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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-39252

________________________________________

Clover Health Investments, Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

________________________________________

Delaware	98-1515192
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3401 Mallory Lane, Suite 210 Franklin, Tennessee	37067
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (201) 432-2133

________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	CLOV	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  o    No  x

As of August 2, 2022, the registrant had 383,247,718 shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 94,395,168 shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

1

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	5
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	45
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	45
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
Item 5.	Other Information	45
Item 6.	Exhibits	46
Signatures

2

As used in this report, "Company," "Clover," "Clover Health," "we," "us," "our," and similar terms refer to Clover Health Investments, Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements contained in this document other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations, financial position, market size and opportunity, our business strategy and plans, the factors affecting our performance and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "could," "should," “would," "can," "expect," "project," "outlook," "forecast," "objective," "plan," "potential," "seek," "grow," "target," "if," and the negative or plural of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risk factors described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this document may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this document involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks related to:

•our expectations regarding results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows;

•our expectations regarding the development and expansion of our Insurance and Non-Insurance businesses;

•our ability to successfully enter new service markets and manage our operations;

•anticipated trends and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate;

•our ability to expand our beneficiary base and provider network;

•our ability to maintain and increase adoption and use of Clover Assistant;

•the anticipated benefits associated with the use of Clover Assistant, including our ability to utilize the platform to manage our medical care ratios;

•our ability to develop new features and functionality that meet market needs and achieve market acceptance;

•our ability to retain and hire necessary employees and staff our operations appropriately;

•the timing and amount of certain investments in growth;

•the effect of uncertainties related to the global COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, and financial condition;

•the outcome of any known and unknown litigation and regulatory proceedings;

•any current, pending, or future legislation, regulations or policies that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses, including rules, regulations, and policies relating to healthcare and Medicare;

•our ability to maintain or improve our Star Ratings or otherwise continue to improve the financial performance of our business;

•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property; and

•general economic conditions, including the societal and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its variants, and geopolitical uncertainty and instability.

We caution you that the foregoing list of judgments, risks, and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements may not be complete. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur or may be materially different from what we expect. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this document or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

This document contains estimates, projections, and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for our products. We obtained the industry, market, and similar data set forth in this document from our own internal estimates and research and from industry research, publications, surveys, and studies conducted by third parties, including governmental agencies, and such information is inherently subject to uncertainties. Actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances that are assumed in this information. You are cautioned not to give undue weight to any such information, projections, or estimates.

3

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including without limitation, the important factors described in our reports filed with the SEC, including the discussion under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC and available on its website at www.sec.gov, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Additional Information

Our website address is www.cloverhealth.com. Our filings with the SEC are posted on our website and available free of charge as soon as reasonably practical after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The SEC's website, www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The content on our website or on any other website referred to in this document is not incorporated by reference in this document. Further, the Company's references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Channels for Disclosure of Information

Investors and others should note that we routinely announce material information to investors and the marketplace using filings with the SEC, press releases, public conference calls, presentations, webcasts, and the investor relations page of our website. We use the investor relations page of our website for purposes of compliance with Regulation FD and as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, financial information, and corporate governance practices. We also intend to use certain social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the Company and our products to our customers, investors, and the public, including @CloverHealth and #CloverHealth on Twitter, and the LinkedIn account of our President, Andrew Toy. The information posted on social media channels is not incorporated by reference in this report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC. While not all of the information that we post to the investor relations page of our website or to social media accounts is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in the Company to review the information that we share at the "Investors" link located at the bottom of our webpage at https://investors.cloverhealth.com/investor-relations and to sign up for and regularly follow our social media accounts. Users may automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company when enrolling an email address by visiting "Email Alerts" in the "Investor Resources" section of our website at https://investors.cloverhealth.com/investor-relations.

4

Part I

Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

	June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	324,471	$	299,968
Short-term investments	104,005		293,851
Investment securities, available-for-sale (Amortized cost: 2022: $80,608; 2021: $21,142)	79,997		21,131
Investment securities, held-to-maturity (Fair value: 2022: $0; 2021: $307)	—		305
Accrued retrospective premiums	34,768		34,923
Other receivables	14,485		14,282
Healthcare receivable	77,967		48,042
Non-Insurance performance year receivable	1,164,682		—
Surety bonds and deposits	14,756		12,613
Prepaid expenses	20,266		9,409
Other assets, current	25,649		18,022
Total current assets	1,861,046		752,546
Investment securities, available-for-sale (Amortized cost: 2022: $181,788; 2021: $177,527)	174,046		175,604
Investment securities, held-to-maturity (Fair value: 2022: $361; 2021: $364)	351		335
Equity method investment	1,950		—
Property and equipment, net	2,376		2,287
Operating lease right-of-use assets	4,496		5,367
Goodwill and other intangible assets	4,233		4,233
Other assets, non-current	14,708		10,432
Total assets	$	2,063,206	$	950,804

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

	June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2021
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Unpaid claims	$	160,151	$	138,604
Due to related parties, net	1,536		2,320
Non-Insurance performance year obligation, current	1,214,312		36,891
Non-Insurance payable	120,365		37,773
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	30,108		28,129
Accrued salaries and benefits	14,696		15,147
Operating lease liabilities	2,073		3,059
Premium deficiency reserve	55,314		110,628
Other liabilities, current	111		73
Total current liabilities	1,598,666		372,624
Notes and securities payable, net of discounts and deferred issuance costs	19,956		19,938
Long-term operating lease liabilities	4,594		4,830
Other liabilities, non-current	13,068		14,095
Total liabilities	1,636,284		411,487
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders' equity
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 2,500,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021; 383,008,614 and 352,645,626 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively	37		34
Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021; 94,395,168 and 118,206,768 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively	9		12
Additional paid-in capital	2,237,648		2,154,187
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,353)		(1,934)
Accumulated deficit	(1,796,228)		(1,616,738)
Less: Treasury stock, at cost; 1,931,537 and 14,730 shares held as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively	(6,191)		(147)
Clover stockholders' equity	426,922		535,414
Noncontrolling interest	—		3,903
Total stockholders' equity	426,922		539,317
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,063,206	$	950,804

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share and share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
Premiums earned, net (Net of ceded premiums of $119 and $126 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively; net of ceded premiums of $238 and $250 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	$	268,505	$	195,357	$	546,674	$	394,733
Non-Insurance revenue	577,370		216,373		1,172,268		216,373
Other income	825		742		2,137		1,691
Total revenues	846,700		412,472		1,721,079		612,797
Operating expenses:
Net medical claims incurred	858,786		458,503		1,720,508		672,923
Salaries and benefits	70,491		62,167		139,582		128,191
General and administrative expenses	47,040		45,646		104,737		84,264
Premium deficiency reserve (benefit) expense	(27,657)		27,900		(55,314)		27,900
Depreciation and amortization	586		118		1,412		278
Other expense	—		—		—		191
Total operating expenses	949,246		594,334		1,910,925		913,747
Loss from operations	(102,546)		(181,862)		(189,846)		(300,950)
Change in fair value of warrants payable	—		134,512		—		49,006
Interest expense	390		1,211		793		2,386
Amortization of notes and securities discounts	18		26		18		13,686
Loss (gain) on investment	1,227		—		(11,167)		—
Net loss	$	(104,181)	$	(317,611)	$	(179,490)	$	(366,028)
Per share data:
Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders – basic and diluted (1)	$	(0.22)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.38)	$	(0.93)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic and diluted weighted average number of Class A and Class B common shares and common share equivalents outstanding (1)	476,061,809		408,156,682		474,553,609		395,422,849
Net unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale investments	$	(1,095)	$	70	$	(6,419)	$	(423)
Comprehensive loss	$	(105,276)	$	(317,541)	$	(185,909)	$	(366,451)

(1) Because the Company had a net loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company's potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options, restricted stock, preferred stock, and warrants to purchase shares of common stock and preferred stock, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

	Convertible Preferred stock			Class A and Class B Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Noncontrolling interest		Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020	139,444,346	$	447,747	89,206,266	$	9	—	$	—	$	411,867	$	(1,028,982)	$	10	$	3,903	$	(613,193)
Stock issuance for exercise of stock options, net of early exercise liability	—	—		761,480	—		—	—		1,282		—		—		—		1,282
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		42,713		—		—		—		42,713
Unrealized holdings loss on investment securities, available-for-sale	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(493)		—		(493)
Preferred stock conversion	(139,444,346)	(447,747)		139,444,346	14		—	—		447,733		—		—		—		447,747
Issuance of common stock related to exercises of legacy warrants	—	—		7,205,490	1		—	—		97,781		—		—		—		97,782
Convertible debt conversion and other issuances	—	—		75,084,703	7		—	—		16,052		—		—		—		16,059
Issuance of common stock in connection with Business Combination and PIPE offering	—	—		96,398,800	10		—	—		666,232		—		—		—		666,242
Capital contribution for extinguishment of debt	—	—		—	—		—	—		126,795		—		—		—		126,795
Acquisition of Public and Private Placement Warrants	—	—		—	—		—	—		(147,582)		—		—		—		(147,582)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(48,417)		—		—		(48,417)
Balance, March 31, 2021	—	$	—	408,101,085	$	41	—	$	—	$	1,662,873	$	(1,077,399)	$	(483)	$	3,903	$	588,935
Stock issuance for exercise of stock options, net of early exercise liability	—	—		204,366	—		—	—		435		—		—		—		435
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		43,026		—		—		—		43,026
Unrealized holdings gain on investment securities, available-for-sale	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		70		—		70
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(317,611)		—		—		(317,611)
Balance, June 30, 2021	—	$	—	408,305,451	$	41	—	$	—	$	1,706,334	$	(1,395,010)	$	(413)	$	3,903	$	314,855
Balance, December 31, 2021	—	$	—	470,852,394	$	46	14,730	$	(147)	$	2,154,187	$	(1,616,738)	$	(1,934)	$	3,903	$	539,317
Stock issuance for exercise of stock options, net of early exercise liability	—	—		151,620	—		—	—		331		—		—		—		331
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		40,640		—		—		—		40,640
Vested restricted stock units	—	—		2,074,756	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Vested performance restricted stock units	—	—		8,951	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Unrealized holdings loss on investment securities, available-for-sale	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(5,324)		—		(5,324)
Treasury stock acquired	—	—		—	—		1,879,063	(5,939)		—		—		—		—		(5,939)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	—		214,797	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(3,903)		(3,903)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(75,309)		—		—		(75,309)
Balance, March 31, 2022	—	$	—	473,302,518	$	46	1,893,793	$	(6,086)	$	2,195,158	$	(1,692,047)	$	(7,258)	$	—	$	489,813
Stock issuance for exercise of stock options, net of early exercise liability	—	—		4,016,336	—		—	—		563		—		—		—		563
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		41,927		—		—		—		41,927

8

Vested restricted stock units	—	—		84,928	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Treasury stock acquired	—	—		—	—		37,744	(105)		—		—		—		—		(105)
Unrealized holdings gain on investment securities, available-for-sale	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,095)		—		(1,095)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(104,181)		—		—		(104,181)
Balance, June 30, 2022	—	$	—	477,403,782	$	46	1,931,537	$	(6,191)	$	2,237,648	$	(1,796,228)	$	(8,353)	$	—	$	426,922

