Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-281939

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

(To Prospectus dated September 5, 2024)

AST SPACEMOBILE, INC.

Up to $400,000,000

Class A Common Stock

We have entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., BofA Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. and UBS Securities LLC (collectively, the “agents”) relating to shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), offered by this prospectus supplement. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our Class A Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000 from time to time through the agents acting as our sales agents pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

Our shares of Class A Common Stock are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “ASTS.” On September 3, 2024, the last reported sale price on Nasdaq of our Class A Common Stock was $29.41 per share. Sales of our Class A Common Stock, if any, under this prospectus supplement will be made by any method permitted that is deemed an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on or through Nasdaq or any other existing trading market in the United States for our Class A Common Stock, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise, directly to the agents as principals, in negotiated transactions (including block trades), at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices and/or in any other method permitted by law. If we and the agents agree on any method of distribution other than sales of shares of our Class A Common Stock on or through Nasdaq or another existing trading market in the United States at market prices, we will file a further prospectus supplement providing all information about such offering as required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act. No agent is required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but each agent has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, as our sales agent. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

Each of the agents will be entitled to compensation of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price for any shares of Class A Common Stock sold through it as a sales agent under the Sales Agreement, as further described in the “Plan of Distribution” section. In connection with the sale of the Class A Common Stock on our behalf, each agent may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of the agents may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the agents with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Investing in our Class A Common Stock involves significant risks. Please read the information contained in or incorporated by reference under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement, and under similar headings in other documents filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Class A Common Stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of our Class A Common Stock, or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is accurate, truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

B. Riley Securities	Barclays	BofA Securities	Cantor
Deutsche Bank Securities	Roth Capital Partners	Scotiabank	UBS Investment Bank

The date of this prospectus supplement is September 5, 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT		S-1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		S-2
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY		S-4
THE OFFERING		S-7
RISK FACTORS		S-9
USE OF PROCEEDS		S-11
DILUTION		S-12
DIVIDEND POLICY		S-14
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		S-15
MATERIAL UNITED STATES TAX CONSEQUENCES TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK		S-17
LEGAL MATTERS		S-21
EXPERTS		S-21
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION: INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		S-21
Prospectus
	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		2
RISK FACTORS		4
OUR COMPANY		5
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES		9
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		27
LEGAL MATTERS		29
EXPERTS		29
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		30

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than that date.

TRADEMARKS

This document contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to us or to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may appear without the ^® or ^™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we or the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, rights to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus supplement to:

• “A&R Operating Agreement” refers to that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of AST LLC.

• “agents” refers to B. Riley Securities, Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., BofA Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. and UBS Securities LLC, collectively.

• “American Tower” refers to ATC TRS II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Antares” refers to Antares Technologies LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “AST Equityholders” refers to Avellan, Antares, Vodafone, American Tower and Rakuten USA.

• “AST LLC” refers to AST & Science, LLC, a Delaware limited liability corporation.

• “AST LLC Common Unit” means a unit of ownership interest in AST LLC, which entitles the holder thereof to the distributions, allocations and other rights under the A&R Operating Agreement.

• “AT&T” refers to AT&T Venture Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Avellan” refers to Abel Avellan.

• “BB satellites” refers to our BlueBird satellites.

• “Block 1 BB satellites” refers to our first generation of commercial BB satellites.

• “Block 2 BB satellites” refers to our next generation of commercial BB satellites.

• “Board of Directors” refers to our board of directors.

• “Business Combination” refers to the transactions contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement.

• “Cellular Broadband” refers to cellular communications at 4G LTE/5G speeds.

• “Charter” refers to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

• “Class A Common Stock” means the shares of class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class B Common Stock” means the shares of class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class C Common Stock” means the shares of class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class C Share Voting Amount” is to the “Class C Share Voting Amount,” as such term is defined in the Charter, which is a number of votes per share equal to (i) (x) 88.31% of the total voting power of the outstanding voting stock of the Company, minus (y) the total voting power of the outstanding stock of the Company (other than Class C Common Stock) owned or controlled by Avellan and his permitted transferees, divided by (ii) the number of shares of Class C Common Stock then outstanding.

• “Closing” refers to the completion of the Business Combination.

• “Common Stock” refers collectively to Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock.

• “Equity Purchase Agreement” refers to that certain Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2020, by and among AST LLC, New Providence Acquisition Corp., New Providence Management LLC, the AST Existing Equityholder Representative and the Existing Equityholders.

• “Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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• “Existing Equityholder(s)” refers to the equityholders of AST LLC pursuant to the Prior AST Operating Agreement.

• “Google” refers to Google LLC.

• “MNOs” refers to Mobile Network Operators.

• “Prior AST Operating Agreement” refers to that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of AST LLC.

• “Private Placement Notes” refers to the Company’s 5.50% subordinated convertible notes that were issued pursuant to that certain Convertible Security Investment Agreement in an aggregate amount of $110 million that were issued on January 16, 2024 to AT&T, Google and Vodafone, and in an aggregate amount of $35 million on May 23, 2024 to Verizon Communications Inc.

• “Private Placement Warrants” refers to the warrants sold by the Company in connection with its initial public offering which were issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement.

• “Public Warrants” refers to the warrants sold by the Company as part of the units in its initial public offering and any additional warrants issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement that trade with the outstanding public warrants.

• “Rakuten USA” refers to Rakuten Mobile USA Service Inc., a Delaware corporation.

• “Redemption Election Committee” refers to the Redemption Election Committee of our Board of Directors that is responsible for determining whether, in connection with the redemption of AST LLC’s Common Units by a holder thereof, we, in our capacity as managing member of AST LLC, should elect to redeem such Common Units for cash or shares of Class A Common Stock.

• “Sales Agreement” refers to that certain Equity Distribution Agreement, dated as of September 5, 2024, by and among the Company, AST LLC and the agents.

• “Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

• “SpaceMobile Service” refers to the mobile broadband network that is expected to provide connectivity to standard, unmodified, off-the-shelf mobile phones or 2G/4G LTE/5G devices from the Company’s satellite network.

• “Stockholders’ Agreement” refers to that certain Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2024, by and among the Company, AST Equityholders and AT&T.

• “Sunset Date” refers to the Sunset Date described in the Stockholders’ Agreement, which is the earliest to occur of (i) Avellan’s retirement or resignation from the Board of Directors, (ii) the date on which Avellan and his permitted transferees beneficially own less than 20% of the Class A Common Stock that Avellan beneficially owns as of immediately after the Closing and (iii) Avellan’s death or permanent incapacitation.

• “Vodafone” refers to Vodafone Ventures Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales.

• “Warrant Agreement” refers to that certain Warrant Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2019, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company.

• “2G,” “3G” and “5G” each refer to generations of mobile technology.

• “4G LTE” refers to fourth generation long-term evolution.

Additionally, references in this prospectus supplement to “SpaceMobile,” the “Company,” the “registrant,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to AST SpaceMobile, Inc. (formerly known as New Providence Acquisition Corp.), and references to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This document is part of the registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process and consists of two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer only to the “prospectus,” we are referring to both parts combined. This prospectus supplement may add to, update or change information in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. By using a shelf registration statement, we may offer shares of our Class A Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus supplement at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying prospectus or with any document incorporated by reference that was filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus supplement, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated into each by reference include important information about us, the securities being offered and other information you should know before investing in our securities. You should also read and consider information in the documents we have referred you to in the sections of this prospectus supplement entitled “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

In deciding whether or not to invest in our Class A Common Stock, you should rely only on the information contained in, and incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information or to make any representation other than those contained in, and incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information or representation, you should not rely on them. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy our Class A Common Stock in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference is accurate only as of their respective dates, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any sale of our Class A Common Stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.

We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

• our strategies and future financial performance, including our business plans or objectives, products and services, pricing, marketing plans, operating expenses, market trends, revenues, liquidity, cash flows and uses of cash and capital expenditures;

• expected functionality of the SpaceMobile Service;

• the timing of the assembly, integration and testing as well as regulatory approvals for the launch of our Block 1 BB satellites;

• anticipated timing and level of deployment of satellites and anticipated developments in technology included in our satellites;

• anticipated demand and acceptance of mobile satellite services;

• anticipated costs necessary to execute our business plan, many of which are preliminary estimates subject to change based upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to our success in deploying and testing our constellation of satellites;

• anticipated timing of our needs for capital or expected incurrence of future costs;

• prospective performance and commercial opportunities and competitors;

• our ability to continue to raise funds to finance our operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditures;

• commercial partnership acquisition and retention;

• the negotiation of definitive agreements with MNOs and governmental entities relating to the SpaceMobile Service that would supersede preliminary agreements and memoranda of understanding;

• our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

• our expansion plans and opportunities, including the size of our addressable market;

• our ability to comply with domestic and foreign regulatory regimes and the timing of obtaining regulatory approvals;

• changes in applicable laws or regulations;

• our ability to invest in growth initiatives and enter into new geographic markets;

• the possibility we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

• the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against us;

• our ability to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest in the ordinary course of our business; and

• other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference herein.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a

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number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance could be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Class A Common Stock offered by this prospectus supplement. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully read the entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” sections, as well as our financial statements, including the accompanying notes, and the other information incorporated by reference herein.

Our Company

We are building the first and only global Cellular Broadband network in space to be accessible directly by everyday smartphones (2G/4G-LTE/5G devices) for commercial use, and other applications for government use utilizing our extensive intellectual property (“IP”) and patent portfolio. Our SpaceMobile Service is being designed to provide cost-effective, high-speed Cellular Broadband services to end-users who are out of terrestrial cellular coverage using existing mobile devices. The SpaceMobile Service currently is planned to be provided by a constellation of high-powered, large phased-array satellites in Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) using low band and middle band spectrum controlled by MNOs. We are headquartered in Texas where we operate 185,000 square feet satellite assembly, integrating and testing facilities. Our IP portfolio is diverse, containing numerous and various innovations of the direct-to-cell satellite ecosystem from space to Earth. Our IP portfolio consists of 36 patent families worldwide. As of June 30, 2024, we had more than 3,400 patent and patent pending claims worldwide, of which approximately 1,240 have been officially granted or allowed.

We intend to work with MNOs to offer the SpaceMobile Service to the MNOs’ end-user customers. Our vision is that users will not need to subscribe to the SpaceMobile Service directly through us, nor will they need to purchase any new or additional equipment. Instead, users will be able to access the SpaceMobile Service when prompted on their mobile device that they are no longer within range of the land-based facilities of the MNO operator or will be able to purchase a plan directly with their existing mobile provider. We intend to seek to use a revenue-sharing business model for SpaceMobile Service in our agreements with MNOs.

