Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies *Basis of Consolidation* The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Carpenter and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Investments in companies in which Carpenter exercises significant influence, but which it does not control (generally a 20 to 50 percent ownership interest), are accounted for on the equity method of accounting and Carpenter’s share of their income or loss is included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. In November 2012, the Company dissolved its strategic partnership with Sandvik Materials Technology (“Sandvik”). Prior to the dissolution of the strategic partnership, the Company owned a 40 percent interest in Sandvik Powdermet AB, which the Company accounted for as an equity method investment. In addition, Sandvik owned a 40 percent interest in Carpenter Powder Products AB which has historically been reported as a noncontrolling interest. Prior to November 2012, the financial results of Carpenter Powder Products AB were consolidated into the Company’s operating results and financial position, with the 40 percent interest of the noncontrolling partner recognized in the consolidated statement of income as net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and as equity attributable to the noncontrolling interest within total equity. *Revenue Recognition* Revenue, net of related discounts and allowances, is recognized when title and risk of loss has transferred to the customer, collectability is reasonably assured and pricing is fixed and determinable. This generally occurs when products are shipped. *Freight and Handling Fees and Costs* Freight and handling costs billed separately to customers are included as part of net sales, and freight and handling costs expensed are included as part of cost of sales on the consolidated statements of income. *Research and Development* Research and development expenditures, which amounted to $19.4 million, $20.5 million and $18.9 million in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, are expensed as incurred and are generally reported in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income. Substantially all development costs are related to developing new products or designing significant improvements to existing products. *Cash Equivalents* Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market. *Marketable Securities* Purchases and sales of marketable securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Carpenter has determined that all of its marketable securities are to be classified as available-for-sale. These securities are carried at market value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in other income, net. *Accounts Receivable* Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of outstanding amounts. Trade credit is extended based upon periodic evaluation of each customer’s ability to perform its obligations. The Company determines accounts receivable allowances based on an aging of accounts and a review of specific accounts identified as collection risks. The Company does not require collateral to secure accounts receivable. *Inventories* Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost for inventories is principally determined by the Last-In, First-Out (“LIFO”) method. Carpenter also uses the First-In, First-Out (“FIFO”) and average cost methods. As of June 30, 2013 and 2012, $173.3 million and $162.1 million of inventory, respectively, was accounted for using a method other than the LIFO method. *Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation* Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation for income tax purposes is computed using accelerated methods. Upon disposal, assets and related depreciation are removed from the accounts and the differences between the net amounts and proceeds from disposal are included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statement of income. *Computer Software and Amortization* Computer software is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and is amortized for financial reporting purposes on a straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives, ranging principally from 3 to 7 years. Amortization expense charged to operations related to capitalized software amounted to $6.8 million, $6.1 million and $5.2 million for the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. *Goodwill* Goodwill, representing the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, is stated at cost. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Potential impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow and the use of market multiples valuation techniques. These valuation techniques require the use of estimates and assumptions related to projected operating results, capital expenditures and working capital levels as well as the cost of capital. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, any impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill to its implied fair value. *Intangible assets* The costs of intangible assets, consisting principally of trademarks, trade names, non-compete arrangements, contracts and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 2.5 to 30 years. *Impairment of Long-Lived Assets* Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment and written down to fair value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable through future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired assets over the fair value of the assets based upon undiscounted future cash flows. *Environmental Expenditures* Environmental expenditures that pertain to current operations or to future revenues are expensed or capitalized consistent with Carpenter’s capitalization policy for property, plant and equipment. Expenditures that result from the remediation