10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_______________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number: 001-38995

_______________________________________________________________________________

Sunnova Energy International Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________________________________________________________

Delaware	30-1192746
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540

Houston, Texas 77046

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(281) 892-1588

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

_______________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	NOVA	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The registrant had 114,909,899 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 24, 2022.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Sunnova," "the Company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Sunnova Energy International Inc. ("SEI") and its consolidated subsidiaries. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or Sunnova's future financial or operating performance. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements because they contain words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "future," "goal," "intend," "likely," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "seek," "should," "target," "will" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•our future operations and financial performance following the acquisition of SunStreet Energy Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("SunStreet");

•the effects of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic on our business and operations, results of operations and financial position;

•the impact of Hurricane Fiona and Hurricane Ian on our business and operations, results of operations and financial position;

•federal, state and local statutes, regulations and policies;

•determinations of the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") of the fair market value of our solar energy systems;

•the price of centralized utility-generated electricity and electricity from other sources and technologies;

•technical and capacity limitations imposed by operators of the power grid;

•the availability of tax rebates, credits and incentives, including changes to the rates of, or expiration of, federal tax credits and the availability of related safe harbors;

•our need and ability to raise capital to finance the installation and acquisition of distributed residential solar energy systems, refinance existing debt or otherwise meet our liquidity needs;

•our expectations concerning relationships with third parties, including the attraction, retention, performance and continued existence of our dealers;

•our ability to manage our supply chains and distribution channels and the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control, such as hurricanes and the COVID-19 pandemic;

•our ability to retain or upgrade current customers, further penetrate existing markets or expand into new markets;

•our investment in our platform and new product offerings and the demand for and expected benefits of our platform and product offerings;

•the ability of our solar energy systems, energy storage systems or other product offerings to operate or deliver energy for any reason, including if interconnection or transmission facilities on which we rely become unavailable;

•our ability to maintain our brand and protect our intellectual property and customer data;

•our ability to manage the cost of solar energy systems, energy storage systems and our service offerings;

•the willingness of and ability of our dealers and suppliers to fulfill their respective warranty and other contractual obligations;

•our expectations regarding litigation and administrative proceedings; and

•our ability to renew or replace expiring, canceled or terminated solar service agreements at favorable rates or on a long-term basis.

Our actual results and timing of these events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those discussed under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Equity	8
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	58
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	59
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	59
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	60
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	60
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	60
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	60
Item 5.	Other Information	60
Item 6.	Exhibits	60
	Signatures	62

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

SUNNOVA ENERGY INTERNATIONAL INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share amounts and share par values)

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	412,581	$	243,101
Accounts receivable—trade, net	35,743		18,584
Accounts receivable—other	152,942		57,736
Other current assets, net of allowance of $5,306 and $1,646 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	336,047		296,321
Total current assets	937,313		615,742
Property and equipment, net	3,537,177		2,909,613
Customer notes receivable, net of allowance of $62,682 and $39,492 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	2,072,264		1,204,073
Intangible assets, net	169,187		190,520
Goodwill	13,150		13,150
Other assets	920,634		571,136
Total assets (1)	$	7,649,725	$	5,504,234
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	94,647	$	55,033
Accrued expenses	121,195		81,721
Current portion of long-term debt	191,131		129,793
Other current liabilities	51,093		44,350
Total current liabilities	458,066		310,897
Long-term debt, net	4,807,107		3,135,681
Other long-term liabilities	631,137		436,043
Total liabilities (1)	5,896,310		3,882,621
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	153,469		145,336
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, 114,895,870 and 113,386,600 shares issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, at $0.0001 par value	11		11
Additional paid-in capital—common stock	1,633,507		1,649,199
Accumulated deficit	(387,073)		(459,715)
Total stockholders' equity	1,246,445		1,189,495
Noncontrolling interests	353,501		286,782
Total equity	1,599,946		1,476,277
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	$	7,649,725	$	5,504,234

(1) The consolidated assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $2,721,620 and $2,148,398, respectively, of assets of variable interest entities ("VIEs") that can only be used to settle obligations of the VIEs. These assets include cash of $33,695 and $23,538 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—trade, net of $9,834 and $6,167 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—other of $739 and $410 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current assets of $273,175 and $272,421 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; property and equipment, net of $2,362,041 and $1,817,471 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other assets of $42,136 and $28,391 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The consolidated liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $59,908 and $47,225, respectively, of liabilities of VIEs whose creditors have no recourse to Sunnova Energy International Inc. These liabilities include accounts payable of $8,965 and $6,014 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accrued expenses of $178 and $88 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current liabilities of $2,894 and $3,845 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other long-term liabilities of $47,871 and $37,278 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SUNNOVA ENERGY INTERNATIONAL INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	362,098	$	176,733
Operating expense:
Cost of revenue—depreciation	24,663		19,665		69,935		55,621
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	40,917		—		89,884		—
Cost of revenue—other	15,567		7,342		32,974		13,572
Operations and maintenance	9,774		6,035		23,787		14,640
General and administrative	75,897		53,372		214,362		144,028
Other operating expense (income)	10,267		(9,337)		(4,186)		(5,303)
Total operating expense, net	177,085		77,077		426,756		222,558
Operating loss	(27,721)		(8,176)		(64,658)		(45,825)
Interest expense, net	18,328		26,588		36,275		84,748
Interest income	(16,185)		(9,098)		(40,428)		(24,266)
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	—		—		—		9,824
Other (income) expense	(12)		189		(327)		60
Loss before income tax	(29,852)		(25,855)		(60,178)		(116,191)
Income tax expense	—		64		—		64
Net loss	(29,852)		(25,919)		(60,178)		(116,255)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	32,195		1,622		72,455		7,665
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(62,047)	$	(27,541)	$	(132,633)	$	(123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.54)	$	(0.25)	$	(1.16)	$	(1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted	114,816,879		112,159,698		114,293,251		110,185,333

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

SUNNOVA ENERGY INTERNATIONAL INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(60,178)	$	(116,255)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	78,401		62,286
Impairment and loss on disposals, net	2,971		3,522
Amortization of intangible assets	21,333		14,111
Amortization of deferred financing costs	9,690		11,556
Amortization of debt discount	6,273		8,231
Non-cash effect of equity-based compensation plans	20,059		13,937
Unrealized gain on derivatives	(35,685)		(5,574)
Unrealized gain on fair value instruments	(4,136)		(4,665)
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	—		9,824
Other non-cash items	(14,087)		12,622
Changes in components of operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(100,537)		(27,194)
Other current assets	(139,946)		(99,731)
Other assets	(84,142)		(41,404)
Accounts payable	1,403		(5,226)
Accrued expenses	41,571		19,923
Other current liabilities	(4,243)		(1,617)
Other long-term liabilities	(4,542)		(1,193)
Net cash used in operating activities	(265,795)		(146,847)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(637,556)		(344,044)
Payments for investments and customer notes receivable	(902,773)		(553,475)
Proceeds from customer notes receivable	79,870		47,300
Proceeds from investments in solar receivables	9,388		—
Other, net	(282)		3,038
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,451,353)		(847,181)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt	2,308,033		1,890,185
Payments of long-term debt	(571,261)		(815,710)
Payments on notes payable	—		(34,555)
Payments of deferred financing costs	(24,748)		(27,031)
Payments of debt discounts	—		(2,324)
Purchase of capped call transactions	(48,420)		(91,655)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	(3,345)		9,911
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	236,661		226,432
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(20,847)		(10,407)
Payments of costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(10,380)		(8,159)
Other, net	(601)		(283)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,865,092		1,136,404
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	147,944		142,376
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	391,897		377,893
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	539,841		520,269
Restricted cash included in other current assets	(14,584)		(52,042)
Restricted cash included in other assets	(112,676)		(60,071)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	412,581	$	408,156

6

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment	$	14,019	$	50,057
Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to payments for investments and customer notes receivable	$	21,750	$	(37,086)
Non-cash issuance of common stock related to the settlement of contingent consideration	$	16,014	$	—
Non-cash conversion of convertible senior notes for common stock	$	—	$	95,648
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	105,375	$	70,415
Cash paid for income taxes	$	—	$	94

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

SUNNOVA ENERGY INTERNATIONAL INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital - Common Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
			Shares	Amount
December 31, 2020	$	136,124	100,412,036	$	10	$	1,482,716	$	(530,995)	$	951,731	$	192,826	$	1,144,557
Cumulative-effect adjustment	—		—	—		—		2,254		2,254		—		2,254
Net income (loss)	2,110		—	—		—		(32,983)		(32,983)		6,809		(26,174)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		8,141,766	1		65,541		—		65,542		—		65,542
Equity component of debt instrument	—		—	—		(8,807)		—		(8,807)		—		(8,807)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		40,802		40,802
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,090)		—	—		—		—		—		(1,743)		(1,743)
Costs related to noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		(55)		(55)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	40		—	—		—		37,213		37,213		(37,253)		(40)
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		7,924		—		7,924		—		7,924
Other, net	(62)		—	—		1		—		1		(476)		(475)
March 31, 2021	137,122		108,553,802	11		1,547,375		(524,511)		1,022,875		200,910		1,223,785
Net income (loss)	4,236		—	—		—		(63,396)		(63,396)		(7,112)		(70,508)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		3,431,715	—		138,020		—		138,020		—		138,020
Capped call transactions	—		—	—		(91,655)		—		(91,655)		—		(91,655)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		75,808		75,808
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,128)		—	—		—		—		—		(2,300)		(2,300)
Costs related to noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		(3,035)		(3,035)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	2		—	—		—		57,971		57,971		(57,973)		(2)
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		2,920		—		2,920		—		2,920
Other, net	(47)		—	—		(1)		—		(1)		(654)		(655)
June 30, 2021	140,185		111,985,517	11		1,596,659		(529,936)		1,066,734		205,644		1,272,378
Net income (loss)	3,332		—	—		—		(27,541)		(27,541)		(1,710)		(29,251)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		279,137	—		1,188		—		1,188		—		1,188
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		109,822		109,822
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,146)		—	—		—		—		—		(3,000)		(3,000)
Costs related to noncontrolling interests	—		—	—		—		—		—		(3,037)		(3,037)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	5		—	—		—		51,683		51,683		(51,688)		(5)
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		3,093		—		3,093		—		3,093
Other, net	1		—	—		—		1		1		(1,392)		(1,391)
September 30, 2021	$	142,377	112,264,654	$	11	$	1,600,940	$	(505,793)	$	1,095,158	$	254,639	$	1,349,797

8

	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital - Common Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
			Shares	Amount
December 31, 2021	$	145,336	113,386,600	$	11	$	1,649,199	$	(459,715)	$	1,189,495	$	286,782	$	1,476,277
Net income (loss)	(2,432)		—	—		—		(33,583)		(33,583)		15,386		(18,197)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		524,788	—		(2,976)		—		(2,976)		—		(2,976)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	3,757		—	—		—		—		—		48,132		48,132
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,122)		—	—		—		—		—		(4,732)		(4,732)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(57)		—	—		—		—		—		(2,292)		(2,292)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(173)		—	—		—		69,769		69,769		(69,596)		173
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		10,864		—		10,864		—		10,864
Other, net	(123)		—	—		—		—		—		174		174
March 31, 2022	145,186		113,911,388	11		1,657,087		(423,529)		1,233,569		273,854		1,507,423
Net income (loss)	4,563		—	—		—		(37,003)		(37,003)		22,743		(14,260)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		745,829	—		15,828		—		15,828		—		15,828
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	13,423		—	—		—		—		—		111,967		111,967
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,239)		—	—		—		—		—		(5,237)		(5,237)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(193)		—	—		—		—		—		(2,417)		(2,417)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(10,168)		—	—		—		83,316		83,316		(73,148)		10,168
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		4,732		—		4,732		—		4,732
Other, net	(65)		—	—		—		(1)		(1)		(2,010)		(2,011)
June 30, 2022	151,507		114,657,217	11		1,677,647		(377,217)		1,300,441		325,752		1,626,193
Net income (loss)	(1,507)		—	—		—		(62,047)		(62,047)		33,702		(28,345)
Issuance of common stock, net	—		238,653	—		(183)		—		(183)		—		(183)
Capped call transactions	—		—	—		(48,420)		—		(48,420)		—		(48,420)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	5,990		—	—		—		—		—		53,392		53,392
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,203)		—	—		—		—		—		(7,314)		(7,314)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(8)		—	—		—		—		—		(226)		(226)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(1,240)		—	—		—		52,191		52,191		(50,951)		1,240
Equity-based compensation expense	—		—	—		4,463		—		4,463		—		4,463
Other, net	(70)		—	—		—		—		—		(854)		(854)
September 30, 2022	$	153,469	114,895,870	$	11	$	1,633,507	$	(387,073)	$	1,246,445	$	353,501	$	1,599,946

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

We are a leading residential energy service provider, serving over 246,000 customers in more than 35 United States ("U.S.") states and territories. Sunnova Energy Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on October 22, 2012 and formed Sunnova Energy International Inc. ("SEI") as a Delaware corporation on April 1, 2019. We completed our initial public offering on July 29, 2019 (our "IPO"); and in connection with our IPO, all of Sunnova Energy Corporation's ownership interests were contributed to SEI. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to "Sunnova," the "Company," "we," "our," "us," or like terms, refer to SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We have a differentiated residential solar dealer model in which we partner with local dealers who originate, design and install our customers' solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related products and services on our behalf. Our focus on our dealer model enables us to leverage our dealers' specialized knowledge, connections and experience in local markets to drive customer origination while providing our dealers with access to high quality products at competitive prices, as well as technical oversight and expertise. We believe this structure provides operational flexibility, reduces exposure to labor shortages and lowers fixed costs relative to our peers, furthering our competitive advantage.

We provide our services through long-term agreements with a diversified pool of credit quality customers. Our solar service agreements typically are structured as either a legal-form lease (a "lease") of a solar energy system and/or energy storage system to the customer, the sale of the solar energy system's output to the customer under a power purchase agreement ("PPA") or the purchase of a solar energy system and/or energy storage system with financing provided by us (a "loan"); however, we also offer service plans for systems we did not originate. We make it possible in some states for a customer to obtain a new roof and other ancillary products as part of their solar loan. We also allow customers originated through our homebuilder channel the option of purchasing the system when the customer closes on the purchase of a new home. The initial term of our solar service agreements is typically between 10 and 25 years, during which time we provide or arrange for ongoing services to customers, including monitoring, maintenance and warranty services. Our lease and PPA agreements typically include an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options. Customer payments and rates can be fixed for the duration of the solar service agreement or escalated at a pre-determined percentage annually. We also receive tax benefits and other incentives from leases and PPAs, a portion of which we finance through tax equity, non-recourse debt structures and hedging arrangements in order to fund our upfront costs, overhead and growth investments. Our future success depends in part on our ability to raise capital from third-party investors and commercial sources. We have an established track record of attracting capital from diverse sources. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have raised more than $11.2 billion in total capital commitments from equity, debt and tax equity investors.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements ("interim financial statements") include our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity and statements of cash flows and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") from records maintained by us. We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2021 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

Our interim financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest. In accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation, we consolidate any VIE of which we are the primary beneficiary. We form VIEs with our investors in the ordinary course of business to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with our solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve holding a majority of the voting interests. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We do not

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

consolidate a VIE in which we have a majority ownership interest when we are not considered the primary beneficiary. We have considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant us power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of our VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the installation, operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. We consider the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, we have determined we are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs and evaluate our relationships with our VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether we continue to be the primary beneficiary. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a significant impact on our interim financial statements.

Coronavirus ("COVID-19") Pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted and may continue to result in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy. We have experienced some resulting disruptions to our business operations due to the COVID-19 virus and its impacts.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to service and install solar energy systems and energy storage systems. The industry is currently facing shortages and shipping delays affecting the supply of energy storage systems, modules and component parts for inverters and racking used in solar energy systems available for purchase. These shortages and delays can be attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting government action, as well as to allegations regarding the use of forced labor in the Chinese polysilicon supply chain. While a majority of our dealers have secured sufficient quantities to permit them to continue installing through much of 2022, if these shortages and delays persist, they could impact the timing of when solar energy systems and energy storage systems can be installed and when we can acquire and begin to generate revenue from those systems. In addition, if supply chains become significantly disrupted due to additional outbreaks of the COVID-19 virus or otherwise, or more stringent health and safety guidelines are implemented, our ability to install and service solar energy systems and energy storage systems could become adversely impacted. We cannot predict the full impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time due to numerous uncertainties. We will continue to monitor developments affecting our workforce, our customers and our business operations generally, and will take actions we determine are necessary in order to mitigate these impacts.

(2) Significant Accounting Policies

Included below are updates to significant accounting policies disclosed in our 2021 annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The application of GAAP in the preparation of the interim financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable—Trade.    Accounts receivable—trade primarily represents trade receivables from residential customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable—trade is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. We review the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. We write off accounts receivable when we deem them uncollectible. As of September 30, 2022, we have not experienced a significant increase in delinquent customer accounts and have not made any significant adjustments to our allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable—trade as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable—trade, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,198	$	858	$	1,044	$	912
Provision for current expected credit losses	802		485		1,891		1,322
Write off of uncollectible accounts	(717)		(424)		(1,769)		(1,410)
Recoveries	83		54		200		148
Other, net	—		—		—		1
Balance at end of period	$	1,366	$	973	$	1,366	$	973

Accounts Receivable—Other.    Accounts receivable—other primarily represents receivables from our dealers or other parties related to the sale of inventory and the use of inventory procured by us.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory primarily represents (a) raw materials, such as energy storage systems, photovoltaic modules, inverters, meters and modems, (b) homebuilder construction in progress and (c) other associated equipment purchased. These materials are typically procured by us and used by our dealers, sold to our dealers or held for use as original parts on new solar energy systems or replacement parts on existing solar energy systems. We remove these items from inventory and record the transaction in typically one of these manners: (a) expense to operations and maintenance expense when installed as a replacement part for a solar energy system, (b) recognize in accounts receivable—other when procured by us and used by our dealers, (c) expense to cost of revenue—inventory sales if sold directly to a dealer or other party, (d) capitalize to property and equipment when installed on an existing home or (e) capitalize to property and equipment when placed in service under the homebuilder program. We periodically evaluate our inventory for unusable and obsolete items based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Based on this evaluation, provisions are made to write inventory down to net realizable value. The following table presents the detail of inventory as recorded in other current assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Modules and inverters	$	41,728	$	60,661
Energy storage systems and components	98,944		43,071
Homebuilder construction in progress	45,055		23,642
Meters and modems	362		581
Other	483		—
Total	$	186,572	$	127,955

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

•Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability. Our financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, customer notes receivable, investments in solar receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and contingent consideration. The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the fair values due to the fact that they are short-term in nature and based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date (Level 1). We estimate the fair value of our customer notes receivable based on interest rates currently offered under the loan program with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We estimate the fair value of our investments in solar receivables based on a discounted cash flows model that utilizes market data related to solar irradiance, production factors by region and projected electric utility rates in order to build up revenue projections (Level 3). In addition, lease-related revenue and maintenance and service costs were supported through the use of available market studies and data. We estimate the fair value of our fixed-rate long-term debt based on interest rates currently offered for debt with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We determine the fair values of the interest rate derivative transactions based on a discounted cash flow method using contractual terms of the transactions. The floating interest rate is based on observable rates consistent with the frequency of the interest cash flows (Level 2). For contingent consideration, we estimate the fair value of the installation earnout using the Monte Carlo model based on the forecasted placements for the installations and the microgrid earnout using a scenario-based methodology based on the probabilities of the microgrid earnout, both using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable, Note 8, Long-Term Debt and Note 9, Derivative Instruments.

The following tables present our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	As of September 30, 2022
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	71,656	$	—	$	—	$	71,656
Derivative assets	117,544		—		117,544		—
Total	$	189,200	$	—	$	117,544	$	71,656
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161
Total	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161

	As of December 31, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	82,658	$	—	$	—	$	82,658
Derivative assets	14,351		—		14,351		—
Total	$	97,009	$	—	$	14,351	$	82,658
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	67,895	$	—	$	—	$	67,895
Derivative liabilities	5,330		—		5,330		—
Total	$	73,225	$	—	$	5,330	$	67,895

Changes in fair value of our investments in solar receivables are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial assets

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other current assets and other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	82,658	$	—
Settlements	(8,090)		—
Loss recognized in earnings	(2,912)		—
Balance at end of period	$	71,656	$	—

Changes in fair value of our contingent consideration are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	67,895	$	—
Additions	—		90,400
Settlements	(16,014)		—
Gain recognized in earnings	(6,720)		(4,726)
Balance at end of period	$	45,161	$	85,674

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our liabilities using Level 3 inputs:

	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	Volatility	35.00%
	Revenue risk premium	15.80%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%
Contingent consideration - microgrid earnout	Probability of success	25.00%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revenue

The following table presents the detail of revenue as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
PPA revenue	$	31,891	$	25,359	$	84,235	$	68,443
Lease revenue	25,912		17,845		71,717		51,765
Inventory sales revenue	45,528		—		99,773		—
Solar renewable energy certificate revenue	16,241		12,858		37,172		30,648
Cash sales revenue	18,933		8,680		45,695		15,618
Loan revenue	5,012		2,126		12,582		5,000
Other revenue	5,847		2,033		10,924		5,259
Total	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	362,098	$	176,733

We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as we satisfy our performance obligations at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon an estimated rate of return, net of cash incentives. We express this rate of return as the solar rate per kilowatt hour ("kWh") in the customer contract. The amount of revenue we recognize does not equal customer cash payments because we satisfy performance obligations ahead of cash receipt or evenly as we provide continuous access on a stand-ready basis to the solar energy system. We reflect the differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue we have not yet recognized and includes deferred revenue as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but not yet recognized revenue was approximately $2.7 billion as of September 30, 2022, of which we expect to recognize approximately 4% over the next 12 months. We do not expect the annual recognition to vary significantly over approximately the next 20 years as the vast majority of existing solar service agreements have at least 20 years remaining, given the average age of the fleet of solar energy systems under contract is less than four years.

Certain customers may receive cash incentives. We defer recognition of the payment of these cash incentives and recognize them over the life of the contract as a reduction to revenue. The deferred payment is recorded in other assets for customers who receive the cash incentives under our lease and PPA agreements, and as a contra-liability in other long-term liabilities for customers who receive the cash incentives under our loan agreements.

PPAs.    Customers purchase electricity from us under PPAs. Pursuant to ASC 606, we recognize revenue based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The PPAs generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

Leases.    We are the lessor under lease agreements for solar energy systems and energy storage systems, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842 and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. We recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract term as we satisfy our obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The lease agreements generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

In most cases, we provide customers under our lease agreements a performance guarantee that each solar energy system will achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output, which is a significant proportion of its expected output. The specified minimum solar energy production output may not be achieved due to natural fluctuations in the weather or equipment failures from exposure and wear and tear outside of our control, among other factors. We determine the amount of the guaranteed output based on a number of different factors, including: (a) the specific site information related to the tilt of the panels, azimuth (a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from a reference direction) of the panels, size of the system, and shading on site; (b) the calculated amount of available irradiance (amount of energy for a given flat surface facing a specific direction) based on historical average weather data and (c) the calculated amount of energy output of the solar energy system.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

While actual irradiance levels can significantly change year over year due to natural fluctuations in the weather, we expect the levels to average out over the term of a lease and to approximate the levels used in determining the amount of the performance guarantee. Generally, weather fluctuations are the most likely reason a solar energy system may not achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output.

If the solar energy system does not produce the guaranteed production amount, we are required to refund a portion of the previously remitted customer payments, where the repayment is calculated as the product of (a) the shortfall production amount and (b) the dollar amount (guaranteed rate) per kWh that is fixed throughout the term of the contract. These remittances of a customer's payments, if needed, are payable as early as the first anniversary of the solar energy system's placed in service date and then every annual period thereafter. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.

Inventory Sales.    Inventory sales revenue represents revenue from the direct sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon shipment. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenue—inventory sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Solar Renewable Energy Certificates.    Each solar renewable energy certificate ("SREC") represents the environmental benefit of one megawatt hour (1,000 kWh) generated by a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold separate from the actual electricity generated by the renewable-based generation source. We account for the SRECs we generate from our solar energy systems as governmental incentives with no costs incurred to obtain them and do not consider those SRECs output of the underlying solar energy systems. We classify these SRECs as inventory held until sold and delivered to third parties. As we did not incur costs to obtain these governmental incentives, the inventory carrying value for the SRECs was $0 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We enter into economic hedges related to expected production of SRECs through forward contracts. While these fixed price forward contracts serve as an economic hedge against spot price fluctuations for the SRECs, the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are not designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The contracts require us to physically deliver the SRECs upon settlement. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon satisfaction of the performance obligation to transfer the SRECs to the stated counterparty. Payments are typically received within one month of transferring the SREC to the counterparty. The costs related to the sales of SRECs are generally limited to broker fees (recorded in cost of revenue—other), which are only paid in connection with certain transactions. In certain circumstances we are required to purchase SRECs on the open market to fulfill minimum delivery requirements under our forward contracts.

Cash Sales.    Cash sales revenue represents revenue from a customer's purchase of a solar energy system from us typically when purchasing a new home. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon verification of the home closing.

Loans.    See discussion of loan revenue in the "Loans" section below.

Other Revenue.    Other revenue includes certain state and utility incentives, revenue from the direct sale of solar energy systems and energy storage systems to customers with financing provided by us and sales of service plans. We recognize revenue from state and utility incentives in the periods in which they are earned. We recognize revenue from the direct sale of energy storage systems in the period in which the storage components are placed in service. Service plans are available to customers whose solar energy system was not originally sold by Sunnova. We recognize revenue from service plan contracts on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, which is typically 10 years.

Loans

We offer a loan program, under which the customer finances the purchase of a solar energy system or energy storage system through a solar service agreement, typically for a term of 10, 15 or 25 years. We recognize cash payments received from customers on a monthly basis under our loan program (a) as interest income, to the extent attributable to earned interest on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; (b) as a reduction of a note receivable on the balance sheet, to the extent attributable to a return of principal (whether scheduled or prepaid) on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; and (c) as revenue, to the extent attributable to payments for operations and maintenance services provided by us. To qualify for the loan program, a customer must pass our credit evaluation process, which requires the customer to have a minimum FICO® score of 600 to 720 depending on certain circumstances, and we secure the loans with the solar energy systems or energy storage systems financed. The credit evaluation process is performed once for each customer at the time the customer is entering into the solar service agreement with us.

Our investments in solar energy systems and energy storage systems related to the loan program that are not yet placed in service are recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are transferred to customer notes receivable upon

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

being placed in service. Customer notes receivable are recorded at amortized cost, net of an allowance for credit losses (as described below), in other current assets and customer notes receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable related to our customer notes receivable is recorded in accounts receivable—trade, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income from customer notes receivable is recorded in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The amortized cost of our customer notes receivable is equal to the principal balance of customer notes receivable outstanding and does not include accrued interest receivable. Customer notes receivable continue to accrue interest until they are written off against the allowance, which occurs when the balance is 180 days or more past due unless the balance is in the process of collection. Customer notes receivable are considered past due one day after the due date based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In all cases, customer notes receivable balances are placed on a nonaccrual status or written off at an earlier date when they are deemed uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. Accrued interest receivable for customer notes receivable placed on a nonaccrual status is recorded as a reduction to interest income. Interest received on such customer notes receivable is accounted for on a cash basis until the customer notes receivable qualifies for the return to accrual status. Customer notes receivable are returned to accrual status when there is no longer any principal or interest amounts past due and future payments are reasonably assured.

The allowance for credit losses is deducted from the customer notes receivable amortized cost to present the net amount expected to be collected. It is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics (such as financial asset type, customer credit rating, contractual term and vintage) exist. In determining the allowance for credit losses, we identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues and consider our historical level of credit losses and current economic trends that might impact the level of future credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loan agreements based on the best available data at the time and adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies: (a) we have a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual customer or (b) the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancelable by us. As of September 30, 2022, we have not experienced a significant increase in delinquent customer notes receivable and have not made any significant adjustments to our allowance for credit losses related to loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts for which the criteria for revenue recognition have not yet been met and includes (a) payments for unfulfilled performance obligations which will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the respective solar service agreements, net of any cash incentives earned by the customers, (b) down payments and partial or full prepayments from customers and (c) differences due to the timing of energy production versus billing for certain types of PPAs. Deferred revenue was $106.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The following table presents the detail of deferred revenue as recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Loans	$	490,510	$	275,681
PPAs and leases	22,345		17,274
Solar receivables	4,668		4,864
Total (1)	$	517,523	$	297,819

(1) Of this amount, $24.5 million and $15.3 million is recorded in other current liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue of $5.6 million and $6.6 million, respectively, from amounts recorded in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective years.

New Accounting Guidance

New accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are adopted as of the specified effective date.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In March 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, to eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning in January 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

(3) Property and Equipment

The following table presents the detail of property and equipment, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Useful Lives	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in years)	(in thousands)
Solar energy systems	35	$	3,442,340	$	2,917,721
Construction in progress		356,213		188,518
Asset retirement obligations	30	53,168		45,264
Information technology systems	3	52,203		49,673
Computers and equipment	3-5	4,440		3,085
Leasehold improvements	3-6	4,437		3,160
Furniture and fixtures	7	1,132		1,132
Vehicles	4-5	1,638		1,638
Other	5-6	157		157
Property and equipment, gross		3,915,728		3,210,348
Less: accumulated depreciation		(378,551)		(300,735)
Property and equipment, net		$	3,537,177	$	2,909,613

Solar Energy Systems.    The amounts included in the above table for solar energy systems and substantially all the construction in progress relate to our customer contracts (including PPAs and leases). These assets had accumulated depreciation of $333.9 million and $264.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(4) Natural Disaster Losses

We have insurance coverage related to property damage and business interruption. When a solar energy system is damaged by a natural disaster, we impair all or a portion of the net book value to operations and maintenance expense in the period for which the amount is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Insurance proceeds for property damage, up to the amount of impairment expense recorded for property damage, are estimated and recorded as a receivable (recorded in accounts receivable—other in the consolidated balance sheet) and a reduction to operations and maintenance expense when the receipt of the proceeds is deemed probable. Insurance proceeds for property damage that exceed the amount of impairment expense recorded and insurance proceeds related to business interruption are recorded when received, as a reduction to operations and maintenance expense. Costs incurred to repair or replace a solar energy system are capitalized (recorded in property and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet) and are classified as an investing cash outflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Insurance proceeds received for property damage are classified as an investing cash inflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Insurance proceeds received for business interruption are classified as an operating cash inflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico.    In September 2022, Hurricane Fiona made landfall in Puerto Rico causing significant wind and water damage to the island's infrastructure, residences and businesses. A majority of Puerto Rico was left without electrical power. In addition, other basic utility and infrastructure services (such as water, communications, ports and other transportation networks) were severely curtailed. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems.

18

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Hurricane Ian in Florida.    In September 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall in Florida causing catastrophic wind and water damage to the state's infrastructure, residences and businesses. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred (a) $980,000 related to third-parties helping our customers, primarily restarting batteries and (b) $181,000 related to employees performing similar type work or other work related to the hurricanes. The following table presents the impact of the natural disaster losses as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operations and maintenance expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	$	980	$	—
General and administrative expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	181		—
Total	$	1,161	$	—

(5) Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions

The following table presents the detail of other current assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Inventory	$	186,572	$	127,955
Restricted cash	14,584		80,213
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,061		56,074
Other prepaid assets	20,858		14,920
Current portion of investments in solar receivables	7,156		6,787
Prepaid inventory	1,065		4,835
Deferred receivables	11,070		4,818
Other	681		719
Total	$	336,047	$	296,321

The following table presents the detail of other assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Construction in progress - customer notes receivable	$	391,435	$	238,791
Exclusivity and other bonus arrangements with dealers, net	106,089		81,756
Investments in solar receivables	64,500		75,871
Restricted cash	112,676		68,583
Straight-line revenue adjustment, net	50,699		43,367
Other	195,235		62,768
Total	$	920,634	$	571,136

The following table presents the detail of other current liabilities as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated

19

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Interest payable	$	20,752	$	22,740
Deferred revenue	24,523		15,273
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	2,519		3,175
Current portion of operating and finance lease liability	3,002		1,850
Other	297		1,312
Total	$	51,093	$	44,350

(6) Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")

AROs consist primarily of costs to remove solar energy system assets and costs to restore the solar energy system sites to the original condition, which we estimate based on current market rates. For each solar energy system, we recognize the fair value of the ARO as a liability and capitalize that cost as part of the cost basis of the related solar energy system. The related assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 30 years, which is the estimated average time a solar energy system will be installed in a location before being removed, and the related liabilities are accreted to the full value over the same period of time. We revise our estimated future liabilities based on recent actual experiences, including third party cost estimates, average size of solar energy systems and inflation rates, which we evaluate at least annually. Changes in our estimated future liabilities are recorded as either a reduction or addition in the carrying amount of the remaining unamortized asset and the ARO and either decrease or increase our depreciation and accretion expense amounts prospectively. The following table presents the changes in AROs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	54,396	$	41,788
Additional obligations incurred	7,962		7,010
Accretion expense	2,687		2,094
Other	(79)		(69)
Balance at end of period	$	64,966	$	50,823

(7) Customer Notes Receivable

We offer a loan program, under which the customer finances the purchase of a solar energy system or energy storage system through a solar service agreement for a term of 10, 15 or 25 years. The following table presents the detail of customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding fair values:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Customer notes receivable	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285
Allowance for credit losses	(67,988)		(41,138)
Customer notes receivable, net (1)	$	2,166,324	$	1,260,147
Estimated fair value, net	$	2,172,904	$	1,274,099

(1)    Of this amount, $94.1 million and $56.1 million is recorded in other current assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

20

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	57,043	$	26,018	$	41,138	$	17,668
Provision for current expected credit losses (1)	10,945		6,518		26,814		14,867
Recoveries	—		—		36		—
Other, net	—		(1)		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	67,988	$	32,535	$	67,988	$	32,535

(1)    In addition, we recognized $22,000 and $49,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $67,000 and $165,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of provision for current expected credit losses related to our long-term receivables for our customer leases.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we invested $391.4 million and $238.8 million, respectively, in loan solar energy systems and energy storage systems not yet placed in service. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income related to our customer notes receivable was $15.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income related to our customer notes receivable was $39.1 million and $23.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, accrued interest receivable related to our customer notes receivable was $5.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was $9.0 million and $0, respectively, of customer notes receivable not accruing interest and there was $196,000 and $0, respectively, of allowance recorded for loans on nonaccrual status. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income of $0 was recognized for loans on nonaccrual status and accrued interest receivable of $8,000 and $0, respectively, was written off by reversing interest income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income of $0 was recognized for loans on nonaccrual status and accrued interest receivable of $505,000 and $0, respectively, was written off by reversing interest income.

We consider the performance of our customer notes receivable portfolio and its impact on our allowance for credit losses. We also evaluate the credit quality based on the aging status and payment activity. The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost of customer notes receivable:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
1-90 days past due	$	49,973	$	23,118
91-180 days past due	10,954		5,068
Greater than 180 days past due	11,163		10,277
Total past due	72,090		38,463
Not past due	2,162,222		1,262,822
Total	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amortized cost of our customer notes receivable more than 90 days past due but not on nonaccrual status was $22.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The following table presents the amortized cost by origination year of our customer notes receivable based on payment activity.

	Amortized Cost by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(in thousands)
Payment performance:
Performing	$	992,684	$	750,087	$	229,865	$	118,039	$	77,315	$	55,159	$	2,223,149
Nonperforming (1)	491		5,970		1,454		1,626		1,161		461		11,163
Total	$	993,175	$	756,057	$	231,319	$	119,665	$	78,476	$	55,620	$	2,234,312

(1)    A nonperforming loan is a loan in which the customer is in default and has not made any scheduled principal or interest payments for 181 days or more.