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(179,490)	$	(366,028)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	1,412		278
Amortization of notes and securities discounts and debt issuance costs	18		13,686
Stock-based compensation expense	82,567		85,739
Change in fair value of warrants payable and amortization of warrants	—		49,006
Accretion, net of amortization	(35)		87
Net realized losses on investment securities	16		63
Gain on investment	(11,167)		—
Premium deficiency reserve	(55,314)		27,900
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued retrospective premiums	155		(2,390)
Other receivables	(203)		(12,289)
Performance year receivable	12,739		—
Surety bonds and deposits	(2,143)		(15,578)
Prepaid expenses	(10,857)		(6,705)
Other assets	(7,529)		(4,600)
Healthcare receivables	(29,925)		6,887
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,513		1,720
Unpaid claims	20,763		28,752
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,979		(1,978)
Accrued salaries and benefits	(451)		6,272
Other liabilities	(989)		870
Performance year obligation	—		18,809
Non-Insurance payable	82,592		14,530
Operating lease liabilities	(1,864)		(2,055)
Net cash used in operating activities	(96,213)		(157,024)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments, available-for-sale, and held-to-maturity securities	(169,889)		(323,451)
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments and available-for-sale securities	5,881		36,865
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments, available-for-sale, and held-to-maturity securities	290,455		200,265
Purchases of property and equipment	(331)		(290)
Acquisition of Character Biosciences, Inc. Series A preferred shares	(250)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	125,866		(86,611)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment of notes payable principal	—		(30,925)
Issuance of common stock, net of early exercise liability	894		1,717
Proceeds from reverse recapitalization, net of transaction costs	—		666,242
Treasury stock acquired	(6,044)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(5,150)		637,034
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	24,503		393,399
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	299,968		92,348
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	324,471	$	485,747
Supplemental cash flow disclosures
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	—	$	1,677
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities
Performance year receivable	$	(1,177,421)	$	(436,334)
Performance year obligation	1,177,421		436,334
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	—		447,747
Issuance of common stock related to convertible debt	—		16,059
Capital contribution for extinguishment of debt	—		126,795
Issuance of common stock related to warrants exercised	—		97,782
Acquisition of public and private Warrants	—		147,582
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	642		204
Recognition of equity method investments and preferred stock	8,644		—
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest	3,903		—
Conversion of Character Biosciences, Inc. convertible note to preferred stock	250		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

10

CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Operations

Clover Health Investments, Corp. (collectively with its affiliates and subsidiaries, "Clover" or the "Company") is singularly focused on creating great, sustainable healthcare to improve every life. Clover has centered its strategy on building and deploying technology through its flagship software platform, Clover Assistant, to help America’s seniors receive better care at lower costs.

Clover provides affordable, high-quality Medicare Advantage ("MA") plans, including Preferred Provider Organization ("PPO") and Health Maintenance Organization ("HMO") plans, through its regulated insurance subsidiaries. The Company's regulated insurance subsidiaries consist of Clover Insurance Company and Clover HMO of New Jersey Inc., which operate the Company's PPO and HMO health plans, respectively. On April 1, 2021, the Company's subsidiary, Clover Health Partners, LLC, began participating as a Direct Contracting Entity ("DCE") in the Global and Professional Direct Contracting Model ("DC Model") of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS"), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, through which the Company provides care to aligned Original Medicare beneficiaries (the "Non-Insurance Beneficiaries"). Medical Service Professionals of NJ, LLC, houses Clover's employed physicians and the related support staff for Clover's in-home care program. Clover's administrative functions and insurance operations are primarily operated by its Clover Health, LLC and Clover Health Labs, LLC subsidiaries.

Clover's approach is to combine technology, data analytics, and preventive care to lower costs and increase the quality of health and life of Medicare beneficiaries. Clover's technology platform is designed to use machine learning-powered systems to deliver data and insights to physicians at the point of care in order to improve outcomes for beneficiaries and drive down costs. Clover's MA plans generally provide access to a wide network of primary care providers, specialists, and hospitals, enabling its members to see any doctor participating in Medicare willing to accept them. Clover focuses on minimizing members' out-of-pocket costs and offers many plans that allow members to pay the same co-pays for primary care provider visits regardless of whether their physician is in- or out-of-network. Through its Non-Insurance operations, the Company assumes full risk (i.e., 100.0% shared savings and shared losses) for the total cost of care of aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries, empowers providers with Clover Assistant, and offers a variety of programs aimed at reducing expenditures and preserving or enhancing the quality of care for Non-Insurance Beneficiaries. For additional information related to the Company's Non-Insurance operations, see Note 16 in this report.

Clover was originally incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on October 18, 2019, as a special purpose acquisition company under the name Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. III ("SCH"). On October 5, 2020, SCH entered into a Merger Agreement (the "Merger Agreement") with Clover Health Investments, Corp., a corporation originally incorporated on July 17, 2014, in the state of Delaware ("Legacy Clover"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and a favorable vote of SCH's stockholders at an extraordinary general meeting on January 6, 2021 (the "Special Meeting"), on January 7, 2021, Asclepius Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a newly formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of SCH ("Merger Sub"), merged with and into Legacy Clover. The separate corporate existence of Merger Sub ceased, Legacy Clover survived and merged with and into SCH, with SCH as the surviving corporation, and SCH was redomesticated as a Delaware corporation and renamed Clover Health Investments, Corp. (the "Business Combination"). The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). Under the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Legacy Clover is treated as the "acquirer" for financial reporting purposes, Legacy Clover is deemed the accounting predecessor of the combined business, and Clover Health Investments, Corp., as the parent company of the combined business, is the successor Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") registrant, meaning that Legacy Clover's financial statements for previous periods are disclosed in periodic reports filed with the SEC.

The Business Combination has had and will have a significant impact on the Company's future reported financial position and results as a consequence of the reverse recapitalization. The Business Combination closed on January 7, 2021, and on the following day the Company's Class A Common Stock and then outstanding public warrants were listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbols "CLOV" and "CLOVW," respectively, for trading in the public market.

For additional information, see Note 1 (Organization and Operations) and Note 3 (Business Combination) included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the "2021 Form 10-K").

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The Company's interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the Company has made all necessary

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adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position and its results of operations for the interim periods presented. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidating these financial statements. Investments over which we exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for using the applicable accounting treatment based on the nature of the investment. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes to the financial statements included in the 2021 Form 10-K.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.

The areas involving the most significant use of estimates are the amounts of incurred but not reported claims. Many factors can cause actual outcomes to deviate from these assumptions and estimates, such as changes in economic conditions, changes in government healthcare policy, advances in medical technology, changes in treatment patterns, and changes in average lifespan. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine with precision the ultimate amounts that it will pay for, or the timing of payment of actual claims, or whether the assets supporting the liabilities will grow to the level the Company assumes prior to payment of claims. If the Company's actual experience is different from its assumptions or estimates, the Company's reserves may prove inadequate. As a result, the Company would incur a charge to operations in the period in which it determines such a shortfall exists, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, and financial condition. Other areas involving significant estimates include risk adjustment provisions related to Medicare contracts and the valuation of the Company's investment securities, goodwill and other intangible assets, reinsurance, premium deficiency reserve, warrants, embedded derivative related to convertible securities, stock-based compensation, recoveries from third parties for coordination of benefits, Direct Contracting benchmark, specifically cost trend and risk score estimates that can develop over time, and final determination of medical cost adjustment pools.

Equity method of accounting and variable interest entities

Investments in entities in which the Company does not have control but its ownership falls between 20.0% and 50.0%, or it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

The Company continuously assesses its partially-owned entities to determine if these entities are variable interest entities ("VIEs") and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, required to consolidate the VIE. To make this determination, the Company applies a qualitative approach to determine whether the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the rights to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to that VIE. If the Company has an interest in a VIE but is determined to not be the primary beneficiary, the Company accounts for the interest under the equity method of accounting.

Segment information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company's CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has two reporting segments: Insurance and Non-Insurance.

Performance guarantees

Certain of the Company's arrangements with third-party providers require it to guarantee the performance of its care network to CMS. As a result of the Company's participation in the DC Model, the Company determined that it was making a performance guarantee with respect to providers under the Non-Insurance arrangement that should be recognized in the financial statements. Accordingly, a liability for the performance guarantee was recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Each month, as the performance guarantee is fulfilled, the guarantee is amortized on a straight-line basis for the amount that represents the completed performance. With respect to each performance year in which the DCE is a participant, the final consideration due to the DCE from CMS ("shared savings") or the consideration due to CMS from the DCE ("shared loss") is reconciled in the subsequent years following the performance year. The shared savings or loss is measured periodically and will be applied to the Non-Insurance performance obligation or Non-Insurance performance receivable if the Company is in a probable loss position or probable savings position, respectively. The DCE has entered into a surety bond agreement with CMS and a third-party surety to cover the reserve requirement of fifty percent. The reserve requirement is determined by CMS.

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Capitalized software development costs - cloud computing arrangements

The Company's cloud computing arrangements are mostly comprised of hosting arrangements that are service contracts, whereby the Company gains remote access to use enterprise software hosted by the vendor or another third party on an as-needed basis for a period of time in exchange for a subscription fee. Implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements are capitalized if certain criteria are met and consist of internal and external costs directly attributable to developing and configuring cloud computing software for its intended use. These capitalized implementation costs are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in other assets, and are generally amortized over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the associated hosting arrangement on a straight-line basis.

Deferred acquisition costs

Acquisition costs directly related to the successful acquisition of new business, which are primarily made up of commissions costs, are deferred and subsequently amortized. Deferred acquisition costs are recorded as other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and are amortized over the estimated life of the related contracts. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, there were no deferred acquisition costs as a result of the acceleration of amortization for deferred acquisition costs due to the recognition of a premium deficiency reserve. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, charges related to deferred acquisition costs of $1.9 million and $13.7 million, respectively, were recognized in general and administrative expenses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, charges related to deferred acquisition costs of $6.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively, were recognized in general and administrative expenses.

COVID-19

The societal and economic impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic and its variants are continuing to evolve, and the ultimate impact on the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows is uncertain and difficult to predict. The global pandemic has severely impacted businesses worldwide, including many in the health insurance sector. In response to the pandemic, the Company has implemented additional steps related to its care delivery, member support, and internal policies and operations.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Accounting pronouncements effective in future periods

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, which was subsequently amended by ASU 2019-09, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and ASU 2020-11, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application. ASU 2020-11 was issued in consideration of the implications of COVID-19 and to provide transition relief and additional time for implementation by deferring the effective date by one year. The amendments in ASU 2018-12 make changes to a variety of areas to simplify or improve the existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity. The amendments require insurers to annually review the assumptions they make about their policyholders and update the liabilities for future policy benefits if the assumptions change. The amendments also simplify the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and add new disclosure requirements about the assumptions used to measure liabilities and the potential impact to future cash flows. The amendments related to the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment contracts and deferred acquisition costs are to be applied to contracts in force as of the beginning of the earliest period presented, with an option to apply such amendments retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the earliest period presented. The amendments for market risk benefits are to be applied retrospectively. ASU 2020-11 is effective for public entities beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effects the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and ASU 2020-11 will have on its financial statements.

