In 2006, 23andMe, Inc. established its 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2006 Plan”), which provides for the grant of stock options and restricted stock to its employees, directors, officers, and consultants. The 2006 Plan allows for time-based or performance-based vesting for the awards. The 2006 Plan has been amended and restated at various times since its adoption. As of March 31, 2022, there have been no performance-based awards granted under the 2006 Plan.

On June 10, 2021, at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of VGAC (the “VGAC Shareholder Meeting”), the shareholders of VGAC approved the 23andMe Holding Co. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and reserved 136,000,000 authorized shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. In addition, all equity awards of 23andMe, Inc. that were issued under the 2006 Plan were converted into comparable equity awards that are settled or exercisable for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. As a result, each 23andMe, Inc. stock option was converted into an option to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock based on an exchange ratio of 2.293698169. As of the effective date of the 2021 Plan, no further stock awards have been or will be granted under the 2006 Plan.

The 2021 Plan authorizes the issuance or transfer of up to 136,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting in 2022, in an amount equal to (i) 22,839,019 shares of Class A common stock, (ii) 3.0% of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding, or (iii) a lesser number of shares determined by the Company’s Board of Directors prior to the applicable January 1. In November 2021, in connection with the Lemonaid Acquisition, the Company registered an additional 2,990,386 shares of Class A common stock issuable under the 2021 Plan, which represent shares of Class A common stock issuable in exchange for outstanding options initially granted under Lemonaid Health’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.

Options under the 2021 Plan have a contractual life of up to ten years. The exercise price of a stock option shall not be less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors. For Incentive Stock Options (“ISO”) as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% stockholder shall not be less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the underlying stock on the date of grant as determined by the Board of Directors. The Company’s options generally vest over four years. Under the 2021 Plan, stock option awards entitle the holder to receive one share of Class A common stock for every option exercised.

In connection with the Merger, all of the 23andMe, Inc. option holders received an equivalent award at an exchange ratio of 2.293698169 that vest in accordance with the original terms of the award. The Company determined this to be a Type I modification but did not record any incremental stock-based compensation expense since the fair value of the modified awards immediately after the modification was not greater than the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification.

In February 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors adopted an RSU conversion and deferral program for non-employee directors. The purpose of the program is to provide directors with the option to convert all or a portion of their cash compensation into an RSU award under the 2021 Plan and the opportunity to defer settlement of all or a portion of their RSU awards. As of March 31, 2022, no directors have elected to convert any of their cash compensation or defer settlement of any of their RSU awards under the program.

In March 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors adopted an annual incentive plan under the 2021 Plan (the "2022 AIP") effective April 1, 2022. The purpose of the 2022 AIP is to provide an incentive and to reward participants in the plan for achieving certain, pre-established performance targets through RSUs. The performance targets may include the Company-wide objectives and/or individual performance goals.

Stock option activity and activity regarding shares available for grant under the 2021 Plan is as follows:


	Options Outstanding
	Outstanding Stock Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price			Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands, except share, years, and per share data)
Balance as of March 31, 2021		29,375,026		$	9.37		7.1		$	403,498
Recapitalization		38,002,437		$	(5.28	)
Balance as of March 31, 2021		67,377,463		$	4.09
Granted		14,968,952		$	4.37
Exercised		(5,808,526	)	$	2.90
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired		(2,928,324	)	$	4.80
Balance as of March 31, 2022		73,609,565		$	4.21			6.9	$	35,979
Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2022		42,902,557		$	3.84			5.6	$	27,504

The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $4.44, $3.02 and $2.73 per share, respectively. The intrinsic value of vested options exercised for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $25.6 million, $47.6 million and $19.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $104.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years. Due to a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, the Company did not recognize any tax benefit from stock option exercises for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

The Black-Scholes assumptions used to value stock options at the grant dates are as follows:


	Year Ended March 31,
	2022						2021						2020
	Min			Max			Min			Max			Min			Max
Expected term (years)		3.3			6.1			4.0			6.1			5.0			6.1
Expected volatility		72	%		75	%		61	%		68	%		53	%		62	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.0	%		2.5	%		0.2	%		0.5	%		0.6	%		2.2	%
Expected dividend yield		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%