The SpaceMobile Service is expected to be highly attractive to MNOs as it will enable them to improve and differentiate their service offering without significant incremental capital investments. The SpaceMobile Service is expected to enable MNOs to augment and extend their coverage without building towers or other land-based infrastructure, including where it is not cost-justified or is difficult due to geographical challenges. As a result of the incremental coverage created by the planned SpaceMobile Service, we believe that MNOs will have the opportunity to increase subscribers’ average revenue per user.

On April 1, 2019, we launched our first test satellite, BW1, which was used to validate our satellite to cellular architecture and was capable of managing communications delays from LEO and the effects of doppler in a satellite to ground cellular environment using the 4G-LTE protocol.

We launched our BlueWalker 3 (“BW3”) test satellite on September 10, 2022, and announced the completion of the deployment of the communication phased array antenna of the BW3 test satellite in orbit on November 14, 2022. On April 25, 2023, we announced that we had successfully completed two-way voice calls directly to standard unmodified smartphones using the BW3 test satellite. On June 21, 2023, we announced that we had achieved repeated successful 4G download speeds of above 10 megabits per second (“Mbps”) to standard unmodified smartphones using the BW3 test satellite. On September 19, 2023, we announced that we had achieved repeated successful two-way voice calls directly to standard unmodified smartphones using 5G connectivity and successful download speeds of approximately 14 Mbps utilizing 5 megahertz (“Mhz”) of low band spectrum via the BW3 test satellite. Since then, we have achieved successful download speeds above 21 Mbps, spectral efficiency of approximately 3 bits per hertz, and have also successfully completed initial in-orbit

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and ground testing for non-communication government applications. We intend to continue testing capabilities of the BW3 test satellite, including further testing with cellular service providers and the government.

In July 2024, we completed the final assembly, integration and testing of five of our Block 1 BB satellites. The Block 1 BB satellites are of similar size and weight to the BW3 test satellite, include our own designed array solar panels and battery systems, and are expected to have ten times higher throughput than the BW3 test satellite. The five Block 1 BB satellites are currently at the launch site awaiting an orbital launch targeted for on or after September 12, 2024. The exact timing of orbital launch is subject to change based on a number of factors, including launch readiness of the launch provider, weather conditions, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

The SpaceMobile Service has not been launched and therefore has not yet generated any revenue. Following the launch and deployment of five Block 1 BB satellites, we currently plan to initiate a limited, noncontinuous SpaceMobile Service in targeted geographical areas, including in the United States, and seek to generate revenue from such service. Prior to initiating SpaceMobile Service in each jurisdiction, we will need to obtain regulatory approvals in each jurisdiction where we would provide such service and would need to enter into commercial agreements with MNOs relating to the offering of such service in each jurisdiction. We have received an initial license from the United States Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) to launch and operate V, S and UHF frequencies to support gateway, feeder link and telemetry, tracking, and control operations for the first five Block 1 BB satellites in the United States. We have entered into a space-based wireless connectivity agreement with AT&T Services, Inc. (“AT&T Services”) to provide SpaceMobile Service to AT&T Services’ end users for use within the continental United States (excluding Alaska) and Hawaii. We also plan to enter into similar commercial agreements with Verizon Communications Inc. in the United States. Before we begin providing full commercial SpaceMobile Service in the United States, we will need to obtain additional approvals from the FCC. We are expanding our efforts on ground infrastructure development for commercial readiness and integrating our SpaceMobile Service into the MNOs’ infrastructure to enable us to initiate commercial services.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2024, we have recognized revenue from completion of performance obligations under an agreement with a prime contractor for the U.S. Government and expect to continue to recognize revenue throughout 2024 as and when we complete the remaining performance obligations under the agreement. In 2024, we expect to begin generating revenue from the resale of gateway equipment and associated services to MNOs and other third parties. We believe initiation of limited, noncontinuous SpaceMobile Service, as well as completing the milestones under the agreement with a prime contractor for the U.S. Government, will help to demonstrate the advantages of our satellite-based Cellular Broadband service in the market. These market activities will commence while we continue the development and testing of the next generation of commercial BB satellites.

Our Block 2 BB satellites are expected to derive greater performance through the introduction of our own AST5000 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (“ASIC”) chip, which we believe will enable materially greater throughput capacity of up to 40 MHz per beam to support 120 Mbps peak data rates and up to 10,000 MHz of processing bandwidth per Block 2 BB satellite, require less power and offer a lower overall unit cost. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we have completed the design and tape-out of our ASIC chip. Until the qualification and assembly of our ASIC chip is complete, we expect to continue to manufacture and launch Block 2 BB satellites that are based on a FPGA (“Field Programmable Gate Arrays”) chip. The Block 2 BB satellites are expected to be approximately 2,400 square feet in size, almost 3.5 times bigger than the Block 1 BB satellites, and will have the largest phased array ever deployed in a LEO for commercial use exceeding the phased array of the BW3 test satellite and the Block 1 BB satellites. We believe the larger aperture array is expected to provide greater spectrum reuse, enhanced signal strength and increased capacity, thereby reducing the necessary number of satellites to achieve service coverage as compared to smaller apertures.

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We continue to make progress towards the completion of the design and development of our Block 2 BB satellites. We believe we will benefit from the skills, technological expertise, and manufacturing know-how derived from the assembly and testing of our Block 1 BB satellite in the development and assembly of our Block 2 BB satellites. We are vertically integrated for manufacturing of satellite components and subsystems to reduce our dependency on suppliers, ensure timely supply of satellite components and subsystems to meet our launch timeline, and lower the overall cost of BB satellites. We own or license the IP and control the manufacturing process, either internally or with contract manufacturers, for approximately 95% of the sub-systems planned to be used in our Block 2 BB satellites. We began the design and development of the Block 2 BB satellites prior to the design and development of Block 1 BB satellites. We have secured agreements and placed orders for procurement of components and subsystems required for manufacturing of Block 2 BB satellites. We have commenced manufacturing the components and subsystems for Block 2 BB satellites. We have entered into an agreement with a launch service provider to launch the first Block 2 BB satellite. While the agreement has a preliminary launch window in the first quarter of 2025, the agreement allows us to alter the launch window, at our option and at no additional cost, subject to the launch vehicle provider’s launch schedule availability. The exact timing of the launch has not been determined and is contingent on a number of factors, including satisfactory and timely completion of the design, assembly and testing of the Block 2 BB satellite, regulatory approvals, availability of launch windows by the launch providers, logistics, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

We are developing a phased satellite deployment plan and corresponding commercial launch plan of the SpaceMobile Service based on targeted geographical areas to provide the SpaceMobile Service to the most commercially attractive MNO markets. This prioritization of coverage is designed to minimize the capital required to initiate and operate commercial service that generates cash flows from operating activities sooner. We expect that such a successful commercial service would enable us to attract additional capital to continue to assemble and launch additional BB satellites to expand our capacity and geographic coverage area, although there can be no assurance that such capital would be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

We plan to achieve service in the selected, targeted geographical areas with the launch and operation of 25 BB satellites and achieve substantial service in all targeted geographical areas to meet our long term business goals with the launch and operation of approximately 95 BB satellites. We anticipate launching and deploying additional satellites beyond the initial 95 satellites in order to enhance coverage and system capacity in response to incremental market demand. Our current plan is subject to numerous uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including timely supply of materials and components, satisfactory and timely completion of design, assembly and testing of the satellites, availability of launch vehicles aligned with our timeline, availability of launch windows by the launch providers, proposed orbits and resulting satellite coverage, launch costs, ability to enter into agreements with MNOs, regulatory approvals, our ability to raise capital, and other factors. We may adopt a strategy for commercial launch of the SpaceMobile Service, including the nature and type of services offered and the geographic areas where we may launch such services, that may differ materially from our current plan.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Midland International Air & Space Port, 2901 Enterprise Lane, Midland, Texas 79706, and our telephone number is (432) 276-3966. Our website address is www.ast-science.com. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus supplement, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

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THE OFFERING

Class A Common Stock Offered by Us Shares of our Class A Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000.

Manner of Offering Sales of shares of our Class A Common Stock under this prospectus supplement may be made by any method deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. Subject to the terms of the Sales Agreement, the agents will make all sales using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules, and regulations and the rules of Nasdaq, on mutually agreeable terms between the agents and us. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Shares of Common Stock Outstanding Immediately Following This Offering 171,640,158 shares, reflecting 158,039,342 shares outstanding as of September 3, 2024 and assuming the sale of 13,600,816 shares of our Class A Common Stock in this offering at an offering price of $29.41 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on September 3, 2024. The actual number of shares of our Class A Common Stock issued will vary depending on the sale price under this offering.

The number of shares does not reflect our Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock. As of September 3, 2024, 39,747,447 shares of our Class B Common Stock and 78,163,078 shares of our Class C Common Stock were issued and outstanding.

Voting Under our Charter, holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval, except as required by applicable law. Holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval. Prior to the Sunset Date, as defined in the Stockholders’ Agreement, the holders of Class C Common Stock are entitled to the lesser of (i) 10 votes per share and (ii) the Class C Share Voting Amount on all matters submitted to stockholders for their vote or approval. See “Description of Securities” in the prospectus for more information.

Use of Proceeds We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock for general corporate purposes. Our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of our Class A Common Stock offered by this prospectus supplement. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Risk Factors See the section titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and in the documents incorporated herein by reference for a discussion of certain factors you should

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carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our Class A Common Stock.

Market for Class A Common Stock Our Class A Common Stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ASTS.”

Share totals do not reflect:

(i) 7,536,372 shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the SpaceMobile 2020 Incentive Award Plan;

(ii) shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the 124,879,299 AST LLC Common Units and the shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued in connection with the vesting and conversion of Incentive Equity Units (as defined in the A&R Operating Agreement), each of which are redeemable into either shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis or cash at the option of the Redemption Election Committee. Upon redemption of any number of AST LLC Common Units by a holder, a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock held by such redeeming holder will be cancelled;

(iii) 11,155,868 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the Company’s outstanding Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants; or

(iv) 25,732,053 shares of Class A Common Stock (excluding any additional shares that may need to be issued if we elect to pay interest in kind on the Private Placement Notes) that may be issued upon conversion of the Private Placement Notes.

Except as otherwise indicated, the information in this prospectus supplement assumes that there has been no exercise of Public Warrants or Private Placement Warrants outstanding as of September 3, 2024.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Class A Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. Before purchasing any shares of our Class A Common Stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as any amendment, supplement or update to the risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, and all of the other information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. You should carefully review and consider the risks and uncertainties described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, as supplemented and modified by the information below. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. If any of such risks or the risks described below or in our SEC filings occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our Class A Common Stock could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment.

Risks Related to this Offering

We have broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds from this offering, and we may not use these proceeds effectively or in ways with which you agree.

We have not designated any portion of the net proceeds from this offering to be used for any particular purpose. Our management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not increase the market price of our Class A Common Stock. See “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus supplement for a more detailed information.

You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock you purchase.

The offering price per share of our Class A Common Stock in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 13,600,816 shares of our Class A Common Stock are sold pursuant to this prospectus supplement at a price of $29.41 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on September 3, 2024, for aggregate net proceeds of $389,700,000, after deducting estimated commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, you would experience immediate dilution of $25.52 per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024 after giving effect to this offering and the assumed offering price.

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings, and in light of our intense current and future capital needs, such dilution may be substantial.

In order to execute our business plans, we will need a significant amount of capital. We will incur significant expenses and capital expenditures in the near term and in the future to further our business plan and develop the SpaceMobile Service, including expenses to:

• design, develop, assemble and launch our satellites;

• design and develop the components of the SpaceMobile Service;

• conduct research and development;

• purchase raw materials and components;

• launch and test our systems;

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• expand our design, development, maintenance and repair capabilities; and

• increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations.

Because we will incur much of the costs and expenses from these efforts before we receive any revenues with respect thereto, our losses in future periods will be significant. Also, we have in the past and may in the future find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate, as our business plan is dependent upon our ability to successfully launch satellites and build the SpaceMobile Service, but also to control costs. Design, manufacture and launch of satellite systems are highly complex and historically have been subject to frequent delays and cost over-runs. Given the novelty of our business, there is no guarantee that our capital needs will not increase, and such increases may be substantial.

We expect to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities, or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions or commercial partners, although our ability to access the capital markets during this period of volatility may require us to modify our current expectations. We may in the future offer additional shares of our Class A Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Class A Common Stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our Class A Common Stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into Class A Common Stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering. We may also issue equity to companies that we partner with in certain circumstances. Given the substantial capital needs of our business and business plans, any such dilution may be substantial.

It is not possible to predict the aggregate proceeds resulting from sales made under the Sales Agreement.

Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the agents at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement. The number of shares that are sold through the agents after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of our Class A Common Stock during the sales period, any limits we may set with the agents in any applicable placement notice, and the demand for our Class A Common Stock. Because the price per share of each share sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will fluctuate over time, it is not currently possible to predict the aggregate proceeds to be raised in connection with sales under the Sales Agreement.

The Class A Common Stock offered hereby will be sold in “at the market offerings,” and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and accordingly may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and number of shares sold in this offering. In addition, subject to the final determination by our Board of Directors or any restrictions we may place in any applicable placement notice delivered to the agents, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We may issue and sell shares of our Class A Common Stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $400,000,000 from time to time. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of Class A Common Stock that we are offering may be up to approximately $389.7 million, after deducting the agents’ commission and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We expect to use the proceeds that we receive from this offering for general corporate purposes. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses, and the respective amounts we may allocate to those uses, for any net proceeds we receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds.

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DILUTION

If you purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our Class A Common Stock and the net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock after this offering. As of June 30, 2024, our net tangible book value was $241.9 million, or $1.63 per share of Class A Common Stock. We calculate net tangible book value per share by dividing our net tangible assets (total tangible assets less total liabilities) by the number of outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock.

After giving effect to the sale by us of our Class A Common Stock in the aggregate amount of $400,000,000 in this offering at an assumed offering price of $29.41 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on September 3, 2024, and after deducting estimated commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, our adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2024 would have been approximately $631.6 million, or $3.89 per share of Class A Common Stock. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $2.26 per share of our Class A Common Stock to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $25.52 per share of our Class A Common Stock to purchasers in this offering. The following table illustrates the dilution on a per share basis to new investors participating in this offering:

Assumed public offering price per share			$	29.41
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024	$	1.63
Increase per share attributable to new investors in this offering	$	2.26
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024 after giving effect to this offering			$	3.89
Dilution per share to new investors in this offering			$	25.52

The table above assumes, for illustrative purposes, that an aggregate of 13,600,816 shares of our Class A Common Stock are sold at a price of $29.41 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on September 3, 2024, for aggregate gross proceeds of $400,000,000. An increase of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares of our Class A Common Stock are sold from the assumed offering price of $29.41 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of the shares of our Class A Common Stock in the aggregate amount of $400,000,000 are sold at that price, would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock after the offering to $3.90 per share and would increase the dilution in net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock to new investors to $26.51 per share, after deducting estimated commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $29.41 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of the shares of our Class A Common Stock in the aggregate amount of $400,000,000 are sold at that price, would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock after the offering to $3.88 per share and would decrease the dilution in net tangible book value per share of our Class A Common Stock to new investors to $24.53 per share, after deducting estimated commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. This information is supplied for illustrative purposes only and may differ based on the actual offering price and the actual number of shares of our Class A Common Stock sold in this offering.

The number of shares of our Class A Common Stock expected to be outstanding immediately after this offering included in the table above is based on 162,351,926 shares of our Class A Common Stock, reflective of the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024, and does not reflect issuances subsequent to June 30, 2024, the last date for which financial statements of the Company are available. Share totals also do not reflect 7,536,372 shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the SpaceMobile 2020 Incentive Award Plan, shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the 124,879,299 AST

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LLC Common Units and the shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued in connection with the vesting and conversion of Incentive Equity Units (as defined in the A&R Operating Agreement), each of which are redeemable into either shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis or cash at the option of the Redemption Election Committee, 11,155,868 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the Company’s outstanding Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants, or 25,732,053 shares of Class A Common Stock (excluding any additional shares that may need to be issued if we elect to pay interest in kind on the Private Placement Notes) underlying the Company’s outstanding Private Placement Notes.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have not declared or paid any dividends on our Common Stock to date. We do not currently intend to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including our future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We have entered into the Sales Agreement with the agents, under which from time to time we may issue and sell shares of our Class A Common Stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $400,000,000 through the agents acting as sales agents. Sales of the shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, may be made on Nasdaq at market prices and such other sales as agreed upon by us and the agents (including directly to the agents as principals). We will file the Sales Agreement as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on September 5, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.

Upon delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the agents may offer and sell shares of our Class A Common Stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on or through Nasdaq or any other existing trading market in the United States for our Class A Common Stock, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise, directly to the agents as principals, in negotiated transactions (including block trades), at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices and/or in any other method permitted by law. We may instruct the agents not to sell Class A Common Stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us from time to time. We or the agents may suspend or terminate this offering of our Class A Common Stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.

We will pay each agent a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold through it as our agent under the Sales Agreement. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions, and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We have also agreed to reimburse a portion of the agents’ expenses, including legal fees, in connection with entering into the transactions contemplated by the Sales Agreement. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding commissions and expense reimbursement payable to the agents, will be approximately $309,000.

Settlement for sales of shares of our Class A Common Stock will occur on the first trading day following the date on which any sales are made, or on some other date that is agreed upon by us and the agents in connection with a particular transaction, in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust, or similar arrangement. Sales of our Class A Common Stock as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and the agents may agree upon.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, each agent will act as our sales agent and use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable laws and regulations to sell on our behalf all of the shares of our Class A Common Stock designated for sale by us. In connection with the sale of the Class A Common Stock on our behalf, each agent may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of each agent may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the agents against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The offering of shares of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (1) the sale of all shares of our Class A Common Stock subject to the Sales Agreement, (2) termination of the Sales Agreement by either us or the agents, as permitted therein, or (3) September 5, 2027.

Each agent and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Each agent and their respective affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking, commercial banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these engagements.

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In addition, in the ordinary course of its business activities, each agent and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments, including serving as counterparties to certain derivative and hedging arrangements, and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. Each agent and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

This summary of the material provisions of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by the agents, and the agents may distribute this prospectus electronically.

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MATERIAL UNITED STATES TAX CONSEQUENCES

TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK

This section summarizes certain United States federal income and estate tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Class A Common Stock by a non-U.S. holder. You are a non-U.S. holder if you are not, for United States federal income tax purposes:

• an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States,

• a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia,

• an estate subject to United States federal income tax on a net income basis on income or gain from Class A Common Stock, or

• a trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

This section does not consider the specific facts and circumstances that may be relevant to a particular non-U.S. holder and does not address the treatment of a non-U.S. holder under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing jurisdiction, special tax rules or regimes that may apply to particular non-U.S. holders, or tax consequences under an applicable income tax treaty. This section is based on the tax laws of the United States, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.

We assume in this discussion that each non-U.S. holder holds the Class A Common Stock as a capital asset (generally, property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.

This discussion also does not address the tax treatment of entities or arrangements classified as a partnership or other entities that are passthrough entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If an entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes holds the Class A Common Stock, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding the Class A Common Stock should consult its tax advisor with regard to the United States federal income tax treatment of an investment in the Class A Common Stock.

This discussion is for informational purposes only and is not, and is not intended to be, legal or tax advice. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income, estate and other considerations of acquiring, holding and disposing of the Class A Common Stock.

Dividends

If we make a distribution of cash or other property (other than certain distributions of our stock) in respect of our Class A Common Stock, the distribution generally will be treated as a dividend to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. Any portion of a distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits will generally be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, on a share-by-share basis, to the extent of your tax basis in our Class A Common Stock (and will reduce your basis in such Class A Common Stock), and, to the extent such portion exceeds your tax basis in our Class A Common Stock, the excess will be treated as gain from the taxable disposition of the Class A Common Stock, the tax treatment of which is discussed below under “Gain on Disposition of Class A Common Stock”.

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Except as described below, dividends paid to you on Class A Common Stock are subject to withholding of United States federal income tax at a 30% rate or at a lower rate if you are eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate. Even if you are eligible for a lower treaty rate, the withholding agent will generally be required to withhold at a 30% rate (rather than the lower treaty rate) on dividend payments to you, unless you have furnished to the withholding agent:

• a valid Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E or an acceptable substitute form upon which you certify, under penalties of perjury, your status as a non-United States person and your entitlement to the lower treaty rate with respect to such payments, or

• in the case of payments made outside the United States to an offshore account (generally, an account maintained by you at an office or branch of a bank or other financial institution at any location outside the United States), other documentary evidence establishing your entitlement to the lower treaty rate in accordance with U.S. Treasury regulations.

If you are eligible for a reduced rate of United States withholding tax under a tax treaty, you may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of that rate by filing a refund claim with the United States IRS.

If dividends paid to you are “effectively connected” with your conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and, if required by a tax treaty, the dividends are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States, withholding agents are generally not required to withhold tax from the dividends, provided that you have furnished to the withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI or an acceptable substitute form upon which you represent, under penalties of perjury, that:

• you are a non-United States person, and

• the dividends are effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business within the United States and are includible in your gross income.

“Effectively connected” dividends are taxed at rates applicable to United States citizens, resident aliens and domestic United States corporations.

If you are a corporate non-U.S. holder, “effectively connected” dividends that you receive may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or at a lower rate if you are eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate.