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3. Investment Securities

The following tables present amortized cost and fair values of investments as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively:

June 30, 2022	Amortized cost		Accumulated unrealized gains		Accumulated unrealized losses		Fair value
	(in thousands)
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	351	$	36	$	(26)	$	361
Investment securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	241,182		29		(8,372)		232,839
Corporate debt securities	21,214		8		(18)		21,204
Total investment securities	$	262,747	$	73	$	(8,416)	$	254,404

December 31, 2021	Amortized cost		Accumulated unrealized gains		Accumulated unrealized losses		Fair value
	(in thousands)
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	640	$	40	$	(9)	$	671
Investment securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	198,669		10		(1,944)		196,735
Total investment securities	$	199,309	$	50	$	(1,953)	$	197,406

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of June 30, 2022, by contractual maturity:

June 30, 2022	Held-to-maturity				Available-for-sale
	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	—	$	—	$	80,608	$	79,997
Due after one year through five years	241		215		181,788		174,046
Due after five years through ten years	—		—		—		—
Due after ten years	110		146		—		—
Total	$	351	$	361	$	262,396	$	254,043

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, net investment income, which is included within other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, was derived from the following sources:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	136	$	—	$	138	$	—
Short-term investments	50		40		121		77
Investment securities	277		37		514		84
Investment income, net	$	463	$	77	$	773	$	161

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Gross unrealized losses and fair values aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021:

June 30, 2022	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss
	(in thousands, except number of positions)
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	189,720	$	(6,114)	$	28,462	$	(2,284)	$	218,182	$	(8,398)
Corporate debt securities	11,377		(18)		—		—		11,377		(18)
Total	$	201,097	$	(6,132)	$	28,462	$	(2,284)	$	229,559	$	(8,416)
Number of positions	33				8				41

December 31, 2021	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss		Fair value		Unrealized loss
	(in thousands, except number of positions)
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities	$	187,251	$	(1,555)	$	7,902	$	(398)	$	195,153	$	(1,953)
Total	$	187,251	$	(1,555)	$	7,902	$	(398)	$	195,153	$	(1,953)
Number of positions	18				4				22

The Company did not record any credit allowances for debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

As of June 30, 2022, all securities were investment grade, with credit ratings of BBB+ or higher by S&P Global or as determined by other credit rating agencies within the Company's investment policy. Unrealized losses on investment grade securities are principally related to changes in interest rates or changes in issuer or sector related credit spreads since the securities were acquired. The gross unrealized investment losses as of June 30, 2022, were assessed, based on, among other things:

•The relative magnitude to which fair values of these securities have been below their amortized cost was not indicative of an impairment loss;

•The absence of compelling evidence that would cause the Company to call into question the financial condition or near-term prospects of the issuer of the applicable security; and

•The Company's ability and intent to hold the applicable security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery.

Proceeds from sales and maturities of investment securities, inclusive of short-term investments, and related gross realized gains (losses) which are included within other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities	$	5,881	$	19,598	$	5,881	$	36,865
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities	140,455		200,000		290,455		200,265
Gross realized gains	5		1		5		17
Gross realized losses	(21)		(3)		(21)		(80)
Net realized losses	$	(16)	$	(2)	$	(16)	$	(63)

As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company had $14.2 million and $11.1 million, respectively, in deposits with various states and regulatory bodies that are included as part of the Company's investment balances.

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4. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present a summary of fair value measurements for financial instruments as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively:

June 30, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total fair value
	(in thousands)
U.S. government and government agencies	$	—	$	232,839	$	—	$	232,839
Corporate debt securities	—		21,204		—		21,204
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	254,043	$	—	$	254,043

December 31, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total fair value
	(in thousands)
U.S. government and government agencies	$	—	$	196,735	$	—	$	196,735
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	196,735	$	—	$	196,735

For additional information regarding the fair value measurements for financial instruments, see Note 5 (Fair Value Measurements) in the 2021 Form 10-K. For additional information regarding the liabilities, see Note 12 (Notes and Securities Payable), Note 13 (Warrants Payable), and Note 14 (Derivative Liabilities) in the 2021 Form 10-K.

The fair value of Legacy Clover's convertible securities was based on Level 3 inputs, which were unobservable and reflected management's best estimate of what market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. There was no fair value associated with convertible securities at June 30, 2022, due to the conversion of the securities to shares of the Company's common stock upon the completion of the Business Combination.

There were no changes in balances of Legacy Clover's Level 3 financial liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The changes in balances of Legacy Clover's Level 3 financial liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, were as follows:

	Convertible securities		Derivative liabilities		Warrants payable		Total
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	949,553	$	44,810	$	97,782	$	1,092,145
Issuances	—		—		—		—
Settlements	(949,553)		(44,810)		(97,782)		(1,092,145)
Transfers in	—		—		—		—
Transfers out	—		—		—		—
Total realized losses (gains)	—		—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

In addition to the Level 3 financial liabilities in the table above, on September 25, 2020, Seek Insurance Services, Inc. ("Seek"), a field marketing organization and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a note purchase agreement with a third-party investor and issued a note (the "Seek Convertible Note") in the principal amount of $20.0 million, for which the carrying value is approximately the same as the fair value. For additional information, see Note 8 (Notes and Securities Payable). As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, both the carrying value, which includes accrued interest, and the fair value of the Seek Convertible Note were $22.8 million and $22.0 million, respectively, and these were considered Level 3 financial liabilities. Seek is currently in the process of winding down its operations.

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 financial assets or liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

Warrants

Warrants were accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrants payable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The warrant liabilities were measured at fair value at inception and measured on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrants payable in the Condensed Consolidated Statement

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of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company determined that the public warrants assumed in connection with the Business Combination were classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value was equal to the publicly traded price of the public warrants, and the private placement warrants, also assumed in connection with the Business Combination, were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value was estimated using the price of the public warrants. On July 22, 2021, the Company issued a press release stating that it would redeem all of its public and private placement warrants. In connection with the redemption, effective August 24, 2021, the public warrants were delisted and classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the fair value of the public warrants was based on proportional changes in the price of the Company’s common stock. The end of the redemption period was September 9, 2021, at which time the Company redeemed all unexercised public and private placement warrants at a price of $0.10 per warrant. Following the redemption, no public or private placement warrants were outstanding. For additional information, see Note 5 (Fair Value Measurements) and Note 13 (Warrants Payable) in the 2021 Form 10-K.

5. Healthcare Receivables

Healthcare receivables include pharmaceutical rebates which are accrued as they are earned and estimated based on contracted rebate rates, eligible amounts submitted to the manufacturers by the Company's pharmacy manager, pharmacy utilization volume, and historical collection patterns. Also included in healthcare receivables are Medicare Part D settlement receivables, member premium receivables, and other CMS receivables. The Company reported $78.0 million and $48.0 million of healthcare receivables at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

6. Related Party Transactions

Related party agreements

The Company has various contracts with IJKG Opco LLC (d/b/a CarePoint Health - Bayonne Medical Center), Hudson Hospital Opco, LLC (d/b/a CarePoint Health - Christ Hospital) and Hoboken University Medical Center Opco LLC (d/b/a CarePoint Health - Hoboken University Medical Center), which collectively do business as the CarePoint Health System ("CarePoint Health"), for the provision of inpatient and hospital-based outpatient services. CarePoint Health was ultimately held and controlled by Vivek Garipalli, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and a significant stockholder of the Company. In May 2022, Mr. Garipalli and his family completed a donation of their interest in CarePoint Health to a non-profit organization called CarePoint Health Systems, Inc. Following the donation, Mr. Garipalli has remained a Manager of Hudson Hospital Propco, LLC, an affiliate of Hudson Hospital Opco, LLC. Additionally, certain affiliates of Mr. Garipalli are owed certain money from CarePoint Health for prior obligations, and Mr. Garipalli has an indirect interest in Sequoia Healthcare Services, LLC, which provides healthcare services to CarePoint Health. Expenses and fees incurred related to these contracts, recorded in net medical claims incurred, were $3.1 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $5.7 million and $6.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, $1.5 million and $2.3 million were payable to CarePoint Health as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company has contracted with Rogue Trading, LLC ("Rogue"), a marketing services provider. The Company's President, Andrew Toy, is related to the Chief Executive Officer of Rogue. There were no expenses and fees related to these contracts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. Expenses and fees incurred related to these contracts were $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

The Company has a contract with Medical Records Exchange, LLC (d/b/a ChartFast) pursuant to which the Company receives administrative services related to medical records via ChartFast's electronic applications and web portal platform. ChartFast is ultimately owned and controlled by Mr. Garipalli. Expenses and fees incurred related to this agreement were $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

On July 2, 2021, the Company entered into a contract with Thyme Care, Inc. ("Thyme Care"), an oncology benefit management company, through which Thyme Care was engaged to provide concierge cancer coordination services to the Company's Insurance members in New Jersey and develop a provider network to help ensure member access to high-value oncology care. Mr. Garipalli is a member of the board of directors of Thyme Care and holds an equity interest of less than five percent (5%) of that entity. Expenses and fees incurred related to this agreement were $0.5 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

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7. Unpaid Claims

Activity in the liability for unpaid claims, including claims adjustment expenses, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, is summarized as follows:

Six Months Ended June 30,	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Gross and net balance, beginning of period (1)	$	136,317	$	103,976
Incurred related to:
Current year	529,440		424,968
Prior years	(20,228)		3,053
Total incurred	509,212		428,021
Paid related to:
Current year	408,580		310,717
Prior years	84,180		88,728
Total paid	492,760		399,445
Gross and net balance, end of period (1)(2)	$	152,769	$	132,552

(1)    Includes amounts due to related parties.

(2)    Differs from the total unpaid claims amount reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets due to the fact the figure here excludes unpaid claims for the Company's Non-Insurance operations of $8.9 million and $4.6 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Unpaid Claims for Insurance Operations

Unpaid claims for Insurance operations were $152.8 million as of June 30, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, $84.2 million was paid for incurred claims attributable to insured events of prior years. A favorable development of $20.2 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2022, resulting from the Company's actual experience with claims developing differently as compared to the Company's estimates as of December 31, 2021. An unfavorable development of $3.1 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2021, resulting from the Company's actual experience with claims developing differently as compared to the Company's estimates as of December 31, 2020. Original estimates are increased or decreased, as additional information becomes known regarding individual claims. The ratio of current year medical claims paid as a percentage of current year net medical claims incurred was 77.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, and 73.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This ratio serves as an indicator of claims processing speed, indicating that claims were processed at a faster rate during the six months ended June 30, 2022, than during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

The Company uses a variety of standard actuarial techniques to establish unpaid claims reserves. Management estimates are supported by the Company's actuarial analysis. The Company utilizes an internal actuarial team to review the adequacy of unpaid claim and unpaid claim adjustment expense. The estimation of claim costs is inherently difficult and requires significant judgment. The estimation has considerable inherent variability and can fluctuate significantly depending upon several factors, including medical cost trends and claim payment patterns, general economic conditions, and regulatory changes. The time value of money is not taken into account for the purposes of calculating the liability for unpaid claims. Management believes that the current reserves are adequate based on currently available information.

8. Notes and Securities Payable

Seek Convertible Note

On September 25, 2020, Seek issued the Seek Convertible Note in the principal amount of $20.0 million. The note bears simple interest at an annual rate of 8.0% and matures on September 25, 2023, unless earlier accelerated, converted, or paid in full. The outstanding principal and any accrued but unpaid interest will become immediately due and payable at the election of the note holder upon the occurrence of any event of default as defined in the note. The outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest will convert into an equity interest in Seek if prior to maturity, repayment, or conversion of the note: (1) the note holder elects to convert the note, (2) upon the closing of Seek's next equity financing; or (3) upon consummation of an initial public offering of Seek's common stock or a SPAC or reverse merger transaction with Seek. The Seek Convertible Note is not guaranteed by Clover Health Investments, Corp. or any of its subsidiaries, other than Seek.

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The Company analyzed the embedded features for derivative accounting consideration and determined that the features are clearly and closely related to the debt host and do not require separate accounting as a derivative.

The carrying amount of the note was $20.0 million and $19.9 million at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company capitalized $0.1 million of issuance costs which are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the note. Unamortized debt issuance costs were less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million at June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021. Amortization of the debt issuance costs and interest expense on the note was $0.4 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The effective interest rate was 8.2% during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 8.1% during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The below table summarizes maturities of the Company's securities payable over the next five years as of June 30, 2022:

	(in thousands)
2023	$	20,000
2024	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
Total	$	20,000

Seek is currently in the process of winding down its operations. The Company currently expects that the Seek Convertible Note will be terminated upon the dissolution of Seek.

