Stock Incentive Plan and Stock-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Incentive Plan and Stock-based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plan and Stock-based Compensation

14. STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2020 Stock Incentive Plan

In connection with the Company’s IPO, the board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”), in order to facilitate the grant of cash and equity incentives to directors, employees (including the Company’s named executive officers) and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), SARs, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other stock or cash-based awards.

Stock options and stock appreciation rights under the 2020 Plan have a 10-year contractual term and vest over the vesting period specified in the applicable award agreement, at achievement of a performance requirement, or upon change of control (as defined in the applicable plan). RSUs vest over the vesting period specified in the applicable award agreement, at achievement of a performance requirement, or upon change of control (as defined in the applicable plan). As of March 31, 2023, there were 4,647,087 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. The number of shares that may be issued under the 2020 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4.0% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year or (ii) an amount determined by the Company’s board of directors.

2017 Stock Incentive Plan

In August 2017, the Company adopted an equity incentive plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors of the Company can be paid incentive compensation measured by the value of the Company’s shares of common stock through grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), or restricted stock. Following the adoption of the 2020 Plan, no further grants have been, or will be, made under the 2017 Plan. However, the 2017 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of outstanding awards granted under it.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual
	Awards	Price		Term
Awards outstanding—December 31, 2022	6,460,947	$	30.90	7.86
Awards issued	99,797	$	41.52
Awards exercised	(324,301)	$	12.06
Awards forfeited	(158,798)	$	21.61
Awards outstanding—March 31, 2023	6,077,645	$	32.32	7.77

Stock Appreciation Rights

The following table summarizes SARs activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual
	Awards	Price		Term
Awards outstanding—December 31, 2022	43,208	$	9.38	6.32
Awards issued	—	$	—
Awards exercised	—	$	—
Awards forfeited	—	$	—
Awards outstanding—March 31, 2023	43,208	$	9.38	6.08

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

				Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Number of	Grant Date		Contractual
	Awards	Fair Value		Term
Awards outstanding—December 31, 2022	60,000	$	29.03	8.24
Awards issued	—	$	—
Awards vested	(30,000)	$	29.03
Awards forfeited	—	$	—
Awards outstanding—March 31, 2023	30,000	$	29.03	7.99

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, stock awards issued under the 2017 and 2020 Plans of 2,219,090 and 1,818,045 shares of common stock, respectively, were vested.

Value of Stock Options and SARs

The Company values options and SARs using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company lacks sufficient historical company-specific volatility information. Therefore, the Company estimates expected stock volatility based on historical volatility of peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. For options with service-based vesting conditions, the expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. For SARs, the expected term is based upon the weighting of certain future events. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for the time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. An expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

The assumptions used to value the awards are summarized in the following table.

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Dividend yield	0.00	%	0.00	%
Expected volatility	76.32	%	72.57 - 77.08	%
Risk-free interest rate	3.55 - 3.63	%	1.99 - 4.05	%
Lack of marketability discount	0.00	%	0.00	%
Expected term (years)	2.9 - 6.3		3.1 - 6.3

Value of RSUs

The fair value of RSUs is equal to the value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

The weighted average per share fair value of awards issued under the 2017 Plan and 2020 Plan was $19.83 and $18.88 on March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in the following line items:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Research and development expense	$	976	$	518
Sales and marketing expense		1,073		976
General and administrative expense		4,512		3,402
	$	6,561	$	4,896

Stock-based compensation expense, net related to options and RSUs issued under the 2017 Plan and 2020 Plan is included in stockholder’s equity, and a liability for SARs is included in other non-current liabilities, in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2023, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to options and RSUs was $77,333. Such amount will be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on April 30, 2021. The ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a 15% discount from the lesser of the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the first day of the offering period or the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date. Funds are collected from employees through after-tax payroll deductions. The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP was initially 629,805, which will automatically increase on January 1 of each year in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding year or (ii) an amount determined by the Company’s board of directors. It is intended that the ESPP meet the requirements for an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. There were no shares issued under the ESPP for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The discount on the ESPP was $105 and $94 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded within stock-based compensation expense.