Gain on Disposition of Class A Common Stock

You generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax on gain that you recognize on a disposition of Class A Common Stock unless:

• the gain is “effectively connected” with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States, if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting you to United States taxation on a net income basis,

• you are an individual, you hold the Class A Common Stock as a capital asset, you are present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions exist, or

• we are or have been a “United States real property holding corporation” (as described below), at any time within the five-year period preceding the disposition or your holding period, whichever period is shorter, you are not eligible for a treaty exemption, and either (i) our Class A Common Stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market during the calendar year in which the sale or disposition occurs or (ii) you owned or are deemed to have owned, at any time within the five-year period preceding the disposition or your holding period, whichever period is shorter, more than 5% of our Class A Common Stock.

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If the gain from the taxable disposition of shares of our Class A Common Stock is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by a tax treaty, the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States), you will be subject to tax on the net gain derived from the sale at rates applicable to United States citizens, resident aliens and domestic United States corporations. If you are a corporate non-U.S. holder, “effectively connected” gains that you recognize may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or at a lower rate if you are eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate. If you are an individual non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet point immediately above, you will be subject to a flat 30% tax (unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise) on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by United States source capital losses, even though you are not considered a resident of the United States.

We will be a United States real property holding corporation at any time that the fair market value of our “United States real property interests,” as defined in the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations, equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our worldwide real property interests and our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business (all as determined for the U.S. federal income tax purposes). We believe that we are not, and do not anticipate becoming in the foreseeable future, a United States real property holding corporation.

FATCA Withholding

Pursuant to sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, commonly known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), a 30% withholding tax (“FATCA withholding”) may be imposed on certain payments to you or to certain foreign financial institutions, investment funds and other non-US persons receiving payments on your behalf if you or such persons fail to comply with certain information reporting requirements. Payments of dividends that you receive in respect of Class A Common Stock could be affected by this withholding if you are subject to the FATCA information reporting requirements and fail to comply with them or if you hold Class A Common Stock through a non-US person (e.g., a foreign bank or broker) that fails to comply with these requirements and other due diligence and certification requirements that apply to such financial institutions under FATCA (even if payments to you would not otherwise have been subject to FATCA withholding). You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the relevant U.S. law and other official guidance on FATCA withholding.

Federal Estate Taxes

Class A Common Stock held by a non-U.S. holder at the time of death will be included in the holder’s gross estate for United States federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

We and other payors are required to report payments of dividends on Class A Common Stock on IRS Form 1042-S even if the payments are exempt from withholding. You are otherwise generally exempt from backup withholding and information reporting requirements with respect to dividend payments and the payment of the proceeds from the sale of Class A Common Stock effected at a United States office of a broker provided that either (i) you have furnished a valid IRS Form W-8 or other documentation upon which the payor or broker may rely to treat the payments as made to a non-United States person, or (ii) you otherwise establish an exemption.

Payment of the proceeds from the sale of Class A Common Stock effected at a foreign office of a foreign broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, a sale effected at a foreign office of a broker could be subject to information reporting in the same manner as a sale within the United States (and in certain cases may be subject to backup withholding as well) if (i) the broker has certain connections to the United States, (ii) the proceeds or confirmation are sent to the United States or (iii) the sale has certain other specified connections with the United States. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them.

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Copies of information returns may be made available to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is incorporated under the provisions of a specific tax treaty or agreement.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a non-U.S. holder can be refunded or credited against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that an appropriate claim is timely filed with the IRS.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by McGuireWoods LLP, Richmond, Virginia. Certain legal matters will also be passed upon for the agents by Duane Morris LLP, New York, New York.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus have been so incorporated in reliance of the report of KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is www.ast-science.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus supplement.

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Statements in this prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus supplement, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus supplement, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus supplement or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus supplement incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024;

• our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024, and for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 14, 2024;

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• our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 18, 2024, January  23, 2024, January  29, 2024, May  6, 2024, May  29, 2024, June  4, 2024, June  7, 2024, June  25, 2024, June  25, 2024, July  25, 2024, August 28, 2024 and September 4, 2024 (excluding any information furnished in such reports under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01); and

• the description of our common stock contained in Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, and any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating the description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of this offering, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and deemed to be part of this prospectus supplement from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

We will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus supplement is delivered, upon written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests may be made by telephone at (432) 276-3966, or by sending a written request to AST SpaceMobile, Inc., Midland International Air & Space Port, 2901 Enterprise Lane, Midland, Texas 79706, Attention: Secretary.

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PROSPECTUS

AST SPACEMOBILE, INC.

Class A Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Depositary Shares

Warrants

Purchase Contracts

Units

Subscription Rights

From time to time, in one or more series, we may offer to sell the securities identified above. This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities and the general manner in which they may be offered. The specific terms of any securities to be offered, and the specific manner in which they may be offered, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus. A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the applicable offering.

Our shares of Class A Common Stock are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “ASTS.” On September 3, 2024, the closing sale price per share of our Class A Common Stock was $29.41. Our public warrants are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “ASTSW.” On September 3, 2024, the closing sale price per public warrant was $17.89.

We may offer and sell the securities directly, through agents, dealers or underwriters as designated from time to time, or through a combination of these methods.

Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 4 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under this prospectus or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is September 5, 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		2
RISK FACTORS		4
OUR COMPANY		5
USE OF PROCEEDS		8
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES		9
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		27
LEGAL MATTERS		29
EXPERTS		29
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		30

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. This prospectus is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than that date.

TRADEMARKS

This document contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ^® or ^TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to:

• “A&R Operating Agreement” refers to that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of AST LLC.

• “American Tower” refers to ATC TRS II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Antares” refers to Antares Technologies LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “AST Equityholders” refers to Avellan, Antares, Vodafone, American Tower and Rakuten USA.

• “AST LLC” refers to AST & Science, LLC, a Delaware limited liability corporation.

• “AST LLC Common Unit” means a unit of ownership interest in AST LLC, which entitles the holder thereof to the distributions, allocations and other rights under the A&R Operating Agreement.

• “AT&T” refers to AT&T Venture Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Avellan” refers to Abel Avellan.

• “BB satellites” refers to our BlueBird satellites.

• “Block 1 BB satellites” refers to our first generation of commercial BB satellites.

• “Block 2 BB satellites” refers to our next generation of commercial BB satellites.

• “Board of Directors” refers to our board of directors.

• “Business Combination” refers to the transactions contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement.

• “Bylaws” refers to our Amended and Restated Bylaws.

• “Cellular Broadband” refers to cellular communications at 4G LTE/5G speeds.

• “Charter” refers to our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

• “Class A Common Stock” means the shares of class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class B Common Stock” means the shares of class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class C Common Stock” means the shares of class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

• “Class C Share Voting Amount” is to the “Class C Share Voting Amount,” as such term is defined in the Charter, which is a number of votes per share equal to (i) (x) 88.31% of the total voting power of the outstanding voting stock of the Company, minus (y) the total voting power of the outstanding stock of the Company (other than Class C Common Stock) owned or controlled by Avellan and his permitted transferees, divided by (ii) the number of shares of Class C Common Stock then outstanding.

• “Closing” refers to the completion of the Business Combination.

• “Common Stock” refers collectively to Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock.

• “Equity Purchase Agreement” refers to that certain Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2020, by and among AST LLC, New Providence Acquisition Corp., New Providence Management LLC, the AST Existing Equityholder Representative and the Existing Equityholders.

• “Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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• “Existing Equityholder(s)” refers to the equityholders of AST LLC pursuant to the Prior AST Operating Agreement.

• “Invesat” refers to Invesat LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “MNOs” refers to Mobile Network Operators.

• “Prior AST Operating Agreement” refers to that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of AST LLC.

• “Public Warrants” refers to the warrants sold by the Company as part of the units in its initial public offering and any additional warrants issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement that trade with the outstanding public warrants.

• “Rakuten USA” refers to Rakuten Mobile USA Service Inc., a Delaware corporation.

• “Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

• “SpaceMobile Service” refers to the mobile broadband network that is expected to provide connectivity to standard, unmodified, off-the-shelf mobile phones or 2G/4G LTE/5G devices from the Company’s satellite network.

• “Sponsor” refers to New Providence Acquisition Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Stockholders’ Agreement” refers to that certain Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2024, by and among the Company, AST Equityholders and AT&T.

• “Sunset Date” refers to the Sunset Date described in the Stockholders’ Agreement, which is the earliest to occur of (i) Avellan’s retirement or resignation from the Board of Directors, (ii) the date on which Avellan and his permitted transferees beneficially own less than 20% of the Class A Common Stock that Avellan beneficially owns as of immediately after the Closing and (iii) Avellan’s death or permanent incapacitation.

• “Verizon” refers to Verizon Communications Inc., a Delaware corporation.

• “Verizon Ventures” refers to Verizon Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

• “Vodafone” refers to Vodafone Ventures Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales.

• “Warrant Agreement” refers to that certain Warrant Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2019, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company.

• “2G,” “3G” and “5G” each refer to generations of mobile technology.

• “4G LTE” refers to fourth generation long-term evolution.

Additionally, references in this prospectus to “SpaceMobile,” the “Company,” the “registrant,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to AST SpaceMobile, Inc. (formerly known as New Providence Acquisition Corp.), and references to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings in an unlimited amount. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.

Each time we sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities offered.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

• our strategies and future financial performance, including our business plans or objectives, products and services, pricing, marketing plans, operating expenses, market trends, revenues, liquidity, cash flows and uses of cash and capital expenditures;

• expected functionality of the SpaceMobile Service;

• the timing of the assembly, integration and testing as well as regulatory approvals for the launch of our Block 1 BB satellites;

• anticipated timing and level of deployment of satellites and anticipated developments in technology included in our satellites;

• anticipated demand and acceptance of mobile satellite services;

• anticipated costs necessary to execute our business plan, many of which are preliminary estimates subject to change based upon a variety of factors, including but not limited to our success in deploying and testing our constellation of satellites;

• anticipated timing of our needs for capital or expected incurrence of future costs;

• prospective performance and commercial opportunities and competitors;

• our ability to continue to raise funds to finance our operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditures;

• commercial partnership acquisition and retention;

• the negotiation of definitive agreements with MNOs and governmental entities relating to the SpaceMobile Service that would supersede preliminary agreements and memoranda of understanding;

• our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

• our expansion plans and opportunities, including the size of our addressable market;

• our ability to comply with domestic and foreign regulatory regimes and the timing of obtaining regulatory approvals;

• changes in applicable laws or regulations;

• our ability to invest in growth initiatives and enter into new geographic markets;

• the possibility we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

• the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against us;

• our ability to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest in the ordinary course of our business; and

• other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties.