9. Letter of Credit

On April 19, 2018, the Company entered into a secured letter of credit agreement (the "Letter") required for its subsidiary, Clover HMO of New Jersey, Inc., for an aggregate amount of up to $2.5 million with a commercial lender that renews on an annual basis. The Letter bears interest at a rate of 0.75%. There was an unused balance of $2.5 million at both June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

10. Stockholders' Equity and Convertible Preferred Stock

Stockholders’ Equity

The Company was authorized to issue up to 2,500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and up to 500,000,000 shares of Class B common stock as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021. As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, there were 383,008,614 and 352,645,626 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. There were 94,395,168 and 118,206,768 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and Class A common stock has one vote per share. The Company had 1,931,537 and 14,730 shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts represent shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of employee stock-based awards.

The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share, and the Company's board of directors (the "Board") has the authority to determine the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares. As of June 30, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Issuance of Common Stock

In November 2021, the Company sold 52,173,913 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $5.75 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $300.0 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses payable by the Company, of $16.2 million.

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Convertible Preferred Stock

Each share of Legacy Clover's preferred stock was convertible at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, all outstanding shares of Legacy Clover's preferred stock automatically converted into 139,444,346 shares of Class B Common Stock upon the closing of the Business Combination. For additional information, see Note 3 (Business Combination) in the 2021 Form 10-K.

11. Variable Interest Entity and Equity Method of Accounting

On February 4, 2022, Character Biosciences, Inc. (f/k/a Clover Therapeutics Company) ("Character Biosciences"), a subsidiary of the Company, completed a private capital transaction in which it raised $17.9 million from the issuance of 16,210,602 shares of its preferred stock. Upon completion of the transaction, the Company owned approximately 25.46% of Character Biosciences. As a result, the Company reassessed its interest in Character Biosciences and determined that while Character Biosciences is a VIE, the Company is not considered as the primary beneficiary of the VIE because it does not have the power, through voting or similar rights and the license agreements, to direct the activities of Character Biosciences that most significantly impact Character Biosciences' economic performance.

The Company determined that it does have a significant influence over Character Biosciences and, therefore, it began accounting for its common stock investment in Character Biosciences using the equity method on February 4, 2022. The Company derecognized all of Character Biosciences' assets and liabilities from its balance sheet and its noncontrolling interest related to Character Biosciences, and recognized the retained common stock and preferred stock equity interests at fair values of $3.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively, which are included in equity method investment and other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and recognized a loss of $1.2 million and gain of $11.2 million, respectively, which is included in loss (gain) on investment on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

As the Company applies the equity method to account for its common stock interest in Character Biosciences, the initial value of the investment is adjusted periodically to recognize (1) the proportionate share of the investee’s net income or losses after the date of investment, (2) additional contributions made and dividends or distributions received, and (3) impairment losses resulting from adjustments to net realizable value. The Company eliminates all intercompany transactions in accounting for equity method investments and records the proportionate share of the investee’s net income or loss in equity in loss on investment on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

With respect to the Company's preferred stock equity interest in Character Biosciences, the Company elected the measurement alternative to value this equity investment without a readily determinable fair value in accordance with ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities. The carrying amount of the investment is included in other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In accordance with ASC 321, for each reporting period, the Company completes a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether the investment is impaired.

12. Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Savings Plan

The Company has a defined contribution retirement savings plan (the "401(k) Plan") covering eligible employees, which includes safe harbor matching contributions based on the amount of employees' contributions to the 401(k) Plan. The Company contributes to the 401(k) Plan annually 100.0% of the first 4.0% compensation that is contributed by the employee up to 4.0% of eligible annual compensation after one year of service. The Company's service contributions to the 401(k) Plan amounted to approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in salaries and benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company's cash match is invested pursuant to the participant's contribution direction. Employer contributions are immediately 100.0% vested.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company's 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") provides for grants of restricted stocks units ("RSUs") and options to acquire shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to employees, directors, officers, and consultants of the Company, and the Company's 2020 Management Incentive Plan (the "2020 MIP") provides for grants of RSUs to our Chief Executive Officer and President. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company approved the 2020 Plan and the 2020 MIP, and the

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Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") was terminated. On March 9, 2022, the Board adopted the 2022 Inducement Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan" and, collectively with the 2020 Plan, the 2020 MIP, and the 2014 Plan, the "Plans") and reserved 11,000,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the Inducement Plan. The Inducement Plan was adopted by the Board without stockholder approval pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. In accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, awards under the Inducement Plan may be made only to an employee who has not previously been an employee or member of the Board, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, if he or she is granted such award in connection with his or her commencement of employment with the Company, and such grant is an inducement material to his or her entering into employment with the Company.

The maximum number of shares of the Company's common stock reserved for issuance over the term of the Plans, shares outstanding under the Plans, and shares remaining under the Plans as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were as follows:

June 30, 2022	Shares Authorized Under Plans	Shares Outstanding Under Plans	Shares Remaining Under Plans
2014 Plan	54,402,264	37,106,511	N/A
2020 Plan	17,044,920	14,393,003	16,239,281
2020 MIP	33,426,983	30,084,285	—
Inducement Plan	11,000,000	6,201,550	4,798,450

December 31, 2021	Shares Authorized Under Plans	Shares Outstanding Under Plans	Shares Remaining Under Plans
2014 Plan	54,402,264	41,905,875	N/A
2020 Plan	30,641,401	6,690,048	23,442,323
2020 MIP	33,426,983	33,426,983	—

Effective as of the closing of the Business Combination, the 2014 Plan was terminated, at which time the outstanding awards previously granted thereunder were assumed by the Company, and no new awards are available for grant under the 2014 Plan. Shares that are expired, terminated, surrendered, or canceled under the 2014 Plan without having been fully exercised are available for awards under the 2020 Plan. Shares may be issued from authorized but unissued Company stock.

The Plans are administered by the Talent and Compensation Committee of the Board (the "Compensation Committee"). The options are subject to the terms and conditions applicable to options granted under the Plans, as described in the applicable Plan and the applicable stock option grant agreement. The exercise prices, vesting, and other restrictions applicable to the stock options are determined at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, except that the exercise price per share of incentive stock options may not be less than 100.0% of the fair value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Stock options awarded under the Plans expire 10 years after the grant date. Incentive stock options and non-statutory options granted to employees, directors, officers, and consultants of the Company typically vest over four or five years. RSU awards are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plans and the applicable RSU grant agreement. Vesting and other restrictions applicable to RSU awards are determined at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The number of shares of common stock subject to an RSU award is determined by dividing the cash value of an RSU award by the average closing price of a share of the Company's Class A common stock over a specified period through the date of grant, and such awards typically vest over four years from the grant date. The total estimated fair value is amortized as an expense over the requisite service period as approved by the Compensation Committee.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for options, RSUs, and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") granted under the Plans, the Inducement Plan, and discounts offered in connection with the Company's 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") of $41.9 million and $43.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $82.6 million and $85.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and such expenses are presented in salaries and benefits in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Compensation cost presented in salaries and benefits in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss were as follows:

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Three Months Ended June 30,	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Stock options	$	1,175	$	1,375
RSUs	18,368		14,277
PRSUs	22,197		27,374
ESPP	187		—
Total compensation cost recognized for stock-based compensation plans	$	41,927	$	43,026

Six Months Ended June 30,	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Stock options	$	2,479	$	5,069
RSUs	35,283		28,329
PRSUs	44,558		52,341
ESPP	247		—
Total compensation cost recognized for stock-based compensation plans	$	82,567	$	85,739

As of June 30, 2022, there was approximately $388.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, RSUs, PRSUs, and the ESPP, estimated to be recognized over a period of 3.96 years.

Stock Options

No stock options were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The assumptions that the Company used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	1.06	%
Expected term (in years)	6.06
Expected volatility	37.74	%
Expected dividend yield	—

A summary of option activity under the 2020 Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is as follows:

	Number of options	Weighted-average exercise price
Outstanding, January 1, 2022	1,753,799	$	8.88
Granted during 2022	—	—
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited	(140,410)	(8.88)
Outstanding, June 30, 2022	1,613,389	$	8.88

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A summary of option activity under the 2014 Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is as follows:

	Number of options	Weighted-average exercise price
Outstanding, January 1, 2022	31,155,742	$	2.35
Granted during 2022	—	—
Exercised	(4,167,956)	(0.21)
Forfeited	(634,742)	(2.42)
Outstanding, June 30, 2022	26,353,044	$	2.69

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the Company's common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company's common stock.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was $3.36 per share.

As of June 30, 2022, outstanding stock options, substantially all of which are expected to vest, had an aggregate intrinsic value of $5.0 million, and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 6.79 years. As of June 30, 2022, there were 20,401,636 options exercisable under the Plan, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $5.0 million, a weighted-average exercise price of $2.87 per share, and a weighted-average remaining contractual term of 6.49 years. The total value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, was $11.3 million and $8.2 million, respectively. Cash received from stock option exercises during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, totaled $0.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Pursuant to the terms of the applicable Plan and stock option award agreement, employees may exercise options at any time after grant while maintaining the original vesting period. The proceeds from exercise of unvested options are recorded as a liability until the option vests at which time the liability is reclassified to equity. If the employee terminates or otherwise forfeits an unvested option that has been exercised, the Company must redeem those shares at the original exercise price and remit payment of the forfeited portion of shares back to the employee.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of total RSU activity is presented below:

	Number of RSUs	Weighted-average grant date fair value per share
Outstanding, January 1, 2021	—	$	—
Granted during 2021	16,844,216	16.02
Released	(95,834)	(16.02)
Outstanding, June 30, 2021	16,748,382	$	16.02
Outstanding, January 1, 2022	21,294,841	$	14.60
Granted during 2022	15,774,310	2.55
Released	(4,072,392)	(14.97)
Forfeited	(721,131)	(5.86)
Outstanding, June 30, 2022	32,275,628	$	8.86

Performance Restricted Stock Units

The Company has granted certain PRSUs which become eligible to vest if prior to the vesting date the average closing price of one share of the Company's common stock for 90 consecutive days equals or exceeds a specified price (the "Market PRSUs"). Additionally, the Company has granted PRSUs that vest based on pre-established milestones including Company performance. The grant date fair value of the Market PRSUs is recognized as expense over the vesting period under the accelerated attribution method and is not adjusted in future periods for the success or failure to achieve the specified market condition. The Company has also

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determined the requisite service period for the PRSUs with multiple performance conditions to be the longest of the explicit, implicit, or derived service period for each tranche.

There were no Market PRSUs granted prior to 2021. The grant date fair value of Market PRSUs was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model that incorporated multiple valuation assumptions, including the probability of achieving the specified market condition and the following assumptions:

Six months ended June 30, 2022
Expected volatility (1)	40.7	%
Risk-free interest rate (2)	0.5
Dividend yield (3)	—

(1) Expected volatility is based on a blend of peer group company historical data adjusted for the Company's leverage.

(2) Risk-free interest rate based on U.S. Treasury yields with a term equal to the remaining Performance Period as of the grant date.

(3) Dividend yield was assumed to be zero as the Company does not anticipate paying dividends.

A summary of PRSU activity is presented below:

	Number of PRSUs	Weighted-average grant date fair value per share
Non-vested, January 1, 2021	—	$	—
Granted during 2021	27,460,364	9.59
Non-vested at June 30, 2021	27,460,364	$	9.59
Non-vested, January 1, 2022	27,818,524	$	9.58
Granted during 2022	—	—
Vested	(13,264)	(8.90)
Forfeited	(265,306)	(9.11)
Non-vested at June 30, 2022	27,539,954	$	9.58

As of June 30, 2022, there was $129.1 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to PRSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 3.96 years.

2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On January 6, 2021, stockholders approved the ESPP. The ESPP provides a means by which eligible employees and/or eligible service providers of either the Company or designated related companies and affiliates may be given an opportunity to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a 15.0% discount from the fair market value of the common stock as determined on specific dates at specified intervals. Subject to adjustments provided in the ESPP that are discussed below, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be purchased under the ESPP is 6,312,038 shares, and the maximum number of shares that may be purchased on any single purchase date by any one participant is 5,000 shares. As of June 30, 2022, 6,097,241 shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.

