Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)

 Registration No. 333-267324

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NO. 1

(to prospectus dated September 26, 2022)

Up to 20,459,040 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information contained in the prospectus dated September 26, 2022 (the “Prospectus”), related to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders (including their transferees, donees, pledgees and other successors-in-interest) named in the Prospectus (the “Selling Securityholders”) of an aggregate of up to 20,459,040 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (“Common Stock”), issuable upon the conversion or exercise of or otherwise pursuant to the Convertible Notes or DF Warrants (as defined below) issued in connection with the Facility Agreement (as defined below). We may receive the proceeds from any exercise of any DF Warrants (as defined below) on a cash basis.

On August 9, 2022, we entered into a Facility Agreement (the “Facility Agreement”) by and among the The Oncology Institute, Inc. (the “Company”), as borrower, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries from time to time party thereto as guarantors and Deerfield Partners, L.P. (“Deerfield Partners”), as agent for itself and the lenders, providing for the issuance and sale by the Company to the Selling Securityholders of $110 million of aggregate principal amount of 4.0% secured senior convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Facility Agreement. On August 9, 2022, pursuant to the Facility Agreement, we sold the Convertible Notes to the Selling Securityholders, which Convertible Notes will mature on August 9, 2027, unless earlier converted or redeemed, and are convertible into shares of our Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $8.567 per share. The Facility Agreement also provides for the issuance of warrants to purchase Common Stock (the “DF Warrants”) to the extent that the obligations under Facility Agreement and the Convertible Notes are prepaid.

This prospectus supplement updates and supplements the Prospectus with the information contained in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 9, 2022. Accordingly, we have attached the Form 10-Q to this prospectus supplement.

This prospectus supplement updates and supplements the information in the Prospectus and is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in combination with, the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto. This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus and if there is any inconsistency between the information in the Prospectus and this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. This prospectus supplement complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company.

Our Common Stock and Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “TOI” and “TOIIW,” respectively. On November 9, 2022, the closing price of our Common Stock was $3.10 and the closing price for our Public Warrants was $0.36.

We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the shares of Common Stock. The Selling Securityholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their sales of the shares of Common Stock.

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of the Prospectusto read about factors you should consider before investing in our Common Stock or Warrants.

1

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus supplement is November 9, 2022.

2

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 001-39248

The Oncology Institute, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware			84-3562323
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
18000 Studebaker Rd, Suite 800	Cerritos	California	90703
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(562) 735-3226

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	TOI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants to purchase common stock	TOIIW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ý    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ý   No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	ý
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	ý
		Emerging growth company	ý

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes ☐   No  ý

As of November 4, 2022, the registrant had 72,341,687 shares of common stock outstanding.

3

Table of Contents

	Page
Part I – Financial Information	5
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	9
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	11
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Shares and Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	13
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	15
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	17
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	60
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	60
Part II – Other Information	62
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	62
Item 1A. Risk Factors	64
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	64
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	64
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	64
Item 5. Other Information	64
Item 6. Exhibits	65
Signatures	67

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PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (US Dollars in thousands, except share data)
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $0 and $875 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)	$	61,425	$	115,174
Marketable securities	29,154		—
Accounts receivable	34,820		20,007
Other receivables	559		1,237
Inventories, net	10,018		6,438
Prepaid expenses	7,655		11,200
Total current assets	143,631		154,056
Non-current investments	58,215		—
Property and equipment, net	7,006		4,192
Operating right of use assets	24,808		—
Intangible assets, net	18,665		18,245
Goodwill	31,016		26,626
Other assets	461		320
Total assets	$	283,802	$	203,439
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	5,163	$	—
Current portion of long-term debt	—		183
Accounts payable	11,155		15,559
Income taxes payable	387		132
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	16,147		13,924
Total current liabilities	32,852		29,798
Operating lease liabilities	21,828		—
Derivative warrant liabilities	1,748		2,193
Derivative earnout liabilities	6,197		60,018
Conversion option derivative liabilities	12,650		—
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs	79,069		—
Other non-current liabilities	970		6,900
Deferred income taxes liability	554		371
Total liabilities	155,868		99,280

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (US Dollars in thousands, except share data)
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Unaudited)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)	—		—
Stockholders’ equity:
TOI Common shares, $0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares; 72,341,687 and 73,249,042 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	7		7
TOI Convertible Series A Common Equivalent Preferred Shares, $0.0001 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares; 165,045 shares and 163,510 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	180,002		167,386
Accumulated deficit	(52,075)		(63,234)
Total stockholders’ equity	127,934		104,159
Total liabilities, cumulative preferred shares and stockholders’ equity	$	283,802	$	203,439

Note: The Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets include the assets and liabilities of its consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The condensed consolidated balance sheets include total assets that can be used only to settle obligations of the Company’s consolidated VIEs totaling $66,348 and $42,332 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and total liabilities of the Company’s consolidated VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company totaling $139,228 and $79,579 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 17 for further details.

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (OPERATIONS)

(US Dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue
Patient services	$	44,627	$	32,967	$	118,793	$	92,375
Dispensary	18,839		17,918		57,736		53,318
Clinical trials & other	1,511		1,390		4,530		5,006
Total operating revenue	64,977		52,275		181,059		150,699
Operating expenses
Direct costs – patient services	36,126		25,391		96,379		72,051
Direct costs – dispensary	15,738		15,279		47,816		45,639
Direct costs – clinical trials & other	113		182		400		494
Selling, general and administrative expense	31,963		12,730		90,117		35,120
Depreciation and amortization	1,134		850		3,219		2,421
Total operating expenses	85,074		54,432		237,931		155,725
Loss from operations	(20,097)		(2,157)		(56,872)		(5,026)
Other non-operating expense (income)
Interest expense, net	1,497		78		1,632		260
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities	159		—		(445)		—
Change in fair value of earnout liabilities	(3,581)		—		(53,821)		—
Change in fair value of conversion option derivative liabilities	(15,510)		—		(15,510)		—
Gain on debt extinguishment	—		—		(183)		(5,186)
Other, net	36		(54)		172		(1,126)
Total other non-operating (income) loss	(17,399)		24		(68,155)		(6,052)
Income (loss) before provision for income (loss) taxes	(2,698)		(2,181)		11,283		1,026
Income tax benefit (expense)	24		(799)		(124)		(1,797)
Net income (loss)	$	(2,674)	$	(2,980)	$	11,159	$	(771)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.03)	$	(0.05)	$	0.12	$	(0.01)
Diluted	$	(0.17)	$	(0.05)	$	(0.03)	$	(0.01)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	72,184,366		66,021,828		72,807,277		64,977,298
Diluted	79,581,304		66,021,828		75,300,018		64,977,298

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES AND CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(US Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Common stock			Preferred stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional paid in capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)		Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Balance at December 31, 2021	73,249,042	$	7	163,510	$	—	$	167,386	$	(63,234)	$	104,159
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		19,286		19,286
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	27,188	—		—	—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		8,553		—		8,553
Balance at March, 31, 2022	73,276,230	$	7	163,510	$	—	$	175,939	$	(43,948)	$	131,998
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(5,453)		(5,453)
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	150,958	—					—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	366,684	—		—	—		337		—		337
Exchange of common stock for preferred stock	(313,000)	—		3,130	—		—		—		—
Repurchase and retirement of common stock	(1,500,000)	—		—	—		(9,000)		—		(9,000)
Net settlement of taxes for equity awards	—	—		—	—		(413)		—		(413)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		6,514		—		6,514
Balance at June 30, 2022	71,980,872	$	7	166,640	$	—	$	173,377	$	(49,401)	$	123,983
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(2,674)		(2,674)
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	107,614	—		—	—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	93,701	—		—	—		79		—		79
Exchange of preferred stock for common stock	159,500	—		(1,595)	—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		6,546		—		6,546
Balance at September 30, 2022	72,341,687	$	7	165,045	$	—	$	180,002	$	(52,075)	$	127,934

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES AND CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(US Dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Legacy TOI Preferred stock			Common stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional paid in capital		Retained Earnings/ (Accumulated Deficit)		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Balance at December, 31, 2020 (as previously reported)	11,451	$	100	—	$	—	$	294	$	(52,307)	$	(52,013)
Retroactive application of the recapitalization due to the Business Combination (refer to Note 1)	(11,451)	(100)		59,160,192	6		80,108		—		80,114
Balance at December 31, 2020, effect of Business Combination (refer to Note 1)	—	$	—	59,160,192	$	6	$	80,402	$	(52,307)	$	28,101
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(996)		(996)
Legacy TOI preferred stock issued and issuance of common stock	—	—		6,861,637	1		19,998		—		19,999
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		42		—		42
Balance at March, 31, 2021	—	$	—	66,021,829	$	7	$	100,442	$	(53,303)	$	47,146
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		3,205		3,205
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		51		—		51
Balance at June 30, 2021	—	$	—	66,021,829	$	7	$	100,493	$	(50,098)	$	50,402
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(2,980)		(2,980)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		60		—		60
Balance at September 30, 2021	—	$	—	66,021,829	$	7	$	100,604	$	(53,078)	$	47,533

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (US Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	11,159	$	(771)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash and restricted cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,219		2,421
Amortization of debt issuance costs	892		53
Share-based compensation	21,613		152
Decrease in fair value of liability classified warrants	(445)		—
Decrease in fair value of liability classified earnouts	(53,821)		—
Decrease in fair value of liability classified conversion option derivatives	(15,510)		—
Unrealized (gain) loss on investments	62		—
Accretion of discount on investment securities	(29)		—
Deferred taxes	183		(3,538)
Gain on debt extinguishment	(183)		(5,186)
Bad debt expense	402		(667)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	22		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations:
Accounts receivable	(15,215)		(4,195)
Inventories	(2,584)		(1,340)
Other receivables	678		(319)
Prepaid expenses	3,545		32
Other current assets	—		(9,094)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,720		—
Other assets	(141)		(128)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	2,894		1,432
Income taxes payable	255		5,015
Accounts payable	(4,404)		6,250
Current and long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,998)		—
Other non-current liabilities	(1,073)		538
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(47,759)		(9,345)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,534)		(1,976)
Purchases of intangible asset in practice acquisitions	—		(200)
Cash paid for practice acquisitions, net	(8,107)		(827)
Purchases of marketable securities/investments	(87,402)		—
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(99,043)		(3,003)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	110,000		—
Transactions costs related to issuance of long-term debt	(3,663)		—
Payments made for financing of insurance payments	(3,739)		—
Payment of deferred consideration liability for acquisition	(509)		—
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(2,094)
Principal payments on financing leases	(39)		(24)
Common stock repurchase	(9,000)		—
Common stock issuance	416		—
Taxes for common shares net settled	(413)		—
Issuance of Legacy TOI preferred stock	—		20,000
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by financing activities	93,053		17,882
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(53,749)		5,534
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	115,174		5,998
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	61,425	$	11,532

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (US Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Deferred consideration as part of practice acquisitions	$	—	$	1,118
Discount on senior secured convertible note	28,160		—
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest and principal forgiven from Paycheck Protection Program loans	183		5,186
Cash paid for:
Income taxes	26		429
Interest	184		193

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021,

and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(US Dollars in thousands, except share data)

Note 1. Description of the Business

Overview of the Business

The Oncology Institute, Inc. (“TOI”) is the successor entity to DFP Healthcare Acquisitions Corp. ("DFPH"). DFPH is a Delaware corporation originally formed in 2019 as a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition company for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination ("Business Combination"). TOI was originally founded in 2007 and is a community oncology practice that operates value-based oncology services platforms. TOI has four wholly-owned subsidiaries, TOI Parent, Inc. ("TOI Parent"), TOI Acquisition, LLC (“TOI Acquisition”), The Oncology Institute of Hope and Innovation Patient Safety Organization, LLC, and TOI Management, LLC (“TOI Management”). Additionally, TOI Management holds master services agreements with affiliated physician-owned professional entities ("TOI PCs") that confer controlling financial interest over the professional entities and their wholly-owned subsidiaries (TOI PCs, together with TOI, the “Company”).

On November 12, 2021 ("Closing Date"), the Business Combination closed following a series of mergers, which resulted in DFPH emerging as the parent of the combined entity Orion Merger Sub II, LLC and TOI Parent (together, "Legacy TOI"). DFPH was renamed “The Oncology Institute, Inc.” and common stock and "Public Warrants" continued to be listed on Nasdaq under the ticker symbols “TOI” and “TOIIW,” respectively (See Note 16).

Operationally, the Company’s medical centers provide a complete suite of medical oncology services including: physician services, in-house infusion and pharmacy, clinical trials, radiation, educational seminars, support groups, counseling, and 24/7 patient assistance. TOI’s mission is to heal and empower cancer patients through compassion, innovation and state-of-the-art medical care. The Company brings comprehensive, integrated cancer care into the community setting, including clinical trials, palliative care programs, stem cell transplants, transfusions, and other care delivery models traditionally associated with non-community-based academic and tertiary care settings. In addition, the Company, through it consolidating subsidiary Innovative Clinical Research Institute, LLC ("ICRI"), performs cancer clinical trials through a network of cancer care specialists. ICRI conducts clinical trials for a broad range of pharmaceutical and medical device companies from around the world.

The Company has 100 oncologists and mid-level professionals across 60 clinic locations located within five states: California, Florida, Arizona, Nevada, and Texas. The Oncology Institute CA, a Professional Corporation ("TOI CA"), one of the TOI PCs, is comprised of the clinic locations in California, Nevada, and Arizona. The Company has contractual relationships with multiple payors, serving Medicare, including Medicare Advantage, Medi-Cal, and commercial patients.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. However, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information is not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (of normal and recurring nature) considered necessary for fair presentation have been reflected in these interim statements. As such, the information included in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes as of, and for the year ended December 31, 2021, issued on March 11, 2022.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TOI, its subsidiaries, all of which are controlled by TOI through majority voting control, and variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which TOI (through TOI Management) is the primary beneficiary. The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest based on either the variable interest entity or voting interest model. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Variable Interest Entities

The Company consolidates entities for which it has a variable interest and is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Noncontrolling interests in less-than-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries of the Company are presented as a component of total equity to distinguish between the interests of the Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. Revenues, expenses, and net income from these subsidiaries are included in the consolidated amounts as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations).

The Company holds variable interests in clinical practices, TOI PCs, for which it cannot legally own, as a result of entering into master services agreements ("MSAs"). As of September 30, 2022, TOI held variable interest in TOI CA, The Oncology Institute FL, LLC, a Professional Corporation ("TOI FL"), and The Oncology Institute TX, a Professional Corporation ("TOI TX"), all of which are VIEs. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the TOI PCs and thus, consolidates the TOI PCs in its financial statements. As discussed in Note 17, the shareholders of the Company's consolidating VIEs own a minority of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for all transactions that represent business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Per ASC 805, the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity are recognized and measured at their fair values on the date an entity obtains control of the acquiree. Such fair values that are not finalized for reporting periods following the acquisition date are estimated and recorded as provisional amounts. Adjustments to these provisional amounts during the measurement period (defined as the date through which all information required to identify and measure the consideration transferred, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and the noncontrolling interests obtained, limited to one year from the acquisition date) are recorded when identified. Goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration exchanged in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired.

The DFPH-Legacy TOI Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, DFPH was treated as the “acquired” company for accounting purposes and the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy TOI issuing stock for the net assets of DFPH, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DFPH are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of TOI Parent.

Segment Reporting

The Company presents the financial statements by segment in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification Topic No. 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”) to provide investors with transparency into how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages the business. The Company determined the CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information and allocates resources across three operating segments: patient services, dispensary, and clinical trials & other. Each of the operating segments is also a reporting segment as described further in Note 20.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include judgements related to revenue recognition, estimated accounts receivable, useful lives and recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets, recoverability of goodwill, fair values of acquired identifiable assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, fair value of intangible assets and goodwill, fair value of share-based compensation, fair value of liability classified instruments, and judgements related to deferred income taxes.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share has been retrospectively adjusted for all periods presented prior to the Business Combination. The retroactive adjustment is based on the same number of weighted average shares outstanding in each historical period.

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Under the two-class method, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the basic and diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the basic and diluted weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic net income per share for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options, restricted stock units, earnout shares (defined in Note 14), public warrants, private placement warrants, and Senior Secured Convertible Notes (defined in Note 11).

