Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the results are reflected in the interim periods presented. The June 30, 2018 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Carpenter’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period.

As used throughout this report, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Carpenter”, the “Company”, “Registrant”, “Issuer”, “we” and “our” refer to Carpenter Technology Corporation.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2019 the Company changed the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in connection with the adoption of ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) - Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Current Period and Pending Adoption

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted in current period

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) which outlines a single comprehensive framework for all entities in all industries to apply in the determination of when to recognize revenue, and, therefore, supersedes virtually all existing revenue recognition requirements and guidance. This framework resulted in less complex guidance in application while providing a consistent and comparable methodology for revenue recognition. The standard provides a five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers, with an underlying principle that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 for all open contracts as of July 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the financial position of the Company, the results of its operations or its cash flows as of and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019. There was no cumulative effect of adopting the standard at the date of initial application in reinvested earnings. The Company’s revenue recognition accounting policy has been updated for the new guidance and the Company has expanded disclosure of revenues from contracts with customers as included in Note 3. Revenue.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which outlines updates to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU 2016-16 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-16 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) - Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The guidance changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans disaggregate the service cost components from other components of net periodic benefit costs in the income statement. This amendment requires that the service cost component be reported in net income as “cost of sales” or “selling, general and administrative expenses” in a manner consistent with the classification of direct labor and personnel costs of the eligible employees. Other components of net periodic benefit costs including interest costs, expected return on plan assets, amortization of net loss, amortization of prior service cost (benefits) (“pension earnings, interest and deferrals”) are classified as non-operating expense in “other income (expense), net” on the consolidated statements of income. The update specifies that only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization, which is consistent with the Company’s current practice. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-07 effective July 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, $0.5 million has been reclassified from selling, general and administrative expenses to other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income. For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, $0.1 million and $1.5 million have been reclassified from cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, to other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of income.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedge Activities, which amended and simplified the requirements of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 enables companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. The guidance requires the presentation of all items that affect earnings to be recorded in the same income statement line as the hedged item and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12 on July 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company reclassified $1.0 million of previously recorded hedge ineffectiveness from Reinvested Earnings to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets and provided expanded disclosures of derivative activity.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) which improves transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company completed the accumulation of current lease information into the accounting software and validated the data for accuracy. The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company will make a policy election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for substantially all asset classes. Upon adoption of the new lease guidance, the Company expects to record a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheets for several types of operating leases, including buildings, equipment, vehicles, and computer equipment. Based on the current lease information, the amount of the respective asset and liability is estimated to be less than 5 percent of both total assets and total liabilities, as reported on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to reinvested earnings for standard tax effects resulting from the Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018. ASU 2018-02 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-02 on July 1, 2019 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts. The Company applies the five-step model in the FASB’s guidance, which requires the Company to: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations under the terms of a customer purchase order or contract are satisfied. This occurs when control of the goods and services has transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title, ownership, and risk of loss pass to the customer, all of which occurs upon shipment or delivery of the product or the service is performed. Consignment transactions are arrangements where the Company transfers product to a customer location but retains ownership and control of such product until it is used by the customer. Revenue for consignment arrangements is recognized upon usage by the customer. Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed.

The customer purchase order or contract for goods transferred has a single performance obligation for which revenue is recognized at a point in time. The standard terms and conditions of a customer purchase order include general rights of return and product warranty provisions related to nonconforming product. Depending on the circumstances, the product is either replaced or a quality adjustment is issued. Such warranties do not represent a separate performance obligation.

Each customer purchase order or contract sets forth the transaction price for the products and services purchased under that arrangement. Some customer arrangements include variable consideration, such as volume rebates, which generally depend upon the Company’s customers meeting specified performance criteria, such as a purchasing level over a period of time. The Company exercises judgment to estimate the most likely amount of variable consideration at each reporting date.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for its product. The normal payment terms are 30 days. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient that permits a Company to not adjust for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects that at the contract inception, the period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer the goods are included in revenues and costs incurred by the Company for the delivery of goods are classified as cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income. Shipping terms may vary for products shipped outside the United States depending on the mode of transportation, the country where the material is shipped and any agreements made with the customers.

Contract liabilities are recognized when the Company has received consideration from a customer to transfer goods or services at a future point in time when the Company performs under the purchase order or contract. Contract liabilities were $12.3 million and $10.4 million at March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively, and are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient that permits the omission of disclosure for remaining performance obligations which are expected to be satisfied in one year or less.  

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company operates in two business segments, Specialty Alloys Operations (“SAO”) and Performance Engineered Products (“PEP”). Revenue is disaggregated within these two business segments by diversified end-use markets and by geographical location.

Earnings per Common Share

The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities (non-vested restricted shares and units that receive non-forfeitable dividends) according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of outstanding shares for the period in each class. Diluted earnings per share assumes the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive share equivalents outstanding.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost for inventories is principally determined using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) inventory costing method. The Company also uses the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) and average cost methods.

Regulatory Environmental Costs

The Company is subject to various federal, state, local and international environmental laws and regulations relating to pollution, protection of public health and the environment, natural resource damages and occupational safety and health. Although compliance with these laws and regulations may affect the costs of the Company’s operations, compliance costs to date have not been material. The Company has environmental remediation liabilities at some of its owned operating facilities and has been designated as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) with respect to certain third party Superfund waste-disposal sites and other third party-owned sites. The Company accrues amounts for environmental remediation costs that represent management’s best estimate of the probable and reasonably estimable future costs related to environmental remediation.

Contingencies and Commitments

The Company is defending various routine claims and legal actions that are incidental to its business and common to its operations, including those pertaining to product claims, commercial disputes, patent infringement, employment actions, employee benefits, compliance with domestic and foreign laws, personal injury claims and tax issues. Like many other manufacturing companies in recent years, the Company, from time to time, has been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to chemicals and substances in the workplace such as asbestos. The Company provides for costs relating to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The effect of the outcome of these matters on the Company’s future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount and timing (both as to recording future charges to operations and cash expenditures) of the resolution of such matters. While it is not feasible to determine the outcome of these matters, management believes that the total liability from these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows over the long-term. However, there can be no assurance that an increase in the scope of pending matters or that any future lawsuits, claims, proceedings or investigations will not be material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in a particular future quarter or year.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 refers to unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. Currently, the Company does not use Level 1 and 3 inputs.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of commodity forward contracts, foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swaps. These instruments are measured at fair value using the market method valuation technique. The inputs to this technique utilize information related to commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates published by third party leading financial news and data providers. This is observable data; however, the valuation of these instruments is not based on actual transactions for the same instruments and, as such, they are classified as Level 2. The Company’s use of derivatives and hedging policies are more fully discussed in Note 12.

The Company has currently chosen not to elect the fair value option for any items that are not already required to be measured at fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Business Segments

The Company has two reportable segments, SAO and PEP.

The SAO segment is comprised of the Company’s major premium alloy and stainless steel manufacturing operations. This includes operations performed at mills primarily in Reading and Latrobe, Pennsylvania and surrounding areas as well as South Carolina and Alabama. The combined assets of the SAO operations are being managed in an integrated manner to optimize efficiency and profitability across the total system.

The PEP segment is comprised of the Company’s differentiated operations. This segment includes the Dynamet titanium business, the Carpenter Powder Products business, the Amega West business, the CalRAM business, the LPW business and the Latrobe and Mexico distribution businesses. The businesses in the PEP segment are managed with an entrepreneurial structure to promote flexibility and agility to quickly respond to market dynamics. 

The Company’s executive management evaluates the performance of these operating segments based on sales, operating income and cash flow generation. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which is comprised of executive and director compensation and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments.