Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-240309) pertaining to the Nkarta, Inc. 2020 Performance Incentive Plan, the Nkarta, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and the Nkarta, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan of Nkarta, Inc.,

(2)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-252134) pertaining to the Nkarta, Inc. 2020 Performance Incentive Plan and the Nkarta, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Nkarta, Inc.,

(3)Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-258766) of Nkarta, Inc.,

(4)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-263650) pertaining to the Nkarta, Inc. 2020 Performance Incentive Plan and the Nkarta, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan,

(5)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-269164) pertaining to the Nkarta, Inc. 2020 Performance Incentive Plan and the Nkarta, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan,

(6)Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-270680 and Amendment No. 1 thereto) of Nkarta, Inc., and

(7)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-276361) pertaining to the Nkarta, Inc. 2020 Performance Incentive Plan and the Nkarta, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

of our report dated March 21, 2024, with respect to the financial statements of Nkarta, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Nkarta, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Mateo, California

March 21, 2024