufacturing line is installed and has started commercial production. Eos Z3 batteries utilize the same chemistry, which has over 3 million cycles, and incorporates a new mechanical design aimed at improving performance, lowering cost and increasing manufacturability. The Company delivered its first customer orders from this line in the third quarter. Eos’s progression to the Eos Z3 battery incorporates valuable lessons learned from the past 15 years into a new system design which the Company expects to result in efficiencies as it develops its new state-of-the-art manufacturing line.

The Company believes the simplicity, flexibility, and safety of our products are what the market desires. In addition, we understand that the Inflation Reduction Act gives us a competitive advantage with production tax credits (“PTC”) that can be claimed on battery components manufactured domestically, in addition to a tax credit for customers for projects that satisfy domestic content requirements.

Additionally, the Company plans to participate in a consortium of community leaders, universities, and supply chain partners in anticipation of pursuing grants made available under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law of 2021.

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Regulatory Landscape

U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”)

In August 2023, the DOE issued a Conditional Commitment Letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount of up to $398.6 million through the DOE’s Clean Energy Financing Program. The Conditional Commitment Letter follows an extensive technical, financial and commercial due diligence process by the DOE. If finalized, the loan is expected to fund 80% of eligible costs of the Company’s planned manufacturing expansion in Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania.

Eligible costs include capital expenditures and other costs associated with ramping up the manufacturing lines and facility, for example start-up and shakedown costs, as well as certain material and labor costs before efficiencies are met. The Company is working to finalize the loan documents with the DOE and to fulfill certain conditions precedent. Eos is spending eligible costs now that would be reimbursable at first funding.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”)

The IRA features significant economic incentives for both energy storage customers and manufacturers for projects placed in service after December 31, 2022. One of the most important features of the IRA is that it offers a 10-year term tax credit, whereas historically similar industrial credits have been shorter in duration. Customers placing new energy storage facilities in service will be allowed to claim at least a thirty percent investment tax credit (“ITC”) under certain conditions. The IRA also offers an extra ten percent credit if the project is in an “energy community” and another ten percent credit if the project satisfies domestic content requirements, which will be set forth when the implementing regulations are finalized. The ten percent bonus for domestic content could represent a strategic advantage for the Company resulting from the Company’s near-sourcing and Made in America strategy, and we currently anticipate that projects utilizing Eos batteries will qualify for the bonus.

As discussed in Note 10, Government Grants to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, starting in 2023, there are Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”), that can be claimed on battery components manufactured in the U.S. and sold to U.S. or foreign customers. These tax credits available to manufacturers include a credit for ten percent of the cost incurred to make electrode active materials in addition to credits of $35 per kWh of capacity of battery cells and $10 per kWh of capacity of battery modules. These credits are cumulative, meaning that companies will be able to claim each of the available tax credits based on the battery components produced and sold through 2029, after which the PTC will begin to gradually phase down through 2032. These credits are expected to be a new source of cash flow for Eos in the future.

Company Highlights

•In January 2023, several investors, including Clear Creek Investments, LLC, Ardsley Advisory Partners LP, and AltEnergy, LLC, made a $13.75 million investment in the Company by purchasing the Company’s 26.5% Convertible Senior PIK Notes due 2026, the proceeds of which supported the Company’s strategic growth initiatives. See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

•In February 2023, the Company announced an initial 47 MWh renewables plus storage project with one of the largest operators of energy storage in the U.S., along with a separate long-term agreement that contributes 4GWh to the Company’s pipeline.

•In February 2023, the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note (the “February 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million in a private placement to Yorkville under the second supplemental agreement (the “Second Supplemental Agreement”) to the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “SEPA”). See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

•In February 2023, the Company completed the first Eos Cube™ powered by the next-generation Eos Z3™ battery.

•In February 2023, the Company achieved UL 9540A for the next generation Eos Z3 battery.

•In March 2023, the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note (the “March 2023 Promissory Note” and, together with the February 2023 Promissory Note and a convertible promissory note issued and sold to Yorkville in December 2022, the “Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million in a private placement to Yorkville under the third supplemental agreement (the “Third Supplemental Agreement”) to the SEPA. See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

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•In April 2023, the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note (the “April 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million in a private placement to Yorkville under the SEPA.

•In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.50 per share in a registered direct offering. The Company issued in a concurrent private placement unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 16,000,000 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were $40.0 million, before deducting advisory fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

•In May 2023, the Company issued 3,601,980 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.221 per share in a registered direct offering. The Company issued in a concurrent private placement unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,601,980 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were $8.0 million, before deducting advisory fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $1.0 million of grant income related to the IRA PTC.

•On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

•In August 2023, the Company selected ACRO Automation Systems to partner in the design, development, and implementation of its state-of-the-art high output manufacturing lines. ACRO is a recognized leader in high-speed, custom designed, automated manufacturing systems.

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Results of Operations

Revenue

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,							For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change	% Change		2023		2022		$ Change	% Change
Revenue	$	684	$	6,065	(5,381)	(89)	%	$	9,768	$	15,258	(5,490)	(36)	%

The Company generates revenues from the delivery of its battery energy storage systems (“BESS”) and service-related solutions. The Company expects revenues to increase as it scales production to meet customer demand.

Revenue decreased by $5.4 million, or 89% from $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Revenue decreased by $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The reduction in revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to reduced production and deliveries from the shift to next generation Eos Z3TM technology.

Cost of goods sold

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,							For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change	% Change		2023		2022		$ Change	% Change
Cost of goods sold	$	21,262	$	50,025	(28,763)	(57)	%	$	59,448	$	122,468	(63,020)	(51)	%

Cost of goods sold primarily consists of costs relating to direct labor, direct material and overhead that is directly tied to product manufacturing, engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”), project delivery, commissioning, and start-up test procedures. Other indirect costs included in cost of goods sold are manufacturing overhead such as manufacturing engineering, equipment maintenance, environmental health and safety, quality and production control procurement, transportation, logistics, depreciation and facility-related costs. As a nascent technology and a new manufacturing process that is early in its product lifecycle, the Company still faces significant costs associated with production start-up, commissioning of various components, modules, and subsystems and other related costs. The Company expects its cost of goods sold to exceed revenues in the near term as it continues to scale production and prepares battery energy storage systems delivered to customers to go-live.

Cost of goods sold decreased by $28.8 million, or 57% from $50.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $21.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Cost of goods sold decreased by $63.0 million, or 51% from $122.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $59.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Cost of goods sold decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 mainly due to lower BESS shipments in 2023, partially offset by increases in commissioning cost and idle factory costs.

Research and development expenses

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,							For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change	% Change		2023		2022		$ Change	% Change
R&D expenses	$	3,228	$	4,462	(1,234)	(28)	%	$	13,699	$	14,889	(1,190)	(8.0)	%

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, materials, third-party services, depreciation, and amortization of intangible assets. Eos Z3TM battery test results show improved performance at a projected lower system cost than the Company’s current product configuration.

Research and development costs decreased by $1.2 million or 28% from $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily driven by a decrease of $1.7 million for materials and supplies, partially offset by increases of $0.4 million in stock compensation costs and $0.2 million in payroll and personnel costs.

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Research and development costs decreased by $1.2 million or 8.0% from $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily driven by decreases of $2.0 million for outside professional services, partially offset by increases of $0.3 million for materials and supplies, $0.2 million in payroll and personnel costs and $0.2 million of facility costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,							For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change	% Change		2023		2022		$ Change	% Change
SG&A expenses	$	13,076	$	14,651	(1,575)	(11)	%	$	40,169	$	48,045	(7,876)	(16)	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of payroll and personnel-related, outside professional services, facilities, depreciation, travel, marketing, and public company costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $1.6 million or 11% from $14.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $13.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in outside consulting expenses of $2.3 million and payroll and personnel costs of $0.4 million, partially offset by increases in facility costs of $0.5 million and legal and professional costs of $0.5 million.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $7.9 million or 16% from $48.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $40.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in outside consulting expenses of $6.8 million, legal and professional costs of $0.6 million, stock compensation costs of $0.7 million and duties and fees of $0.7 million, partially offset by increases in facility costs of $0.7 million and payroll and personnel costs of $0.4 million.

Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	$	955	$	496	$	7,151	$	2,501

The Company incurred a loss of $1.0 million and $0.5 million from write-down of property, plant and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a loss of $7.2 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to higher write-offs in 2023 for disposal of equipment and tooling that was used for manufacturing of Gen 2.3 BESS, but cannot be repurposed for the next generation Eos Z3 battery production.

Interest expense, net

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense, net	$	(4,994)	$	(2,766)	$	(14,709)	$	(3,388)

Interest expense includes accrued interest and the amortization of debt issuance cost and the debt discount. Interest expense, net increased by $2.2 million and $11.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. These increases are a result of interest recognized on the Senior Secured Term Loan and the equipment financing facility.

Interest expense - related party

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense, related party	$	(4,449)	$	(2,960)	$	(32,962)	$	(7,798)

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Interest expense, related party includes accrued interest and the amortization of debt issuance cost and debt discount. Interest expense - related party increased by $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased by $25.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months September 30, 2022.

The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to interest on the AFG Convertible Notes, as they were issued in 2023.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, in addition to the interest expense from the 2021 Convertible Notes and the AFG Convertible Notes, the Company recognized losses from the issuance of Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes and the AFG Convertible Notes whose fair value exceeded proceeds at issuance.

The day 1 losses recognized in interest expense, related party for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were due to:

•The Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes in the amount of $17.6 million.

•The AFG Convertible Notes in the amount of $2.9 million.

See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Change in fair value, embedded derivative - related party	$	27,398	$	(369)	$	(962)	$	11,304
Change in fair value, warrants liability - related party	34,406		(47)		(24,957)		790
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	$	61,804	$	(416)	$	(25,919)	$	12,094

As discussed in Note 14, Fair Value Measurement, the embedded derivatives for the 2021 Convertible Notes, Yorkville Convertible Notes, the AFG Convertible Notes, as well as all warrants liabilities, are remeasured at fair value on each balance sheet date.

The change in the fair value, embedded derivatives - related party, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was largely a result of the change in the Company’s stock price.

The change in fair value, warrants liability- related party for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is mainly due to the gain on change in fair value for the April 2023 Warrants and the May 2023 Warrants (See Note 13, Warrants Liability- Related Party to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion).

The change in fair value, warrants liability- related party for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is mainly due to:

•The day 1 loss for the April 2023 Transaction and the May 2023 Transaction in the amounts of $26.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively, partially offset by:

•A gain on change in fair value for the April 2023 Warrants and the May 2023 Warrants in the amounts of $6.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. (See Note 13, Warrants Liability- Related Party to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion).

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Loss on debt extinguishment

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Loss on debt extinguishment	$	—	$	(942)	$	(3,510)	$	(942)

The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of — million and $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the issuance of common stock from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, respectively. See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

Other income (expense)

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Other income (expense)	$	421	$	41	$	(474)	$	(472)

Other income (expense) slightly increased by $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. Other income (expense) remained flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Income tax expense

	For the Three Months  Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months  Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Income tax expense	$	13	$	110	$	25	$	45

The Company incurred income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 in relation to the pre-tax income from the Company’s international subsidiaries.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Going Concern

As a growth company in the early commercialization stage of its lifecycle, Eos is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the development of an enterprise. In this regard, substantially all of the Company’s efforts to date have been devoted to the development and manufacturing of battery energy storage systems and complimentary products and services, recruitment of management and technical staff, deployment of capital to expand the Company’s operations to meet customer demand and raising capital to fund the Company’s development. As a result of these efforts, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future until such time that the Company can reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations.