The treasury stock method is used to calculate the potentially dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, public warrants, and private placement warrants. The if-converted method is used to calculate the potentially dilutive effect of the Senior Secured Notes. In both methods, diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are adjusted to account for the impact of the assumed issuance of potential common shares that are dilutive, subject to dilution sequencing rules. The earnout shares are contingently issuable; therefore, the earnout shares are excluded from basic and diluted EPS until the market conditions have been met (see more detail on the earnout shares in Note 14). For the periods presented, the public and private placement warrants are out of the money; therefore, the public and private placement warrants are antidilutive and excluded from diluted net income per share.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for fair value measurements under Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). The Company uses valuation approaches that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels (see Note 7 for further discussion):

Level 1inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

Level 2inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

The Company's fair value measurement methodology for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the short maturity and high liquidity of these instruments. Fair value measurement of investment securities available for sale is based upon quoted prices from active markets, if available (Level 1). If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation methodologies. Level 2 investment securities include US Treasuries purchased in the secondary market that use pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets and fair value is determined using pricing models or other valuation methodologies such as broker price indications, which are based on quoted prices for identical or similar notes, which are Level 2 input measures. Fair value measurements of derivative warrants and earnout liabilities are based on Binomial Lattice and Monte-Carlo Simulation Models, respectively, which are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the derivative warrants and earnouts is the expected volatility of the common stock. Fair value measurements of the convertible note warrant and conversion option derivative liabilities are based on the Black-Derman-Troy model implemented in the Binomial Lattice and Black-Scholes Models, which are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the convertible note warrant and conversion option derivative liabilities is the expected volatility of the common stock.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible into cash and mature within 90 days from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2022, the Company's cash equivalents consist of U.S. Treasury bills with a maturity date less than 90 days from the date of purchase.

Debt

The Company accounts for debt net of debt issuance costs and debt discount. Debt issuance costs and debt discount are capitalized, netted against the related debt for presentation purposes, and amortized to interest expense over the terms of the related debt using the effective interest method.

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The Company accounts for bifurcated, debt-classified embedded features separately as derivative liabilities pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). Bifurcated, debt-classified embedded features are recorded at fair value on the Company's balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations) each reporting period.

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company's investments in marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. The Company accounts for its investment securities available for sale using the fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825"), where changes in fair value are recorded in unrealized gains (losses), net on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations). The Company determines the appropriate classification of these investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company’s marketable securities are classified as current assets if the maturity date is less than one year from the date of purchase and they may be readily liquidated.

Interest income, realized gains and losses on sales of securities, and other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of marketable securities, if any, are included as a component of other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations). The cost of securities sold is based on the First In, First Out method.

At each reporting period, the Company evaluates available-for-sale marketable securities, to the extent the fair value option is not elected, for any credit-related impairment when the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost. If the Company determines that the decline in fair value is below the carrying value and this decline is other-than-temporary, credit-related impairment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations) in accordance with ASC 320, Debt Securities. As of September 30, 2022, there were no available-for-sale instruments for which the fair value option was not elected.

Emerging Growth Company

Pursuant to the Business Combination, the Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and has elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company, nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Leases

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases, with various amendments issued in 2018 and 2019 (collectively, “ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective approach, for leases that existed on January 1, 2022. ASC 842 requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases. The Company evaluates whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to the customer the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Upon lease commencement, the date on which a lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company for use, the Company classifies the lease as either an operating or finance lease. The Company applied certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, including the package of practical expedients, which permits the Company not to reassess its prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs capitalization. The Company solely acts as a lessee and its leases primarily consist of operating leases for its real estate in the states in which the Company operates. The Company has other operating and financing leases for various clinical and non-clinical equipment.

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Generally, upon the commencement of a lease, the Company will record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability. An ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the remaining, fixed lease payments at lease commencement. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the later of adoption, inception, or modification in determining the present value of lease payments. ROU assets are measured at an amount equal to the initial lease liability, plus any prepaid lease payments (less any incentives received) and initial direct costs, at the lease commencement date. The Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. As a result, the fixed payments that would otherwise be allocable to the non-lease components are accounted for as lease payments and included in the measurement of the Company’s right-of-use asset and lease liability.

Lease arrangements with an initial term of 12 months or less are considered short-term leases and are not recorded on the balance sheet. The operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term includes any period covered by renewal options available that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise and any options to terminate the lease that the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise.

The Company displays ROU assets, current lease liabilities, and long term lease liabilities arising from operating leases as separate line items on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company includes ROU assets, current lease liabilities, and long term lease liabilities arising from finance leases within property and equipment, net; accrued expenses and other current liabilities; and other non-current liabilities. As a result of the Company's adoption of ASC 842, the Company recorded an initial adjustment to the opening balance sheet of $16,439 to operating ROU assets, $3,970 to current portion of operating lease liabilities, $13,796 to long term operating lease liabilities, $43 to property and equipment, net; $19 to other current liabilities; and $21 to other non-current liabilities. The impact of ASC 842 was not material to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations).

Other

In May 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). The guidance in ASU 2021-04 requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified written call option that does not cause the option to become liability-classified as an exchange of the original option for a new option. This guidance applies whether the modification is structured as an amendment to the terms and conditions of the option or as termination of the original option and issuance of a new option. The Company adopted ASU 2021-04 as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life, instead of when incurred. In November 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (“ASU 2018-19”), which amends Subtopic 326-20 (created by ASU 2016-13) to explicitly state that operating lease receivables are not in the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Additionally, in April 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASU 2019-04”); in May 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief (“ASU 2019-05”); and in November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-10, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (“ASU 2019-10”), to provide further clarifications on certain aspects of ASU 2016-13 and to extend the nonpublic entity effective date of ASU 2016-13. The changes (as amended) are effective for the Company for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. An entity may early adopt ASU 2016-13, as amended, for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. While the Company expects its allowance for credit losses to increase upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which amends ASC 740, Income Taxes. This new standard is intended to simplify accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740 and amending existing guidance to improve consistent application of ASC 740. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2023. The guidance in the new standard has various elements, some of which are applied on a prospective basis and others on a

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retrospective basis with earlier application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of ASU 2019-12 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity ("ASU 2020-06"), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. ASU 2020-06 also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of ASU 2020-06 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations: Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2021-08"). Under ASU 2021-08, an acquirer must recognize, and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contract with Customers (“ASC 606”). The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2024 on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Significant Risks and Uncertainties Including Business and Credit Concentrations

Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, and investment securities.

Cash accounts in a financial institution may, at times, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage of $250 per account ownership category. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts, and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.

The Company’s accounts receivable has implicit collection risk. The Company grants credit without collateral to their patients, most of whom are local residents and are insured under third-party payor agreements. The Company believes this risk is partially mitigated by the Company’s establishment of long-term agreements and relationships with third-party payors that provide the Company with insight into historic collectability and improve the collections process.

The Company's investment securities portfolio is managed by a third party vendor to provide a relatively stable source of investment income from excess liquidity while satisfactorily managing risk, including credit risk, reinvestment risk, liquidity risk, and interest rate risk.

Revenue Concentration Risk

The concentration of net revenue on a percentage basis for major payors for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Percentage of Net Revenue:
Payor A	12	%	16	%	14	%	17	%
Payor B	15	%	15	%	16	%	14	%

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The concentration of gross receivables on a percentage basis for major payors at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Percentage of Gross Receivables:
Payor B	15	%	19	%
Payor C	11	%	14	%

All of the Company’s revenue is generated from customers located in the United States.

Vendor Concentration Risk

The concentration of cost of sales on a percentage basis for major vendors for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Percentage of Cost of Sales:
Vendor A	97	%	53	%	69	%	51	%
Vendor B	N/A		46	%	29	%	48	%

The concentration of gross payables on a percentage basis for major payors at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Percentage of Gross Payables:
Vendor A	72	%	39	%
Vendor B	N/A		47	%

COVID-19 Pandemic

In January 2020, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) declared a national public health emergency due to a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19, a disease caused by this coronavirus, a pandemic. The resulting measures to contain the spread and impact of COVID-19 and other developments related to COVID-19 have affected the Company’s results of operations during 2022. Where applicable, the impact resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 has been considered, including updated assessments of the recoverability of assets and evaluation of potential credit losses. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal and state governments have passed legislation, promulgated regulations, and taken other administrative actions intended to assist healthcare providers in providing care to COVID-19 and other patients during the public health emergency. Sources of relief include the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (the “PPPHCE Act”), which was enacted on April 24, 2020, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”), which was enacted on December 27, 2020. In total, the CARES Act, PPPHCE Act and the CAA authorize $178,000,000 in funding to be distributed to hospitals and other healthcare providers through the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (the “PHSSEF”). In addition, the CARES Act provides for an expansion of the Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payment Program whereby inpatient acute care hospitals and other eligible providers were able to request accelerated payment of up to 100% of their Medicare payment amount for a six-month period to be repaid through withholding of future Medicare fee-for-service payments. Various other state and local programs also exist to provide relief, either independently or through distribution of monies received via the CARES Act. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company was a beneficiary of these stimulus measures. The Company’s accounting policies for the recognition of these stimulus monies is as follows.

The Company directly received $4,993 in Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans under the CARES Act and indirectly received an additional $332 in PPP loans through acquisitions (see Note 16). PPP loans may be eligible for forgiveness if the funds were used for eligible payroll costs, payments on business mortgage interest payments, rent, or utilities

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during either the 8- or 24-week period after disbursement. The Company elected to account for the loans as current debt until such loans were forgiven. Forgiveness for $5,142 of the PPP loans was received during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the balance of all PPP loans has been forgiven. As such, the Company recognized the loan principal balance and accrued interest as a gain on debt extinguishment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations).

The Company received $2,727 from CMS under the Accelerated and Advance Payment Program which is an advance on future Medicare payments and will be recouped from future payments due to the Company by Medicare after 120 days. Effective October 1, 2020, the program was amended such that providers are required to repay accelerated payments beginning one year after the payment was issued. After such one-year period, Medicare payments owed to providers will be recouped against Medicare payments according to the repayment terms. As of December 31, 2021, the Medicare accelerated payments are reflected within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.As of September 30, 2022, the Company repaid all advances received from CMS under the Accelerated and Advance Payment Program.

The Company received funding from United States Department of HHS as part of the Provider Relief Funding under the CARES Act. Provider Relief Funding is paid in the form of a grant and does not require repayment if used to cover lost revenue, as defined, attributable to COVID-19 and healthcare-related expenses, as defined, including qualifying direct labor, paid or purchased to prevent, prepare for, and respond to COVID-19. Under International Accounting Standard No. 20, Accounting for Government Grants (“IAS 20”), grants are recognized when an entity has reasonable assurance that 1) it will comply with the relevant conditions and 2) the grant will be received. The Company recognized $0 in other income related to the HHS funding during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and recognized $1,023 in other income related to HHS funding during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 by applying IAS 20 by analogy.

Note 4. Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due from third-party payors and patients. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to accounts receivable.

Accounts Receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consist of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Oral drug accounts receivable	$	3,212	$	2,097
Capitated accounts receivable	937		665
FFS accounts receivable	23,450		12,530
Clinical trials accounts receivable	1,944		1,823
Other trade receivables	5,277		2,892
Total	$	34,820	$	20,007

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had net reversals of bad debt recoveries of $28 and $110, respectively and bad debt expense of $115, and $292, respectively. Bad debt write-offs were a result of accounts receivable on completed contracts that were deemed uncollectible during the period due to delayed collection efforts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had net reversals of bad debt recoveries of $38 and net bad debt recoveries of $684, respectively. There was $16 of bad debt expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Note 5. Revenue

Management recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 on the basis of its satisfaction of outstanding performance obligations. Management typically fulfills its performance obligations over time, either over the course of a single treatment (FFS), a month (capitation), or a number of months (clinical research). Management also has revenue that is satisfied at a point in time (dispensary). See Note 2 for summary of the Company’s policies and significant assumptions related to revenue recognition.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company categorizes revenue based on various factors such as the nature of contracts, payors, order to billing arrangements, and cash flows received by the Company, as follows:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Patient services
Capitated revenue	$	16,355	$	14,124	$	44,815	$	39,352
FFS revenue	28,272		18,843		73,978		53,023
Subtotal	44,627		32,967		118,793		92,375
Dispensary revenue	18,839		17,918		57,736		53,318
Clinical research trials and other revenue	1,511		1,390		4,530		5,006
Total	$	64,977	$	52,275	$	181,059	$	150,699

Refer to Note 20 for Segment Reporting for disaggregation of revenue by reporting segment.

Contract Asset and Liabilities

Under ASC 606, contract assets represent rights to payment for performance contingent on something other than the passage of time and accounts receivable are rights to payment for performance without contingencies. The Company does not have any contract assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Refer to Note 4 for accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Contract liabilities represent cash that has been received for contracts, but for which performance is still unsatisfied. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, contract liabilities amounted to $1,278 and $220, respectively. Contract liabilities are included within other current liabilities and presented in Note 9 along with refund liabilities due to materiality.

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The accounting terms for the Company’s patient services and dispensary contracts do not extend past a year in duration. Additionally, the Company applies the ‘as invoiced’ practical expedient to its clinical research contracts.

Note 6. Inventories

The Company purchases intravenous chemotherapy drugs and oral prescription drugs from various suppliers. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to intravenous chemotherapy and oral prescription drugs inventory.

The Company’s inventories as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Oral drug inventory	$	3,203	$	1,484
IV drug inventory	6,815		4,954
Total	$	10,018	$	6,438

Note 7. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for its investment securities available for sale using the fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, where changes in fair value are recorded in Other, net non-operating income (expense) on the Company's Condensed

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Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations). The Company’s investment in marketable securities at September 30, 2022 is as follows:

	September 30, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents:
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	32,400	$	1	$	(1)	$	32,400
Marketable securities:
Short-term U.S. Treasuries (1)	29,164		—		(10)		29,154
Long-term U.S. Treasuries (2)	58,267		12		(64)		58,215
Total available for sale securities	$	119,831	$	13	$	(75)	$	119,769

(1)    Short-term U.S. Treasuries have maturity dates within one year of September 30, 2022.

(2)    Long-term U.S. Treasuries have maturity dates after one year through five years of September 30, 2022.

The Company recorded a net unrealized loss of $62 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, 6 securities were in an unrealized loss position. The decline in fair value of our securities since acquisition was attributable to a combination of changes in interest rates and general volatility in the credit market conditions in response to the economic uncertainty caused by the global pandemic, rising inflation and conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We do not currently intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position and further believe, it is more likely than not, that we will not be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery. There were no investment securities held as of December 31, 2021.

The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	61,425	$	29,025	$	32,400	—
Marketable securities	29,154		—		29,154		—
Non-current investments	58,215		—		58,215		—
Accounts receivable	34,820		34,820		—		—
Other receivables	559		559		—		—
Financial liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	11,155	$	11,155	$	—	—
Derivative warrant liabilities	1,748		—		—		1,748
Earnout liabilities	6,197		—		—		6,197
Conversion option derivative liabilities	12,650		—		—		12,650

	December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	115,174	$	115,174	$	—	$	—
Accounts receivable	20,007		20,007		—		—
Other receivables	1,237		1,237		—		—
Financial liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	15,559	$	15,559	$	—	$	—
Derivative warrant liabilities	2,193		—		—		2,193
Earnout liabilities	60,018		—		—		60,018

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The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, other receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity and high liquidity of these instruments.

The Company measures its investments at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies those instruments within Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Investment securities, including U.S. Treasury Bills purchased in the secondary market and U.S. Treasury bonds, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value is determined using models or other valuation methodologies. The Company measures its derivative warrant, earnout, convertible note warrant derivative liability, optional redemption derivative liability and conversion option derivative liability on a recurring basis and classifies those instruments within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to fair value measurements, and Note 11 for more detail on the convertible note warrant, optional redemption, and conversion option derivative liabilities.

The following table presents information about the Company’s Level 3 liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2022:

(in thousands)	Private Warrant Liability		Earnout Liability		Conversion Option Derivative Liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	2,193	$	60,018	$	—
Conversion option derivative liability acquired (See Note 11 for detail)	—		—		28,160
Change in fair value included in other expense	(445)		(53,821)		(15,510)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1,748	$	6,197	$	12,650

The derivative warrant and earnout liabilities were valued using a Binomial Lattice and Monte-Carlo Simulation Model, respectively, which are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. The convertible note warrant and conversion option derivative liabilities were valued using the Binomial Lattice and Black-Scholes Models, which are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of our Level 3 liabilities is the expected volatility of the common stock. A summary of the inputs used in the valuations is as follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Derivative Warrant Liability			First Tranche Earnout			Second Tranche Earnout			Convertible Note Warrant Derivative Liability			Conversion Option Derivative Liability
Unit price	$	4.63		$	4.63		$	4.63		$	4.63		$	4.63
Term (in years)	4.12			1.55			1.65			4.86			4.86
Volatility	49.00		%	45.00		%	45.00		%	40.00		%	40.00		%
Risk-free rate	4.10		%	4.22		%	4.22		%	4.02		%	4.02		%
Dividend yield	—			—			—			—			—
Cost of equity	—			14.00		%	14.00		%	—			—

	December 31, 2021
	Derivative Warrant Liability			First Tranche Earnout			Second Tranche Earnout
Unit price	$	9.75		$	9.75		$	9.75
Term (in years)	4.87			1.87			2.87
Volatility	12.80		%	35.00		%	35.00		%
Risk-free rate	1.24		%	0.94		%	0.94		%
Dividend yield	—			—			—
Cost of equity	—			11.14		%	11.14		%

On August 9, 2022, the Company issued a senior secured convertible note that contains embedded warrant, optional redemption, and conversion option features. Due to the economic disincentive to redeem and the make whole amount that would be required to be paid, it is highly unlikely that the optional redemption would occur, reducing the value during the

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period to a qualitatively immaterial amount. See Note 11 for additional detail. A summary of the inputs used in the initial measurement of the convertible note warrant and conversion option derivative liabilities is as follows:

	August 9, 2022
	(Initial Measurement)
	Convertible Note Warrant Derivative Liability			Conversion Option Derivative Liability
Unit price	$	6.63		$	6.63
Term (in years)	5.00			5.00
Volatility	42.5		%	42.5		%
Risk-free rate	3.0		%	3.0		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%
Cost of equity	0.0		%	0.0		%

There wereno transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The inputs to estimate the fair value of the Company’s derivative warrant, earnout, convertible note warrant, and conversion option derivative liabilities were the market price of the Company’s common stock, their remaining expected term, the volatility of the Company’s common stock price and the risk-free interest rate over the expected term. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation can result in a significant change in the fair value measurement.