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Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance could be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully review the risk factors contained under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any risk factors that we may describe in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, or Current Reports on Form 8-K filed subsequently, which risk factors are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the information contained under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus or under any similar heading in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any document incorporated herein or therein by reference, any specific risk factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any document incorporated herein or therein by reference and the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described in our SEC filings are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also harm our business. If any such risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

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OUR COMPANY

We are building the first and only global Cellular Broadband network in space to be accessible directly by everyday smartphones (2G/4G-LTE/5G devices) for commercial use, and other applications for government use utilizing our extensive intellectual property (“IP”) and patent portfolio. Our SpaceMobile Service is being designed to provide cost-effective, high-speed Cellular Broadband services to end-users who are out of terrestrial cellular coverage using existing mobile devices. The SpaceMobile Service currently is planned to be provided by a constellation of high-powered, large phased-array satellites in Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) using low band and middle band spectrum controlled by MNOs. We are headquartered in Texas where we operate 185,000 square feet satellite assembly, integrating and testing facilities. Our IP portfolio is diverse, containing numerous and various innovations of the direct-to-cell satellite ecosystem from space to Earth. Our IP portfolio consists of 36 patent families worldwide. As of June 30, 2024, we had more than 3,400 patent and patent pending claims worldwide, of which approximately 1,240 have been officially granted or allowed.

We intend to work with MNOs to offer the SpaceMobile Service to the MNOs’ end-user customers. Our vision is that users will not need to subscribe to the SpaceMobile Service directly through us, nor will they need to purchase any new or additional equipment. Instead, users will be able to access the SpaceMobile Service when prompted on their mobile device that they are no longer within range of the land-based facilities of the MNO operator or will be able to purchase a plan directly with their existing mobile provider. We intend to seek to use a revenue-sharing business model for SpaceMobile Service in our agreements with MNOs.

The SpaceMobile Service is expected to be highly attractive to MNOs as it will enable them to improve and differentiate their service offering without significant incremental capital investments. The SpaceMobile Service is expected to enable MNOs to augment and extend their coverage without building towers or other land-based infrastructure, including where it is not cost-justified or is difficult due to geographical challenges. As a result of the incremental coverage created by the planned SpaceMobile Service, we believe that MNOs will have the opportunity to increase subscribers’ average revenue per user.

On April 1, 2019, we launched our first test satellite, BW1, which was used to validate our satellite to cellular architecture and was capable of managing communications delays from LEO and the effects of doppler in a satellite to ground cellular environment using the 4G-LTE protocol.

We launched our BlueWalker 3 (“BW3”) test satellite on September 10, 2022, and announced the completion of the deployment of the communication phased array antenna of the BW3 test satellite in orbit on November 14, 2022. On April 25, 2023, we announced that we had successfully completed two-way voice calls directly to standard unmodified smartphones using the BW3 test satellite. On June 21, 2023, we announced that we had achieved repeated successful 4G download speeds of above 10 megabits per second (“Mbps”) to standard unmodified smartphones using the BW3 test satellite. On September 19, 2023, we announced that we had achieved repeated successful two-way voice calls directly to standard unmodified smartphones using 5G connectivity and successful download speeds of approximately 14 Mbps utilizing 5 megahertz (“Mhz”) of low band spectrum via the BW3 test satellite. Since then, we have achieved successful download speeds above 21 Mbps, spectral efficiency of approximately 3 bits per hertz, and have also successfully completed initial in-orbit and ground testing for non-communication government applications. We intend to continue testing capabilities of the BW3 test satellite, including further testing with cellular service providers and the government.

In July 2024, we completed the final assembly, integration and testing of five of our Block 1 BB satellites. The Block 1 BB satellites are of similar size and weight to the BW3 test satellite, include our own designed array solar panels and battery systems, and are expected to have ten times higher throughput than the BW3 test satellite. The five Block 1 BB satellites are currently at the launch site awaiting an orbital launch targeted for on or after September 12, 2024. The exact timing of orbital launch is subject to change based on a number of factors, including launch readiness of the launch provider, weather conditions, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

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The SpaceMobile Service has not been launched and therefore has not yet generated any revenue. Following the launch and deployment of five Block 1 BB satellites, we currently plan to initiate a limited, noncontinuous SpaceMobile Service in targeted geographical areas, including in the United States, and seek to generate revenue from such service. Prior to initiating SpaceMobile Service in each jurisdiction, we will need to obtain regulatory approvals in each jurisdiction where we would provide such service and would need to enter into commercial agreements with MNOs relating to the offering of such service in each jurisdiction. We have received an initial license from the United States Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) to launch and operate V, S and UHF frequencies to support gateway, feeder link and telemetry, tracking, and control operations for the first five Block 1 BB satellites in the United States. We have entered into a space-based wireless connectivity agreement with AT&T Services, Inc. (“AT&T Services”) to provide SpaceMobile Service to AT&T Services’ end users for use within the continental United States (excluding Alaska) and Hawaii. We also plan to enter into similar commercial agreements with Verizon in the United States. Before we begin providing full commercial SpaceMobile Service in the United States, we will need to obtain additional approvals from the FCC. We are expanding our efforts on ground infrastructure development for commercial readiness and integrating our SpaceMobile Service into the MNOs’ infrastructure to enable us to initiate commercial services.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2024, we have recognized revenue from completion of performance obligations under an agreement with a prime contractor for the U.S. Government and expect to continue to recognize revenue throughout 2024 as and when we complete the remaining performance obligations under the agreement. In 2024, we expect to begin generating revenue from the resale of gateway equipment and associated services to MNOs and other third parties. We believe initiation of limited, noncontinuous SpaceMobile Service, as well as completing the milestones under the agreement with a prime contractor for the U.S. Government, will help to demonstrate the advantages of our satellite-based Cellular Broadband service in the market. These market activities will commence while we continue the development and testing of the next generation of commercial BB satellites.

Our Block 2 BB satellites are expected to derive greater performance through the introduction of our own AST5000 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (“ASIC”) chip, which we believe will enable materially greater throughput capacity of up to 40 MHz per beam to support 120 Mbps peak data rates and up to 10,000 MHz of processing bandwidth per Block 2 BB satellite, require less power and offer a lower overall unit cost. As of the date of this prospectus, we have completed the design and tape-out of our ASIC chip. Until the qualification and assembly of our ASIC chip is complete, we expect to continue to manufacture and launch Block 2 BB satellites that are based on a FPGA (“Field Programmable Gate Arrays”) chip. The Block 2 BB satellites are expected to be approximately 2,400 square feet in size, almost 3.5 times bigger than the Block 1 BB satellites, and will have the largest phased array ever deployed in a LEO for commercial use exceeding the phased array of the BW3 test satellite and the Block 1 BB satellites. We believe the larger aperture array is expected to provide greater spectrum reuse, enhanced signal strength and increased capacity, thereby reducing the necessary number of satellites to achieve service coverage as compared to smaller apertures.

We continue to make progress towards the completion of the design and development of our Block 2 BB satellites. We believe we will benefit from the skills, technological expertise, and manufacturing know-how derived from the assembly and testing of our Block 1 BB satellite in the development and assembly of our Block 2 BB satellites. We are vertically integrated for manufacturing of satellite components and subsystems to reduce our dependency on suppliers, ensure timely supply of satellite components and subsystems to meet our launch timeline, and lower the overall cost of BB satellites. We own or license the IP and control the manufacturing process, either internally or with contract manufacturers, for approximately 95% of the sub-systems planned to be used in our Block 2 BB satellites. We began the design and development of the Block 2 BB satellites prior to the design and development of Block 1 BB satellites. We have secured agreements and placed orders for procurement of components and subsystems required for manufacturing of Block 2 BB satellites. We have commenced manufacturing the components and subsystems for Block 2 BB satellites. We have entered into an agreement with a launch service provider to launch the first Block 2 BB satellite. While the agreement has a preliminary launch window in the first quarter of 2025, the agreement allows us to alter the launch window, at

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our option and at no additional cost, subject to the launch vehicle provider’s launch schedule availability. The exact timing of the launch has not been determined and is contingent on a number of factors, including satisfactory and timely completion of the design, assembly and testing of the Block 2 BB satellite, regulatory approvals, availability of launch windows by the launch providers, logistics, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

We are developing a phased satellite deployment plan and corresponding commercial launch plan of the SpaceMobile Service based on targeted geographical areas to provide the SpaceMobile Service to the most commercially attractive MNO markets. This prioritization of coverage is designed to minimize the capital required to initiate and operate commercial service that generates cash flows from operating activities sooner. We expect that such a successful commercial service would enable us to attract additional capital to continue to assemble and launch additional BB satellites to expand our capacity and geographic coverage area, although there can be no assurance that such capital would be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

We plan to achieve service in the selected, targeted geographical areas with the launch and operation of 25 BB satellites and achieve substantial service in all targeted geographical areas to meet our long term business goals with the launch and operation of approximately 95 BB satellites. We anticipate launching and deploying additional satellites beyond the initial 95 satellites in order to enhance coverage and system capacity in response to incremental market demand. Our current plan is subject to numerous uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including timely supply of materials and components, satisfactory and timely completion of design, assembly and testing of the satellites, availability of launch vehicles aligned with our timeline, availability of launch windows by the launch providers, proposed orbits and resulting satellite coverage, launch costs, ability to enter into agreements with MNOs, regulatory approvals, our ability to raise capital, and other factors. We may adopt a strategy for commercial launch of the SpaceMobile Service, including the nature and type of services offered and the geographic areas where we may launch such services, that may differ materially from our current plan.

Our principal executive offices are located at Midland International Air & Space Port, 2901 Enterprise Lane, Midland, Texas 79706, and our telephone number is (432) 276-3966. Our website address is www.ast-science.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sales of the securities in the manner set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, which may include general corporate purposes.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize all of the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. The following summary is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of our securities. The full text of the Charter and the Bylaws is included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You are encouraged to read the applicable provisions of Delaware law, the Charter and the Bylaws in their entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our securities. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any securities the particular terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, the terms of the securities may differ from the terms we have summarized below. We may also include in the prospectus supplement information about material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the securities, and the securities exchange, if any, on which the securities will be listed.

Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock

Our Charter authorizes the issuance of 1,225,000,000 shares, of which 800,000,000 shares are shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 200,000,000 shares are shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 125,000,000 shares are shares of Class C Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 100,000,000 shares are shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

As of September 3, 2024, we had approximately 158,039,342 shares of Class A Common Stock, 39,747,447 shares of Class B Common Stock, 78,163,078 shares of Class C Common Stock and approximately 7,152,743 Public Warrants and 4,003,125 private placement warrants to purchase 11,155,868 shares of Class A Common Stock, issued and outstanding. As of such date, there were 27 holders of record of Class A Common Stock, four holders of record of Class B Common Stock, one holder of record of Class C Common Stock and three holders of record of warrants.