In order to execute its development strategy, the Company has historically relied on outside capital through the issuance of equity, debt, and borrowings under financing arrangements (collectively “outside capital”) to fund its cost structure and expects to continue to rely on outside capital for the foreseeable future. While the Company believes it will eventually reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to achieve such profitability or do so in a manner that does not require its continued reliance on outside capital. Moreover, while the Company has historically been successful in raising outside capital, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to obtain outside capital in the future or do so on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

As of the date the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued (the “issuance date”), management evaluated the significance of the following negative financial conditions in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-40, Going Concern:

39

•Since its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash from operations in order to fund its development. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $188.3 million, incurred negative cash flows from operations of $107.6 million, and had an accumulated deficit of $834.6 million as of September 30, 2023.

•As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $58.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund the Company’s operations, no additional borrowings available to fund its operations under pre-existing financing arrangements (see Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report) and working capital of $61.7 million, inclusive of $3.2 million of outstanding debt that is currently scheduled to mature within the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•While the Company has available capacity under certain pre-existing arrangements to issue shares of the Company’s common stock, including the at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program, (see Note 18, Shareholders’ Deficit) to aid in funding the Company’s operations, the Company’s ability to secure such funding is dependent upon certain conditions, such as investors’ willingness to purchase the Company’s common stock and at a price that is acceptable to the Company. Accordingly, as of the issuance date there is no assurance the Company will be able to secure funding under these pre-existing arrangements or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

•Similarly, while the Company has historically been successful in raising additional outside capital to fund the Company’s operations, as of the issuance date no assurance can be provided the Company will be successful in obtaining additional outside capital or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. In this regard, the Company continues to progress through the Department of Energy (“DOE”) Loan Programs Office’s (“LPO”) process for its Title XVII loan. In August 2023, the DOE issued a Conditional Commitment Letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount of up to $398.6 million through the DOE’s Clean Energy Financing Program. Certain technical, legal, and financial conditions must be met and due diligence to the satisfaction of the DOE must be completed before the DOE enters into definitive financing documents with the Company and funds the loan. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such a loan or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

•The Company is required to remain in compliance with a quarterly minimum financial liquidity covenant under its Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Senior Secured Term Loan”). While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of September 30, 2023, and expects to remain in compliance as of December 31, 2023, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on March 31, 2024 and thereafter. In the event the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the minimum financial liquidity covenant and the other nonfinancial covenants required by the Senior Secured Term Loan, and the Company is further unable to cure such noncompliance or secure a waiver, Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC may, at its discretion, exercise any and all of its existing rights and remedies, which may include, among other things, entering into a forbearance agreement with the Company, and/or asserting its rights in the Company’s assets securing the loan. Moreover, the Company’s other lenders may exercise similar rights and remedies under the cross-default provisions of their respective borrowing arrangements with the Company.

•Absent an ability to secure additional outside capital in the near term, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•In the event the Company’s ongoing efforts to raise additional outside capital prove unsuccessful, management will be required to seek other strategic alternatives, which may include, among others, a significant curtailment in the Company’s operations, a sale of certain of the Company’s assets, a sale of the entire Company to strategic or financial investors, and/or allowing the Company to become insolvent.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Financing Arrangements

The Company has historically relied on outside capital to fund its cost structure and expects this reliance to continue for the foreseeable future until the Company reaches profitability through its planned revenue generating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company closed on the following capital transactions:

•On January 18, 2023, the Company raised $13.8 million from the issuance of the AFG Convertible Notes, which mature in June 2026. See Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

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•In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.50 per share in a registered direct offering. The Company also issued in a concurrent private placement unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 16,000,000 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were $40.0 million, before deducting advisory fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

•In May 2023, the Company issued 3,601,980 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.221 per share in a registered direct offering. The Company also issued in a concurrent private placement unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,601,980 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were $8.0 million, before deducting advisory fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of net proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, were $35.6 million. See Note 18, Shareholders' Deficit to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

•Under the ATM offering program, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 28,938,944 shares raising proceeds of $81.9 million, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $2.74 per share, included in the condensed consolidated statement of shareholders' equity.

Capital Expenditures

The Company expects capital expenditures and working capital requirements to increase as it seeks to execute its growth strategy. Total capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were $21.2 million and $18.8 million, respectively. We anticipate the remainder of 2023 spending to be used primarily for additional equipment, automation, and other infrastructure to expand the Company’s capacity to meet customer demand. The increase in capital expenditures was primarily driven by investment in the Eos Z3™ state of the art manufacturing line. The Company’s capital expenditure and working capital requirements in the foreseeable future may change depending on many factors, including but not limited to: equipment requirements to support the next generation(s) of products, growth in customer backlog, the Company’s operating results and its ability to secure funding, and any adjustments to the Company’s operating plan necessary to respond to industry conditions, competition or unexpected events.

Discussion and Analysis of Cash Flows

The Company relies heavily on private placement of convertible notes, term loans, equipment financing and issuance of common stock. Our short-term working capital needs are primarily related to funding of debt interest payments, repayment of debt principal, product manufacturing, research and development, and general corporate expenses. The Company’s long-term working capital needs are primarily related to repayment of long-term debt obligations and capital expenses for capacity expansion and maintenance, equipment upgrades and repair of equipment. We have taken steps to conserve working capital and reduce expenses to better manage cash outflows.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods presented.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(107,578)	$	(159,129)	$	51,551
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(21,186)	$	(19,039)	$	(2,147)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	170,607	$	123,524	$	47,083

Cash flows from operating activities:

Cash flows used in operating activities primarily comprise of costs related to research and development, manufacturing of products, project commissioning and other general and administrative activities.

41

Net cash used in operating activities of $107.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by a net loss of $188.3 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $89.5 million, primarily related to write-down of property, plant and equipment, stock compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, non-cash interest expense, and changes in fair value of derivatives. The net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities was $8.7 million, primarily driven by decrease in accounts payable of $17.8 million and increase in vendor deposits of $4.0 million, partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses of $12.3 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $159.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily driven by a net loss of $173.2 million, adjusted for non-cash items of $14.4 million, primarily related to stock compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, and changes in fair value of derivatives. The net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities was $0.3 million, primarily driven by decrease in notes payable of $19.6 million and increase in inventory of $10.2 million, partially offset by increases in accounts payable of $22.0 million and accrued expenses of $5.9 million, and a decrease in vendor deposits of $4.0 million.

Cash flows from investing activities:

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were composed of payments made for purchases of property, plant and equipment of $21.2 million.

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily composed of payments made for purchases of property, plant and equipment of $18.8 million and notes receivable advanced to customers of $0.3 million.

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net cash provided by financing activities was $170.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This was primarily due to the net proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes and AFG Convertible Notes of $48.1 million and from the issuance of common stock and warrants of $131.1 million. The proceeds were partially offset by equity issuance costs of $2.1 million, debt issuance costs related to the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, AFG Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Term Loan of $4.2 million, payments on the equipment financing facility of $2.1 million and $0.6 million for share repurchases from employees for tax withholding purposes.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $123.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the net proceeds from the following transactions: Senior Secured Term Loan of $92.8 million, issuance of common stock of $34.1 million, issuance of convertible notes of $7.2 million, and an increase in the equipment financing facility of $4.2 million. The proceeds were partially offset by debt issuance costs related of $12.7 million, payments on the equipment financing facility of $1.2 million and payment for share repurchases from employees for tax withholding purposes of $0.9 million.

Contractual Obligations

The Company has certain obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts. As of September 30, 2023, this is comprised of the following:

•Open purchase obligations of $0.1 million, related to a supply purchase agreement with a minimum volume commitment. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

•Future lease payments, including interest, under non-cancellable operating and financing leases of $5.7 million. The leases expire at various dates prior to 2028. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

•Principal and Interest payments related to the following debt obligations (see Note 12, Borrowings to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report):

	Future Debt Payments
2021 Convertible Notes Payable - due June 2026 (1)	$	134,261
AFG Convertible Notes - due June 2026 (1)	32,468
Senior Secured Term Loan - due March 2026	135,000
Equipment financing facility - due April 2025 and April 2026	7,574
Total	$	309,303

42

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company is obligated to repay future contractual interest payments for the 2021 Convertible Notes and AFG Convertible Notes in-kind.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). In preparing the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, judgments, and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management regularly reevaluates assumptions, judgments, and estimates. The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We have critical accounting estimates in the areas of warranty liability and financial instruments that are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as discussed further below.

Warranty Liability

The Company generally provides a standard warranty for a period of two years. We also provide extended warranties and performance guarantees, which are identified as separate performance obligations in the Company's contracts with customers. We accrue warranty reserves at the time of recording the sale. Warranty reserves include management’s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or to replace any items under warranty, which is based on various factors including actual claim data to date, results of lab testing, factory quality data, and field monitoring. Due to limited claim experience since commercialization of our product, and the potential for variability in these underlying factors, the difference between our estimated costs and our actual costs could be material to our consolidated financial statements. If actual product failure rates or the frequency or severity of reported claims differ from our estimates, we may be required to revise our estimated warranty liability. We will also update actual warranty experience to determine warranty reserves as such experience becomes available. We review our reserves at least quarterly, seeking to ensure that our accruals are adequate in meeting expected future warranty obligations, and we will adjust our estimates as needed. Initial warranty data can be limited at the early stage in the commercialization of our products and, the adjustments that we record may be material. Thus, it is likely that as we sell additional BESS, we will acquire additional information on the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranty and may need to make additional adjustments. See Note 9, Accrued Expenses to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Warrants Liability

The Company estimated the fair value of the April 2023 warrants and May 2023 warrants using the Black-Scholes model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, risk-free interest rate, volatility, and time to expiration. The volatility involves unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 14, Fair Value Measurements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion. The sensitivity of the fair value calculation to this assumption could create materially different results under different conditions or using different assumptions.

Convertible Notes and Embedded Derivatives

The Company estimated the fair value of the embedded conversion features in the 2021 Convertible Notes and the AFG Convertible Notes using a binomial lattice model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, the effective debt yield and expected volatility. The effective debt yield and volatility involve unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 14, Fair Value Measurements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion. The sensitivity of the fair value calculation to these methods, assumptions, and estimates included could create materially different results under different conditions or using different assumptions.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risk exposures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to those discussed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

43

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, and consistent with the evaluations previously reported in prior periods, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2023 because of material weaknesses resulting from lack of a formalized internal control framework in accordance with COSO, inadequate segregation of duties in the financial reporting process, lack of review and approval of journal entries, and a lack of management review controls.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including its CEO and its CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In light of these material weaknesses, management performed additional analyses, reconciliations, and other post-closing procedures to determine that the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Based on this review, management concluded that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report fairly present in all material respects the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the most recent quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of the Company’s operations. While the outcomes of these types of claims are uncertain, management does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

As disclosed in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, on August 1, 2023, a class action complaint was filed against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, and its former Chief Financial Officer (the “August Complaint”) in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. The August Complaint asserts violations of the federal securities laws in connection with statements and alleged omissions relating to the Company’s business, prospects and reported backlog. The Company believes the August Complaint is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against this action.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no additional material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

44

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

45

(a) Exhibits

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description of Document	Schedule/Form	File Number	Exhibits	Filing Date
3.1	Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended	Form 10-K	File No. 001-39291	3.1	February 28, 2023
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company	Form 8-K	File No. 001-39291	3.1	May 19, 2022
10.1	Amendment No. 1 to Common Stock Sales Agreement, dated August 23, 2023, by and between Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. and Cowen and Company, LLC	Form 8-K	File No. 001-39291	10.1	August 23, 2023
10.2	Master Supply Agreement, dated August 23, 2023, by and between HI-POWER, LLC and ACRO Automation Systems, Inc.	Form 8-K	File No. 001-39291	10.2	August 23, 2023
10.3	Employment Agreement, dated August 27, 2023, by and between the Company and Sumeet Puri	Form 8-K	File No. 001-39291	10.1	August 28, 2023
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________________________

†Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.