Under the 2006 Plan and 2021 Plan, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The RSUs vest ratably over a period ranging from one to four years and are subject to the participant’s continuing service to the Company over that period. Until vested, RSUs do not have the voting and dividend participation rights of common stock and the shares underlying the awards are not considered issued and outstanding.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity under the equity incentive plans and related information:


	RSUs
	Unvested RSUs			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share

Balance as of March 31, 2021		—			—
Granted		11,943,645		$	9.83
Vested		(801,794	)	$	10.90
Cancelled/forfeited		(465,473	)	$	11.08
Balance as of March 31, 2022		10,676,378		$	9.70

As of March 31, 2022, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding unvested RSUs was $96.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.5 years.

In November 2021, the Company granted 3,747,027 shares of Class A common stock subject to vesting with an aggregate grant date fair value of $43.9 million in connection with the acquisition of Lemonaid Health. Vesting of the shares is contingent on each recipient’s continued employment, both of whom are part of the management team within the General and Administrative department. Accordingly, the Company has recognized stock-based compensation expense related to these awards of $4.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 within general and administrative expenses. The expense will be recognized over a four-year vesting period with quarterly vesting and no cliff. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $39.4 million will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.6 years.

On June 10, 2021, at the VGAC Shareholder Meeting, the shareholders of VGAC approved the 23andMe Holding Co. ESPP. A total of 11,420,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock reserved for issuance will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2023, by the lesser of (i) an amount equal to one percent (1.0%) of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding as of the last day of the immediately preceding December 31st, (ii) 5,000,000 shares, or (iii) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion.

The ESPP provides for concurrent 12-month offerings with purchases each six months commencing on March 1 and September 1 of each year with purchases on August 31 and February 28 of each year. As of March 31, 2022, no shares of the Company’s Class A common stock have been purchased under the ESPP. Employees participating in the ESPP commence payroll withholdings that accumulate through the end of the respective offering period. As of March 31, 2022, $0.6 million has been withheld via employee payroll deductions for employees who have opted to participate in the purchase period ending August 31, 2022.

The total share-based compensation expense related to stock options by line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is summarized as follows:


	Year Ended March 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	4,029	$	858	$	733
Research and development		26,540		21,771		16,524
Sales and marketing		5,122		4,081		3,988
General and administrative		22,242		59,986		18,932
Restructuring and other charges	—			—		881
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	57,933	$	86,696	$	41,058

The 2006 Plan allows for option awards that include the right to early exercise options for shares of common stock. For the options granted to the CEO (who is a related party), the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the CEO to exercise unvested options to purchase shares of common stock. Under the terms of the 2006 Plan, any shares issued as a result of the CEO’s early exercise are subject to repurchase, at the option of the Company, at the original issuance price in the event of the CEO’s termination of service as a Service Provider (as defined in the 2006 Plan) for any reason, until the options would have been fully vested. In August 2020, the CEO was granted options for 6,881,095 shares, which were eligible for early exercise. In September 2020, the CEO exercised all 6,881,095 unvested stock options. The cash proceeds received for such exercise were $34.7 million. In February 2021, the CEO exercised an option for 11,029,071 shares of Class B common stock, including both vested and unvested shares, for a cash purchase price of $32.6 million. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, the CEO exercised a total of 11,108,906 unvested stock options early for a total of $47.2 million in cash proceeds. There were no early exercises during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2020.

In February 2021, the Board of Directors modified option awards granted to the CEO, which accelerated the vesting of all 15,621,041 unvested common shares previously purchased by the CEO. Stock-based compensation expense of $40.4 million was recorded to General and Administrative expenses which represented the recognition of the remaining unrecognized compensation expense associated with these grants as of the date of modification. As a result of the Board-approved accelerated vesting of these early exercised unvested shares, there were no early exercise liabilities as of March 31, 2022 and 2021.

As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no common stock subject to repurchase. As of March 31, 2020, 8,739,945 shares of Class B common stock were subject to repurchase, at a weighted average repurchase price of $11.50 per share.