(8) Long-Term Debt

Our subsidiaries with long-term debt include Sunnova Energy Corporation, Sunnova EZ-Own Portfolio, LLC ("EZOP"), Sunnova Helios II Issuer, LLC ("HELII"), Sunnova RAYS I Issuer, LLC ("RAYSI"), Sunnova Helios III Issuer, LLC ("HELIII"), Sunnova TEP Holdings, LLC ("TEPH"), Sunnova Sol Issuer, LLC ("SOLI"), Sunnova Helios IV Issuer, LLC ("HELIV"), Sunnova Asset Portfolio 8, LLC ("AP8"), Sunnova Sol II Issuer, LLC ("SOLII"), Sunnova Helios V Issuer, LLC ("HELV"), Sunnova Sol III Issuer, LLC ("SOLIII"), Sunnova Helios VI Issuer, LLC ("HELVI"), Sunnova Helios VII Issuer, LLC ("HELVII"), Sunnova Helios VIII Issuer, LLC ("HELVIII"), Sunnova Sol IV Issuer, LLC ("SOLIV") and Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC ("HELIX"). The following table presents the detail of long-term debt, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of September 30, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of December 31, 2021
			Long-term		Current				Long-term		Current
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
SEI
0.25% convertible senior notes	0.71	%	$	575,000	$	—	0.70	%	$	575,000	$	—
2.625% convertible senior notes	3.38	%	600,000		—				—		—
Debt discount, net			(25,596)		—				(12,810)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(916)		—				(547)		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation
5.875% senior notes	6.54	%	400,000		—		6.42	%	400,000		—
Debt discount, net			(3,885)		—				(4,629)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,846)		—				(9,341)		—
EZOP
Revolving credit facility	4.40	%	409,000		—		4.12	%	190,000		—
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(898)		—
HELII
Solar asset-backed notes	5.72	%	204,016		8,632		5.71	%	217,465		8,952
Debt discount, net			(31)		—				(36)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,763)		—				(4,346)		—
RAYSI
Solar asset-backed notes	5.56	%	107,538		9,120		5.55	%	115,792		4,573
Debt discount, net			(1,006)		—				(1,166)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,558)		—				(3,893)		—
HELIII
Solar loan-backed notes	4.43	%	96,700		10,555		4.79	%	105,331		10,916
Debt discount, net			(1,610)		—				(1,838)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(1,546)		—				(1,765)		—
TEPH

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revolving credit facility	7.23	%	317,200		—		6.86	%	118,950		—
Debt discount, net			(2,310)		—				(3,678)		—
SOLI
Solar asset-backed notes	3.93	%	353,484		15,998		3.91	%	366,304		15,563
Debt discount, net			(90)		—				(100)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,093)		—				(7,881)		—
HELIV
Solar loan-backed notes	4.17	%	107,550		11,659		4.16	%	116,579		11,937
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(724)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,772)		—				(3,283)		—
AP8
Revolving credit facility	—	%	—		—		7.17	%	—		—
SOLII
Solar asset-backed notes	3.42	%	234,214		6,379		3.42	%	241,293		6,176
Debt discount, net			(66)		—				(72)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,730)		—				(5,192)		—
HELV
Solar loan-backed notes	2.47	%	145,470		15,590		2.44	%	150,743		21,354
Debt discount, net			(728)		—				(840)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,803)		—				(3,230)		—
SOLIII
Solar asset-backed notes	2.79	%	281,098		16,561		2.73	%	294,069		16,590
Debt discount, net			(121)		—				(132)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(5,799)		—				(6,319)		—
HELVI
Solar loan-backed notes	2.09	%	168,510		19,289		2.02	%	181,625		21,152
Debt discount, net			(42)		—				(48)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,051)		—				(3,477)		—
HELVII
Solar loan-backed notes	2.50	%	129,349		16,026		2.44	%	141,407		12,580
Debt discount, net			(40)		—				(45)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,294)		—				(2,587)		—
HELVIII
Solar loan-backed notes	3.54	%	253,739		30,221				—		—
Debt discount, net			(5,487)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,250)		—				—		—
SOLIV
Solar asset-backed notes	5.70	%	341,900		7,932				—		—
Debt discount, net			(11,620)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(8,305)		—				—		—
HELIX
Solar loan-backed notes	5.41	%	202,043		23,169				—		—
Debt discount, net			(3,725)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,417)		—				—		—
Total			$	4,807,107	$	191,131			$	3,135,681	$	129,793

Availability.    As of September 30, 2022, we had $348.5 million of available borrowing capacity under our various financing arrangements, consisting of $41.0 million under the EZOP revolving credit facility, $247.5 million under the TEPH revolving credit facility and $60.0 million under the AP8 revolving credit facility. There was no available borrowing capacity under any of our other financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under our financing arrangements.

Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates.    The weighted average effective interest rates disclosed in the table above are the weighted average stated interest rates for each debt instrument plus the effect on interest expense for other items classified

23

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

as interest expense, such as the amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of debt discounts and commitment fees on unused balances for the period of time the debt was outstanding during the indicated periods.

HELVIII Debt.    In February 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar loans and the related receivables into HELVIII, a special purpose entity, that issued $131.9 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class A solar loan-backed notes, $102.2 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class B solar loan-backed notes and $63.8 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class C solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELVIII Notes") with a maturity date of February 2049. The HELVIII Notes were issued at a discount of 1.55% for Class A, 2.23% for Class B and 2.62% for Class C and bear interest at an annual rate of 2.79%, 3.13% and 3.53%, respectively. The cash flows generated by these solar loans are used to service the monthly principal and interest payments on the HELVIII Notes and satisfy HELVIII's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Helios VIII Depositor, LLC, HELVIII's sole member. In connection with the HELVIII Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to management and service agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed, among other things, (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to management and servicing agreements and (b) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar loans eventually sold to HELVIII pursuant to the related sale and contribution agreement. HELVIII is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the HELVIII Notes, each of which must be funded at all times to the levels specified in the HELVIII Notes. The holders of the HELVIII Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the HELVIII Notes.

EZOP Debt.    In June 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) extend the scheduled commitment termination date to May 2024, (b) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (c) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, subject to reductions based on the outstanding principal balance of advances over certain time periods, (d) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $350.0 million to $475.0 million, (e) modify the interest rate on borrowings from accruing based on the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate to accruing based on a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate ("Term SOFR"), plus a Term SOFR spread adjustment, (f) add an amortization event related to certain of our subsidiaries ceasing to originate solar loans (subject to certain thresholds, time periods and exceptions set forth therein), (g) add concentration limits for solar loans (1) with obligors with credit scores below certain thresholds and (2) for which the original principal balance exceeds a certain threshold and (h) modify eligibility requirements for solar loans to increase the permitted maximum original principal balance. In July 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $475.0 million to $535.0 million until the earlier to occur of (a) September 29, 2022 and (b) the date upon which a specific sale of borrowing base assets and a related prepayment of outstanding debt thereunder occurs, upon the occurrence of which the uncommitted maximum facility amount will return to $475.0 million. In August 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $400.0 million to $450.0 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $535.0 million to $585.0 million, (c) amend certain provisions addressing the allocation of advances and principal payments among the lenders, (d) amend certain provisions addressing lender consent rights and related matters and (e) include certain provisions addressing service incentives and related matters. In August 2022, proceeds from the HELIX Notes (as defined below) were used to repay $151.0 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding EZOP debt. In September 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) decrease the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $585.0 million to $575.0 million and (b) amend certain provisions related to the agent's allocation of certain payments made to the lenders.

SOLIV Debt.    In June 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar energy systems and the related asset receivables into wholly-owned subsidiaries of SOLIV, a special purpose entity, that issued $317.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class A solar asset-backed notes and $38.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class B solar asset-backed notes (collectively, the "SOLIV Notes") with a maturity date of April 2057. The SOLIV Notes were issued at a discount of 3.55% and 2.10%, respectively, and bear interest at an annual rate equal to 4.95% and 6.35%, respectively. The cash flows generated by the solar energy systems of SOLIV's subsidiaries are used to service the quarterly principal and interest payments on the SOLIV Notes and satisfy SOLIV's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Sol IV Depositor, LLC, SOLIV's sole member. In connection with the SOLIV Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to a transaction management agreement and management and servicing agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to a transaction management agreement and management and servicing agreements, (b) the managing members' obligations, in such capacity, under the related financing fund's limited liability company agreement and (c) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar energy systems eventually sold to SOLIV pursuant to the sale and contribution agreement. SOLIV is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the SOLIV Notes, each of which must remain funded at all times to the levels specified in the SOLIV Notes. The indenture requires SOLIV to track the debt service coverage ratio (such ratio, the

24

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

"DSCR") of (a) the amount of certain payments received from customers, certain performance based incentives, certain energy credits and any applicable insurance proceeds as of a specific date to (b) interest and scheduled principal due on the SOLIV Notes as of such date, with the potential to enter into an early amortization period if the DSCR drops below a certain threshold. The holders of the SOLIV Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the SOLIV Notes.

TEPH Debt.    In June 2022, proceeds from the SOLIV Notes were used to repay $271.0 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding TEPH debt. In September 2022, we amended the TEPH revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $460.7 million to $564.7 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $600.0 million to $639.7 million, (c) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (d) amend certain excess concentration limitations, (e) replace the London interbank offered rate with the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate as the interest rate benchmark and include benchmark replacement provisions and (f) include certain provisions addressing grid services revenue and related matters. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

HELIX Debt.    In August 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar loans and the related receivables into HELIX, a special purpose entity, that issued $178.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class A solar loan-backed notes and $49.7 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class B solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELIX Notes") with a maturity date of August 2049. The HELIX Notes were issued at a discount of 0.69% for Class A and 5.10% for Class B and bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% and 6.00%, respectively. The cash flows generated by these solar loans are used to service the monthly principal and interest payments on the HELIX Notes and satisfy HELIX's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC, HELIX's sole member. In connection with the HELIX Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to management and service agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed, among other things, (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to management and servicing agreements and (b) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar loans eventually sold to HELIX pursuant to the related sale and contribution agreement. HELIX is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the HELIX Notes, each of which must be funded at all times to the levels specified in the HELIX Notes. The holders of the HELIX Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the HELIX Notes.

SEI Debt.    In August 2022, we issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of our 2.625% convertible senior notes ("2.625% convertible senior notes") in a private placement at a discount to the initial purchasers of 2.5%, for an aggregate purchase price of $585.0 million. The 2.625% convertible senior notes mature in February 2028 unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. In connection with the pricing of the 2.625% convertible senior notes, we used proceeds of $48.4 million to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are expected to reduce the potential dilution to common shares and/or offset potential cash payments that could be required to be made in excess of the principal amount upon any exchange of notes. Such reduction and/or offset is subject to a cap initially equal to $34.24 per share, subject to adjustments. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of our common stock initially underlying the 2.625% convertible senior notes. As the capped call transactions meet certain accounting criteria, they are classified as stockholders' equity and therefore, are recorded in additional paid-in capital—common stock in the consolidated balance sheet and are not accounted for as derivatives.

25

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fair Values of Long-Term Debt.    The fair values of our long-term debt and the corresponding carrying amounts are as follows:

	As of September 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
SEI 0.25% convertible senior notes	$	575,000	$	522,821	$	575,000	$	568,732
SEI 2.625% convertible senior notes	600,000		593,971		—		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation 5.875% senior notes	400,000		365,699		400,000		391,917
EZOP revolving credit facility	409,000		409,000		190,000		190,000
HELII solar asset-backed notes	212,648		208,627		226,417		253,079
RAYSI solar asset-backed notes	116,658		106,933		120,365		129,575
HELIII solar loan-backed notes	107,255		97,083		116,247		120,465
TEPH revolving credit facility	317,200		317,200		118,950		118,950
SOLI solar asset-backed notes	369,482		320,655		381,867		382,511
HELIV solar loan-backed notes	119,209		105,559		128,516		123,189
SOLII solar asset-backed notes	240,593		193,442		247,469		231,894
HELV solar loan-backed notes	161,060		141,723		172,097		165,848
SOLIII solar asset-backed notes	297,659		245,034		310,659		302,994
HELVI solar loan-backed notes	187,799		161,195		202,777		199,159
HELVII solar loan-backed notes	145,375		127,664		153,987		153,518
HELVIII solar loan-backed notes	283,960		257,707		—		—
SOLIV solar asset-backed notes	349,832		342,301		—		—
HELIX solar loan-backed notes	225,212		214,374		—		—
Total (1)	$	5,117,942	$	4,730,988	$	3,344,351	$	3,331,831

(1) Amounts exclude the net deferred financing costs (classified as debt) and net debt discounts of $119.7 million and $78.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

For the EZOP, TEPH and AP8 debt, the estimated fair values approximate the carrying amounts primarily due to the variable nature of the interest rates of the underlying instruments. For the convertible senior notes, senior notes and the HELII, RAYSI, HELIII, SOLI, HELIV, SOLII, HELV, SOLIII, HELVI, HELVII, HELVIII, SOLIV and HELIX debt, we determined the estimated fair values based on a yield analysis of similar type debt.

(9) Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on EZOP Debt.    During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, EZOP entered into interest rate swaps and caps for an aggregate notional amount of $506.6 million and $180.2 million, respectively, to economically hedge its exposure to the variable interest rates on a portion of the outstanding EZOP debt. No collateral was posted for the interest rate swaps and caps as they are secured under the EZOP revolving credit facility. In July 2022, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps and caps began decreasing to match EZOP's estimated monthly principal payments on the debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, EZOP unwound interest rate swaps and caps with an aggregate notional amount of $360.2 million and $131.7 million, respectively, and recorded a realized gain of $19.6 million and a realized loss of $68,000, respectively.

Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on TEPH Debt.    During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, TEPH entered into interest rate swaps and caps for an aggregate notional amount of $333.7 million and $236.3 million, respectively, to economically hedge its exposure to the variable interest rates on a portion of the outstanding TEPH debt. No collateral was posted for the interest rate swaps and caps as they are secured under the TEPH revolving credit facility. In October 2023, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps will begin decreasing to match TEPH's estimated quarterly principal payments on the debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, TEPH unwound interest rate swaps and caps with an aggregate notional amount of $515.4 million and $121.3 million, respectively, and recorded a realized gain of $27.8 million and a realized loss of $1.6 million, respectively.

26

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents a summary of the outstanding derivative instruments:

	As of September 30, 2022					As of December 31, 2021
	Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount		Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
EZOP	June 2022 - July 2022	July 2034	0.890%	$	499,215	March 2021 - March 2022	July 2033 - July 2034	1.000%	$	261,836
TEPH	July 2022	January 2035 - October 2037	1.750% - 2.650%	333,749		February 2019 - January 2023	January 2023 - January 2036	0.121% - 2.534%	270,170
Total				$	832,964				$	532,006

The following table presents the fair value of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Other assets	$	117,544	$	14,351
Other long-term liabilities	—		(5,330)
Total, net	$	117,544	$	9,021

We did not designate the interest rate swaps and caps as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. As a result, we recognize changes in fair value immediately in interest expense, net. The following table presents the impact of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Realized (gain) loss	$	(1,928)	$	586	$	(47,434)	$	1,693
Unrealized gain	(29,059)		(2,642)		(35,685)		(5,574)
Total	$	(30,987)	$	(2,056)	$	(83,119)	$	(3,881)

(10) Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate is 0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Total income tax differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to loss before income tax primarily as a result of our valuation allowance. We assessed whether we had any significant uncertain tax positions taken in a filed tax return, planned to be taken in a future tax return or claim, or otherwise subject to interpretation and determined there were none not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position, or prospectively approved when such approval may be sought in advance. Accordingly, we recorded no reserve for uncertain tax positions. Should a provision for any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, it is our policy to accrue for such in our income tax accounts. There were no such accruals as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and we do not expect a significant change in gross unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. Our tax years after 2011 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and by the taxing authorities in the states and territories in which we operate.

(11) Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

In May 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-E, LLC ("TEP6E"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-E Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6E. The Class A member of TEP6E made a total capital commitment of approximately $17.5 million. The carrying values of the redeemable noncontrolling interests were

27

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

equal to or greater than the redemption values as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

Noncontrolling Interests

In February 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-B, LLC ("TEP6B"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-B Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6B. The Class A member of TEP6B made a total capital commitment of approximately $150.0 million. In September 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-D, LLC ("TEP6D"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-D Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6D. The Class A member of TEP6D made a total capital commitment of approximately $25.0 million. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

(12) Stockholders' Equity

In April 2022, we issued 694,446 shares of our common stock to Lenx, LLC pursuant to the terms of the earnout agreement entered into in connection with the SunStreet acquisition.

(13) Equity-Based Compensation

In February 2022, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP") was increased by 1,265,071, an amount which, together with the shares remaining available for grant under the LTIP, is equal to 5,667,761, or 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Number of Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
							(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	2,765,815	$	16.71	4.91			$	31,874
Granted	538,758	$	27.62	9.48	$	14.37
Exercised	(2,884)	$	10.14				$	46
Forfeited	(1,966)	$	40.14		$	18.15
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	2,710,515	$	16.26	4.07			$	18,379
Vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Non-vested, September 30, 2022	589,208				$	14.71

The number of stock options that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 0. The number of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 16,816 and 0, respectively. The grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0. The grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $309,000 and $0, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $7.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.13 years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1,649,789	$	18.48
Granted	1,015,949	$	23.85
Vested	(948,404)	$	19.47
Forfeited	(62,939)	$	25.86
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	1,654,395	$	20.93

The number of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 245,740 and 240,010, respectively. The number of restricted stock units that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 948,404 and 913,434, respectively. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $3.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $18.5 million and $15.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $27.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.55 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Effective May 2022, we established an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). We are authorized to issue up to an aggregate 750,000 shares of common stock under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees (as defined in the ESPP) to purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to 95% of the lesser of the closing price of our common stock on the grant date or the purchase date. No shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP as of September 30, 2022.

(14) Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(62,047)	$	(27,541)	$	(132,633)	$	(123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.54)	$	(0.25)	$	(1.16)	$	(1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted	114,816,879		112,159,698		114,293,251		110,185,333

The following table presents the weighted average shares of common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Equity-based compensation awards	5,033,658	4,574,364	4,906,182	4,727,081
Convertible senior notes	25,294,010	16,628,073	19,548,462	8,875,206

29

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(15) Commitments and Contingencies

Legal.    We are a party to a number of lawsuits, claims and governmental proceedings which are ordinary, routine matters incidental to our business. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we periodically have disputes with dealers and customers. We do not expect the outcomes of these matters to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Performance Guarantee Obligations.    As of September 30, 2022, we recorded $3.9 million related to our guarantee of certain specified minimum solar energy production output under our leases and loans, of which $2.5 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $1.4 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded $5.3 million related to these guarantees, of which $3.2 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $2.1 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The changes in our aggregate performance guarantee obligations are as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	5,293	$	5,718
Accruals	1,811		2,323
Settlements	(3,170)		(3,275)
Balance at end of period	$	3,934	$	4,766

Operating and Finance Leases.    We lease real estate and certain office equipment under operating leases and vehicles and certain other office equipment under finance leases. The following table presents the detail of lease expense as recorded in general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	676	$	401	$	2,061	$	1,164
Finance lease expense:
Amortization expense	201		157		562		251
Interest on lease liabilities	15		14		42		24
Short-term lease expense	37		29		97		51
Variable lease expense	190		274		712		831
Total	$	1,119	$	875	$	3,474	$	2,321

30

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the detail of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as recorded in other assets and other current liabilities/other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Right-of-use assets:
Operating leases	$	15,193	$	16,483
Finance leases	2,384		2,187
Total right-of-use assets	$	17,577	$	18,670
Current lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,267	$	1,190
Finance leases	735		660
Long-term leases liabilities:
Operating leases	16,136		17,684
Finance leases	963		1,024
Total lease liabilities	$	20,101	$	20,558

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	1,242	$	883
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	42	$	24
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	601	$	283
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	226	$	452
Finance leases	$	758	$	2,089

(1)Includes reimbursements in 2022 and 2021 of approximately $45,000 and $423,000, respectively, for leasehold improvements.

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	6.85		7.54
Finance leases	2.93		3.35
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	3.95	%	3.92	%
Finance leases	3.83	%	3.11	%

31

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Future minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	653	$	205
2023	3,133		750
2024	3,118		542
2025	3,168		248
2026	3,236		44
2027 and thereafter	8,789		—
Total	22,097		1,789
Amount representing interest	(2,821)		(91)
Amount representing leasehold incentives	(873)		—
Present value of future payments	18,403		1,698
Current portion of lease liability	(2,267)		(735)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	16,136	$	963

Guarantees or Indemnifications.    We enter into contracts that include indemnifications and guarantee provisions. In general, we enter into contracts with indemnities for matters such as breaches of representations and warranties and covenants contained in the contract and/or against certain specified liabilities. Examples of these contracts include dealer agreements, debt agreements, asset purchases and sales agreements, service agreements and procurement agreements. We are unable to estimate our maximum potential exposure under these agreements until an event triggering payment occurs. We do not expect to make any material payments under these agreements.

Dealer Commitments.    As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unamortized balance of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other similar arrangements was $106.1 million and $81.8 million, respectively. Under these agreements, we paid $6.7 million and $5.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and we paid $33.6 million and $25.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We could be obligated to make maximum payments, excluding additional amounts payable on a per watt basis if even higher thresholds are met, as follows:

	Dealer Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	3,528
2023	35,977
2024	37,755
2025	27,971
2026	6,904
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	112,135

Purchase Commitments.    In December 2021, we amended an agreement with a supplier in which we agreed to purchase at least 1,420 megawatt hours of solar energy systems, energy storage systems and accessories through December 2023. The amendment does not contain specific dollar amounts or thresholds; however, as of September 30, 2022, we estimate these remaining purchase commitments will range from $480.0 million to $520.0 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we purchased $55.4 million and $141.1 million, respectively, under this agreement.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Information Technology Commitments.    We have certain long-term contractual commitments related to information technology software services and licenses. Future commitments as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Information Technology Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	16,011
2023	22,918
2024	5,612
2025	18
2026	—
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	44,559

(16) Subsequent Events

TEPH Debt.    In October 2022, we amended the TEPH revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $564.7 million to $600.0 million and (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $639.7 million to $689.7 million.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests.    In October 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-C, LLC ("TEP6C"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-C Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6C. The Class A member of TEP6C made a total capital commitment of approximately $30.0 million.

Noncontrolling Interests.    In October 2022, the Class A member of TEP6D increased its capital commitment from $25.0 million to $75.0 million.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those discussed under "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" above and "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements", "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 24, 2022, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022 and July 28, 2022 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Sunnova," "the Company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Company Overview

We are a leading residential energy service provider, serving over 246,000 customers in more than 35 United States ("U.S.") states and territories. Our goal is to be the source of clean, affordable and reliable energy with a simple mission: to power energy independence so homeowners have the freedom to live life uninterrupted. We were founded to deliver customers a better energy service at a better price; and, through our energy service offerings, we are disrupting the traditional energy landscape and the way the 21st century customer generates and consumes electricity.

We have a differentiated residential solar dealer model in which we partner with local dealers who originate, design and install our customers' solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related products and services on our behalf. Our focus on our dealer model enables us to leverage our dealers' specialized knowledge, connections and experience in local markets to drive customer origination while providing our dealers with access to high quality products at competitive prices, as well as technical oversight and expertise. We believe this structure provides operational flexibility, reduces exposure to labor shortages and lowers fixed costs relative to our peers, furthering our competitive advantage.

We offer customers products to power their homes with affordable solar energy and related products and services. We are able to offer savings compared to utility-based retail rates with little to no up-front expense to the customer in conjunction with solar and solar plus energy storage, and, in the case of the latter, are able to also provide energy resiliency. Our solar service agreements typically take the form of a lease, power purchase agreement ("PPA") or loan; however, we also offer service plans for systems we did not originate. We make it possible in some states for a customer to obtain a new roof and other ancillary products as part of their solar loan. We also allow customers originated through our homebuilder channel the option of purchasing the system when the customer closes on the purchase of a new home. The initial term of our solar service agreements is typically between 10 and 25 years. Service is an integral part of our agreements and includes operations and maintenance, monitoring, repairs and replacements, equipment upgrades, on-site power optimization for the customer (for both supply and demand), the ability to efficiently switch power sources among the solar panel, grid and energy storage system, as appropriate, and diagnostics. During the life of the contract, we have the opportunity to integrate related and evolving home servicing and monitoring technologies to upgrade the flexibility and reduce the cost of our customers' energy supply.

In the case of leases and PPAs, we also currently receive tax benefits and other incentives from federal, state and local governments, a portion of which we finance through tax equity, non-recourse debt structures and hedging arrangements in order to fund our upfront costs, overhead and growth investments. We have an established track record of attracting capital from diverse sources. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have raised more than $11.2 billion in total capital commitments from equity, debt and tax equity investors.

In addition to providing ongoing service as a standard component of our solar service agreements, we also offer ongoing energy services to customers who purchased their solar energy system through third parties. Under these arrangements, we agree to provide monitoring, maintenance and repair services to these customers for the life of the service contract they sign with us. We also offer complimentary products to our agreements as well as non-solar financing. Specifically, our offerings include a non-solar loan program enabling customers to finance the purchase of products independent of a solar energy system or energy storage system. We believe the quality and scope of our comprehensive energy service offerings, whether to customers that obtained their solar energy system through us or through another party, is a key differentiator between us and our competitors.

34

In April 2021, we acquired SunStreet, Lennar Corporation's ("Lennar") residential solar platform that focuses primarily on solar energy systems and energy storage systems for homebuilders. In connection with that acquisition, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which we would be the exclusive residential solar and storage provider for Lennar's new home communities with solar across the U.S. for a period of four years. We believe the acquisition provides a new strategic path to further scale our residential solar business, reduces customer acquisition costs, provides a multi-year supply of homesites through the development of new home solar communities and allows us to pursue the development of clean and resilient residential microgrids across the U.S.

We also enter into leases with third-party owners of pools of solar energy systems to receive such third party's interest in those systems. In connection therewith, we assume the related customer PPA and lease obligations, entitling us to future customer cash flows as well as certain credits, rebates and incentives (including SRECs) under those agreements, in exchange for a lease payment, whether upfront or over time, to the third-party owner, which may be made in the form of cash or shares of our common stock. We believe such arrangements enhance our long-term contracted cash flows and are complementary to our overall business model.

We commenced operations in January 2013 and began providing solar energy services under our first solar energy system in April 2013. Since then, our brand, innovation and focused execution have driven significant, rapid growth in our market share and in the number of customers on our platform. We operate one of the largest fleets of residential solar energy systems in the U.S., comprising more than 1,473 megawatts of generation capacity and serving over 246,000 customers.

Recent Developments

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "IRA") was signed into law. Among other things, the IRA expanded and extended the tax credits available to solar energy projects in an effort to achieve President Biden's non-binding target of net-zero emissions by 2050. The IRA extends the investment tax credit for eligible solar energy projects through at least 2032 and, depending on the location of a particular project and its ability to satisfy certain labor and domestic content requirements, the percentage can range between 30% and 50%. The IRA also allows qualifying homeowners to deduct up to 30% of the cost of installing residential solar systems from their U.S. federal income taxes, thereby returning a material portion of the purchase price of the residential solar system to homeowners. Under the terms of the current extension, the residential tax credit will remain at 30% through the end of 2032, reduce to 26% for 2033, reduce to 22% for 2034, and further reduce to 0% after the end of 2034 for residential solar systems, unless it is extended before that time.

We believe the IRA will increase demand for our services due to the extensions and expansions of tax credits that are beneficial for financing our business and reducing the costs of our services to our customers. We also expect the IRA will cause substantial investments to be made in domestic manufacturing for renewable energy infrastructure and components, which may reduce the costs of, or improve the availability of, capital goods used in providing our services. However, the impact of the IRA cannot be known with any certainty, and we may not recognize any or all of the expected benefits of the IRA.

Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico

In September 2022, Hurricane Fiona made landfall in Puerto Rico causing significant wind and water damage to the island's infrastructure, residences and businesses. A majority of Puerto Rico was left without electrical power. In addition, other basic utility and infrastructure services (such as water, communications, ports and other transportation networks) were severely curtailed. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems. See Note 4, Natural Disaster Losses, to our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements ("interim financial statements") included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Hurricane Ian in Florida

In September 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall in Florida causing catastrophic wind and water damage to the state's infrastructure, residences and businesses. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems. See Note 4, Natural Disaster Losses, to our interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

35

COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted and may continue to result in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy. We have experienced some resulting disruptions to our business operations due to the COVID-19 virus and its impacts.

Social distancing guidelines, stay-at-home orders and similar measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as actions by individuals to reduce their potential exposure to the virus, contributed to a decline in origination. This decline reflected an inability by our dealers to perform in-person sales calls based on the stay-at-home orders in some locations. To adjust to these government measures, our dealers expanded the use of digital tools and origination channels and created new methods that offset restrictions on their ability to meet with potential new customers in person. Such efforts drove an increase in new contract origination. We have seen the use of websites, video conferencing and other virtual tools as part of our origination process expand widely and contribute to our growth.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to service and install solar energy systems and energy storage systems. The industry is currently facing shortages and shipping delays affecting the supply of energy storage systems, modules and component parts for inverters and racking used in solar energy systems. These shortages and delays can be attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and to government action in response to the pandemic, as well as to allegations regarding the use of forced labor in the Chinese polysilicon supply chain. While a majority of our dealers have secured sufficient quantities to permit them to continue installing and conducting repairs through much of 2022, if these shortages and delays persist, they could impact the timing of when solar energy systems and energy storage systems can be installed and repaired and when we can acquire and begin to generate revenue from those systems. In addition, if supply chains become significantly disrupted due to additional outbreaks of the COVID-19 virus or otherwise, or more stringent health and safety guidelines are implemented, our ability to install and service solar energy systems and energy storage systems could become adversely impacted.

We cannot predict the full impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time due to numerous uncertainties. We will continue to monitor developments affecting our workforce, our customers and our business operations generally, and will take actions we determine are necessary in order to mitigate these impacts.

Financing Transactions

In September 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $25.0 million. In October 2022, a tax equity investor increased its capital commitment from $25.0 million to $75.0 million. In October 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $30.0 million. See "—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Arrangements—Tax Equity Fund Commitments" below.

In July 2022, we amended a revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $475.0 million to $535.0 million until the earlier to occur of (a) September 29, 2022 and (b) the date upon which a specific sale of borrowing base assets and a related prepayment of outstanding debt thereunder occurs, upon the occurrence of which the uncommitted maximum facility amount will return to $475.0 million. In August 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $400.0 million to $450.0 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $535.0 million to $585.0 million, (c) amend certain provisions addressing the allocation of advances and principal payments among the lenders, (d) amend certain provisions addressing lender consent rights and related matters and (e) include certain provisions addressing service incentives and related matters. In September 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) decrease the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $585.0 million to $575.0 million and (b) amend certain provisions related to the agent's allocation of certain payments made to the lenders. In August 2022, one of our subsidiaries used proceeds from the HELIX Notes (as defined below) to repay $151.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding under its financing arrangement. In September 2022, we amended a revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $460.7 million to $564.7 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $600.0 million to $639.7 million, (c) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (d) amend certain excess concentration limitations, (e) replace the London interbank offered rate with the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate as the interest rate benchmark and include benchmark replacement provisions and (f) include certain provisions addressing grid services revenue and related matters. In October 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $564.7 million to $600.0 million and (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $639.7 million to $689.7 million. See "—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Arrangements—Warehouse and Other Debt Financings" below.

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In August 2022, one of our subsidiaries issued $178.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class A solar loan-backed notes and $49.7 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class B solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELIX Notes") with a maturity date of August 2049. The HELIX Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% and 6.00% for the Class A and Class B notes, respectively. See "—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Arrangements—Securitizations" below.

In August 2022, we issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of our 2.625% convertible senior notes ("2.625% convertible senior notes") in a private placement at a discount to the initial purchasers of 2.5%, for an aggregate purchase price of $585.0 million. The 2.625% convertible senior notes mature in February 2028 unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. In connection with the pricing of the 2.625% convertible senior notes, we used proceeds of $48.4 million to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are expected to reduce the potential dilution to common shares and/or offset potential cash payments that could be required to be made in excess of the principal amount upon any exchange of notes. Such reduction and/or offset is subject to a cap initially equal to $34.24 per share, subject to adjustments. See "—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Arrangements—Senior Notes" below.

Microgrid Application

In September 2022, we applied for a certificate to own and operate residential community microgrids in California. This effort, if successful, would allow us to enter into the regulated utility sector of electric service. Our application focuses on microgrids for new home communities where the installation of the microgrid can be performed together with the construction of the new community. If the application is granted, we will pursue the construction of residential behind-the-meter solar energy systems and energy storage systems that are integrated with community-scale front-of-the-meter solar, energy storage systems, backup generation systems and distribution and microgrid controls, which together will be used to serve the electric requirements for the entire residential community. The microgrids are expected to be connected to the larger grid so we can provide supplemental electricity to our customers from the wholesale market and sell excess electricity and related products to the same market.

Securitizations

As a source of long-term financing, we securitize qualifying solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related solar service agreements into special purpose entities who issue solar asset-backed and solar loan-backed notes to institutional investors. We also securitize the cash flows generated by the membership interests in certain of our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries that are the managing member of a tax equity fund that owns a pool of solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related solar service agreements that were originated by one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The federal government currently provides business investment tax credits under Section 48(a) (the "Section 48(a) ITC") and residential clean energy credits under Section 25D (the "Section 25D Credit") of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). For projects that begin construction after December 31, 2024, the Section 48(a) ITC will be replaced with a new clean energy investment tax credit under Section 48E (the "Section 48E ITC") of the Code. We do not securitize the Section 48(a) ITC incentives, and currently do not plan to securitize any Section 48E ITC incentives, associated with the solar energy systems and energy storage systems as part of these arrangements. We use the cash flows these solar energy systems and energy storage systems generate to service the monthly, quarterly or semi-annual principal and interest payments on the notes and satisfy the expenses and reserve requirements of the special purpose entities, with any remaining cash distributed to their sole members, who are typically our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. In connection with these securitizations, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems and energy storage systems pursuant to management, servicing, facility administration and asset management agreements. The special purpose entities are also typically required to maintain a liquidity reserve account and a reserve account for equipment replacements and, in certain cases, reserve accounts for financing fund purchase option/withdrawal right exercises or storage system replacement for the benefit of the holders under the applicable series of notes, each of which are funded from initial deposits or cash flows to the levels specified therein. The creditors of these special purpose entities have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the terms of the notes. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have issued $3.4 billion in solar asset-backed and solar loan-backed notes.

Tax Equity Funds

Our ability to offer long-term solar service agreements depends in part on our ability to finance the installation of the solar energy systems and energy storage systems by co-investing with tax equity investors, such as large banks who value the resulting customer receivables and Section 48(a) ITCs, accelerated tax depreciation and other incentives related to the solar energy systems and energy storage systems, primarily through structured investments known as "tax equity". Tax equity investments are generally structured as non-recourse project financings known as "tax equity funds". In the context of

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distributed generation solar energy, tax equity investors make contributions upfront or in stages based on milestones in exchange for a share of the tax attributes and cash flows emanating from an underlying portfolio of solar energy systems and energy storage systems. In these tax equity funds, the U.S. federal tax attributes offset taxes that otherwise would have been payable on the investors' other operations. The terms and conditions of each tax equity fund vary significantly by investor and by fund. We continue to negotiate with potential investors to create additional tax equity funds.

In general, our tax equity funds are structured using the "partnership flip" structure. Under partnership flip structures, we and our tax equity investors contribute cash into a partnership. The partnership uses this cash to acquire long-term solar service agreements, solar energy systems and energy storage systems developed by us and sells energy from such solar energy systems and energy storage systems, as applicable, to customers or directly leases the solar energy systems and energy storage systems, as applicable, to customers. We assign these solar service agreements, solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related incentives to our tax equity funds in accordance with the criteria of the specific funds. Upon such assignment and the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent, we are able to draw down on the tax equity fund commitments. The conditions precedent to funding vary across our tax equity funds but generally require that we have entered into a solar service agreement with the customer, the customer meets certain credit criteria, the solar energy system is expected to be eligible for the Section 48(a) ITC, we have a recent appraisal from an independent appraiser establishing the fair market value of the solar energy system and the property is in an approved state or territory. Certain tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis, which varies by tax equity fund. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, the tax equity investor receives substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the solar energy systems and energy storage systems, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) ITCs; however, we typically receive a majority of the cash distributions, which are typically paid quarterly. After the tax equity investor receives its contractual rate of return or after a specified date, we receive substantially all of the cash and tax allocations.

We have determined we are the primary beneficiary in these tax equity funds for accounting purposes. Accordingly, we consolidate the assets and liabilities and operating results of these partnerships in our consolidated financial statements. We recognize the tax equity investors' share of the net assets of the tax equity funds as redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests in our consolidated balance sheets. The income or loss allocations reflected in our consolidated statements of operations may create significant volatility in our reported results of operations, including potentially changing net loss attributable to stockholders to net income attributable to stockholders, or vice versa, from quarter to quarter.

We typically have an option to acquire, and our tax equity investors may have an option to withdraw and require us to purchase, all the equity interests our tax equity investor holds in the tax equity funds starting approximately five years after the last solar energy system in the applicable tax equity fund is operational. If we or our tax equity investors exercise this option, we are typically required to pay at least the fair market value of the tax equity investor's equity interest and, in certain cases, a contractual minimum amount. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have received commitments of approximately $1.4 billion through the use of tax equity funds, of which an aggregate of $1.2 billion has been funded and $53.7 million remains available for use.

Key Financial and Operational Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key operational and financial metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate our financial projections and make strategic decisions.

Number of Customers. We define number of customers to include every unique premises on which a Sunnova product is installed or on which Sunnova is obligated to perform services for a counterparty. We track the total number of customers as an indicator of our historical growth and our rate of growth from period to period.