Generally, an increase in the market price of the Company’s shares of common stock, an increase in the volatility of the Company’s shares of common stock, and an increase in the remaining term of the derivative liabilities would each result in a directionally similar change in the estimated fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities. Such changes would increase the associated liability while decreases in these assumptions would decrease the associated liability. An increase in the risk-free interest rate would result in a decrease in the estimated fair value measurement and thus a decrease in the associated liability. The Company has not, and does not plan to, declare dividends on its common stock and, as such, there is no change in the estimated fair value of the derivative warrant liabilities due to the dividend assumption.

Note 8. Property and Equipment, Net

The Company accounts for property and equipment at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to property and equipment.

Property and equipment, net, consist of the following:

(in thousands)	Useful lives	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Computers and software	60 months	$	1,455	$	961
Office furniture	84 months	590		343
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life	6,017		3,387
Medical equipment	60 months	1,086		805
Construction in progress		533		518
Finance lease ROU assets	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life	371		162
Less: accumulated depreciation		(3,046)		(1,984)
Total property and equipment, net		$	7,006	$	4,192

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $393 and $225, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1,066 and $563, respectively.

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Note 9. Accrued Expenses and Other Current and Non-Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consist of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Compensation, including bonuses, fringe benefits, and payroll taxes	$	4,614	$	3,325
Contract liabilities	1,278		262
Directors and officers insurance premiums	4,280		5,009
Deferred acquisition and contingent consideration (see Note 16)	2,347		2,359
Accrued interest	648		—
Other liabilities	2,980		2,969
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	16,147	$	13,924

Contract liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consist of cumulative adjustments made to capitated revenue recognized in prior periods.

Pursuant to the Business Combination, the Company has agreed to indemnify members of the Board and certain officers if they are named or threatened to be named as a party to any proceeding by reason of the fact that they acted in such capacity. The Company entered into a financing arrangement to pay premiums for directors’ and officers’ (“D&O”) insurance coverage to protect against such losses on November 12, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the remaining D&O principal balance was $4,280, all of which is due to be paid before September 30, 2023 and classified as a current liability.

Note 10. Leases

The Company leases clinics, office buildings, and certain equipment under noncancellable financing and operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through November 2031. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to leases.

The initial terms of operating leases range from 0 to 10 years and certain leases provide for free rent periods, periodic rent increases, and renewal options. Monthly payments for these leases range from $0 to $37. All lease agreements generally require the Company to pay maintenance, repairs, property taxes, and insurance costs, which are generally variable amounts based on actual costs incurred during each applicable period.

Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Operating lease costs:	$	1,576	$	3,992
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of ROU asset	$	14	$	41
Interest expense	$	1	$	4
Other lease costs:
Short-term lease costs	$	94	$	306
Variable lease costs	$	263	$	690

Operating and other lease costs are presented as part of selling, general, and administrative expenses. The components of finance lease costs appear in depreciation and amortization and interest expense.

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

The aggregate future lease payments for the Company's leases in years subsequent to September 30, 2022 are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2022	$	1,511	$	24

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(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	6,443		84
2024	5,946		77
2025	5,264		42
2026	4,613		39
Thereafter	7,618		29
Total future lease payment	$	31,395	$	295
Less: amount representing interest	(4,404)		(34)
Present value of future lease payment (lease liability)	$	26,991	$	261
Reported as:
Lease liabilities, current	$	5,163	$	74
Lease liabilities, noncurrent	21,828		187
Total lease liabilities	$	26,991	$	261

Lease Term and Discount Rate

The following table provides the weighted average remaining lease terms and weighted average discount rates for the Company's leases as of September 30, 2022:

	September 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating	5.37
Finance	3.92
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating	5.15	%
Finance	5.95	%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table provides certain cash flow and supplemental noncash information related to the Company's lease liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash payment from operating leases	$	3,814
Financing cash payments for finance leases	49
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets:
Operating leases	$	29,468
Finance leases	203

Lease Modifications

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company expanded its lease space and extended its lease term for two corporate offices in California, both with revised end dates of January 1, 2028. These expansions and extensions constitute lease modifications that qualify as a change of accounting for the original leases and not separate contracts. Accordingly, in the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized the difference of $880 as an increase to the operating lease liability; $839 net of lease incentives, as an increase to operating lease right-of-use asset, and $42 as an increase to rent expense.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company expanded its lease space and extended its lease term for two clinics and two corporate offices in California. These expansions and extensions constitute lease modifications that qualify as a change of accounting for the original leases and not separate contracts. Accordingly, in the nine months ended September

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30, 2022, the Company recognized the difference of $2,186 as an increase to the operating lease liability; $2,052, net of lease incentives, as an increase to operating lease right-of-use asset, and $39 as a net increase to rent expense.

Note 11. Debt

Senior Secured Convertible Note

On August 9, 2022, TOI entered into a Facility Agreement (the “Facility Agreement”) with certain lenders (“Lenders”) and Deerfield Partners L.P. (“Agent”), pursuant to which, TOI borrowed cash loans from the Lenders in the amount of $110,000, in exchange for which, TOI issued to each Lender a secured convertible promissory note (“Senior Secured Convertible Note”), which is payable to such Lenders in an amount equal to the unpaid principal amount of loans held by such Lender.

The Senior Secured Convertible Note will mature on August 9, 2027 (the “Maturity Date”) and shall bear interest at the rate of 4.00% per annum from August 9, 2022, on the outstanding principal amount, any overdue interest and any other amounts and obligations. The interest shall be paid in cash quarterly in arrears commencing on October 1, 2022. In case of any prepayment, repayment or redemption of the Senior Secured Convertible Note, the Company shall pay any accrued and unpaid interest on the principal, along with a make whole amount and an exit fee.

The Facility Agreement requires the Company to meet certain operational and reporting requirements, including, but not limited to, customary regulatory, financial reporting, and disclosure requirements. Additionally, limitations are placed on the Company's ability to merge with other companies and enter into other debt arrangements and permitted investments are limited to amounts specified in the Facility Agreement. The Facility Agreement also provides certain restrictions on dividend payments and other equity transactions and requires the Company to make prepayments under specified circumstances. Financial covenants in the Facility Agreement require the Company to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash and cash equivalent balance of $40,000 and a minimum net quarterly revenues of $50,000 during fiscal year 2023; $75,000 during fiscal year 2024; and $100,000 during fiscal year 2025. Additionally, the Registration Rights Agreement requires the Company to have an effective registration statement and calls for payment should the registration statement cease to remain effective. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Facility Agreement as of September 30, 2022.

Conversion Options

The Senior Secured Convertible Note contains several embedded conversion options (the “Conversion Options”) that grant the holders of the Senior Secured Convertible Note the ability to convert the Senior Secured Convertible Note at any time on or after date of issuance of the note. The Conversion Options are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock (such converted shares, “Conversion Shares”) and, in certain circumstances, a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash, other assets and securities or other property of any Company successor entity. The Conversion Shares or settlement amounts shall be computed on the basis of predefined formulae, with a set conversion price of $8.567 as one of the inputs and a conversion cap of 14,663,019 shares. The if-converted value did not exceed the principal amount as of September 30, 2022. No Conversion Shares were issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Company evaluated the Conversion Options of the Senior Secured Convertible Note under ASC 815 and concluded that they require bifurcation from the host contract as a separate unit of account. The Conversion Options do not meet the criteria to be classified in shareholders’ equity and hence, are accounted for as a derivative liability remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value reported in earnings.

The Conversion Options contain certain limits on exercise if, after giving effect to the exercise, the Lender would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock of the Company in excess of those permissible under the terms of the Senior Secured Convertible Note. The number of shares to be issued against these notes and conversion price are each subject to adjustments provided under the terms of Senior Secured Convertible Note.

The holder shall receive dividends on the Senior Secured Convertible Note and distributions of any kind made to the holders of common stock, other than dividends of, or distributions in, shares, to the same extent as if the holder had converted the Senior Secured Convertible Note into such shares and had held such shares on the record date for such dividends and distributions any limitations on conversion options.

Optional Redemption

The Facility Agreement also provides the Company the right to redeem the outstanding principal amount of each note (“Optional Redemption”) for the Optional Redemption Price. The Company shall not affect any Optional Redemption under this Senior Secured Convertible Note unless along with this, the Company effects an optional redemption under all other notes

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in accordance with the terms thereof, on a pro rata basis, based upon the respective applicable original principal amount of each of the notes outstanding as of the date the notice for Optional Redemption is delivered to the holders.

The Company evaluated the Optional Redemption feature of the Senior Secured Convertible Note under ASC 815 and concluded that it requires bifurcation from the host contract as a separate unit of account. The Optional Redemption feature does not meet the criteria to be classified in shareholders’ equity and hence, is accounted for as a derivative liability remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The fair value of the Optional Redemption feature is de minimis.

If the principal redemption amount specified in an Optional Redemption notice is less than the entire principal amount then outstanding, the principal amount specified in each conversion notice shall be applied (i) first, to reduce, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the principal amount of the note in excess of the principal redemption amount until such excess principal amount is reduced to zero and (ii) to reduce, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the principal redemption amount until all of such principal redemption amount shall have been converted.

Convertible Note Warrants

The Facility Agreement also provides for the issuance of warrants (the “Convertible Note Warrants”) on each date any principal amount of any Senior Secured Convertible Note is paid, repaid, redeemed, or prepaid at any time prior to the Maturity Date. Convertible Note Warrants are exercisable from their original issue date to August 9, 2027, for purchase of an aggregate amount of Conversion Shares into which such principal amount of Senior Secured Convertible Note was convertible into, immediately prior to such payment, at an exercise price of $8.567.The holder of Convertible Note Warrants may pay the exercise price in cash or exercise the warrant on cashless basis or through a reduction of an amount of principal outstanding under any Senior Secured Convertible Note held by such holder. In the event that the Convertible Note Warrant has not been exercised in full as of the last business day during its term, the holder shall be deemed to have exercised the purchase rights represented by the Convertible Note Warrant in full as a cashless exercise, in which event the Company shall issue number of shares to the holder computed on the basis of a predefined formula.

The Company evaluated the Convertible Note Warrants of the Senior Secured Convertible Note under ASC 815 and concluded that they require bifurcation from the host contract as a separate unit of account. The Convertible Note Warrants do not meet the criteria to be classified in shareholders’ equity and hence, are accounted for as a derivative liability remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value reported in earnings.

The Convertible Note Warrant holder shall be entitled to receive any dividend or distribution made by the Company to the holders of common stock to the same extent as if the holder had exercised the Convertible Note Warrants in full in a cash exercise.

The number of shares to be issued against these warrants and exercise price are each subject to adjustments provided under the terms of Convertible Note Warrants. The Convertible Note Warrants contain certain limits on exercise if, after giving effect to the exercise, the Lender would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock of the Company in excess of those permissible under the terms of the Convertible Note Warrants. Further, the Convertible Note Warrants can be fully or partially settled in cash in certain cases in accordance with the terms of issuance such as when shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants exceed a predefined number, upon occurrence of predefined event of default and upon occurrence of predefined events that will bring a fundamental change in the Company such as merger, consolidation, business combination, recapitalization, reorganization, reclassification or other similar event.

As of September 30, 2022, there are no Convertible Note Warrants outstanding.

Allocation of Proceeds

The Company has allocated total issuance proceeds of $110,000 among the Senior Secured Convertible Note and Convertible Note Warrants based on fair value. Upon issuance of the Convertible Note Warrants, the Company recorded Convertible Note Warrants, Optional Redemption, and Conversion Options of $0, $0 and $28,160, which were recorded as a debt discount to the Senior Secured Convertible Note of $110,000. The Company will amortize the debt discount over a period of 5 years (of which 4.86 years remain).

The total issuance costs of $4,924 was allocated among the Senior Secured Convertible Note, Convertible Note Warrants, Optional Redemption, and Conversion Options, by allocating costs of $0, $0, and $1,261 to the Convertible Note Warrants, Optional Redemption, and Conversion Options with the residual cost of $3,663 being allocated to the Senior Secured Convertible Note (in addition to the debt discount). The Company expensed issuance costs allocated to Warrants, Optional

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Redemption, and Conversion Options at inception and will amortize the costs allocated to the Senior Secured Convertible Note over a period of 5 years (of which 4.86 years remain).

Amounts Outstanding and Recognized during the Periods Presented

The Senior Secured Convertible Note as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consists of the following:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Senior Secured Convertible Note, due August 9, 2027	$	110,000	$	—
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs	3,588		—
Less: Unamortized debt discount	27,343		—
Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	$	79,069	$	—

The amortization of the debt issuance costs was charged to interest expense for all periods presented. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 the effective yield was 13.38%, and 0%, respectively. The amount of debt issuance costs included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $892. The Company accrued interest of $648 on the Credit Agreement term loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was no debt issuance cost, accrued interest, or interest expense related to this facility for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

On August 9, 2022, the Company also entered into the Guarantee and Security Agreement (“Guarantee Agreement”) with the Agent for the purpose of providing a guarantee of all the obligations under the Facility Agreement (refer to Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies for detail).

PPP Loan

The Company recorded a PPP loan as a result of the acquisition of the practice of Leo E. Orr, MD on November 12, 2021 with Pacific Western Bank in the amount of $183, with interest bearing at 1%. The maturity date of the loan is October 24, 2026. The application for the PPP funds required an entity to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the entity. This certification further required the entity to take into account its current business activity and its ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The receipt of these funds, and the forgiveness of the loan attendant to these funds, is dependent on the entity having initially qualified for the loan and qualifying for the forgiveness of such loan based on its future adherence to the forgiveness criteria. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company received notice of forgiveness of its PPP loan and accordingly has recognized the loan principal balance and accrued interest as a gain on debt extinguishment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations).

Note 12. Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax benefit of $24 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and income tax expense of $124 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to income tax expense of $799 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and income tax expense of $1,797 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease of $823 and $1,673, respectively, in income tax expenseis primarily related to the corresponding increase in the valuation allowance for TOI. The Company's effective tax rate decreased to 1.10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from 175.15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the increase of the valuation allowance.

The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was different than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21.00%, primarily due to the increased valuation allowance, partially offset by the tax effect of the change in fair market value of the warrant, earn out, and derivative liabilities, non-deductible transaction costs, as well as the Section 162(m) limitation on compensation for covered employees and Section 163(l) limitation on interest expense related to the convertible note, which are not taxable for federal income tax purposes.

Note 13. Stockholders' Equity

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Preferred Shares and Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) has been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the Business Combination and reverse recapitalization described in Note 1. The balances as of September 30, 2021 from the condensed consolidated financial statements of Legacy TOI as of that

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date, share activity (Legacy TOI preferred stock, Legacy TOI common stock, and additional paid-in capital) and per share amounts were retroactively adjusted, where applicable, using the Common Stock Exchange Ratio.

Common Stock

Upon the Closing Date of the Business Combination on November 12, 2021, pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company authorized 500,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 72,341,687 and 73,249,042 shares, respectively, of common stock outstanding.

In connection with the Closing Date, all previously issued and outstanding shares of Legacy TOI preferred stock were converted into Legacy TOI common stock and received i) shares of Company common stock pursuant to a 591:1 ratio of Company common shares to Legacy TOI common shares (the "Common Stock Exchange Ratio") and ii) cash. The Company has retroactively adjusted shares issued and outstanding prior to November 11, 2021 to give effect to the Common Stock Exchange Ratio to determine the number of shares of common stock into which they were converted.

Voting

The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders (and written actions in lieu of meetings), and there is no cumulative voting.

Dividends

Common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors. No dividends have been declared as of September 30, 2022.

Preferred Stock

Upon the Closing Date of the Business Combination, pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Company authorized 10,000,000 shares of Series A Common Equivalent Preferred Stock (“preferred stock”) with a par value and liquidation preference of $0.0001 per share. The Company’s board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders to issue such shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish, from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the dividend, voting, and other rights, preferences, and privileges of the shares. Immediately following the Closing Date and as of December 31, 2021, there were 163,510 shares of preferred stock outstanding. As of September 30, 2022, there were 165,045 shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Conversion

Each share of preferred stock is convertible, at any time on the part of the holder except with respect to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (defined below), into 100 shares of common stock.