*Filed herewith.

46

(b)Financial Statements. The financial statements filed as part of this registration statement are listed in the index to the financial statements immediately preceding such financial statements, which index to the financial statements is incorporated herein by reference.

47

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.
Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph Mastrangelo
	Name:	Joseph Mastrangelo
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Nathan Kroeker
	Name:	Nathan Kroeker
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

48

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joseph Mastrangelo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this Report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph Mastrangelo
		Joseph Mastrangelo
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Nathan Kroeker, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this Report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Nathan Kroeker
		Nathan Kroeker
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Registrant”), for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Joseph Mastrangelo, hereby certify, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph Mastrangelo
		Joseph Mastrangelo
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Registrant”), for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Nathan Kroeker, hereby certify, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date: November 6, 2023	By:	/s/ Nathan Kroeker
		Nathan Kroeker
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 01, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39291
Entity Registrant Name	EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-4290188
Entity Address, Address Line One	3920 Park Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Edison
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	08820
City Area Code	732
Local Phone Number	225-8400
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		158,064,466
Entity Central Index Key	0001805077
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	EOSE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Public and private placement warrants
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock
Trading Symbol	EOSEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 57,970	$ 17,076
Restricted cash	3,439	2,725
Accounts receivable, net	1,578	1,666
Inventory, net	20,568	23,260
Vendor deposits	19,368	4,789
Notes receivable, net	64	36
Contract assets, current	2,401	1,859
Prepaid expenses	815	2,289
Other current assets	2,290	1,447
Total current assets	108,493	55,147
Property, plant and equipment, net	20,336	27,169
Intangible assets, net	309	240
Goodwill	4,331	4,331
Notes receivable, long-term, net	799	827
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	3,942	4,316
Long-term restricted cash	11,652	11,422
Other assets	4,216	3,336
Total assets	154,078	106,788
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	13,827	34,669
Accrued expenses	25,070	15,359
Operating lease liability, current	1,298	1,106
Long-term debt, current	3,211	2,872
Convertible notes payable, current - related party	0	2,688
Contract liabilities, current	3,285	3,850
Other current liabilities	93	32
Total current liabilities	46,784	60,576
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liability	3,471	4,130
Long-term debt	87,793	87,321
Convertible notes payable - related party	116,260	82,950
Interest payable - related party	2,706	0
Contract liabilities, long-term	956	956
Warrants liability - related party	22,954	78
Other liabilities	1,485	3,488
Total long-term liabilities	235,625	178,923
Total liabilities	282,409	239,499
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 15)
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 300,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares authorized, 156,378,778 and 82,653,781 shares outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	16	9
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	0	0
Additional paid in capital	706,288	513,614
Accumulated deficit	(834,638)	(646,340)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3	6
Total shareholders' deficit	(128,331)	(132,711)
Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit	$ 154,078	$ 106,788

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	156,378,778	82,653,781
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	156,378,778	82,653,781
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 684	$ 6,065	$ 9,768	$ 15,258
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	21,262	50,025	59,448	122,468
Research and development expenses	3,228	4,462	13,699	14,889
Selling, general and administrative expenses	13,076	14,651	40,169	48,045
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	955	496	7,151	2,501
Grant expense, net	0	0	0	4
Total costs and expenses	38,521	69,634	120,467	187,907
Operating loss	(37,837)	(63,569)	(110,699)	(172,649)
Other (expense) income
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party			(25,919)	12,094
Loss on debt extinguishment	0	(942)	(3,510)	(942)
Other income (expense)	421	41	(474)	(472)
Income (loss) before income taxes	14,945	(70,612)	(188,273)	(173,155)
Income tax expense	13	110	25	45
Net income (loss)	14,932	(70,722)	(188,298)	(173,200)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(6)	(1)	(3)	4
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 14,926	$ (70,723)	$ (188,301)	$ (173,196)
Basic and diluted income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ (1.12)	$ (1.65)	$ (3.00)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.05)	$ (1.12)	$ (1.65)	$ (3.00)
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic (in shares)	138,005,222	63,065,884	114,209,090	57,705,811
Diluted (in shares)	156,325,284	63,065,884	114,209,090	57,705,811
Nonrelated Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	$ (4,994)	$ (2,766)	$ (14,709)	$ (3,388)
Related Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(4,449)	(2,960)	(32,962)	(7,798)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	$ 61,804	$ (416)	$ (25,919)	$ 12,094

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid in capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		53,786,632
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 32,447	$ 5	$ 448,969	$ 0	$ (416,527)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	10,993		10,993
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		600
Exercise of warrants	7		7
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		567,453
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(166,690)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(929)		(929)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		19,429,177
Issuance of common stock	41,278	$ 3	41,275
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)		465,117
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock	1,061		1,061
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	4			4
Net income (loss)	(173,200)				(173,200)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		74,082,289
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2022	(88,339)	$ 8	501,376	4	(589,727)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		58,519,739
Beginning balances at Jun. 30, 2022	(57,829)	$ 6	461,165	5	(519,005)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	3,616		3,616
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		600
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		139,846
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(38,534)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(77)		(77)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		15,461,238
Issuance of common stock	36,674	$ 2	36,672
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(1)			(1)
Net income (loss)	(70,722)				(70,722)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		74,082,289
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2022	$ (88,339)	$ 8	501,376	4	(589,727)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	82,653,781	82,653,781
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (132,711)	$ 9	513,614	6	(646,340)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	10,123		10,123
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		250,000
Exercise of stock options	335		335
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		0
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		1,606,791
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(303,655)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(587)		(587)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		72,171,861
Issuance of common stock	182,810	$ 7	182,803
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(3)			(3)
Net income (loss)	$ (188,298)				(188,298)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	156,378,778	156,378,778
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (128,331)	$ 16	706,288	3	(834,638)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		127,309,960
Beginning balances at Jun. 30, 2023	(229,541)	$ 14	620,006	9	(849,570)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	4,456		4,456
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		50,000
Exercise of stock options	67		67
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		0
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		93,458
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(13,584)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(136)		(136)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		28,938,944
Issuance of common stock	81,897	$ 2	81,895
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(6)			(6)
Net income (loss)	$ 14,932				14,932
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	156,378,778	156,378,778
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (128,331)	$ 16	$ 706,288	$ 3	$ (834,638)

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ (188,298)	$ (173,200)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	10,123	10,993
Depreciation and amortization	7,316	3,847
Loss on debt extinguishment	3,510	942
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	7,151	2,501
Amortization of right-of-use assets	737	635
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	25,919	(12,094)
Commitment fee for SEPA agreement settled by common stock - related party	0	1,061
Other	5,554	2,690
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	1,474	1,677
Inventory	2,692	(10,217)
Accounts receivable	96	(488)
Vendor deposits	(4,044)	3,960
Contract assets	(471)	(2,626)
Accounts payable	(17,770)	22,047
Accrued expenses	12,258	5,949
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party	0	(1,200)
Interest payable - related party	2,706	1,590
Operating lease liabilities	(830)	(528)
Contract liabilities	(565)	572
Note payable	0	(19,637)
Other	(4,280)	(1,428)
Net cash used in operating activities	(107,578)	(159,129)
Cash flows from investing activities
Investment in notes receivable	0	(261)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(21,186)	(18,778)
Net cash used in investing activities	(21,186)	(19,039)
Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(93)	(6)
Proceeds from exercise of options	442	0
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants	0	7
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes - related party	48,050	7,225
Proceeds received from the Term Loan, net of discount	0	92,783
Proceeds from equipment financing facility	0	4,216
Repayment of equipment financing facility	(2,110)	(1,208)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	81,897	29,139
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants - related party	49,250	5,000
Payment of equity issuance costs - related party	(2,080)	0
Repurchase of shares from employees for income tax withholding purposes	(587)	(929)
Net cash provided by financing activities	170,607	123,524
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5)	(1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	41,838	(54,645)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period	31,223	105,692
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	73,061	51,047
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued and unpaid capital expenditures	0	1,492
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid in kind	4,915	3,087
Fixed assets acquired with finance lease	125	0
Right-of-use operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities	363	2,112
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of Yorkville convertible notes	51,023	7,534
Accrued and unpaid debt issuance costs	0	5,231
Accrued and unpaid capitalized internal-use software	130	0
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest	11,269	2,490
Nonrelated Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Non-cash interest expense	3,820	704
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs - related party	(3,046)	(12,703)
Related Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Non-cash interest expense	25,324	3,121
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	25,919	(12,094)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs - related party	$ (1,116)	$ 0

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Overview

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Overview

Overview

Nature of Operations

Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Eos”) designs, develops, manufactures, and markets innovative energy storage solutions for utility-scale, microgrid, and commercial & industrial (“C&I”) applications. Eos developed a broad range of intellectual property with multiple patents covering unique battery chemistry, mechanical product design, energy block configuration and a software operating system (Battery Management System). The Company has only one operating and reportable segment.

Liquidity and Going Concern

As a growth company in the early commercialization stage of its lifecycle, Eos is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the development of an enterprise. In this regard, substantially all of the Company’s efforts to date have been devoted to the development and manufacturing of battery energy storage systems and complimentary products and services, recruitment of management and technical staff, deployment of capital to expand the Company’s operations to meet customer demand and raising capital to fund the Company’s development. As a result of these efforts, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future until such time that the Company can reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations.

In order to execute its development strategy, the Company has historically relied on outside capital through the issuance of equity, debt, and borrowings under financing arrangements (collectively “outside capital”) to fund its cost structure and expects to continue to rely on outside capital for the foreseeable future. While the Company believes it will eventually reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to achieve such profitability or do so in a manner that does not require its continued reliance on outside capital. Moreover, while the Company has historically been successful in raising outside capital, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to obtain outside capital in the future or do so on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

As of the date the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued (the “issuance date”), management evaluated the significance of the following negative financial conditions in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-40, Going Concern:

•Since its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash from operations in order to fund its development. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $188,298, incurred negative cash flows from operations of $107,578, and had an accumulated deficit of $834,638 as of September 30, 2023.

