Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation Certain amounts in the consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets as presented in Carpenter Technology’s Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended June 30, 2020 have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue, net of related discounts, rebates, returns and allowances of $14.4 million, $25.8 million and $22.6 million for the years ended June 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied under the terms of a customer order or contract. This occurs when control of the goods and services has transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer, all of which occurs upon shipment or delivery of the product, based on the applicable shipping terms, or when the service is performed. Shipping terms may vary for products shipped outside the United States depending on the mode of transportation, the country where the material is shipped and any agreements made with the customers. Freight and Handling Fees and Costs Freight and handling costs billed separately to customers are included as part of net sales, and freight and handling costs expensed are included as part of cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development expenditures, which amounted to $19.7 million, $28.0 million and $23.3 million in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are expensed as incurred and are generally reported in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. The research and development expenditures consist principally of salaries and benefits, building costs, utilities and administrative expenses. Substantially all development costs are related to developing new products or designing significant improvements to existing products or processes.
Cash Equivalents	Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of outstanding amounts. Trade credit is extended based upon periodic evaluation of each customer's ability to perform its obligations. The Company determines accounts receivable allowances based on an aging of accounts and a review of specific accounts identified as collection risks. The Company does not require collateral to secure accounts receivable.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market for those inventories determined by the LIFO method. The Company values other inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined by the FIFO and average cost methods.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation	Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation Fixed assets are stated at historical cost, with the exception of assets acquired through acquisitions, which are recorded at fair value, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Upon disposal, assets and related depreciation are removed from the accounts and the differences between the net amounts and proceeds from disposal are generally included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations.
Computer Software and Amortization	Computer Software and Amortization Computer software is included in property, plant and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets and is amortized for financial reporting purposes on a straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 12 years.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment losses, representing the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, is stated at cost. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested annually for impairment as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Such events or circumstances include a decline in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the industry and markets, poor financial performance affecting earnings and cash flows and a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods. Potential impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow technique for the Additive reporting unit. The fair value is estimated using a weighting of discounted cash flows and the use of market multiples valuation techniques for the SAO reporting unit and remaining two PEP segment reporting units with goodwill. The discounted cash flow technique requires the use of cash flow forecasts. The cash flow forecasts include significant judgments and assumptions related to revenue growth rates, which include perpetual growth rates, gross margin and weighted average cost of capital. The market multiples valuation technique includes significant judgment in the determination of the market multiples. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, any impairment loss is measured by the difference between the carrying value of the reporting unit and its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. For purposes of performing Step 1 of goodwill impairment testing, the Company uses certain nonrecurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Fair value for purposes of the goodwill impairment test is based on a weighting of an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on a discounted cash flow technique that uses estimates of cash flows discounted to present value using rates commensurate with the risks associated with those cash flows. Under the market approach, a market-based value is derived by relating multiples for earnings and cash flow measures for a group of comparable public companies to the same measure for each reporting unit to estimate fair value. The assumptions used by the Company to determine fair value of the reporting units are similar to those that would be used by market participants performing valuations.
Intangible assets	Intangible assets The costs of intangible assets, consisting principally of trademarks, trade names, non-compete arrangements, technology, patents and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 30 years. The gross carrying amount and related accumulated amortization are removed from the accounts upon full amortization or impairment.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets subject to amortization, including property, plant, equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment and written down to fair value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable through future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired assets over the fair value of the assets based upon discounted future cash flows.
Leases	LeasesDetermination of whether a contract is or contains a lease at contract inception is based on the presence of identified assets and the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from or to direct the use of such assets. When it is determined a lease exists, a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. On the lease commencement date, the Company measures and records a ROU asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the rate implicit in the lease (or if that rate cannot be readily determined, an incremental borrowing rate). Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease contracts with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Fixed lease expense is recognized for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, are accounted for as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Accordingly, all costs associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease costs. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or may vary for other reasons, such as insurance and tax payments. The variable lease payments are not presented as part of the ROU asset or lease liability.