Blocker/Beneficial Ownership Limitation

The preferred stock is subject to a beneficial ownership limitation such that the preferred stock may not, at any time, be convertible into more than 4.9% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding (“Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

Voting

The holders of preferred stock do not have voting rights in the Company.

Dividends

The holders of preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors on an as-converted basis. No dividends have been declared as of September 30, 2022.

Assumed Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants

Following the consummation of the Business Combination, holders of the public warrants and private placement warrants are entitled to acquire common stock of the Company. The warrants became exercisable 30 days from the completion of the Business Combination, on December 12, 2021, and will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination or

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earlier upon redemption or liquidation. As of September 30, 2022, there are 5,749,986 public warrants outstanding and 3,177,542 private placement warrants outstanding.

Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock for $11.50 per share. Private warrants held by the initial purchaser or certain permitted transferees may be exercised on a cashless basis.

If the reported last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders, the Company may redeem all the public warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice.

If the Company calls the public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the public warrants to do so on a cashless basis. The Company will not be required to net cash settle the warrants.

The private warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the private warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers of their permitted transferees, the private warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 10, 2022, the Company's Board consented to the adoption and approval of the Share Repurchase Program, authorizing up to $20,000 to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, expiring on December 31, 2022. The Company repurchased and immediately retired 1,500,000 shares of its common stock for $9,000 from a related party (see Note 21) during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, $11,000 of the Share Repurchase Program authorization remained available for repurchases.

Note 14. Share-Based Compensation

Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan

On January 2, 2019, the Company issued and adopted the 2019 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (the “2019 Plan”) to incentivize directors, consultants, advisors, and other key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries to continue their association by providing opportunities to participate in the ownership and further growth of the Company. The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of options (the “Stock Options”) to acquire common shares of the Company.

Stock Options are exercised from the pool of shares designated by the appropriate Committee of the Board of Directors. The grant-date fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The grant date fair value of the service vesting and the performance vesting options is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period and upon the achievement of the performance condition deemed probable of being achieved, respectively. The exercise price of each Stock Option shall be determined by the Committee and may not be less than the fair market value of the common shares on the date of grant. Stock Options have 10-year terms, after which they expire and are no longer exercisable.

The total number of common shares for which Stock Options may be granted under the 2019 Plan shall not exceed 13,640. The 2019 Plan was amended on November 6, 2020, pursuant to which the total number of common shares for which Stock Options may be granted under the 2019 Plan shall not exceed 15,640.

Stock Options become vested upon fulfillment of either service vesting conditions, performance vesting conditions, or both, as determined by the award agreement entered into by the Company and optionee. The service vesting requirement states that: (i) 25% of the service vesting options shall vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and (ii) the remaining 75% shall vest on an equal monthly-basis, so long as the optionee has remained continuously employed by the Company from the date of the award through the fourth anniversary of the grant date. The performance vesting requirement states that Stock Options shall vest upon sale of the Company only if the optionee has been continuously employed by the Company or its subsidiaries from the grant date through the date of such sale of the Company. For the awards vesting based on service conditions only and that have a graded vesting schedule, the Company recognizes compensation expense for vested awards in earnings, net of actual forfeitures in the period they occur, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

Conversion of the Stock Options

In conjunction with the Business Combination, the Company amended and fully restated the 2019 Plan through the establishment of the 2021 Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”). Pursuant to the 2021 Plan, each remaining legacy Stock Option from

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the 2019 Plan that was outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination, whether vested or unvested, was converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock (each such option, an “Exchanged Option”) equal to the product (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of (i) the number of shares of Legacy TOI stockholders subject to such Stock Option immediately prior to the Business Combination, and (ii) an exercise price per share equal to (A) the exercise price per share of such Stock Option immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, divided by (B) the Common Stock Exchange Ratio ("Stock Option Exchange Ratio"). Following the Business Combination, each Exchanged Option that was previously subject to time vesting only, will continue to be governed by the same terms and conditions (including vesting and exercisability terms) as were applicable to the corresponding former old Stock Option immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. Each Exchanged Option that was previously subject to performance vesting, will no longer be subject to the sale of the Company, and was modified to include service requirements only, under which, the Exchange Options will vest on a monthly-basis, so long as the optionee has remained continuously employed by the Company from the date of the Business Combination through the third anniversary of the Closing Date. The Company treated the Exchanged Options that were previously subject to performance conditions as a new award granted at the Closing Date. The Exchanged Options that were previously subject to service vesting only were not modified as a result of the Business Combination. All stock option activity was retroactively restated to reflect the Exchanged Options.

As of the Closing Date, the 11,850 Stock Options outstanding under the 2019 Plan were converted into 6,925,219 Exchanged Options after effect of the Common Stock Exchange Ratio. This effect of the Common Stock Exchange Ratio has been retroactively adjusted throughout the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of September 30, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock remaining available for future awards (e.g., non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards) under the 2021 Plan is 10,715,648.

The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model for the units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 Stock Options are provided in the following table:

	September 30, 2022	September 30, 2021
Valuation assumptions:
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%
Expected volatility	35.0% to 45.0%	38.60% to 40.20%
Risk-free interest rate	2.33% to 2.99%	0.76% to 1.12%
Expected term (years)	6.07 to 6.65	7.00

The Company used the simplified method to calculate the expected term of stock option grants because sufficient historical exercise data was not available to provide a reasonable basis for the expected term. Under the simplified method, the expected term is estimated to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the contractual term of the option.

Stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

Stock options	Number of shares	Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual term	Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2022	6,921,180	$	0.89
Granted	1,563,633	7.14
Exercised	(460,385)	0.91
Forfeited	(833,687)	2.17
Expired	(1,876)	1.13
Balance at September 30, 2022	7,188,865	$	2.10	7.51	$	21,744
Vested Options Exercisable at September 30, 2022	2,762,097	$	0.87	6.74	$	10,391

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Stock options	Number of shares	Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual term	Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2021	8,683,952	$	0.85
Granted	1,182,218	1.08
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited	(710,032)	0.86
Expired	—	—
Balance at September 30, 2021	9,156,138	$	0.88	8.31	$	—
Vested Options Exercisable at September 30, 2021	1,506,554	$	0.85	6.86	$	—

Total share-based compensation expense during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $2,756 and $60, related to the Stock Options, respectively. Total share-based compensation expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $8,837 and $153, related to the Stock Options, respectively.

At September 30, 2022, there was $23,747 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested service Stock Options that are expected to vest. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.48 years. The total fair value of common shares vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $6,976 and $322, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

Agajanian Holdings (“Holdings”), a holder of Series A Preferred Shares of Legacy TOI, entered into arrangements with physicians employed by the TOI PCs to issue RSAs which represent Series A Preferred Shares of Legacy TOI. The Legacy TOI RSAs only have performance vesting requirements linked to the sale of the Company so long as the grantee remains continuously and actively employed by the Company’s subsidiaries through the vesting date.

Conversion of the RSAs

Each of the Legacy TOI RSAs, from the Plan that was outstanding immediately prior to the Business Combination, whether vested or unvested, was converted into an RSU equal to the product (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of (i) the number of shares of RSAs immediately prior to the Business Combination, (ii) conversion rate of 1:10 of the Series A Preferred Shares of Legacy TOI, and (iii) the Common Stock Exchange Ratio. Following the Business Combination, each RSU is no longer subject to the sale of the Company event in order to vest, but was modified to include service requirements only. The service vesting requirement states that: (i) 16.67% of the RSUs shall vest on the sixth month anniversary of the Closing Date, and (ii) the remaining 83.33% shall vest on an equal quarterly-basis, so long as the grantee has remained continuously employed by the Company from the date of the award through the third anniversary of the grant date. The Company treated the RSUs that were previously subject to performance conditions as a new award granted at the Closing Date. All RSAs activity was retroactively restated to reflect the RSUs.

As of the Closing Date, the 2,210 RSAs outstanding under the Plan were converted into 1,291,492 RSUs upon the completion of the Business Combination after effect of the Common Stock Exchange Ratio. This effect of the Common Stock Exchange Ratio has been retroactively adjusted throughout our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The weighted-average grant date fair values of the RSUs granted during three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and as of Closing Date were determined to be $6.82, $7.28 and $10.98, respectively, based on the fair value of the Company’s common share at the grant date.

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A summary of the activity for the RSUs and RSAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are shown in the following tables:

	Number of Shares
Balance at January 1, 2022	1,291,492
Granted	1,544,284
Vested	(350,043)
Forfeited	(315,686)
Balance at September 30, 2022	2,170,047

	Number of Shares
Balance at January 1, 2021	1,390,839
Granted	—
Vested	—
Forfeited	(23,376)
Balance at September 30, 2021	1,367,463

The total share-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2,356 and $5,848 related to the RSUs, respectively. The sale of the Company was not considered probable until consummation of the transaction, and therefore, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and prior to the Business Combination, no compensation costs were recognized related to the RSAs.

As of September 30, 2022 there was $16,573 of unrecognized compensation expense related to the RSUs that are expected to vest. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.57 years as of September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, 350,043 of the RSUs have vested and 64,331 were net settled to cover the required withholding tax upon vesting.

2020 Sale Bonus Plan

Starting December 2020, the Company issued bonus awards under the 2020 Sale Bonus Plan (the “Bonus Plan”) along with the Stock Options with performance vesting conditions to certain physicians of the Practice. The Stock Options and the bonus awards under the Bonus Plan vest upon the sale of the Company. The bonus award the optionee was eligible for was equal to the exercise price of the Stock Option, and was intended to incentivize the physicians to remain employed with the Practice.

The Company accounted for the bonus awards in accordance with ASC Topic No. 710, Compensation — General (“ASC 710”). The sale of the Company was not considered probable until consummation of the transaction, and therefore, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, no liability associated with the bonus awards was recognized by the Company.

In conjunction with the Business Combination, the Company settled the 2020 Sale Bonus Plan obligation in cash at the Closing Date, in the amount of $635.

Earnout Shares granted to Employees

As part of the Business Combination, DFPH issued to eligible Legacy TOI stockholders and Legacy TOI employees the contingent right to receive up to $12.5 million additional shares of common stock (“Legacy TOI Earnout Shares”), in two tranches of $5.0 million ("First Earnout Tranche") and $7.5 million ("Second Earnout Tranche"), respectively, upon the Company common stock achieving a price per share of $12.50 during the two-year period following the Closing or a price per share of $15.00 during the three-year period following the Closing Date, in each case, as its last reported sales price per share for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period within the applicable period ("Earnout Terms"); provided, that (i) if one or both of the share price triggers has not been achieved prior to the end of the three-year period following the Closing Date, (ii) the Company enters into a definitive agreement that would result in a change of control and (iii) the price per share of the Company’s common stock in such transaction is equal to or greater than one or both of the share price triggers, then at the Closing Date of such transaction, the Company shall issue the applicable portion of the Legacy TOI Earnout Shares as if such share price trigger had been achieved.

In addition, certain DFPH common stockholders deposited 575,000 shares of DFPH common stock in an escrow account that will vest and be released to such holders in two tranches of 50%, each (“DFPH Earnout Shares”), upon the Company

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common stock achieving the Earnout Terms as described above; provided, that (i) if one or both of the share price triggers has not been achieved prior to the end of the three-year period following the closing, (ii) the Company enters into a definitive agreement that would result in a change of control and (iii) the price per share of common stock in such transaction is equal to or greater than one or both of the share price triggers, then at the closing of such transaction, the Company shall issue the applicable portion of the DFPH Earnout Shares as if such share price trigger had been achieved. To the extent any DFPH Earnout Shares remain unvested at the expiration of the three-year period following the closing, such DFPH Earnout Shares shall be forfeited and cancelled without any consideration.

Collectively, the Legacy TOI Earnout Shares and DFPH Earnout Shares constitute the “Earnout Shares”, the “Earnout”, and the “Earnout Liability”.

The Company issued Legacy TOI Earnout Shares to Legacy TOI option holders and Legacy RSU holders (“Option-holders Earnout” and “RSU-holders Earnout”, respectively, together “Employees Earnout Shares”).

The Option-holders Earnout vests upon the Company common stock achieving the price per share as provided above, so long as the optionee has remained continuously employed by the Company at that date. The RSU-holders Earnout vests upon (a) the Company common stock achieving the price per share as provided above, and (b) the underlying RSU vested, so long as the optionee has remained continuously employed by the Company at that date.

The grant date fair value of the First Earnout Tranche and Second Earnout Tranche as of Closing Date was determined to be $8.35 and $6.76, respectively. The assumptions used in the Monte-Carlo Simulation model for the Earnout Shares granted on the Closing Date are provided in the following table:

	November 12, 2021
Valuation assumptions
Expected dividend yield	—	%
Expected volatility	35.00	%
Risk-free interest rate	0.85	%

A summary of the activity for the Employees Earnout Shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is shown in the following table:

	Number of Shares
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1,602,435
Granted	—
Forfeited	(165,297)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1,437,138

The total share-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1,434 and $6,928, related to the Employees Earnout Shares, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $1,536 of unrecognized compensation expense related to the Employees Earnout Shares, that are expected to vest. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.30 years as of September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, none of the Employee Earnout Shares have vested.

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company evaluates contingencies based upon available evidence. In addition, allowances for losses are provided each year for disputed items which have continuing significance. The Company believes that allowances for losses have been provided to the extent necessary, and that its assessment of contingencies is reasonable. Due to the inherent uncertainties and subjectivity involved in accounting for contingencies, there is at least a reasonable possibility that recorded estimates will change by a material amount in the near term. To the extent that the resolution of contingencies results in amounts which vary from management’s estimates, future operating results will be charged or credited. The principal commitments and contingencies are described below.

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Legal Matters

The Company is subject to certain outside claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of Management, the outcome of such matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Loss contingencies entail uncertainty and a possibility of loss to an entity. If the loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, the loss should be accrued according to Accounting Standards Codification No. 450-20, Disclosure of Certain Loss Contingencies. As of the end of December 31, 2021, the Company settled a loss contingency for a legal matter related to an employee lawsuit for $350.

Indemnities

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation and bylaws require it, among other things, to indemnify the director or officer against specified expenses and liabilities, such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and settlements, paid by the individual in connection with any action, suit, or proceeding arising out of the individual’s status or service as its director or officer, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct or conduct that is knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest, and to advance expenses incurred by the individual in connection with any proceeding against the individual with respect to which the individual may be entitled to indemnification by the Company. The Company also indemnifies its lessor in connection with its facility lease for certain claims arising from the use of the facilities. These indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments it could be obligated to make. Historically, the Company has not incurred any payments for these obligations and, therefore, no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) assures health insurance portability, reduces healthcare fraud and abuse, guarantees security and privacy of health information, and enforces standards for health information. Organizations are required to be in compliance with HIPAA provisions. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) imposes notification requirements in the event of certain security breaches relating to protected health information. Organizations are subject to significant fines and penalties if found not to be compliant with the provisions outlined in the regulations. The Company believes it is in compliance with these laws.

Regulatory Matters

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare program and healthcare generally, are complex and subject to interpretation. The Company believes that it is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and is not aware of any pending or threatened investigations involving allegations of potential wrongdoing. While no regulatory inquiries have been made, compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation as well as significant regulatory action including fines, penalties, and exclusion from the Medicare and Medi-Cal programs.

Many of the Company’s payor and provider contracts are complex in nature and may be subject to differing interpretations regarding amounts due for the provision of medical services. Such differing interpretations may not come to light until a substantial period of time has passed following contract implementation. Liabilities for claims disputes are recorded when the loss is probable and can be estimated. Any adjustments to reserves are reflected in current operations. The Company does not have any reserves for regulatory matters as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Liability Insurance

The Company believes that its insurance coverage is appropriate based upon the Company’s claims experience and the nature and risks of the Company’s business. In addition to the known incidents that have resulted in the assertion of claims, the Company cannot be certain that its insurance coverage will be adequate to cover liabilities, arising out of claims asserted against the Company or the Company’s affiliated professional organizations, in the future where the outcomes of such claims are unfavorable.

The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of all pending claims, including liabilities in excess of the Company’s insurance coverage, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows; however, there can be no assurance that future claims will not have such a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. Contracted physicians are required to obtain their own insurance coverage.

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Guarantees

The Company, along with certain of the Company's subsidiaries from time to time party to the Facility Agreement (“Guarantors”), has pledged a first priority perfected lien on substantially all of their respective personal and real property, as collateral security for the payment of outstanding obligations, under the Facility Agreement.

Note 16. Business Combinations

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company merged with DFPH with the intent to raise capital and gain access to the public markets. Additionally, the Company closed on five business combinations and one asset acquisition, consistent with the intent to strategically grow its existing markets and expand into new markets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company closed on three business combinations and one asset acquisition.