	As of   September 30, 2022	As of   December 31, 2021	Change
Number of customers	246,600	192,600	54,000

Weighted Average Number of Systems. We calculate the weighted average number of systems based on the number of months a customer and any additional service obligation related to a solar energy system is in-service during a given measurement period. The weighted average number of systems reflects the number of systems at the beginning of a period, plus the total number of new systems added in the period adjusted by a factor that accounts for the partial period nature of those new systems. For purposes of this calculation, we assume all new systems added during a month were added in the middle of that month. The number of systems for any end of period will exceed the number of customers, as defined above, for that same end

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of period as we are also including any additional services and/or contracts a customer or third party executed for the additional work for the same residence. We track the weighted average system count in order to accurately reflect the contribution of the appropriate number of systems to key financial metrics over the measurement period.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted average number of systems (excluding loan agreements and cash sales)	171,600	138,500	163,800	117,800
Weighted average number of systems with loan agreements	60,800	29,000	50,900	24,600
Weighted average number of systems with cash sales	4,300	700	3,300	300
Weighted average number of systems	236,700	168,200	218,000	142,700

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus net interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, income tax expense, financing deal costs, natural disaster losses and related charges, net, losses on extinguishment of long-term debt, realized and unrealized gains and losses on fair value instruments, amortization of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other bonus arrangements, legal settlements and excluding the effect of certain non-recurring items we do not consider to be indicative of our ongoing operating performance such as, but not limited to, costs of our initial public offering ("IPO"), acquisition costs, losses on unenforceable contracts, indemnification payments to tax equity investors and other non-cash items such as non-cash compensation expense, asset retirement obligation ("ARO") accretion expense, provision for current expected credit losses and non-cash inventory impairments.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure we use as a performance measure. We believe investors and securities analysts also use Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance. This measurement is not recognized in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA is net income (loss). The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed to suggest our future results will be unaffected by non-cash or non-recurring items. In addition, our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by other companies.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to management, investors and analysts in providing a measure of core financial performance adjusted to allow for comparisons of results of operations across reporting periods on a consistent basis. These adjustments are intended to exclude items that are not indicative of the ongoing operating performance of the business. Adjusted EBITDA is also used by our management for internal planning purposes, including our consolidated operating budget, and by our board of directors in setting performance-based compensation targets. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to but viewed in conjunction with GAAP results, as we believe it provides a more complete understanding of ongoing business performance and trends than GAAP measures alone. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

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	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net loss	$	(29,852)	$	(25,919)	$	(60,178)	$	(116,255)
Interest expense, net	18,328		26,588		36,275		84,748
Interest income	(16,185)		(9,098)		(40,428)		(24,266)
Income tax expense	—		64		—		64
Depreciation expense	27,594		21,961		78,401		62,286
Amortization expense	7,309		7,204		21,894		14,362
EBITDA	7,194		20,800		35,964		20,939
Non-cash compensation expense	4,463		3,093		20,059		13,937
ARO accretion expense	952		745		2,687		2,094
Financing deal costs	162		480		582		837
Natural disaster losses and related charges, net	1,161		—		1,161		—
Acquisition costs	3,005		1,565		5,622		7,053
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	—		—		—		9,824
Unrealized (gain) loss on fair value instruments	10,625		(8,834)		(4,136)		(4,665)
Amortization of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other bonus arrangements	1,185		832		3,110		2,089
Legal settlements	(1,001)		—		(1,001)		—
Provision for current expected credit losses	10,967		6,567		26,881		15,032
Non-cash inventory impairments	864		—		864		982
Indemnification payments to tax equity investors	1,727		—		1,727		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	41,304	$	25,248	$	93,520	$	68,122

Interest Income and Principal Payments from Customer Notes Receivable. Under our loan agreements, the customer obtains financing for the purchase of a solar energy system from us and we agree to operate and maintain the solar energy system throughout the duration of the agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the loan agreement, the customer makes scheduled principal and interest payments to us and has the option to prepay principal at any time in part or in full. Whereas we typically recognize payments from customers under our leases and PPAs as revenue, we recognize payments received from customers under our loan agreements (a) as interest income, to the extent attributable to earned interest on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system; (b) as a reduction of a note receivable on the balance sheet, to the extent attributable to a return of principal (whether scheduled or prepaid) on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system; and (c) as revenue, to the extent attributable to payments for operations and maintenance services provided by us.

While Adjusted EBITDA effectively captures the operating performance of our leases and PPAs, it only reflects the service portion of the operating performance under our loan agreements. We do not consider our types of solar service agreements differently when evaluating our operating performance. In order to present a measure of operating performance that provides comparability without regard to the different accounting treatment among our three types of solar service agreements, we consider interest income from customer notes receivable and principal proceeds from customer notes receivable, net of related revenue, as key performance metrics. We believe these two metrics provide a more meaningful and uniform method of analyzing our operating performance when viewed in light of our other key performance metrics across the three primary types of solar service agreements.

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	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Interest income from customer notes receivable	$	15,119	$	8,904	$	39,051	$	23,863
Principal proceeds from customer notes receivable, net of related revenue	$	22,284	$	14,333	$	67,478	$	42,408

Adjusted Operating Expense. We define Adjusted Operating Expense as total operating expense less depreciation and amortization expense, financing deal costs, natural disaster losses and related charges, net, amortization of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other bonus arrangements, legal settlements, direct sales costs, cost of revenue related to cash sales, cost of revenue related to inventory sales, unrealized gains and losses on fair value instruments and excluding the effect of certain non-recurring items we do not consider to be indicative of our ongoing operating performance such as, but not limited to, costs of our IPO, acquisition costs, losses on unenforceable contracts, indemnification payments to tax equity investors and other non-cash items such as non-cash compensation expense, ARO accretion expense, provision for current expected credit losses and non-cash inventory impairments. Adjusted Operating Expense is a non-GAAP financial measure we use as a performance measure. We believe investors and securities analysts will also use Adjusted Operating Expense in evaluating our performance. This measurement is not recognized in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to Adjusted Operating Expense is total operating expense. We believe Adjusted Operating Expense is a supplemental financial measure useful to management, analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies as an indicator of the efficiency of our operations between reporting periods. Adjusted Operating Expense should not be considered an alternative to but viewed in conjunction with GAAP total operating expense, as we believe it provides a more complete understanding of our performance than GAAP measures alone. Adjusted Operating Expense has limitations as an analytical tool and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP, including total operating expense.

We use per system metrics, including Adjusted Operating Expense per weighted average system, as an additional way to evaluate our performance. Specifically, we consider the change in this metric from period to period as a way to evaluate our performance in the context of changes we experience in the overall customer base. While the Adjusted Operating Expense figure provides a valuable indicator of our overall performance, evaluating this metric on a per system basis allows for further nuanced understanding by management, investors and analysts of the financial impact of each additional system.

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	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands, except per system data)
Reconciliation of Total Operating Expense, Net to Adjusted Operating Expense:
Total operating expense, net	$	177,085	$	77,077	$	426,756	$	222,558
Depreciation expense	(27,594)		(21,961)		(78,401)		(62,286)
Amortization expense	(7,309)		(7,204)		(21,894)		(14,362)
Non-cash compensation expense	(4,463)		(3,093)		(20,059)		(13,937)
ARO accretion expense	(952)		(745)		(2,687)		(2,094)
Financing deal costs	(162)		(480)		(582)		(837)
Natural disaster losses and related charges, net	(1,161)		—		(1,161)		—
Acquisition costs	(3,005)		(1,565)		(5,622)		(7,053)
Amortization of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other bonus arrangements	(1,185)		(832)		(3,110)		(2,089)
Legal settlements	1,001		—		1,001		—
Provision for current expected credit losses	(10,967)		(6,567)		(26,881)		(15,032)
Non-cash inventory impairments	(864)		—		(864)		(982)
Direct sales costs	(3,237)		(310)		(4,110)		(358)
Cost of revenue related to cash sales	(10,225)		(4,591)		(23,946)		(8,413)
Cost of revenue related to inventory sales	(40,917)		—		(89,884)		—
Unrealized gain (loss) on fair value instruments	(10,637)		9,023		3,809		4,725
Indemnification payments to tax equity investors	(1,727)		—		(1,727)		—
Adjusted Operating Expense	$	53,681	$	38,752	$	150,638	$	99,840
Adjusted Operating Expense per weighted average system	$	227	$	230	$	691	$	700

Estimated Gross Contracted Customer Value. We calculate estimated gross contracted customer value as defined below. We believe estimated gross contracted customer value can serve as a useful tool for investors and analysts in comparing the remaining value of our customer contracts to that of our peers.

Estimated gross contracted customer value as of a specific measurement date represents the sum of the present value of the remaining estimated future net cash flows we expect to receive from existing customers during the initial contract term of our leases and PPAs, which are typically 25 years in length, plus the present value of future net cash flows we expect to receive from the sale of related solar renewable energy certificates ("SREC"), either under existing contracts or in future sales, plus the cash flows we expect to receive from energy services programs such as grid services, plus the carrying value of outstanding customer loans on our balance sheet. From these aggregate estimated initial cash flows, we subtract the present value of estimated net cash distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests and estimated operating, maintenance and administrative expenses associated with the solar service agreements. These estimated future cash flows reflect the projected monthly customer payments over the life of our solar service agreements and depend on various factors including but not limited to solar service agreement type, contracted rates, expected sun hours and the projected production capacity of the solar equipment installed. For the purpose of calculating this metric, we discount all future cash flows at 4%.

The anticipated operating, maintenance and administrative expenses included in the calculation of estimated gross contracted customer value include, among other things, expenses related to accounting, reporting, audit, insurance, maintenance and repairs. In the aggregate, we estimate these expenses are $20 per kilowatt per year initially, with 2% annual increases for inflation, and an additional $81 per year non-escalating expense included for energy storage systems. We do not include maintenance and repair costs for inverters and similar equipment as those are largely covered by the applicable product and dealer warranties for the life of the product, but we do include additional cost for energy storage systems, which are only covered by a 10-year warranty. Expected distributions to tax equity investors vary among the different tax equity funds and are based on individual tax equity fund contract provisions.

Estimated gross contracted customer value is forecasted as of a specific date. It is forward-looking and we use judgment in developing the assumptions used to calculate it. Factors that could impact estimated gross contracted customer value include,

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but are not limited to, customer payment defaults, or declines in utility rates or early termination of a contract in certain circumstances, including prior to installation. The following table presents the calculation of estimated gross contracted customer value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, calculated using a 4% discount rate.

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Estimated gross contracted customer value	$	5,706	$	4,337

Sensitivity Analysis. The calculation of estimated gross contracted customer value and associated operational metrics requires us to make a number of assumptions regarding future revenues and costs which may not prove accurate. Accordingly, we present below a sensitivity analysis with a range of assumptions. We consider a discount rate of 4% to be appropriate based on recent transactions that demonstrate a portfolio of residential solar service agreements is an asset class that can be securitized successfully on a long-term basis with a coupon of less than 4%. We also present these metrics with a discount rate of 4% based on industry practice. The appropriate discount rate for these estimates may change in the future due to the level of inflation, rising interest rates, our cost of capital and consumer demand for solar energy systems. In addition, the table below provides a range of estimated gross contracted customer value amounts if different cumulative customer loss rate assumptions were used. We are presenting this information for illustrative purposes only and as a comparison to information published by our peers.

Estimated Gross Contracted Customer Value
	As of September 30, 2022
	Discount rate
Cumulative customer loss rate	2%		4%		6%
	(in millions)
5%	$	6,097	$	5,461	$	4,977
0%	$	6,427	$	5,706	$	5,163

Significant Factors and Trends Affecting Our Business

Our results of operations and our ability to grow our business over time could be impacted by a number of factors and trends that affect our industry generally, as well as new offerings of services and products we may acquire or seek to acquire in the future. Additionally, our business is concentrated in certain markets, putting us at risk of region-specific disruptions such as adverse economic, regulatory, political, weather and other conditions. See "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022.

Financing Availability. Our future growth depends, in significant part, on our ability to raise capital from third-party investors on competitive terms to help finance the origination of our solar energy systems under our solar service agreements. We have historically used debt, such as convertible senior notes, asset-backed and loan-backed securitizations and warehouse facilities, tax equity, preferred equity and other financing strategies to help fund our operations. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have raised more than $11.2 billion in total capital commitments from equity, debt and tax equity investors. With respect to tax equity, there are a limited number of potential tax equity investors, and the competition for this investment capital is intense. The principal tax credit on which tax equity investors in our industry rely is the Section 48(a) ITC. The amount for the Section 48(a) ITC was equal to 30% of the basis of eligible solar property that began construction before 2020 if placed in service before 2022. The Section 48(a) ITC percentage decreased to 26% for eligible solar property that began construction during 2020 or 2021 if the property is placed into service before 2022. Under the IRA, which was enacted in August 2022, for eligible solar property that begins construction before 2025, the Section 48(a) ITC percentage will be equal to 30% provided (a) the project has a maximum net output of less than one megawatt (as measured in alternating current) or (b) the project begins construction prior to the 60th day after the U.S. Department of Treasury issues guidance regarding prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements. If neither criterion is satisfied, the amount of the Section 48(a) ITC will be equal to 6%. In addition, the Section 48(a) ITC will be replaced by the Section 48E ITC for eligible solar property that begins construction after 2024, and the Section 48E ITC percentage will be the same as the percentage for the Section 48(a) ITC and subject to the same requirements in order to receive the full benefit. The Section 48E ITC percentage will begin to phase down after 2032 or, if later, the year in which the U.S. Department of Treasury determines greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the United States are no more than 25% of 2022 levels. Although the application of the wage and apprenticeship requirements is unclear in the absence of guidance, we believe our solar energy systems will not be subject to such requirements due to the maximum net output of most of our solar energy systems. In addition, the IRA added a new provision that allows taxpayers to transfer certain federal income tax credits that arise after 2022, such as the Section 48(a) ITC, to third parties for

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cash. It is unclear what effect the ability to transfer Section 48(a) ITCs will have on tax equity structures, although we expect the market for tax equity structures to continue for investors who will continue to value benefits that are not transferable, such as accelerated depreciation. We are continuing to evaluate the overall impact and applicability of the IRA to our ability to raise capital from third-party investors.

Our ability to raise capital from third-party investors is also affected by general economic conditions, the state of the capital markets, inflation levels and concerns about our industry or business. Specifically, interest rates remain subject to volatility that may result from action taken by the Federal Reserve. Recent data have suggested inflationary pressures may be more durable than anticipated, which could result in interest rate increases and/or the tapering of quantitative easing policies enacted towards the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic sooner than previously expected.

Cost of Solar Energy Systems and Energy Storage Systems. Upward pressure on prices of solar energy systems and energy storage systems may occur due to growth in the solar industry, regulatory policy changes, tariffs and duties, inflationary cost pressures and an increase in demand. As a result of these developments, we may pay higher prices on solar modules, which may make it less economical for us to serve certain markets. Attachment rates for energy storage systems have trended higher while the price to acquire has remained steady and increased slightly for some suppliers due to several market variables, including COVID-19, raw material shortages and freight prices, but this still remains a potential area of growth for us.

Energy Storage Systems. Our energy storage systems increase our customers' independence from the centralized utility and provide on-site backup power when there is a grid outage due to storms, wildfires, other natural disasters and general power failures caused by supply or transmission issues. In addition, at times it can be more economic to consume less energy from the grid or, alternatively, to export solar energy back to the grid. Recent technological advancements for energy storage systems allow the energy storage system to adapt to pricing and utility rate shifts by controlling the inflows and outflows of power, allowing customers to increase the value of their solar energy system plus energy storage system. The energy storage system charges during the day, making the energy it stores available to the home when needed. It also features software that can customize power usage for the individual customer, providing backup power, optimizing solar energy consumption versus grid consumption or preventing export to the grid as appropriate. The software is tailored based on utility regulation, economic indicators and grid conditions. The combination of energy control, increased energy resilience and independence from the grid is strong incentive for customers to adopt solar and energy storage. As energy storage systems and their related software features become more advanced, we expect to see increased adoption of energy storage systems.

Climate Change Action. As a result of increasing global awareness of and aversion to climate change impacts, we believe the renewable energy market in which we operate, and investment in climate solutions more broadly, will continue to grow as the impact of climate change increases. This trend, along with increasing commitments to reduce carbon emissions, is expected to result in increased demand for our products and services. Under the current presidential administration, the focus on cleaner energy sources and technology to decarbonize the U.S. economy continues to accelerate. The federal government's administration under President Joe Biden ("Biden administration") has taken immediate steps that we believe signify support for cleaner energy sources, including, but not limited to, rejoining the Paris Climate Accord, re-establishing a social price on carbon used in cost/benefit analysis for policy making and announcing a commitment to transition the U.S. economy to a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. We expect the Biden administration, combined with a closely divided Congress, to continue to take actions that are supportive of the renewable energy industry, such as incentivizing clean energy sources and supporting new investment in areas like renewables.

Government Regulations, Policies and Incentives. Our growth strategy depends in significant part on government policies and incentives that promote and support solar energy and enhance the economic viability of distributed residential solar. These policies and incentives come in various forms, including net metering, eligibility for accelerated depreciation such as the modified accelerated cost recovery system, SRECs, tax abatements, rebates, renewable targets, incentive programs and tax credits, particularly the Section 48(a) ITC and the Section 25D Credit. The recently enacted IRA expanded and extended the tax credits available to solar energy projects in an effort to achieve the Biden administration's non-binding target of net-zero emissions by 2050, which we expect will increase demand for our services. The IRA allows qualifying homeowners to deduct up to 30% of the cost of installing residential solar systems from their U.S. federal income taxes, thereby returning a significant portion of the purchase price of the residential solar system to homeowners that may participate in our solar loan programs. Under the terms of the current extension, the residential tax credit will remain at 30% through the end of 2032, reduce to 26% for 2033, reduce to 22% for 2034, and further reduce to 0% after the end of 2034 for residential solar systems, unless it is extended before that time. As discussed above, the IRA also extended the investment tax credit for solar energy projects through at least 2032 and, depending on the location of a particular project and its ability to satisfy certain labor and domestic content requirements, the percentage can range between 30% and 50%. Policies requiring solar on new homes or new roofs, such as those enacted in California and New York City, also support the growth of distributed solar. The sale of SRECs has constituted a significant portion of our revenue historically. A change in the value of net metering credits or SRECs or changes

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in other policies or a loss or reduction in such incentives could decrease the attractiveness of distributed residential solar to us, our dealers and our customers in applicable markets, which could reduce our customer acquisition opportunities. Such a loss or reduction could also reduce our willingness to pursue certain customer acquisitions due to decreased revenue or income under our solar service agreements. Additionally, such a loss or reduction may also impact the terms of and availability of third-party financing. If any of these government regulations, policies or incentives are adversely amended, delayed, eliminated, reduced, retroactively changed or not extended beyond their current expiration dates or there is a negative impact from the recent federal law changes or proposals, our operating results and the demand for, and the economics of, distributed residential solar energy may decline, which could harm our business.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue. We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as we satisfy our performance obligations at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon an estimated rate of return, net of cash incentives. We express this rate of return as the solar rate per kilowatt hour ("kWh") in the customer contract. The amount of revenue we recognize does not equal customer cash payments because we satisfy performance obligations ahead of cash receipt or evenly as we provide continuous access on a stand-ready basis to the solar energy system. We reflect the differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate.

PPAs. We have determined solar service agreements under which customers purchase electricity from us should be accounted for as revenue from contracts with customers. We recognize revenue based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the contracts. The PPAs generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

Lease Agreements. We are the lessor under lease agreements for solar energy systems and energy storage systems, which we account for as revenue from contracts with customers. We recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract term as we satisfy our obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system. The lease agreements generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

We provide customers under our lease agreements a performance guarantee that each solar energy system will achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output. The specified minimum solar energy production output may not be achieved due to natural fluctuations in the weather or equipment failures from exposure and wear and tear outside of our control, among other factors. We determine the amount of guaranteed output based on a number of different factors, including (a) the specific site information related to the tilt of the panels, azimuth (a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from a reference direction) of the panels, size of the solar energy system and shading on site; (b) the calculated amount of available irradiance (amount of energy for a given flat surface facing a specific direction) based on historical average weather data and (c) the calculated amount of energy output of the solar energy system.

If the solar energy system does not produce the guaranteed production amount, we are required to provide a bill credit or refund a portion of the previously remitted customer payments, where the bill credit or repayment is calculated as the product of (a) the shortfall production amount and (b) the dollar amount (guaranteed rate) per kWh that is fixed throughout the term of the contract. These bill credits or remittances of a customer's payments, if needed, are payable in January following the end of the first three years of the solar energy system's placed in service date and then every annual period thereafter. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies, to our interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Inventory Sales. Inventory sales revenue represents revenue from the direct sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon shipment.

SRECs. Each SREC represents the environmental benefit of one megawatt hour (1,000 kWh) generated by a solar energy system. We sell SRECs to utilities and other third parties who use the SRECs to meet renewable portfolio standards and can do so separate from the actual electricity generated by the renewable-based generation source. We account for SRECs generated from solar energy systems owned by us, as opposed to those owned by our customers, as governmental incentives with no costs incurred to obtain them and do not consider those SRECs output of the underlying solar energy systems. We classify SRECs as inventory held until sold and delivered to third parties. We enter into economic hedges with major financial institutions related to expected production of SRECs through forward contracts to partially mitigate the risk of decreases in SREC market rates. While these fixed price forward contracts serve as an economic hedge against spot price fluctuations for the SRECs, the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are not designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The contracts

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require us to physically deliver the SRECs upon settlement. We recognize the related revenue upon the transfer of the SRECs to the counterparty. The costs related to the sales of SRECs are generally limited to fees for brokered transactions. Accordingly, the sale of SRECs in a period generally has a favorable impact on our operating results for that period. In certain circumstances we are required to purchase SRECs on the open market to fulfill minimum delivery requirements under our forward contracts.

Cash Sales. Cash sales revenue represents revenue from a customer's purchase of a solar energy system from us typically when purchasing a new home. We recognize the related revenue upon verification of the home closing.

Loan Agreements. We recognize payments received from customers under loan agreements (a) as interest income, to the extent attributable to earned interest on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system; (b) as a reduction of a note receivable on the balance sheet, to the extent attributable to a return of principal (whether scheduled or prepaid) on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system; and (c) as revenue, to the extent attributable to payments for operations and maintenance services provided by us. Similar to our lease agreements, we provide customers under our loan agreements a performance guarantee that each solar energy system will achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output, which is a significant proportion of its expected output.

Other Revenue. Other revenue includes certain state and utility incentives, revenue from the direct sale of solar energy systems and energy storage systems to customers with financing provided by us and sales of service plans. We recognize revenue from state and utility incentives in the periods in which they are earned. We recognize revenue from the direct sale of energy storage systems in the period in which the storage components are placed in service. Service plans are available to customers whose solar energy system was not originally sold by Sunnova. We recognize revenue from service plan contracts on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, which is typically 10 years.

Cost of Revenue—Depreciation. Cost of revenue—depreciation represents depreciation on solar energy systems under lease agreements and PPAs that have been placed in service.

Cost of Revenue—Inventory Sales. Cost of revenue—inventory sales represents costs related to the procurement and direct sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties, including shipping and handling costs.

Cost of Revenue—Other. Cost of revenue—other represents costs related to cash sales, costs to purchase SRECs on the open market, SREC broker fees and other items deemed to be a cost of providing the service of selling power to customers or potential customers, such as certain costs to service loan agreements, costs for filing under the Uniform Commercial Code to maintain title, title searches, credit checks on potential customers at the time of initial contract and other similar costs, typically directly related to the volume of customers and potential customers.

Operations and Maintenance Expense. Operations and maintenance expense represents costs from third parties for maintaining and servicing the solar energy systems, property insurance, property taxes and warranties. When services for maintaining and servicing solar energy systems are provided by Sunnova personnel rather than third parties, those amounts are included in payroll costs classified within general and administrative expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we incurred $13.3 million and $10.0 million, respectively, of Sunnova personnel costs related to maintaining and servicing solar energy systems, which are classified in general and administrative expense. In addition, operations and maintenance expense includes write downs and write-offs related to inventory adjustments, gains and losses on disposals and other impairments and impairments due to natural disaster losses net of insurance proceeds recovered under our business interruption and property damage insurance coverage for natural disasters.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense represents costs for our employees, such as salaries, bonuses, benefits and all other employee-related costs, including stock-based compensation, professional fees related to legal, accounting, human resources, finance and training, information technology and software services, marketing and communications, IPO costs, acquisition costs, travel and rent and other office-related expenses. General and administrative expense also includes depreciation on assets not classified as solar energy systems, including information technology software and development projects, vehicles, furniture, fixtures, computer equipment and leasehold improvements and accretion expense on AROs. We capitalize a portion of general and administrative costs, such as payroll-related costs, that is related to employees who are directly involved in the design, construction, installation and testing of the solar energy systems but not directly associated with a particular asset. We also capitalize a portion of general and administrative costs, such as payroll-related costs, that is related to employees who are directly associated with and devote time to internal information technology software and development projects, to the extent of the time spent directly on the application and development stage of such software project.

Other Operating Expense (Income). Other operating expense (income) primarily represents changes in the fair values of certain financial instruments related to our investments in solar receivables and contingent consideration.

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Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense, net represents interest on our borrowings under our various debt facilities, amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs and realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments.

Interest Income. Interest income represents interest income from the notes receivable under our loan program and income on short term investments with financial institutions.

Loss on Extinguishment of Long-Term Debt, Net. Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net resulted from a make-whole payment related to the early repayment of one of our solar asset-backed notes.

Other (Income) Expense. Other (income) expense primarily represents changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments related to non-operating assets.

Income Tax Expense. We account for income taxes under Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes. As such, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences resulting from the different treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. Additionally, we must assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered as deductions from future taxable income. We have a full valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets because we believe it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be realized. We evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. The income tax expense includes the effects of taxes paid in U.S. territories where the tax code for the respective territory may have separate tax reporting requirements, as applicable.

Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests. Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests represents tax equity interests in the net income or loss of certain consolidated subsidiaries based on hypothetical liquidation at book value.

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Results of Operations—Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

The following table sets forth our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	80,463
Operating expense:
Cost of revenue—depreciation	24,663		19,665		4,998
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	40,917		—		40,917
Cost of revenue—other	15,567		7,342		8,225
Operations and maintenance	9,774		6,035		3,739
General and administrative	75,897		53,372		22,525
Other operating expense (income)	10,267		(9,337)		19,604
Total operating expense, net	177,085		77,077		100,008
Operating loss	(27,721)		(8,176)		(19,545)
Interest expense, net	18,328		26,588		(8,260)
Interest income	(16,185)		(9,098)		(7,087)
Other (income) expense	(12)		189		(201)
Loss before income tax	(29,852)		(25,855)		(3,997)
Income tax expense	—		64		(64)
Net loss	(29,852)		(25,919)		(3,933)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	32,195		1,622		30,573
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(62,047)	$	(27,541)	$	(34,506)

Revenue

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
PPA revenue	$	31,891	$	25,359	$	6,532
Lease revenue	25,912		17,845		8,067
Inventory sales revenue	45,528		—		45,528
SREC revenue	16,241		12,858		3,383
Cash sales revenue	18,933		8,680		10,253
Loan revenue	5,012		2,126		2,886
Other revenue	5,847		2,033		3,814
Total	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	80,463

Revenue increased by $80.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily as a result of inventory sales and an increased number of solar energy systems in service. The

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weighted average number of systems (excluding systems with loan agreements, service-only agreements and cash sales) increased from approximately 102,200 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 132,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Excluding SREC revenue, revenue under our loan agreements, inventory sales revenue, cash sales revenue and service revenue, on a weighted average number of systems basis, revenue remained relatively flat at $432 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $450 per system for the same period in 2022 (4% increase). Inventory sales revenue increased by $45.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to the sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties, which began in April 2022. SREC revenue increased by $3.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily as a result of an increase in SREC prices in New Jersey. The fluctuations in SREC revenue from period to period are also affected by the total number of solar energy systems, weather seasonality and hedge and spot prices associated with the timing of the sale of SRECs. On a weighted average number of systems basis, revenues under our loan agreements increased from $73 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $82 per system for the same period in 2022 (12% increase) primarily due to higher average system cost in 2022 than in 2021.

Cost of Revenue—Depreciation

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—depreciation	$	24,663	$	19,665	$	4,998

Cost of revenue—depreciation increased by $5.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average number of systems (excluding systems with loan agreements, service-only agreements and cash sales) from approximately 102,200 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 132,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. On a weighted average number of systems basis, cost of revenue—depreciation remained relatively flat at $192 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $187 per system for the same period in 2022 (3% decrease).

Cost of Revenue—Inventory Sales

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	$	40,917	$	—	$	40,917

Cost of revenue—inventory sales increased by $40.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was due to costs from the sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties, which began in April 2022.

Cost of Revenue—Other

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—other	$	15,567	$	7,342	$	8,225

Cost of revenue—other increased by $8.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to costs related to cash sales revenue of $5.6 million.

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Operations and Maintenance Expense

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Operations and maintenance	$	9,774	$	6,035	$	3,739

Operations and maintenance expense increased by $3.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to higher truck roll costs and natural disaster losses. Operations and maintenance expense per weighted average system, excluding net natural disaster losses and non-cash inventory impairment, remained relatively flat at $43 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $45 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

General and Administrative Expense

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	75,897	$	53,372	$	22,525

General and administrative expense increased by $22.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to increases of (a) $9.5 million of payroll and employee related expenses primarily due to the hiring of personnel to support growth, (b) $4.4 million of provision for current expected credit losses due to the growth in loan customers and (c) $1.9 million of consultants, contractors, and professional fees.

Other Operating Expense (Income)

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Other operating expense (income)	$	10,267	$	(9,337)	$	19,604

Other operating expense (income) changed by $19.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments and contingent consideration.

Interest Expense, Net

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Interest expense, net	$	18,328	$	26,588	$	(8,260)

Interest expense, net decreased by $8.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to increases in unrealized gains on derivatives of $26.4 million and realized gains on derivatives of $2.5 million. This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $19.6 million primarily due to the issuance of additional debt in 2021 and 2022.

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Interest Income

	Three Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	16,185	$	9,098	$	7,087

Interest income increased by $7.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average number of systems with loan agreements from approximately 29,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 60,800 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. On a weighted average number of systems basis, loan interest income decreased from $307 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $249 per system for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to a decrease in the average annual interest rate for customer loans due to market conditions.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to a decrease in taxes incurred in jurisdictions with separate tax-reporting requirements.

Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests increased by $30.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to an increase in income attributable to noncontrolling interests from tax equity funds added in 2020 and 2021.

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Results of Operations—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

The following table sets forth our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated.

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	362,098	$	176,733	$	185,365
Operating expense:
Cost of revenue—depreciation	69,935		55,621		14,314
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	89,884		—		89,884
Cost of revenue—other	32,974		13,572		19,402
Operations and maintenance	23,787		14,640		9,147
General and administrative	214,362		144,028		70,334
Other operating income	(4,186)		(5,303)		1,117
Total operating expense, net	426,756		222,558		204,198
Operating loss	(64,658)		(45,825)		(18,833)
Interest expense, net	36,275		84,748		(48,473)
Interest income	(40,428)		(24,266)		(16,162)
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	—		9,824		(9,824)
Other (income) expense	(327)		60		(387)
Loss before income tax	(60,178)		(116,191)		56,013
Income tax expense	—		64		(64)
Net loss	(60,178)		(116,255)		56,077
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	72,455		7,665		64,790
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(132,633)	$	(123,920)	$	(8,713)

Revenue

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
PPA revenue	$	84,235	$	68,443	$	15,792
Lease revenue	71,717		51,765		19,952
Inventory sales revenue	99,773		—		99,773
SREC revenue	37,172		30,648		6,524
Cash sales revenue	45,695		15,618		30,077
Loan revenue	12,582		5,000		7,582
Other revenue	10,924		5,259		5,665
Total	$	362,098	$	176,733	$	185,365

Revenue increased by $185.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily as a result of inventory sales, an increased number of solar energy systems in service and the

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April 2021 acquisition of SunStreet. The weighted average number of systems (excluding systems with loan agreements, service-only agreements and cash sales) increased from approximately 95,800 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 124,200 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Excluding SREC revenue, revenue under our loan agreements, inventory sales revenue, cash sales revenue and service revenue, on a weighted average number of systems basis, revenue remained relatively flat at $1,290 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1,287 per system for the same period in 2022. Inventory sales revenue increased by $99.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties, which began in April 2022. SREC revenue increased by $6.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily as a result of an increase in SREC prices in New Jersey, offset by decrease due to a forward sale that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2021. The amount of SREC revenue recognized in each period is also affected by the total number of solar energy systems, weather seasonality and hedge and spot prices associated with the timing of the sale of SRECs. On a weighted average number of systems basis, revenues under our loan agreements increased from $203 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $247 per system for the same period in 2022 (22% increase) primarily due to higher average system cost in 2022 than in 2021.

Cost of Revenue—Depreciation

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—depreciation	$	69,935	$	55,621	$	14,314

Cost of revenue—depreciation increased by $14.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average number of systems (excluding systems with loan agreements, service-only agreements and cash sales) from approximately 95,800 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 124,200 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. On a weighted average number of systems basis, cost of revenue—depreciation remained relatively flat at $581 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $563 per system for the same period in 2022 (3% decrease).

Cost of Revenue—Inventory Sales

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	$	89,884	$	—	$	89,884

Cost of revenue—inventory sales increased by $89.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was due to costs from the sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties, which began in April 2022.

Cost of Revenue—Other

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue—other	$	32,974	$	13,572	$	19,402

Cost of revenue—other increased by $19.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to costs related to cash sales revenue of $15.5 million, which began with the April 2021 acquisition of SunStreet.

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Operations and Maintenance Expense

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Operations and maintenance	$	23,787	$	14,640	$	9,147

Operations and maintenance expense increased by $9.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to higher truck roll, property insurance and property tax costs. Operations and maintenance expense per weighted average system, excluding net natural disaster losses and non-cash inventory impairments, increased from $116 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $131 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher property tax and truck roll costs, partially offset by gains on disposals.

General and Administrative Expense

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	214,362	$	144,028	$	70,334

General and administrative expense increased by $70.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to increases of (a) $29.7 million of payroll and employee related expenses primarily due to equity-based compensation expense, the hiring of personnel to support growth and the additional personnel from SunStreet, (b) $11.8 million of provision for current expected credit losses primarily due to the growth in loan customers, (c) $7.5 million of amortization expense primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets acquired from SunStreet and (d) $6.1 million of consultants, contractors, and professional fees.

Other Operating Income

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Other operating income	$	(4,186)	$	(5,303)	$	1,117

Other operating income decreased by $1.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments and contingent consideration.

Interest Expense, Net

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Interest expense, net	$	36,275	$	84,748	$	(48,473)

Interest expense, net decreased by $48.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to increases in realized gains on derivatives of $49.1 million and unrealized gains on derivatives of $30.1 million. This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $34.5 million primarily due to the issuance of additional debt in 2021 and 2022.

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Interest Income

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	40,428	$	24,266	$	16,162

Interest income increased by $16.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average number of systems with loan agreements from approximately 24,600 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to approximately 50,900 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. On a weighted average number of systems basis, loan interest income decreased from $970 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $767 per system for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to a decrease in the average annual interest rate for customer loans due to market conditions.

Loss on Extinguishment of Long-Term Debt, Net

Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net decreased by $9.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to a make-whole payment related to the early repayment of one of our solar asset-backed notes in June 2021.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $0.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to a decrease in taxes incurred in jurisdictions with separate tax-reporting requirements.

Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests increased by $64.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to an increase in income attributable to noncontrolling interests from tax equity funds added in 2020 and 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2022, we had total cash of $539.8 million, of which $412.6 million was unrestricted, and $348.5 million of available borrowing capacity under our various financing arrangements. We seek to maintain diversified and cost-effective funding sources to finance and maintain our operations, fund capital expenditures, including customer acquisitions, and satisfy obligations arising from our indebtedness, which may include reducing debt prior to scheduled maturities through debt repurchases, either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, through debt redemptions or tender offers, or through repayments of bank borrowings. For a discussion of cash requirements from contractual and other obligations, see Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies, to our interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Historically, our primary sources of liquidity have included non-recourse and recourse debt, investor asset-backed and loan-backed securitizations and cash generated from operations. Our business model requires substantial outside financing arrangements to grow the business and facilitate the deployment of additional solar energy systems. We will seek to raise additional required capital, including from new and existing tax equity investors, additional borrowings, securitizations and other potential debt and equity financing sources. We believe our cash and financing arrangements, as further described below, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under our financing arrangements.

Financing Arrangements

The following is an update to the description of our various financing arrangements. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Arrangements" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022 for a full description of our various financing arrangements.

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Tax Equity Fund Commitments

As of September 30, 2022, we had undrawn committed capital of approximately $53.7 million under our tax equity funds, which may only be used to purchase and install solar energy systems. In February 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $150.0 million. In May 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $17.5 million. In September 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $25.0 million. In October 2022, a tax equity investor increased its capital commitment from $25.0 million to $75.0 million. In October 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor with a total capital commitment of approximately $30.0 million.