•As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $57,970 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund the Company’s operations, no additional borrowings available to fund its operations under pre-existing financing arrangements (see Note 12, Borrowings) and working capital of $61,709, inclusive of $3,211 of outstanding debt that is currently scheduled to mature within the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•While the Company has available capacity under certain pre-existing arrangements to issue shares of the Company’s common stock, including the at-the-market (“ATM”) offering program, (see Note 18, Shareholders’ Deficit) to aid in funding the Company’s operations, the Company’s ability to secure such funding is dependent upon certain conditions, such as investors’ willingness to purchase the Company’s common stock and at a price that is acceptable to the Company. Accordingly, as of the issuance date there is no assurance the Company will be able to secure funding under these pre-existing arrangements or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

•Similarly, while the Company has historically been successful in raising additional outside capital to fund the Company’s operations, as of the issuance date no assurance can be provided the Company will be successful in obtaining additional outside capital or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. In this regard, the Company continues to progress through the Department of Energy (“DOE”) Loan Programs Office’s (“LPO”) process for its Title XVII loan. In August 2023, the DOE issued a Conditional Commitment Letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount of up to $398,600 through the DOE’s Clean Energy Financing Program. Certain technical, legal, and financial conditions must be met and due diligence to the satisfaction of the DOE must be completed before the DOE enters into definitive financing documents with the Company and funds the loan. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such a loan or on terms that are acceptable to the Company.

•The Company is required to remain in compliance with a quarterly minimum financial liquidity covenant under its Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement (“Senior Secured Term Loan”). While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of September 30, 2023, and expects to remain in compliance as of December 31, 2023, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on March 31, 2024 and thereafter. In the event the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the minimum financial liquidity covenant and the other nonfinancial covenants required by the Senior Secured Term Loan, and the Company is further unable to cure such noncompliance or secure a waiver, Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC may, at its discretion, exercise any and all of its existing rights and remedies, which may include, among other things, entering into a forbearance agreement with the Company, and/or asserting its rights in the Company’s assets securing the loan. Moreover, the Company’s other lenders may exercise similar rights and remedies under the cross-default provisions of their respective borrowing arrangements with the Company.

•Absent an ability to secure additional outside capital in the near term, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date.

•In the event the Company’s ongoing efforts to raise additional outside capital prove unsuccessful, management will be required to seek other strategic alternatives, which may include, among others, a significant curtailment in the Company’s operations, a sale of certain of the Company’s assets, a sale of the entire Company to strategic or financial investors, and/or allowing the Company to become insolvent.

These uncertainties raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its 100% owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the information contained therein. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Government Grants

The Company records grants received or receivable from government agencies as an offset to the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate the Company. The costs of satisfying the Company’s obligations under the respective grant agreements are recognized as expense when incurred. The Company recognizes grant money once it is reasonably assured that the Company will comply with the conditions of the grant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting standards or updates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that would have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily earns revenue from sales of its energy storage systems and services including installation, commissioning, and extended warranty services. Product revenues, which are generally recognized at a point in time, and service revenues, which are generally recognized over time, are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Product revenue	$	662	$	6,055	$	9,586	$	15,120
Service revenue	22		10		$	182	$	138
Total revenues	$	684	$	6,065	$	9,768	$	15,258

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had two customers that accounted for 51.4% and 35.5% of the total revenue and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had one customer that accounted for 91.0% of the total revenue, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had two customers that accounted for 86.5% and 13.4% of the total revenue and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had one customer who accounted for 78.4% of the total revenue, respectively.

Lessor revenue

The Company leases battery energy storage systems to one customer through a sales-type lease with a 20-year term. No revenue was recognized from the sales-type lease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $0 and $1,166 from the sales-type lease, respectively.

Contract assets and Contract liabilities

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Contract assets, current and contract liabilities, current and long-term are included separately on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and contract assets, long-term are included under other assets.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	2,471	$	2,000
Contract liabilities	$	4,241	$	4,806

The Company recognizes contract assets for certain contracts in which revenue recognition performance obligations have been satisfied but invoicing to the customer has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received from customers in advance of the Company’s satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements. Contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Contract assets increased by $471 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to recognition of revenues for which invoicing has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities decreased by $565 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting $3,534 of revenue recognized from customers, partially offset by $2,969 in customer advance payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period.

Contract liabilities of $3,285 as of September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months and long-term contract liabilities of $956 are expected to be recognized as revenue over approximately the next one to two years. Contract assets of $2,401 as of September 30, 2023 are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months. Long-term contract assets of $70 are expected to be recognized as accounts receivable over approximately the next two years.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash - current consists of escrow deposits related to U.S. Custom Bonds insurance and escrow deposits related to our credit card program agreements. Additionally, long-term restricted cash relates to interest that is required to be held in escrow per the Senior Secured Term Loan agreement in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of the four immediately following interest payments owed (see Note 12, Borrowings for further discussion).

The following table reconciles reported amounts from the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,970	$	38,431
Restricted cash (1)	3,439		1,885
Long-term restricted cash	11,652		10,731
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	73,061	$	51,047

(1) Restricted cash, current.

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Inventory

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

Inventory

The following table provides information about inventory balances:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	20,093	$	22,899
Work-in-process	475		361
Finished goods	—		—
Total inventory, net	$	20,568	$	23,260

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about property, plant and equipment, net balances:

	Estimated Useful lives	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment	5 to 10 years	$	20,831	$	23,653
Finance lease	5 years	504		379
Furniture	5 to 10 years	1,944		1,868
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/ remaining lease	7,285		6,303
Tooling	2 to 3 years	5,392		6,926
Total		35,956		39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(15,620)		(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	20,336	$	27,169

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $2,144 and $1,571 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $7,255 and $3,817 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Intangible Assets	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	Intangible AssetsIntangible assets include patents valued at $400, which represents the cost to acquire the patents. These patents are determined to have useful lives and are amortized into the results of operations over ten years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $10 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $30 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to patents.During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company capitalized $130 of costs for internal-use software. The software has a useful life and is amortized into the results of operations over 3 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $11 and $31 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, related to software

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Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) ConsiderationNotes receivable primarily consist of amounts due to the Company related to the financing offered to certain customers. The Company reports notes receivable at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. The estimate of credit losses is based on historical trends, customers’ financial condition and current economic trends. The Company charges interest at a fixed rate and calculates interest income by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance. The Company had notes receivable, net of $863 and $863 outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an allowance for expected credit loss from the notes receivable of $2 and $2, respectively. The customers to whom the Company offers financing through notes receivables are VIEs. However, the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Therefore, the VIEs are not consolidated into the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The maximum loss exposure is limited to the carrying value of notes receivable as of the balances sheet dates.

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Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll	$	4,501	$	2,706
Warranty reserve (1)	4,895		3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	3,037		840
Provision for contract losses	4,797		2,561
Insurance premium payable, current	2,438		2,607
Other	5,402		2,809
Total accrued expenses	$	25,070	$	15,359

(1) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	4,421	$	3,636	$	3,836	2,112
Additions for current period deliveries	58		962		455		2,463
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	416		—		1,124		1,321
Warranty costs incurred	—		(642)		(520)		(1,940)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	4,895	$	3,956	$	4,895	$	3,956

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Government Grants

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Government Assistance [Abstract]

Government Grants

Government Grants

California Energy Commission

From time-to-time, the Company has entered into grant agreements with the California Energy Commission (“CEC”) for conducting studies to demonstrate the benefits of certain energy-saving technologies to utility companies and consumers in the State of California. Under such agreements, the Company is entitled to receive reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company covered by the grants.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, grant expense, net was $0 for both periods. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, grant (income) expense, net was $0 and $4, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had grant receivables related to the CEC in the amounts of $245 and $263, which were included in other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. There was no deferred grant income as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Related expenses incurred by the Company are offset against grant income earned or received from the CEC.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”)

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. The IRA has significant economic incentives for both energy storage customers and manufacturers for projects placed in service after December 31, 2022. Starting in 2023, there are Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”), that can be claimed on battery components manufactured in the U.S. and sold to U.S. or foreign customers. These tax credits available to manufacturers include a credit for ten percent of the cost incurred to make electrode active materials in addition to credits of $35 per kWh of capacity of battery cells and $10 per kWh of capacity of battery modules. These credits are cumulative, meaning that companies will be able to claim each of the available tax credits based on the battery components produced and sold through 2029, after which the PTC will begin to gradually phase down through 2032. In June 2023, the IRS issued temporary and proposed regulations related to applicable tax credit transferability and direct pay provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act. The Company has reviewed these regulations and believes they do not have a material impact on the financial statements.

Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money should be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant.

The PTC is recorded as the applicable items are produced and sold. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized PTC of $109 and $953 as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), respectively. As of September 30, 2023, grant receivable related to the PTC in the amount of $953 is recorded in other assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

2021 Convertible Notes Payable

In July 2021, the Company issued $100,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible notes to Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. (the “2021 Convertible Notes”). In connection with these 2021 Convertible Notes, the Company paid $3,000 to B. Riley Securities, Inc., a related party, who acted as a placement agent. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information.

AFG Convertible Notes

In January 2023, the Company issued and sold $13,750 of 26.5% Convertible Senior PIK Notes due 2026 (“AFG Convertible Notes”) to Great American Insurance Company, Ardsley Partners Renewable Energy, LP, CCI SPV III, LP, Denman Street LLC, John B. Bending Irrevocable Children’s Trust, John B. Berding, and AE Convert, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company managed by Russell Stidolph, a related party as Mr. Stidolph is a director of the Company (together, the “Purchasers”). In connection with the issuance and sale of the AFG Convertible Notes, the Company entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with the Purchasers. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information.

Warrants Liability

The Company has issued private placement warrants to various counterparties since the initial public offering (“IPO”), some of which are exercisable and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party, for additional information.

In April 2023 and May 2023, respectively, the Company issued common stock and private placement warrants (the “April 2023 Transaction” and “May 2023 Transaction”, respectively). Refer to Note 18, Shareholders’ Equity and Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party for additional information.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA. Pursuant to the SEPA, the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville shares of its common stock at the Company’s request. On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. See Note 12, Borrowings for pre-advance loans in form of convertible promissory notes and Note 18, Shareholders' Deficit for additional information.

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Borrowings

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

Borrowings

The Company’s debt obligations at carrying value consist of the following related and third-party borrowings:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Maturity Date	Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Notes Payable	June 2026	$	112,442	$	90,169	$	109,167	$	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	100,000		84,537		100,000		81,616
AFG Convertible Note	June 2026	15,390		26,091		—		—
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	6,467		6,467		8,577		8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note	June 2023	—		—		2,000		2,688
Total borrowings		234,299		207,264		219,744		175,831
Current portion		3,211		3,211		5,560		5,560
Total borrowings, non-current		$	231,088	$	204,053	$	214,184	$	170,271

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts, and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities.

Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related Party

On December 29, 2022, the Company issued and sold a convertible promissory note (the “December 2022 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $2,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a second supplemental agreement to the SEPA (the “Second Supplemental Agreement”). In January 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 1,953,612 shares of common stock to Yorkville to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the December 2022 Promissory Note.

On February 1, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “February 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $5,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under the Second Supplemental Agreement. The fair value of the February 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $5,887, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the February 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $987, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In February 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 3,879,706 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the February 2023 Promissory Note.

On March 17, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “March 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a third supplemental agreement to the SEPA. The fair value of the March 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $20,665, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the March 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $5,965, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In March and April 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 8,641,918 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the March 2023 Promissory Note.

On April 10, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the “April 2023 Promissory Note”) with an aggregate principal amount of $15,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a fourth supplemental agreement to the SEPA. The fair value of the April 2023 Promissory Note at issuance was $25,319, which was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the April 2023 Promissory Note over the proceeds received as interest expense in the amount of $10,619, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During the second quarter of 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 8,471,793 shares of common stock to Yorkville, in order to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the April 2023 Promissory Note.

