Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

NOTE 16 — Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to the Company’s full valuation allowance recorded against its deferred tax assets.

The Company had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal, state and foreign income tax purposes of approximately $81,324, $60,498 and $5,327, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. The Company's state NOL will begin to expire in 2039, all of the Company's federal NOLs will last indefinitely and the Company’s foreign NOL will begin to expire in 2037.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), imposes restrictions on the utilization of NOLs in the event of an “ownership change” of a corporation. Accordingly, a company’s ability to use NOLs may be limited as prescribed under Code Section 382 (“IRC Section 382”). Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the NOLs that the Company may use in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. Utilization of the federal and state NOLs may be subject to substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the IRC Section 382 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of the net operating loss before utilization. The Company has not performed a Section 382 study as of December 31, 2023 due to its full valuation allowance.

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals, or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, research and development costs are no longer fully deductible and are required to be capitalized and amortized for U.S. tax purposes effective January 1, 2022. The mandatory capitalization requirement had no material impact to the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. Management believes all the income tax returns filed since inception remain open to examination by the major domestic and foreign taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject due to NOLs.