of an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenues are expensed. Liabilities are recognized for remedial activities when the remediation is probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Recoveries of expenditures for environmental remediation are recognized as assets only when recovery is deemed probable. Estimated liabilities are not discounted to present value, but estimated assets are measured on a discounted basis. *Derivative Financial Instruments* All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value and changes in fair value are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income. Carpenter enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge certain anticipated transactions, firm commitments, or assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Company has utilized interest rate swaps to convert floating rate debt to fixed rate, or to convert fixed rate debt to floating rate. *Foreign Currency Translation* Assets and liabilities of most international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year-end, and their income statements are translated at the average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded each period as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until the international entity is sold or liquidated. Gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are reported in other income, net in the consolidated statement of income. *Income Taxes* Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates, applicable to future years, to temporary differences between the tax bases and financial statement carrying values of Carpenter’s assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions are required in determining tax return reporting positions and in calculating provisions for income tax, which are based on interpretations of tax regulations and accounting pronouncements. Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that such positions, if challenged would not be sustained upon review by taxing authorities. These liabilities are re-evaluated as tax regulations and facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a specific exposure. *Earnings per Share* The Company has certain nonvested restricted shares and units that are considered participating securities because the awards have the right to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Accordingly, the Company calculates basic earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of shares for the period in each class. Because the participating securities have no obligation to share in net losses, losses are not allocated to the participating securities in this calculation. *Litigation* Periodically, Carpenter and its subsidiaries are parties to lawsuits arising out of the normal course of business. Carpenter records liabilities when a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. These estimates are based on an analysis made by internal and external legal counsel considering information known at the time. *Share-Based Compensation* The Company has two share-based employee compensation plans, which are more fully described in detail in Note 14. The Company recognizes compensation cost based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the shorter of the vesting period that the holder is required to provide service, or the period from the grant date to the date on which the employee is eligible to retire. Upon retirement, as defined in the Company’s share-based compensation plans, outstanding awards are subject to certain accelerated vesting terms. *Concentration of Credit Risk* Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and trade receivables. Investment and cash management policies have been implemented that limit deposit concentrations and limit investments to investment grade securities. The risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by monitoring payment terms and periodic credit evaluations we perform on our customers, the short duration of our payment terms and by the diversification of our customer base. During fiscal years 2013 and 2012, no customer accounted for 10 percent of total net sales and during fiscal year 2011, one customer accounted for 10 percent of total net sales. *Use of Estimates* The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Carpenter and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Investments in companies in which Carpenter exercises significant influence, but which it does not control (generally a 20 to 50 percent ownership interest), are accounted for on the equity method of accounting and Carpenter’s share of their income or loss is included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. In November 2012, the Company dissolved its strategic partnership with Sandvik Materials Technology (“Sandvik”). Prior to the dissolution of the strategic partnership, the Company owned a 40 percent interest in Sandvik Powdermet AB, which the Company accounted for as an equity method investment. In addition, Sandvik owned a 40 percent interest in Carpenter Powder Products AB which has historically been reported as a noncontrolling interest. Prior to November 2012, the financial results of Carpenter Powder Products AB were consolidated into the Company’s operating results and financial position, with the 40 percent interest of the noncontrolling partner recognized in the consolidated statement of income as net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and as equity attributable to the noncontrolling interest within total equity.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue, net of related discounts and allowances, is recognized when title and risk of loss has transferred to the customer, collectability is reasonably assured and pricing is fixed and determinable. This generally occurs when products are shipped.