On the first day of each fiscal year, beginning with the 2022 fiscal year and ending on (and including) the first day of the 2030 fiscal year, the calculation of the maximum number of ESPP shares shall include automatic increases in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month prior to the date of such automatic increase, and (ii) such number of shares of Class A common stock as determined by the administrator of the ESPP; provided that the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock reserved under the ESPP shall not exceed 10.0% of the total outstanding capital stock of the Company (inclusive of the shares reserved under the ESPP) as of January 7, 2021, on an as-converted basis.

The initial offering period for the ESPP was five months, commencing on September 1, 2021, and ending on January 31, 2022. The second offering period began on March 14, 2022, and will end on November 22, 2022, and the third offering period will begin on November 23, 2022, and end on May 21, 2023.

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As of the date of this report, 214,797 shares of the Company's Class A common stock have been purchased or distributed pursuant to the ESPP.

The assumptions that the Company used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of the purchase rights under the ESPP for the six months ended June 30, 2022, were as follows:

Six months ended June 30, 2022
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	102.0	%
Expected term (in years)	0.69
Expected volatility	85.6	%

Equity warrants

In November 2016 and December 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 139,629 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.61 per share, and 122,052 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $3.45 per share, respectively, as part of payment to certain providers for services provided to the Company. These warrants were automatically exercised in connection with the Business Combination. For additional information, see Note 1 (Organization and Operations), Note 3 (Business Combination), and Note 18 (Employee Benefit Plans) to the financial statements in the 2021 Form 10-K.

13. Income Taxes

The consolidated effective tax rate of the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, was (0.0%) and (0.0%), respectively. The consolidated effective tax rate of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, was (0.0%) and (0.0%), respectively. The Company continues to be in a net operating loss and net deferred tax asset position. As a result, and in accordance with accounting standards, the Company recorded a valuation allowance to reduce the value of the net deferred tax assets to zero. The Company believes that as of June 30, 2022, it had no material uncertain tax positions. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax expense (benefits) are recognized in income tax expense, when applicable.

There were no material liabilities for interest and penalties accrued as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

14. Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to Class A common stockholders and Class B common stockholders (collectively, "Common Stockholders") was calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)
Net loss	$	(104,181)	$	(317,611)
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	(104,181)		(317,611)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding	476,061,809		408,156,682
Net loss per share attributable to Common Stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.22)	$	(0.78)

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands, except per share and share amounts)
Net loss	$	(179,490)	$	(366,028)
Net loss attributable to Common Stockholders	(179,490)		(366,028)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding	474,553,609		395,422,849
Net loss per share attributable to Common Stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.38)	$	(0.93)

Because the Company had a net loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company's potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options, RSUs, PRSUs, preferred stock, and warrants to purchase shares of common stock and preferred stock, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, during these periods, the diluted common shares outstanding equals the average common shares outstanding. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to Common Stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021
Options to purchase common stock	27,966,433	36,944,571
RSUs	32,275,628	17,524,474
PRSUs	27,539,954	—
Warrants to purchase common stock (as converted to common stock)	—	38,533,271
Total anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of earnings per share	87,782,015	93,002,316

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021
Options to purchase common stock	27,966,433	36,944,571
RSUs	32,275,628	17,524,474
PRSUs	27,539,954	—
Warrants to purchase common stock (as converted to common stock)	—	38,533,271
Total anti-dilutive shares excluded from computation of net loss per share	87,782,015	93,002,316

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Actions

Various lawsuits against the Company may arise in the ordinary course of the Company's business. Contingent liabilities arising from ordinary course litigation, income taxes and other matters are not expected to be material in relation to the financial position of the Company. At June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, there were no material known contingent liabilities arising outside the normal course of business.

Securities Class Actions and Derivative Litigation

In February 2021, the Company and certain of its directors and officers were named as defendants in putative class actions filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee: Bond v. Clover Health Investments, Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00096 (M.D. Tenn.); Kaul v. Clover Health Investments, Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00101 (M.D. Tenn.); Yaniv v. Clover Health Investments, Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00109 (M.D. Tenn.); and Tremblay v. Clover Health Investments, Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00138 (M.D. Tenn.). The complaints assert violations of sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Kaul action asserts additional claims under sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act.

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The complaints generally relate to allegations published in an article issued on February 4, 2021, by Hindenburg Research LLC (the "Hindenburg Article"). The complaints seek unspecified damages on behalf of all persons and entities who purchased or acquired Clover securities during the class period (which begins on October 6, 2020, and, depending on the complaint, ends on February 3, 2021, or February 4, 2021), as well as certain other costs. In April 2021, the Middle District of Tennessee class actions were consolidated under Bond v. Clover Health Investments, Corp. et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00096 (M.D. Tenn.) as the lead case. On June 28, 2021, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which also generally relates to allegations published in the Hindenburg article, but adds, among other things, allegations from confidential witnesses who purport to be former employees of the Company. The Company moved to dismiss the amended complaint on August 28, 2021; that motion was denied on February 28, 2022.

Parallel shareholder derivative actions have also been filed, naming Clover as a nominal defendant. The first action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware and is captioned Furman v. Garipalli, et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-00191 (D. Del.). The complaint asserts violations of sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, and waste of corporate assets against certain of the Company’s directors. It seeks unspecified damages and an order requiring Clover to take certain actions to enhance Clover's corporate governance policies, and procedures. The second and third actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee and are captioned Sun v. Garipalli, et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00311 (M.D. Tenn.), and Luthra v. Garipalli, et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00320 (M.D. Tenn.). The complaints assert violations of section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, and aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty. The Sun action also asserts unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and contribution under section 11(f) of the Securities Act, and sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act. The complaints name certain current and former officers and directors as defendants. They seek unspecified damages and an order requiring Clover to take certain actions to enhance Clover's corporate governance policies and procedures.

The fourth action was filed in the United States District of Delaware and is captioned Wiegand v. Garipalli, et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-01053 (D. Del.). The initial complaint asserted violations of sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and waste of corporate assets. The complaint names certain current and former officers and directors as defendants. It seeks, among other things, unspecified damages and an order requiring Clover to take certain actions to improve Clover’s corporate governance and internal procedures. The fifth action was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York and is captioned Sankaranarayanan v. Palihapitiya, et al., Index No. 655420/2021 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., N.Y. Cnty.). The complaint asserts breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment. The complaint names certain former officers and directors as defendants. It seeks, among other things, unspecified damages and an order directing Clover to take certain actions to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures.

The sixth action was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery and is captioned Davies v. Garipalli, et al., No. 2021-1016-SG (Del. Ch.). The complaint asserts breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint names certain current and former officers and directors as defendants. It seeks, among other things, unspecified damages and an order directing Clover to take certain actions to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures. The seventh action was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York and is captioned Uvaydov v. Palihapitiya, et al., Index No. 656978/2021 (N.Y Sup. Ct., N.Y. Cnty.). The complaint asserts breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint names certain current and former officers and directors as defendants. It seeks, among other things, unspecified damages, restitution, and disgorgement of profits obtained by defendants.

On May 10, 2021, the Middle District of Tennessee shareholder derivative actions described above were consolidated under Sun v. Garipalli, et al., Case No. 3:21-cv-00311 (M.D. Tenn.) as lead case. The court designated co-lead counsel and liaison counsel and ordered the parties to submit a proposed schedule for the initial stage of the case. On November 30, 2021, the Sun and Luthra plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, asserting violations of section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and contribution under sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act. The amended complaint generally relates to the allegations published in the Hindenburg Article, and names certain current and former officers and directors as defendants. It seeks, among other things, unspecified damages and an order requiring Clover to take certain actions to enhance Clover's corporate governance policies and procedures.

On September 16, 2021, the two District of Delaware derivative actions were consolidated under In re Clover Health Investments, Corp. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 1:21-cv-00191-LPS (Consolidated). The Furman complaint was deemed the operative complaint. On April 19, 2022, the plaintiff in the Wiegand action filed an amended complaint, asserting violations of Sections 10(b), 20(a), and 21D of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment against certain current and former officers and directors. The amended complaint seeks, among other things, unspecified damages and an order requiring Clover to take certain actions to improve Clover’s corporate governance and internal procedures.

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The parties in the New York derivative actions agreed to consolidate those two actions into one action. On February 2, 2022, the parties filed a stipulation with the court to that effect. Upon the court’s approval, the complaint in the Sankaranarayanan action will be deemed the operative complaint in the New York derivative actions.

All of these cases remain in the preliminary stages. Given the inherent uncertainty of litigation and the legal standards that must be met, including class certification and success on the merits, the Company has determined that it is not probable or estimable that an unfavorable outcome or potential loss will occur. Clover intends to vigorously defend itself against the claims asserted against it.

Guaranty Assessments

Under state guaranty assessment laws, including those related to state cooperative failures in the industry, the Company may be assessed, up to prescribed limits, for certain obligations to the policyholders and claimants of insolvent insurance companies that write the same line or lines of business as the Company.

16. Non-Insurance

In April 2021, the Company began participating in the DC Model, which utilizes a structured model intended to reduce expenditures and preserve or enhance quality of care for beneficiaries in Medicare fee-for-service ("FFS"). As a participating entity in the DC Model with a global risk arrangement, the Company assumes the responsibility of guaranteeing the performance of its care network. The DC Model is intended to reduce the administrative burden, support a focus on complex, chronically ill patients, and encourage physician organizations that have not typically participated in Medicare FFS to serve beneficiaries in Medicare FFS. The Company's operations in connection with the DC Model are included in the Non-Insurance operating segment. See Note 17 (Operating Segments) for additional information.

Performance Guarantees

Certain of the Company's arrangements with third-party providers require it to guarantee the performance of its care network to CMS, which, if not obtained, could potentially result in payment to CMS. The Non-Insurance performance year obligation and receivable are amortized on a straight-line basis for the amount that represents the completed performance. The Company is unable to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under the guarantee. This is attributable to the stop-loss arrangement and the corridors (tiered levels) in the arrangement. A certain percentage of these arrangements will still be the responsibility of the Company, in addition to a number of variables that are not reasonable for the Company to estimate, such as, but not limited to, risk ratings and benchmark trends that have an inestimable impact on the estimate of future payments.

For additional information, see Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) and Note 22 (Direct Contracting) in the 2021 Form 10-K.

The tables below include the financial statement impacts of the performance guarantee:

	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2021
	(in thousands)
Non-Insurance performance year receivable	$	1,164,682	$	436,334
Non-Insurance performance year obligation (1)	1,214,312		455,143
(1) This obligation represents the consideration due to providers, net of the shared savings or loss for the period and amortization of the liability.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	(in thousands)
Amortization of the Non-Insurance performance year receivable	$	(577,968)	$	(1,164,682)
Amortization of the Non-Insurance performance year obligation	577,968		1,164,682
Non-Insurance revenue	577,370		1,172,268

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	Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	(in thousands)
Amortization of the Non-Insurance performance year receivable	$	(218,167)
Amortization of the Non-Insurance performance year obligation	218,167
Non-Insurance revenue	216,373

17. Operating Segments

The Company manages its operations based on two reportable operating segments: Insurance and Non-Insurance. Through the Insurance segment, the Company provides PPO and HMO plans to Medicare Advantage members in several states. The Company's Non-Insurance segment consists of its operations in connection with its participation in CMS' Direct Contracting program. All other clinical services and all corporate overhead not included in the Insurance or Non-Insurance segments are included within Corporate/Other. These segment groupings are consistent with information used by the Chief Executive Officer, the Company's CODM, to assess performance and allocate resources.