Warehouse and Other Debt Financings

In June 2022, we amended a revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) extend the scheduled commitment termination date to May 2024, (b) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (c) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, subject to reductions based on the outstanding principal balance of advances over certain time periods, (d) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $350.0 million to $475.0 million, (e) modify the interest rate on borrowings from accruing based on the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to accruing based on a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate ("Term SOFR"), plus a Term SOFR spread adjustment, (f) add an amortization event related to certain of our subsidiaries ceasing to originate solar loans (subject to certain thresholds, time periods and exceptions set forth therein), (g) add concentration limits for solar loans (1) with obligors with credit scores below certain thresholds and (2) for which the original principal balance exceeds a certain threshold and (h) modify eligibility requirements for solar loans to increase the permitted maximum original principal balance. In July 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $475.0 million to $535.0 million until the earlier to occur of (a) September 29, 2022 and (b) the date upon which a specific sale of borrowing base assets and a related prepayment of outstanding debt thereunder occurs, upon the occurrence of which the uncommitted maximum facility amount will return to $475.0 million. In August 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $400.0 million to $450.0 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $535.0 million to $585.0 million, (c) amend certain provisions addressing the allocation of advances and principal payments among the lenders, (d) amend certain provisions addressing lender consent rights and related matters and (e) include certain provisions addressing service incentives and related matters. In September 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) decrease the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $585.0 million to $575.0 million and (b) amend certain provisions related to the agent's allocation of certain payments made to the lenders. In June 2022, one of our subsidiaries used proceeds from the SOLIV Notes to repay $271.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding under its financing arrangement. In August 2022, one of our subsidiaries used proceeds from the HELIX Notes to repay $151.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding under its financing arrangement. In September 2022, we amended a revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $460.7 million to $564.7 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $600.0 million to $639.7 million, (c) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (d) amend certain excess concentration limitations, (e) replace the London interbank offered rate with the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate as the interest rate benchmark and include benchmark replacement provisions and (f) include certain provisions addressing grid services revenue and related matters. In October 2022, we further amended this revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $564.7 million to $600.0 million and (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $639.7 million to $689.7 million.

Securitizations

In February 2022, one of our subsidiaries issued $131.9 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class A solar loan-backed notes, $102.2 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class B solar loan-backed notes and $63.8 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class C solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELVIII Notes") with a maturity date of February 2049. The HELVIII Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 2.79%, 3.13% and 3.53% for the Class A, Class B and Class C notes, respectively. In June 2022, one of our subsidiaries issued $317.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class A solar asset-backed notes and $38.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class B solar asset-backed notes (collectively, the "SOLIV Notes") with a maturity date of April 2057. The SOLIV Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 4.95% and 6.35% for the Class A and Class B notes, respectively. In August 2022, one of our subsidiaries issued $178.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class A solar loan-backed notes and $49.7 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class B solar loan-backed notes with a maturity date of August 2049. The HELIX Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% and 6.00% for the Class A and Class B notes, respectively.

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Senior Notes

In August 2022, we issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of our 2.625% convertible senior notes in a private placement at a discount to the initial purchasers of 2.5%, for an aggregate purchase price of $585.0 million. The 2.625% convertible senior notes mature in February 2028 unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. In connection with the pricing of the 2.625% convertible senior notes, we used proceeds of $48.4 million to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are expected to reduce the potential dilution to common shares and/or offset potential cash payments that could be required to be made in excess of the principal amount upon any exchange of notes. Such reduction and/or offset is subject to a cap initially equal to $34.24 per share, subject to adjustments.

Historical Cash Flows—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		Change
	(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(265,795)	$	(146,847)	$	(118,948)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,451,353)		(847,181)		(604,172)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,865,092		1,136,404		728,688
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	147,944	$	142,376	$	5,568

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities increased by $118.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase is primarily a result of increases in purchases of inventory and prepaid inventory of $78.2 million and payments to dealers for exclusivity and other bonus arrangements of $7.9 million. This increase is offset by an increase in net inflows of $24.6 million in 2022 compared to net inflows of $9.6 million in 2021 based on: (a) our net loss of $60.2 million in 2022 excluding non-cash operating items of $84.8 million, primarily from depreciation, impairments and losses on disposals, amortization of intangible assets, amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts, unrealized net gains on derivatives, unrealized net gains on fair value instruments and equity-based compensation charges, which results in net inflows of $24.6 million and (b) our net loss of $116.3 million in 2021 excluding non-cash operating items of $125.9 million, primarily from depreciation, impairments and losses on disposals, amortization of intangible assets, amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts, unrealized net gains on derivatives, unrealized net gains on fair value instruments, losses on extinguishment of long-term debt and equity-based compensation charges, which results in net inflows of $9.6 million. These net differences between the two periods resulted in a net change in operating cash flows of $15.0 million in 2022 compared to 2021.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased by $604.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase is primarily a result of increases in payments for investments and customer notes receivable of $349.3 million and purchases of property and equipment, primarily solar energy systems, of $293.5 million. This increase is partially offset by increases in proceeds from customer notes receivable of $32.6 million and proceeds from investments in solar receivables of $9.4 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $728.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase is primarily a result of an increase in net borrowings under our debt facilities of $696.9 million and a decrease in the purchase of capped call transactions of $43.2 million. This increase is partially offset by a decrease in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $13.3 million.

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Seasonality

The amount of electricity our solar energy systems produce is dependent in part on the amount of sunlight, or irradiation, where the assets are located. Because shorter daylight hours in winter months and poor weather conditions due to cloud cover, rain or snow results in less irradiation, the output of solar energy systems will vary depending on the season or the year. While we expect seasonal variability to occur, the geographic diversity in our assets helps to mitigate our aggregate seasonal variability.

Our Easy Plan PPAs with variable billing, Solar 20/20 Plan Agreements and Fixed Rate Power Purchase Agreements are subject to seasonality because we sell all the solar energy system's energy output to the customer at either a fixed price per kWh or indexed, variable rate per kWh. Our Easy Plan PPAs with balanced billing are not subject to seasonality (from a cash flow perspective or the customer's perspective) within a given year because the customer's payments are levelized on an annualized basis so we insulate the customer from monthly fluctuations in production. In addition, energy production true-ups and production estimate adjustments for Easy Plan PPAs with balanced billing are calculated over an entire year. However, our Easy Plan PPAs with balanced billing are subject to seasonality from a revenue recognition perspective because, similar to the Easy Plan PPAs with variable billing, we sell all the solar energy system's energy output to the customer. Our lease agreements are not subject to seasonality within a given year because we lease the solar energy system to the customer at a fixed monthly rate and the reference period for any production guarantee payments is a full year. Finally, our loan agreements are not subject to seasonality within a given year because the monthly installment payments for the financing of the customers' purchase of the solar energy system are fixed and the reference period for any production guarantee is a full year.

In addition, weather may impact our dealers' ability to install solar energy systems and energy storage systems. For example, the ability to install solar energy systems and energy storage systems during the winter months in the Northeastern U.S. is limited. This can impact the timing of when solar energy systems and energy storage systems can be installed and when we can acquire and begin to generate revenue from solar energy systems and energy storage systems.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our interim financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, cash flows and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period-to-period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our future financial statements will be affected to the extent our actual results materially differ from these estimates. For further information on our significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022 and Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to our interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We identify our most critical accounting policies as those that are the most pervasive and important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations, and that require the most difficult, subjective, and/or complex judgments by management regarding estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. We believe the assumptions and estimates associated with our principles of consolidation, the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, the estimated useful life of our solar energy systems, the valuation of the removal assumptions, including costs, associated with AROs, the valuation of redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests and our allowance for current expected credit losses have the greatest subjectivity and impact on our interim financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to our interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are exposed to various market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk is the potential loss that may result from market changes associated with our business or with an existing or forecasted financial or commodity transaction. Our primary exposure includes changes in interest rates because certain borrowings bear interest at floating rates based on

58

LIBOR, SOFR or a similar index plus a specified margin. We sometimes manage our interest rate exposure on floating-rate debt by entering into derivative instruments to hedge all or a portion of our interest rate exposure on certain debt facilities. We do not enter into any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Changes in economic conditions could result in higher interest rates, thereby increasing our interest expense and operating expenses and reducing funds available to capital investments, operations and other purposes. A hypothetical 10% increase in our interest rates on our variable-rate debt facilities would have increased our interest expense by $1.0 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In connection with that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to provide reasonable assurance the information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms as of September 30, 2022, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The term "disclosure controls and procedures", as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In connection with the acquisition of SunStreet, we are integrating SunStreet's internal controls over financial reporting into our financial reporting framework. Such integration has resulted and may continue to result in changes that materially affect our internal control over financial reporting (as described in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Other than the changes that have and may continue to result from such integration, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. However, our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation, claims and government proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, we are not a party to any litigation or governmental or other proceeding we believe will have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. In the ordinary course of business, we have disputes with dealers and customers. In general, litigation claims or regulatory proceedings can be expensive and time consuming to

59

bring or defend against, may result in the diversion of management attention and resources from our business and business goals and could result in settlement or damages that could significantly affect financial results and the conduct of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in the risks facing us as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022 except as described below.

Risks Related to Our Business

An increase in interest rates may result in a decrease in origination for our homebuilder channel and a reduction in principal prepayments by our customers.

Origination for our homebuilder channel relies on the construction and sale of new homes by our homebuilder partners. Many customers of our homebuilder partners rely on mortgage loans from banks and other lenders to finance a substantial portion of the purchase price for their home. Increased mortgage interest rates may lead to lower demand for new homes and a reduced number of homes available for solar origination through our homebuilder channel. Additionally, increased interest rates may result in fewer secondary home sales, a reduction in the number of customers refinancing their mortgage and uncertainty about the economy. This could result in a material reduction in the amount of our customers making principal prepayments of their loans.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Merger Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2019, by and among Sunnova Energy International Inc., Sunnova Energy Corporation and Sunnova Merger Sub Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2019).
2.2	Merger Agreement, by and among Sunnova Energy International Inc., Moonroad LLC, Sunnova Energy Corporation, SunStreet Energy Group, LLC and LEN X, LLC, dated as of February 17, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2021).
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sunnova Energy International Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2019).
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Sunnova Energy International Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2019).
4.1∞	Indenture, dated August 17, 2022, by and among Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC and Wilmington Trust, National Association.
4.2	Form of 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B Class A Notes due 2049 (included in Exhibit 4.1).
4.3	Form of 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B Class B Notes due 2049 (included in Exhibit 4.1).
4.4	Indenture, dated August 19, 2022, between Sunnova Energy International Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022).
4.5	Form of 2.625% Convertible Senior Note due 2028 (included in Exhibit 4.4).

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Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Amendment No. 9 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among Sunnova EZ-Own Portfolio, LLC, Sunnova SLA Management, LLC, Sunnova Asset Portfolio 7 Holdings, LLC, the Lenders party thereto, the Funding Agents party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, dated as of July 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q filed on July 28, 2022).
10.2∞	Amendment No. 10 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Omnibus Amendment No. 2 (SLA), among Sunnova EZ-Own Portfolio, LLC, Sunnova SLA Management, LLC, Sunnova Asset Portfolio 7 Holdings, LLC, the Lenders party thereto, the Funding Agents party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, dated as of August 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022).
10.3∞	Note Purchase Agreement, dated August 12, 2022, among Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, Sunnova Energy Corporation, Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC.
10.4	Purchase Agreement, dated August 16, 2022, by and among Sunnova Energy International Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as representative of the several initial purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022).
10.5∞	Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among Sunnova TEP Holdings, LLC, Sunnova TE Management, LLC, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administrative agent, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of September 6, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2022).
10.6	Form of Capped Call Confirmation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022).
10.7∞	Amendment No. 11 to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Omnibus Amendment No. 3 (SLA), among Sunnova EZ-Own Portfolio, LLC, Sunnova SLA Management, LLC, Sunnova Asset Portfolio 7 Holdings, LLC, the Lenders party thereto, the Funding Agents party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, dated as of September 28, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2022).
10.8∞	Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, among Sunnova TEP Holdings, LLC, Sunnova TE Management, LLC, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administrative agent, and the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, dated as of October 7, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on October 12, 2022).
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the inline XBRL document).

__________________

∞    Portions of this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Items 601(a)(5) and 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. We agree to furnish a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SUNNOVA ENERGY INTERNATIONAL INC.
Date: October 27, 2022	By:	/s/ William J. Berger
		William J. Berger
		Chief Executive Officer and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: October 27, 2022	By:	/s/ Robert L. Lane
		Robert L. Lane
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

Issuer

and

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Indenture Trustee

Indenture

Dated as of August 17, 2022

$227,700,000

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Table of Contents

Section    Heading    Page

ARTICLE I Definitions
Section 1.01.General Definitions and Rules of Construction	2
Section 1.02.Calculations	2
ARTICLE II The Notes; Reconveyance
Section 2.01.General	2
Section 2.02.Forms of Notes	3
Section 2.03.Payment of Interest	6
Section 2.04.Payments to Noteholders	6
Section 2.05.Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	7
Section 2.06.Temporary Notes	7
Section 2.07.Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	8
Section 2.08.Transfer and Exchange	13
Section 2.09.Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes	15
Section 2.10.Persons Deemed Noteholders	16
Section 2.11.Cancellation of Notes	16
Section 2.12.Conditions to Closing	17
Section 2.13.Definitive Notes	20
Section 2.14.Access to List of Noteholders' Names and Addresses	21
ARTICLE III Covenants; Collateral; Representations; Warranties
Section 3.01.Performance of Obligations	21
Section 3.02.Negative Covenants	23
Section 3.03.Money for Note Payments	23
Section 3.04.Restriction of Issuer Activities	24
Section 3.05.Protection of Trust Estate	25
Section 3.06.Opinions and Officer’s Certificate as to Trust Estate	27
Section 3.07.Statement as to Compliance	27
Section 3.08.Schedule of Solar Loans	28
Section 3.09.Recording	28
Section 3.10.Agreements Not to Institute Bankruptcy Proceedings; Additional Covenants	28
Section 3.11.Providing of Notice	31
Section 3.12.Representations and Warranties of the Issuer	31

-i-

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.13.Representations and Warranties of the Indenture Trustee	35
Section 3.14.Knowledge	36
ARTICLE IV Management, Administration and Servicing of Solar Loans
Section 4.01.Management Agreement	36
ARTICLE V Accounts, Collections, Payments of Interest and Principal, Releases, and Statements to Noteholders
Section 5.01.Accounts	38
Section 5.02.Equipment Replacement Reserve Account	41
Section 5.03.Reserve Account	42
Section 5.04.Section 25D Interest Account	44
Section 5.05.[Reserved].	44
Section 5.06.Collection Account	44
Section 5.07.Distribution of Funds in the Collection Account	45
Section 5.08.Equity Cure	49
Section 5.09.Note Payments	49
Section 5.10.Statements to Noteholders; Tax Returns	50
Section 5.11.Reports by Indenture Trustee	51
Section 5.12.Final Balances	51
ARTICLE VI Voluntary Prepayment of Notes and Release of Collateral
Section 6.01.Voluntary Prepayment	51
Section 6.02.Notice of Voluntary Prepayment	52
Section 6.03.Cancellation of Notes	52
Section 6.04.Release of Collateral	53
ARTICLE VII The Indenture Trustee
Section 7.01.Duties of Indenture Trustee	54
Section 7.02.Manager Termination Event, Servicer Termination Event, or Event of Default	56
Section 7.03.Rights of Indenture Trustee	57
Section 7.04.Not Responsible for Recitals, Issuance of Notes or Application of Moneys as Directed	59
Section 7.05.May Hold Notes	59
Section 7.06.Money Held in Trust	59

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 7.07.Compensation and Reimbursement	60
Section 7.08.Eligibility; Disqualification	61
Section 7.09.Indenture Trustee's Capital and Surplus	61
Section 7.10.Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	62
Section 7.11.Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	62
Section 7.12.Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business of Indenture Trustee	63
Section 7.13.Co-trustees and Separate Indenture Trustees	63
Section 7.14.Books and Records	65
Section 7.15.Control	65
Section 7.16.Suits for Enforcement	65
Section 7.17.Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations	66
Section 7.18.Authorization	66
ARTICLE VIII [Reserved]
ARTICLE IX Event of Default
Section 9.01.Events of Default	66
Section 9.02.Actions of Indenture Trustee	68
Section 9.03.Indenture Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	68
Section 9.04.Indenture Trustee May Enforce Claim Without Possession of Notes	69
Section 9.05.Knowledge of Indenture Trustee	69
Section 9.06.Limitation on Suits	69
Section 9.07.Unconditional Right of Noteholders to Receive Principal and Interest	70
Section 9.08.Restoration of Rights and Remedies	70
Section 9.09.Rights and Remedies Cumulative	70
Section 9.10.Delay or Omission; Not Waiver	70
Section 9.11.Control by Noteholders	71
Section 9.12.Waiver of Certain Events by Less Than All Noteholders	71
Section 9.13.Undertaking for Costs	71
Section 9.14.Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	72
Section 9.15.Sale of Trust Estate	72
Section 9.16.Action on Notes	73
ARTICLE X Supplemental Indentures
Section 10.01.Supplemental Indentures Without Noteholder Approval	73

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 10.02.Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Noteholders	74
Section 10.03.Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures	75
Section 10.04.Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures	75
Section 10.05.Reference in Notes to Amendments and Supplemental Indentures	76
Section 10.06.Indenture Trustee to Act on Instructions	76
ARTICLE XI [Reserved]
ARTICLE XII Miscellaneous
Section 12.01.Compliance Certificates and Opinions; Furnishing of Information	77
Section 12.02.Form of Documents Delivered to Indenture Trustee	77
Section 12.03.Acts of Noteholders	78
Section 12.04.Notices, Etc.	79
Section 12.05.Notices and Reports to Noteholders; Waiver of Notices	80
Section 12.06.Rules by Indenture Trustee	81
Section 12.07.Issuer Obligation	81
Section 12.08.Enforcement of Benefits	81
Section 12.09.Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	81
Section 12.10.Successors and Assigns	81
Section 12.11.Separability	81
Section 12.12.Benefits of Indenture	82
Section 12.13.Legal Holidays	82
Section 12.14.Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial	82
Section 12.15.Electronic Signatures and Counterparts	82
Section 12.16.Recording of Indenture	83
Section 12.17.Further Assurances	83
Section 12.18.No Bankruptcy Petition Against the Issuer	83
Section 12.19.[Reserved]	83
Section 12.20.Rule 15Ga-1 Compliance	83
Section 12.21.Multiple Roles	84
Section 12.22.PATRIOT Act	84
ARTICLE XIII Termination
Section 13.01.Termination of Indenture	85

-iv-

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Annex A    Standard Definitions

Schedule I    —    Schedule of Solar Loans

Exhibit A-1    —    Form of Class A Note    A-1-1

Exhibit A-2    —    Form of Class B Note    A-2-1

Exhibit B    —    Forms of Transferee Letters    B-1

Exhibit C    —    Form of Notice of Voluntary Prepayment    C-1

Exhibit D     —    Rule 15Ga-1 Information    D-1

-v-

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

This Indenture (as amended or supplemented from time to time, this "Indenture") is dated as of August 17, 2022 between Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, as issuer (the "Issuer"), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, not in its individual capacity but solely in its capacity as indenture trustee (together with its successors and assigns in such capacity, the "Indenture Trustee").

Preliminary Statement

Pursuant to this Indenture, there is hereby duly authorized the execution and delivery of three classes of notes designated as the Issuer's 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A (the "Class A Notes") and the Issuer’s 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B (the "Class B Notes" and together with the Class A Notes, the "Notes"). All covenants and agreements made by the Issuer herein are for the benefit and security of the Holders of the Notes. The Issuer is entering into this Indenture, and the Indenture Trustee is accepting the trusts created hereby, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged.

Granting Clause

The Issuer hereby Grants to the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes, as their interests may appear, all of the rights, title, interest and benefits of the Issuer whether now existing or hereafter arising in and to (i) the Initial Solar Loans and any Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, (ii) all Solar Loan Files related to the Solar Loans and any property or assets of the Obligors pledged as collateral under a Solar Loan to secure the repayment of such Solar Loan, including without limitation the related PV System and/or Energy Storage System, each now and hereafter owned, (iii) each Solar Loan Agreement including the right to (a) receive all amounts due under or required to be paid pursuant to such Solar Loan Agreement on and after the related Cut-Off Date (including all interest capitalized and added to the Solar Loan Balance of a Solar Loan on a Section 25D Credit Payment Date, if any), (b) all security interests, liens and assignments securing payment of such Solar Loan Agreement and (c) all books, records and computer tapes relating to such Solar Loan Agreement; (iv) the Issuer's rights in the Electronic Vault, (v) all rights and remedies under the Contribution Agreement, the Performance Guaranty, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Custodial Agreement, any Letter of Credit and all other Transaction Documents, (vi) amounts (including all amounts collected from each Obligor under its Solar Loan Agreement) deposited from time to time into the Lockbox Account, the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and all amounts deposited from time to time and all Eligible Investments in each such account, (vii) all other assets of the Issuer, and (viii) the proceeds of any and all of the foregoing including all proceeds of the conversion, voluntary or involuntary, of any of the foregoing into cash or other property (collectively, the "Trust Estate"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust Estate shall not include (i) any returned items required to be returned to the financial institution maintaining the Lockbox Account, (ii) Obligor Security Deposits on deposit in the Obligor Security Deposit Account nor (iii) amounts received relating to Grid Services.

Such Grant is made in trust, to secure payments of amounts due with respect to the Notes ratably and without prejudice, priority or distinction between or among the Notes, and to secure (i) the payment of all amounts on the Notes as such amounts become due in accordance with their terms; (ii) the payment of all other sums payable in accordance with

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

the provisions of this Indenture; and (iii) compliance with the provisions of this Indenture, all as provided in this Indenture.

The Indenture Trustee acknowledges such Grant, accepts the trusts hereunder in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, and agrees to perform the duties herein required pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Indenture and subject to the conditions hereof.

Article I

Definitions

Section 1.01.General Definitions and Rules of Construction. Except as otherwise specified or as the context may otherwise require, capitalized terms used in this Indenture shall have the respective meanings given to such terms in the Standard Definitions attached hereto as Annex A, which is hereby incorporated by reference into this Indenture as if set forth fully in this Indenture. The rules of construction set forth in Annex A shall apply to this Indenture and are hereby incorporated by reference into this Indenture as if set forth fully in this Indenture.

Section 1.02.Calculations. Calculations required to be made pursuant to this Indenture shall be made on the basis of information or accountings as to payments on each Note furnished by the Servicer. Except to the extent they are incorrect on their face, such information or accountings may be conclusively relied upon in making such calculations, but to the extent that it is later determined that any such information or accountings are incorrect, appropriate corrections or adjustments will be made.

Article II

The Notes; Reconveyance

Section 2.01.    General. (a) The Notes shall be designated as the "Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A" and the "Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B".

(b)All payments of principal and interest with respect to the Notes shall be made only from the Trust Estate on the terms and conditions specified herein. Each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of a Note, agrees that, subject to the repurchase obligations of Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and the Depositor in the Contribution Agreement and the indemnification obligations provided for herein and in the Contribution Agreement, the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement and the obligations of the Performance Guarantor under the Performance Guaranty, it will have recourse solely against such Trust Estate and such repurchase and indemnification obligations.

(c)Except as otherwise provided herein, all Notes shall be substantially identical in all respects. Except as specifically provided herein, all Notes issued, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture shall be in all respects equally and ratably entitled to the benefits hereof without preference, priority or distinction on account of the actual time or times of authentication and delivery, all in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Indenture.

    2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(d)The Initial Outstanding Note Balance of the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes, that may be executed by the Issuer and authenticated and delivered by the Indenture Trustee and Outstanding at any given time under this Indenture is limited to $178,000,000 and $49,700,000, respectively.

(e)Holders of the Notes shall be entitled to payments of interest and principal as provided herein. Each Class of Notes shall have a final maturity on the Rated Final Maturity. All Notes of the same Class shall be secured on parity with one another, with no Note of any Class having any priority over any other Note of that same Class.

(f)The Notes that are authenticated and delivered to the Noteholders by the Indenture Trustee upon an Issuer Order on the Closing Date shall be dated as of the Closing Date. Any Note issued later in exchange for, or in replacement of, any Note issued on the Closing Date shall be dated the date of its authentication.

(g)Each Class of Notes is issuable in minimum denominations of $100,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof; provided that one Note of each Class of Notes may be issued in an amount equal to the minimum initial denomination for such Class of Notes plus any remaining portion of the Initial Outstanding Note Balance of such Class of Notes; provided, further, that the foregoing shall not restrict or prevent the transfer in accordance with the last sentence of Section 2.07 hereof of any Note with a remaining Outstanding Note Balance of less than $100,000.

Section 2.02.    Forms of Notes. The Notes shall be in substantially the form set forth in Exhibit A-1, Exhibit A-2 and Exhibit A-3, as applicable, with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the Issuer, as evidenced by its execution thereof.

The Definitive Notes shall be typewritten, printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods, all as determined by the officers executing such Notes, as evidenced by their execution of such Notes.

Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The terms of the Notes are set forth in Exhibit A-1, Exhibit A-2 and Exhibit A-3 are part of the terms of this Indenture.

(a)Global Notes. The Notes are being offered and sold by the Issuer to the Initial Purchaser pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement.

Notes offered and sold within the United States to QIBs in reliance on Rule 144A shall be issued initially in the form of Rule 144A Global Notes, which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with the Indenture Trustee, as custodian for the Securities Depository, and registered in the name of the Securities Depository or a nominee of the Securities Depository, duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Indenture Trustee as hereinafter provided. The Outstanding Note Balance of the Rule 144A Global Notes may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Indenture Trustee and the Securities Depository or its nominee as hereinafter provided. The Indenture Trustee shall not be liable for any error or omission by the Securities Depository in making such record adjustments and the records of the Indenture Trustee shall be controlling with regard to outstanding principal amount of Notes hereunder.

    3

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Notes offered and sold outside of the United States in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act shall initially be issued in the form of a Regulation S Temporary Global Note, which shall be deposited on behalf of the purchasers of the Notes represented thereby with the Indenture Trustee, as custodian for the Securities Depository, and registered in the name of the Securities Depository or the nominee of the Securities Depository for the investors' respective accounts at Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. as operator of the Euroclear System ("Euroclear") or Clearstream Banking société anonyme ("Clearstream"), duly executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Indenture Trustee as hereinafter provided. Beneficial interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Notes may be held only through Euroclear or Clearstream.

Within a reasonable period of time following the expiration of the "40-day distribution compliance period" (as defined in Regulation S), beneficial interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note shall be exchanged for beneficial interests in Regulation S Permanent Global Notes upon the receipt by the Indenture Trustee of (i) a written certificate from the Securities Depository, together with copies of certificates from Euroclear and Clearstream, certifying that they have received certification of non-United States beneficial ownership of 100% of the Outstanding Note Balance of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note (except to the extent of any beneficial owners thereof who acquired an interest therein pursuant to another exemption from registration under the Securities Act and who will take delivery of a beneficial ownership interest in a Rule 144A Global Note, all as contemplated by Section 2.08(a)(ii)), and (ii) an Officer's Certificate from the Issuer. The Regulation S Permanent Global Notes will be deposited with the Indenture Trustee, as custodian, and registered in the name of a nominee of the Securities Depository. Simultaneously with the authentication of the Regulation S Permanent Global Notes, the Indenture Trustee shall cancel the Regulation S Temporary Global Note. The Outstanding Note Balance of the Regulation S Temporary Global Note and the Regulation S Permanent Global Notes may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Indenture Trustee and the Securities Depository or its nominee, as the case may be, in connection with transfers of interest as hereinafter provided. The Indenture Trustee shall incur no liability for any error or omission of the Securities Depository in making such record adjustments and the records of the Indenture Trustee shall be controlling with regard to outstanding principal amount of Regulation S Global Notes hereunder.

Each Global Note shall represent such of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified therein and each shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of outstanding Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate, to reflect exchanges and prepayments. Any endorsement of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Indenture Trustee, or by the Note Registrar at the direction of the Indenture Trustee, in accordance with instructions given by the Holder thereof as required by Section 2.08.

The provisions of the "Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System" and "Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear" and the "Management Regulations" and "Instructions to Participants" of Clearstream shall be applicable to interests in the Regulation S Temporary Global Note and the Regulation S Permanent Global Notes that are held by the members of, or participants in, the Securities Depository ("Agent Members") through Euroclear or Clearstream.

    4

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Except as set forth in Section 2.08, the Global Notes may be transferred, in whole and not in part, only to another nominee of the Securities Depository or to a successor of the Securities Depository or its nominee.

(b)Book-Entry Provisions. This Section 2.02(b) shall apply only to the Global Notes deposited with or on behalf of the Securities Depository.

The Issuer shall execute and the Indenture Trustee shall, in accordance with this Section 2.02(b), authenticate and deliver one Global Note for each Class of Notes which (i) shall be registered in the name of the Securities Depository or the nominee of the Securities Depository and (ii) shall be delivered by the Indenture Trustee to the Securities Depository or pursuant to the Securities Depository's instructions or held by the Indenture Trustee as custodian for the Securities Depository.

Agent Members shall have no rights either under this Indenture with respect to any Global Note held on their behalf by the Securities Depository or by the Indenture Trustee as custodian for the Securities Depository or under such Global Note, and the Securities Depository may be treated by the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee as the absolute owner of such Global Note for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee or any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Securities Depository or impair, as between the Securities Depository and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices of such Securities Depository governing the exercise of the rights of an owner of a beneficial interest in any Global Note.

The Note Registrar and the Indenture Trustee shall be entitled to treat the Securities Depository for all purposes of this Indenture (including the payment of principal of and interest on the Notes and the giving of instructions or directions hereunder) as the sole Holder of the Notes, and shall have no obligation to the Note Owners.

The rights of Note Owners shall be exercised only through the Securities Depository and shall be limited to those established by law and agreements between such Note Owners and the Securities Depository and/or the Agent Members pursuant to the Note Depository Agreement. The initial Securities Depository will make book-entry transfers among the Agent Members and receive and transmit payments of principal of and interest on the Notes to such Agent Members with respect to such Global Notes.

Whenever this Indenture requires or permits actions to be taken based upon instructions or directions of Holders of Notes evidencing a specified percentage of the Outstanding amount of the Notes, the Securities Depository shall be deemed to represent such percentage only to the extent that it has received instructions to such effect from Note Owners and/or Agent Members owning or representing, respectively, such required percentage of the beneficial interest in the Notes and has delivered such instructions to the Indenture Trustee.

    5

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(c)Definitive Notes. Except as provided in Sections 2.08 and 2.13, owners of beneficial interests in Global Notes will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificated definitive, fully registered Notes (the "Definitive Notes").

Section 2.03.    Payment of Interest. (a) Noteholders shall, subject to the priorities and conditions set forth in the Priority of Payments, be entitled to receive payments of interest and principal on each Payment Date. Any payment of interest or principal payable with respect to the Notes on the applicable Payment Date shall be made to the Person in whose name such Note is registered as of the Record Date for such Payment Date in the manner provided in Section 5.09.

(b)On each Payment Date, the Interest Distribution Amount for each Class of Notes will be distributed to the registered Noteholders of the applicable Class of Notes as of the related Record Date to the extent Available Funds are sufficient for such distribution in accordance with the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable. Interest on the Notes with respect to any Payment Date will accrue at the applicable Note Rate based on the Interest Accrual Period.

(c)If the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance has not been paid in full on or before the Anticipated Repayment Date, additional interest (the "Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts") will begin to accrue during each Interest Accrual Period thereafter on each outstanding Class of Notes at the related Post-ARD Additional Interest Rate. The Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts, if any, for a Class of Notes will only be due and payable (i) after the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance, any Note Balance Write-Down Amounts and any Deferred Interest amounts have been paid in full or (ii) on the date on which a Voluntary Prepayment of all outstanding Notes in full is being made. Prior to such time, the Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts accruing on a Class of Notes will be deferred and added to any Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts previously deferred and remaining unpaid ("DeferredPost-ARD Additional Interest Amounts"). Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts will not bear interest.

Section 2.04.    Payments to Noteholders. (a) Principal payments and interest on a Class of Notes will be made on each Payment Date to the Noteholders of each Class as of the related Record Date pursuant to the Priority of Payments. The remaining Outstanding Note Balance of each Class of Notes, if any, shall be payable no later than the Rated Final Maturity.

(b)All reductions in the principal balance of a Note (or one or more Predecessor Notes) effected by payments of principal made on any Payment Date shall be binding upon all Holders of such Note and of any Note issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, whether or not such payment is noted on such Note.

(c)The Note Balance Write-Down Amount shall be applied in the following order of priority: (i) to the Class B Notes until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class B Notes is reduced to zero and (ii) to the Class A Notes until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class A Notes is reduced to zero. The application of the Note Balance Write-Down Amount to a Class of Notes will not reduce such Class' entitlement to unpaid principal and interest.

    6

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 2.05.    Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. (a) The Notes shall be executed by the Issuer. The signature of such Authorized Officer on the Notes may be manual or facsimile. Notes bearing the manual or facsimile signature of any individual who was, at the time of execution thereof, an Authorized Officer of the Issuer shall bind the Issuer, notwithstanding the fact that such individual ceased to hold such office prior to the authentication and delivery of such Notes or did not hold such office at the date of issuance of such Notes.

(b)On the Closing Date, the Issuer shall, and at any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Issuer may deliver Notes executed by the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee for authentication, and the Indenture Trustee, upon receipt of the Notes and of an Issuer Order, shall authenticate and deliver such Notes; provided, however, that the Indenture Trustee shall not authenticate the Notes on the Closing Date unless and until it shall have received the documents listed in Section 2.12.

(c)Each Note authenticated and delivered by the Indenture Trustee to or upon an Issuer Order on or prior to the Closing Date shall be dated the Closing Date. All other Notes that are authenticated after the Closing Date for any other purpose under this Indenture shall be dated the date of their authentication.

(d)Notes issued upon transfer, exchange or replacement of other Notes shall be issued in authorized denominations reflecting the Outstanding Note Balance so transferred, exchanged or replaced, but shall represent only the Outstanding Note Balance so transferred, exchanged or replaced. In the event that any Note is divided into more than one Note in accordance with this Article II, such Outstanding Note Balance shall be divided among the Notes delivered in exchange therefor.

(e)No Note shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Note a certificate of authentication, substantially in the form provided for herein, executed by the Indenture Trustee by the manual signature of a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee, and such executed certificate upon any Note shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Note has been duly authenticated and delivered.

Section 2.06.    Temporary Notes. Except for the Notes maintained in book-entry form, temporary Notes shall be issuable in any authorized denomination, and substantially in the form of the Definitive Notes but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Notes, all as may be determined by the Issuer. Every such temporary Note shall be executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Indenture Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with the same effect, as the Definitive Notes. Without unreasonable delay, the Issuer will execute and deliver to the Indenture Trustee Definitive Notes (other than in the case of Notes in global form) and thereupon any or all temporary Notes (other than in the case of Notes in global form) may be surrendered in exchange therefor, at the Corporate Trust Office, and the Indenture Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Notes an equal aggregate principal amount of Definitive Notes. Such exchange shall be made by the Issuer at its own expense and without any charge therefor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Notes shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits and subject to the same limitations under this Indenture as Definitive Notes authenticated and delivered hereunder.

    7

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 2.07.    Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. (a) The Indenture Trustee (in such capacity, the "Note Registrar") shall cause to be kept at its Corporate Trust Office a register (the "Note Register"), in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Note Registrar shall provide for the registration of the Notes and the registration of transfers of such Notes. The Notes are intended to be obligations in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f), Section 871(h)(2) and Section 881(c)(2) of the Code.

(b)Each Person who has or who acquires any Ownership Interest in a Note shall be deemed by the acceptance or acquisition of such Ownership Interest to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of this Section 2.07 and Section 2.08.

(c)Each purchaser of Global Notes, other than the Initial Purchaser, by its acceptance thereof, will be deemed to have acknowledged, represented and agreed as follows:

(i)The purchaser (A) (1) is a QIB, (2) is aware that the sale to it is being made in reliance on Rule 144A and (3) is acquiring the Notes or interests therein for its own account (and not for the account of others) or as a fiduciary agent for others (which others are also QIBs and have executed an agreement containing substantially the same representations as provided herein); or (B) is not a U.S. Person and is purchasing the Notes or interests therein in an offshore transaction pursuant to Regulation S. The purchaser is aware that it (or any account of a QIB for which it is purchasing) may be required to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Notes for an indefinite period, and it (or such account) is able to bear such risk for an indefinite period.

(ii)The purchaser understands that the Notes and interests therein are being offered in a transaction not involving any public offering in the United States within the meaning of the Securities Act, that the Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act or any other applicable securities laws and that (A) if in the future it decides to offer, resell, pledge or otherwise transfer any of the Notes or any interests therein, such Notes (or the interests therein) may only be offered, resold, pledged or otherwise transferred in denominations (the "Minimum Denomination") of $100,000 and in each case, in integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof, and only (i) in the United States to a person whom the seller reasonably believes is a QIB in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A (acting for its own account and not for the account of others, or as a fiduciary or agent for other QIBs to whom notice is given that the sale, pledge or transfer is being made in reliance on Rule 144A), (ii) outside the United States in a transaction complying with the provisions of Regulation S under the Securities Act or (iii) pursuant to another exemption from registration under the Securities Act (if available and evidenced by an opinion of counsel acceptable to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee), in each of cases (i) through (iii) in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any state of the U.S. and any other applicable jurisdiction, and that (B) the purchaser will, and each subsequent holder is required to, notify any subsequent purchaser of such Notes or interests therein from it of the resale restrictions referred to above. Notwithstanding the foregoing restriction, any Note that has originally been properly issued in an amount no less than the Minimum Denomination, or any interest therein, may be offered, resold, pledged or otherwise transferred in a denomination less than the Minimum Denomination if such lesser denomination is solely a result of a reduction of principal due to payments made in accordance with this Indenture.