Freight and Handling Fees and Costs

Freight and handling costs billed separately to customers are included as part of net sales, and freight and handling costs expensed are included as part of cost of sales on the consolidated statements of income.

Research and Development

Research and development expenditures, which amounted to $19.4 million, $20.5 million and $18.9 million in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, are expensed as incurred and are generally reported in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income. Substantially all development costs are related to developing new products or designing significant improvements to existing products.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market.

Marketable Securities

Purchases and sales of marketable securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Carpenter has determined that all of its marketable securities are to be classified as available-for-sale. These securities are carried at market value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in other income, net.

Accounts Receivable

Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of outstanding amounts. Trade credit is extended based upon periodic evaluation of each customer’s ability to perform its obligations. The Company determines accounts receivable allowances based on an aging of accounts and a review of specific accounts identified as collection risks. The Company does not require collateral to secure accounts receivable.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost for inventories is principally determined by the Last-In, First-Out (“LIFO”) method. Carpenter also uses the First-In, First-Out (“FIFO”) and average cost methods. As of June 30, 2013 and 2012, $173.3 million and $162.1 million of inventory, respectively, was accounted for using a method other than the LIFO method.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation

Fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation for income tax purposes is computed using accelerated methods. Upon disposal, assets and related depreciation are removed from the accounts and the differences between the net amounts and proceeds from disposal are included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statement of income.

Computer Software and Amortization

Computer software is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and is amortized for financial reporting purposes on a straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives, ranging principally from 3 to 7 years. Amortization expense charged to operations related to capitalized software amounted to $6.8 million, $6.1 million and $5.2 million for the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Goodwill

Goodwill, representing the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, is stated at cost. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Potential impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow and the use of market multiples valuation techniques. These valuation techniques require the use of estimates and assumptions related to projected operating results, capital expenditures and working capital levels as well as the cost of capital. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, any impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill to its implied fair value.

Intangible assets

The costs of intangible assets, consisting principally of trademarks, trade names, non-compete arrangements, contracts and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 2.5 to 30 years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment and written down to fair value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable through future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired assets over the fair value of the assets based upon undiscounted future cash flows.

Environmental Expenditures

Environmental expenditures that pertain to current operations or to future revenues are expensed or capitalized consistent with Carpenter’s capitalization policy for property, plant and equipment. Expenditures that result from the remediation of an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenues are expensed. Liabilities are recognized for remedial activities when the remediation is probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Recoveries of expenditures for environmental remediation are recognized as assets only when recovery is deemed probable. Estimated liabilities are not discounted to present value, but estimated assets are measured on a discounted basis.

Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value and changes in fair value are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income. Carpenter enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge certain anticipated transactions, firm commitments, or assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Company has utilized interest rate swaps to convert floating rate debt to fixed rate, or to convert fixed rate debt to floating rate.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of most international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year-end, and their income statements are translated at the average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded each period as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until the international entity is sold or liquidated. Gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are reported in other income, net in the consolidated statement of income.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates, applicable to future years, to temporary differences between the tax bases and financial statement carrying values of Carpenter’s assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions are required in determining tax return reporting positions and in calculating provisions for income tax, which are based on interpretations of tax regulations and accounting pronouncements. Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that such positions, if challenged would not be sustained upon review by taxing authorities. These liabilities are re-evaluated as tax regulations and facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a specific exposure.

Earnings per Share

The Company has certain nonvested restricted shares and units that are considered participating securities because the awards have the right to receive non-forfeitable dividends. Accordingly, the Company calculates basic earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of shares for the period in each class. Because the participating securities have no obligation to share in net losses, losses are not allocated to the participating securities in this calculation.

Litigation

Periodically, Carpenter and its subsidiaries are parties to lawsuits arising out of the normal course of business. Carpenter records liabilities when a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. These estimates are based on an analysis made by internal and external legal counsel considering information known at the time.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company has two share-based employee compensation plans, which are more fully described in detail in Note 14. The Company recognizes compensation cost based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the shorter of the vesting period that the holder is required to provide service, or the period from the grant date to the date on which the employee is eligible to retire. Upon retirement, as defined in the Company’s share-based compensation plans, outstanding awards are subject to certain accelerated vesting terms.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and trade receivables. Investment and cash management policies have been implemented that limit deposit concentrations and limit investments to investment grade securities. The risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by monitoring payment terms and periodic credit evaluations we perform on our customers, the short duration of our payment terms and by the diversification of our customer base. During fiscal years 2013 and 2012, no customer accounted for 10 percent of total net sales and during fiscal year 2011, one customer accounted for 10 percent of total net sales.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.