The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment from the issuance of common stock from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes of $3,510 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

Embedded derivatives- Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related party

The conversion feature for each of the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes discussed above did not qualify for the scope exception to derivative accounting, therefore bifurcation was required for each issuance. Upon extinguishment of each Yorkville Promissory Note, the embedded derivatives were adjusted to fair value. This remeasurement resulted in net gains of $6,922 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is included in (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

At September 30, 2023, there were no outstanding Yorkville Convertible Notes.

2021 Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into an investment agreement with Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. The investment agreement provides for the issuance and sale to Koch Industries of the 2021 Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000. The maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes is June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption, or repurchase.

See Note 14, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of September 30, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the embedded conversion feature was $786 and $918, respectively. The gain (loss) from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative conversion feature for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $3,190 and $(369) and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $248 and $11,304, respectively.

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	1,686	$	1,590	$	4,960	$	4,677
Amortization of debt discount	1,365		1,065		3,822		2,532
Amortization of debt issuance costs	132		104		371		281
Total	$	3,183	$	2,759	$	9,153	$	7,490

The balances for the 2021 Convertible Notes are as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	112,442	$	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(21,027)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,032)		(2,402)
Embedded conversion feature	786		918
Aggregate carrying value	$	90,169	$	82,950

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the 2021 Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms under the Senior Secured Term Loan. Therefore, as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, interest payable attributable to the 2021 Convertible Notes was $1,686 and $0, respectively.

AFG Convertible Notes - Related Party

On January 18, 2023, the Company entered into the Investment Agreement with the Purchasers relating to the issuance and sale to the Purchasers of $13,750 in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s AFG Convertible Notes.

Contractual Interest Rates - The AFG Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 26.5% per annum, which is entirely paid-in-kind. All interest payments are made through an increase in the principal amount of the outstanding AFG Convertible Notes or through the issuance of additional notes (such interest is referred to herein as “PIK Interest”). Interest on the AFG Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30, commencing on June 30, 2023. It is expected that the Notes will mature on June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase.

Conversion Rights - The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder (the “Conversion Option”) at any time until the business day prior to the maturity date, including in connection with a redemption by the Company. The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, based on an initial conversion price of approximately $1.67 per share subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments. The Company has the right to settle conversions in shares of common stock, cash, or any combination thereof.

Optional Redemption - On or after June 30, 2024, provided that the Company has obtained stockholder approval, the AFG Convertible Notes are redeemable by the Company in the event that the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides the redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to the then current principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes (inclusive of all PIK Interest), plus the aggregate amount of all interest payments on the AFG Convertible Notes that the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes to be redeemed would have been entitled to receive had the AFG Convertible Notes remained outstanding to the maturity date.

Contingent Redemption - With certain exceptions, upon the occurrence of certain events and fundamental changes described in the AFG Convertible Notes Agreement, the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes may require that the Company repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes at a purchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Embedded Derivative - The Conversion Option includes an exercise contingency, which requires the Company to obtain shareholder approval for conversions subject to the Exchange Cap. If shareholder approval is not obtained, following commercially reasonable efforts, the Company will be required to settle the conversion in excess of the Exchange Cap in cash. Since settlement in cash may be required in absence of shareholder approval, the embedded conversion feature fails the equity classification guidance in ASC 815 and is thus precluded from being classified in equity. Therefore, the embedded conversion feature is required to be bifurcated from the AFG Convertible Notes and accounted for at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The embedded derivative is presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as a component of Convertible notes payable - related party. The fair value of the embedded derivative was $14,583 at September 30, 2023. The gain (loss) from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amounted to $24,208 and $(8,132), respectively. See Note 14, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of September 30, 2023 and as of the date of issuance.

The fair value of the AFG Convertible Notes at issuance was $16,623, which was greater than the proceeds received. The Company recorded the difference of $2,873 as interest expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,020	$	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	192		550
Amortization of debt issuance costs	54		155
Total	$	1,266	$	3,364

The balance for the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	September 30, 2023
Principal	$	15,390
Unamortized debt discount	(3,028)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(854)
Embedded conversion feature	14,583
Aggregate carrying value	$	26,091

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. Therefore, as of September 30, 2023, interest payable attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes was $1,020.

Senior Secured Term Loan

On July 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $100,000 Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement with Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC., as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had total borrowings of $100,000 under the Senior Secured Term Loan.

The Senior Secured Term Loan is scheduled to mature on the earlier of (i) July 29, 2026, and (ii) 91 days prior to the current maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes of June 30, 2026. The Company has the right at any time to prepay any Borrowing in whole or in part in an amount of not less than $500.

The outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Term Loan bears interest, at the applicable margin plus, at the Company’s election, either (i) the benchmark secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), which is a per annum rate equal to (y) the Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the agreement) plus 0.2616%, or (ii) the alternate base rate (“ABR”), which is a per annum rate equal to the greatest of (x) the Prime Rate (as defined in the agreement), (y) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 0.5% and (z) the SOFR. The applicable margin under the Credit Agreement is 8.5% per annum with respect to SOFR loans, and 7.5% per annum with respect to ABR loans. Interest on the Senior Secured Term Loan accrues at a variable interest rate, and interest payments are due quarterly. The Company may elect to convert SOFR Loans to ABR (and ABR Loans to SOFR). As of September 30, 2023, the interest rate in effect for the Senior Secured Term Loan for the third quarter of 2023 interest payment was 14.00%.

Any repayment of principal prior to the second anniversary of the issuance date is subject to a call premium. The call premium is equal to the present value of all interest payments due through June 30, 2024, calculated using a discount rate equal to the applicable treasury rate as of the repayment date plus 50 basis points. The Company deemed that the fair value of the embedded derivative features which qualify for bifurcation was de minimis.

Concurrently, the Company entered into a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement which secures and guarantees the Senior Secured Term Loan with substantially all the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, other than the Company’s equity interests in Hi-Power and assets of Hi-Power. Additionally, interest is required to be escrowed in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of the four immediately following interest payments owed on the Loans which was $11,652 at September 30, 2023. This escrowed and restricted cash is presented on a separate line item on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as long-term restricted cash.

The agreements also contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. They limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments, including cash dividends on its common stock, make certain investments, loans and advances, enter into mergers and acquisitions, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its assets, enter into transactions with its affiliates and engage in sale and leaseback transactions, among other restrictions. Furthermore, the limitation on the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness also requires payment of principal and interest in kind on the 2021 Convertible Notes. While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of September 30, 2023 and currently expects to remain in compliance as of December 31, 2023, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on March 31, 2024 and thereafter (see Note 1, Overview for further discussion).

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	3,540	$	1,861	$	10,366	$	1,861
Amortization of debt discount	105		53		297		53
Amortization of debt issuance costs	929		495		2,624		495
Total	$	4,574	$	2,409	$	13,287	$	2,409

The Senior Secured Term Loan balance is as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	100,000	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,569)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,894)		(16,518)
Aggregate carrying value	$	84,537	$	81,616

Equipment Financing facility

The Company entered into an agreement on September 30, 2021 with Trinity Capital Inc. (“Trinity”) for a $25,000 equipment financing facility, the proceeds of which will be used to acquire certain manufacturing equipment, subject to Trinity’s approval. Each draw is executed under a separate payment schedule (a “Schedule”) that constitutes a separate financial instrument. The financing fees included in each Schedule are established through monthly payment factors determined by Trinity. Such monthly payment factors are based on the Prime Rate reported in The Wall Street Journal in effect on the first day of the month in which a Schedule is executed. The Company has drawn a portion of the facility as follows:

Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

On September 30, 2022, the equipment facility’s unused commitment of $13,784 expired.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total equipment financing debt outstanding was $6,467 and $8,577, respectively of which $3,211 and $2,872 are recorded as a current liability on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The Company recognized $265 and $190 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $874 and $615 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as interest expense attributable to the equipment financing agreement, respectively.

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Warrants Liability - Related Party

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrants Liability - Related Party

Warrants Liability - Related Party

The Company issued private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock to the sponsor of B. Riley Principal Merger Corp. II (“BMRG”) in conjunction with its initial public offering in 2020 (the “IPO warrants”). As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, BMRG had 274,400 and 325,000 IPO warrants outstanding, respectively, with fair values of $114 and $78, respectively.

In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of common stock and 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and in May 2023, the Company issued another 3,601,980 shares of common stock and 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock. The proceeds from the April 2023 and May 2023 Transactions were $40,000, and $8,000, respectively. The fair value of the warrants and common stock for the April 2023 and May 2023 Transactions at issuance was $66,366 and $13,267, respectively, which was greater than the proceeds. As such, the Company recorded the excess as losses in the amounts of $26,366 and $5,267, respectively, as a component of (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The warrants issued as part of the April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transaction (“April 2023 warrants” and “May 2023 warrants”, respectively) are classified as Level 3 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy (refer to Note 15, Fair Value Measurement). As of September 30, 2023, the April 2023 and May 2023 warrants were outstanding with fair values of $18,415 and $4,425, respectively.

For all warrants in aggregate, the change in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amounted to decreases in the liability of $34,406 and $6,677, respectively. The change in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 amounted to $(47) and $790, respectively. These changes have been recognized in (loss) gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

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Fair Value Measurement

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, warrants, convertible notes payable — related party, contract liabilities and long-term debt.

Accounting standards establish a hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Accounting standards require financial assets and liabilities to be classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and the exercise of this judgment may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The table below summarizes the fair values of certain liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and their designations among the three fair value measurement categories:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants	$	—	$	114	$	22,840	$	—	$	78	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	15,369	$	—	$	—	$	1,945

Warrants Liabilities

The IPO warrants are classified as Level 2 financial instruments in the table above. They are valued on the basis of the quoted price of the Company’s public warrants, adjusted for insignificant difference between the public warrants and the private placement warrants.

The April 2023 warrants and May 2023 warrants are classified as Level 3 financial instruments in the table above. The Company estimated the fair value of the April 2023 warrants and May 2023 warrants using the Black-Scholes model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, risk-free interest rate, volatility, and time to expiration. The volatility involves unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the April 2023 and May 2023 warrants are as follows:

April 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			April 12, 2023
Time to expiration	5.04 years			5.51 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.61
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%
May 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			May 15, 2023
Time to expiration	4.79 years			5.17 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.31
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

Embedded derivatives

The Company estimated the fair value of the embedded conversion features using a binomial lattice model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, the effective debt yield and expected volatility. The effective debt yield and volatility involve unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are as follows:

2021 Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	4.1	%
Volatility	70.0	%	80.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	25.0	%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		January 18, 2023
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	3.6	%
Volatility	70.0	%	70.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	40.0	%

Level 3 liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs. The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are designated as Level 3:

Level 3	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	42,767	$	707	$	1,945	$	12,359
Additions	—		—		42,191		21
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(27,398)		369		(28,767)		(11,304)
Balance at end of the period	$	15,369	$	1,076	$	15,369	$	1,076
Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	56,905	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—		29,553		—
Gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(34,065)		—		(6,713)		—
Balance at end of the period	$	22,840	$	—	$	22,840	$	—

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	3	$	863	$	703	$	863	$	677
2021 Convertible Notes*	3	90,169		53,997		82,950		62,421
Senior Secured Term Loan	3	84,537		54,256		81,616		77,576
AFG Convertible Notes*	3	26,091		27,451		—		—
Equipment financing facility	3	6,467		2,877		8,577		6,282
Yorkville Convertible Notes*	3	—		—		2,688		2,908
Total		$	208,127	$	139,284	$	176,694	$	149,864

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

The Company has lease commitments under lease agreements. As of September 30, 2023, future lease payments amounted to $5,736.