    8

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(iii)The purchaser acknowledges that none of the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee or the Initial Purchaser or any person representing the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee or the Initial Purchaser has made any representation to it with respect to the Issuer or Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee or the Initial Purchaser or the sale of any Notes, other than the information contained in the Offering Circular, which Offering Circular has been delivered to it and upon which it is relying in making its investment decision with respect to the Notes; accordingly, it acknowledges that no representation or warranty is made by the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee or the Initial Purchaser as to the accuracy or completeness of such materials; and it has had access to such financial and other information concerning the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee and the Notes as it has deemed necessary in connection with its decision to purchase any of the Notes, including an opportunity to ask questions and request information from the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee and the Initial Purchaser. It acknowledges that the delivery of the Offering Circular at any time does not imply that information herein is correct as of any time subsequent to this date.

(iv)The purchaser understands that the applicable Notes will, until such Notes may be resold pursuant to Rule 144(b)(1) of the Securities Act, unless otherwise agreed by the Issuer and the holder thereof, bear a legend substantially to the following effect:

    9

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

THIS NOTE (OR ITS PREDECESSOR) HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS OF ANY STATE IN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY FOREIGN SECURITIES LAWS. NEITHER THIS NOTE NOR ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM. EACH PURCHASER OF THIS NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN IS HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT THE SELLER OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE RELYING ON THE EXEMPTION FROM THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 5 OF THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144A THEREUNDER.

EACH PURCHASER AND TRANSFEREE (AND IF THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR PLAN SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, ITS FIDUCIARY) BY ITS PURCHASE OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN IS DEEMED TO HAVE REPRESENTED AND WARRANTED THAT EITHER (1) IT IS NOT, AND IS NOT ACQUIRING THE NOTE OR INTEREST THEREIN FOR, ON BEHALF OF, OR WITH THE ASSETS OF, ANY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN AS DEFINED IN SECTION 3(3) OF THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974, AS AMENDED ("ERISA") THAT IS SUBJECT TO TITLE I OF ERISA OR ANY OTHER "PLAN" AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4975(E)(1) OF THE CODE THAT IS SUBJECT TO SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR ANY ENTITY WHOSE UNDERLYING ASSETS INCLUDE PLAN ASSETS BY REASON OF AN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN'S OR PLAN'S INVESTMENT IN SUCH ENTITY (EACH A "BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR"), OR ANY PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO ANY LAW SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR TO ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE ("SIMILAR LAW"), OR (2) IF PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR A PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, THE PURCHASE, HOLDING AND DISPOSITION OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN DOES NOT RESULT IN A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER OR VIOLATION OF SIMILAR LAW AND WILL BE CONSISTENT WITH ANY APPLICABLE FIDUCIARY DUTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED UPON THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE.

THE HOLDER OF THIS NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ISSUER THAT (A) THIS NOTE AND ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY ONLY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN DENOMINATIONS (THE "MINIMUM DENOMINATION") OF $100,000 AND IN INTEGRAL MULTIPLES OF $1,000 IN EXCESS THEREOF, AND ONLY (I) IN THE UNITED STATES TO A PERSON WHOM THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A (ACTING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT AND NOT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF OTHERS, OR AS A FIDUCIARY OR AGENT FOR OTHER QIBS TO WHOM NOTICE IS GIVEN THAT THE SALE, PLEDGE OR TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN RELIANCE ON RULE 144A), (II) OUTSIDE THE U.S. IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION S UNDER THE

    10

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

SECURITIES ACT OR (III) PURSUANT TO ANOTHER EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE AND EVIDENCED BY AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE ISSUER AND THE INDENTURE TRUSTEE), IN EACH OF CASES (I) THROUGH (III) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND ANY OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION, AND (B) THE HOLDER WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THIS NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN FROM IT OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO ABOVE. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION, ANY NOTE THAT HAS ORIGINALLY BEEN PROPERLY ISSUED IN AN AMOUNT NO LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION, OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, MAY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN A DENOMINATION LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION IF SUCH LESSER DENOMINATION IS SOLELY A RESULT OF A REDUCTION OF PRINCIPAL DUE TO PAYMENTS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INDENTURE.

The purchaser understands that the Issuer may receive a list of participants holding positions in the Notes from the Securities Depository.

(v)The purchaser understands that any Note offered in reliance on Regulation S will, during the 40-day distribution compliance period commencing on the day after the later of the commencement of the offering and the date of original issuance of the Notes, bear a legend substantially to the following effect:

THIS NOTE IS A TEMPORARY GLOBAL NOTE FOR PURPOSES OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT WHICH IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR A PERMANENT REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE INDENTURE.

PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS 40 DAYS AFTER THE LATER OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE OFFERING AND THE ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTES, THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO A U.S. PERSON EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.

Following the 40-day distribution compliance period, interests in a Regulation S Temporary Global Note will be exchanged for interests in a Regulation S Permanent Global Note.

(vi)Each purchaser and transferee (and if the purchaser or transferee is a Benefit Plan Investor or plan subject to Similar Law, its fiduciary) by its purchase of a Note or Ownership Interest therein shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) it is not, and is not acquiring such Note or interest therein for or on behalf of or with the assets of, any employee benefit plan as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employment Retirement Income Security Act, as amended ("ERISA") that is subject to Title I of ERISA or any other "plan" as defined in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code that is subject to Section 4975 of the Code or any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of an employee benefit plan's or plan's investment in such entity (each a "Benefit Plan Investor"), or any plan that is subject to any law

    11

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

substantially similar to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (each a "Similar Law") or (ii) if purchaser or transferee is a Benefit Plan Investor or a Plan that is subject to Similar Law, the purchase, holding and disposition of the Note or interest therein will not result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or non-exempt prohibited transaction under or violation of Similar Law and will be consistent with any applicable fiduciary duties that may be imposed upon the purchaser or transferee.

(vii)Each purchaser and transferee by its purchase of a Note or interest therein shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that at the time of its purchase and throughout the period that it holds such Note or interest therein, that it will not sell or otherwise transfer the Note or interest therein to any person without first obtaining the same foregoing representations, warranties and covenants from that person.

(viii)Each purchaser and transferee by its purchase of a Note or interest therein shall be deemed to have agreed to treat such Note as indebtedness and indicate on all federal, state and local income tax and information returns and reports required to be filed with respect to such Note, under any applicable federal, state or local tax statute or any rule or regulation under any of them, that such Note is indebtedness unless otherwise required by Applicable Law.

(ix)The purchaser acknowledges that the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Depositor, the Indenture Trustee, the Initial Purchaser and others will rely upon the truth and accuracy of the foregoing acknowledgments, representations, warranties, and agreements and agrees that, if any of the acknowledgments, representations, warranties and agreements deemed to have been made by its purchase of the Notes are no longer accurate, it shall promptly notify the Initial Purchaser. If it is acquiring any Notes as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, it represents that it has sole investment discretion with respect to each such investor account and that it has full power to make the foregoing acknowledgments, representations and agreements on behalf of each such investor account.

(x)The purchaser understands that the Issuer may receive a list of participants holding positions in the Notes from the Securities Depository.

(d)Other than with respect to Notes maintained in book-entry form, at the option of a Noteholder, Notes may be exchanged for other Notes of any authorized denominations and of a like Outstanding Note Balance and Class upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at the Corporate Trust Office. Whenever any Notes are so surrendered for exchange, the Issuer shall execute, and the Indenture Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Notes which the Noteholder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

(e)Other than with respect to Notes maintained in book-entry form, any Note presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange of Notes shall be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee duly executed. All Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Issuer, evidencing the same rights, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Class of Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. No service charge shall be made for any

    12

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

registration of transfer or exchange of Notes, but the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any Tax or other governmental charge as may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.08 not involving any transfer.

The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act or securities laws of any jurisdiction. Consequently, the Notes are not transferable other than pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and satisfaction of provisions set forth in this Indenture.

Section 2.08.    Transfer and Exchange. (a) The transfer and exchange of Global Notes or beneficial interests therein shall be effected through the Securities Depository, in accordance with this Indenture and the procedures of the Securities Depository therefor, which shall include restrictions on transfer comparable to those set forth herein to the extent required by the Securities Act. Beneficial interests in a Global Note may be transferred to persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the legends in subsections of Section 2.07(c), as applicable. Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes to persons required or permitted to take delivery thereof in the form of an interest in another Global Note shall be permitted as follows:

(i)Rule 144A Global Note to Regulation S Global Note. If, at any time, an owner of a beneficial interest in a Rule 144A Global Note deposited with the Securities Depository (or the Indenture Trustee as custodian for the Securities Depository) wishes to transfer its interest in such Rule 144A Global Note to a person who is required or permitted to take delivery thereof in the form of an interest in a Regulation S Global Note, such owner shall, subject to compliance with the applicable procedures described herein (the "Applicable Procedures"), exchange or cause the exchange of such interest for an equivalent beneficial interest in a Regulation S Global Note as provided in this Section 2.08(a)(i). Upon receipt by the Indenture Trustee of (1) instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures from an Agent Member directing the Indenture Trustee to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest in the Rule 144A Global Note to be exchanged, (2) a written order given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the participant account of the Securities Depository and the Euroclear or Clearstream account to be credited with such increase, and (3) a certificate in the form of Exhibit B-1 hereto given by the Note Owner of such beneficial interest stating that the transfer of such interest has been made in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 of Regulation S, then the Indenture Trustee, as Note Registrar, shall instruct the Securities Depository to reduce or cause to be reduced the initial Outstanding Note Balance of the applicable Rule 144A Global Note and to increase or cause to be increased the initial Outstanding Note Balance of the applicable Regulation S Global Note by the initial principal amount of the beneficial interest in the Rule 144A Global Note to be exchanged, to credit or cause to be credited to the account of the person specified in such instructions a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note equal to the reduction in the initial Outstanding Note Balance of the Rule 144A Global Note, and to debit, or cause to be debited, from the account of the person making such exchange or transfer the beneficial interest in the Rule 144A Global Note that is being exchanged or transferred.

    13

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(ii)Regulation S Global Note to Rule 144A Global Note. If, at any time an owner of a beneficial interest in a Regulation S Global Note deposited with the Securities Depository or with the Indenture Trustee as custodian for the Securities Depository wishes to transfer its interest in such Regulation S Global Note to a person who is required or permitted to take delivery thereof in the form of an interest in a Rule 144A Global Note, such owner shall, subject to the Applicable Procedures, exchange or cause the exchange of such interest for an equivalent beneficial interest in a Rule 144A Global Note as provided in this Section 2.08(a)(ii). Upon receipt by the Indenture Trustee of (1) instructions from Euroclear or Clearstream, if applicable, and the Securities Depository, directing the Indenture Trustee, as Note Registrar, to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in the Rule 144A Global Note equal to the beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note to be exchanged, such instructions to contain information regarding the participant account with the Securities Depository to be credited with such increase, (2) a written order given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the participant account of the Securities Depository and (3) if such transfer is being effected prior to the expiration of the "40-day distribution compliance period" (as defined by Regulation S under the Securities Act), a certificate in the form of Exhibit B-2 attached hereto given by the Note Owner of such beneficial interest stating (A) if the transfer is pursuant to Rule 144A, that the person transferring such interest in a Regulation S Global Note reasonably believes that the person acquiring such interest in a Rule 144A Global Note is a QIB and is obtaining such beneficial interest in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and any applicable blue sky or securities laws of any State, (B) that the transfer complies with the requirements of Rule 144A under the Securities Act and any applicable blue sky or securities laws of any State or (C) if the transfer is pursuant to any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, that the transfer of such interest has been made in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the requirements of the exemption claimed, such statement to be supported by an Opinion of Counsel from the transferee or the transferor in form reasonably acceptable to the Issuer and to the Indenture Trustee, then the Indenture Trustee, as Note Registrar, shall instruct the Securities Depository to reduce or cause to be reduced the initial Outstanding Note Balance of such Regulation S Global Note and to increase or cause to be increased the initial Outstanding Note Balance of the applicable Rule 144A Global Note by the initial principal amount of the beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note to be exchanged, and the Indenture Trustee, as Note Registrar, shall instruct the Securities Depository, concurrently with such reduction, to credit or cause to be credited to the account of the person specified in such instructions a beneficial interest in the applicable Rule 144A Global Note equal to the reduction in the Outstanding Note Balance at maturity of such Regulation S Global Note and to debit or cause to be debited from the account of the person making such transfer the beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note that is being transferred.

(b)Transfer and Exchange from Definitive Notes to Definitive Notes. When Definitive Notes are presented by a Holder to the Note Registrar with a request:

(i)to register the transfer of Definitive Notes in the form of other Definitive Notes; or

(i)to exchange such Definitive Notes for an equal principal amount of Definitive Notes of other authorized denominations,

    14

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

the Note Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested; provided, however, that the Definitive Notes presented or surrendered for register of transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Note Registrar duly executed by such Holder or by his attorney, duly authorized in writing; and

(i)if such Definitive Note is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A or in an offshore transaction pursuant to Regulation S, a certification to that effect from such Holder (in the form of Exhibit B-3 hereto); or

(ii)if such Definitive Note is being transferred in reliance on any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, a certification to that effect from such Holder (in the form of Exhibit B-3 hereto) and an Opinion of Counsel from such Holder or the transferee reasonably acceptable to the Issuer and to the Indenture Trustee to the effect that such transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act.

(c)Restrictions on Transfer and Exchange of Global Notes. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, a Global Note may not be transferred except by the Securities Depository to a nominee of the Securities Depository or by a nominee of the Securities Depository to the Securities Depository or another nominee of the Securities Depository or by the Securities Depository or any such nominee to a successor Securities Depository or a nominee of such successor Securities Depository.

(d)Initial Issuance of the Notes. The Initial Purchaser shall not be required to deliver, and neither the Issuer nor the Indenture Trustee shall demand therefrom, any of the certifications or opinions described in this Section 2.08 in connection with the initial issuance of the Notes and the delivery thereof by the Issuer.

Section 2.09.    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes. (a) If (i) any mutilated Note is surrendered to the Indenture Trustee or the Indenture Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Note, and (ii) there is delivered to the Indenture Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by the Indenture Trustee to hold each of the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee harmless, then, in the absence of actual notice to the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee that such Note has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Issuer shall execute, and the Indenture Trustee shall authenticate and deliver upon an Issuer Order, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Note, a new Note or Notes of the same tenor and Class and principal balance bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding; provided, however, that if any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall have become subject to receipt of payment in full, instead of issuing a new Note, the Indenture Trustee may make a payment with respect to such Note without surrender thereof, except that any mutilated Note shall be surrendered. If, after the delivery of such new Note or payment with respect to a destroyed, lost or stolen Note pursuant to the proviso to the preceding sentence, a protected purchaser of the original Note in lieu of which such new Note was issued presents for receipt of payments such original Note, the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee shall be entitled to recover such new Note (or such payment) from the Person to whom it was delivered or any Person taking such new Note from such Person, except a protected purchaser, and each of the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee shall be entitled to recover upon the security or indemnity provided therefor to the extent of any loss, damage or cost incurred by the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee in connection therewith.

    15

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(b)Upon the issuance of any new Note under this Section 2.09, the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any Tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto.

(c)Every new Note issued pursuant to this Section 2.09 in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Issuer, whether or not such destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Notes duly issued hereunder.

(d)The provisions of this Section 2.09 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment with respect to mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes.

Section 2.10.    Persons Deemed Noteholders. Before due presentment for registration of transfer of any Note, the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee may treat the Person in whose name any Note is registered as the owner of such Note (a) on the applicable Record Date for the purpose of receiving payments with respect to principal and interest on such Note and (b) on any date for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Note be overdue, and none of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

Section 2.11.    Cancellation of Notes. All Definitive Notes surrendered for payment, registration of transfer, exchange or prepayment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Indenture Trustee, be delivered to the Indenture Trustee and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Issuer may at any time deliver to the Indenture Trustee for cancellation any Note previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Issuer may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Notes so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Indenture Trustee. No Notes shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Notes canceled as provided in this Section 2.11 except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Notes shall be held and disposed of by the Indenture Trustee in accordance with its standard retention and disposal policy.

    16

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 2.12.    Conditions to Closing. The Notes shall be executed, authenticated and delivered on the Closing Date in accordance with Section 2.05 and, upon receipt by the Indenture Trustee of the following:

(a)an Issuer Order authorizing the authentication and delivery of such Notes by the Indenture Trustee;

(b)the original Notes executed by the Issuer and true and correct copies of the Transaction Documents;

(c)Opinions of Counsel addressed to the Indenture Trustee, the Initial Purchaser and the Rating Agencies in form and substance satisfactory to the Initial Purchaser and the Rating Agencies addressing corporate, security interest, bankruptcy and other matters;

(d)an Officer's Certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Issuer, stating that:

(i)all representations and warranties of the Issuer contained in the Transaction Documents are true and correct and no defaults exist under the Transaction Documents;

(ii)the issuance of the Notes will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other Transaction Document, the Issuer Operating Agreement or any other constituent documents of the Issuer or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which the Issuer is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject, and that all conditions precedent provided in this Indenture relating to the authentication and delivery of the Notes have been fully satisfied; and

(iii)the conditions precedent described in this Indenture and in the other Transaction Documents, if any, have been satisfied;

(e)an Officer's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date, of an Authorized Officer of Sunnova Intermediate Holdings that:

(i)Sunnova Intermediate Holdings is not in default under any of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the transfer of the Conveyed Property by it will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, its organizational documents or any other constituent documents of it or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which it is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject;

(ii)all representations and warranties of it contained in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of the Closing Date; and

(iii)all conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.12 and in the other Transaction Documents have been satisfied;

    17

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(f)an Officer's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date, of an Authorized Officer of Sunnova ABS Holdings IX that:

(i)Sunnova ABS Holdings IX is not in default under any of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the transfer of the Conveyed Property by it will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, its organizational documents or any other constituent documents of it or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which it is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject;

(ii)all representations and warranties of it contained in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of the Closing Date; and

(iii)all conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.12 and in the other Transaction Documents have been satisfied;

(g)an Officer's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date, of an Authorized Officer of the Depositor that:

(i)the Depositor is not in default under any of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the transfer of the Conveyed Property by it and the simultaneous Grant of the Trust Estate to the Indenture Trustee by the Issuer will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, its organizational documents or any other constituent documents of it or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which it is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject;

(ii)all representations and warranties of it on and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of the Closing Date contained in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are true and correct; and

(iii)all conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.12 and in the other Transaction Documents have been satisfied;

(h)an Officer's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date, of an Authorized Officer of Sunnova Management that:

(i)Sunnova Management is not in default under any of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the performance by Sunnova Management under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, its organizational documents or any other constituent documents of it or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which it is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject;

    18

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(ii)all representations and warranties of it contained in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of the Closing Date; and

(iii)all conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.12 and in the other Transaction Documents have been satisfied;

(i)an Officer's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date, of an Authorized Officer of Sunnova Energy that:

(i)Sunnova Energy is not in default under any of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the performance by Sunnova Energy under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, will not result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a material default under, its organizational documents or any other constituent documents of it or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order of any court or administrative agency entered in any Proceeding to which it is a party or by which it may be bound or to which it may be subject;

(ii)all representations and warranties of it contained in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of the Closing Date; and

(iii)all conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.12 and in the other Transaction Documents have been satisfied;

(j)a Secretary's Certificate dated as of the Closing Date of each of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, Sunnova Management, the Depositor and the Issuer regarding certain organizational matters and the incumbency of the signatures of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, Sunnova Management, the Depositor and the Issuer;

(k)the assignment to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings of its right, title and interest in the Solar Loans, the assignment to the Depositor by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX of its right, title and interest in the Solar Loans and the assignment to the Issuer by the Depositor of its right, title and interest in the Solar Loans, each pursuant to the Contribution Agreement duly executed by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor and the Issuer;

(l)presentment of all applicable UCC termination statements or partial releases (collectively, the "Termination Statements") terminating the Liens of creditors of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, any of their Affiliates or any other Person with respect to any part of the Trust Estate (except as expressly contemplated by the Transaction Documents) and the Financing Statements (which shall constitute all of the Perfection UCCs with respect to the Closing Date) to the proper Person for filing to perfect the Indenture Trustee's first priority Lien on the Trust Estate, subject to Permitted Liens;

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(m)evidence that the Indenture Trustee has established the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account;

(n)evidence that Sunnova Energy has established the Obligor Security Deposit Account;

(o)delivery by the Custodian to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee of an executed Closing Date Certification;

(p)delivery by KBRA to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee of its rating letter assigning a rating to the Class A Notes of at least "A- (sf)" and to the Class B Notes of at least "BBB- (sf)" and delivery by Fitch to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee of its rating letter assigning a rating to the Class A Notes of at least "Asf" and to the Class B Notes of at least "BBB-sf";

(q)the Servicer shall have deposited or shall have caused to be deposited all amounts received in respect of the Solar Loans since the Initial Cut-Off Date into the Collection Account (other than Obligor Security Deposits received from an Obligor, which will be deposited by the Servicer into the Obligor Security Deposit Account, and amounts received relating to Grid Services);

(r)the Reserve Account Required Balance shall have been deposited into the Reserve Account;

(s)the Section 25D Account Required Amount as of the Closing Date shall have been deposited into the Section 25D Interest Account; and

(t)any other certificate, document or instrument reasonably requested by the Initial Purchaser or the Indenture Trustee.

Section 2.13.    Definitive Notes. The Notes will be issued as Definitive Notes, rather than to DTC or its nominee, only if (a) the Securities Depository notifies the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee that it is unwilling or unable to continue as the Securities Depository with respect to any or all of the Notes or (b) at any time the Securities Depository shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, as required, and in either case a successor Securities Depository is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days after the Issuer receives notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be. Upon the occurrence of any of the events described in the immediately preceding paragraph, the Issuer will issue the Notes of each Class in the form of Definitive Notes and thereafter the Indenture Trustee will recognize the holders of such Definitive Notes as Noteholders of each such Class under this Indenture. In connection with any proposed transfer outside the book entry system or exchange of beneficial interest in a Note for Notes in definitive registered form, the Issuer shall be required to provide or cause to be provided to the Indenture Trustee all information reasonably available to it that is reasonably requested by the Indenture Trustee and is otherwise necessary to allow the Indenture Trustee to comply with any applicable tax reporting obligations, including without limitation any cost basis reporting obligations under Section 6045 of the Code. The Indenture Trustee may rely on any such information provided to it and shall have no responsibility to verify or ensure the accuracy of such information. The Indenture Trustee shall not have any responsibility or liability for any actions taken or not taken by DTC.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 2.14.    Access to List of Noteholders' Names and Addresses. The Indenture Trustee shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Servicer within 15 days after receipt by the Indenture Trustee of a request therefor from the Servicer in writing, a list, in such form as the Servicer may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Noteholders as of the most recent Record Date.

Article III

Covenants; Collateral; Representations; Warranties

Section 3.01.    Performance of Obligations. (a) The Issuer will not take any action or permit any action to be taken by others which would release any Person from any of such Person's covenants or obligations in any Transaction Document or under any instrument or agreement included in the Trust Estate or that would result in the amendment, hypothecation, subordination, termination or discharge of, or impair the validity or effectiveness of, any such instrument or agreement, except as ordered by any bankruptcy or other court or as permitted by, or expressly provided in this Indenture, the Transaction Documents or such other instrument or agreement.

(b)To the extent consistent with the Issuer Operating Agreement, the Issuer may contract with other Persons to assist it in performing its duties hereunder, and any performance of such duties shall be deemed to be action taken by the Issuer. To the extent that the Issuer contracts with other Persons which include or may include the furnishing of reports, notices or correspondence to the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer shall identify such Persons in a written notice to the Indenture Trustee.

(c)The Issuer shall and shall require that the Depositor, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings and Sunnova ABS Holdings IX characterize (i) each transfer of the Conveyed Property by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, each transfer of the Conveyed Property by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor and each transfer of the Conveyed Property by the Depositor to the Issuer pursuant to the Contribution Agreement as an absolute transfer for legal purposes, (ii) the Grant of the Trust Estate by the Issuer under this Indenture as a pledge for financial accounting purposes, and (iii) the Notes as indebtedness for U.S. federal income tax purposes (unless otherwise required by Applicable Law) and for financial accounting purposes. In this regard, the financial statements of SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries will show the Solar Loans as owned by the consolidated group and the Notes as indebtedness of the consolidated group (and will contain appropriate footnotes stating that the assets of the Issuer will not be available to creditors of SEI, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor or any other Person), and the U.S. federal income Tax Returns of SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries that are regarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes will indicate that the Notes are indebtedness unless otherwise required by Applicable Law. The Issuer will cause Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and the Depositor to file all required Tax Returns and associated forms, reports, schedules and supplements thereto in a manner consistent with such characterizations unless otherwise required by Applicable Law.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(d)The Issuer covenants to pay, or cause to be paid, all Taxes or other similar charges levied by any governmental authority with regard to the Trust Estate, except to the extent that the validity or amount of such Taxes is contested in good faith, via appropriate Proceedings and with adequate reserves established and maintained therefor in accordance with GAAP.

(e)The Issuer hereby assumes liability for all liabilities associated with the Trust Estate or created under this Indenture, including but not limited to any obligation arising from the breach or inaccuracy of any representation, warranty or covenant of the Issuer set forth herein except as provided in the Transaction Documents. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Issuer has and shall have no liability with respect to the payment of principal and interest on the Notes, except as otherwise provided in this Indenture.

(f)The Issuer will perform and observe all of its obligations and agreements contained in this Indenture, the Transaction Documents and in the instruments and agreements included in the Trust Estate, including, but not limited to, preparing (or causing to be prepared) and filing (or causing to be filed) all UCC financing statements and continuation statements required to be filed by the terms of this Indenture and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with and within the time periods provided for herein and therein. Except as otherwise expressly provided therein, the Issuer shall not waive, amend, modify, supplement or terminate any Transaction Document or any provision thereof without the consent of the Indenture Trustee (acting at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class).

(g)If an Event of Default or Manager Termination Event shall arise from the failure of the Manager to perform any of its duties or obligations under the Management Agreement, the Issuer shall take all reasonable steps available to it to remedy such failure, including appointing a replacement Manager pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement.

(h)If an Event of Default or Servicer Termination Event shall arise from the failure of the Servicer to perform any of its duties or obligations under the Servicing Agreement, the Issuer shall take all reasonable steps available to it to remedy such failure, including appointing a replacement Servicer pursuant to the terms of the Servicing Agreement.

(i)The Issuer, or the Servicer on behalf of the Issuer, will supply to the Indenture Trustee for further distribution to the Noteholders, at the time and in the manner required by applicable Treasury Regulations, and to the extent required by applicable Treasury Regulations, information with respect to any original issue discount accruing on the Notes.

(j)The Issuer agrees to promptly notify the Indenture Trustee in writing, such notice to be made available to the Noteholders, if it obtains actual knowledge that any Electronic Vault is terminated or the underlying control arrangements for any Electronic Vault are changed in any manner that could reasonably be expected to be adverse to the Noteholders and if any authoritative electronic copies of Solar Loans stored therein are no longer held within an Electronic Vault or are otherwise removed from an Electronic Vault.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.02.    Negative Covenants. In addition to the restrictions and prohibitions set forth in Sections 3.04 and 3.10 and elsewhere herein, the Issuer will not:

(a)sell, transfer, exchange or otherwise dispose of any portion of its interest in the Trust Estate except as expressly permitted by this Indenture or the Transaction Documents;

(b)permit the validity or effectiveness of this Indenture or any Grant hereunder to be impaired or permit any Person to be released from any covenants or obligations under this Indenture, except as may be expressly permitted hereby or under any other Transaction Document;

(c)create, incur or suffer, or permit to be created or incurred or to exist any Lien on any of the Trust Estate or permit the Lien created by this Indenture not to constitute a valid first priority, perfected Lien on the Trust Estate, in each case subject to Permitted Liens;

(d)take any action or fail to take any action which action or failure to act may cause the Issuer to become classified as an association, a publicly traded partnership or a taxable mortgage pool that is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or

(e)act in violation of its organization documents.

Section 3.03.    Money for Note Payments. (a) All payments with respect to any Notes which are to be made from amounts withdrawn from the Collection Account pursuant to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, shall be made on behalf of the Issuer by the Indenture Trustee, and no amounts so withdrawn from an Account for payments with respect to the Notes shall be paid over to the Issuer under any circumstances except as provided in this Section 3.03 and Article V.

(b)When the Indenture Trustee is not also the Note Registrar, the Issuer shall furnish, or cause the Note Registrar to furnish, with respect to Global Notes, on each Record Date, and with respect to Definitive Notes, no later than the fifth calendar day after each Record Date, a list, in such form as the Indenture Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Noteholders and of the number of individual Notes and the Outstanding Note Balance held by each such Noteholder.

(c)Any money held by the Indenture Trustee in trust for the payment of any amount distributable but unclaimed with respect to any Note shall be held in a non-interest bearing trust account, and if the same remains unclaimed for two years after such amount has become due to such Noteholder, such money shall be discharged from such trust and paid to the Issuer upon an Issuer Order without any further action by any Person; and the Holder of such Note shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Issuer for payment thereof (but only to the extent of the amounts so paid to the Issuer), and all liability of the Indenture Trustee with respect to such trust money shall thereupon cease. The Indenture Trustee may adopt and employ, at the expense of the Issuer, any reasonable means of notification of such payment (including, but not limited to, mailing notice of such payment to Noteholders whose Notes have been called but have not been surrendered for prepayment or whose right to or interest in moneys due and payable but not claimed is determinable from the records of the Indenture Trustee, at the last address of record for each such Noteholder).

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.04.    Restriction of Issuer Activities. Until the date that is 365 days after the Termination Date, the Issuer will not on or after the date of execution of this Indenture:

(a)engage in any business or investment activities other than those necessary for, incident to, connected with or arising out of, owning and Granting the Trust Estate to the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders, or contemplated hereby, in the Transaction Documents and the Issuer Operating Agreement;

(b)incur any indebtedness secured in any manner by, or having any claim against, the Trust Estate or the Issuer other than indebtedness arising hereunder and in connection with the Transaction Documents and as otherwise expressly permitted in a Transaction Document;

(c)incur any other indebtedness except as permitted in the Issuer Operating Agreement;

(d)amend, or propose to the member of the Depositor for their consent any amendment of, the Issuer Operating Agreement (or, if the Issuer shall be a successor to the Person named as the Issuer in the first paragraph of this Indenture, amend, consent to amendment or propose any amendment of, the governing instruments of such successor), without giving notice thereof in writing, 30 days prior to the date on which such amendment is to become effective, to the Rating Agencies;

(e)except as otherwise expressly permitted by this Indenture or the Transaction Documents, sell, transfer, exchange or otherwise dispose of any of the properties or assets of the Issuer, including those included in the Trust Estate;

(f)claim any credit on, or make any deduction from the principal or interest payable in respect of, the Notes (other than amounts properly withheld from such payments under the Code) or assert any claim against any present or former Noteholder by reason of the payment of the Taxes levied or assessed upon any part of the Trust Estate;

(g)permit the validity or effectiveness of this Indenture to be impaired, or permit the Lien in favor of the Indenture Trustee created by this Indenture to be amended, hypothecated, subordinated, terminated or discharged, or permit any Person to be released from any covenants or obligations with respect to the Notes under this Indenture except as may be expressly permitted hereby;

(h)permit the Lien of this Indenture not to constitute a valid perfected first priority (other than with respect to a Permitted Lien) Lien on the Trust Estate; or

(i)dissolve, liquidate, merge or consolidate with any other Person, other than in compliance with Section 3.10 if any Notes are Outstanding.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.05.    Protection of Trust Estate. (a) The Issuer intends the Lien Granted pursuant to this Indenture in favor of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders to be prior to all other Liens in respect of the Trust Estate, subject to Permitted Liens, and the Issuer shall take all actions necessary to obtain and maintain, in favor of the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders, a first priority, perfected Lien on the Trust Estate, subject to Permitted Liens. Subject to Section 3.05(f), the Issuer will from time to time prepare, execute (or authorize the filing of) and deliver all such supplements and amendments hereto and all such financing statements, continuation statements, instruments of further assurance, and other instruments, and will take such other action as may be necessary or advisable to:

(i)provide further assurance with respect to such Grant and/or Grant more effectively all or any portion of the Trust Estate;

(ii)(A) maintain and preserve the Lien (and the priority thereof) in favor of the Indenture Trustee created by this Indenture and (B) enforce the terms and provisions of this Indenture or carry out more effectively the purposes hereof;

(iii)perfect or protect the validity of, any Grant made or to be made by this Indenture;

(iv)enforce its rights under the Transaction Documents; or

(v)preserve and defend title to any asset included in the Trust Estate and the rights of the Indenture Trustee and of the Noteholders in the Trust Estate against the claims of all Persons.

The Issuer shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Indenture Trustee file-stamped copies of, or filing receipts for, any document recorded, registered or filed as provided above, as soon as available following such recording, registration or filing. The Issuer shall cooperate fully with the Indenture Trustee in connection with the obligations set forth above and will execute (or authorize the filing of) any and all documents reasonably required to fulfill the intent of this Section 3.05.

(b)The Issuer hereby irrevocably appoints the Indenture Trustee as its agent and attorney-in-fact (such appointment being coupled with an interest) to execute, or authorize the filing of, upon the Issuer's failure to do so, any financing statement or continuation statement required pursuant to this Section 3.05; provided, however, that such designation shall not be deemed to create any duty in the Indenture Trustee to monitor the compliance of the Issuer with the foregoing covenants; and provided further, that the Indenture Trustee shall only be obligated to execute or authorize such financing statement or continuation statement upon written direction of the Servicer and upon written notice to a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee of the failure of the Issuer to comply with the provisions of Section 3.05(a); shall not be required to pay any fees, Taxes or other governmental charges in connection therewith; and shall not be required to prepare any financing statement or continuation statement required pursuant to this Section 3.05 (which shall in each case be prepared by the Issuer or the Servicer). The Issuer shall cooperate with the Servicer and provide to the Servicer any information, documents or instruments with respect to such financing statement or continuation statement that the Servicer may reasonably require. Neither the Indenture Trustee nor any of its officers, directors, employees, attorneys or agents will be responsible or liable for the existence, genuineness, value or protection of any collateral securing the Notes, for the legality, enforceability, effectiveness or sufficiency of the Transaction Documents or any financing statement or continuation statement for the

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

creation, perfection, continuation, priority, sufficiency or protection of any of the liens, or for any defect or deficiency as to any such matters, for monitoring the status of any lien or performance of the collateral or for the accuracy or sufficiency of any financing statement or continuation statement prepared for its execution or authorization hereunder.

(c)Except as necessary or advisable in connection with the fulfillment by the Indenture Trustee of its duties and obligations described herein or in any other Transaction Document, the Indenture Trustee shall not remove any portion of the Trust Estate that consists of money or is evidenced by an instrument, certificate or other writing from the jurisdiction in which it was held as described in the most recent Opinion of Counsel that was delivered pursuant to Section 3.06 (or from the jurisdiction in which it was held as described in the Opinion of Counsel delivered at the Closing Date pursuant to Section 2.12(c), if no Opinion of Counsel has yet been delivered pursuant to Section 3.06) unless the Indenture Trustee shall have first received an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Lien created by this Indenture with respect to such property will continue to be maintained after giving effect to such action or actions.

(d)No later than 30 days prior to any of Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor or the Issuer making any change in its or their name, identity, jurisdiction of organization or structure which would make any financing statement or continuation statement filed in accordance with Section 3.05(a) above seriously misleading within the meaning of Section 9-506 of the UCC as in effect in New York or wherever else necessary or appropriate under Applicable Law, or otherwise impair the perfection of the Lien on the Trust Estate, the Issuer shall give or cause to be given to the Indenture Trustee written notice of any such change and shall file such financing statements or amendments as may be necessary to continue the perfection of the Indenture Trustee's Lien on the Trust Estate. None of Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor or the Issuer shall become or seek to become organized under the laws of more than one jurisdiction.

(e)The Issuer shall give the Indenture Trustee written notice at least 30 days prior to any relocation of Sunnova Intermediate Holdings', Sunnova ABS Holdings IX's, the Depositor's or the Issuer's respective principal executive office or jurisdiction of organization and whether, as a result of such relocation, the applicable provisions of relevant law or the UCC would require the filing of any amendment of any previously filed financing or continuation statement or of any new financing statement and shall file such financing statements or amendments as may be necessary to continue the perfection of the Indenture Trustee's Lien on the Trust Estate. The Issuer shall at all times maintain its principal executive office and jurisdiction of organization within the United States of America.