Common Stock

Voting

Under our Charter, holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval, except as required by applicable law. Holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval. Prior to the Sunset Date, the holders of Class C Common Stock are entitled to the lesser of (i) 10 votes per share and (ii) the Class C Share Voting Amount on all matters submitted to stockholders for their vote or approval. From and after the Sunset Date, which, as defined in the Stockholders’ Agreement, is the earliest to occur of (i) the retirement or resignation of Avellan from the Board of Directors, (ii) the date on which Avellan and his permitted transferees beneficially own less than 20% of the Class A Common Stock that Avellan beneficially owns as of immediately after the closing of the initial business combination contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement and (iii) Avellan’s death or permanent incapacitation, holders of Class C Common Stock will be entitled to one vote per share.

As of September 3, 2024, Avellan and his permitted transferees control, as a group, approximately 79.8% of the combined voting power of the Common Stock as a result of their ownership of all of the Class C Common Stock. Accordingly, Avellan controls the Company’s business policies and affairs and can control any action requiring the general approval of its stockholders, including the election of our Board of Directors, the adoption of amendments to its certificate of incorporation and bylaws and approval of any merger or sale of substantially all of its assets. Until the Sunset Date, Avellan will continue to control the outcome of matters submitted to the stockholders.

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Dividends

The holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, as and if declared by our Board of Directors out of legally available funds. With respect to stock dividends, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive Class A Common Stock.

The holders of Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock will not have any right to receive dividends other than stock dividends consisting of shares of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock, as applicable, in each case paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock.

Liquidation or Dissolution

Upon our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of all classes of Common Stock are entitled to their respective par value, and the holders of Class A Common Stock will then be entitled to share ratably in those of our assets that are legally available for distribution to stockholders after payment of liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of preferred stock then outstanding. Other than their par value, the holders of Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock will not have any right to receive a distribution upon a liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

Conversion, Transferability and Exchange

Subject to the terms of the A&R Operating Agreement, the members of AST LLC (other than the Company) may from time to time cause AST LLC to redeem any or all of their units of ownership interest in AST LLC that entitle the holder thereof to the distributions, allocations and other rights under the A&R Operating Agreement in exchange for, at the Company’s election (subject to certain exceptions), either cash (based on the market price for a share of the Class A Common Stock) (the “Existing Equityholder Cash Out”) or shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Existing Equityholder Share Settlement”); provided that the Company’s election to effect such redemption as an Existing Equityholder Cash Out or an Existing Equityholder Share Settlement must be approved by a committee of our Board of Directors comprised solely of directors who were not nominated pursuant to the Stockholders’ Agreement or other contractual right by, and are not otherwise affiliated with, holders of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock. At the Company’s election, such transaction may be effectuated via a direct exchange of Class A Common Stock or cash by the Company for the redeemed AST LLC Common Units (an “Existing Equityholder Direct Exchange”).

Our Charter provides that (a) if a holder of Class B Common Stock exercises either the Existing Equityholder Cash Out, or the Existing Equityholder Share Settlement or the Existing Equityholder Direct Exchange (collectively, the “Existing Equityholder Conversion”), then the number of shares of Class B Common Stock held by such holder equal to the number of AST LLC Common Units so redeemed, cashed out or exchanged will automatically be cancelled by the Company for no consideration, and (b) if a holder of Class C Common Stock (i) exercises the Existing Equityholder Cash Out or (ii) exercises the Existing Equityholder Share Settlement or the Existing Equityholder Direct Exchange and subsequently transfers the Class A Common Stock issued in connection with such redemption and exchange to a person or entity other than Avellan and his permitted transferees, then the number of Class C Common Stock held by such holder equal to the number of AST LLC Common Units so redeemed and exchanged then transferred or cashed out will automatically be cancelled by the Company for no consideration. If Avellan and his permitted transferees exercise the Existing Equityholder Conversion, then the voting power of the Class C Common Stock is reduced commensurate with the voting power of the newly issued Class A Common Stock. The voting power of the Class C Common Stock will be further adjusted if Avellan or his permitted transferees transfer Class A Common Stock to a person or entity that is not Avellan or his permitted transferees.

We may not issue Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock such that after the issuance of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock the holder of such stock does not hold an identical number of AST LLC Common Units.

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Other Provisions

None of the Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock has any preemptive or other subscription rights.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors is authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law and our Charter, to determine the terms and conditions of the preferred stock, including whether the shares of preferred stock will be issued in one or more series, the number of shares to be included in each series and the powers (including the voting power), designations, preferences and rights of the shares. Our Board of Directors will also be authorized to designate any qualifications, limitations or restrictions on the shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock, which could have a negative impact on the market price of the Class A Common Stock.

Exclusive Forum

Our Bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless we provide notice in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed to us or to our stockholders by any of our directors, officers or stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), our Charter or our Bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to such Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Our Bylaws further provide that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a provision relating to causes of action arising under the Securities Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. The clauses described above will not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Our Charter and Our Bylaws

The provisions of our Charter and our Bylaws and of the DGCL summarized below may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that you might consider in your best interests, including an attempt that might result in your receipt of a premium over the market price for your shares of Class A Common Stock.

Our Charter and our Bylaws contain certain provisions that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our Board of Directors and that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing our future takeover or change in control unless such takeover or change in control is approved by our Board of Directors.

These provisions include:

Action by Written Consent; Special Meetings of Stockholders. Our Charter provides that stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and cannot be taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Our Charter and our Bylaws also provide that, subject to any special rights of the holders of any

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series of preferred stock and except as otherwise required by applicable law, special meetings of the stockholders can only be called by our Board of Directors, the chairman of our Board of Directors, or, until the earlier of (i) the Sunset Date or (ii) the time we are no longer a “controlled company,” by our secretary at the request of holders representing a majority of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Except as described above, stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting or to require our Board of Directors to call a special meeting.

Advance Notice Procedures. Our Bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, and for stockholder nominations of persons for election to our Board of Directors to be brought before an annual or special meeting of stockholders. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given our Secretary timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business or nomination before the meeting. Although our Bylaws do not give our Board of Directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, as applicable, our Bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

Authorized But Unissued Shares. Our authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock will be available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to, in the case of the Class A Common Stock, the rules of the securities exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is listed. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions, in connection with the redemption or exchange of AST LLC Common Units and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock, coupled with the extraordinary voting right of the Class C Common Stock, could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of a majority of our Common Stock by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders. Our Charter provides that we are not subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with an “interested stockholder” (which includes a person or group owning 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock) for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Accordingly, we are not subject to any anti-takeover effects of Section 203.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our Charter provides that to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, our directors shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Our Bylaws provide that we will provide our directors and officers with indemnification and advancement and prepayment of expenses to the fullest extent permitted by law. We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors that provide them, in general, with indemnification to the fullest extent provided by law in connection with their service to us or on our behalf.

Registration Rights Agreements

In connection with New Providence Acquisition Corp.’s initial public offering, we entered into that certain Registration and Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2019 (the “2019 Registration Rights

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Agreement”), by and among the Company, the Sponsor and the other parties thereto (collectively, the “2019 Holders”) pursuant to which we granted the 2019 Holders certain registration rights with respect to, among other things, the private placement warrants and the shares of Class A Common Stock that were issued at the Closing upon conversion of the 2019 Holders’ founder shares. The 2019 Holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that we register such securities. In addition, the 2019 Holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights and rights to require us to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

On December 16, 2020, we entered into subscription agreements (the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with investors who participated in the Private Investment in Public Equity Investment (such investors, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which we (i) issued an aggregate of 23,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to the PIPE Investors at the Closing and (ii) agreed to register such shares.

At the Closing, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2021, by and among the Company, the Sponsor and the Existing Equityholders (collectively, the “Holders,” such agreement, the “2021 Registration Rights Agreement” and, together with the 2019 Registration Rights Agreement, the “Registration Rights Agreements”) pursuant to which we granted the Holders certain registration rights with respect to the registrable securities of the Company. Among other things, the 2021 Registration Rights Agreement requires us to register the shares of Class A Common Stock issued in connection with the Business Combination and any shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon the redemption of any AST LLC Common Units. The Holders are entitled to: (i) make a written demand for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of their shares of Class A Common Stock (up to a maximum of two demands in any 12-month period) and not more than five times in the aggregate and only if the offering will include registrable securities with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, $50.0 million, and (ii) “piggy-back” registration rights to registration statements filed following the Business Combination. We will bear all of the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statement.

On January 16, 2024, we entered into a Convertible Security Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with AT&T, Google LLC, and Vodafone (together, the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Investors purchased subordinated convertible notes for an aggregate principal amount of $110.0 million (such notes, the “Notes”). On January 22, 2024, in connection with the Investment Agreement, we entered into an Investor and Registration Rights Agreement (the “Investor and Registration Rights Agreement”) with each of the Investors pursuant to which we granted the Investors certain registration rights with respect to their registrable securities of the Company. Among other things, the Investor and Registration Rights Agreement requires us to register the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes. The Investors will be entitled to (i) make a written demand for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of their shares of Class A Common Stock (up to a maximum of three demands) and only if the offering will include registrable securities with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, $50.0 million, and (ii) “piggy-back” registration rights to registration statements filed in the future. We will bear all of the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statement.

On May 23, 2024, Verizon Ventures became a party to the Investment Agreement, pursuant to which Verizon Ventures purchased a subordinated convertible note for an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million (such note, the “Verizon Convertible Note” and such investment, the “Verizon Investment”). The Verizon Convertible Note has the same terms as the Notes except that the Verizon Convertible Note will bear interest only from its date of issuance. In connection with the Verizon Investment, Verizon Ventures executed a joinder to become a party to the Investor and Registration Rights Agreement.

On June 4, 2024, we, the Holders and Antares entered into Amendment No. 1 and Joinder to Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement Amendment”), which amends certain terms and conditions of the 2021 Registration Rights Agreement. The Registration Rights Agreement Amendment removes

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Invesat as a party and adds Antares as a party to the Registration Rights Agreement as well as assigning and designating all of the rights and obligations of Invesat under the 2021 Registration Rights Agreement to Antares. Additionally, the Registration Rights Agreement Amendment streamlines the process for effecting blocker merger transactions as provided under A&R Operating Agreement.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent for our Common Stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. Each person investing in our Class A Common Stock held through The Depository Trust Company must rely on the procedures thereof and on institutions that have accounts therewith to exercise any rights of a holder of our Class A Common Stock.

For as long as any shares of our Class A Common Stock are listed on Nasdaq or on any other stock exchange operating in the United States, the laws of the State of New York shall apply to the property law aspects of our Class A Common Stock (including securities exercisable for or convertible into our Class A Common Stock) reflected in the register administered by our transfer agent.

We have listed shares of our Class A Common Stock in registered form and such shares, through the transfer agent, will not be certificated. We have appointed Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company as our agent in New York to maintain our stockholders’ register on behalf of our Board of Directors and to act as transfer agent and registrar for our Class A Common Stock. Shares of our Class A Common Stock are traded on Nasdaq in book-entry form.

The warrant agent for the warrants is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Listing of Class A Common Stock and Warrants

Our Class A Common Stock and Public Warrants (as discussed below) are listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “ASTS” and “ASTSW,” respectively.