DFPH-Legacy TOI Merger

On June 28, 2021, DFPH, Orion Merger Sub I, Inc. ("First Merger Sub"), and Orion Merger Sub II, LLC ("Second Merger Sub") entered into an agreement and plan of merger ("Merger Agreement") with Legacy TOI to affect the Business Combination. In connection with the Business Combination, DFPH entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”), whereby it issued 17.5 million shares of common stock at $10.00 per share and 100,000 shares of preferred stock (collectively, the “PIPE Shares”) for an aggregate investment of $275,000 (“PIPE Investment”), which closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Business Combination.

On the Closing Date, (i) First Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy TOI, with Legacy TOI being the surviving corporation and (ii) immediately following, Legacy TOI merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub being the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of DFPH.

The total merger consideration on the Closing Date was $762,052, consisting of $595,468 in share consideration (consisting of 51.3 million shares of DFPH common stock issued to Legacy TOI at $10.00 per share as well as shares of DFPH common stock issuable in respect of restricted stock units and the exercise of Legacy TOI stock options), and $166,584 in cash. Gross proceeds from the transaction were $333,946. Of that, $167,510 was cash consideration to Legacy TOI equity holders. Legacy TOI also issued 12.5 million shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of an earnout (“Earnout Shares”). The earnout shares are allocable to both Legacy TOI stockholders and Legacy TOI option holders. In connection with the Business Combination, the Company incurred $39,914 of equity issuance costs, consisting of advisory, legal, deferred underwriting, share registration, and other professional fees, of which $6,769 was ascribed to the earnout liability and expensed with the remainder being netted against additional paid-in capital.

On the Closing Date, shares of DFPH common stock that were not otherwise redeemed as part of the DFPH public stockholder vote were automatically converted into shares of TOI common stock on a one-for-one basis. Further, PIPE Shares as well as DFPH common stock that was not otherwise forfeited or subject to earnout automatically converted into TOI common stock on a one-for-one basis. Additionally, holders of DFPH forfeited 555,791 Private Placement Warrants.

All periods prior to the Closing Date reflect the balances and activity of Legacy TOI. The consolidated balances as of December 31, 2020 from the audited consolidated financial statements of Legacy TOI as of that date, share activity (convertible redeemable preferred stock and common stock) and per share amounts in these Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Shares and Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) were retroactively adjusted, where applicable, using the recapitalization exchange ratio of 591:1. All previously issued and outstanding shares of Legacy TOI preferred stock classified as mezzanine equity were converted into Legacy TOI common stock and was retroactively adjusted and reclassified to permanent equity as a result of the reverse recapitalization. As a result of the Business Combination, $142,557 of additional paid-in capital was recognized.

Practice Acquisitions

For the acquisition of various clinical practices, the Company applied the acquisition method of accounting, where the total purchase price was allocated, or preliminarily allocated, to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair values as of the acquisition dates.

During the period ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded out of period adjustments to correct immaterial misstatements related to accounting for business combinations. The Company changed the terms of its business combination agreements executed on or after November 12, 2021 to require future service to earn the deferred consideration that was payable as part of the acquisitions. The Company should have recorded post-combination expense for these deferred payments instead of recording them as contingent consideration in its business combinations. The immaterial out of period adjustments

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resulted in a decrease to goodwill, total assets, other current liabilities, other non-current liabilities and total liabilities of $5,650, $5,650,$1,898, $2,450, and $4,348, respectively, and an increase to selling, general, and administrative expense during the quarter of $1,302.

Raiker Practice Acquisition

On February 12, 2021 ("Raiker Acquisition Date"), the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement and master services agreement ("Raiker MSA") with Anil N Raiker, M.D., P.L.C., d/b/a Pinellas Cancer Center (the "Raiker Practice" or "PCC") and Anil Raiker, M.D., an individual. Pursuant to the asset purchase agreement, the Company purchased from PCC certain non-clinical assets, properties, and rights. Pursuant to the Raiker MSA, TOI Management established an ongoing management services agreement which grants TOI Management the right to control the non-clinical and management operations of the Raiker Practice. Anil Raiker, M.D. continued to own all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Raiker Practice.

Pursuant to the Raiker MSA, and as further described in Note 17, TOI Management became the Raiker Practice's primary beneficiary and thus consolidated the Raiker Practice and its subsidiaries. The consolidation of the Raiker Practice (the "Raiker Practice Acquisition") at the Raiker Acquisition Date constituted a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

The total consideration for the Acquisition was $1,710, comprised of a cash payment of $892 and deferred consideration of $818. The deferred cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the Raiker Acquisition Date (February 12, 2022 and 2023, respectively). On February 12, 2022, the Company transferred the first installment of deferred consideration of $409. Considering the Company's incremental borrowing rate, the present value of the deferred cash consideration is not materially different than its stated value.

Subsequent to the Acquisition, the Company filed an amendment to the articles of incorporation of PCC to legally change the name to The Oncology Institute FL, LLC. The change was solely nominal, and the legal form, tax attributes, and books and records of PCC all remained.

Grant Practice Acquisition

On November 12, 2021 ("Grant Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of Ellsworth Grant, M.D., A Medical Corporation (the “Grant Practice”) from Ellsworth Grant, M.D. (“Dr. Grant”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Grant Practice from Dr. Grant.Intangible assets of $450 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 5 years The Company transferred cash consideration of $849 and contingent consideration of $200 to Dr. Grant for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the Grant Acquisition Date (November 12, 2022 and 2023, respectively), pending Dr. Grant's continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Grant.

The Grant Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Orr Practice Acquisition

On November 12, 2021 ("Orr Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of Leo E. Orr, M.D., Inc. (the “Orr Practice”) from Leo E. Orr, M.D. (“Dr. Orr”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Orr Practice from Dr. Orr. Intangible assets of $150 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 5 years. The Company transferred cash consideration of $816 and contingent consideration of $200 to Dr. Orr for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the Orr Acquisition Date (November 12, 2022 and 2023, respectively), pending Dr. Orr's continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Orr.

The Orr Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Dave Practice Acquisition

On November 19, 2021 ("Dave Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of Sulaba Dave M.D., d.b.a. Radiation Oncology Associates (the “Dave Practice”) from Sulaba Dave M.D. (the “Dr. Dave”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Dave Practice from Dr. Dave. Intangible assets of $77 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 2 years. The Company transferred cash consideration of $2,000 and contingent consideration of $750 to Dr. Dave for the purchase. The contingent cash

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consideration is to be paid in three equal installments on the six, twelfth, and eighteen month anniversaries of the Dave Acquisition Date (May 19, 2022, November 19, 2022, and May 19, 2023, respectively), pending Dr. Dave's continued employment and certain patient metrics being met at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Dave. On May 19, 2022, the Company transferred the first installment of contingent consideration of $250.

The Dave Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Yang Practice Acquisition

On December 9, 2021 ("Yang Acquisition Date"), the Company, acquired certain non-clinical assets of Global Oncology, Inc. (the “Yang Practice”) from Dr. Honghao Yang M.D. (“Dr. Yang”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Practice from Dr. Yang. Intangible assets of $68 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 5 years. The Company transferred cash consideration of $4,615 and contingent consideration of $2,500 to Dr. Yang for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the Yang Acquisition Date (December 9, 2022 and 2023, respectively), pending Dr. Yang's continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Yang.

The Yang Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Perkins Practice Acquisition

On April 30, 2022 ("Perkins Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of California Oncology of the Central Valley Medical Group, Inc., (the “Perkins Practice”) from Christopher Perkins, M.D. (“Dr. Perkins”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Perkins Practice from Dr. Perkins. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company also entered into a Professional Service Agreement with Oncology Associates of Fresno Medical Group, Inc. Intangible assets of $2,550 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of trade names of $2,480 and clinical contracts of $70, with weighted average amortization periods of 10 years and 5 years respectively. The Company transferred cash consideration of $8,920 and contingent consideration of $2,000 to Dr. Perkins for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction closing date (April 29, 2023 and 2024, respectively), pending Dr. Perkins' continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Perkins.

The Perkins Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Parikh Practice Acquisition

On July 22, 2022 ("Parikh Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of Nutan K. Parikh, M.D., LTD., (the “Parikh Practice”) from Nutan K. Parikh, M.D. (“Dr. Parikh”). Further, TOI CA acquired certain clinical assets of the Parikh Practice from Dr. Parikh. Intangible assets of $20 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 3 years. The Company transferred cash consideration of $1,908 and contingent consideration of $400 to Dr. Parikh for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction closing date (July 22, 2023 and 2024, respectively), pending Dr. Parikh's continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Parikh.

The Parikh Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

Barreras Practice Acquisition

On August 30, 2022 ("Barreras Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain non-clinical assets of Broward Oncology Associates, P.A., (the “Barreras Practice”) from Luis Barreras, M.D. (“Dr. Barreras”). Further, TOI FL acquired certain clinical assets of the Barreras Practice from Dr. Barreras. Intangible assets of $3 were recognized pursuant to the acquisition in the form of clinical contracts with a weighted average amortization period of 5 years. The Company transferred cash consideration of $929 and contingent consideration of $250 to Dr. Barreras for the purchase. The contingent cash consideration is to be paid in two equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction closing date (August 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively), pending Dr. Barreras's continued employment at that time. The contingent consideration is accounted for as post-combination compensation expense to Dr. Barreras.

The Barreras Practice Acquisition was determined to constitute a business combination in accordance with ASC 805.

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Summary of Consideration Transferred

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Such assets include synergies we expect to achieve, such as the use of our existing infrastructure to support the added membership, and future economic benefits arising from the assembled workforce. The purchase consideration for the acquisitions has been allocated under the acquisition method of accounting to the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired including a residual amount of tax deductible goodwill as noted in the provisional fair value table below.

Acquisition costs amounted to $166 and $71 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively, and $699 and $268 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 respectively, and were recorded as “General and administrative expenses” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations).

The following table summarizes the provisional fair values assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

	Acquisition
(in thousands)	Raiker		Grant		Orr		Dave		Yang		Perkins		Parikh		Barreras		Total
Consideration:
Cash	$	892	$	849	$	816	$	2,000	$	4,615	$	8,920	$	1,908	$	929	$	20,929
Deferred	818		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		818
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	1,710	$	849	$	816	$	2,000	$	4,615	$	8,920	$	1,908	$	929	$	21,747
Estimated fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	65	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	65
Accounts receivable	398		—		183		—		—		—		—		—		581
Inventory	62		49		16		—		115		408		307		279		1,236
Property and equipment, net	—		—		13		35		19		123		15		23		228
Clinical contracts	—		450		150		77		68		2,550		20		3		3,318
Goodwill	1,454		350		637		1,895		4,413		5,851		1,566		624		16,790
Total assets acquired	1,979		849		999		2,007		4,615		8,932		1,908		929		22,218
Accounts payable	120		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		120
Accrued liabilities	—		—		—		7		—		12		—		—		19
Current portion of long term debt	149		—		183		—		—		—		—		—		332
Total liabilities assumed	269		—		183		7		—		12		—		—		471
Net assets acquired	$	1,710	$	849	$	816	$	2,000	$	4,615	$	8,920	$	1,908	$	929	$	21,747

The establishment of the allocation to goodwill requires the extensive use of accounting estimates and management judgement. The fair values assigned to the assets acquired are based on estimates and assumptions from data that is readily available.

Summary of UnauditedSupplementalProFormaInformation

The revenues, earnings, and pro forma effects of the Raiker Practice Acquisition, which occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, are not, and would not have been, material to the results of operations, individually and in aggregate. The Company recognized $4,501 cumulative revenue and $189 cumulative net income in its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations) for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $6,871 cumulative revenue and $41 cumulative net loss in its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income (Operations) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from the clinical practices acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The pro forma results presented below include the effects of the Acquisitions which occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as if they had occurred on January 1, 2021. The pro forma results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 include the additional amortization resulting from the adjustments to the value of intangible assets resulting from purchase accounting. The pro forma results do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits of the acquisitions. The pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of what the Company's results of

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operations would have been if the acquisitions had in fact occurred at the beginning of the period presented and is not intended to be a projection of the Company's future results of operations. Transaction expenses are included within the pro forma results.

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue	$	66,193	$	59,850	$	194,167	$	173,424
Net income (loss)	$	(2,517)	$	(1,777)	$	13,077	$	2,905

Mendez Asset Acquisition

On May 1, 2021, TOI Management, through PCC, entered into a purchase agreement to acquire certain clinical assets from Oncology Association, P.A. ("OA") from Pedro Mendez, M.D. Management determined the acquisition of OA is an asset acquisition. The Company paid $500, consisting of cash consideration of $200 and deferred cash consideration of $300, in exchange for intangible assets in the form of payor contracts. The entire $500 was assigned to the payor contract intangible asset class with a weighted average amortization period of 10 years. The deferred cash consideration is to be paid in three equal installments on the first, second, and third anniversaries of the Mendez Asset Acquisition Date (May 1, 2022, May 1, 2023, and May 1, 2024, respectively).On May 1, 2022, the Company transferred the first installment of deferred consideration of $100. Considering the Company's incremental borrowing rate, the present value of the deferred cash consideration is not materially different than its stated value.

Sapra Asset Acquisition

On July 1, 2022 ("Sapra Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired certain clinical assets of Ranjan K. Sapra, M.D. (the “Sapra Practice”) from Ranjan K. Sapra, M.D. (“Dr. Sapra”). The Company transferred cash consideration of $1 to Dr. Sapra for the purchase, which was assigned to property and equipment.

Note 17. Variable Interest Entities

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 810, Consolidations (“ASC 810”), which provides for the consolidation of VIEs of which an entity is the primary beneficiary.

Pursuant to the MSAs established with the TOI PCs, TOI Management is entitled to receive a management fee, which represents a variable interest in and the right to receive the benefits of the TOI PCs. Through the terms of the MSAs, TOI Management receives the right to direct the most significant activities of the TOI PCs. Therefore, the TOI PCs are variable interest entities and TOI Management is the primary beneficiary that consolidates the TOI PCs, and their subsidiaries.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TOI and its subsidiaries and VIEs. All inter-company profits, transactions, and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and restricted cash	$	860	$	1,618
Accounts receivable	34,820		20,007
Other receivables	219		935
Inventories, net	10,018		6,438
Prepaid expenses	897		781
Total current assets	46,814		29,779
Property and equipment, net	184		—
Other assets	426		276
Intangible assets, net	3,438		1,181
Goodwill	15,486		11,096
Total assets	$	66,348	$	42,332

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(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,383	$	14,204
Income taxes payable	132		132
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	6,405		5,539
Current portion of long-term debt	—		183
Amounts due to affiliates	122,417		56,312
Total current liabilities	138,337		76,370
Other non-current liabilities	833		3,203
Deferred income taxes liability	58		6
Total liabilities	$	139,228	$	79,579

Single physician holders, who are officers of the Company, retain equity ownership in TOI CA, TOI FL and TOI TX, which represents nominal noncontrolling interests. The noncontrolling interests do not participate in the profit or loss of TOI CA or TOI FL, however.

As such, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, net loss of $(2,674) and $0 were attributable to TOI and to the noncontrolling interest, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net loss of $(2,980) and $0 were attributable to TOI and to the noncontrolling interest, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net income of $11,159 and $0 were attributable to TOI and to the noncontrolling interest, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net loss of $(771) and $0 were attributable to TOI and to the noncontrolling interest, respectively.

Note 18. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill at acquisition-date fair value and other intangible assets at acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policies relating to goodwill and intangible assets.

Intangible Assets

As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s intangible assets, net consists of the following:

(in thousands)	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Intangible assets
Amortizing intangible assets:
Payor contracts	10 years	$	19,400	$	(7,566)	$	11,834
Trade names	10 years	6,650		(1,778)		4,872
Clinical contracts	9 years	3,001		(1,042)		1,959
Total intangible assets		$	29,051	$	(10,386)	$	18,665

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As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s intangible assets, net consists of the following:

(in thousands)	Weighted average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Intangible assets
Amortizing intangible assets:
Payor contracts	10 years	$	19,400	$	(6,152)	$	13,248
Trade names	10 years	4,170		(1,350)		2,820
Clinical contracts	9 years	2,909		(732)		2,177
Total intangible assets		$	26,479	$	(8,234)	$	18,245

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years as of September 30, 2022 is as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
Year ending December 31:
2022	$	732
2023	2,908
2024	2,908
2025	2,905
2026	2,879
Thereafter	6,333
Total	$	18,665

The aggregate amortization expense during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $741 and $625, respectively. The aggregate amortization expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $2,153 and $1,858, respectively.