Environmental Expenditures	Environmental Expenditures Environmental expenditures that pertain to current operations or to future revenues are expensed or capitalized consistent with the Company's capitalization policy for property, plant and equipment. Expenditures that result from the remediation of an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenues are expensed. Liabilities are recognized for remedial activities when the remediation is probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Most estimated liabilities are not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty as to the timing and duration of expected costs.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value and changes in fair value are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss). The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge certain anticipated transactions, firm commitments or assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. In addition, the Company, from time to time, utilizes interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate debt to floating rate debt.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year-end, and their income statements are translated at the average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded each period as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the international entity is sold or liquidated. Gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are reported in other expense (income), net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates, applicable to future years, to temporary differences between the tax basis and financial statement carrying values of the Company's assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions are required in determining tax return reporting positions and in calculating provisions for income tax, which are based on interpretations of tax regulations and accounting pronouncements. Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that such positions, if challenged, would not be sustained upon review by taxing authorities. These liabilities are re-evaluated as tax regulations and facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a specific exposure.
(Loss) Earnings per Share	(Loss) Earnings per Share The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities (restricted stock units that receive non-forfeitable dividends) according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of shares for the period in each class. Diluted earnings per share assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive share equivalents outstanding.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and trade receivables. Investment and cash management policies have been implemented that limit deposit concentrations and limit investments to investment grade securities. The risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by monitoring payment terms and periodic credit evaluations we perform on our customers, the short duration of our payment terms and by the diversification of our customer base.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant economic volatility, uncertainty and disruption. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, operations, financial results and financial position will depend on numerous evolving factors that the Company may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; our efforts and efforts by governmental authorities to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel bans, shelter in place orders and business closures, and the related impact on resource allocations and manufacturing and supply chains; the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response; the effect on our customers' demand for our goods and services and our vendors ability to supply us with raw materials; the impact of providing a safe working environment to our employees, our ability to sell and provide our goods and services, which may be limited as a result of travel restrictions and people working from home; the ability of our customers to pay for our goods and services; and any closures of our offices and facilities and our customers' offices and facilities. Customers may also slow down decision-making, delay planned work or seek to terminate existing agreements. The Company has assessed various accounting estimates and other matters, including those that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in context with the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 using information that is reasonably available to the Company at this time. As additional information becomes available, the future assessment of these estimates, including expectations at the time regarding the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, as well as other factors, could materially adversely affect the consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair Value Measurements The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 refers to unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	The Company's derivative financial instruments consist of commodity forward contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and forward interest rate swaps. These instruments are measured at fair value using the market method valuation technique. The inputs to this technique utilize information related to foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates published by third party leading financial news and data providers. This is observable data; however, the valuation of these instruments is not based on actual transactions for the same instruments and, as such, they are classified as Level 2. The Company's use of derivatives and hedging policies are more fully discussed in Note 17. The Company has currently chosen not to elect the fair value option for any items that are not already required to be measured at fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This guidance added a new impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss model ("CECL"), which is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses that were recognized under the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses accounting standard. Under this model, an entity is required to recognize an allowance equivalent to its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts and other loan commitments. This model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and requires the measurement of expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. This guidance will need to be considered in future assessments of credit losses. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 Reference Rate Reform (Subtopic 715-20). The amendments in ASU 2018-14 remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. Amendments that effect the Company's disclosure include the following: (i) elimination of presenting the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized (i.e., amortization of net actuarial losses and prior service costs) as non-service components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year; (ii) for postretirement health care benefits, elimination of the effects of a one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost and (b) benefit obligation. These amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The guidance in ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) which replaced the prior guidance in ASC 840, Leases. The standard improves transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the Company to adjust comparative periods. Operating leases are included in other assets, accrued liabilities (current) and other liabilities (long-term) on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date in an amount that represents the present value of future lease payments. Upon adoption of the new lease guidance, the Company recorded a ROU asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for several types of operating leases, including land and buildings, equipment (e.g. trucks and forklifts), vehicles and computer equipment. The adoption of the standard had no impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. There was no cumulative effect of adopting the standard at the date of initial application in reinvested earnings. The Company elected the package of practical expedients included in this guidance, which allowed it to not reassess: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and, (iii) the initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components for all asset classes. The Company recognizes lease expense in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also made a policy election to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less for all asset classes. Leases with the option to extend their term or terminate early are reflected in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Since adopted, the Company has expanded the disclosure of operating leases included in Note 14. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to reinvested earnings for standard tax effects resulting from the Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act). ASU 2018-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. ASU 2018-15 was effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-15 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and elected the prospective adoption method. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption At this time there are no recently issued pronouncements, pending adoption, that would materially impact the Company.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2021