Debt Securities—Senior Debt Securities and Subordinated Debt Securities

We may sell debt securities, including senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities, which may be senior or subordinated in priority of payment. We will provide a prospectus supplement that describes the ranking, whether senior or subordinated, the level of seniority or subordination (as applicable), the specific designation, the aggregate principal amount, the purchase price, the maturity, the redemption terms, the interest rate or manner of calculating the interest rate, the time of payment of interest, if any, the terms for any conversion or exchange, including the terms relating to the adjustment of any conversion or exchange mechanism, the listing, if any, on a securities exchange and any other specific terms of any debt securities that we may issue from time to time.

As required by U.S. federal law for all bonds and notes of companies that are publicly offered, our debt securities will be governed by a document called an indenture. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture, in each case, with the specific terms and conditions set forth in a supplemental indenture or company order.

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that may be issued under the applicable indenture is unlimited. The debt securities may be issued in one or more series as may be authorized from time to time. The prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities will describe the specific terms of such debt securities. Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the

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holders of the debt securities of such series or any other series outstanding at the time of issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of securities under the applicable indenture.

United States federal income tax consequences and special considerations, if any, applicable to any such series will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange.

We expect the debt securities to be issued in fully registered form without coupons. Subject to the limitations provided in the applicable indenture and in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities that are issued in registered form may be transferred or exchanged at the designated corporate trust office of the trustee, without the payment of any service charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The law governing the indenture and the debt securities will be identified in the prospectus supplement relating to the applicable indenture and debt securities.

Depositary Shares

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the depositary shares and depositary receipts that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future depositary shares or depositary receipts we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any depositary shares or depositary receipts that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of deposit agreement that describes the terms of the depositary shares and depositary receipts we may offer before the issuance thereof. The following summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all provisions of the deposit agreement applicable to a particular offering of depositary shares or depositary receipts. We urge you to read any applicable prospectus supplement related to the depositary shares or depositary receipts that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete deposit agreement. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each deposit agreement relating to depositary shares or depositary receipts offered under this prospectus.

Description of Depositary Shares

We may offer depositary shares evidenced by depositary receipts. Each depositary share represents a fraction or a multiple of a share of the particular series of preferred stock issued and deposited with a depositary to be designated by us. The fraction or the multiple of a share of preferred stock that each depositary share

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represents will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will deposit the preferred shares of any series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares according to the provisions of a deposit agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company that we will select as our preferred stock depositary. We will name the depositary in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each holder of a depositary share will be entitled to all the rights and preferences of the underlying preferred stock in proportion to the applicable fraction or multiple of a share of preferred stock represented by the depositary share. These rights may include dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights. The depositary will send the holders of depositary shares all reports and communications that we deliver to the depositary and which we are required to furnish to the holders of depositary shares.

Depositary Receipts

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to anyone who is buying the fractional shares of preferred stock in accordance with the terms of the applicable prospectus supplement. While definitive engraved depositary receipts (certificates) are being prepared, we may instruct the depositary to issue temporary depositary receipts, which will entitle holders to all the rights of the definitive depositary receipts and be substantially in the same form. The depositary will prepare definitive depositary receipts without unreasonable delay, and we will pay for the exchange of your temporary depositary receipts for definitive depositary receipts.

Withdrawal of Preferred Stock

Unless the related depositary shares have previously been called for redemption, a holder of depositary shares may receive the number of whole shares of the related series of preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the holder’s depositary receipts after surrendering the depositary receipts at the corporate trust office of the depositary, paying any taxes, charges and fees provided for in the deposit agreement and complying with any other requirement of the deposit agreement. Partial shares of preferred stock will not be issued. If the surrendered depositary shares exceed the number of depositary shares that represent the number of whole shares of preferred stock the holder wishes to withdraw, then the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares. Once the holder has withdrawn the preferred stock, the holder will not be entitled to re-deposit that preferred stock under the deposit agreement or to receive depositary shares in exchange for such preferred stock. We do not expect that there will be any public trading market for withdrawn shares of preferred stock.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute to record holders of depositary shares any cash dividends or other cash distributions it receives on preferred stock, after deducting its fees and expenses. Each holder will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by the holder. The depositary will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents. The depositary will add any fractional cents not distributed to the next sum received for distribution to record holders of depositary shares. In the event of a non-cash distribution, the depositary will distribute property to the record holders of depositary shares, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such a distribution. If this occurs, the depositary may, with our approval, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds from the sale to the holders. The amounts distributed to holders of depositary shares will be reduced by any amounts required to be withheld by the depositary or by us on account of taxes or other governmental charges.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

If the series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares is subject to redemption, we will give the necessary proceeds to the depositary. The depositary will then redeem the depositary shares using the funds they received from us for the preferred stock. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the

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redemption price payable per share for the applicable series of the preferred stock and any other amounts per share payable with respect to the preferred stock multiplied by the fraction or multiple of a share of preferred stock represented by one depositary share. Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem the depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock on the same day, provided we have paid in full to the depositary the redemption price of the preferred stock to be redeemed and any accrued and unpaid dividends. If fewer than all the depositary shares of a series are to be redeemed, the depositary shares will be selected by lot or ratably or by any other equitable methods as the depositary will decide. After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be considered outstanding. Therefore, all rights of holders of the depositary shares will then cease, except that the holders will still be entitled to receive any cash payable upon the redemption and any money or other property to which the holder was entitled at the time of redemption. To receive this amount or other property, the holders must surrender the depositary receipts evidencing their depositary shares to the depositary. Any funds that we deposit with the depositary for any depositary shares that the holders fail to redeem will be returned to us after a period of one year from the date we deposit the funds.

Voting the Preferred Stock

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will notify holders of depositary shares of the upcoming vote and arrange to deliver our voting materials to the holders. The record date for determining holders of depositary shares that are entitled to vote will be the same as the record date for the preferred stock. The materials the holders will receive will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how the holders, on a certain date, may instruct the depositary to vote the shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares. For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them on or before the date specified. To the extent possible, the depositary will vote the shares as instructed by the holder. We agree to take all reasonable actions that the depositary determines are necessary to enable it to vote as a holder has instructed. If the depositary does not receive specific instructions from the holders of any depositary shares, it will vote all shares of that series held by it proportionately with instructions received.

Liquidation Preference

If a series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares has a liquidation preference, in the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of depositary shares will be entitled to receive the fraction of the liquidation preference accorded each share of the applicable series of preferred stock as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Conversion or Exchange

The depositary, with our approval or at our instruction, will convert or exchange all depositary shares if the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is converted or exchanged. In order for the depositary to do so, we will need to deposit the other preferred stock, common stock or other securities into which the preferred stock is to be converted or for which it will be exchanged. The exchange or conversion rate per depositary share will be equal to:

• the exchange or conversion rate per share of preferred stock, multiplied by the fraction or multiple of a share of preferred stock represented by one depositary share;

• plus all money and any other property represented by one depositary share; and

• including all amounts per depositary share paid by us for dividends that have accrued on the preferred stock on the exchange or conversion date and that have not been paid.

The depositary shares, as such, cannot be converted or exchanged into other preferred stock, common stock, securities of another issuer or any other of our securities or property. Nevertheless, if so specified in the

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applicable prospectus supplement, a holder of depositary shares may be able to surrender the depositary receipts to the depositary with written instructions asking the depositary to instruct us to convert or exchange the preferred stock represented by the depositary shares into other shares of our preferred stock or common stock or to exchange the preferred stock for any other securities registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. If the depositary shares carry this right, upon the payment of any applicable fees, we will cause the conversion or exchange of the preferred stock using the same procedures as we use for the delivery of preferred stock. If a holder is only converting part of the depositary shares represented by a depositary receipt, new depositary receipts will be issued for any depositary shares that are not converted or exchanged.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the form of depositary receipt without consent of the holder at any time. However, if the amendment adds or increases fees or charges, other than any change in the fees of any depositary, registrar or transfer agent, or prejudices an important right of holders, it will only become effective with the approval of holders of at least a majority of the affected depositary shares then outstanding. We will make no amendment that impairs the right of any holder of depositary shares to receive shares of preferred stock and any money or other property represented by those depositary shares, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law. If an amendment becomes effective, holders are deemed to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the amended deposit agreement if they continue to hold their depositary receipts.

The deposit agreement will automatically terminate if:

• all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed or converted or exchanged for any other securities into which they or the underlying preferred stock are convertible or exchangeable;

• each share of preferred stock has been converted into or exchanged for common stock; or

• a final distribution in respect of the preferred stock has been made to the holders of depositary receipts in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up.

We may also terminate the deposit agreement at any time we wish. If we do so, the depositary will give notice of termination to the record holders not less than 30 days before the termination date. Once depositary receipts are surrendered to the depositary, it will send to each holder the number of whole or fractional shares of the series of preferred stock underlying that holder’s depositary receipts.

Charges of Depositary and Expenses

We will pay the fees, charges and expenses of the depositary provided in the deposit agreement to be payable by us. Holders of depositary receipts will pay any taxes and governmental charges and any charges provided in the deposit agreement to be payable by them. If the depositary incurs fees, charges or expenses for which it is not otherwise liable at the election of a holder of a depositary receipt or other person, that holder or other person will be liable for those fees, charges and expenses.

Limitations on Our Obligations and Liability to Holders of Depositary Receipts

The deposit agreement will expressly limit our obligations and the obligations of the depositary. It will also limit our liability and the liability of the depositary as follows:

• we and the depositary are only liable to the holders of depositary receipts for negligence or willful misconduct;

• we and the depositary have no obligation to become involved in any legal or other proceeding related to the depositary receipts or the deposit agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other party, unless you provide us with satisfactory indemnity; and

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• we and the depositary may rely upon any written advice of counsel or accountants and on any documents we believe in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

The depositary may resign at any time by notifying us of its election to do so. In addition, we may remove the depositary at any time. Within 60 days after the delivery of a notice of resignation or removal of the depositary, we will appoint a successor depositary.

Redeemable Warrants

Public Warrants

Each whole Public Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of Class A Common Stock. This means that only a whole warrant may be exercised at any given time by a warrant holder. The Public Warrants will expire on April 6, 2026, five years after the completion of the Business Combination, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. We may issue additional Public Warrants under the Warrant Agreement. Any warrants issued following the date of this prospectus under the Warrant Agreement shall have the same terms as the Public Warrants, except as may be agreed upon by the Company and set forth in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus.

We are not obligated to deliver any shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Public Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the Public Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to us satisfying our obligations described below with respect to registration. No Public Warrant will be exercisable, and we will not be obligated to issue shares of Class A Common Stock upon exercise of a Public Warrant unless, if at the time, the Class A Common Stock issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the Public Warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a Public Warrant, the holder of such Public Warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant, and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any Public Warrant.