Goodwill

The Company evaluates goodwill at the reporting unit level, which, for the Company, is at the level of the reportable segments, dispensary, patient services, and clinical trials & other. The goodwill allocated to each of the reporting units as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Patient services	$	25,833	$	21,443
Dispensary	4,551		4,551
Clinical trials & other	632		632
Total goodwill	$	31,016	$	26,626

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Balance as of January 1:
Gross goodwill	$	26,626	$	14,227
Goodwill acquired during the period	10,040		12,399
Goodwill corrected during the period (see Note 16)	(5,650)		—
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—
Goodwill, net as of September 30 and December 31	$	31,016	$	26,626

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Note 19. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's basic net income (loss) per share to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

(in thousands, except share data)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss) attributable to TOI	$	(2,674)	$	(2,980)	$	11,159	$	(771)
Less: Deemed dividend	—		—		64		—
Net income (loss) attributable to TOI available for distribution	(2,674)		(2,980)		11,095		(771)
Net income (loss) attributable to participating securities, basic	(499)		—		2,290		—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic	$	(2,175)	$	(2,980)	$	8,805	$	(771)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	72,184,366		66,021,828		72,807,277		64,977,298
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	$	(0.03)	$	(0.05)	$	0.12	$	(0.01)

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's diluted net loss per share to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

(in thousands, except share data)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss) attributable to TOI	$	(2,674)	$	(2,980)	$	11,159	$	(771)
Less: Deemed dividend	—		—		64		—
Less: Change in fair value of convertible option derivative liabilities(1)	13,970		—		13,970		—
Net income (loss) attributable to TOI available for distribution	(16,644)		(2,980)		(2,875)		(771)
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities, diluted	(2,867)		—		(515)		—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$	(13,777)	$	(2,980)	$	(2,360)	$	(771)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	72,184,366		66,021,828		72,807,277		64,977,298
Dilutive effect of convertible note	7,396,938		—		2,492,741		—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	79,581,304		66,021,828		75,300,018		64,977,298
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$	(0.17)	$	(0.05)	$	(0.03)	$	(0.01)

(1) Inclusive of interest expense and amortization of debt issuance cost and debt discount related to the Senior Secured Convertible Note.

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The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Stock options	7,188,865	9,156,138	7,188,865	9,156,138
RSUs	2,170,047	1,367,463	2,170,047	1,367,463
Earnout Shares	1,437,138	—	1,437,138	—
Public Warrants	5,749,986	—	5,749,986	—
Private Warrants	3,177,542	—	3,177,542	—

Note 20. Segment Information

The Company operates its business and reports its results through three operating and reportable segments: dispensary, patient services, and clinical trials & other in accordance with ASC 280. See Note 2 for a summary of the Company’s policy on segment information.

Summarized financial information for the Company’s segments is shown in the following tables:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue
Patient services	$	44,627	$	32,967	$	118,793	$	92,375
Dispensary	18,839		17,918		57,736		53,318
Clinical trials & other	1,511		1,390		4,530		5,006
Consolidated revenue	64,977		52,275		181,059		150,699
Direct costs
Patient services	36,126		25,391		96,379		72,051
Dispensary	15,738		15,279		47,816		45,639
Clinical trials & other	113		182		400		494
Total segment direct costs	51,977		40,852		144,595		118,184
Depreciation expense
Patient services	316		181		848		447
Dispensary	—		1		—		1
Clinical trials & other	1		83		4		86
Total segment depreciation expense	317		265		852		534
Amortization of intangible assets
Patient services	688		573		1,995		1,701
Dispensary	—		—		—		—
Clinical trials & other	53		53		158		158
Total segment amortization	741		626		2,153		1,859
Operating income
Patient services	7,497		6,822		19,571		18,176
Dispensary	3,101		2,638		9,920		7,678
Clinical trials & other	1,344		1,072		3,968		4,268
Total segment operating income	11,942		10,532		33,459		30,122

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(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Selling, general and administrative expense	31,963		12,730		90,117		35,120
Non-segment depreciation and amortization	76		(41)		214		28
Total consolidated operating loss	$	(20,097)	$	(2,157)	$	(56,872)	$	(5,026)

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Patient services	$	60,364	$	44,223
Dispensary	7,450		4,277
Clinical trials & other	11,135		14,504
Non-segment assets	204,853		140,435
Total assets	$	283,802	$	203,439

Note 21. Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions include payments for consulting services provided to the Company, clinical trials, board fees, and share repurchases. Related party payments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

(in thousands)		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Type	2022		2021		2022		2021
American Institute of Research	Consulting	$	1	$	42	$	83	$	105
Karen M Johnson	Board Fees	25		—		44		—
Richard Barasch	Board Fees	—		—		5		—
Anne M. McGeorge	Board Fees	25		—		44		—
Mohit Kaushal	Board Fees	25		—		44		—
Ravi Sarin	Board Fees	25		—		44		—
Maeve O'Meara Duke	Board Fees	25		—		44		—
Havencrest Capital Management, LLC	Management Fees	—		—		—		75
M33 Growth LLC	Management Fees	—		—		—		230
Richy Agajanian MD	Share Repurchase	—		11		8,764		20
Veeral Desai	Board Fees	—		13		—		38
Total		$	126	$	66	$	9,072	$	468

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of The Oncology Institute, Inc. ("TOI") along with its consolidating subsidiaries (the "Company"). The discussion should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that are included elsewhere in this Report. The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements are based upon current expectations, as well as management's beliefs and assumptions and involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Statements that include the words "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects." "intends," and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed or suggested in the forward-looking statements herein. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those described under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition, as a result of these and other factors, our past financial performance should not be relied on as an indication of future performance. All forward-looking statements in this document are based on information available to us as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or the reasons why our actual results may differ. All dollar values are expressed in thousands, unless otherwise noted.

Overview

The Company is a leading value-based oncology company that manages community-based oncology practices that serve patients at 74 clinic locations across 14 markets and five states throughout the United States, which are staffed with 111 oncologists and advanced practice providers. 60 of these clinics are staffed with 100 providers employed by our affiliated physician-owned professional corporations, which management refers to as the "TOI PCs", which have provided care for more than 51,000 patients in 2021 and managed a population of approximately 1.7 million patients under value-based agreements as of September 30, 2022. The Company also provides management services on behalf of 14 clinic locations owned by independent oncology practices. The Company's mission is to heal and empower cancer patients through compassion, innovation, and state-of-the-art medical care.

Operationally, the Company’s medical centers provide a complete suite of medical oncology services including: physician services, in-house infusion and pharmacy, clinical trials, radiation, educational seminars, support groups, counseling, and 24/7 patient assistance. Many of our services, such as managing clinical trials, palliative care programs and stem cell transplants, are traditionally accessed through academic and tertiary care settings, while the TOI PCs bring these services to patients in a community setting. As scientific research progresses and more treatment options become available, cancer care is shifting from acute care episodes to chronic disease management. With this shift, it is increasingly important for high-quality, high-value cancer care to be available in a local community setting to all patients in need.

As a value-based oncology company, the Company seeks to deliver both better quality care and lower cost of care. The Company works to accomplish this goal by reducing wasteful, inefficient or counterproductive care that drives up costs but does not improve outcomes. The Company believes payors and employers are aligned with the value-based model due to its enhanced access, improved outcomes, and lower costs. Patients under the Company's affiliated providers’ care can benefit from evidence-based and personalized care plans, gain access to sub-specialized care in convenient community locations, and lower out-of-pocket costs. The Company believes its affiliated providers enjoy the stability and predictability of a large multi-state practice, are not incentivized or pressured to overtreat when it may be inconsistent with a patient’s goals of care, and can focus on practicing outstanding evidence-based medicine, rather than business building.

The Business Combination

On June 28, 2021, DFP Healthcare Acquisition Corp. ("DFPH"), Orion Merger Sub I, Inc. ("First Merger Sub") and Orion Merger Sub II, LLC ("Second Merger Sub") entered into an agreement and plan of merger ("Merger Agreement") with TOI Parent, Inc. ("TOI Parent") (collectively, the "Business Combination"). In connection with the Business Combination, DFPH entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”), whereby it issued 17.5 million shares of common stock at $10.00 per share and 100,000 shares of preferred stock at $1,000.00 per share (“PIPE Shares”) for an aggregate investment of $275,000 (“PIPE Investment”), which closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Business Combination.

The Business Combination closed on November 12, 2021 ("Closing Date"). On the Closing Date, (i) First Merger Sub merged with and into TOI Parent, with TOI Parent being the surviving corporation and (ii) immediately following, TOI Parent merged with and into Second Merger Sub ("Legacy TOI"), with Second Merger Sub being the surviving entity and a wholly

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owned subsidiary of DFPH. DFPH was renamed “The Oncology Institute, Inc.” and TOI Common Stock and Public Warrants continued to be listed on Nasdaq under the ticker symbols “TOI” and “TOIIW,” respectively.

The total merger consideration on the Closing Date was $762,052, consisting of 51.3 million shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share (aggregate $595,468, inclusive of shares of DFPH common stock issuable per restricted stock units and the exercise of Legacy TOI stock options), and $166,584 in cash. Legacy TOI also issued 12.5 million shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of an earnout (“Earnout Shares”). The earnout shares are allocable to both Legacy TOI stockholders and Legacy TOI option holders. On the Closing Date, shares of DFPH common stock that were not otherwise redeemed as part of the DFPH public stockholder vote and the PIPE Shares automatically converted into shares of TOI stock on a one-for-one basis.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP"). Under this method of accounting, DFPH was treated as the “acquired” company for accounting purposes and the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy TOI issuing stock for the net assets of DFPH, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DFPH are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of Legacy TOI.

Public Company Costs

Subsequent to the Business Combination, the Company has continued as an SEC-registered and Nasdaq-listed company. The Company has hired, and expects to continue hiring, additional staff, and expects to continue implementing new processes and procedures to address public company requirements. The Company also incurred, and expects to continue incurring, substantial additional expenses for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, and additional internal and external costs for investor relations, accounting, audit, legal and other functions.

Impact of COVID-19

The measures to contain the spread and impact of COVID-19 and other developments related to COVID-19 have affected the way in which the Company conducts its day-to-day business. The Company has followed U.S. guidance to protect its employees and operations during the pandemic and implemented a partially remote environment for certain business activities. The Company cannot predict the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic or the distribution of vaccines on its business or operations, but will continue to actively monitor the related issues and may take further action that alters its business operations, including as may be required by federal, state, local or foreign authorities or that it determines are in the best interests of its employees, payors, partners and stockholders.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal and state governments have passed legislation, promulgated regulations, and taken other administrative actions intended to assist healthcare providers in providing care to COVID-19 and other patients during the public health emergency. Sources of relief include the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (the “PPPHCE Act”), which was enacted on April 24, 2020, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”), which was enacted on December 27, 2020. In addition, the CARES Act provides for an expansion of the Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payment Program whereby inpatient acute care hospitals and other eligible providers were able to request accelerated payment of up to 100% of their Medicare payment amount for a six-month period to be repaid through withholding of future Medicare fee-for-service payments. Various other state and local programs also exist to provide relief, either independently or through distribution of monies received via the CARES Act. During 2021 and 2020, the Company obtained loans of $4,993 pursuant to the CARES Act; $2,727 under the Accelerated and Advance Payment Program; and $2,001 from Provider Relief Funding under the CARES Act. Additionally, the Company obtained loans of $332 under the CARES Act as a result of acquisitions of physician practices. As of September 30, 2022, all loans obtained by the Company have been forgiven.

Key Factors Affecting Performance

Through the TOI PCs, the Company serves adult and senior cancer patients in markets that have Medicare Advantage (“MA”) plans. The Company plans to leverage its long-established, strong relationships with payors to continue to build out its network and increase access to cancer patients in adjacent markets, while at the same time, decreasing oncology care costs for both patients and payors. The Company seeks to provide high quality and lower cost care delivery through the following capabilities:

•a recruiting process focused on selecting physicians that want to practice evidence-based medicine;

•technology-enabled care pathways ensuring adherence to evidence-based clinical protocols;

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•strong clinical culture and physician oversight;

•care management to prevent unnecessary hospitalizations;

•care delivered in community clinics versus hospital setting;

•clinically appropriate integration of palliative care and hospice aligned with patients’ goals for care;

•access to clinical trials providing cutting-edge treatment options at low or no cost to patients or payors; and

•appropriate provider training on clinical documentation to ensure proper risk adjustment and reimbursement for complex patients.

Key Business Metrics

In addition to our financial information, the Company's management reviews a number of operating and financial metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Clinics (1)	74		62		74		62
Markets	14		10		14		10
Lives under value-based contracts (millions)	1.7		1.6		1.7		1.6
Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands) (2)	$	(6,680)	$	110	$	(18,731)	$	522

(1)     Includes independent oncology practices to which we provide limited management services, but do not bear the operating costs.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA is a "non-GAAP" financial measure with the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding:

•Depreciation and amortization,

•Interest expense, net,

•Income tax expense,

•Board and management fees,

•Non-cash addbacks,

•Changes in fair value of liabilities,

•Unrealized gains (losses) on investments

•Stock-based compensation,

•Practice acquisition-related costs,

•Practice acquisition deferred purchase price,

•Consulting and legal fees,

•Public company transaction costs, and

•Other specific charges.

The Company includes adjusted EBITDA because it is an important measure upon which our management uses to assess the results of operations, to evaluate factors and trends affecting the business, and to plan and forecast future periods.

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Management believes that this measure provides an additional way of viewing aspects of the Company's operations that, when viewed with the GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations and the factors and trends affecting the business. However, non-GAAP financial measures should be considered a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the corresponding measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures used by management may differ from the non-GAAP measures used by other companies, including the Company's competitors. Management encourages investors and others to review the Company's financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure.

The following tables provide a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most closely comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		$		%
Net income (loss)	$	(2,674)	$	(2,980)	$	306	(10.3)	%
Depreciation and amortization	1,134		850		284		33.4	%
Interest expense, net	1,497		78		1,419		1,819.2	%
Income tax expense	(24)		799		(823)		(103.0)	%
Board and management fees	64		106		(42)		(39.6)	%
Non-cash addbacks(1)	299		99		200		202.0	%
Share-based compensation	6,546		59		6,487		10,994.9	%
Change in fair value of liabilities	(18,932)		—		(18,932)		N/A
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	33		—		33		N/A
Practice acquisition-related costs(2)	166		71		95		133.8	%
Practice acquisition deferred purchase price(3)	2,088		—		2,088		N/A
Consulting and legal fees(4)	883		221		662		299.5	%
Other, net(5)	1,239		807		432		53.5	%
Transaction costs(6)	1,001		—		1,001		N/A
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(6,680)	$	110	$	(6,790)	(6,172.7)	%

(1)    During the three months ended September 30, 2022, non-cash addbacks were primarily comprised of net bad debt write-offs of $143 and non-cash rent of $148. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, non-cash addbacks were primarily comprised of net bad debt write-offs of $54 and non-cash rent of $45.

(2)    Practice acquisition-related costs were comprised of consulting and legal fees incurred to perform due diligence, execute, and integrate acquisitions of various oncology practices.

(3)    Deferred consideration payments for practice acquisitions that are contingent upon the seller’s future employment at the Company.

(4)    Consulting and legal fees were comprised of a subset of the Company’s total consulting and legal fees during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and related to certain advisory projects, software implementations, and legal fees for debt financing and predecessor litigation matters.

(5)    Other, net is comprised of severance expenses resulting from cost rationalization programs of $117 and $124, as well as temporary labor of $291 and $331, recruiting expenses to build out corporate infrastructure of $798 and $352 and other miscellaneous charges of $33 and $0 during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(6)    Transaction costs incurred related to the issuance of the Senior Secured Convertible Note such as legal, audit, administrative, and registration fees.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		$		%
Net income (loss)	$	11,159	$	(771)	$	11,930	(1,547.3)	%
Depreciation and amortization	3,219		2,421		798		33.0	%
Interest expense, net	1,632		260		1,372		527.7	%
Income tax expense	124		1,797		(1,673)		(93.1)	%
Board and management fees	171		314		(143)		(45.5)	%
Non-cash addbacks(1)	604		(5,642)		6,246		(110.7)	%
Share-based compensation	21,613		152		21,461		14,119.1	%
Change in fair value of liabilities	(69,776)		—		(69,776)		N/A
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	33		—		33		N/A
Practice acquisition-related costs(2)	699		268		431		160.8	%
Practice acquisition deferred purchase price(3)	2,088		—		2,088		N/A
Consulting and legal fees(4)	2,682		1,151		1,531		133.0	%
Other, net(5)	3,826		572		3,254		568.9	%
Transaction costs(6)	3,195		—		3,195		N/A
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(18,731)	$	522	$	(19,253)	(3,688.3)	%

(1)    During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, non-cash addbacks were primarily comprised of net bad debt write-offs of $402, non-cash rent of $180 and other miscellaneous charges of $22. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, non-cash addbacks were primarily comprised of gain on debt extinguishment of $5,186 and net bad debt recoveries of $667.

(2)    Practice acquisition-related costs were comprised of consulting and legal fees incurred to perform due diligence, execute, and integrate acquisitions of various oncology practices.

(3)    Deferred consideration payments for practice acquisitions that are contingent upon the seller’s future employment at the Company.