Minimum Volume Commitment

In June 2022, the Company entered into a long-term supply agreement with a minimum volume commitment with a third party, which provides services to process certain raw materials. Any purchase order issued under this supply agreement will be non-cancellable. To the extent the Company fails to order the guaranteed minimum volume defined in the contract at the end of the term, the Company is required to pay the counterparty an amount equal to the shortfall, if any, multiplied by a fee. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had open purchase commitments of $148 under this agreement. The Company believes it will meet the minimum volume commitment and no shortfall penalty has been accrued as of as of September 30, 2023.

Legal Proceedings

Delaware Section 205 Petition

On November 12, 2020, BMRG, the predecessor to the Company, held a special meeting of stockholders (the “BMRG Special Meeting”) to approve certain matters relating to the business combination between BMRG and Eos Energy Storage LLC.

One of these matters was a proposal to amend and restate BMRG’s certificate of incorporation in order to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 125,000,000 shares of common stock, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 25,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, and to reclassify all Class A common stock and Class B common stock as a single class of common stock (the “Charter Amendment Proposal”). The Charter Amendment Proposal was approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of BMRG as of the record date for the BMRG Special Meeting, voting together as a single class, although voting records indicate that a majority of each of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock also approved the Charter Amendment Proposal. After the BMRG Special Meeting, BMRG and Eos Energy Storage LLC closed the business combination and the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended to give effect to the Charter Amendment Proposal, became effective.

A recent ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery introduced uncertainty as to whether Section 242(b)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) would have required the Charter Amendment Proposal to be approved by separate votes of the majority of BMRG’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. To resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s capital structure, the Company filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the DGCL to seek validation of the Charter Amendment Proposal. Section 205 of the DGCL permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to ratify and validate potentially defective corporate acts.

On February 27, 2023, the Court of Chancery approved the Company’s request for relief and entered an order under Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (1) declaring the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”), including the filing and effectiveness thereof, as validated and effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 16, 2020, and all amendments effected thereby and (2) ordering that the Company’s securities (and the issuance of the securities) described in the Petition and any other securities issued in reliance on the validity of the Charter are validated and declared effective, each as of the original issuance dates.

Class Action Complaints

On March 8, 2023, Plaintiff Richard Delman filed a class action complaint (the “March Complaint”) in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The March Complaint names certain of the Company’s former directors as defendants. Neither the Company nor Eos Energy Storage LLC was named as a defendant in the March Complaint, but each was identified as a relevant non-party and the Company owes certain indemnification obligations relating to the lawsuit to the Company’s former directors. Although the Company is unable to predict the final outcome or estimate a potential range of loss at this stage of the proceedings, the Company accrued $722 for the probable loss included in accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023.

On August 1, 2023, a class action complaint was filed against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, and its former Chief Financial Officer (the “August Complaint”) in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey. The August Complaint asserts violations of the federal securities laws in connection with statements and alleged omissions relating to the Company’s business, prospects and reported backlog. The Company believes the August Complaint is without merit and intends to vigorously defend against this action.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation expense is associated with restricted stock units (“RSU”s) and stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting term. Stock options generally have a term of five to ten years and vest over periods ranging from three months to five years. RSUs generally vest over periods from three to four years. For awards with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on management’s estimation of achievement of performance conditions. The estimated performance conditions primarily relate to achievement of sales and financing targets. In June 2023, the Company modified 550,000 performance-based stock options that were issued in June 2022 and December 2022 by extending the period to meet certain performance conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, all performance conditions were met for these 550,000 options, therefore accelerating the vesting and respective expense.

Stock-based compensation expense included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:

	Three Months Ended  September 30,				Nine Months Ended  September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,048	$	1,357	$	2,027	$	2,778
Restricted stock units	3,408		2,259		8,096		8,215
Total	$	4,456	$	3,616	$	10,123	$	10,993

The stock compensation expense has been recorded in cost of goods sold, research and development expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses.As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense was $18,489 of which $17,860 was attributable to unvested RSUs and $629 was attributable to unvested stock options. Compensation expense for these unvested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 0.4 years for stock options and 2.2 years for RSUs.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $13 and $25, respectively, related to taxable earnings from the Company’s foreign operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, income tax expense was $110 and $45, respectively. The income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to the loss before income taxes. This is due to non-taxable income, foreign operations, and pre-tax losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized for U.S. income tax purposes.

The Company estimates and applies the annual effective tax rate to its ordinary earnings each interim period. Any significant unusual or infrequent items, if any, are not included in the estimation of the annual effective tax rate. Rather, these items and their related income tax expense are separately stated in the interim period in which they occur. The quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate and related tax expense is subject to variation due to a multitude of factors. Factors may include, but are not limited to, the inability to accurately predict the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and loss.

At each balance sheet date, management assesses the likelihood that the Company will be able to realize its deferred tax assets. Management considered all available positive and negative evidence in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate taxing jurisdiction during the future periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. Management has determined that it is unlikely that the Company will be able to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 due to cumulative losses. Therefore, the Company has a valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions that, if recognized, would not affect the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing jurisdiction, and none of the uncertain tax positions are expected to reverse within the next 12 months.

The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions, as well as Italy and India. The open tax years for federal returns are 2019 and forward, and open tax years for state returns are generally 2018 and forward. In addition, net operating losses generated in closed years and utilized in open years are subject to adjustment by the tax authorities.

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. There are two major corporate tax provisions included in the Act. In general, the IRA creates a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on any corporation that has (or has had) average annual “adjusted financial statement income” for a three-year period preceding the tax year that exceeds $1 billion. The CAMT is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA also imposes on publicly traded U.S. corporations a 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of their stock. The excise tax is effective for stock repurchases after December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect the aforementioned provisions in the IRA to have any material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In addition to the CAMT discussed above, the IRA has production tax credits that are discussed in Note 10, Government Grants.

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Shareholders’ Deficit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders’ Deficit

Shareholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.0001 par value. The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 156,378,778 and 82,653,781 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transactions

As discussed in Note 13, Warrants Liability - Related Party, the April 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 16,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $2.50 per share. The Company also issued 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase 16,000,000 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $3.14 per share, became exercisable in October 2023 and expire five and one-half years from the date of issuance.

The May 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 3,601,980 shares of common stock at a price of $2.221 per share. The Company also issued 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase 3,601,980 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.50 per share, and became exercisable in July 2023. The warrants expire five years from the date they were initially exercisable.

Treasury Stock

The Company recorded treasury stock of $136 and $77 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and $587 and $929 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for shares withheld from employees to cover the payroll tax liability of RSUs vested, respectively. The treasury stock was immediately retired.

Public Warrants

The Company sold warrants to purchase 9,075,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a public offering on May 22, 2020 (the “Public Warrants”). Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. There were no Public Warrants exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were 600 Public Warrants exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 7,052,254 and 7,001,654 public warrants outstanding, respectively.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA with Yorkville. Pursuant to the SEPA, as amended, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville up to $75,000 of shares of its common stock at the Company’s request at any time during the commitment period, which commenced on April 28, 2022 and will end on the earlier of (i) May 1, 2024, or (ii) the date on which Yorkville shall have made payment of advances requested by the Company totaling up to the commitment amount of $75,000. Each sale the Company requests under the SEPA (an “Advance”) may be for a number of shares of common stock with an aggregate value of up to $20,000. The SEPA provides for shares to be sold to Yorkville at 97.0% of market price. Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the SEPA, 465,117 shares were issued to Yorkville in April 2022 as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of common stock. The fair value of these shares of $1,061 was recorded as other expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, were $35,550. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total shares issued under the SEPA were 23,630,937.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes, were $12,350. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, total shares issued under the SEPA were 7,826,719.

On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

At-the-Market Offering Program

On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company LLC (“Cowen”), with respect to an ATM offering program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000 (the “Placement Shares”) through Cowen as its sales agent and/or principal. On August 23, 2023, Amendment No. 1 to the ATM increased the maximum aggregate offering price from $100,000 to $200,000.

The Company will pay Cowen a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any Placement Shares sold. The Company will also reimburse Cowen for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement. The Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Placement Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (ii) termination of the Sales Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth therein.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 28,938,944 shares raising proceeds of $81,897, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $2.74 per share.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The following table provides the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net income (loss) for basic earnings per share	$	14,932	$	(70,722)
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	4,449		—
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	(27,398)		—
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$	(8,017)	$	(70,722)
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	138,005,222		63,065,884
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes	14,836,450		—
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	1,344,677		—
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units	1,142,184		—
Dilutive effect of Stock Options	996,751		—
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding	156,325,284		63,065,884

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.11	$	(1.12)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(1.12)

Basic net earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method for warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units; and the if-converted method for convertible notes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Public and private placement warrants	7,326,654
Stock options	1,585,056

Since the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the potential dilutive shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and Convertible Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted EPS are computed using the same number of weighted-average shares for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Stock options and restricted stock units	9,239,612	7,934,865
Public and private placement warrants	26,928,634	7,326,654
Convertible Notes (if converted)	14,836,450	5,298,396

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Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated subsequent events through the issuance date of these financial statements. No material subsequent events were identified that require disclosure.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its 100% owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the information contained therein. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Reclassification of Prior Year PresentationCertain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Government Grants

Government Grants

The Company records grants received or receivable from government agencies as an offset to the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate the Company. The costs of satisfying the Company’s obligations under the respective grant agreements are recognized as expense when incurred. The Company recognizes grant money once it is reasonably assured that the Company will comply with the conditions of the grant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting standards or updates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that would have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue Recognition

Product revenues, which are generally recognized at a point in time, and service revenues, which are generally recognized over time, are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Product revenue	$	662	$	6,055	$	9,586	$	15,120
Service revenue	22		10		$	182	$	138
Total revenues	$	684	$	6,065	$	9,768	$	15,258

Schedule of Information about Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Contract assets, current and contract liabilities, current and long-term are included separately on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and contract assets, long-term are included under other assets.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	2,471	$	2,000
Contract liabilities	$	4,241	$	4,806

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table reconciles reported amounts from the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,970	$	38,431
Restricted cash (1)	3,439		1,885
Long-term restricted cash	11,652		10,731
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	73,061	$	51,047

(1) Restricted cash, current.

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table reconciles reported amounts from the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,970	$	38,431
Restricted cash (1)	3,439		1,885
Long-term restricted cash	11,652		10,731
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	73,061	$	51,047

(1) Restricted cash, current.