We are obligated to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and to use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the Public Warrants in accordance with the provisions of the Warrant Agreement. Pursuant to such obligations, on June 10, 2022, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 that became effective on July 1, 2022 covering the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants. Notwithstanding the above, if Class A Common Stock is at the time of any exercise of a Public Warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event we do not so elect, we will use our commercially reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

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We may call the Public Warrants for redemption:

• in whole and not in part;

• at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

• upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each Public Warrant holder; and

• if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading-day period ending three trading days before we send the notice of redemption to the Public Warrant holders.

We may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification.

We have established the last of the redemption criterion discussed above to prevent a redemption call unless there is, at the time of the call, a significant premium to the Public Warrant exercise price. If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and we issue a notice of redemption of the Public Warrants, each Public Warrant holder will be entitled to exercise its warrant prior to the scheduled redemption date. However, the price of the Class A Common Stock may fall below the $18.00 redemption trigger price (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) as well as the $11.50 Public Warrant exercise price after the redemption notice is issued.

If we call the Public Warrants for redemption as described above, our management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise its warrant to do so on a “cashless basis.” In determining whether to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis,” our management will consider, among other factors, our cash position, the number of Public Warrants that are outstanding and the dilutive effect on our stockholders of issuing the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of our Public Warrants. If our management takes advantage of this option, all holders of Public Warrants would pay the exercise price by surrendering their Public Warrants for that number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the Public Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the Public Warrants and the “fair market value” (as defined below) over the exercise price of the Public Warrants, by (y) the fair market value. Solely for the purposes of this calculation, the “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of the Class A Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of Public Warrants. If we select this option, the notice of redemption will contain the information necessary to calculate the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be received upon exercise of the Public Warrants, including the “fair market value” in such case. Requiring a cashless exercise in this manner will reduce the number of shares to be issued and thereby lessen the dilutive effect of a Public Warrant redemption. We believe this feature is an attractive option to us if we do not need the cash from the exercise of the Public Warrants. If we call our Public Warrants for redemption and our management does not take advantage of this option, the Sponsor and its permitted transferees would still be entitled to exercise their private placement warrants for cash or on a cashless basis using the same formula described above that other warrant holders would have been required to use had all warrant holders been required to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis, as described in more detail below.

A holder of a Public Warrant may notify us in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such warrant, to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), to the warrant agent’s actual knowledge, would beneficially own in excess of 4.9% or 9.8% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of the shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise.

On August 28, 2024, we called the Public Warrants for redemption. Each Public Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at a cash price of $11.50 per Public Warrant exercised.

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Public Warrants may only be exercised for cash. Any Public Warrants that remain outstanding at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on September 27, 2024 will be redeemed for a redemption price of $0.01 per Public Warrant.

If the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Class A Common Stock, or by a split-up of shares of Class A Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable on the exercise of each Public Warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. A rights offering to holders of Class A Common Stock entitling holders to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at a price less than the fair market value (as defined below) will be deemed a stock dividend of a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Class A Common Stock) and (ii) one minus the quotient of (x) the price per share of Class A Common Stock paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the fair market value (as defined below). For these purposes, (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A Common Stock, in determining the price payable for Class A Common Stock, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion, and (ii) “fair market value” means the volume weighted average price of Class A Common Stock as reported during the 10 trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the shares of Class A Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.

In addition, if we, at any time while the Public Warrants are outstanding and unexpired, pay a dividend or make a distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of Class A Common Stock on account of such shares of Class A Common Stock (or other shares of our capital stock into which the Public Warrants are convertible), other than (i) as described above, (ii) certain ordinary cash dividends (initially defined as up to $0.50 per share in a 365 day period), (iii) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of Class A Common Stock in connection with the Closing, or (iv) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of Class A Common Stock in connection with a stockholder vote to amend our Charter with respect to any provision relating to stockholders’ rights, then the Public Warrant exercise price will be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such event, by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any securities or other assets paid on each share of Class A Common Stock in respect of such event.

If the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Class A Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable on the exercise of each Public Warrant will be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock.

Whenever the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Public Warrants is adjusted, as described above, the Public Warrant exercise price will be adjusted by multiplying the Public Warrant exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction (x) the numerator of which will be the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Public Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which will be the number of shares of Class A Common Stock so purchasable immediately thereafter.

In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (other than those described above or that solely affects the par value of such shares of Class A Common Stock), or in the case of any merger or consolidation of us with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which we are the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of our outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of our assets or other property as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which we are dissolved, the holders of the Public Warrants will thereafter have the right to

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purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Public Warrants and in lieu of the shares of Class A Common Stock immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer that the holder of the Public Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised its warrants immediately prior to such event. If less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of Class A Common Stock in such a transaction is payable in the form of Class A Common Stock in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, or is to be so listed for trading or so quoted immediately following such event, and if the registered holder of the Public Warrant properly exercises the warrant within 30 days following public disclosure of such transaction, the Public Warrant exercise price will be reduced as specified in the Warrant Agreement based on the Black-Scholes value (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) of the warrant. The purpose of such exercise price reduction is to provide additional value to holders of the Public Warrants when an extraordinary transaction occurs during the exercise period of the Public Warrants pursuant to which the holders of the warrants otherwise do not receive the full potential value of the Public Warrants in order to determine and realize the option value component of the warrant. This formula is to compensate the Public Warrant holder for the loss of the option value portion of the warrant due to the requirement that the Public Warrant holder exercise the warrant within 30 days of the event. The Black-Scholes model (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) is an accepted pricing model for estimating fair market value where no quoted market price for an instrument is available.

The Public Warrants are issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement. You should review a copy of the Warrant Agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for a complete description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 65% of the then-outstanding Public Warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of Public Warrants.

The Public Warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price (or on a cashless basis, if applicable), by certified or official bank check payable to the order of the warrant agent, or by wire transfer to the warrant agent, for the number of warrants being exercised. The Public Warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of Class A Common Stock and any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of Class A Common Stock. After the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.

No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. If, upon exercise of the Public Warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued to the warrant holder.

Private Placement Warrants

The private placement warrants (including the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the private placement warrants) are not redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. The Sponsor, or its permitted transferees, has the option to exercise the private placement warrants on a cashless basis. Except as described below, the private placement warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the Public Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period. If the private placement warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

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If holders of the private placement warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering their warrants for that number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” (defined below) over the exercise price of the warrants, by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of the Class A Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of warrant exercise is sent to the warrant agent.

Other Warrants

We may issue warrants for the purchase of shares of our common stock or preferred stock or of debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent. The following summary of material provisions of the warrants and warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each warrant agreement and warrant certificate relating to warrants offered under this prospectus.

The particular terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:

• the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase such shares and the price at which such number of shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

• the designation, stated value and terms (including, without limitation, liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights) of the series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of warrants to purchase preferred stock;

• the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property;

• the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, preferred stock or common stock will be separately transferable;

• the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

• the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

• United States federal income tax consequences applicable to the warrants;

• whether the warrants are to be sold separately or with other securities as part of units;

• whether the warrants will be issued in definitive or global form or in any combination of these forms, although, in any case, the form of a warrant included in a unit will correspond to the form of the unit and any security included in that unit;

• the identity of the warrant agent for the warrants and of any other depositaries, execution or paying agents, transfer agents, registrars or other agents;

• the proposed listing, if any, of the warrants or any securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants on any securities exchange;

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• if applicable, the date from and after which any warrants issued as part of a unit and the related debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares or common stock will be separately transferable;

• if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time; and

• any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise and settlement of the warrants.

Each warrant will entitle its holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of preferred stock or common stock at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new warrant certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise, including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture. Until any warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock are exercised, the holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying common stock or preferred stock, including any rights to receive dividends or payments upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the common stock or preferred stock, if any.

Purchase Contracts

We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of debt or equity securities issued by us. Each purchase contract will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as a part of units consisting of one or more purchase contracts and beneficial interests in our debt or equity securities or debt obligations of third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, any other security described in the applicable prospectus supplement, or any combination of the foregoing, securing the holders’ obligations to purchase the securities under the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the units or vice versa, and such payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations thereunder in a specified manner. In certain circumstances, we may deliver newly issued prepaid purchase contracts upon release to a holder of any collateral securing the holder’s obligations under the original purchase contract. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract. Material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the purchase contracts will also be discussed in the applicable prospectus supplement. The description in the prospectus supplement will only be a summary, and you should read the purchase contracts, and, if applicable, collateral or depositary arrangements, relating to the purchase contracts. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each purchase contract relating to the purchase or sale of debt or equity securities issued by us under this prospectus.

Units

We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue

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under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.

The following description, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each unit agreement relating to units offered under this prospectus.

If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:

• the title of the series of units;

• identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;

• the price or prices at which the units will be issued;

• the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;

• a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and

• any other terms of the units and their constituent securities.

Subscription Rights

We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:

• the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

• the exercise price payable for our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;

• the number of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;

• the number and terms of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities which may be purchased per each subscription right;

• the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

• any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;

• the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

• the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and

• if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which we may enter into in connection with the offering of subscription rights.

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The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights. We urge you to read the applicable subscription rights certificate and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of the securities covered by this prospectus in any of the following ways (or in any combination thereof):

• to or through underwriters or dealers;

• through agents; or

• directly to one or more purchasers.

These dispositions may be at fixed prices (which may change), at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices.

To the extent required by law, a prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, as applicable:

• the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them;

• the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

• any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

• any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

• any public offering price;

• any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

• any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.

If underwriters are used in the sale of the securities, they will acquire such securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.

We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and any commissions we pay to them. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, any agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The prospectus supplement will set forth the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts.

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We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

All securities we offer, other than Class A Common Stock and Public Warrants, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on any exchange or over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Any underwriters that are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on Nasdaq in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by McGuireWoods LLP, Richmond, Virginia.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in the Registration Statement have been so incorporated in reliance of the report of KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is www.ast-science.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024;

• our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024, and for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 14, 2024;

• our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January  18, 2024, January  23, 2024, January  29, 2024, May  6, 2024, May  29, 2024, June  4, 2024, June  7, 2024, June  25, 2024, June  25, 2024, July  25, 2024, August 28, 2024 and September 4, 2024 (excluding any information furnished in such reports under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01); and

• the description of our common stock contained in Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, and any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating the description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of this offering, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

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We will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests may be made by telephone at (432) 276-3966, or by sending a written request to AST SpaceMobile, Inc., Midland International Air & Space Port, 2901 Enterprise Lane, Midland, Texas 79706, Attention: Secretary.

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AST SpaceMobile, Inc.

Up to $400,000,000

Class A Common Stock

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

B. Riley Securities Barclays BofA Securities Cantor

Deutsche Bank Securities Roth Capital Partners Scotiabank UBS Investment Bank

SEPTEMBER 5, 2024