During the first quarter of 2022, the Company updated the names of its Medicare Advantage and Direct Contracting segments to the Insurance and Non-Insurance segments, respectively. The Company believes that this approach better reflects each segment’s current role and contribution to its business. There has been no change to the existing composition of these segments, and previously reported consolidated and segment-level financial results of the Company were not impacted by these changes.

The table below summarizes the Company's results by operating segment:

	Insurance		Non-Insurance		Corporate/Other		Eliminations		Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022	(in thousands)
Premiums earned, net (Net of ceded premiums of $119)	$	268,505	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	268,505
Non-Insurance revenue	—		577,370		—		—		577,370
Other income	220		20		15,441		(14,856)		825
Intersegment revenues	—		—		27,029		(27,029)		—
Net medical claims incurred	247,275		612,122		2,547		(3,158)		858,786
Gross profit (loss)	$	21,450	$	(34,732)	$	39,923	$	(38,727)	$	(12,086)
Total assets	$	426,723	$	1,298,224	$	1,143,146	$	(804,887)	$	2,063,206
	Insurance		Non-Insurance		Corporate/Other		Eliminations		Consolidated Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022	(in thousands)
Premiums earned, net (Net of ceded premiums of $238)	$	546,674	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	546,674
Non-Insurance revenue	—		1,172,268		—		—		1,172,268
Other income	491		20		42,840		(41,214)		2,137
Intersegment revenues	—		—		46,165		(46,165)		—
Net medical claims incurred	515,401		1,206,121		5,175		(6,189)		1,720,508
Gross profit (loss)	$	31,764	$	(33,833)	$	83,830	$	(81,190)	$	571
Total assets	$	426,723	$	1,298,224	$	1,143,146	$	(804,887)	$	2,063,206

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	Insurance		Non-Insurance		Corporate/Other		Eliminations		Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021	(in thousands)
Premiums earned, (Net of ceded premiums of $126)	$	195,357	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	195,357
Non-Insurance Revenue	—		216,373		—		—		216,373
Other income	41		—		31,400		(30,699)		742
Intersegment revenues	—		—		16,509		(16,509)		—
Net medical claims incurred	216,785		241,912		1,891		(2,085)		458,503
Gross (loss) profit	$	(21,387)	$	(25,539)	$	46,018	$	(45,123)	$	(46,031)
Total assets	$	274,714	$	463,966	$	954,539	$	(477,322)	$	1,215,897
	Insurance		Non-Insurance		Corporate/Other		Eliminations		Consolidated Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021	(in thousands)
Premiums earned, (Net of ceded premiums of $250)	$	394,733	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	394,733
Non-Insurance revenue	—		216,373		—		—		216,373
Other income	28		—		42,023		(40,360)		1,691
Intersegment revenues	—		—		23,755		(23,755)		—
Net medical claims incurred	431,963		241,912		2,990		(3,942)		672,923
Gross (loss) profit	$	(37,202)	$	(25,539)	$	62,788	$	(60,173)	$	(60,126)
Total assets	$	274,714	$	463,966	$	954,539	$	(477,322)	$	1,215,897

A reconciliation of the reportable segments' gross profit to the net loss included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Gross (loss) profit	$	(12,086)	$	(46,031)	$	571	$	(60,126)
Salaries and benefits	70,491		62,167		139,582		128,191
General and administrative expenses	47,040		45,646		104,737		84,264
Premium deficiency reserve (benefit) expense	(27,657)		27,900		(55,314)		27,900
Depreciation and amortization	586		118		1,412		278
Other expense	—		—		—		191
Change in fair value of warrants payable	—		134,512		—		49,006
Interest expense	390		1,211		793		2,386
Amortization of notes and securities discounts	18		26		18		13,686
Loss (gain) on investment	1,227		—		(11,167)		—
Net loss	$	(104,181)	$	(317,611)	$	(179,490)	$	(366,028)

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18. Dividend Restrictions

The Company's regulated insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations and standards in their respective jurisdictions. These standards, among other things, require these subsidiaries to maintain specified levels of statutory capital and limit the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to their parent companies. Therefore, the Company's regulated insurance subsidiaries' ability to declare and pay dividends is limited by state regulations including obtaining prior approval by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. As of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, neither of the regulated insurance subsidiaries had paid any dividends.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Form 10-Q") and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2022 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the "Risk Factors" section of the 2021 Form 10-K. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" for additional information. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to "we," "us,” "our," "Clover," "Clover Health," and the “Company” mean the business and operations of Clover Health Investments, Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

At Clover Health, we are singularly focused on creating great, sustainable healthcare to improve every life. We have centered our strategy on building and deploying technology that we believe will enable us to solve a significant data problem while avoiding the limitations of legacy approaches. By empowering physicians with access to data-driven, personalized insights at the point of care through our software platform, Clover Assistant, we believe we can improve clinical decision making.

We operate Preferred Provider Organization ("PPO") and Health Maintenance Organization ("HMO") Medicare Advantage ("MA") plans for Medicare-eligible consumers. We aim to provide great, affordable healthcare for all. We offer most members in our MA plans (the "members") among the lowest average out-of-pocket costs for primary care provider co-pays, specialist co-pays, drug deductibles and drug costs in their markets. We deeply believe in providing our members provider choice, and we consider our PPO plan to be our flagship insurance plan. An important feature of our MA product is wide network access. We believe the use of Clover Assistant and related data insights allows us to improve clinical decision-making through a highly scalable asset-light approach. As of June 30, 2022, we operated our MA plans in nine states and 209 counties, with 86,629 members.

On April 1, 2021, our subsidiary, Clover Health Partners, LLC ("Health Partners"), began participating as a Direct Contracting Entity ("DCE") in the Global and Professional Direct Contracting Model ("DC Model") of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS"), which will transition to the Accountable Care Organization Realizing Equity, Access, and Community Health Model ("ACO Reach") in 2023. Our DCE assumes full risk (i.e., 100.0% shared savings and shared losses) for the total cost of care of aligned Original Medicare beneficiaries (the “Non-Insurance Beneficiaries” and, collectively with the members, “Lives under Clover Management” or the “beneficiaries”). Through our Direct Contracting operations, we focus on leveraging our technology platform, Clover Assistant, to enhance healthcare delivery, reduce expenditures, and improve care for our Non-Insurance Beneficiaries. As of June 30, 2022, we had approximately 1,810 contracted participating providers who manage primary care for our Non-Insurance Beneficiaries. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022, we had approximately 1,630 preferred providers and preferred facilities in our DCE network. Our participation in the DC Model has enabled us to move beyond the MA market and target the Medicare fee-for-service ("FFS") market, which is the largest segment of Medicare. We believe that expanding into the FFS market is not only a strategic milestone for Clover but also demonstrates the scalability of Clover Assistant.

As of June 30, 2022, we were partnering with providers to care for 255,406 Lives under Clover Management, which included 86,629 Insurance members and 168,777 aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries.

Recent Developments

Geographic Expansion

On July 14, 2022, we announced plans to make our MA plans available in 13 new counties beginning in 2023. The expansion, which is subject to CMS approval, would make our MA plans available in a total of 220 counties across eight states.

Impact of COVID-19

The societal and economic impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic and its variants continues to evolve, and the ultimate impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows is uncertain and difficult to predict. The global pandemic has severely impacted businesses worldwide, including many in the health insurance sector.

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We are continuing to monitor the ongoing financial impact of COVID-19 on our business and operations and are making adjustments accordingly. A large portion of our membership is elderly and generally in the high-risk category for COVID-19, and we have worked closely with our network of providers to ensure that members are receiving necessary care. During the first two quarters of 2022 and all of 2021, we incurred elevated costs as compared to prior to the outbreak of the pandemic in 2020 to care for those members who have contracted the virus, and indirect costs attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic were elevated as well, as deferral of services and increased costs related to conditions that were exacerbated by a lack of diagnoses and treatment in the earlier periods of the pandemic contributed to increased utilization. Additionally, CMS is currently increasing inpatient hospital fees by 20.0% for any patient diagnosed with COVID-19 regardless of whether that patient was admitted directly for COVID-19 or for a different condition or procedure. This has impacted medical costs especially due to the widespread transmission of recent COVID-19 variants. We will continue to monitor the pandemic’s emerging treatment-related trends as well as the impact on our beneficiaries. Additionally, CMS risk adjustment requires that a member’s health issues be documented annually regardless of the permanence of the underlying causes. Historically, this documentation was required to be completed during an in-person visit with a patient. As part of relief measures adopted pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), CMS is allowing documentation prepared during video visits with patients to serve as support for CMS risk adjustments. Due to fewer visits in 2020, the providers' ability to document health conditions accurately and formulate treatment plans was adversely impacted due to COVID-19. However, we experienced improvements in documentation in 2021 with increased utilization of health services, impacting our 2022 risk score. We believe that this increase in documentation has supported our provider partners with better diagnosis accuracy and improved care planning and that this will result in increased revenue and a reduced medical care ratio ("MCR").

Key Performance Measures of Our Operating Segments

Operating Segments

We manage our operations based on two reportable operating segments: Insurance and Non-Insurance. Through our Insurance segment, we provide PPO and HMO plans to Medicare Advantage members in several states. Our Non-Insurance segment consists of our operations in connection with our participation in the Direct Contracting program, which will transition to the ACO Reach model in 2023. All other clinical services and all corporate overhead not included in the reportable segments are included within Corporate/Other.

These segment groupings are consistent with the information used by our Chief Executive Officer, our chief operating decision maker, to assess performance and allocate resources.

We review several key performance measures, discussed below, to evaluate our business and results, measure performance, identify trends, formulate plans, and make strategic decisions. We believe that the presentation of such metrics is useful to management and counterparties to model the performance of healthcare companies such as Clover.

Insurance segment

Through our Insurance segment, we provide PPO and HMO plans to members in several states. We seek to improve care and lower costs for our Insurance members by empowering providers with data-driven, personalized insights at the point of care through our software platform, Clover Assistant.

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Six Months Ended June 30,	2022					2021
	Total			PMPM (1)		Total			PMPM (1)
	(Premium and expense amounts in thousands, except PMPM amounts)
Insurance members as of period end (#)	86,629			N/A		66,566			N/A
Premiums earned, gross	$	546,912		$	1,065	$	394,983		$	993
Premiums earned, net	546,674			1,065		394,733			992
Insurance medical claim expense incurred, gross	515,593			1,004		432,552			1,088
Insurance net medical claims incurred	515,401			1,004		431,963			1,086
Medical care ratio, gross (2)	94.3		%	N/A		109.5		%	N/A
Medical care ratio, net	94.3			N/A		109.4			N/A

(1) Calculated per member per month ("PMPM") figures are based on the applicable amount divided by member months in the given period. Member months represents the number of months members are enrolled in a Clover Health plan in the period.

(2)    Defined as Insurance gross medical claims incurred divided by premiums earned, gross.

Membership and associated premiums earned and medical claim expenses.

We define new and returning members on a calendar year basis. Any member who is active on July 1 of a given year is considered a returning member in the following year. Any member who joins a Clover plan after July 1 in a given year is considered a new member for the entirety of the following calendar year. We view our number of members and associated PMPM premiums earned and medical claim expenses, in the aggregate and on a PMPM basis, as important metrics to assess our financial performance because member growth aligns with our mission, drives our total revenues, expands brand awareness, deepens our market penetration, creates additional opportunities to inform our data-driven insights to improve care and decrease medical claim expenses, and generates additional data to continue to improve the functioning of Clover Assistant. Among other things, the longer a member is enrolled in one of our Insurance plans, the more data we collect and synthesize and the more actionable insights we generate. We believe these data-driven insights lead to better care delivery as well as improved identification and documentation of members’ chronic conditions, helping to lower PMPM medical claim expenses.

Premiums earned, gross.