Certain amounts in the consolidated statements of operations, consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets as presented in Carpenter Technology’s Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended June 30, 2020 have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue, net of related discounts, rebates, returns and allowances of $14.4 million, $25.8 million and $22.6 million for the years ended June 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied under the terms of a customer order or contract. This occurs when control of the goods and services has transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer, all of which occurs upon shipment or delivery of the product, based on the applicable shipping terms, or when the service is performed. Shipping terms may vary for products shipped outside the United States depending on the mode of transportation, the country where the material is shipped and any agreements made with the customers.

Freight and Handling Fees and Costs

Freight and handling costs billed separately to customers are included as part of net sales, and freight and handling costs expensed are included as part of cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations.

Research and Development

Research and development expenditures, which amounted to $19.7 million, $28.0 million and $23.3 million in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are expensed as incurred and are generally reported in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. The research and development expenditures consist principally of salaries and benefits, building costs, utilities and administrative expenses. Substantially all development costs are related to developing new products or designing significant improvements to existing products or processes.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market.

Accounts Receivable

Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of outstanding amounts. Trade credit is extended based upon periodic evaluation of each customer's ability to perform its obligations. The Company determines accounts receivable allowances based on an aging of accounts and a review of specific accounts identified as collection risks. The Company does not require collateral to secure accounts receivable.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market for those inventories determined by the LIFO method. The Company values other inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined by the FIFO and average cost methods.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation

Fixed assets are stated at historical cost, with the exception of assets acquired through acquisitions, which are recorded at fair value, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Upon disposal, assets and related depreciation are removed from the accounts and the differences between the net amounts and proceeds from disposal are generally included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations.

Computer Software and Amortization

Computer software is included in property, plant and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets and is amortized for financial reporting purposes on a straight-line basis over the respective estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 12 years.

Goodwill

Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment losses, representing the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, is stated at cost. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested annually for impairment as of June 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Such events or circumstances include a decline in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the industry and markets, poor financial performance affecting earnings and cash flows and a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods.

Potential impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow technique for the Additive reporting unit. The fair value is estimated using a weighting of discounted cash flows and the use of market multiples valuation techniques for the SAO reporting unit and remaining two PEP segment reporting units with goodwill.

The discounted cash flow technique requires the use of cash flow forecasts. The cash flow forecasts include significant judgments and assumptions related to revenue growth rates, which include perpetual growth rates, gross margin and weighted average cost of capital. The market multiples valuation technique includes significant judgment in the determination of the market multiples. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, any impairment loss is measured by the difference between the carrying value of the reporting unit and its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

For purposes of performing Step 1 of goodwill impairment testing, the Company uses certain nonrecurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Fair value for purposes of the goodwill impairment test is based on a weighting of an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on a discounted cash flow technique that uses estimates of cash flows discounted to present value using rates commensurate with the risks associated with those cash flows. Under the market approach, a market-based value is derived by relating multiples for earnings and cash flow measures for a group of comparable public companies to the same measure for each reporting unit to estimate fair value. The assumptions used by the Company to determine fair value of the reporting units are similar to those that would be used by market participants performing valuations.

Intangible assets

The costs of intangible assets, consisting principally of trademarks, trade names, non-compete arrangements, technology, patents and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 30 years. The gross carrying amount and related accumulated amortization are removed from the accounts upon full amortization or impairment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets subject to amortization, including property, plant, equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment and written down to fair value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable through future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired assets over the fair value of the assets based upon discounted future cash flows.

Leases

LeasesDetermination of whether a contract is or contains a lease at contract inception is based on the presence of identified assets and the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from or to direct the use of such assets. When it is determined a lease exists, a ROU asset and corresponding lease liability are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. On the lease commencement date, the Company measures and records a ROU asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the rate implicit in the lease (or if that rate cannot be readily determined, an incremental borrowing rate). Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease contracts with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Fixed lease expense is recognized for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, are accounted for as a single lease component for all underlying asset classes. Accordingly, all costs associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease costs. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage, output, or may vary for other reasons, such as insurance and tax payments. The variable lease payments are not presented as part of the ROU asset or lease liability.

Environmental Expenditures

Environmental expenditures that pertain to current operations or to future revenues are expensed or capitalized consistent with the Company's capitalization policy for property, plant and equipment. Expenditures that result from the remediation of an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenues are expensed. Liabilities are recognized for remedial activities when the remediation is probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Most estimated liabilities are not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty as to the timing and duration of expected costs.