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Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The following table provides information about inventory balances:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	20,093	$	22,899
Work-in-process	475		361
Finished goods	—		—
Total inventory, net	$	20,568	$	23,260

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about property, plant and equipment, net balances:

	Estimated Useful lives	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment	5 to 10 years	$	20,831	$	23,653
Finance lease	5 years	504		379
Furniture	5 to 10 years	1,944		1,868
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/ remaining lease	7,285		6,303
Tooling	2 to 3 years	5,392		6,926
Total		35,956		39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(15,620)		(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	20,336	$	27,169

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll	$	4,501	$	2,706
Warranty reserve (1)	4,895		3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	3,037		840
Provision for contract losses	4,797		2,561
Insurance premium payable, current	2,438		2,607
Other	5,402		2,809
Total accrued expenses	$	25,070	$	15,359

(1) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Schedule of Warranty Reserve Activity

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	4,421	$	3,636	$	3,836	2,112
Additions for current period deliveries	58		962		455		2,463
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	416		—		1,124		1,321
Warranty costs incurred	—		(642)		(520)		(1,940)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	4,895	$	3,956	$	4,895	$	3,956

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Borrowings (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The Company’s debt obligations at carrying value consist of the following related and third-party borrowings:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Maturity Date	Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Notes Payable	June 2026	$	112,442	$	90,169	$	109,167	$	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	100,000		84,537		100,000		81,616
AFG Convertible Note	June 2026	15,390		26,091		—		—
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	6,467		6,467		8,577		8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note	June 2023	—		—		2,000		2,688
Total borrowings		234,299		207,264		219,744		175,831
Current portion		3,211		3,211		5,560		5,560
Total borrowings, non-current		$	231,088	$	204,053	$	214,184	$	170,271

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts, and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities.

The Senior Secured Term Loan balance is as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	100,000	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,569)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,894)		(16,518)
Aggregate carrying value	$	84,537	$	81,616

Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

Schedule of Interest Expense

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	1,686	$	1,590	$	4,960	$	4,677
Amortization of debt discount	1,365		1,065		3,822		2,532
Amortization of debt issuance costs	132		104		371		281
Total	$	3,183	$	2,759	$	9,153	$	7,490

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,020	$	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	192		550
Amortization of debt issuance costs	54		155
Total	$	1,266	$	3,364

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	3,540	$	1,861	$	10,366	$	1,861
Amortization of debt discount	105		53		297		53
Amortization of debt issuance costs	929		495		2,624		495
Total	$	4,574	$	2,409	$	13,287	$	2,409

Schedule of Balances Recognized upon Issuance of Convertible Notes

The balances for the 2021 Convertible Notes are as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Principal	$	112,442	$	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(21,027)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,032)		(2,402)
Embedded conversion feature	786		918
Aggregate carrying value	$	90,169	$	82,950

The balance for the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:

	September 30, 2023
Principal	$	15,390
Unamortized debt discount	(3,028)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(854)
Embedded conversion feature	14,583
Aggregate carrying value	$	26,091

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Liabilities

The table below summarizes the fair values of certain liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and their designations among the three fair value measurement categories:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants	$	—	$	114	$	22,840	$	—	$	78	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	15,369	$	—	$	—	$	1,945

Schedule of Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Warrants and Embedded Derivative Liabilities

The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the April 2023 and May 2023 warrants are as follows:

April 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			April 12, 2023
Time to expiration	5.04 years			5.51 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.61
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%
May 2023 warrants	September 30, 2023			May 15, 2023
Time to expiration	4.79 years			5.17 years
Common stock price	$	2.15		$	2.31
Risk-free interest rate	4.6		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are as follows:

2021 Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	4.1	%
Volatility	70.0	%	80.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	25.0	%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable	September 30, 2023		January 18, 2023
Term	2.75 years		3.5 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.8	%	3.6	%
Volatility	70.0	%	70.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	40.0	%

Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are designated as Level 3:

Level 3	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	42,767	$	707	$	1,945	$	12,359
Additions	—		—		42,191		21
Loss (gain) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(27,398)		369		(28,767)		(11,304)
Balance at end of the period	$	15,369	$	1,076	$	15,369	$	1,076
Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	56,905	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—		29,553		—
Gain on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(34,065)		—		(6,713)		—
Balance at end of the period	$	22,840	$	—	$	22,840	$	—

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows:

	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	3	$	863	$	703	$	863	$	677
2021 Convertible Notes*	3	90,169		53,997		82,950		62,421
Senior Secured Term Loan	3	84,537		54,256		81,616		77,576
AFG Convertible Notes*	3	26,091		27,451		—		—
Equipment financing facility	3	6,467		2,877		8,577		6,282
Yorkville Convertible Notes*	3	—		—		2,688		2,908
Total		$	208,127	$	139,284	$	176,694	$	149,864

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:

	Three Months Ended  September 30,				Nine Months Ended  September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Stock options	$	1,048	$	1,357	$	2,027	$	2,778
Restricted stock units	3,408		2,259		8,096		8,215
Total	$	4,456	$	3,616	$	10,123	$	10,993

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following table provides the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net income (loss) for basic earnings per share	$	14,932	$	(70,722)
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	4,449		—
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	(27,398)		—
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$	(8,017)	$	(70,722)
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	138,005,222		63,065,884
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes	14,836,450		—
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	1,344,677		—
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units	1,142,184		—
Dilutive effect of Stock Options	996,751		—
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding	156,325,284		63,065,884

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.11	$	(1.12)
Diluted	$	(0.05)	$	(1.12)

Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Shares Excluded From Diluted Net Loss Per Share

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Public and private placement warrants	7,326,654
Stock options	1,585,056

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Stock options and restricted stock units	9,239,612	7,934,865
Public and private placement warrants	26,928,634	7,326,654
Convertible Notes (if converted)	14,836,450	5,298,396

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Overview (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of operating segments | segment			1
Number of reportable segments | segment			1
Net loss	$ 14,932	$ (70,722)	$ (188,298)	$ (173,200)
Net cash used in operating activities			(107,578)	(159,129)
Accumulated deficit	(834,638)		(834,638)			$ (646,340)
Cash and cash equivalents	57,970	$ 38,431	57,970	$ 38,431		$ 17,076
Working capital	61,709		61,709
Outstanding debt	$ 3,211		$ 3,211
DOE Clean Energy Financing Program | Notes Payable
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount					$ 398,600

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Revenue Recognition - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 684	$ 6,065	$ 9,768	$ 15,258
Product revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	662	6,055	9,586	15,120
Service revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 22	$ 10	$ 182	$ 138

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Revenue Recognition - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Sales-type lease, term of contract	20 years		20 years
Sales-type lease, revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,166
Increase (decrease) in contract asset			471	2,626
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities			(565)	$ 572
Revenue recognized in contract liabilities			3,534
Increase from customer advance payments			2,969
Contract liabilities, current	3,285		3,285		$ 3,850
Contract liabilities, long-term	956		956		$ 956
Contract assets, current	2,401		2,401
Contract assets, long-term	$ 70		$ 70
Revenue Benchmark | Customer 1 | Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	51.40%	86.50%	91.00%	78.40%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer 2 | Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	35.50%	13.40%

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Revenue Recognition - Information about Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 2,471	$ 2,000
Contract liabilities	$ 4,241	$ 4,806

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 29, 2022 interest_payment
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Number of immediately following interest payments required to be escrowed	4

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 57,970	$ 17,076	$ 38,431
Restricted cash	3,439	2,725	1,885
Long-term restricted cash	11,652	11,422	10,731
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 73,061	$ 31,223	$ 51,047	$ 105,692

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Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 20,093	$ 22,899
Work-in-process	475	361
Finished goods	0	0
Total inventory, net	$ 20,568	$ 23,260

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Components of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 35,956	$ 39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(15,620)	(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	20,336	27,169
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 20,831	23,653
Equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	10 years
Finance lease
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 504	379
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,944	1,868
Furniture | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Furniture | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	10 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 7,285	6,303
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 5,392	$ 6,926
Tooling | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	2 years
Tooling | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	3 years

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Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment	$ 2,144	$ 1,571	$ 7,255	$ 3,817

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Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Capitalized cost	$ 130		$ 130
Amortization of capitalized computer software cost	11		31
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross patents value	$ 400		$ 400
Patents useful lives	10 years		10 years
Patents amortization expenses	$ 10	$ 10	$ 30	$ 30
Software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Patents useful lives	3 years		3 years

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Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration (Details) - Variable Interest Entity, not primary beneficiary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Loan commitment on the consolidated balance sheet	$ 863	$ 863
Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss	$ 2	$ 2

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued payroll	$ 4,501	$ 2,706
Warranty reserve	4,895	3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	3,037	840
Provision for contract losses	4,797	2,561
Insurance premium payable, current	2,438	2,607
Other	5,402	2,809
Total accrued expenses	$ 25,070	$ 15,359

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Accrued Expenses - Warranty Reserve Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$ 4,421	$ 3,636	$ 3,836	$ 2,112
Additions for current period deliveries	58	962	455	2,463
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	416	0	1,124	1,321
Warranty costs incurred	0	(642)	(520)	(1,940)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$ 4,895	$ 3,956	$ 4,895	$ 3,956

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Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Grant expense, net	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 4
California Energy Commission
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Noncurrent grants receivables	$ 245		$ 245		$ 263
Government Assistance, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other current assets		Other current assets
Production Tax Credits
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Government assistance amount	$ 109		$ 953
Current grants receivable	$ 953		$ 953
Government Assistance, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets		Other assets

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 18, 2023	Jul. 06, 2021
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payment made for debt issuance cost		$ 1,116,000	$ 0
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes payable	$ 100,000,000
Payment made for debt issuance cost	$ 3,000,000
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal						$ 100,000,000
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes | Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal				$ 13,750,000	$ 13,750,000
Paid-In-Kind Interest Rate				26.50%

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Borrowings - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	$ 234,299	$ 219,744
Current portion	3,211	5,560
Total borrowings, non-current	231,088	214,184
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	207,264	175,831
Current portion	3,211	5,560
Total borrowings, non-current	204,053	170,271
2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Carrying Value*
Convertible notes payable	90,169	82,950
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Convertible notes payable	112,442	109,167
Total borrowings	112,442	109,167
Carrying Value*
Convertible notes payable	90,169	82,950
Total borrowings	90,169	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	84,537	81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	100,000	100,000
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	84,537	81,616
AFG Convertible Note | Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Convertible notes payable	15,390	0
Carrying Value*
Convertible notes payable	26,091	0
Equipment financing facility
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	6,467	8,577
Equipment financing facility | Line of Credit
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	6,467	8,577
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	6,467	8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note | Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Convertible notes payable	0	2,000
Carrying Value*
Convertible notes payable	$ 0	$ 2,688