(4)    Consulting and legal fees were comprised of a subset of the Company’s total consulting and legal fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and related to certain advisory projects, software implementations, and legal fees for debt financing and predecessor litigation matters.

(5)    Other, net is comprised of severance expenses resulting from cost rationalization programs of $203 and $124, as well as temporary labor of $1,105 and $847, recruiting expenses to build out corporate infrastructure of $2,429 and $624, and other miscellaneous expense of $89 and $0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 such expenses were partially offset by $0 and $1,023, respectively, of stimulus funds received under the CARES Act.

(6)    Transaction costs incurred related to the Business Combination and the issuance of the Senior Secured Convertible Note such as legal, audit, administrative, and registration fees.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

The Company receives payments from the following sources for services rendered: (i) commercial insurers; (ii) pharmacy benefit managers (“PBMs”), (iii) the federal government under the Medicare program administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”); (iv) state governments under Medicaid and other programs; (v) other third-party payors and managed care organizations (e.g., risk bearing organizations and independent practice associations (“IPAs”)); and (vi) individual patients and clients.

Revenue primarily consists of capitation revenue, fee-for-service (“FFS”) revenue, dispensary revenue, and clinical trials revenue. Capitation and FFS revenue comprise the revenues within the Company’s patient services segment and are presented together in the results of operations. The following paragraphs provide a summary of the principal forms of our billing arrangements and how revenue is recognized for each type of revenue.

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Capitation

Capitation revenues consist primarily of fees for medical services provided by the TOI PCs to the Company's patients under a capitated arrangement with various managed care organizations. Capitation revenue is paid monthly based on the number of enrollees by the contracted managed care organization (per member per month or “PMPM”). Capitation contracts generally have a legal term of one year or longer. Payments in capitation contracts are variable since they primarily include PMPM fees associated with unspecified membership that fluctuates throughout the term of the contract; however, based on our experience, our total underlying membership generally increases over time as penetration of MA products grows. Certain contracts include terms for a capitation deduction where the cost of out-of-network referrals of members are deducted from the future payment. Revenue is recognized in the month services are rendered on the basis of the transaction price established at that time.

Fee-for-service revenue

FFS revenue represents revenue earned under contracts in which we bill and collect for medical services rendered by the TOI PCs’ employed physicians. The terms for FFS contracts are short in duration and only last for the period over which services are rendered (typically, one day). FFS revenue consists of fees for medical services provided to patients. As specialist providers, our FFS revenue is dependent on referrals from other physicians, such as primary care physicians. The Company's affiliated providers build trusted, professional relationships with these physicians and their associated medical groups, which can lead to recurring FFS volume; however, this volume is subject to numerous factors the Company cannot control and can fluctuate over time. The Company also receives FFS revenue for capitated patients that receive medical services which are excluded from the Company's capitation contracts. Under the FFS arrangements, third-party payors and patients are billed for patient care services provided by the TOI PCs. Payments for services provided are generally less than billed charges. The Company records revenue net of an allowance for contractual adjustments, which represents the net revenue expected to be collected from third-party payors (including managed care, commercial, and governmental payors such as Medicare and Medicaid), and patients. These expected collections are based on fees and negotiated payment rates in the case of third-party payors, the specific benefits provided for under each patient’s healthcare plan, mandated payment rates in the case of Medicare and Medicaid programs, and historical cash collections (net of recoveries). The recognition of net revenue (gross charges less contractual allowances) from such services is dependent on certain factors, such as the proper completion of medical charts following a patient visit, the forwarding of such charts to our billing center for medical coding and entering into the Company's billing system, and the verification of each patient’s submission or representation at the time services are rendered as to the payor(s) responsible for payment of such services. Revenue is recorded on the date the services are rendered based on the information known at the time of entering of such information into the Company's billing systems as well as an estimate of the revenue associated with medical services.

Dispensary

Oral prescription drugs prescribed by doctors to their patients are sold directly through the TOI PCs’ dispensaries. Revenue for the prescriptions is based on fee schedules set by various PBMs and other third-party payors. The fee schedule is often subject to direct and indirect remuneration (“DIR”) fees, which are based primarily on pre-established metrics. DIR fees may be assessed in the periods after payments are received against future payments. The Company recognizes revenue, deducted by estimated DIR fees, at the time the patient takes possession of the oral drug.

Clinical trials revenue

The TOI PCs also enter into contracts to perform clinical research trials. The terms for clinical trial contracts last many months as the clinical research is performed. Each contract represents a single, integrated set of research activities that are satisfied over time as the output of results from the trial is captured for the trial sponsor to review. Under the clinical trial contracts, the TOI PCs receive a fixed payment for administrative, set-up, and close-down fees; a fixed amount for each patient site visit; and certain expense reimbursements. The Company recognizes revenue for these arrangements on the fees earned to date based on the state of the trial, as established under contract with the customer.

Operating Expenses

Direct costs - patient services

Direct costs - patient services primarily includes chemotherapy drug costs, clinician salaries and benefits, and medical supplies. Clinicians include oncologists, advanced practice providers such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners, and registered nurses employed by the TOI PCs.

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Direct costs - dispensary

Direct costs - dispensary primarily includes the cost of oral medications dispensed in the TOI PCs’ clinic locations.

Direct costs - clinical trials & other

Direct costs - clinical trials & other primarily includes costs related to clinical trial contracts and medical supplies.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses include employee-related expenses, including both clinic and field support staff as well as central administrative and corporate staff. These expenses include salaries and related costs and stock-based compensation for our executives and physicians. The Company's selling, general and administrative expenses also includes occupancy costs, technology infrastructure, operations, clinical and quality support, finance, legal, human resources, and business development. Following the consummation of the Business Combination, general and administrative expenses have increased, and the Company expects continued increases over time, due to the additional legal, accounting, insurance, investor relations and other costs that the Company incurs as a public company, as well as other costs associated with continuing to grow the business. While the Company expects its selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future. such expenses are on average expected to decrease as a percentage of revenue over the long term.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated. The Company’s management is not aware of material events or uncertainties that would cause the financial information below to not be indicative of future operating results or results of future financial condition.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue
Patient services	68.7	%	63.1	%	65.6	%	61.3	%
Dispensary	29.0	%	34.3	%	31.9	%	35.4	%
Clinical trials & other	2.3	%	2.6	%	2.5	%	3.3	%
Total operating revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses
Direct costs – patient services	55.6	%	48.6	%	53.2	%	47.8	%
Direct costs – dispensary	24.2	%	29.2	%	26.4	%	30.3	%
Direct costs – clinical trials & other	0.2	%	0.3	%	0.2	%	0.3	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	49.2	%	24.4	%	49.7	%	23.3	%
Depreciation and amortization	1.7	%	1.6	%	1.8	%	1.6	%
Total operating expenses	130.9	%	104.1	%	131.3	%	103.3	%
Loss from operations	(30.9)	%	(4.1)	%	(31.3)	%	(3.3)	%
Other non-operating expense (income)
Interest expense, net	2.3	%	0.2	%	0.9	%	0.2	%
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities	0.2	%	—	%	(0.2)	%	—	%
Change in fair value of earnout liabilities	(5.5)	%	—	%	(29.7)	%	—	%
Change in fair value of conversion option derivative liabilities	(23.9)	%	—	%	(8.6)	%	—	%
Gain on debt extinguishment	—	%	—	%	(0.1)	%	(3.4)	%
Other, net	0.1	%	(0.1)	%	0.1	%	(0.8)	%
Total other non-operating (income) loss	(26.8)	%	0.1	%	(37.6)	%	(4.0)	%
Income (loss) before provision for income (loss) taxes	(4.1)	%	(4.2)	%	6.3	%	0.7	%
Income tax (expense) benefit	—	%	(1.5)	%	(0.1)	%	(1.2)	%
Net income (loss)	(4.1)	%	(5.7)	%	6.2	%	(0.5)	%

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Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		$		%		2022		2021		$		%
Patient services	$	44,627	$	32,967	$	11,660	35.4	%	$	118,793	$	92,375	$	26,418	28.6	%
Dispensary	18,839		17,918		921		5.1	%	57,736		53,318		4,418		8.3	%
Clinical trials & other	1,511		1,390		121		8.7	%	4,530		5,006		(476)		(9.5)	%
Total operating revenue	$	64,977	$	52,275	$	12,702	24.3	%	$	181,059	$	150,699	$	30,360	20.1	%

Patient services

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in patient services revenue was primarily due to a 31.2% increase in FFS revenue as a result of practice acquisitions and an overall increase in clinic count as well as a 6.0% increase in capitation revenue due to new capitation contracts entered into during 2022 and in the latter half of 2021.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in patient services revenue was primarily due to a 22.9% increase in FFS revenue as a result of practice acquisitions and an overall increase in clinic count as well as a 5.6% increase in capitation revenue due to new capitation contracts entered into during 2022 and in the latter half of 2021.

Dispensary

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in dispensary revenue was primarily due to a 0.3% increase in the average revenue per fill in addition to a 4.8% increase in the number of fills.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in dispensary revenue was primarily due to a 10.2% increase in the average revenue per fill offset by a 1.7% decline in the number of fills due to the new Medi-Cal reimbursement policy that was implemented in 2022 that transitioned claims processing from medical claims to pharmacy claims.

Clinical trials & other

The decrease in clinical trials and other revenue was primarily due to a decrease in visits and lower reimbursement revenue compared to prior year for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended September 30,			Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,			Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022	2021		$		%		2022	2021		$		%
Direct costs – patient services	$36,126	$	25,391	$	10,735	42.3	%	$96,379	$	72,051	$	24,328	33.8	%
Direct costs – dispensary	15,738	15,279		459		3.0	%	47,816	45,639		2,177		4.8	%
Direct costs – clinical trials & other	113	182		(69)		(37.9)	%	400	494		(94)		(19.0)	%
Selling, general and administrative expense	31,963	12,730		19,233		151.1	%	90,117	35,120		54,997		156.6	%
Depreciation and amortization	1,134	850		284		33.4	%	3,219	2,421		798		33.0	%
Total operating expenses	$85,074	$	54,432	$	30,642	56.3	%	$237,931	$	155,725	$	82,206	52.8	%

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Patient services cost

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in patient services cost was primarily due to a 29.1% increase in intravenous drug costs, driven by the Company's patient mix and volume, as well as 11.2% increase in clinical payroll costs due to the growth in clinic count.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in patient services cost was primarily due to a 18.9% increase in intravenous drug costs, driven by the Company's patient mix and volume, as well as 13.1% increase in clinical payroll costs due to the growth in clinic count.

Dispensary cost

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in dispensary cost was primarily due to a 4.8% increase in the number of prescriptions filled, offset by a 1.7% decrease in the average cost of the prescriptions filled.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in dispensary cost was primarily due to a 6.6% increase in the average cost of the prescriptions filled offset by a 1.7% decline in the number of prescriptions filled.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in selling, general and administrative expense was primarily driven by an increase in share-based compensation expense of 51.0%, an increase of 16.4% in contingent consideration related to acquisitions as a result of the out of period adjustment to reflect the reclassification of the deferred consideration to contingent consideration and an increase of 7.9% in transaction costs related to the Senior Secured Convertible Note. In addition, salaries and benefits increased 29.8% due to the growth in the Company's management and corporate team. The remainder of the increases were primarily to support the continued growth of our business.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in selling, general and administrative expense was primarily driven by an increase in share-based compensation expense of 61.1%, and increase of 5.9% in post combination compensation expense related to contingent consideration from acquisitions, inclusive of the out of period adjustment and an increase of 9.1% in transaction costs related to the Business Combination and the Senior Secured Convertible Note. In addition, salaries and benefits increased 30.4% due to the growth in the Company's management and corporate team. The remainder of the increases were primarily to support the continued growth of our business.

Other Expenses (Income)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		$		%		2022		2021		$		%
Interest expense, net	$	1,497	$	78	$	1,419	1,819.2	%	$	1,632	$	260	$	1,372	527.7	%
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities	159		—		159		N/A		(445)		—		(445)		N/A
Change in fair value of earnout liabilities	(3,581)		—		(3,581)		N/A		(53,821)		—		(53,821)		N/A
Change in fair value of conversion option derivative liabilities	(15,510)		—		(15,510)		N/A		(15,510)		—		(15,510)		N/A
Gain on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		N/A		(183)		(5,186)		5,003		(96.5)	%
Other, net	36		(54)		90		(166.7)	%	172		(1,126)		1,298		(115.3)	%
Total other non-operating (income) expense	$	(17,399)	$	24	$	(17,423)	(72,595.8)	%	$	(68,155)	$	(6,052)	$	(62,103)	1,026.2	%

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Interest expense

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in interest expense was the result of interest and amortization related to the Senior Secured Convertible Note during the third quarter of 2022.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in interest expense was the result of interest and amortization related to the Senior Secured Convertible Note during the third quarter of 2022.

Change in fair value of liabilities

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in non-operating (income) expense was primarily due to gains of $3,581 and $15,510, respectively, as a result of decreases in the fair value of earnout liabilities and conversion option derivative liabilities, which were created as part of the Business Combination and the issuance of the Senior Secured Convertible Note, respectively.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The increase in non-operating (income) expense was primarily due to gains of $53,821 and $15,510, respectively, as a result of decreases in the fair value of earnout liabilities and conversion option derivative liabilities, which were created as part of the Business Combination and the issuance of the Senior Secured Convertible Note, respectively.

Gain on debt extinguishment

There was no gain on debt extinguishment during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, gain on debt extinguishment of $183 was a result of forgiveness of a CARES Act loan that was acquired as part of a physician practice acquisition. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, gain on debt extinguishment of $5,186 was a result of forgiveness of a CARES Act loan and a physician practice acquisition.

Other, net

The change in other, net was primarily due to Provider Relief Funding received under the CARES Act during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that did not occur in 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

To date, the Company has financed its operations principally through debt facilities, issuances of equity securities and payments received from various payors. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had $61,425 of cash and cash equivalents, of which $0 is restricted cash.

The Company expects to incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future due to the investments management intends to continue to make in expanding operations and sales and marketing and due to additional general and administrative expenses management expects to incur in connection with operating as a public company. As a result, the Company may require additional capital resources to execute strategic initiatives to grow the business.

Management believes that the cash on hand and cash from the Business Combination and the Senior Secured Convertible Note will be sufficient to fund the Company's operating and capital needs for at least the next 12 months. Management's assessment of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement and involves risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could vary because of, and its future capital requirements will depend on, many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to open or acquire new clinics and expand into new markets and the expansion of sales and marketing activities. The Company may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services and technologies, including

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intellectual property rights. The Company has based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and the Company could use its available capital resources sooner than management currently expects. The Company may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to management or at all. If unable to raise additional capital when desired, or if the Company cannot expand operations or otherwise capitalize on business opportunities because the Company's lack of sufficient capital, the Company's business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Cash Flows

The following table presents a summary of the Company's consolidated cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods indicated.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		$		%
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	$	(47,759)	$	(9,345)	$	(38,414)	411	%
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(99,043)		(3,003)		(96,040)		3,198	%
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by financing activities	93,053		17,882		75,171		420	%
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(53,749)	$	5,534	$	(59,283)	(1,071)	%
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	115,174		5,998		109,176		1,820	%
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	61,425	$	11,532	$	49,893	433	%

Operating Activities

Significant changes impacting net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

•Net income increased $11,930, offset by a decrease in the fair value of liability classified earnouts of $53,821 and a decrease in the fair value of liability classified conversion option derivatives of $15,510 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021;

•Cash used by accounts receivable increased $11,020 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the growth in the Company's business;

•Cash used by accounts payable, accrued expenses and income taxes payable increased $13,952 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to an increase in vendor payables due to the growth in the Company's business; and

•Cash used by inventory increased $1,244 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the growth in the Company's business.

•Cash provided by prepaid and other current assets increased $12,607 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to the amortization of the D&O policy during 2022 and costs incurred in association with the SPAC transaction during 2021 that were deferred until the transaction closed.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased $96,040 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to purchases of marketable securities of $87,402 that did not occur in the prior period, an increase in cash used for purchases of practice acquisitions and intangibles of $7,080, as well as an increase in cash used for purchases of property and equipment of $1,558 for new clinic builds and clinic remodels.

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Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased $75,171 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to $110,000 of proceeds from the Senior Secured Convertible Note, offset by $3,663 of deferred debt issuance costs and a $9,000 repurchase of common stock and common stock options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities primarily relates to the issuance of $20,000 of Legacy Preferred Stock.

Material Cash Requirements

The Company's material cash requirements for the following five years consist of operating leases and other miscellaneous administrative expenses. Additionally, the Company is subject to certain outside claims and litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business, however, no such litigation requires future cash expenditure as of September 30, 2022.

	Material Cash Requirements Due by the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2022		2023-2024		2025-2026		Thereafter		Total
Operating leases	$	1,511	$	12,389	$	9,877	$	7,618	$	31,395
Deferred acquisition and contingent consideration	1,700		4,959		—		—		6,659
Other1	1,329		3,209		81		29		4,648
Total material cash requirements	$	4,540	$	20,557	$	9,958	$	7,647	$	42,702

(1)    Other is comprised of finance leases and directors and officers insurance premiums.