(f)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3.05 or otherwise in this Indenture, UCC Fixture Filings will be maintained in the name of the initial Servicer, as secured party, on behalf of the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee. A UCC Fixture Filing may, or at the direction of the Issuer or the Servicer shall, be released by the secured party in connection with an Obligor refinancing transaction or sale of the related home, so long as the Servicer re-files the UCC Fixture Filing within 10 Business Days of obtaining knowledge of, but no later than 45 calendar days of, the closing of such refinancing or sale (if applicable). Following an Event of Default or the removal of Sunnova Management as Servicer following a Servicer Termination Event, the Servicer shall cause each UCC Fixture Filing to be assigned to the Indenture Trustee as secured party. To the extent the Servicer fails to do so, the Indenture Trustee is authorized to do so, but only if the Indenture Trustee is given a written direction or an Opinion of Counsel specifying the jurisdictions in which such filings

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

shall be made and attaching copies of the applicable assignments of the UCC Fixture Filings to be filed by the Indenture Trustee.

Section 3.06.    Opinions and Officer’s Certificate as to Trust Estate. (a) On the Closing Date and, if requested by the Indenture Trustee on the date of each supplemental indenture hereto, the Issuer shall furnish to the Indenture Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, in the opinion of such counsel, either (i) such action has been taken with respect to the recording and filing of the requisite documents (except as set forth in Section 3.05(f) and assuming the filing of any required financing statements and continuation statements) as are necessary to perfect and make effective the Lien on the Trust Estate in favor of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders, created by this Indenture, subject to Permitted Liens, and reciting the details of such action or (ii) no such action is necessary to make such Lien effective.

(b)On or before the thirtieth day prior to the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date and every five years thereafter until the earlier of the Rated Final Maturity or the Termination Date, the Issuer shall furnish to the Indenture Trustee an Officer’s Certificate either stating that, (i) such action has been taken with respect to the recording, filing, re-recording and re-filing of the requisite documents, except as set forth in Section 3.05(f), including the filing of any financing statements and continuation statements as is necessary to maintain the Lien created by this Indenture with respect to the Trust Estate and reciting the details of such action or (ii) no such action is necessary to maintain such Lien. The Issuer shall also provide the Indenture Trustee with a file stamped copy of any document or instrument filed as described in such Officer’s Certificate contemporaneously with the delivery of such Officer’s Certificate. Such Officer’s Certificate shall also describe the recording, filing, re-recording and re-filing of the requisite documents, except as set forth in Section 3.05(f), including the filing of any financing statements and continuation statements that will be required to maintain the Lien of this Indenture with respect to the Trust Estate. If the Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Indenture Trustee hereunder specifies future action to be taken by the Issuer, the Issuer shall furnish a further Officer’s Certificate no later than the time so specified in such former Officer’s Certificate to the extent required by this Section 3.06.

Section 3.07.    Statement as to Compliance. The Issuer will deliver to the Indenture Trustee, the Rating Agencies and the Initial Purchaser, within 120 days after the end of each calendar year (beginning with calendar year 2023), an Officer's Certificate of the Issuer stating, as to the signer thereof, that, (a) a review of the activities of the Issuer during the preceding calendar year and of its performance under this Indenture has been made under such officer's supervision, (b) to the best of such officer's knowledge, based on such review, the Issuer has fulfilled all its obligations under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has been a default in the fulfillment of any such obligation, specifying each such default known to such officer and the nature and status thereof and remedies therefor being pursued, and (c) to the best of such officer's knowledge, based on such review, no event has occurred and has been waived which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default hereunder or, if such an event has occurred and has not been waived, specifying each such event known to him or her and the nature and status thereof and remedies therefor being pursued.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.08.    Schedule of Solar Loans. Upon any acquisition of Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, the Issuer shall cause the Servicer to update the Schedule of Solar Loans to add such Qualified Substitute Solar Loans to the Schedule of Solar Loans and deliver such updated Schedule of Solar Loans to the Indenture Trustee.

Section 3.09.    Recording. The Issuer will, upon the Closing Date and thereafter from time to time, prepare and cause financing statements and such other instruments as may be required with respect thereto, including without limitation, the Financing Statements to be filed, registered and recorded as may be required by present or future law (with file stamped copies thereof delivered to the Indenture Trustee) to create, perfect and protect the Lien hereof upon the Trust Estate, and protect the validity of this Indenture. The Issuer shall, from time to time, perform or cause to be performed any other act as required by law and shall execute (or authorize, as applicable) or cause to be executed (or authorized, as applicable) any and all further instruments (including financing statements, continuation statements and similar statements with respect to any of said documents with file stamped copies thereof delivered to the Indenture Trustee) that are necessary or reasonably requested by the Indenture Trustee for such creation, perfection and protection. The Issuer shall pay, or shall cause to be paid, all filing, registration and recording taxes and fees incident thereto, and all expenses, Taxes and other governmental charges incident to or in connection with the preparation, execution, authorization, delivery or acknowledgment of the recordable documents, any instruments of further assurance, and the Notes.

Section 3.10.    Agreements Not to Institute Bankruptcy Proceedings; Additional Covenants. (a) The Issuer shall only voluntarily institute any Proceedings to adjudicate the Issuer as bankrupt or insolvent, consent to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency Proceedings against the Issuer, file a petition seeking or consenting to reorganization or relief under any applicable federal or State law relating to bankruptcy, consent to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Issuer or a substantial part of its property or admit its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due or authorize any of the foregoing to be done or taken on behalf of the Issuer, in accordance with the terms of the Issuer Operating Agreement.

(b)So long as any of the Notes are Outstanding:

(i)The Issuer will keep in full effect its existence, rights and franchises as a limited liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware and will obtain and preserve its qualification to do business in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is or shall be necessary to protect the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the Notes and each asset included in the Trust Estate.

(ii)The Issuer shall not consolidate or merge with or into any other entity or convey or transfer its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any entity unless (A) the entity (if other than the Issuer) formed or surviving such consolidation or merger, or that acquires by conveyance or transfer the properties and assets of the Issuer substantially as an entirety, shall be organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof as a special purpose bankruptcy remote entity, and shall expressly assume in form satisfactory to the Rating Agencies the obligation to make due and punctual payments of principal and interest on the Notes then Outstanding and the performance of every covenant on the part of the Issuer to be performed or observed pursuant to this Indenture, (B) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default under this Indenture shall have occurred and be continuing, (C) the Issuer shall have delivered to the

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Rating Agencies and the Indenture Trustee an Officer's Certificate of the Issuer and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer complies with this Indenture and (D) the Issuer shall have given prior written notice of such consolidation or merger to the Rating Agencies.

(iii)The funds and other assets of the Issuer shall not be commingled with those of any other Person except to the extent expressly permitted under the Transaction Documents.

(iv)The Issuer shall not be, become or hold itself out as being liable for the debts of any other Person.

(v)The Issuer shall not form, or cause to be formed, any subsidiaries.

(vi)The Issuer shall act solely in its own name and through its Authorized Officers or duly authorized agents in the conduct of its business, and shall conduct its business so as not to mislead others as to the identity of the entity with which they are concerned. The Issuer shall not have any employees other than the Authorized Officers of the Issuer.

(vii)The Issuer shall maintain its records and books of account and shall not commingle its records and books of account with the records and books of account of any other Person. The books of the Issuer may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the applicable statutes) inside or outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Issuer Operating Agreement.

(viii)All actions of the Issuer shall be taken by an Authorized Officer of the Issuer (or any Person acting on behalf of the Issuer).

(ix)The Issuer shall not amend its certificate of formation (except as required under Delaware law) or the Issuer Operating Agreement, without first giving prior written notice of such amendment to the Rating Agencies (a copy of which shall be provided to the Indenture Trustee).

(x)The Issuer maintains and will maintain the formalities of the form of its organization.

(xi)The annual financial statements of SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries will disclose the effects of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in accordance with GAAP. Any consolidated financial statements which consolidate the assets and earnings of SEI, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor with those of the Issuer will contain a footnote to the effect that the assets of the Issuer will not be available to creditors of SEI, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor or any other Person other than creditors of the Issuer. The financial statements of the Issuer, if any, will disclose that the assets of SEI, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and the Depositor are not available to pay creditors of the Issuer.

(xii)Other than certain costs and expenses related to the issuance of the Notes and pursuant to the Performance Guaranty, none of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor shall pay the Issuer's expenses, guarantee the Issuer's obligations or advance funds to the Issuer for payment of expenses except for costs and expenses for which Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or Depositor is required to make payments, in which case the Issuer will reimburse such Person for such payment.

(xiii)All business correspondences of the Issuer are and will be conducted in the Issuer's own name.

(xiv)Other than as contemplated by the Transaction Documents, none of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor acts or will act as agent of the Issuer and the Issuer does not and will not act as agent of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor.

(xv)[Reserved].

(xvi)The Issuer shall not make any expenditure (by long-term or operating lease or otherwise) to acquire capital assets (either realty or personalty) other than pursuant to the Contribution Agreement.

(xvii)The Issuer shall comply with the requirements of all Applicable Laws, the non-compliance with which would have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Issuer.

(xviii)The Issuer shall not, directly or indirectly, (A) pay any dividend or make any distribution (by reduction of capital or otherwise), whether in cash, property, securities or a combination thereof, to any owner of a beneficial interest in the Issuer or otherwise with respect to any ownership or equity interest or security in or of the Issuer, (B) redeem, purchase, retire or otherwise acquire for value any such ownership or equity interest or security or (C) set aside or otherwise segregate any amounts for any such purpose; provided, however, that the Issuer may make, or cause to be made, distributions to the Depositor as permitted by, and to the extent funds are available for such purpose under, this Indenture and the other Transaction Documents. The Issuer will not, directly or indirectly, make payments to or distributions from the Collection Account or any other Account except in accordance with this Indenture and the other Transaction Documents.

    30

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 3.11.    Providing of Notice. (a) The Issuer, upon learning of any failure on the part of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Management, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor to observe or perform in any material respect any covenant, representation or warranty set forth in the Contribution Agreement, the Performance Guaranty, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement or any other Transaction Document to which it is a party, as applicable, or upon learning of any Default, Event of Default, Manager Termination Event or Servicer Termination Event, shall promptly notify, in writing, the Indenture Trustee, the Depositor, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, Sunnova Management or Sunnova Energy, as applicable, of such failure or Default, Event of Default, Manager Termination Event or Servicer Termination Event.

(b)The Indenture Trustee, upon receiving written notice from the Issuer of the Performance Guarantor's failure to perform any covenant or obligation of the Performance Guarantor set forth in the Performance Guaranty, shall promptly notify, in writing, the Performance Guarantor of such failure.

Section 3.12.    Representations and Warranties of the Issuer. The Issuer hereby represents and warrants to the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders that as of the Closing Date and each Transfer Date:

(a)The Issuer is duly formed and is validly existing as a limited liability company in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware with full power and authority to execute and deliver this Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party and to perform the terms and provisions hereof and thereof; the Issuer is duly qualified to do business as a foreign business entity in good standing, and has obtained all required licenses and approvals, if any, in all jurisdictions in which the ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualifications except those jurisdictions in which failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse effect on the business or operations of the Issuer, the Trust Estate, the Noteholders or the Conveyed Property.

(b)All necessary action has been taken by the Issuer to authorize the Issuer, and the Issuer has full power and authority, to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party, and no consent or approval of any Person is required for the execution, delivery or performance by the Issuer of this Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party except for any consent or approval that has previously been obtained.

(c)This Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party have been duly executed and delivered, and the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party by the Issuer and its performance and compliance with the terms hereof and thereof will not violate its certificate of formation or the Issuer Operating Agreement or constitute a default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in the breach of, any material contract or any other material agreement or

    31

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

instrument (including, without limitation, the Transaction Documents) to which the Issuer is a party or which may be applicable to the Issuer or any of its assets.

(d)This Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party constitute valid, legal and binding obligations of the Issuer, enforceable against it in accordance with their respective terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally and to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a Proceeding at law or in equity).

(e)The Issuer is not in violation of, and the execution, delivery and performance of this Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Custodial Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party by the Issuer will not constitute a violation with respect to, any order or decree of any court or any order, regulation or demand of any federal, State, municipal or governmental agency, which violation might have consequences that would have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Issuer.

(f)No Proceeding of any kind, including but not limited to litigation, arbitration, judicial or administrative, is pending or, to the Issuer's knowledge, threatened in writing against or contemplated by the Issuer which would have a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Issuer.

(g)Each of the representations and warranties of the Issuer set forth in the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Issuer Operating Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party is, as of the Closing Date, true and correct in all material respects.

(h)The Issuer has not incurred debt or engaged in activities not related to the transactions contemplated hereunder or under the Transaction Documents except as permitted by the Issuer Operating Agreement or Section 3.04.

(i)The Issuer is not insolvent and did not become insolvent as a result of the Grant pursuant to this Indenture; the Issuer is not engaged and is not about to engage in any business or transaction for which any property remaining with the Issuer is unreasonably small capital or for which the remaining assets of the Issuer are unreasonably small in relation to the business of the Issuer or the transaction; the Issuer does not intend to incur, and does not believe or reasonably should not have believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay as they become due; and the Issuer has not made a transfer or incurred an obligation and does not intend to make such a transfer or incur such an obligation with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud any entity to which the Issuer was or became, on or after the date that such transfer was made or such obligation was incurred, indebted.

    32

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(j)(i) Each transfer of the Conveyed Property by the Depositor to the Issuer pursuant to the Contribution Agreement is an absolute transfer for legal purposes, (ii) the Grant of the Trust Estate by the Issuer pursuant to the terms of this Indenture is a pledge for financial accounting purposes, and (iii) the Notes will be treated by the Issuer as indebtedness for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In this regard, (i) the financial statements of SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries will show (A) that the Conveyed Property is owned by such consolidated group and (B) that the Notes are indebtedness of the consolidated group (and will contain appropriate footnotes describing that the assets of the Issuer will not be available to creditors of SEI, Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor or any other Person other than creditors of the Issuer), and (ii) the U.S. federal income Tax Returns of SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries that are regarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes will indicate that the Notes are indebtedness.

(k)As of the Initial Cut-Off Date, the Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance is at least $[***].

(l)The legal name of the Issuer is as set forth in this Indenture; the Issuer has no trade names, fictitious names, assumed names or "doing business as" names.

(m)No item comprising the Conveyed Property has been sold, transferred, assigned or pledged by the Issuer to any Person other than the Indenture Trustee; immediately prior to the pledge of the Conveyed Property to the Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Indenture, the Issuer was the sole owner thereof and had good and indefeasible title thereto, free of any Lien other than Permitted Liens.

(n)Upon the filing of the Perfection UCCs in accordance with applicable law, the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders, shall have a first priority perfected Lien on the Conveyed Property and the other items comprising the Trust Estate and in the proceeds thereof, limited with respect to proceeds to the extent set forth in Section 9-315 of the UCC as in effect in the applicable jurisdiction, subject to Permitted Liens. All filings (including, without limitation, UCC filings) and other actions as are necessary in any jurisdiction to provide third parties with notice of and to document the transfer and assignment of the Trust Estate to the Issuer and to give the Indenture Trustee a first priority perfected Lien on the Trust Estate (subject to Permitted Liens), including delivery of the Custodian Files to the Custodian, and the payment of any fees, have been made or, with respect to Termination Statements, will be made within one Business Day of the Closing Date.

(o)None of the absolute transfers of the Conveyed Property by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, the absolute transfers of the Conveyed Property by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, the absolute transfers of the Conveyed Property by the Depositor to the Issuer pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, or the Grant by the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Indenture is subject to the bulk transfer or any similar statutory provisions in effect in any applicable jurisdiction.

(p)The Issuer is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Notes and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Offering Circular will not be, required to register as an "investment company" as such term is defined in the 1940 Act. In making this determination, the Issuer is relying primarily on the exclusion from the definition of "investment company" contained in Section 3(c)(5)(A) of the 1940 Act, although

    33

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

additional exclusions or exemptions may be available to the Issuer at the Closing Date or in the future.

(q)The Issuer is being structured so as not to constitute a "covered fund" for purposes of Section 619 of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, based on its current interpretations.

(r)The principal place of business and the chief executive office of the Issuer are located in the State of Texas and the jurisdiction of organization of the Issuer is the State of Delaware, and there are no other such locations.

(s)Representations and warranties regarding the Lien and Custodian Files in each case, made as of the Closing Date and each Transfer Date:

(i)    The Grant contained in the "Granting Clause" of this Indenture creates a valid and continuing Lien on the Conveyed Property in favor of the Indenture Trustee, which Lien is prior to all other Liens arising under the UCC (other than Permitted Liens), and is enforceable as such against creditors of the Issuer, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally, and to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a Proceeding at law or in equity).

(ii)The Issuer has taken all steps necessary to perfect its ownership interest in the Solar Loans.

(iii)The Solar Loan Agreements related to the Solar Loans constitute either "accounts", "chattel paper", "electronic chattel paper", "instruments" or "general intangibles" within the meaning of the applicable UCC. The PV Systems and Energy Storage Systems constitute "Equipment" within the meaning of the UCC.

(iv)The Issuer owns and has good and marketable title to the Conveyed Property free and clear of any Lien, claim or encumbrance of any Person, other than Permitted Liens.

(v)The Issuer has caused or will have caused, within ten days of the Closing Date, the filing of all appropriate financing statements in the proper filing office in the appropriate jurisdictions under Applicable Law in order to perfect the Lien on the Conveyed Property granted to the Indenture Trustee hereunder.

(vi)The Issuer has received a Closing Date Certification on the Closing Date and a Transfer Date Certification on each Transfer Date from the Custodian which certifies that the Custodian is holding the Custodian Files that evidence the Solar Loans in the Electronic Vault for the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders.

    34

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(vii)Other than Permitted Liens, the Issuer has not pledged, assigned, sold, granted a Lien on, or otherwise conveyed any portion of the Trust Estate. The Issuer has not authorized the filing of and is not aware of any financing statements against the Issuer that include a description of collateral covering any portion of the Trust Estate other than any financing statement relating to the security interest granted to the Indenture Trustee hereunder or that have been terminated. The Issuer is not aware of any judgment or tax lien filings against the Issuer, except with respect to tax liens for amounts which have already been paid.

(viii)Except as permitted or required by the Transaction Documents no portion of any Solar Loan Agreement has any marks or notations indicating that they have been pledged, assigned or otherwise conveyed to any Person other than the Indenture Trustee, except for notations relating to Liens released prior to the pledge of the Trust Estate to the Indenture Trustee.

    The foregoing representations and warranties in Section 3.12(s)(i) – (viii) shall remain in full force and effect and shall not be waived or amended until the Notes are paid in full or otherwise released or discharged except in accordance with this Indenture.

Section 3.13.    Representations and Warranties of the Indenture Trustee. The Indenture Trustee hereby represents and warrants to the Rating Agencies and the Noteholders that as of the Closing Date:

(a)The Indenture Trustee has been duly organized and is validly existing as a national banking association;

(b)The Indenture Trustee has full power and authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Indenture and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party and has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Indenture and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party;

(c)This Indenture and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party have been duly executed and delivered by the Indenture Trustee and constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Indenture Trustee, enforceable against the Indenture Trustee in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, liquidation, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, or similar laws affecting creditors' or creditors of banks' rights and/or remedies generally or by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforcement is sought in a Proceeding in equity or at law);

(d)The execution, delivery and performance of this Indenture and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party by the Indenture Trustee will not constitute a violation with respect to any order or decree of any court or any order, regulation or demand of any federal, State, municipal or governmental agency binding on the Indenture Trustee or such of its property which is material to it, which violation might have consequences that would materially and adversely affect the performance of its duties under this Indenture;

    35

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(e)The execution, delivery and performance of this Indenture and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party by the Indenture Trustee do not require any approval or consent of any Person, do not conflict with the Articles of Association and Bylaws of the Indenture Trustee, and do not and will not conflict with or result in a breach which would constitute a material default under any agreement applicable to it or such of its property which is material to it; and

(f)No Proceeding of any kind, including but not limited to litigation, arbitration, judicial or administrative, is pending or, to the Indenture Trustee's knowledge, threatened against or contemplated by the Indenture Trustee which would have a reasonable likelihood of having an adverse effect on the execution, delivery, performance or enforceability of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document to which it is a party by or against the Indenture Trustee.

Section 3.14.    Knowledge. Any references herein to the knowledge, discovery or learning of the Issuer, the Servicer, or the Manager shall mean and refer to an Authorized Officer of the Issuer, the Servicer or the Manager, as applicable.

Article IV

Management, Administration and Servicing of Solar Loans

Section 4.01.    Management Agreement; Servicing Agreement. (a) The Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement, duly executed counterparts of which have been received by the Indenture Trustee, set forth the covenants and obligations of the Manager and Servicer, respectively, with respect to the Trust Estate and other matters addressed in the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement, and reference is hereby made to the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement for a detailed statement of said covenants and obligations of the Manager and the Servicer thereunder. The Issuer agrees that the Indenture Trustee, in its name or (to the extent required by law) in the name of the Issuer, may (but is not, unless so directed and indemnified by the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, required to) enforce all rights of the Issuer under the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement for and on behalf of the Noteholders whether or not a Default has occurred and has not been waived.

(b)Promptly following a request from the Indenture Trustee (acting at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class) to do so, the Issuer shall take all such commercially reasonable lawful action as the Indenture Trustee may request to compel or secure the performance and observance by the Manager and the Servicer of each of their respective obligations to the Issuer and with respect to the Trust Estate under or in connection with the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement, in accordance with the terms thereof, and in effecting such request shall exercise any and all rights, remedies, powers and privileges lawfully available to the Issuer under or in connection with the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement to the extent and in the manner directed by the Indenture Trustee, including, without limitation, the transmission of notices of default on the part of the Manager and the Servicer thereunder and the institution of Proceedings to compel or secure performance by the Manager and the Servicer of each of their respective obligations under the Management Agreement and the Servicing Agreement.

    36

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(b)The Issuer shall not waive any default by the Manager under the Management Agreement or by the Servicer under the Servicing Agreement without the written consent of the Indenture Trustee (which shall be given at the written direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class).

(c)The Indenture Trustee does not assume any duty or obligation of the Issuer under the Management Agreement or the Servicing Agreement, and the rights given to the Indenture Trustee thereunder are subject to the provisions of Article VII.

(d)The Issuer has not and will not provide any payment instructions to any Obligor that are inconsistent with the Management Agreement or the Servicing Agreement.

(e)With respect to the Servicer's obligations under Section 6.3 of the Servicing Agreement, the Indenture Trustee shall not have any responsibility to the Issuer, the Servicer or any party hereunder to make any inquiry or investigation as to, and shall have no obligation in respect of, the terms of any engagement of Independent Accountant or any Qualified Service Provider by the Servicer; provided, however,that the Indenture Trustee shall be authorized, upon receipt of written direction from the Servicer directing the Indenture Trustee, to execute any acknowledgment or other agreement with the Independent Accountant and any Qualified Service Provider required for the Indenture Trustee to receive any of the reports or instructions provided for herein, which acknowledgment or agreement may include, among other things, (i) acknowledgement that the Servicer has agreed that the procedures to be performed by the Independent Accountant and any Qualified Service Provider are sufficient for the Issuer's purposes, (ii) acknowledgment that the Indenture Trustee has agreed that the procedures to be performed by the Independent Accountant and any Qualified Service Provider are sufficient for the Indenture Trustee's purposes and that the Indenture Trustee's purposes is limited solely to receipt of the report, (iii) releases by the Indenture Trustee (on behalf of itself and the Noteholders) of claims against the Independent Accountant and any Qualified Service Provider and acknowledgement of other limitations of liability in favor of the Independent Accountant and any Qualified Service Provider, and (iv) restrictions or prohibitions on the disclosure of information or documents provided to it by the Independent Accountant or any Qualified Service Provider (including to the Noteholders). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Indenture Trustee be required to execute any agreement in respect of the Independent Accountant or any Qualified Service Provider that the Indenture Trustee determines adversely affects it in its individual capacity or which is in a form that is not reasonably acceptable to the Indenture Trustee.

(f)In the event such Independent Accountant or any Qualified Service Provider require the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager to agree to the procedures to be performed by such firm in any of the reports required to be prepared pursuant to Section 4.01(f), the Servicer shall direct the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager in writing to so agree; it being understood and agreed that the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager will deliver such letter of agreement in conclusive reliance upon the direction of the Servicer, and the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager has not made any independent inquiry or investigation as to, and shall have no obligation or liability in respect of, the sufficiency, validity or correctness of such procedures. The Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager shall not be liable for any claims, liabilities or expenses relating to such accountants' engagement or any report issued in connection with such engagement, and the dissemination of any such report is subject to the written consent of the accountants.

    37

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Article V

Accounts, Collections, Payments of Interest
and Principal, Releases, and Statements to Noteholders

Section 5.01.    Accounts. (a)(i) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause the Indenture Trustee to open and maintain in the name of the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders, an Eligible Account (the "Collection Account"), bearing a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein are held for the benefit of the Noteholders. The Collection Account shall initially be established with the Indenture Trustee.

(ii)On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause the Indenture Trustee to open and maintain in the name of the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders, an Eligible Account (the "Equipment Replacement Reserve Account"), bearing a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein are held for the benefit of the Noteholders. The Equipment Replacement Reserve Account shall initially be established with the Indenture Trustee.

(iii)On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause the Indenture Trustee to open and maintain in the name of the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders, an Eligible Account (the " Reserve Account"), bearing a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein are held for the benefit of the Noteholders. The Reserve Account shall initially be established with the Indenture Trustee.

(iv)On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause the Indenture Trustee to open and maintain in the name of the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders, an Eligible Account (the "Section 25D Interest Account"), bearing a designation clearly indicating that the funds deposited therein are held for the benefit of the Noteholders. The Section 25D Interest Account shall initially be established with the Indenture Trustee.

(v)Sunnova Energy has established and maintains an Eligible Account (the "Obligor Security Deposit Account").

(b)Funds on deposit in the Collection Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account shall be invested by the Indenture Trustee (or any custodian with respect to funds on deposit in any such account) in Eligible Investments selected in writing by the Servicer (pursuant to standing instructions or otherwise). All such Eligible Investments shall be held by or on behalf of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders.

(c)All investment earnings of moneys pursuant to Section 5.01(b) deposited into the Collection Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account shall be deposited (or caused to be deposited) by the Indenture Trustee into the Collection Account, and any loss resulting from such investments shall be charged to such Account. No investment of any amount held in any of the Collection Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account shall mature later than the Business Day immediately preceding the Payment Date which is scheduled to occur immediately following the date of investment. The Servicer, on behalf of the Issuer, will not direct the Indenture Trustee to

    38

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

make any investment of any funds held in any of the Accounts unless the security interest Granted and perfected in such account will continue to be perfected in such investment, in either case without any further action by any Person.

(d)The Indenture Trustee shall not in any way be held liable by reason of any insufficiency in any of the Accounts resulting from any loss on any Eligible Investment included therein except for losses attributable to the Indenture Trustee's negligence or bad faith or its failure to make payments on such Eligible Investments issued by the Indenture Trustee, in its commercial capacity as principal obligor and not as Indenture Trustee, in accordance with their terms.

(e)Funds on deposit in any Account shall remain uninvested if (i) the Servicer shall have failed to give investment directions in writing for any funds on deposit in any Account (other than the Lockbox Account) to the Indenture Trustee by 1:00 p.m. Eastern time (or such other time as may be agreed by the Servicer and the Indenture Trustee) on the Business Day on which such investment is to be made; or (ii) based on the actual knowledge of, or receipt of written notice by, a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee, a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to the Notes but the Notes shall not have been declared due and payable, or, if such Notes shall have been declared due and payable following an Event of Default, amounts collected or receivable from the Trust Estate are being applied as if there had not been such a declaration.

(f)[Reserved].

(g)(i) The Indenture Trustee shall possess all right, title and interest in all funds on deposit from time to time in the Accounts and in all proceeds thereof (including, without limitation, all investment earnings on the Collection Account) and all such funds, investments, proceeds and income shall be part of the Trust Estate. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Accounts shall be under the control (as defined in Section 9-104 of the UCC to the extent such account is a deposit account and Section 8-106 of the UCC to the extent such account is a securities account) of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders. If, at any time, any of the Accounts (other than the Lockbox Account) ceases to be an Eligible Account, the Indenture Trustee (or the Servicer on its behalf) shall within five Business Days (or such longer period as to which the Rating Agencies may consent) establish a new Account as an Eligible Account and shall transfer any cash and/or any investments to such new Account. The Servicer agrees that, in the event that any of the Accounts or the Obligor Security Deposit Account are not accounts with the Indenture Trustee, the Servicer shall notify the Indenture Trustee in writing promptly upon any of such Accounts or the Obligor Security Deposit Account ceasing to be an Eligible Account.

(ii)     With respect to the Account Property (other than with respect to the Lockbox Account), the Indenture Trustee agrees that:

    39

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(A)any Account Property that is held in deposit accounts shall be held solely in Eligible Accounts; and, except as otherwise provided herein, each such Eligible Account shall be subject to the exclusive custody and control of the Indenture Trustee, and the Indenture Trustee shall have sole signature authority with respect thereto;

(B)any Account Property that constitutes physical property shall be delivered to the Indenture Trustee in accordance with paragraph (i)(A) or (i)(B), as applicable, of the definition of "Delivery" and shall be held, pending maturity or disposition, solely by the Indenture Trustee or a securities intermediary (as such term is defined in Section 8-102(a)(14) of the UCC) acting solely for the Indenture Trustee;

(C)any Account Property that is a book-entry security held through the Federal Reserve System pursuant to federal book-entry regulations shall be delivered in accordance with paragraph (i)(C) or (i)(E), as applicable, of the definition of "Delivery" and shall be maintained by the Indenture Trustee, pending maturity or disposition, through continued book-entry registration of such Account Property as described in such paragraph;

(D)any Account Property that is an "uncertificated security" under Article 8 of the UCC and that is not governed by clause (C) above shall be delivered to the Indenture Trustee in accordance with paragraph (i)(D) of the definition of "Delivery" and shall be maintained by the Indenture Trustee, pending maturity or disposition, through continued registration of the Indenture Trustee's (or its nominee's) ownership of such security;

(E)the Servicer shall have the power, revocable by the Indenture Trustee upon the occurrence of a Servicer Event of Default, to instruct the Indenture Trustee to make withdrawals and payments from the Accounts for the purpose of permitting the Servicer and the Indenture Trustee to carry out their respective duties hereunder; and

(F)any Account held by it hereunder shall be maintained as a "securities account" as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in New York (the "New York UCC"), and that it shall be acting as a "securities intermediary" for the Indenture Trustee itself as the "entitlement holder" (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(7) of the New York UCC) with respect to each such Account. The parties hereto agree that each Account shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, and regardless of any provision in any other agreement, the "securities intermediary's jurisdiction" (within the meaning of Section 8-110 of the New York UCC) shall be the State of New York. The Indenture Trustee acknowledges and agrees that (1) each item of property (whether investment property, financial asset, security, instrument or cash) credited to the Accounts shall be treated as a "financial asset" within the meaning of Section 8-102(a)(9) of the New York UCC and (2) notwithstanding anything to the contrary, if at any time the Indenture Trustee shall receive any order from the Indenture Trustee (in its capacity as securities intermediary) directing transfer or redemption of any financial asset relating to the Accounts, the Indenture Trustee shall comply with such entitlement order without further consent by the Issuer, or any other person. In the event of any conflict of any provision of this Section 5.01(g)(ii)(F) with any other

    40

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

provision of this Indenture or any other agreement or document, the provisions of this Section 5.01(g)(ii)(F) shall prevail.

Section 5.02.    Equipment Replacement Reserve Account. (a)(i) On each Payment Date, to the extent of Available Funds and in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments, the Indenture Trustee shall, based on the Monthly Servicer Report, deposit into the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account an amount equal to the Equipment Replacement Reserve Deposit.

(ii)The Indenture Trustee shall, upon receipt of an Officer's Certificate of the Manager (x)(A) certifying that it has replaced an Inverter that no longer has the benefit of a Manufacturer Warranty and (B) requesting reimbursement for the cost of such Inverter replacement, withdraw from funds on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and remit to the Manager, an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the cost of the new Inverter paid by the Manager (inclusive of labor costs) and (ii) the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account or (y)(A) certifying that it has replaced an Energy Storage System (or component thereof) that no longer has the benefit of a Manufacturer Warranty and (B) requesting reimbursement for the cost of such Energy Storage System (or component thereof), withdraw from funds on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and remit to the Manager, an amount equal to the lesser (i) the cost of the new Energy Storage System (or component thereof) paid by the Manager (inclusive of labor costs) and (ii) the excess, if any, of (a) the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account over (b) the amount described in clause (a) of the definition of Equipment Replacement Reserve Required Balance. Upon either such request, the Indenture Trustee shall promptly withdraw such amount from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account (to the extent it has been funded as of such date) and transfer such amount to the Manager's account specified in the related Officer's Certificate and if no such funds are on deposit, then from the Collection Account in accordance with the Priority of Payments.

(iii)On any date that the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account exceeds the Equipment Replacement Reserve Required Balance, such amount of excess will be deposited into the Collection Account on the related Payment Date as set forth in the related Monthly Servicer Report and will be part of the Available Funds distributed according to the Priority of Payments for such Payment Date.

(iv)On each Payment Date, if the amount of Available Funds (after giving effect to all amounts deposited into the Collection Account from the Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account) is less than the amount necessary to make the distributions described in clauses (i) through (vi) of the Priority of Payments, an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and (B) the amount of such insufficiency, shall be withdrawn from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and deposited into the Collection Account to be used as Available Funds.

    41

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(v)All amounts on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account shall be withdrawn and deposited into the Collection Account on the earliest of (i) the Rated Final Maturity, (ii) a Voluntary Prepayment Date in connection with a Voluntary Prepayment in whole and (iii) the Payment Date on which the balance in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account and all other Available Funds, equals or exceeds the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of the Notes, all unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, accrued and unpaid interest (including any Deferred Interest Amounts and Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts) on the Notes and the fees, expenses and indemnities due to the Indenture Trustee, the Custodian, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, Transition Manager, Replacement Manager and the Replacement Servicer pursuant to Section 5.07.

(b)Notwithstanding Section 5.02(a), in lieu of or in substitution for moneys otherwise required to be deposited to the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Issuer may deliver or cause to be delivered to the Indenture Trustee a Letter of Credit issued by an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank in an amount equal to the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account Required Balance; provided that any Equipment Replacement Reserve Deposit required to be made after the replacement of amounts on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account with the Letter of Credit shall be made in deposits to the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account as provided in the Priority of Payments or pursuant to an increase in the Letter of Credit, or addition of another Letter of Credit. The Letter of Credit shall be held as an asset of the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and valued for purposes of determining the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account as the amount then available to be drawn on such Letter of Credit. Any references in the Transaction Documents to amounts on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account shall include the value of the Letter of Credit unless specifically excluded. If the amounts on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account are represented by a Letter of Credit, the Indenture Trustee shall be required to submit the drawing documents to the Eligible Letter of Credit Bank to draw the full stated amount of the Letter of Credit and deposit the proceeds therefrom in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account in the following circumstances: (i) if the Indenture Trustee is directed by the Servicer on behalf of the Issuer, pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate, to withdraw funds from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account for any reason; (ii) upon direction, if the Letter of Credit is scheduled to expire in accordance with its terms and has not been extended or replaced with a Letter of Credit issued by an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank by the date that is ten days prior to the expiration date; or (iii) if the Indenture Trustee is directed by the Issuer, the Manager or the Majority Noteholders, pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate stating that the financial institution issuing the Letter of Credit ceases to be an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank. Any drawing on the Letter of Credit may be reimbursed by the Issuer only from amounts remitted to the Issuer pursuant to clauses (xix) or (xx) of the Priority of Payments.

Section 5.03.    Reserve Account. (a)  On the Closing Date, the Issuer shall deposit or cause to be deposited the Reserve Account Required Balance into the Reserve Account.

(b)As described in the Priority of Payments, to the extent of Available Funds, the Indenture Trustee shall, on each Payment Date, deposit Available Funds into the Reserve Account until the amount on deposit therein shall equal the Reserve Account Required Balance.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(c)On the Business Day prior to each Payment Date, the Indenture Trustee shall, based on the Monthly Servicer Report, transfer funds on deposit in the Reserve Account into the Collection Account to the extent that the amount on deposit in the Collection Account as of such Payment Date is less than the amount necessary to make the distributions described in clauses (i) through (v) of the Priority of Payments. If the amount on deposit in the Reserve Account exceeds the Reserve Account Required Balance on any Payment Date during a Regular Amortization Period, the amount of such excess will be transferred into the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account. If the amount on deposit in the Reserve Account exceeds the Reserve Account Required Balance on any Payment Date during a Sequential Amortization Period, the amount of such excess will be transferred into the Collection Account and will be part of the Available Funds distributed pursuant to the Priority of Payments for such Payment Date.