Premiums earned, gross is the amount received, or to be received, for insurance policies written by us during a specific period of time without reduction for premiums ceded to reinsurance. We believe premiums earned, gross provides useful insight into the gross economic benefit generated by our business operations and allows us to evaluate our underwriting performance without regard to changes in our underlying reinsurance structure. Premiums earned, gross excludes the effects of premiums ceded to reinsurers, and therefore should not be used as a substitute for premiums earned, net, total revenue or any other measure presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP").

Premiums earned, net.

Premiums earned, net represents the earned portion of our premiums earned, gross, less the earned portion that is ceded to third-party reinsurers under our reinsurance agreements. Premiums are earned in the period in which members are entitled to receive services, and are net of estimated uncollectible amounts, retroactive membership adjustments, and any adjustments to recognize rebates under the minimum benefit ratios required under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Premiums earned, gross is the amount received, or to be received, for insurance policies written by us during a specific period of time without reduction for premiums ceded to reinsurance. We earn premiums through our plans offered under contracts with CMS. We receive premiums from CMS on a monthly basis based on our actuarial bid and the risk-adjustment model used by CMS. Premiums anticipated to be received within twelve months based on the documented diagnostic criteria of our members are estimated and included in revenue for the period including the member months for which the payment is designated by CMS.

Premiums ceded is the amount of premiums earned, gross ceded to reinsurers. From time to time, we enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our exposure to potential losses as well as to provide additional capacity for growth. Under these agreements, the "reinsurer," agrees to cover a portion of the claims of another insurer, i.e., us, the "primary insurer," in return for a portion of their premium. Ceded earned premiums are earned over the reinsurance contract period in proportion to the period of risk covered. The volume of our ceded earned premium is impacted by the level of our premiums earned, gross and any decision we make to adjust our reinsurance agreements.

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Insurance gross medical claims incurred.

Insurance gross medical claims incurred reflects claims incurred excluding amounts ceded to reinsurers and the costs associated with processing those claims. We believe gross medical claims incurred provides useful insight into the gross medical expense incurred by members and allows us to evaluate our underwriting performance without regard to changes in our underlying reinsurance structure.

Insurance gross medical claims incurred excludes the effects of medical claims and associated costs ceded to reinsurers, and therefore should not be used as a substitute for net claims incurred, total expenses or any other measure presented in accordance with GAAP.

Insurance net medical claims incurred.

Insurance net medical claims incurred are our medical expenses and consists of the costs of claims, including the costs incurred for claims net of amounts ceded to reinsurers. We enter into reinsurance contracts to limit our exposure to potential catastrophic losses. These expenses generally vary based on the total number of members and their utilization rate of our services.

Medical care ratio, gross and net.

We calculate our MCR by dividing total Insurance medical claim expenses incurred by premiums earned, in each case on a gross or net basis, as the case may be, in a given period. We believe our MCR is an indicator of our gross margin for our Insurance plans and the ability of our Clover Assistant platform to capture and analyze data over time to generate actionable insights for returning members to improve care and reduce medical expenses.

Non-Insurance segment

Our Non-Insurance segment consists of operations in connection with our participation in the Direct Contracting program, which we began in April 2021 and which will transition to the ACO Reach model in 2023. As part of our Non-Insurance operations, we empower providers with Clover Assistant and offer a variety of programs aimed at reducing expenditures and preserving or enhancing the quality of care for our Non-Insurance Beneficiaries.

Six months ended June 30, 2022	2022					2021
	Total			PBPM		Total			PBPM
	(Revenue and claims amounts in thousands, except PBPM amounts)
Non-Insurance Beneficiaries as of period end (#)	168,777			N/A		62,025			N/A
Non-Insurance revenue	$	1,172,268		$	1,139	$	216,373		$	1,156
Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred	1,206,121			1,171		241,912			1,292
Non-Insurance MCR (1)	102.9		%	N/A		111.8		%	N/A

(1)    Defined as Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred divided by Non-Insurance revenue.

Non-Insurance Beneficiaries.

A Non-Insurance Beneficiary is defined as an eligible Original Medicare covered life that has been aligned to our DCE, Health Partners, via attribution to a DCE-participating provider through alignment based on claims data or by beneficiary election through voluntary alignment. A beneficiary alignment is effective as of the first of the month, for the full calendar month, regardless of whether eligibility is lost during the course of the month.

Non-Insurance revenue.

Non-Insurance revenue represents CMS’ total expense incurred for medical services provided on behalf of Non-Insurance Beneficiaries during months in which they were alignment eligible during the performance year. Non-Insurance revenue is calculated by taking the sum of the capitation payments made to us for services within the scope of our capitation arrangement and FFS payments made to providers directly from CMS. Non-Insurance revenue is also known in the DC Model as performance year expenditures and is the primary component used to calculate shared savings or shared loss versus the performance year benchmark. Non-Insurance revenue includes a direct reduction or increase of shared savings or loss, as applicable. Premiums and recoupments incurred in direct relation to the DC Model are recognized as a reduction or increase in Non-Insurance revenue, as applicable. We believe Non-Insurance revenue provides useful insight into the gross economic benefit generated by our business operations and allows us to evaluate our performance without regard to changes in our underlying reinsurance structure.

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Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred.

Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred consists of the total incurred expense that CMS and we will remit for medical services provided on behalf of Non-Insurance Beneficiaries during the months in which they are alignment eligible and aligned to the DCE. Additionally, Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred is inclusive of fees paid to providers for Clover Assistant usage, care coordination, and any shared savings or shared loss agreements with providers.

Non-Insurance MCR.

We calculate our MCR by dividing Non-Insurance net medical claims incurred by Non-Insurance revenue in a given period. We believe our MCR is an indicator of our gross profitability and the ability to capture and analyze data over time to generate actionable insights for returning beneficiaries to improve care and reduce medical expenses.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The period-to-period comparison of results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change between 2022 and 2021
	2022		2021		($)		(%)
	(in thousands)
Revenues
Premiums earned, net (Net of ceded premiums of $119 and $126 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	$	268,505	$	195,357	$	73,148	37.4	%
Non-Insurance revenue	577,370		216,373		360,997		166.8
Other income	825		742		83		11.2
Total revenues	846,700		412,472		434,228		105.3
Operating expenses
Net medical claims incurred	858,786		458,503		400,283		87.3
Salaries and benefits	70,491		62,167		8,324		13.4
General and administrative expenses	47,040		45,646		1,394		3.1
Premium deficiency reserve (benefit) expense	(27,657)		27,900		(55,557)		199.1
Depreciation and amortization	586		118		468		396.6
Total operating expenses	949,246		594,334		354,912		59.7
Loss from operations	(102,546)		(181,862)		79,316		(43.6)
Change in fair value of warrants payable	—		134,512		(134,512)		*
Interest expense	390		1,211		(821)		(67.8)
Amortization of notes and securities discount	18		26		(8)		(30.8)
Loss on investment	1,227		—		1,227		*
Net loss	$	(104,181)	$	(317,611)	$	213,430	(67.2)	%

* Not presented because the current or prior period amount is zero or the amount for the line item changed from a gain to a loss (or vice versa) and thus yields a result that is not meaningful.

Premiums Earned, Net

Premiums earned, net increased $73.1 million, or 37.4%, to $268.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a 30.1% increase in the number of our Insurance members, from 66,566 at June 30, 2021, to 86,629 at June 30, 2022. Risk adjustment revenue for prior periods of $18.6 million was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

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Non-Insurance Revenue

Our Non-Insurance revenue was $577.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, up $361.0 million compared to $216.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. This increase was largely driven by the increase in the number of our aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries from 62,025 at June 30, 2021, to 168,777 at June 30, 2022.

Other Income

Other income increased $0.1 million, or 11.2%, to $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was largely due to a $0.4 million increase in net investment income and a $0.1 million increase in commission income, partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in rental income.

Net Medical Claims Incurred

Net medical claims incurred increased $400.3 million, or 87.3%, to $858.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in net medical claims attributable to our Non-Insurance Beneficiaries from $241.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $612.1 million for three months ended June 30, 2022, which was driven by an increase in the number of our aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries, and an increase of $30.5 million in net medical claims attributable to our Insurance members, which was primarily driven by an increase in Insurance members.

Salaries and Benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $8.3 million, or 13.4%, to $70.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increased headcount and additional cash awards, partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $1.4 million, or 3.1%, to $47.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was driven in part by supplemental administrative costs, which increased by $2.5 million, residual commissions, which are attributable to members retained by the Company from the previous plan year, which increased by $2.4 million, and a $1.6 million increase in public company costs and legal and other professional fees to support our growth. These increases were partially offset by a $4.8 million decrease in deferred acquisition costs related to the acquisition of new members.

Premium Deficiency Reserve (Benefit) Expense

A $27.7 million premium deficiency reserve benefit was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which includes amortization associated with a previously recorded reserve. A $27.9 million premium deficiency reserve expense was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2021, in anticipation of a reserve deemed necessary for the remainder of 2021.

Change in Fair Value of Warrants Payable

There was no change in fair value of warrants payable to report for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as there were no warrants outstanding. The change in fair value of warrants payable of $134.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was due to the mark-to-market adjustment of the public warrants (the "Public Warrants") and the private placement warrants (the "Private Placement Warrants") assumed by the Company in connection with its January 2021 business combination with an affiliate of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. III (the "Business Combination"). For additional information, see Note 5 (Fair Value Measurements) and Note 13 (Warrants Payable) in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $0.8 million, or 67.8%, to $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021, primarily related to the voluntary prepayment and termination of the remaining principal and interest associated with our Term Loan Notes.

Amortization of Notes and Securities Discounts

Amortization of notes and securities discounts were less than $0.1 million in both the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the three months ended June 30, 2021 and decreased by 30.8% primarily due to the termination of our Term Loans during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

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Loss on Investment

We recorded a loss on investment of $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, on our minority equity investment in Character Biosciences, Inc. (f/k/a Clover Therapeutics Company) ("Character Biosciences"), attributable to our proportionate share of the loss on equity of that entity during the period. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, this entity was consolidated on the Company's financial statements, and therefore the Company did not recognize a loss or gain on investment in this entity for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

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Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our condensed consolidated results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The period-to-period comparison of results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change between 2022 and 2021
	2022		2021		($)		(%)
	($ in thousands)
Revenues
Premiums earned, net (Net of ceded premiums of $238 and $250 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	$	546,674	$	394,733	$	151,941	38.5	%
Non-Insurance revenue	1,172,268		216,373		955,895		441.8
Other income	2,137		1,691		446		26.4
Total revenues	1,721,079		612,797		1,108,282		180.9
Operating expenses
Net medical claims incurred	1,720,508		672,923		1,047,585		155.7
Salaries and benefits	139,582		128,191		11,391		8.9
General and administrative expenses	104,737		84,264		20,473		24.3
Premium deficiency reserve (benefit) expense	(55,314)		27,900		(83,214)		(298.3)
Depreciation and amortization	1,412		278		1,134		407.9
Other expense	—		191		(191)		*
Total operating expenses	1,910,925		913,747		997,178		109.1
Loss from operations	(189,846)		(300,950)		111,104		(36.9)
Change in fair value of warrants payable	—		49,006		(49,006)		*
Interest expense	793		2,386		(1,593)		(66.8)
Amortization of notes and securities discount	18		13,686		(13,668)		(99.9)
Gain on investment	(11,167)		—		(11,167)		*
Net loss	$	(179,490)	$	(366,028)	$	186,538	(51.0)	%

*    Not presented because the current or prior period amount is zero or the amount for the line item changed from a gain to a loss (or vice versa) and thus yields a result that is not meaningful.

Premiums Earned, Net

Premiums earned, net increased $151.9 million, or 38.5%, to $546.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to membership growth of 30.1% from 66,566 Insurance members at June 30, 2021, to 86,629 Insurance members at June 30, 2022. Risk adjustment revenue for prior periods of $41.2 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Non-Insurance Revenue

Our Non-Insurance revenue was $1,172.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $216.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in the number of our aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries from 62,025 at June 30, 2021, to 168,777 at June 30, 2022, and the fact that our DCE did not begin participation in Direct Contracting until the second quarter of 2021.