Derivative Financial Instruments

All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value and changes in fair value are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss). The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to hedge certain anticipated transactions, firm commitments or assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. In addition, the Company, from time to time, utilizes interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate debt to floating rate debt.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year-end, and their income statements are translated at the average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded each period as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the international entity is sold or liquidated. Gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are reported in other expense (income), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates, applicable to future years, to temporary differences between the tax basis and financial statement carrying values of the Company's assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions are required in determining tax return reporting positions and in calculating provisions for income tax, which are based on interpretations of tax regulations and accounting pronouncements. Liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that such positions, if challenged, would not be sustained upon review by taxing authorities. These liabilities are re-evaluated as tax regulations and facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a specific exposure.

(Loss) Earnings per Share

The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities (restricted stock units that receive non-forfeitable dividends) according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of shares for the period in each class. Diluted earnings per share assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive share equivalents outstanding.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and trade receivables. Investment and cash management policies have been implemented that limit deposit concentrations and limit investments to investment grade securities. The risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by monitoring payment terms and periodic credit evaluations we perform on our customers, the short duration of our payment terms and by the diversification of our customer base.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant economic volatility, uncertainty and disruption. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, operations, financial results and financial position will depend on numerous evolving factors that the Company may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; our efforts and efforts by governmental authorities to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel bans, shelter in place orders and business closures, and the related impact on resource allocations and manufacturing and supply chains; the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response; the effect on our customers' demand for our goods and services and our vendors ability to supply us with raw materials; the impact of providing a safe working environment to our employees, our ability to sell and provide our goods and services, which may be limited as a result of travel restrictions and people working from home; the ability of our customers to pay for our goods and services; and any closures of our offices and facilities and our customers' offices and facilities. Customers may also slow down decision-making, delay planned work or seek to terminate existing agreements.

The Company has assessed various accounting estimates and other matters, including those that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in context with the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 using information that is reasonably available to the Company at this time. As additional information becomes available, the future assessment of these estimates, including expectations at the time regarding the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, as well as other factors, could materially adversely affect the consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurements The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 refers to unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company's derivative financial instruments consist of commodity forward contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and forward interest rate swaps. These instruments are measured at fair value using the market method valuation technique. The inputs to this technique utilize information related to foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates published by third party leading financial news and data providers. This is observable data; however, the valuation of these instruments is not based on actual transactions for the same instruments and, as such, they are classified as Level 2. The Company's use of derivatives and hedging policies are more fully discussed in Note 17.

The Company has currently chosen not to elect the fair value option for any items that are not already required to be measured at fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This guidance added a new impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss model ("CECL"), which is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses that were recognized under the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses accounting standard. Under this model, an entity is required to recognize an allowance equivalent to its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts and other loan commitments. This model does not have a minimum threshold for recognition of impairment losses and requires the measurement of expected credit losses on assets that have a low risk of loss. This guidance will need to be considered in future assessments of credit losses. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 Reference Rate Reform (Subtopic 715-20). The amendments in ASU 2018-14 remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. Amendments that effect the Company's disclosure include the following: (i) elimination of presenting the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized (i.e., amortization of net actuarial losses and prior service costs) as non-service components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year; (ii) for postretirement health care benefits, elimination of the effects of a one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost and (b) benefit obligation. These amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The guidance in ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) which replaced the prior guidance in ASC 840, Leases. The standard improves transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the Company to adjust comparative periods. Operating leases are included in other assets, accrued liabilities (current) and other liabilities (long-term) on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date in an amount that represents the present value of future lease payments. Upon adoption of the new lease guidance, the Company recorded a ROU asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for several types of operating leases, including land and buildings, equipment (e.g. trucks and forklifts), vehicles and computer equipment. The adoption of the standard had no impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. There was no cumulative effect of adopting the standard at the date of initial application in reinvested earnings.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients included in this guidance, which allowed it to not reassess: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and, (iii) the initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components for all asset classes. The Company recognizes lease expense in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also made a policy election to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less for all asset classes. Leases with the option to extend their term or terminate early are reflected in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Since adopted, the Company has expanded the disclosure of operating leases included in Note 14.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to reinvested earnings for standard tax effects resulting from the Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act). ASU 2018-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. ASU 2018-15 was effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-15 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 and elected the prospective adoption method. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption

At this time there are no recently issued pronouncements, pending adoption, that would materially impact the Company.