(d)All amounts on deposit in the Reserve Account shall be withdrawn and deposited into the Collection Account on the earliest of (i) the Rated Final Maturity, (ii) upon the occurrence of an Acceleration Event, (iii) a Voluntary Prepayment Date in connection with a Voluntary Prepayment in whole and (iv) the Payment Date on which the balance in the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and all other Available Funds, equals or exceeds the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of the Notes, unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, accrued and unpaid interest (including any Deferred Interest Amounts and Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts) on the Notes and the fees, expenses and indemnities due to the Indenture Trustee, the Custodian, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, Transition Manager, Replacement Manager and the Replacement Servicer pursuant to Section 5.07.

(e)Notwithstanding Sections 5.03(a) and 5.03(b), in lieu of or in substitution for moneys otherwise required to be deposited to the Reserve Account, the Issuer may deliver or cause to be delivered to the Indenture Trustee a Letter of Credit issued by an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank in an amount equal to the Reserve Account Required Balance; provided that any deposit into the Reserve Account required to be made after the replacement of amounts on deposit in the Reserve Account with the Letter of Credit shall be made in deposits to the Reserve Account as provided in the Priority of Payments or pursuant to an increase in the Letter of Credit, or addition of another Letter of Credit. The Letter of Credit shall be held as an asset of the Reserve Account and valued for purposes of determining the amount on deposit in the Reserve Account as the amount then available to be drawn on such Letter of Credit. Any references in the Transaction Documents to amounts on deposit in the Reserve Account shall include the value of the Letter of Credit unless specifically excluded. If the amounts on deposit in the Reserve Account are represented by a Letter of Credit, the Indenture Trustee shall be required to submit the drawing documents to the Eligible Letter of Credit Bank to draw the full stated amount of the Letter of Credit and deposit the proceeds therefrom in the Reserve Account in the following circumstances: (i) if the Indenture Trustee is directed by the Servicer on behalf of the Issuer, pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate, to withdraw funds from the Reserve Account for any reason; (ii) upon direction, if the Letter of Credit is scheduled to expire in accordance with its terms and has not been extended or replaced with a Letter of Credit issued by an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank by the date that is ten days prior to the expiration date; or (iii) if the Indenture Trustee is directed by the Issuer, the Servicer or the Majority Noteholders, pursuant to an Officer’s Certificate stating that the financial institution issuing the Letter of Credit ceases to be an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank. Any drawing on the Letter of Credit may be reimbursed by the Issuer only from amounts remitted to the Issuer pursuant to clauses (xix) or (xx) of the Priority of Payments.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 5.04.    Section 25D Interest Account. (a)  On or prior to the Closing Date, the Issuer shall cause to be deposited into the Section 25D Interest Account an amount equal to the Section 25D Interest Account Required Amount for the Closing Date. On each Transfer Date, with respect to any Qualified Substitute Solar Loan that is a Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan, the Issuer shall deposit or require the Depositor to deposit into the Section 25D Interest Account an amount equal to the related Section 25D Interest Amount (in addition to any required Substitution Shortfall Amount).

(b)On each Payment Date, if the amount of Available Funds (after giving effect to all amounts deposited to the Collection Account from the Reserve Account) is less than the amount necessary to make the distributions described in clauses (i) through (vi) of the Priority of Payments, an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the amount on deposit in the Section 25D Interest Account and (B) the amount of such insufficiency, shall be withdrawn from the Section 25D Interest Account and deposited into the Collection Account to be used as Available Funds.

(c)On any date that the amount on deposit in the Section 25D Interest Account exceeds the Section 25D Interest Account Required Amount as of such date, such amount of excess shall be deposited into the Collection Account and will be part of the Available Funds distributed according to the Priority of Payments.

(d)All amounts on deposit in the Section 25D Interest Account shall be withdrawn and deposited into the Collection Account on the earliest of (i) the Rated Final Maturity, (ii) the acceleration of the Notes following an Event of Default, (iii) a Voluntary Prepayment Date in connection with a Voluntary Prepayment in whole and (iv) the Payment Date on which the balance in the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and all other Available Funds, equals or exceeds the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of the Notes, all unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, accrued and unpaid interest (including any Deferred Interest Amounts and Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts) on the Notes and the fees, expenses and indemnities due to the Indenture Trustee, the Custodian, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, Transition Manager, Replacement Manager and the Replacement Servicer pursuant to Section 5.07.

Section 5.05.    [Reserved].

Section 5.06.    Collection Account. (a) On the Closing Date and each Transfer Date, the Issuer shall cause to be deposited to the Collection Account all collections received in respect of the Initial Solar Loans and the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, respectively, since the applicable Cut-Off Date. On each Business Day, the Issuer shall cause to be deposited into the Collection Account all amounts in the Lockbox Account (other than the Lockbox Account Retained Balance or Merchant Processing Amounts) from Obligors or otherwise in respect of the Conveyed Property (other than Obligor Security Deposits received from an Obligor, which will be deposited by the Servicer into the Obligor Security Deposit Account, and amounts received relating to Grid Services). The Issuer shall cause all other amounts required to be deposited therein pursuant to the Transaction Documents, to be deposited within one Business Day of receipt thereof. The Indenture Trustee shall provide or make available electronically (or upon written request, by first class mail or facsimile) monthly statements on all amounts received in the Collection Account to the Issuer and the Servicer.

    44

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(b)The Servicer will be entitled to be reimbursed from amounts on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to a Collection Period for amounts previously deposited into the Collection Account but later determined by the Servicer to have resulted from mistaken deposits or postings or checks returned for insufficient funds. The amount to be reimbursed hereunder shall be paid to the Servicer on the related Payment Date upon certification by the Servicer of such amounts; provided, however, that the Servicer must provide such certification prior to the Determination Date immediately following such mistaken deposit, posting or returned check or costs and expenses, as applicable.

(c)In accordance with the Servicing Agreement, upon written direction from the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee shall, if such direction is received on or prior to each Determination Date, withdraw from the Collection Account and remit to the Servicer, amounts specified by the Servicer as required to be paid by the Issuer before the next Payment Date in respect of sales, use and property taxes.

(d)In accordance with Section 6.01(b) hereof, upon written direction from the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee shall withdraw the partial Voluntary Prepayment from the Collection Account on the related Voluntary Prepayment Date and distribute the same in accordance with such written direction.

(e)In accordance with the Account Control Agreement, to the extent that the balances on deposit in the Lockbox Account are insufficient to reimburse the Lockbox Bank for any Returned Items or Settlement Items (each as defined in the Account Control Agreement), upon demand from the Lockbox Bank of the reimbursement amount (with confirmation from the Servicer), the Indenture Trustee shall, upon written direction from the Servicer, withdraw from the Collection Account and remit to the Lockbox Bank the lesser of collected funds that are cleared funds on deposit in the Collection Account and such reimbursement amount.

Section 5.07.    Distribution of Funds in the Collection Account. (a) So long as no Acceleration Event shall have occurred and is continuing, on each Payment Date, Available Funds shall be distributed by the Indenture Trustee, based solely on the information set forth in the related Monthly Servicer Report, in the following order and priority of payments (the "Priority of Payments"):

(i)(A) to the Indenture Trustee, (1) the Indenture Trustee Fee for such Payment Date and (2)(x) any accrued and unpaid Indenture Trustee Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus (y) out-of-pocket expenses and indemnities of the Indenture Trustee incurred and not reimbursed in connection with its obligations and duties under the Indenture; (B) to the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager, (1) the Backup Servicing and Transition Manager Fee for such Payment Date and (2)(x) any accrued and unpaid Backup Servicing and Transition Manager Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus (y) Backup Servicer Expenses and Transition Manager Expenses; and (C) to the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager, any accrued and unpaid transition costs; provided, that unless an Event of Default of the type described in clauses (a), (b), (c) or (l) of the definition thereof has occurred and is continuing, the aggregate payments to the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager as reimbursement for clauses (A)(2)(y) and (B)(2)(y) will be limited to $[***] per calendar year; provided, further that the aggregate payments to the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager as reimbursement for clause (C) will be limited to $[***] per transition occurrence and $[***] in the aggregate;

    45

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(ii)on a pari passu basis, (A) to the Manager, the Manager Fee for such Payment Date, plus any accrued and unpaid Manager Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates and (B) to the Servicer, the Servicer Fee for such Payment Date, plus any accrued and unpaid Servicer Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates;

(iii)to the Custodian, the Custodian Fee, plus any accrued and unpaid Custodian Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus certain extraordinary out-of-pocket expenses and indemnities of the Custodian incurred and not reimbursed in connection with its obligations and duties under the Custodial Agreement; provided, that payments to the Custodian as reimbursement for any such expenses and indemnities will be limited to $[***] per calendar year as long as no Event of Default has occurred and the Notes have not been accelerated, pursuant to this Indenture;

(iv)to the Class A Noteholders, the Interest Distribution Amount for such Class and such Payment Date;

(v)to the Class B Noteholders, the Interest Distribution Amount for such Class and such Payment Date;

(vi)to the Manager, an amount equal to the sum of the cost of purchasing any replacement Inverters or Energy Storage Systems that do not have the benefit of a Manufacturer Warranty, to the extent such costs are incurred by the Manager but not reimbursed from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account;

(vii)to the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Deposit;

(viii)(a) during a Regular Amortization Period on any Payment Date prior to the Anticipated Repayment Date, (1) to the Class A Noteholders, the Deferred Interest Amount for such Class until such Deferred Interest Amount is reduced to zero, (2) to the Class B Noteholders, the Deferred Interest Amount for such Class until such Deferred Interest Amount is reduced to zero and (3) to the Class A Noteholders and Class B Noteholders, the Principal Distribution Amount, pro rata based on their Percentage Interests and (b) during a Sequential Amortization Period or any Payment Date after the Anticipated Repayment Date, (1) to the Class A Noteholders, the Deferred Interest Amount for such Class until such Deferred Interest Amount is reduced to zero, (2) the Principal Distribution Amount to the Class A Noteholders until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class A Notes is reduced to zero, (3) to the Class B Noteholders, the Deferred Interest Amount for such Class until such Deferred Interest Amount is reduced to zero and (4) the Principal Distribution Amount to the Class B Noteholders until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class B Notes is reduced to zero;

    46

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(ix)during a Regular Amortization Period, the Extra Principal Distribution Amount to the Class A Noteholders and the Class B Noteholders pro rata based on their Percentage Interests until the Outstanding Note Balance of each Class of Notes is reduced to zero;

(x)to the Reserve Account, the amount, if any, necessary to increase the balance thereof to the Reserve Account Required Balance for such Payment Date;

(xi)to the Class A Noteholders and the Class B Noteholders, in that order, reimbursement of any unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts applied on prior Payment Dates;

(xii)to the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer and Transition Manager, any remaining accrued but unpaid expense reimbursements and indemnities then due such parties and not paid pursuant to clause (i) above, to be paid pro rata based upon the amounts due to each such party;

(xiii)to the Custodian, any extraordinary out-of-pocket expenses and indemnities of the Custodian incurred and not reimbursed in connection with the obligations and duties under the Custodial Agreement, to the extent not paid in accordance with clause (iii) above;

(xiv)on a pari passu basis, (A) to the Manager, any Manager Extraordinary Expenses not previously paid and (B) to the Servicer, any Servicer Extraordinary Expenses not previously paid;

(xv)first to the Class A Noteholders and second to the Class B Noteholders, their respective Make Whole Amount, if any;

(xvi)first to the Class A Noteholders and second to the Class B Noteholders, their respective Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts and Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts due on such Payment Date, if any;

(xvii)to the Class A Noteholders and Class B Noteholders, any Voluntary Prepayment, as applicable;

(xviii)to the Eligible Letter of Credit Bank or other party as directed by the Manager (a) any fees and expenses related to the Letter of Credit and (b) any amounts which have been drawn under the Letter of Credit and any interest due thereon; and

(xix)to or at the direction of the Issuer, any remaining Available Funds.

(b)If an Acceleration Event shall have occurred and is continuing, any money collected by the Indenture Trustee in respect of the Trust Estate and any other money that may be held thereafter by the Indenture Trustee as security for the Notes, including, without limitation, the amounts on deposit in the Lockbox Account, the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account shall be applied, based on the Monthly Servicer Report, in the following order on each Payment Date (the "Acceleration Event Priority of Payments"):

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(i)(A) to the Indenture Trustee, (1) the Indenture Trustee Fee for such Payment Date and (2)(x) any accrued and unpaid Indenture Trustee Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus (y) out-of-pocket expenses and indemnities of the Indenture Trustee incurred and not reimbursed in connection with its obligations and duties under the Indenture; (B) to the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager, (1) the Backup Servicing and Transition Manager Fee for such Payment Date and (2)(x) any accrued and unpaid Backup Servicing and Transition Manager Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus (y) Transition Manager Expenses and Backup Servicer Expenses, as applicable; and (C) to the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager, any accrued and unpaid transition costs;

(ii)on a pari passu basis, (A) to the Manager, the Manager Fee for such Payment Date, plus any accrued and unpaid Manager Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates and (B) to the Servicer, the Servicer Fee for such Payment Date, plus any accrued and unpaid Servicer Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates;

(iii)to the Custodian, the Custodian Fee, plus any accrued and unpaid Custodian Fees with respect to prior Payment Dates plus certain extraordinary out-of-pocket expenses and indemnities of the Custodian incurred and not reimbursed in connection with its obligations and duties under the Custodial Agreement;

(iv)to the Class A Noteholders, the Interest Distribution Amount for such Class and such Payment Date;

(v)to the Class A Noteholders, all remaining amounts until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class A Notes is reduced to zero and all Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, Deferred Interest Amounts, Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts and Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts applied to the Class A Notes have been reimbursed with interest at the Note Rate for such Class A Notes;

(vi)to the Class B Noteholders, the Interest Distribution Amount for such Class and such Payment Date;

(vii)to the Class B Noteholders, all remaining amounts until the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class B Notes is reduced to zero and all Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, Deferred Interest Amounts, Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts and Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts applied to the Class B Notes have been reimbursed with interest at the Note Rate for such Class B Notes;

(viii)to the Manager, an amount equal to the sum of the cost of purchasing any replacement Inverters or Energy Storage Systems that do not have the benefit of a Manufacturer Warranty, to the extent such costs are incurred by the Manager but not reimbursed from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account;

(ix)on a pari passu basis, (A) to the Manager, any Manager Extraordinary Expenses not previously paid and (B) to the Servicer, any Servicer Extraordinary Expenses not previously paid;

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(x)to the Eligible Letter of Credit Bank or other party as directed by the Manager (a) any fees and expenses related to the Letter of Credit and (b) any amounts which have been drawn under the Letter of Credit and any interest due thereon; and

(xi)to or at the direction of the Issuer, any remaining Available Funds.

Section 5.08.    Equity Cure. Sunnova Energy may, in its sole and absolute discretion, remit amounts to the Collection Account to cure an anticipated shortfall of any amounts required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant to the Priority of Payments; provided that (i) such deposits shall not exceed, cumulatively and in the aggregate for all Payment Dates, 15% of the aggregate Initial Outstanding Note Balance of the Notes and (ii) no more than one such remittance may be made in any twelve month period (each such payment by Sunnova Energy, a "Permitted Equity Cure Payment"). In the event that Sunnova Energy elects to make a Permitted Equity Cure Payment, Sunnova Energy shall notify the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer and the Servicer of such election on or prior to the date that is not later than three Business Days prior to the related Determination Date.

Section 5.09.    Note Payments. (a) The Indenture Trustee shall pay from amounts on deposit in the Collection Account in accordance with the Monthly Servicer Report and the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, to each Noteholder of record as of the related Record Date either (i) by wire transfer, in immediately available funds to the account of such Noteholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities therefor, if such Noteholder shall have provided to the Indenture Trustee appropriate written instructions at least five Business Days prior to the related Payment Date (which instructions may remain in effect for subsequent Payment Dates unless revoked by such Noteholder), or (ii) if not, by check mailed to such Noteholder at the address of such Noteholder appearing in the Note Register, the amounts to be paid to such Noteholder pursuant to such Noteholder's Notes; provided,however, that so long as the Notes are registered in the name of the Securities Depository such payments shall be made to the nominee thereof in immediately available funds.

(b)In the event that any withholding Tax is imposed on the Issuer's payment (or allocations of income) to a Noteholder, such withholding Tax shall reduce the amount otherwise distributable to the Noteholder in accordance with this Indenture. The Indenture Trustee is hereby authorized and directed to retain from amounts otherwise distributable to the Noteholders sufficient funds for the payment of any withholding Tax that is legally owed by the Issuer as instructed by the Servicer, in writing in a Monthly Servicer Report (but such authorization shall not prevent the Indenture Trustee from contesting at the expense of the applicable Noteholder any such withholding Tax in appropriate Proceedings, and withholding payment of such withholding Tax, if permitted by law, pending the outcome of such Proceedings). The amount of any withholding Tax imposed with respect to a Noteholder shall be treated as cash distributed to such Noteholder at the time it is withheld by the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee (at the direction of the Servicer or the Issuer) and remitted to the appropriate taxing authority. If there is a withholding Tax payable with respect to a distribution (such as a distribution to a non-U.S. Noteholder), the Indenture Trustee may in its sole discretion withhold such amounts in accordance with this clause (b). In the event that a Noteholder wishes to apply for a refund of any such withholding Tax, the Indenture Trustee shall reasonably cooperate with such Noteholder in making such claim so long as such Noteholder agrees to reimburse the Indenture Trustee for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(c)Each Noteholder and Note Owner, by its acceptance of a Note, will be deemed to have consented to the provisions of the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable.

(d)For all Tax purposes, each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of a Note, will be deemed to have agreed to, and hereby instructs the Indenture Trustee to, treat the Notes as indebtedness.

(e)Each Noteholder and each Note Owner by its acceptance of a Note or an interest in a Note, will be deemed to have agreed to provide the Indenture Trustee or the Issuer, upon request, with the Noteholder Tax Identification Information and, to the extent FATCA Withholding Tax is applicable, the Noteholder FATCA Information. Each Noteholder and Note Owner shall update or replace its previously provided Noteholder Tax Identification Information and Noteholder FATCA Information promptly if requested by the Indenture Trustee; provided that nothing herein shall require the Indenture Trustee to make such request. In addition, each Noteholder and each Note Owner will be deemed to agree that the Indenture Trustee has the right to withhold from any amount of interest or other amounts (without any corresponding gross-up) payable to a Noteholder or Note Owner that fails to comply with the foregoing requirements. The Issuer hereby covenants with the Indenture Trustee that the Issuer will cooperate with the Indenture Trustee in obtaining sufficient information so as to enable the Indenture Trustee to (i) determine whether or not the Indenture Trustee is obliged to make any withholding, including FATCA Withholding Tax, in respect of any payments with respect to a Note and (ii) to effectuate any such withholding. The parties agree that the Indenture Trustee shall be released of any liability arising from properly complying with this Section 5.09 and FATCA. The Issuer agrees to provide to the Indenture Trustee copies of any Noteholder Tax Identification Information and any Noteholder FATCA Information received by the Issuer from any Noteholder or Note Owner. Upon reasonable request from the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer will provide such additional information that it may have to assist the Indenture Trustee in making any withholdings or informational reports.

Section 5.10.    Statements to Noteholders; Tax Returns. Within the time period required by Applicable Law after the end of each calendar year, the Issuer shall cause the Indenture Trustee to furnish to each Person who at any time during such calendar year was a Noteholder of record and received any payment thereon any information required by the Code to enable such Noteholders to prepare their U.S. federal and state income Tax Returns. The obligation of the Indenture Trustee set forth in this paragraph shall be deemed to have been satisfied to the extent that information shall be provided by the Indenture Trustee, in the form of Form 1099 or other comparable form, pursuant to any requirements of the Code.

The Issuer shall cause Sunnova Management, at Sunnova Management's expense, to cause a firm of Independent Accountants to prepare any Tax Returns required to be filed by the Issuer. The Indenture Trustee, upon reasonable written request, shall furnish the Issuer with all such information in the possession of the Indenture Trustee as may be reasonably required in connection with the preparation of any Tax Return of the Issuer.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 5.11.    Reports by Indenture Trustee. Within five Business Days after the end of each Collection Period, the Indenture Trustee shall provide or make available electronically (or upon written request, by first class mail or facsimile) to the Servicer a written report (electronic means shall be sufficient) setting forth the amounts in the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and the identity of the investments included therein, as applicable. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Indenture Trustee shall, upon the written request of the Servicer, promptly transmit or make available electronically to the Servicer, copies of all accountings of, and information with respect to, the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, investments thereof, as applicable, and payments thereto and therefrom.

Section 5.12.    Final Balances. On the Termination Date, all moneys remaining in all Accounts (other than the Lockbox Account), shall be, subject to applicable escheatment laws, remitted to, or at the direction of, the Issuer, and after the return of such funds (or disposition thereof pursuant to applicable escheatment laws), the Indenture Trustee will have no liability with respect to such funds, and holders should look solely only to the Issuer for such amounts.

Article VI

Voluntary Prepayment of Notes and Release of Collateral

Section 6.01.    Voluntary Prepayment. (a) Prior to the Rated Final Maturity, the Issuer may, in its sole discretion, prepay the Notes, including by Class or portion of a Class (such prepayment, a "Voluntary Prepayment"), in whole or in part on any Business Day following the Closing Date (such date, the "Voluntary Prepayment Date"). Any such Voluntary Prepayment is required to be made on no less than ten (10) days' prior notice (or such shorter period, but not less than two Business Days, as is necessary to cure an Event of Default) by the Issuer sending the Notice of Prepayment to the Indenture Trustee and the Servicer describing the Issuer's election to prepay the Notes or portion thereof in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C. With respect to each Class of Notes subject to a Voluntary Prepayment, such Voluntary Prepayment shall be made pro rata among such Class.

(b)With respect to any Voluntary Prepayment in part, on or prior to the related Voluntary Prepayment Date, the Issuer shall deposit into the Collection Account, an amount equal to the sum of (i) the amount of outstanding principal of the Notes being prepaid, (ii) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon and (iii) the applicable Make Whole Amount, if any. Such partial Voluntary Prepayment will be distributed by the Indenture Trustee on the related Voluntary Prepayment Date in accordance with the written direction of the Servicer to the holders of the Notes identified by the Issuer in the Notice of Prepayment.

(c)With respect to a Voluntary Prepayment of all outstanding Notes in full, on or prior to the related Voluntary Prepayment Date, the Issuer will be required to deposit into the Collection Account an amount equal to (i) the sum of (A) the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance, (B) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (C) the Make Whole Amount, if any, (D) the Note Balance Write-Down Amount, if any, (E) the Deferred Interest Amount, if any, (F) the Post-ARD Additional Interest Amount, if any, (G) the Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amount, if any, and (H) all amounts owed to the Indenture Trustee, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager and any other parties to the Transaction Documents, minus (ii) the sum of the amounts then on deposit in the Reserve

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account. The Indenture Trustee will make distributions on the related Voluntary Prepayment Date in accordance with the Priority of Payments (without giving effect to clauses (vii) through (xi) thereof) and solely as specified in the related Voluntary Prepayment Servicer Report and to the extent the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance is prepaid and all other obligations of the Issuer under the Transaction Documents have been paid, release any remaining assets in the Trust Estate to, or at the direction of, the Issuer.

(d)If a Voluntary Prepayment Date occurs prior to the Make Whole Determination Date for a Class of Notes, the Issuer will be required to pay the Noteholders the applicable Make Whole Amount. No Make Whole Amount will be due to the Noteholders if a Voluntary Prepayment is made on or after the Make Whole Determination Date.

(e)If the Issuer elects to rescind the Voluntary Prepayment, it must give written notice to the Indenture Trustee of such determination at least two Business Days prior to the Voluntary Prepayment Date. If a Voluntary Prepayment of the Notes has been rescinded pursuant to this Section 6.01(e), the Indenture Trustee shall provide notice of such rescission to the registered owner of each Note which had been subject to the rescinded redemption at the address shown on the Note Register maintained by the Note Registrar with copies to the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, the Depositor and the Rating Agencies.

Section 6.02.    Notice of Voluntary Prepayment. Any Notice of Voluntary Prepayment received by the Indenture Trustee from the Issuer shall be made available by the Indenture Trustee not less than twenty days and not more than thirty days prior to the date fixed for prepayment to the registered owner of each Note to be prepaid with copies to the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, the Servicer and the Rating Agencies. Failure to make such Notice of Prepayment available to any Noteholder, or any defect therein, shall not affect the validity of any Proceedings for the prepayment of other Notes. If a Voluntary Prepayment has been rescinded pursuant to Section 6.01(e), and to the extent the Indenture Trustee had made notice of the Voluntary Prepayment available, the Indenture Trustee shall make available notice of such rescission to the registered owner of each Note which had been subject to the rescinded Voluntary Prepayment with copies to the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, the Servicer and the Rating Agencies.

Any notice made available as provided in this Section shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered owner of such Notes accesses the notice.

Section 6.03.    Cancellation of Notes. All Notes which have been paid in full or retired or received by the Indenture Trustee for exchange shall not be reissued but shall be canceled and destroyed in accordance with its customary procedures.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 6.04.    Release of Collateral. (a) The Indenture Trustee shall, on or promptly after the Termination Date, release any remaining portion of the Trust Estate from the Lien created by this Indenture and shall deposit into the Collection Account any funds then on deposit in any other Account. The Indenture Trustee shall release property from the Lien created by this Indenture pursuant to this Section 6.04(a) only upon receipt by the Indenture Trustee of an Issuer Order accompanied by an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel described in Section 314(c)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and meeting the applicable requirements of Section 12.02.

(b)The Lien created by this Indenture on any (A) Defective Solar Loan shall automatically be released when the Depositor or the Performance Guarantor, as applicable, repurchases such Defective Solar Loan pursuant to the Contribution Agreement or the Performance Guaranty, as applicable, or (B) Defaulted Solar Loan shall automatically be released when the Depositor or the Performance Guarantor, as applicable, repurchases such Defaulted Solar Loan pursuant to the Contribution Agreement or the Performance Guaranty, as applicable, in each case upon (I) a payment by the Depositor or the Performance Guarantor, as the case may be, of the Repurchase Price of such Solar Loan and the deposit of such payment into the Collection Account and (II) receipt by the Indenture Trustee of an Officer's Certificate of the Depositor or Performance Guarantor, as the case may be, certifying: (1) as to the identity of the Solar Loan to be released, (2) that the amount deposited into the Collection Account with respect thereto equals the Repurchase Price of such Solar Loan and (3) that all conditions in the Transaction Documents with respect to the release of such Solar Loan from the Lien of this Indenture have been met.

(c)The Lien created by this Indenture on any Replaced Solar Loan shall automatically be released upon (A) a payment by the Depositor of any Substitution Shortfall Amount and Section 25D Interest Amount, if any, due with respect to such Replaced Solar Loan and the deposit of such payment into the Collection Account or the Section 25D Interest Account, as applicable, (B) the Issuer’s acquisition of the related Qualified Substitute Solar Loan(s) in accordance with the Contribution Agreement, and (C) receipt by the Indenture Trustee of an Officer's Certificate of the Depositor certifying: (1) as to the identity of the Replaced Solar Loan(s) to be released, (2) that the amount, if any, deposited into the Collection Account with respect thereto equals the Substitution Shortfall Amount required to be deposited, (3) that the amount, if any, deposited into the Section 25D Interest Account with respect thereto equals the Section 25D Interest Account Amount for the related Qualified Substitute Solar Loan(s) required to be deposited and (4) that all conditions in the Transaction Documents with respect to the release of such Replaced Solar Loan(s) from the Lien of this Indenture have been met.

(ii)The Lien created by this Indenture on any Solar Loan shall automatically be released upon (A) deposit into the Collection Account of the amount payable by an Obligor pursuant to its Solar Loan Agreement in connection with a prepayment in whole of such Solar Loan Agreement, (B) receipt by the Indenture Trustee of an Officer's Certificate of the Manager certifying: (1) as to the identity of the Solar Loan to be released, (2) that the amount deposited in the Collection Account with respect thereto equals the purchase price of such Solar Loan under the related Solar Loan Agreement and (3) that all conditions in the Transaction Documents with respect to the release of such Solar Loan from the Lien of this Indenture have been met.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(d)Upon release of the Lien created by this Indenture in accordance with subsections (b) or (c), the Indenture Trustee shall release the applicable asset for all purposes and deliver to or upon the order of the Issuer (or to or upon the order of the Depositor if it has satisfied its respective obligations under Sections 7(a) or 7(b) of the Contribution Agreement with respect to a Solar Loan) the applicable Solar Loan and the related Custodian File. Upon the order of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee shall authorize a UCC financing statement prepared by the Servicer evidencing such release. The Servicer shall file any such authorized UCC financing statements. Upon any such release of any Solar Loan, the Issuer shall cause the Servicer to update the Schedule of Solar Loans to remove such released Solar Loan from the Schedule of Solar Loans and deliver such updated Schedule of Solar Loans to the Indenture Trustee.

Article VII

The Indenture Trustee

Section 7.01.    Duties of Indenture Trustee. (a) If a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee has received notice pursuant to Section 7.02(a), or a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee shall otherwise have actual knowledge that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Indenture Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

(b)Except during the occurrence and continuance of such an Event of Default:

(i)The Indenture Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and any other Transaction Document to which it is a party and no others and no implied covenants or obligations of the Indenture Trustee shall be read into this Indenture or any other Transaction Document.

(ii)In the absence of negligence or bad faith on its part, the Indenture Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Indenture Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document. The Indenture Trustee shall, however, examine such certificates and opinions to determine whether they conform on their face to the requirements of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document but the Indenture Trustee shall not be required to determine, confirm or recalculate information contained in such certificates or opinions.

(c)No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Indenture Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

(i)This paragraph does not limit the effect of subsection (b) of this Section 7.01.

(ii)The Indenture Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity for any action taken, or error of judgment made, in good faith by a Responsible Officer or other officers of the Indenture Trustee, unless it is proved that the Indenture Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(iii)The Indenture Trustee shall not be personally liable with respect to any action it takes, suffers or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it from the Noteholders in accordance with this Indenture or any other Transaction Document or for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture or any other Transaction Document, in each case unless it is proved that the Indenture Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.

(iv)The Indenture Trustee shall have no responsibility for filing any financing or continuation statement in any public office at any time or otherwise to perfect or to maintain the perfection of any Lien on the Trust Estate or in any item comprising the Conveyed Property.

(d)No provision of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document shall require the Indenture Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial or other liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or thereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not assured to it.

(e)The provisions of subsections (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this Section 7.01 shall apply to any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee pursuant to Section 7.13.

(f)The Indenture Trustee shall not in any way be held liable by reason of any insufficiency in any Account held by the Indenture Trustee resulting from any loss experienced on any item comprising the Conveyed Property except as a result of the Indenture Trustee's gross negligence or willful misconduct.

(g)In no event shall the Indenture Trustee be required to take any action that conflicts with Applicable Law, any of the provisions of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document or with the Indenture Trustee's duties hereunder or that adversely affect its rights and immunities hereunder.

(h)In no event shall the Indenture Trustee have any obligations or duties under or have any liabilities whatsoever to Noteholders under ERISA.

(i)In no event shall the Indenture Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities; it being understood that the Indenture Trustee shall resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(j)With respect to all Solar Loans and any related part of the Trust Estate released from the Lien of this Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall assign, without recourse, representation or warranty, to the appropriate Person as directed by the Issuer in writing, prior to the Termination Date, all the Indenture Trustee's right, title and interest in and to such assets, such assignment being in the form as prepared by the Servicer or the Issuer and acceptable to the Indenture Trustee. Such Person will thereupon own such Solar Loan and related rights appurtenant thereto free of any further obligation to the Indenture Trustee or the Noteholders with respect thereto. The Servicer or the Issuer will also prepare and the Indenture Trustee shall, upon written direction of the Issuer, also execute and deliver all such other instruments or documents as shall be reasonably requested by any such Person to be required or appropriate to effect a valid transfer of title to a Solar Loan and the related assets.

(k)In the event that the Indenture Trustee receives notice from the Custodian that the Electronic Vault Agreement will be terminated, the Indenture Trustee shall make such notice available to the Noteholders and take action in response to such notice as directed in writing by the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, provided, however, if the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class fail to provide written direction to the Indenture Trustee within five (5) days of such notice and no provision has been made for a substitute electronic vault agreement to replace the Electronic Vault Agreement on terms that would not have a material adverse effect on the Noteholders’ interest in the Solar Loan Agreements, as determined by an Opinion of Counsel, the Indenture Trustee shall direct the Custodian to implement a "paper out" process to convert all Solar Loan Agreements and any other electronic chattel paper held in the Electronic Vault into non-original paper copies of such chattel paper and to destroy the original electronic records evidencing such chattel paper, and such paper copies of the Solar Loan Agreements and other records shall be delivered to the Custodian. All expenses incurred in connection with such process shall be treated as expenses of the initial Servicer.

Section 7.02.    Manager Termination Event, Servicer Termination Event, or Event of Default. (a) The Indenture Trustee shall not be required to take notice of or be deemed to have notice or knowledge of any default, Default, Manager Termination Event, Servicer Termination Event, Event of Default, event or information, or be required to act upon any default, Default, Manager Termination Event, Servicer Termination Event, Event of Default, event or information (including the sending of any notice) unless a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee is specifically notified in writing at the address set forth in Section 12.04 or until a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee shall have acquired actual knowledge of a default, a Default, a Manager Termination Event, a Servicer Termination Event, an Event of Default, an event or information and shall have no duty to take any action to determine whether any such default, Default, Manager Termination Event, Servicer Termination Event, Event of Default, or event has occurred. In the absence of receipt of such notice or actual knowledge, the Indenture Trustee may conclusively assume that there is no such default, Default, Event of Default, Servicer Termination Event, Manager Termination Event or event. If written notice of the existence of a default, a Default, an Event of Default, a Manager Termination Event, a Servicer Termination Event, an event or information has been delivered to a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee or a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee has actual knowledge thereof, the Indenture Trustee shall promptly provide paper or electronic notice thereof to the Issuer, the Transition Manager, the Backup Servicer, the Rating Agencies and each Noteholder, but in any event, no later than five days after such knowledge or notice occurs.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(b)In the event the Servicer does not make available to each Rating Agency all reports of the Servicer and all reports to the Noteholders, upon request of such Rating Agency, the Indenture Trustee shall make available promptly after such request, copies of such Servicer reports as are in the Indenture Trustee's possession to each Rating Agency and the Noteholders.

Section 7.03.    Rights of Indenture Trustee. (a) The Indenture Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Indenture Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in any document. The Indenture Trustee need not investigate or re-calculate, evaluate, certify, verify or independently determine the accuracy of any numerical information, report, certificate, information, statement, representation or warranty or any fact or matter stated in any such document and may conclusively rely as to the truth of the statements and the accuracy of the information therein.

(b)Before the Indenture Trustee takes any action or refrains from taking any action under this Indenture or any other Transaction Document, it may require an Officer's Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, the costs of which (including the Indenture Trustee's reasonable and documented attorney's fees and expenses) shall be paid by the party requesting that the Indenture Trustee act or refrain from acting. The Indenture Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer's Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.

(c)The Indenture Trustee shall not be personally liable for any action it takes or omits to take or any action or inaction it believes in good faith to be authorized or within its rights or powers other than as a result of gross negligence or willful misconduct.

(d)The Indenture Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts of matters stated in any reports, certificates, payment instructions, opinion, notice, order or other paper or document unless requested in writing by 25% or more of the Noteholders, and such Noteholders have provided to the Indenture Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it.

(e)The Indenture Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, affiliates or attorneys or a custodian or nominee, and the Indenture Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent, attorney, custodian or nominee appointed by it hereunder with due care. The Indenture Trustee may consult with counsel, accountants and other experts and the advice or opinion of counsel, accountants and other experts with respect to legal and other matters relating to any Transaction Document shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability with respect to any action taken, omitted or suffered by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or opinion of counsel.

(f)The Indenture Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety with respect to the execution of this Indenture or the powers granted hereunder.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(g)The Indenture Trustee shall not be liable for any action or inaction of the Issuer, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager, the Custodian, or any other party (or agent thereof) to this Indenture or any Transaction Document and may assume compliance by such parties with their obligations under this Indenture or any other Transaction Document, unless a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee shall have received written notice to the contrary at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee.

(h)The Indenture Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by this Indenture or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation hereunder or in relation hereto at the request, order or direction of any of the Noteholders, pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Noteholders shall have offered to the Indenture Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities (including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of the Indenture Trustee's counsel and agents) which may be incurred therein or thereby.

(i)The Indenture Trustee shall have no duty (i) to maintain or monitor any insurance or (ii) to see to the payment or discharge of any tax, assessment, or other governmental charge or any lien or encumbrance of any kind owing with respect to, assessed or levied against, any part of the Trust Estate.

(j)Delivery of any reports, information and documents to the Indenture Trustee provided for herein or any other Transaction Document is for informational purposes only (unless otherwise expressly stated), and the Indenture Trustee's receipt of such or otherwise publicly available information shall not constitute actual or constructive knowledge or notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Servicer's, the Manager's or the Issuer's compliance with any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder (as to which the Indenture Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer's Certificates). The Indenture Trustee shall not have actual notice of any default or any other matter unless a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee receives actual written notice of such default or other matter.