Other Income

Other income increased $0.4 million, or 26.4%, to $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was largely due to a $0.7 million increase in net investment income and a $0.3 million increase in commission income, partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in rental income.

Net Medical Claims Incurred

Net medical claims incurred increased $1,047.6 million, or 155.7%, to $1,720.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in net medical claims attributable

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to our Non-Insurance Beneficiaries from $241.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $1,206.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was driven by an increase in the number of our aligned Non-Insurance Beneficiaries and the fact that our DCE did not begin participation in Direct Contracting until the second quarter of 2021, and an increase of $83.4 million in net medical claims attributable to our Insurance members, which was primarily driven by an increase in Insurance Members.

Salaries and Benefits

Salaries and benefits increased $11.4 million, or 8.9%, to $139.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increased headcount and additional cash awards, partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $20.5 million, or 24.3%, to $104.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was driven in part by increases in legal and other professional fees to support our growth and public company costs, including costs associated with obtaining and maintaining directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Legal and professional fees increased $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. Residual commissions, which are attributable to members retained by the Company from the previous plan year, increased by $6.5 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $13.7 million of deferred acquisition costs related to the acquisition of new members, compared to $8.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Premium Deficiency Reserve (Benefit) Expense

A $55.3 million premium deficiency reserve benefit was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which includes amortization associated with a previously recorded reserve. A $27.9 million premium deficiency reserve expense was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021, in anticipation of a reserve deemed necessary for the remainder of 2021.

Change in Fair Value of Warrants Payable

There was no change in fair value of warrants payable to report for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as there were no warrants outstanding. There was a decrease of $49.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, due to the mark-to-market adjustment of the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2021. For additional information, see Note 5 (Fair Value Measurements) and Note 13 (Warrants Payable) in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $1.6 million, or 66.8%, to $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily related to the voluntary prepayment and termination of the remaining principal and interest associated with our Term Loan Notes.

Amortization of Notes and Securities Discounts

Amortization of notes and securities discounts decreased by 99.9% primarily due to the completion of the Business Combination on January 7, 2021, whereby the unamortized discount associated with the August 2019 tranche of the Convertible Securities was accelerated, as well as the termination of our Term Loans during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Gain on Investment

In February 2022, Character Biosciences completed a private capital transaction in which it raised $17.9 million from the issuance of 16,210,602 shares of its preferred stock. After evaluating our ownership interest in Character Biosciences, we began applying the equity method of accounting during the six months ended June 30, 2022, and recorded a gain on investment of $11.2 million, which is attributable to our proportionate share of the gain on equity of that entity during that period. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, this entity was consolidated on the Company's financial statements, and therefore the Company did not recognize a loss or gain on investment in this entity for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We manage our liquidity and financial position in the context of our overall business strategy. We continually forecast and manage our cash, investments, working capital balances, and capital structure to meet the short-term and long-term obligations of our businesses while seeking to maintain liquidity and financial flexibility.

As of June 30, 2022, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $428.5 million. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022, we had $254.4 million of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities, and an outstanding balance of $22.8 million on

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convertible notes issued by Seek. Our cash equivalents, short-term investments, and investment securities consist primarily of money market funds and U.S. government debt securities.

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the proceeds we received through public and private sales of equity securities, funds received in connection with the Business Combination, issuances of convertible notes, premiums earned under our MA plans, borrowings under our term loan facility and, most recently, with our Non-Insurance revenues. We expect that our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and our current projections of cash flows, taken together, will be sufficient to meet our projected operating and regulatory requirements for the next 12 months based on our current plans. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our needs to support our business growth, to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, or for other reasons. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing to provide the capital required to maintain or expand our operations. Any future equity financing may be dilutive to our existing investors, and any future debt financing may include debt service requirements and financial and other restrictive covenants that may constrain our operations and growth strategies. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

We operate as a holding company in a highly regulated industry. As such, we may receive dividends and administrative expense reimbursements from our subsidiaries, two of which are subject to regulatory restrictions. We continue to maintain significant levels of aggregate excess statutory capital and surplus in our state-regulated insurance subsidiaries. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at the parent company, Clover Health Investments, Corp., were $200.6 million and $350.9 million as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. This decrease at the parent company primarily reflects operating expenses and capital contributions made to our regulated insurance subsidiaries. Additionally, our parent company held $123.4 million and $79.3 million of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021. Our unregulated subsidiaries held $116.2 million and $52.2 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our regulated insurance subsidiaries held $111.7 million and $190.7 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Additionally, our regulated insurance subsidiaries held $131.0 million and $118.0 million of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our use of operating cash derived from our unregulated subsidiaries is generally not restricted by departments of insurance (or comparable state regulatory agencies). Our regulated insurance subsidiaries have not paid dividends to the parent, and applicable insurance laws restrict the ability of our regulated insurance subsidiary to declare and pay dividends to the parent. Insurance regulators have broad powers to prevent reduction of statutory surplus to inadequate levels, and there is no assurance that dividends of the maximum amounts calculated under any applicable formula would be permitted. State insurance regulatory authorities that have jurisdiction over the payment of dividends by our regulated insurance subsidiary may in the future adopt statutory provisions more restrictive than those currently in effect.

For a detailed discussion of our regulatory requirements, including aggregate statutory capital and surplus as well as dividends paid from the subsidiaries to the parent, please refer to Notes 24, 25, and 26 in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our condensed consolidated cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Six Months Ended June 30,	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Cash Flows Data:
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(96,213)	$	(157,024)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	125,866		(86,611)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(5,150)		637,034
Increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	24,503	$	393,399

Cash Requirements

Our cash requirements within the next twelve months include medical claims payable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, current liabilities, purchase commitments, and other obligations. We expect the cash required to meet these obligations to be primarily generated through cash flows from current operations and cash available for general corporate use.

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Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash flows is capitated payments from CMS. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are payments for medical benefits and payments of operating expenses.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $96.2 million, which reflects a net loss of $179.5 million. Non-cash activities included a $82.6 million charge to stock-based compensation expense, $55.3 million of amortization of the 2022 premium deficiency reserve, and a $11.2 million gain on investment related to the change in the equity structure of Character Biosciences. Payments due to CMS related to our Non-Insurance operations increased by $82.6 million. Change in our working capital included an increase in unpaid claims of $20.8 million.

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $157.0 million, which reflects a net loss of $366.0 million. Non-cash activities included a $48.9 million gain as a result of the change in fair value of warrants payable and a $85.7 million charge to stock-based compensation expense. Changes to our working capital included a $27.9 million charge to our premium deficiency reserve and an increase of $15.6 million in surety bonds and deposits related to Direct Contracting.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022, of $125.9 million was primarily due to $296.3 million provided from the sale and maturity of investment securities, offset by $169.9 million used to purchase investments.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021, of $86.6 million was primarily due to $323.5 million used to purchase investment securities, partially offset by $237.1 million provided from the sale and maturity of investment securities.

For additional information regarding our investing activities, please refer to Note 3 (Investment Securities) to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022, of $5.2 million was primarily the result of the acquisition of $6.0 million in treasury stock.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021, of $637.0 million was the result of $666.2 million in proceeds from the reverse capitalization in connection with the Business Combination, net of transaction costs, and $1.7 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by $30.9 million in principal payments on our outstanding Term Loan Notes.

Financing Arrangements

There have been no material changes to our financing arrangements as of June 30, 2022, as compared to those disclosed in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We believe that funds from future operating cash flows, cash, and investments will be sufficient for future operations and commitments, and for capital acquisitions and other strategic transactions, over at least the next 12 months.

Material cash requirements from known contractual obligations and commitments as of June 30, 2022 include: (1) the recognition of a performance guarantee of $1,214.3 million in connection with the Company’s participation in the DC Model, (2) operating lease obligations of $6.7 million, and (3) the outstanding principal balance related to the convertible note entered into by Seek, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, on September 25, 2020, for an aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million. These commitments are associated with contracts that were enforceable and legally binding as of June 30, 2022, and that specified all significant terms, including fixed or minimum serves to be used, fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts. There were no other material cash requirements from known contractual obligations and commitments. For additional information regarding our remaining estimated contractual obligations and commitments, see Note 8 (Notes and Securities Payable), Note 15 (Commitments and Contingencies), and Note 16 (Non-Insurance) to Financial Statements in this report, and Note 16 (Leases) in the 2021 Form 10-K.

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Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements, with various parties (providers, vendors, consultants, etc.), of varying scope and terms pursuant to which we may agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the other parties from any claim, demand, loss, lawsuit, settlement, judgment, fine, or other liability, and all related expenses which may accrue there from (including reasonable attorney’s fees), arising from or in connection with third party claims, including, but not limited to, negligence, recklessness, willful misconduct, fraud, or otherwise wrongful act or omission with respect to our obligations under the applicable Agreement.

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by applicable regulations of the SEC, that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimate

We believe that the accounting policies and estimates involve a significant degree of judgment and complexity. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the 2021 Form 10-K.

For recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the Financial Statements in this report for a discussion of accounting pronouncements recently adopted and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted and their potential impact to our financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in the estimated fair value of a financial instrument as the result of changes in equity prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities with estimated fair values that are subject to market risk. Our primary market risk has been interest rate risk associated with investments in instruments with fixed maturities. We do not have material exposure to commodity risk.

We are also exposed to credit risk on our investment portfolio. We manage the exposure to credit risk in our portfolio by investing in high quality securities and diversifying our holdings.

We monitor our investment portfolio to ensure that credit risk does not exceed prudent levels. Our investment policy is focused on preservation of capital, liquidity and earning a modest yield. Substantially all of our investment portfolio is invested in U.S. Treasury fixed maturity securities. As of June 30, 2022, none of our fixed maturity securities portfolio was unrated or rated below investment grade.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management evaluated, with the participation of our current chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our "Certifying Officers"), the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2022, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based upon that evaluation, our Certifying Officers concluded that, as of June 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are

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resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, in the normal course of business, we are subject to various legal proceedings, investigations (both formal and informal), and claims incidental to the conduct of a highly regulated business. Such proceedings can be costly, time consuming, and unpredictable. Therefore, no assurance can be given on the outcome of any proceeding or the potential impact on our financial condition or results of operation.

For example, since February 2021, Clover has received subpoenas from the SEC related to certain disclosures and aspects of our business as well as certain matters described in an article issued on February 4, 2021, by Hindenburg Research LLC (the "Hindenburg article"). We are cooperating with the SEC's investigation. The Hindenburg article, which discussed, among other things, an ongoing inquiry by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania relating to, among other things, certain of our arrangements with providers participating in our network and programs, and Clover Assistant, was the subject of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2021.

Information concerning legal proceedings can be found in Note 15 (Commitments and Contingencies) to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated by reference into this item.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the 2021 Form 10-K. In the course of conducting our business operations, we are exposed to a variety of risks, any of which have affected or could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline, possibly significantly or permanently, if one or more of these risks and uncertainties occurs. Any factor described in this report or in any of our other SEC filings could by itself, or together with other factors, adversely affect our financial results and condition. For a discussion of risk factors that could adversely affect our financial results and condition, and the value of, and return on, an investment in the Company, please see the “Risk Factors” section in the 2021 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth below:

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1*	Employment Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2022, between the Registrant and Scott J. Leffler
10.2*	Employment Agreement, effective as of May 9, 2022, between the Registrant and Aric Sharp
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1†	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2†	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

_____________

* Filed herewith.

† Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	CLOVER HEALTH INVESTMENTS, CORP.
Date: August 8, 2022	By:	/s/ Vivek Garipalli
		Vivek Garipalli
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 8, 2022	By:	/s/ Scott J. Leffler
		Scott J. Leffler
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)