JOBS Act

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and has elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"), which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Leases

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, with various amendments issued in 2018 and 2019 (collectively, “ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective approach, for leases that existed on January 1, 2022. ASC 842 requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases. The Company evaluates whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to the customer the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Upon lease commencement, the date on which a lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company for use, the Company classifies the lease as either an operating or finance lease. The Company applied certain practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, including the package of practical expedients, which permits the Company not to reassess its prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs capitalization. The Company solely acts as a lessee and its leases primarily consist of

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operating leases for its real estate in the states in which the Company operates. The Company has other operating or financing leases for various clinical and non-clinical equipment.

Generally, upon the commencement of a lease, the Company will record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability. An ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the remaining, fixed lease payments at lease commencement. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the later of adoption, inception, or modification in determining the present value of lease payments. ROU assets are measured at an amount equal to the initial lease liability, plus any prepaid lease payments (less any incentives received) and initial direct costs, at the lease commencement date. The Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. As a result, the fixed payments that would otherwise be allocable to the non-lease components are account for as lease payments and included in the measurement of the Company’s right-of-use asset and lease liability.

Lease arrangements with an initial term of 12 months or less are considered short-term leases and are not recorded on the balance sheet. The short-term lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term includes any period covered by renewal options available that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise and any options to terminate the lease that the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company consolidates entities for which it has a variable interest and is determined to be the primary beneficiary. The Company holds variable interests in the TOI PCs, comprised of TOI CA, TOI FL, and TOI TX all of which the Company cannot legally own due to jurisdictional laws governing the corporate practice of medicine. The TOI PCs employ physicians and other clinicians in order to provide professional services to patients of our managed clinics, and under substantially similar MSAs, we serve as the exclusive manager and administrator of the TOI PCs’ non-medical functions and services. The TOI PCs are considered variable interest entities (“VIEs”) as they do not have sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from the Company. An enterprise having a controlling financial interest in a VIE must consolidate the VIE if it has both power and benefits — that is, it has (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts the VIE’s economic performance (power), and (2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE (benefits). The Company has the power to control all financial activities of the TOI PCs, the rights to receive substantially all benefits from the VIEs, and consequently consolidates the TOI PCs. Revenues, expenses, and income from the TOI PCs are included in the consolidated amounts as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations).

Segment Reporting

The Company presents the financial statements by segment in accordance with the relevant accounting literature to provide investors with transparency into how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages the business. The Company's CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information and allocates resources across three operating segments: dispensary, patient care, and clinical trials & other.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes consolidated revenue based upon the principle of the transfer of control of our goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled. This principle is achieved through applying the following five-step approach:

1.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer.

2.Identification of the performance obligations in the contract.

3.Determination of the transaction price.

4.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

5.Recognition of revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Consolidated revenue primarily consists of capitation revenue, fee-for-service (FFS) revenue, dispensary revenue, and clinical trials revenue. Revenue is recognized in the period in which services are rendered or the period in which the TOI PCs are obligated to provide services. The form of billing and related risk of collection for such services may vary by type of

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revenue and the payor. The following paragraphs provide a summary of the principal forms of billing arrangements and how revenue is recognized for each.

Capitation

Capitation contracts have a single performance obligation that is a stand ready obligation to perform specified healthcare services to the population of enrolled members and constitutes a series for the provision of managed healthcare services for the term of the contract, which is deemed to be one month since the mix of patient-customers can and do change month over month. The transaction price for capitation contracts is variable as it primarily includes PMPM fees associated with unspecified membership that fluctuates throughout the term of the contract. Further, we adjust the transaction price for capitation deductions based on historical experience. Revenue is recognized in the month services are rendered on the basis of the transaction price established at that time. If subsequent information resolves uncertainties related to the transaction price, adjustments will be recognized in the period they are resolved. When payment has been received but services have not yet been rendered, the payment is recognized as a contract liability.

Fee For Service

FFS revenue consists of fees for medical services actually provided to patients. These medical services are distinct since the patient can benefit from the medical services on their own. Each service constitutes a single performance obligation for which the patient accepts and receives the benefit of the medical services as they are performed.

The transaction price from FFS arrangements is variable in nature because fees are based on patient encounters, credits due to patients, and reimbursement of provider costs, all of which can vary from period to period. The Company estimates the transaction price using the most likely methodology and amounts are only included in the net transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur once any uncertainty is resolved. As a practical expedient, the Company adopted a portfolio approach to determine the transaction price for the medical services provided under FFS arrangements. Under this approach, the Company bifurcated the types of services provided and grouped health plans with similar fees and negotiated payment rates.

At these levels, portfolios share the characteristics conducive to ensuring that the results do not materially differ from the standard applied to individual patient contracts related to each medical service provided.

Revenue is recorded on the date the services are rendered based on the information known at the time of entering of such information into our billing systems as well as an estimate of the revenue associated with medical services. When the performance obligation is not satisfied, the billing is recognized as a contract liability.

Dispensary

Dispensed prescriptions that are filled and delivered to the patient are considered a distinct performance obligation. The transaction price for the prescriptions is based on fee schedules set by PBMs and other third-party payors. The fee schedule is often subject to DIR fees, which are based primarily on pre-established metrics. DIR fees may be assessed in periods after payments are received against future payments. The Company estimates DIR fees to arrive at the transaction price for prescriptions. Revenue is recognized based on the transaction at the time the patient takes possession of the oral drug.

Clinical Research

Clinical research contracts represent a single, integrated set of research activities and thus are a single performance obligation. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the output is captured in data and documentation that is available for the customer to consume over the course of arrangement and furthers progress of the clinical trial. The Company has elected to recognize revenue for clinical trials using the ‘as-invoiced’ practical expedient. The customer is invoiced periodically based on the progress of the trial such that each invoice captures the revenue earned to date based on the state of the trial as established under contract with the customer.

Direct Costs of Sales

Direct cost of sales primarily consists of wages paid to clinical personnel and other health professionals, oral and IV drug costs, and other medical supplies used to provide patient care. Costs for clinical personnel wages are expensed as incurred and costs for inventory and medical supplies are expensed when used, generally by applying the specific identification method.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is not amortized but is required to be evaluated for impairment at the same time every year. The Company performs annual testing of impairment for goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year. When impairment indicators are identified, the Company compares the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying amount, including goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized as the difference, if any, between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value to the extent the difference does not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Finite-lived intangible assets are stated at acquisition-date fair value. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. Finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When circumstances indicate that recoverability may be impaired, the Company assesses its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset group from the expected future pre-tax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. Fair value is determined based on appropriate valuation techniques.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of exposure due to potential changes in inflation or interest rates. We do not hold financial instruments for trading purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

We held cash and cash equivalents of $61,425 as of September 30, 2022, consisting of bank deposits. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. The goals of our investment policy are liquidity and capital preservation. We believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of these assets as a results of changes in interest rates due to the short-term nature of our cash and cash equivalents.

Inflation Risk

Recently, inflation has increased throughout the U.S. economy. Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing the costs of drugs, clinical trials and research, administration and other costs of doing business. We may experience increases in the prices of labor and other costs of doing business. In an inflationary environment, cost increases may outpace our expectations, causing us to use our cash and other liquid assets faster than forecasted. If this happens, we may need to raise additional capital to fund our operations, which may not be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms, if at all, sooner than expected.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information relating to our Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, that required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reports, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2022. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, a material weakness increases the risk that the financial information we report contains material errors. If we fail to remediate these material weaknesses, determine that our internal controls over financial reporting are not effective, discover areas that need improvement in the future or discover additional material weaknesses, these shortcomings could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results, and the price of our common stock could be negatively affected.

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As of September 30, 2022, we have identified deficiencies in our control environment. These deficiencies include material weaknesses related to: (i) segregation of duties in the financial closing and reporting process; (ii) internal controls over review of complex accounting transactions and (iii) internal control over reviews of revenue process.

During 2022, our management continued to execute against the remediation plan under the oversight of the Audit Committee. This involves hiring and training additional qualified personnel, performing detailed risk assessments in key process areas to identify risks of material misstatement, further document and implement control procedures to address the identified risks of material misstatements, and implement monitoring activities over such control procedures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the progress that has been made toward remediating the material weaknesses noted above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable and uncertain, we are not currently a party to any legal proceedings the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, are believed to, either individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. Regardless of the outcome, litigation has the potential to have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors 

Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. These risk factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC, including as set forth below.

The Facility Agreement and the associated restrictive covenants thereunder could adversely affect our financial condition and will restrict our ability to raise capital.

The Facility Agreement contains various covenants, including a requirement to retain $40,000,000 in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, and maintain a minimum revenue of $50,000,000, $75,000,000, and $100,000,000 for each fiscal quarter ending during the fiscal year 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. In addition, the Facility Agreement restricts our and the guarantors’ ability to, among other things, (i) merge, consolidate, dissolve or liquidate into or convey, transfer, lease or dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (other than into another Loan Party or if the Company determines in good faith in the best interest of a subsidiary and not materially disadvantageous), (ii) create or incur any lien on our assets beyond those outstanding on the date of the Facility Agreement and certain other permitted liens, (iii) dispose of any assets or property or issue, transfer, or provide a controlling, management, or other interest in certain securities of the Company or its guarantors, (iv) incur any indebtedness not to exceed $1,000,000 or as otherwise permitted, (v) make any investments other than as otherwise permitted, (vi) amend our organizational documents or any material agreements in a manner that would reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to the rights of the lenders or (vii) change our reporting practices or fiscal year, in each case, subject to exceptions set forth in the Facility Agreement. Furthermore, under the Facility Agreement, we are required to, among other things, (i) remain a reporting company and maintain the listing of our common shares on an eligible market, (ii) provide the lenders with information regarding any event of default or the occurrence of any material adverse event and (iii) publicly disclose material, nonpublic information that is provided to the lenders without their prior written consent. Subject to customary exceptions and exclusions, our obligations under the Facility Agreement are guaranteed by a perfected, first-priority security interest in substantially all of our personal property, including our intellectual property and the equity ownership interests directly and indirectly held by us in our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Compliance with such covenants and our indebtedness will result in the following, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations:

•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of cash and cash equivalents to the payment of interest on, and principal of, the indebtedness, which will reduce the amounts available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts and other general corporate purposes;

•oblige us to comply with negative covenants restricting our activities, including limitations on dispositions, mergers or acquisitions, encumbering our intellectual property, incurring indebtedness or liens, paying dividends, making investments and engaging in certain other business transactions;

•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry;

•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who have less debt or competitors with comparable debt at more favorable interest rates; and

•limit our ability to borrow additional amounts for working capital, capital expenditures, research and development efforts, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy and other purposes and otherwise restrict our financing options.

Furthermore, because the interests of the lenders may potentially differ from ours and from those of our stockholders, we may be unable to engage in transactions or other activities that may be beneficial to our stockholders. The covenants under the Facility Agreement could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Upon the occurrence of a Major Transaction, as defined under the Senior Secured Convertible Note, the holders of the convertible notes may elect to require us to redeem all or any portion of the notes for an amount equal to the principal amount thereof (in addition to accrued and unpaid interest, a make-whole amount and an exit fee, as applicable). There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient capital to redeem such notes upon the occurrence of a Major Transaction, under the Senior Secured Convertible Note.

Servicing our indebtedness requires a significant amount of cash. Our ability to repay the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our indebtedness. If we are unable to generate cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as restructuring debt or obtaining additional financing on terms that may be unfavorable to us or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at the time we seek to refinance such indebtedness. Our inability to satisfy our debt obligations could materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

A failure to comply with the conditions of the Facility Agreement or the Senior Secured Convertible Note could result in an event of default. An event of default under the Facility Agreement includes, among other things, a failure to pay any amount due under the Facility Agreement or to issue common stock when required upon conversion of the Senior Secured Convertible Note as well as the occurrence of a criminal proceeding pursuant to which the remedy sought includes forfeiture of a material portion of property. If we fail to comply with any of the covenants under our indebtedness and are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment, the lenders may, among other things, accelerate our outstanding indebtedness and exercise rights with respect to collateral securing our outstanding indebtedness, each of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The terms of the Senior Secured Convertible Note may have a negative impact on our business and the value of our securities and may result in substantial dilution to our other equity securityholders.

The Senior Secured Convertible Note provides for certain terms which may have a negative impact on our business. Obligations under such agreement mature on August 9, 2027 and carry the possibility of the issuance of Convertible Note Warrants upon prepayment.

The obligations under the Senior Secured Convertible Note are secured and the lenders thereunder will have a claim against the assets and equity interests securing the related debt obligations that will have priority to claims of the Company’s equity securityholders generally. Additionally, the Convertible Note is guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries, effectively providing for claims against such subsidiaries which are structurally senior to our other equity securityholders generally.

The Senior Secured Convertible Note is convertible into common stock, subject to certain terms and conditions, which may result in dilution to our other equity securityholders.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. We may not be able to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that are applicable to us.

As a public company, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we are required to provide attestation on internal controls, and we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing additional internal controls and procedures and hiring additional accounting or internal audit staff. The standards required for a public company under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are significantly more stringent than those that were required of TOI as a privately held company. Management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements that became applicable to us after the Business Combination. If we are not able to implement the additional requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of our Common Stock. Further, as an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the date we are no longer an emerging growth company. At such time, our independent

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registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event that it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating.

In prior periods we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These deficiencies include material weaknesses relating to: (i) segregation of duties in the financial closing and reporting process; (ii) internal controls over review of complex accounting transactions and (iii) internal control over reviews of revenue process.

We have implemented a remediation plan to remediate all material weaknesses surrounding the areas identified above but can give no assurance that the measures we take will prevent any future material weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until management completes the design and implementation of processes and controls in our remediation plan and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective.

Maintaining effective internal controls over financial reporting is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and helping prevent financial fraud. If we are unable to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, our business and operating results could be harmed.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 

US Dollars in thousands, except share data

On May 10, 2022, the Company's Board consented to the adoption and approval of the Share Repurchase Program, authorizing up to $20,000 to be spent on the repurchase of the Company's common stock, expiring on December 31, 2022. The Company repurchased $9,000 of its common stock in the second quarter of 2022. At September 30, 2022, $11,000 of the Share Repurchase Program authorization remained available for repurchases. The table below reflects our purchases of common stock during each month since the approval of the Share Repurchase Program.

Period	Total Number of Shares of Stock Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Approximate Dollar Value that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
May 1, 2022 - May 31, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	20,000
June 1, 2022 - June 30, 2022	1,500,000	$	6.00	1,500,000	$	11,000
July 1, 2022 - July 31, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	11,000
August 1, 2022 - August 31, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	11,000
September 1, 2022 - September 30, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	11,000
Total	1,500,000	$	6.00	1,500,000

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information 

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

		Incorporated by Reference				Filed or Furnished Herewith
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 28, 2021, by and among DFP Healthcare Acquisitions Corp., Orion Merger Sub I, Inc., Orion Merger Sub II, LLC and TOI Parent, Inc.	S-4/A	333-258152	2.1	October 20, 2021
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of The Oncology Institute, Inc.	8-K	001-39248	3.1	November 18, 2021
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of The Oncology Institute, Inc.	8-K	001-39248	3.2	November 18, 2021
3.3	Certificate of Designation of Series A Common Stock Equivalent Convertible Preferred Stock	8-K/A	001-39248	3.3	November 22, 2021
4.1	Warrant Agreement, dated March 10, 2020, by and between DFP and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent	8-K	001-39248	4.1	March 13, 2020
4.2	Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate of The Oncology Institute, Inc.	8-K/A	001-39248	4.2	November 22, 2021
4.3	Form of Secured Convertible Note	8-K	001-39248	4.1	August 10, 2022
4.4	Form of Warrant	8-K	001-39248	4.2	August 10, 2022
10.1	Facility Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022, by and among the Company and Deerfield Partners L.P.	8-K	001-39248	10.1	August 10, 2022
10.2	Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2022, by and among The Oncology Institute, Inc. and Deerfield Partners L.P.	8-K	001-39248	10.2	August 10, 2022
10.3	Registration Rights Consent, Amendment, and Waiver, dated as of August 9, 2022, by and among Deerfield Private Design Fund IV, L.P., Deerfield Partners, L.P., M33 Growth I L.P., TOI M, LLC, and Oncology Care Partners, LLC	8-K	001-39248	10.3	August 10, 2022
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the Principal Executive Officer.					X
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the Principal Financial Officer.					X
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Executive Officer.					X
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Financial Officer					X
101	Interactive Data File — the following financial statements from The Oncology Institute's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q formatted in inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Operations), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Shares and Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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		Incorporated by Reference				Filed or Furnished Herewith
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized, on this the day of November 9, 2022.

THE ONCOLOGY INSTITUTE, INC.
By:	/s/ Mihir Shah
	Mihir Shah
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

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