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Borrowings - Narrative (Details)						1 Months Ended		2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 10, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 17, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 01, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2023 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($) interest_payment	Feb. 28, 2023 shares	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Apr. 30, 2023 shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 29, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 05, 2022 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 06, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value									$ 207,264,000			$ 207,264,000		$ 175,831,000
Loss on debt extinguishment									0		$ 942,000	3,510,000	$ 942,000
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party												(25,919,000)	12,094,000
Interest payable									$ 2,706,000			$ 2,706,000		$ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Outstanding balance									$ 234,299,000			$ 234,299,000		$ 219,744,000
Long-term debt, current									3,211,000			3,211,000		2,872,000
Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party									61,804,000		(416,000)	(25,919,000)	12,094,000
Yorkville Convertible Notes | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal															$ 2,000,000
Converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) | shares							1,953,612
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note February 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value			$ 5,887,000
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note February 2023 | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal			5,000,000
Converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) | shares						3,879,706
Non-cash interest expense			$ 987,000
March 2023 Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value		$ 20,665,000
March 2023 Promissory Note | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal		15,000,000
Converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) | shares								8,641,918
Non-cash interest expense		$ 5,965,000
April 2023 Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 25,319,000
April 2023 Promissory Note | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	15,000,000
Converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) | shares										8,471,793
Non-cash interest expense	$ 10,619,000
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on debt extinguishment												3,510,000
Embedded Derivatives - Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party												6,922,000
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest payable									1,686,000			1,686,000		0
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal																		$ 100,000,000
Carrying Value									90,169,000			90,169,000		82,950,000
Embedded conversion feature									786,000			786,000		918,000
Gain (loss) on beneficial conversion feature									3,190,000		(369,000)	248,000	11,304,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party									3,183,000		2,759,000	9,153,000	7,490,000
Outstanding balance									$ 112,442,000			$ 112,442,000		$ 109,167,000
Coupon Interest Rate									40.00%			40.00%		25.00%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value				$ 16,623,000
Interest payable									$ 1,020,000			$ 1,020,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party				$ 2,873,000
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per unit (in dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 1.67
Percentage of stock price				130.00%
Threshold trading days | trading_day				20
Consecutive trading days | trading_day				30
Coupon Interest Rate				40.00%					40.00%			40.00%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal				$ 13,750,000			$ 13,750,000
Carrying Value									$ 26,091,000			$ 26,091,000
Embedded conversion feature									14,583,000			14,583,000
Gain (loss) on beneficial conversion feature									24,208,000			(8,132,000)
Paid-In-Kind Interest Rate							26.50%
Redemption percentage				100.00%
Non-cash interest expense - related party									1,266,000			3,364,000
Outstanding balance									15,390,000			15,390,000
Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value									84,537,000			84,537,000		$ 81,616,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | SOFR | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread					0.2616%
Senior Secured Term Loan | NYFRB | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread					0.50%
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal					$ 100,000,000
Carrying Value									84,537,000			84,537,000		81,616,000
Outstanding balance									100,000,000			100,000,000		100,000,000
Number of days prior to current maturity date					91 days
Minimum prepayment amount					$ 500,000,000
Repayment applicable treasury rate					0.50%
Number of immediately following interest payments required to be escrowed | interest_payment					4
Interest escrowed for loan									$ 11,652,000			$ 11,652,000
Senior Secured Term Loan | SOFR Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread					8.50%
Coupon Interest Rate									14.00%			14.00%
Senior Secured Term Loan | ABR Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate					7.50%
Equipment financing facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value									$ 6,467,000			$ 6,467,000		8,577,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party									265,000		190,000	874,000	615,000
Remaining borrowing capacity											$ 13,784,000		$ 13,784,000
Long-term line of credit									6,467,000			6,467,000		8,577,000
Long-term debt, current									3,211,000			3,211,000		2,872,000
Equipment financing facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value									6,467,000			6,467,000		8,577,000
Outstanding balance									$ 6,467,000			$ 6,467,000		$ 8,577,000
Coupon Interest Rate											16.20%		16.20%				14.30%
Maximum borrowing capacity																	$ 25,000,000

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Borrowings - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 18, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense		$ 1,686	$ 1,590	$ 4,960	$ 4,677
Amortization of debt discount		1,365	1,065	3,822	2,532
Amortization of debt issuance costs		132	104	371	281
Total		3,183	2,759	9,153	7,490
AFG Convertible Notes | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 2,873
AFG Convertible Notes | Convertible Notes | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense		1,020		2,659
Amortization of debt discount		192		550
Amortization of debt issuance costs		54		155
Total		1,266		3,364
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt | Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense		3,540	1,861	10,366	1,861
Amortization of debt discount		105	53	297	53
Amortization of debt issuance costs		929	495	2,624	495
Total		$ 4,574	$ 2,409	$ 13,287	$ 2,409

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Borrowings - Net Carrying Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 18, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 234,299		$ 219,744
Total borrowings	207,264		175,831
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	112,442		109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(21,027)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,032)		(2,402)
Embedded conversion feature	786		918
Total borrowings	90,169		82,950
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowings		$ 16,623
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Convertible Notes | Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	15,390
Unamortized debt discount	(3,028)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(854)
Embedded conversion feature	14,583
Total borrowings	26,091
Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowings	84,537		81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	100,000		100,000
Total borrowings	84,537		81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan | Secured Debt | Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	100,000		100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,569)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,894)		(16,518)
Total borrowings	$ 84,537		$ 81,616

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Borrowings - Equipment Financing Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		22 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross Amount of Initial Draw			$ 0	$ 4,216
Line of Credit | Equipment financing facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross Amount of Initial Draw	$ 4,216	$ 7,000			$ 11,216
Coupon Interest Rate	16.20%	14.30%		16.20%
Debt Issuance Costs	$ 96	$ 175	$ 271	$ 96

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Warrants Liability - Related Party (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	May 22, 2020
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)			7,052,254		7,052,254		7,001,654
Warrants liability - related party			$ 22,954		$ 22,954		$ 78
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)								9,075,000
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party					(25,919)	$ 12,094
Common Stock | April 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)		16,000,000
Common Stock | May 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)	3,601,980
Related Party
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party			61,804	$ (416)	(25,919)	12,094
(Decrease) increase in fair value			$ (34,406)	$ (47)	$ (6,677)	$ 790
Related Party | Common Stock | IPO Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)			274,400		274,400		325,000
Warrants liability - related party			$ 114		$ 114		$ 78
Related Party | Common Stock | April 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants liability - related party		$ 66,366	18,415		18,415
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)		16,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of warrants		$ 40
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party		$ 26,366
Related Party | Common Stock | May 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants liability - related party	$ 13,267		$ 4,425		$ 4,425
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)	3,601,980
Proceeds from issuance of warrants	$ 8
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	$ 5,267

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Fair Value Measurement - Fair Value of Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	$ 22,954	$ 78
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	0	0
Level 1 | Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	114	78
Level 2 | Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	22,840	0
Level 3 | Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	$ 15,369	$ 1,945

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Fair Value Measurement - Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Warrants (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares	May 15, 2023 $ / shares	Apr. 12, 2023
Time to expiration | April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration	5 years 14 days		5 years 6 months 3 days
Time to expiration | May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration	4 years 9 months 14 days	5 years 2 months 1 day
Common stock price | April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	2.15		2.61
Common stock price | May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	2.15	2.31
Risk-free interest rate | April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.046		0.034
Risk-free interest rate | May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.046	0.034
Volatility | April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.700		0.700
Volatility | May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.700	0.700

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Fair Value Measurement - Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liabilities (Details) - Convertible Notes		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 18, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Term		2 years 9 months	3 years 6 months
Effective debt yield		40.00%	25.00%
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Dividend yield
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0	0
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0.048	0.041
2021 Convertible Notes Payable | Volatility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0.700	0.800
AFG Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Term	3 years 6 months	2 years 9 months
Effective debt yield	40.00%	40.00%
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Dividend yield
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0	0
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0.036	0.048
AFG Convertible Notes Payable | Volatility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0.700	0.700

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Fair Value Measurement - Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Warrants
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	$ 56,905	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Additions	0	0	29,553	0
Gain (Loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(34,065)	0	(6,713)	0
Balance at end of the period	22,840	0	22,840	0
Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	42,767	707	1,945	12,359
Additions	0	0	42,191	21
Gain (Loss) on change in fair value of derivatives - related party	27,398	(369)	28,767	11,304
Balance at end of the period	$ 15,369	$ 1,076	$ 15,369	$ 1,076

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Fair Value Measurement - Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 207,264	$ 175,831
Carrying Value	208,127	176,694
Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	863	863
2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	90,169	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	84,537	81,616
AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	26,091	0
Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	6,467	8,577
Yorkville Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	0	2,688
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	139,284	149,864
Level 3 | Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	703	677
Level 3 | 2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	53,997	62,421
Level 3 | Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	54,256	77,576
Level 3 | AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	27,451	0
Level 3 | Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,877	6,282
Level 3 | Yorkville Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 2,908

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 12, 2020	Nov. 11, 2020
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Future lease payments	$ 5,736
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000	200,000,000	125,000,000
Loss contingency accrual	$ 722
Common Class A
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)				100,000,000
Common Class B
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)				25,000,000
Minimum Volume Commitment
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Non-cancellable purchase commitment	$ 148

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense		$ 18,489	$ 18,489
Unrecognized stock compensation expense attributable to stock option		$ 629	$ 629
Stock options | Performance Conditions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	550,000
Vested (in shares)		550,000
Stock options | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options term			5 years
Vesting term			3 months
Stock options | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options term			10 years
Vesting term			5 years
Stock options | Weighted Average
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			4 months 24 days
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense attributable to RSUs		$ 17,860	$ 17,860
Restricted stock units | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			3 years
Restricted stock units | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			4 years
Restricted stock units | Weighted Average
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term			2 years 2 months 12 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 4,456	$ 3,616	$ 10,123	$ 10,993
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	1,048	1,357	2,027	2,778
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 3,408	$ 2,259	$ 8,096	$ 8,215

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Income Taxes - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 13	$ 110	$ 25	$ 45

XML

Shareholders’ Deficit (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 05, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 28, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Aug. 23, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 22, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 shares	May 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jan. 18, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares	Nov. 12, 2020 shares	Nov. 11, 2020 shares	May 22, 2020 $ / shares shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)			1,000,000		1,000,000								1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)			0		0								0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			0		0								0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)			300,000,000		300,000,000								300,000,000			200,000,000	125,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001							$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Number of votes for each share | vote			1		1
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)			156,378,778		156,378,778								82,653,781
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			156,378,778		156,378,778								82,653,781
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)																		9,075,000
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares																		$ 11.50
Shares withheld from employee to cover payroll tax liability | $			$ 136	$ 77	$ 587	$ 929
Warrants outstanding (in shares)			7,052,254		7,052,254								7,001,654
Other Operating Income (Expense)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock | $		$ 1,061
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Authorized value of stock to be sold | $		75
Each sale aggregate value | $		$ 20,000
Share price as percentage of market price		97.00%
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)		465,117
Cash received on issuance of shares | $					$ 35,550
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)					23,630,937	7,826,719
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock | $						$ 12,350
ATM
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Authorized value of stock to be sold | $	$ 100,000						$ 200	$ 100
Cash received on issuance of shares | $			$ 81,897		$ 81,897
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)			28,938,944		28,938,944
Commission on gross sale proceeds	3.00%
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 2.74		$ 2.74
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			156,378,778	74,082,289	156,378,778	74,082,289			127,309,960				82,653,781	58,519,739	53,786,632
Exercise of warrants (in shares)			0	600	0	600
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)						465,117
Common Stock | April 2023 warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)											16,000,000
Warrant issuance price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares											$ 2.50
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares											$ 3.14
Common Stock | May 2023 warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)										3,601,980
Warrant issuance price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares										$ 2.221
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares										$ 2.50
Time to expiration										5 years

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Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Net income (loss) for basic earnings per share	$ 14,932	$ (70,722)
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	4,449	0
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	(27,398)	0
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$ (8,017)	$ (70,722)
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding (in shares)	138,005,222	63,065,884	114,209,090	57,705,811
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes (in shares)	14,836,450	0
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	1,344,677	0
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding (in shares)	156,325,284	63,065,884	114,209,090	57,705,811
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ (1.12)	$ (1.65)	$ (3.00)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.05)	$ (1.12)	$ (1.65)	$ (3.00)
Restricted stock units
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units and Stock Option (in shares)	1,142,184	0
Stock options and restricted stock units
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units and Stock Option (in shares)	996,751	0

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Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Because their Effect Would have been Anti-dilutive for the Periods (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock options and restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share		7,934,865	9,239,612	7,934,865
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	1,585,056
Public and private placement warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	7,326,654	7,326,654	26,928,634	7,326,654
Convertible Notes (if converted)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share		5,298,396	14,836,450	5,298,396