(k)The Indenture Trustee does not have any obligation to investigate any matter or exercise any powers vested under this Indenture unless requested in writing by 25% or more of the Noteholders, and such Noteholders have provided to the Indenture Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it.

(l)Knowledge of the Indenture Trustee shall not be attributed or imputed to Wilmington Trust's other roles in the transaction and knowledge of the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager shall not be attributed or imputed to each other or to the Indenture Trustee (other than those where the roles are performed by the same group or division within Wilmington Trust or otherwise share the same Responsible Officers), or any affiliate, line of business, or other division of Wilmington Trust (and vice versa).

(m)The right of the Indenture Trustee to perform any permissive or discretionary act enumerated in this Indenture or any related document shall not be construed as a duty.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(n)None of the Indenture Trustee, the Transition Manager or the Backup Servicer shall have a duty to conduct any investigation as to an actual or alleged breach of any representation or warranty, the occurrence of any condition requiring the repurchase of any Solar Loan by any Person pursuant to the Transaction Documents, or the eligibility of any Solar Loan for purposes of the Transaction Documents.  For the avoidance of doubt, none of the Indenture Trustee, the Transition Manager or the Backup Servicer shall be responsible for determining whether a breach of the representations or warranties made by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor relating to the eligibility criteria of the Solar Loans has occurred or whether any such breach materially and adversely affects the value of such Solar Loans or the interests therein of the Noteholders; provided, however, that upon actual knowledge or receiving notice of a breach of any of the representations and warranties relating to the eligibility criteria of the Solar Loans by a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee, the Transition Manager or the Backup Servicer, the Indenture Trustee, the Transition Manager or the Backup Servicer, as applicable, shall give prompt written notice thereof to Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor.

(o)The rights, benefits, protections, immunities and indemnities afforded to the Indenture Trustee hereunder shall extend to the Indenture Trustee (in any of its capacities) under any other Transaction Document or related agreement as though set forth therein in their entirety mutatis mutandis.

(p)In no event shall the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer or the Transition Manager have any obligation to oversee or any liability or responsibility to monitor compliance with or enforce compliance with U.S. Risk Retention Rules or other rules or regulations relating to risk retention. In no event shall that Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer of the Transition Manager be charged with knowledge of such rules or regulations, nor shall it be liable to any investor or other party for violation of such rules or regulations now or hereafter in effect.

Section 7.04.    Not Responsible for Recitals, Issuance of Notes or Application of Moneys as Directed. The recitals contained herein and in the Notes, except the certificates of authentication on the Notes, shall be taken as the statements of the Issuer, and the Indenture Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Indenture Trustee makes no representations with respect to the Trust Estate or as to the validity or sufficiency of the Trust Estate or this Indenture or any other Transaction Document or of the Notes. The Indenture Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Issuer of the proceeds of the Notes. Subject to Section 7.01(b), the Indenture Trustee shall not be liable to any Person for any money paid to the Issuer upon an Issuer Order, Servicer instruction or order or direction provided in a Monthly Servicer Report contemplated by this Indenture or any other Transaction Document.

Section 7.05.    May Hold Notes. The Indenture Trustee or any agent of the Issuer, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with the Issuer or Sunnova Energy or any Affiliate of the Issuer or Sunnova Energy with the same rights it would have if it were not the Indenture Trustee or other agent.

Section 7.06.    Money Held in Trust. The Indenture Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Issuer and except to the extent of income or other gain on investments which are obligations of the Indenture Trustee hereunder.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 7.07.    Compensation and Reimbursement. (a) The Issuer agrees:

(i)to pay the Indenture Trustee in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, the Indenture Trustee Fee. The Indenture Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law with respect to compensation of a trustee of an express trust and the payments to the Indenture Trustee provided by Article V hereto shall constitute payments due with respect to the applicable fee agreement or letter;

(ii)in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, to reimburse the Indenture Trustee upon request for all reasonable and documented expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including, but not limited to, the reasonable compensation, expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel and allocable costs of in-house counsel); provided, however, in no event shall the Issuer pay or reimburse the Indenture Trustee or the agents or counsel, including in-house counsel of either, for any expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Indenture Trustee in connection with any negligent action or negligent inaction on the part of the Indenture Trustee; provided, further, that payments to the Indenture Trustee for reimbursement for any such expenses will be as set forth in Section 5.07(a)(i) hereof;

(iii)to indemnify the Indenture Trustee and its officers, directors, employees and agents for, and to hold them harmless against, any fee, loss, liability, damage, cost or expense (including reasonable and documented attorneys' fees, costs and expenses and court costs) incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Indenture Trustee, to the extent such matters have been determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, arising out of, or in connection with, the acceptance or administration of this trust and its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim, action or suit in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder and defending itself against any claim, action or suit (including a successful defense, in whole or in part, of a breach of its standard of care) or bringing any claim, action or suit to enforce the indemnification or other obligations of the relevant transaction parties; provided, however, that:

(A)with respect to any such claim the Indenture Trustee shall have given the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Servicer and the Manager written notice thereof promptly after the Indenture Trustee shall have actual knowledge thereof, provided, that failure to notify shall not relieve the parties of their obligations hereunder;

(B)notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 7.07(a)(iii), none of the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Servicer or the Manager shall be liable for settlement of any such claim by the Indenture Trustee entered into without the prior consent of the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Servicer or the Manager, as the case may be, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; and

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(C)the Indenture Trustee, its officers, directors, employees and agents, as a group, shall be entitled to counsel separate from the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Servicer and the Manager; to the extent the Issuer's, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings', Sunnova ABS Holdings IX's, the Depositor's, the Servicer's and the Manager's interests are not adverse to the interests of the Indenture Trustee, its officers, directors, employees or agents, the Indenture Trustee may agree to be represented by the same counsel as the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Servicer and the Manager.

Such payment obligations and indemnification shall survive the resignation or removal of the Indenture Trustee as well as the discharge, termination or assignment hereof. The Indenture Trustee's expenses are intended as expenses of administration.

    Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Indenture Trustee be liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Indenture Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

(b)The Indenture Trustee shall, on each Payment Date, in accordance with the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, deduct payment of its fees and expenses hereunder from moneys in the Collection Account.

(c)The Issuer agrees to assume and to pay, and to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders from any Taxes which may at any time be asserted with respect to, and as of the date of, the Grant of the Trust Estate to the Indenture Trustee, including, without limitation, any sales, gross receipts, general corporation, personal property, privilege or license taxes (but with respect to the Noteholders only, not including Taxes arising out of the creation or the issuance of the Notes or payments with respect thereto) and costs, expenses and reasonable counsel fees in defending against the same.

Section 7.08.    Eligibility; Disqualification. The Indenture Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus as stated in Section 7.09, and shall always be a bank or trust company with corporate trust powers organized under the laws of the United States or any State thereof which is a member of the Federal Reserve System and shall be rated at least investment grade by S&P.

Section 7.09.    Indenture Trustee's Capital and Surplus. The Indenture Trustee and/or its parent shall at all times have a combined capital and surplus of at least $100,000,000. If the Indenture Trustee publishes annual reports of condition of the type described in Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, its combined capital and surplus for purposes of this Section 7.09 shall be as set forth in the latest such report.

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Section 7.10.    Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. (a) No resignation or removal of the Indenture Trustee and no appointment of a successor Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.10 shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Indenture Trustee under Section 7.11.

(b)The Indenture Trustee may resign at any time by giving 30 days' prior written notice thereof to the Issuer and the Servicer. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Indenture Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Indenture Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Indenture Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Indenture Trustee.

(c)The Indenture Trustee may be removed at any time by the Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class upon 30 days' prior written notice, delivered to the Indenture Trustee, with copies to the Servicer and the Issuer.

(d)(i) If at any time the Indenture Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 7.08 or 7.09 or shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Indenture Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Indenture Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, with 30 days' prior written notice, the Issuer, with the prior written consent of the Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, by an Issuer Order, may remove the Indenture Trustee.

(ii)If the Indenture Trustee shall be removed pursuant to Sections 7.10(c) or (d) and no successor Indenture Trustee shall have been appointed pursuant to Section 7.10(e) and accepted such appointment within 30 days of the date of removal, the removed Indenture Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for appointment of a successor Indenture Trustee acceptable to the Issuer.

(e)If the Indenture Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of the Indenture Trustee for any cause, the Issuer, with the prior written consent of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, by an Issuer Order shall promptly appoint a successor Indenture Trustee.

(f)The Issuer shall give to the Rating Agencies and the Noteholders notice of each resignation and each removal of the Indenture Trustee and each appointment of a successor Indenture Trustee. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Indenture Trustee and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

(g)The provisions of this Section 7.10 shall apply to any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee pursuant to Section 7.13.

Section 7.11.    Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. (a) Every successor Indenture Trustee appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Issuer and the retiring Indenture Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Indenture Trustee shall become effective and such successor Indenture Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Indenture Trustee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, on request of the Issuer or the successor Indenture Trustee, such retiring Indenture Trustee shall, upon payment of its fees, expenses and other charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Indenture Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Indenture Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and

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deliver to such successor Indenture Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Indenture Trustee hereunder. Upon request of any such successor Indenture Trustee, the Issuer shall execute and deliver any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Indenture Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts.

(b)No successor Indenture Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Indenture Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under Sections 7.08 and 7.09.

(c)Notwithstanding the replacement of the Indenture Trustee, the obligations of the Issuer pursuant to Section 7.07(a)(iii) and (c) and the Indenture Trustee's protections under this Article VII shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Indenture Trustee.

Section 7.12.    Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business of Indenture Trustee. Any corporation or national banking association into which the Indenture Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation, bank, trust company or national banking association resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Indenture Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation, bank, trust company or national banking association succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Indenture Trustee, shall be the successor of the Indenture Trustee hereunder if such corporation, bank, trust company or national banking association shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under Section 7.08 and 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. The Indenture Trustee shall provide the Rating Agencies written notice of any such transaction. In case any Notes have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Indenture Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Indenture Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Notes so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Indenture Trustee had authenticated such Notes.

Section 7.13.    Co-trustees and Separate Indenture Trustees. (a) At any time or times, for the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Trust Estate may at the time be located, for enforcement actions, and where a conflict of interest exists, the Indenture Trustee shall have power to appoint and, upon the written request of the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer shall for such purpose join with the Indenture Trustee in the execution, delivery and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to appoint, one or more Persons that are approved by the Indenture Trustee either to act as co-trustee, jointly with the Indenture Trustee, of such part of the Trust Estate, or to act as separate trustee of any such property, in either case with such powers as may be provided in the instrument of appointment, and to vest in such Person or Persons in the capacity aforesaid, any property, title, right or power of the Indenture Trustee deemed necessary or desirable, in all respects subject to the other provisions of this Section 7.13. If the Issuer does not join in such appointment within 15 days after the receipt by it of a request so to do, or in case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Indenture Trustee alone shall have power to make such appointment. No notice to the Noteholders of the appointment of any co-trustee or separate trustee shall be required under this Indenture. Notice of any such appointments shall be promptly given to the Rating Agencies by the Indenture Trustee.

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(d)Should any written instrument from the Issuer be required by any co-trustee or separate trustee so appointed for more fully confirming to such co-trustee or separate trustee such property, title, right or power, any and all such instruments shall, on request, be executed, acknowledged and delivered by the Issuer.

(e)Every co-trustee or separate trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law, but to such extent only, be appointed subject to the following terms:

(i)The Notes shall be authenticated and delivered and all rights, powers, duties and obligations hereunder with respect to the custody of securities, cash and other personal property held by, or required to be deposited or pledged with, the Indenture Trustee hereunder, shall be exercised solely by the Indenture Trustee.

(ii)The rights, powers, duties and obligations hereby conferred or imposed upon the Indenture Trustee with respect to any property covered by such appointment shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Indenture Trustee and such co-trustee or separate trustee jointly, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act is to be performed, the Indenture Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations shall be exercised and performed solely by such co-trustee or separate trustee.

(iii)The Indenture Trustee at any time, by an instrument in writing executed by it, may accept the resignation of, or remove, any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed under this Section 7.13. Upon the written request of the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer shall join with the Indenture Trustee in the execution, delivery and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to effectuate such resignation or removal. A successor to any co-trustee or separate trustee so resigned or removed may be appointed in the manner provided in this Section 7.13.

(iv)No co-trustee or separate trustee appointed in accordance with this Section 7.13 hereunder shall be financially or otherwise liable by reason of any act or omission of the Indenture Trustee, or any other such trustee hereunder, and the Indenture Trustee shall not be financially or otherwise liable by reason of any act or omission of any co-trustee or other such separate trustee hereunder.

(v)Any notice, request or other writing delivered to the Indenture Trustee shall be deemed to have been delivered to each such co-trustee and separate trustee.

(vi)Any separate trustee or co-trustee may, at any time, constitute the Indenture Trustee, its agent or attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority, to the extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or with respect to this Indenture on its behalf and in its name. The Indenture Trustee shall not be responsible for any action or inaction of any such separate trustee or co-trustee appointed in accordance with this Section 7.13. The Indenture Trustee shall not have any responsibility or liability relating to the appointment of any separate or co-trustee. Any such separate or co-trustee shall not be deemed to be an agent of the Indenture Trustee. If any separate trustee or co-trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all of its estate, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest in and be exercised by the Indenture Trustee, to the extent permitted by law, without the appointment of a new or successor trustee.

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Section 7.14.    Books and Records. The Indenture Trustee agrees to provide to the Noteholders the right during normal business hours upon two days' prior notice in writing to inspect its books and records insofar as the books and records relate to the functions and duties of the Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Indenture.

Section 7.15.    Control. Upon the Indenture Trustee being adequately indemnified in writing to its satisfaction, the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class shall have the right to direct the Indenture Trustee with respect to any action or inaction by the Indenture Trustee hereunder, the exercise of any trust or power conferred on the Indenture Trustee, or the conduct of any Proceeding for any remedy available to the Indenture Trustee with respect to the Notes or the Trust Estate provided that:

(a)such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture or expose the Indenture Trustee to financial or other liability (for which it has not been adequately indemnified) or be unduly prejudicial to the Noteholders not approving such direction including, but not limited to and without intending to narrow the scope of this limitation, direction to the Indenture Trustee to act or omit to act, directly or indirectly, to amend, hypothecate, subordinate, terminate or discharge any Lien benefiting the Noteholders in the Trust Estate;

(b)the Indenture Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Indenture Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; and

(c)except as expressly provided otherwise herein (but only with the prior written consent of or at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class), the Indenture Trustee shall have the authority to take any enforcement action which it reasonably deems to be necessary to enforce the provisions of this Indenture.

Section 7.16.    Suits for Enforcement. If an Event of Default of which a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee shall have actual knowledge, shall occur and be continuing, the Indenture Trustee may, in its discretion and shall, at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class (provided that the Indenture Trustee is adequately indemnified in writing to its satisfaction), proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of any Noteholders under this Indenture by a Proceeding, whether for the specific performance of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the execution of any power granted in this Indenture or for the enforcement of any other legal, equitable or other remedy as the Indenture Trustee, being advised by counsel, shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of the rights of the Indenture Trustee or any Noteholders, but in no event shall the Indenture Trustee be liable for any failure to act in the absence of direction the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class.

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Section 7.17.    Compliance with Applicable Anti-Terrorism and Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. In order to comply with Applicable Laws, including those relating to the funding of terrorist activities and money laundering, the Indenture Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record certain information relating to individuals and entities which maintain a business relationship with Indenture Trustee. Accordingly, each of the parties agrees to provide to Indenture Trustee upon its request from time to time such identifying information and documentation as may be available to such party in order to enable Indenture Trustee to comply with Applicable Law.

Section 7.18.    Authorization. The Indenture Trustee is hereby authorized and directed to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under and make the representations contained in the Account Control Agreement on the Closing Date. Each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of a Note, acknowledges and agrees that the Indenture Trustee shall execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Account Control Agreement and shall do so solely in its capacity as Indenture Trustee and not in its individual capacity. Furthermore, each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of a Note acknowledges and agrees that the Indenture Trustee shall have no obligation to take any action pursuant to the Account Control Agreement unless directed to do so by the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class.

Article VIII

[Reserved]

Article IX

Event of Default

Section 9.01.    Events of Default. The occurrence of any of the following events shall constitute an "Event of Default" hereunder:

(a)a default in the payment of any Interest Distribution Amount (which, for the avoidance of doubt, does not include any Deferred Interest Amounts, Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts or Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts) on a Payment Date, which default shall not have been cured after three Business Days;

(b)a default in the payment of the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance and any unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts (including any Deferred Interest Amounts) at the Rated Final Maturity;

(c)an Insolvency Event shall have occurred with respect to the Issuer;

(d)the failure of the Issuer to observe or perform in any material respect any covenant or obligation of the Issuer set forth in this Indenture (other than the failure to make any required payment with respect to the Notes), which has not been cured within 30 days from the date of receipt by the Issuer of written notice from the Indenture Trustee of such breach or default, or the failure of the Issuer to deposit into the Collection Account all amounts required to be deposited therein by the required deposit date;

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(e)any representation, warranty or statement of the Issuer (other than representations and warranties as to whether a Solar Loan is an Eligible Solar Loan) contained in the Transaction Documents or any report, document or certificate delivered by the Issuer pursuant to the foregoing agreements shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect as of the time when the same shall have been made and, within 30 days after written notice thereof shall have been given to the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer by the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee or by the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, the circumstance or condition in respect of which such representation, warranty or statement was incorrect shall not have been eliminated or otherwise cured (which cure may be effected by payment of an indemnity claim) or waived by the Indenture Trustee, acting at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class;

(f)the failure for any reason of the Indenture Trustee, on behalf of the Noteholders, to have a first priority perfected Lien on the Trust Estate in favor of the Indenture Trustee (subject to Permitted Liens) which is not stayed, released or otherwise cured within ten days of receipt of notice or the Servicer's, the Manager's or the Issuer's knowledge thereof;

(g)the Issuer becomes subject to registration as an "investment company" under the 1940 Act;

(h)the Issuer becomes classified as an association, a publicly traded partnership or a taxable mortgage pool that, in each case, is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal or state income tax purposes;

(i)failure by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor to cure, repurchase or replace a Defective Solar Loan in accordance with the Contribution Agreement (except to the extent cured by the Performance Guarantor in accordance with the Performance Guaranty);

(j)any default in the payment of any amount due by the Performance Guarantor under the Performance Guaranty;

(k)any failure of the Performance Guarantor to observe or perform any covenant or obligation of the Performance Guarantor set forth in the Performance Guaranty (other than failure to make any required payment), which has not been cured within 30 days from the earlier of (x) knowledge by the Performance Guarantor of such failure to perform and (y) the date of receipt by the Performance Guarantor of written notice from the Indenture Trustee of such failure to perform; or

(l)there shall remain in force, undischarged, unsatisfied, and unstayed for more than 30 consecutive days, any final non-appealable judgment in the amount of $100,000 or more against the Issuer not covered by insurance or bond;

provided, that the Performance Guarantor's failure to cause the due and punctual performance and observance by the Manager of the Manager's obligations set forth under Section 8 of Exhibit A of the Management Agreement shall not constitute an Event of Default pursuant to either clause (x) or (xi).

In the case of an Event of Default, after the applicable grace period set forth in such subparagraphs, if any, the Indenture Trustee shall give written notice to the Noteholders, the

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Rating Agencies, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager and the Issuer that an Event of Default has occurred as of the date of such notice.

Section 9.02.    Actions of Indenture Trustee. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing hereunder, the Indenture Trustee shall, at the direction of the Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, do one of the following:

(a)declare the entire unpaid principal amount of the Notes, all interest accrued and unpaid thereon and all other amounts payable under this Indenture and the other Transaction Documents to become immediately due and payable;

(b)either on its own or through an agent, take possession of and sell the Trust Estate pursuant to Section 9.15, provided, however, that neither the Indenture Trustee nor any collateral agent may sell or otherwise liquidate the Trust Estate unless either (i) the proceeds of such sale or liquidation are sufficient to discharge in full the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Notes for principal and accrued interest and the fees and all other amounts required to be paid pursuant to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, or (ii) the Holders of 100% of the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance consent thereto;

(c)institute Proceedings for collection of amounts due on the Notes or under this Indenture by automatic acceleration or otherwise, or if no such acceleration or collection efforts have been made, or if such acceleration or collection efforts have been made, but have been annulled or rescinded, the Indenture Trustee may elect to take possession of the Trust Estate and collect or cause the collection of the proceeds thereof and apply such proceeds in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture;

(d)enforce any judgment obtained and collect any amounts adjudged from the Issuer;

(e)institute any Proceedings for the complete or partial foreclosure of the Lien created by the Indenture with respect to the Trust Estate; and

(f)protect the rights of the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders by taking any appropriate action including exercising any remedy of a secured party under the UCC or any other Applicable Law.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default of the type described in clause (c) of the definition thereof, the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance, all interest accrued and unpaid thereon and all other amounts payable under the Indenture and the other Transaction Documents shall automatically become immediately due and payable.

Section 9.03.    Indenture Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any Insolvency Proceeding relative to the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Notes or the property of the Issuer or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Indenture Trustee (irrespective of whether the Notes shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Indenture Trustee shall have made any demand on the Issuer for the payment of overdue principal or any interest or other amounts) shall, at the written direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, by intervention in such Insolvency Proceeding or otherwise,

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(a)file and prove a claim for the whole amount owing and unpaid with respect to the Notes issued hereunder and file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Indenture Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Indenture Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Noteholders allowed in such Insolvency Proceeding; and

(b)collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, or sequestrator (or other similar official) in any such Insolvency Proceeding is hereby authorized by each Noteholder to make such payments to the Indenture Trustee and, in the event that the Indenture Trustee shall, upon written direction from the Noteholders, consent to the making of such payments directly to the Noteholders, to pay to the Indenture Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Indenture Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Indenture Trustee under Section 7.07.

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Indenture Trustee to authorize and consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Noteholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, or composition affecting any of the Notes or the rights of any Noteholder thereof, or to authorize the Indenture Trustee to vote with respect to the claim of any Noteholder in any such Insolvency Proceeding.

Section 9.04.    Indenture Trustee May Enforce Claim Without Possession of Notes. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Notes may be prosecuted and enforced by the Indenture Trustee without the possession of any of the Notes or the production thereof in any Proceeding relating thereto, and any such Proceeding instituted by the Indenture Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders, and any recovery of judgment shall be applied first, to the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Indenture Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Indenture Trustee under Section 7.07 (provided that, any indemnification by the Issuer under Section 7.07 shall be paid only in the priority set forth in Section 5.07) and second, for the ratable benefit of the Noteholders for all amounts due to such Noteholders.

Section 9.05.    Knowledge of Indenture Trustee. Any references herein to the knowledge of the Indenture Trustee shall mean and refer to actual knowledge of a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee.

Section 9.06.    Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Note shall have any right to institute any Proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder unless:

(a)such Holder has previously given written notice to the Indenture Trustee of a continuing Event of Default;

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(b)the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class shall have made written request to the Indenture Trustee to institute Proceedings with respect to such Event of Default in its own name as Indenture Trustee hereunder;

(c)such Holder or Holders have offered to the Indenture Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(d)the Indenture Trustee for 30 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of security or indemnity has failed to institute any such Proceedings; and

(e)no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Indenture Trustee during such 30-day period by the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class;

it being understood and intended that no one or more Holders of Notes shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Notes, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided.

Section 9.07.    Unconditional Right of Noteholders to Receive Principal and Interest. The Holders of the Notes shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, subject to the express terms of this Indenture, to receive payment of principal and interest on such Notes, subject to the respective relative priorities provided for in this Indenture, as such principal and interest becomes due and payable from the Trust Estate and, subject to Section 9.06, to institute Proceedings for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired except as expressly permitted herein without the consent of such Holders.

Section 9.08.    Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Indenture Trustee or any Noteholder has instituted any Proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such Proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Indenture Trustee or to such Noteholder, then, and in every case, the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders shall, subject to any determination in such Proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Indenture Trustee and the Noteholders shall continue as though no such Proceeding had been instituted.

Section 9.09.    Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes in Section 2.09, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Indenture Trustee or to the Noteholders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

Section 9.10.    Delay or Omission; Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Indenture Trustee or of any Holder of any Note to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or any acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this

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Article IX or by law to the Indenture Trustee or to the Noteholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Indenture Trustee or by the Noteholders, as the case may be.

Section 9.11.    Control by Noteholders. Other than as set forth herein, the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any Proceeding for any remedy available to the Indenture Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Indenture Trustee; provided that:

(a)such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture including, without limitation, any provision hereof which expressly provides for approval by a greater percentage of the aggregate principal amount of all Outstanding Notes;

(b)the Indenture Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Indenture Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction; provided, however, that, subject to Section 7.01, the Indenture Trustee need not take any action which a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Indenture Trustee in good faith determines might involve it in liability (unless the Indenture Trustee is furnished with the reasonable indemnity referred to in Section 9.11(c)); and

(c)the Indenture Trustee has been furnished reasonable indemnity against costs, expenses and liabilities which it might incur in connection therewith.

Section 9.12.    Waiver of Certain Events by Less Than All Noteholders. The Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class may, on behalf of the Holders of all the Notes, waive any past Default, Event of Default, Acceleration Event, Servicer Termination Event, or Manager Termination Event, and its consequences, except:

(a)a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Note, or a Default caused by the Issuer becoming subject to registration as an "investment company" under the 1940 Act, or

(b)with respect to a covenant or provision hereof which under Article X cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Note affected.

Upon any such waiver, such Default, Event of Default, Acceleration Event, Servicer Termination Event or Manager Termination Event shall cease to exist, and any Default, Event of Default, Acceleration Event, Servicer Termination or Manager Termination Event or other consequence arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default, Event of Default, Servicer Termination Event or Manager Termination Event or impair any right consequent thereon.

Section 9.13.    Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Noteholder and each Note Owner by its acceptance of a Note shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Indenture Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Indenture Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses

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made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 9.13 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Indenture Trustee or to any suit instituted by any Noteholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Note on or after the Rated Final Maturity expressed in such Note.

Section 9.14.    Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Issuer covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not, at any time, insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Issuer (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Indenture Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

Section 9.15.    Sale of Trust Estate. (a) The power to effect any sale of any portion of the Trust Estate pursuant to this Article IX shall not be exhausted by any one or more sales as to any portion of the Trust Estate remaining unsold, but shall continue unimpaired until the entire Trust Estate securing the Notes shall have been sold or all amounts payable on the Notes and under this Indenture with respect thereto shall have been paid. The Indenture Trustee, acting on its own or through an agent, may from time to time postpone any sale by public announcement made at the time and place of such sale.

(b)The Indenture Trustee shall not, in any private sale, sell to a third party the Trust Estate, or any portion thereof unless the Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class direct the Indenture Trustee, in writing, to make such sale or unless either (i) the proceeds of such sale or liquidation are sufficient to discharge in full the amounts then due and unpaid upon the Notes for principal and accrued interest and the fees and all other amounts required to be paid pursuant the Priority of Payments or (ii) the Holders of 100% of the principal amount of each Class of Notes then Outstanding consent thereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, prior to the consummation of any sale of the Trust Estate (either private or public), the Indenture Trustee shall first offer the Originator the opportunity to purchase the Trust Estate for a purchase price equal to the greater of (x) the fair market value of the Trust Estate and (y) the aggregate outstanding note balance of the Notes, plus accrued interest thereon and fees owed thereto (such right, the "Right of First Refusal"). If the Originator does not exercise its Right of First Refusal within two Business Days of receipt thereof, then the Indenture Trustee shall sell the Trust Estate as otherwise set forth in this Section 9.15; provided, further, that if the Originator does not exercise its Right of First Refusal and the Indenture Trustee elects to sell the Trust Estate in a private sale to a third party, then prior to the sale thereof, the Indenture Trustee shall offer the Originator the opportunity to purchase the Trust Estate for the purchase price being offered by such third party, and the Originator shall have two Business Days to accept such offer.

(c)The Indenture Trustee or any Noteholder may bid for and acquire any portion of the Trust Estate in connection with a public or private sale thereof, and in lieu of paying cash therefor, any Noteholder may make settlement for the purchase price by crediting against amounts owing on the Notes of such Holder or other amounts owing to such Holder secured by this Indenture, that portion of the net proceeds of such sale to which such Holder would be entitled, after deducting the reasonable costs, charges and expenses incurred by the Indenture Trustee or the Noteholders in connection with such sale. The Notes need not be produced in order to complete any such sale, or in order for the net proceeds of such sale to be credited against the Notes. The Indenture Trustee or the Noteholders may hold, lease,

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operate, manage or otherwise deal with any property so acquired in any manner permitted by law.

(d)The Indenture Trustee shall execute and deliver an appropriate instrument of conveyance transferring its interest in any portion of the Trust Estate in connection with a sale thereof. In addition, the Indenture Trustee is hereby irrevocably appointed the agent and attorney-in-fact of the Issuer to transfer and convey its interest in any portion of the Trust Estate in connection with a sale thereof, pursuant to this Section 9.15, and to take all action necessary to effect such sale. No purchaser or transferee at such a sale shall be bound to ascertain the Indenture Trustee's authority, inquire into the satisfaction of any conditions precedent or see to the application of any monies.

(e)The method, manner, time, place and terms of any sale of all or any portion of the Trust Estate shall be commercially reasonable.

Section 9.16.    Action on Notes. The Indenture Trustee's right to seek and recover judgment on the Notes or under this Indenture shall not be affected by the seeking, obtaining or application of any other relief under or with respect to this Indenture. Neither the Lien of this Indenture nor any rights or remedies of the Indenture Trustee or the Noteholders shall be impaired by the recovery of any judgment by the Indenture Trustee against the Issuer or by the levy of any execution under such judgment upon any portion of the Trust Estate or upon any of the assets of the Issuer.

Article X

Supplemental Indentures

Section 10.01.    Supplemental Indentures Without Noteholder Approval. (a) Without the consent of the Noteholders, provided that (x) the Issuer shall have provided written notice to the Rating Agencies of such modification, (y) the Indenture Trustee shall have received an Opinion of Counsel that such modification is permitted under the terms of this Indenture and that all conditions precedent to the execution of such modification have been satisfied and (z) the Indenture Trustee shall have received a Tax Opinion, the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee, when authorized and directed by an Issuer Order, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more amendments or indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

(i)to correct, amplify or add to the description of any property at any time subject to the Lien of this Indenture, or better to assure, convey and confirm unto the Indenture Trustee any property subject or required to be subjected to the Lien of this Indenture, or to subject to the Lien of this Indenture additional property; provided that such action pursuant to this clause (i) shall not adversely affect the interests of the Noteholders in any respect;

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(ii)to evidence the succession of another Person to either the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee contained herein and in the Notes;

(iii)to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein or to conform the provisions herein to the descriptions set forth in the Offering Circular;

(iv)to add to the covenants of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee, for the benefit of the Noteholders or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Issuer; or

(v)to effect any matter specified in Section 10.06.

(b)Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee of any amendment or supplemental indenture pursuant to this Section 10.01, the Indenture Trustee shall make available to the Noteholders and the Rating Agencies a copy of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Indenture Trustee to make available such copy shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amendment or supplemental indenture.

Section 10.02.    Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Noteholders. (a) With the prior written consent of each Noteholder affected thereby, prior written notice to the Rating Agencies and receipt by the Indenture Trustee of a Tax Opinion, the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee, when authorized and directed by an Issuer Order, at any time and from time to time, may enter into an amendment or a supplemental indenture for the purpose of adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of, this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders under this Indenture for the following purposes:

(i)to change the Rated Final Maturity of any Note, or the due date of any payment of interest on any Note, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or the interest rate thereon, change the place of payment where, or the coin or currency in which any Note or any interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of the payment of interest due on any Note on or after the due date thereof or for the enforcement of the payment of the entire remaining unpaid principal amount of any Note on or after the Rated Final Maturity thereof or change any provision of Article VI regarding the amounts payable upon any Voluntary Prepayment of the Notes;

(ii)to reduce the percentage of the Outstanding Note Balance of any Class of Notes, the consent of the Noteholders of which is required to approve any such supplemental indenture; or the consent of the Noteholders of which is required for any waiver of compliance with provisions of this Indenture, Events of Default, Manager Termination Events under the Indenture or under the Management Agreement or Servicer Termination Events under this Indenture or under the Servicing Agreement and their consequences provided for in this Indenture or for any other purpose hereunder;

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(iii)to modify any of the provisions of this Section 10.02;

(iv)to modify or alter the provisions of the proviso to the definition of the term "Outstanding"; or

(v)to permit the creation of any other Lien with respect to any part of the Trust Estate or terminate the Lien of this Indenture on any property at any time subject hereto or, except with respect to any action which would not have a material adverse effect on any Noteholder (as certified by the Issuer), deprive the Noteholder of the security afforded by the Lien of this Indenture.

(b)With the prior written consent of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, and receipt by the Indenture Trustee of a Tax Opinion, the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee, when authorized by an Issuer Order, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more amendments or indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee for the purpose of modifying, eliminating or adding to the provisions of this Indenture; provided that such supplemental indentures shall not have any of the effects described in paragraphs (i) through (v) of Section 10.02(a).

(c)Promptly after the execution by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee of any amendment or supplemental indenture pursuant to this Section 10.02, the Indenture Trustee shall make available to the Noteholders and the Rating Agencies a copy of such supplemental indenture. Any failure of the Indenture Trustee to make available such copy shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.

(d)Whenever the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee solicits a consent to any amendment or supplement to this Indenture, the Issuer shall fix a record date in advance of the solicitation of such consent for the purpose of determining the Noteholders entitled to consent to such amendment or supplement. Only those Noteholders at such record date shall be entitled to consent to such amendment or supplement whether or not such Noteholders continue to be Holders after such record date.

Section 10.03.    Execution of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any amendment or supplemental indenture permitted by this Article X or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel (i) describing that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and (ii) in accordance with Section 3.06(a) hereof. The Indenture Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Indenture Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

Section 10.04.    Effect of Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture under this Article X, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Notes which have theretofore been or thereafter are authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

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Section 10.05.    Reference in Notes to Amendments and Supplemental Indentures. Notes authenticated and delivered after the execution of any amendment or supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article X may, and if required by the Issuer shall, bear a notation as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Issuer shall so determine, new Notes so modified as to conform to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Issuer and authenticated and delivered by the Indenture Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Notes.

Section 10.06.    Indenture Trustee to Act on Instructions. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary (other than Section 10.02), in the event the Indenture Trustee is uncertain as to the intention or application of any provision of this Indenture or any other agreement to which it is a party, or such intention or application is ambiguous as to its purpose or application, or is, or appears to be, in conflict with any other applicable provision thereof, or if this Indenture or any other agreement to which it is a party permits or does not prohibit any determination by the Indenture Trustee, or is silent or incomplete as to the course of action which the Indenture Trustee is required or is permitted or may be permitted to take with respect to a particular set of facts or circumstances, the Indenture Trustee shall, at the expense of the Issuer, be entitled to request and rely upon the following: (a) written instructions of the Issuer directing the Indenture Trustee to take certain actions or refrain from taking certain actions, which written instructions shall contain a certification that the taking of such actions or refraining from taking certain actions is in the best interest of the Noteholders and (b)  prior written consent of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class. In such case, the Indenture Trustee shall have no liability to the Issuer or the Noteholders for, and the Issuer shall hold harmless the Indenture Trustee from, any liability, costs or expenses arising from or relating to any action taken by the Indenture Trustee acting upon such instructions, and the Indenture Trustee shall have no responsibility to the Noteholders with respect to any such liability, costs or expenses. The Issuer shall provide a copy of such written instructions to the Rating Agencies.

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Article XI

[Reserved]

Article XII

Miscellaneous

Section 12.01.    Compliance Certificates and Opinions; Furnishing of Information. Upon any application or request by the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture (except with respect to ordinary course actions under this Indenture and except as otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture), the Issuer at the request of the Indenture Trustee shall furnish to the Indenture Trustee a certificate describing that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel describing that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of certificates and Opinions of Counsel are specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or Opinion of Counsel need be furnished.

Section 12.02.    Form of Documents Delivered to Indenture Trustee. (a) If several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

(b)Any certificate or opinion of an Authorized Officer of the Issuer may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by outside counsel, unless such Authorized Officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion or any Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an Authorized Officer of any relevant Person, describing that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of such Person, unless such officer or counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. Any Opinion of Counsel may be based on the written opinion of other counsel, in which event such Opinion of Counsel shall be accompanied by a copy of such other counsel's opinion and shall include a statement to the effect that such counsel believes that such counsel and the Indenture Trustee may reasonably rely upon the opinion of such other counsel.

(c)Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, notices, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

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(d)Wherever in this Indenture, in connection with any application or certificate or report to the Indenture Trustee, it is provided that the Issuer, the Servicer or the Manager shall deliver any document as a condition of the granting of such application, or as evidence of the Issuer's, the Servicer's or the Manager's compliance with any term hereof, it is intended that the truth and accuracy, at the time of the granting of such application or at the effective date of such notice or report (as the case may be), of the facts and opinions stated in such document shall in such case be conditions precedent to the right of the Issuer to have such application granted or to the sufficiency of such notice or report. The foregoing shall not, however, be construed to affect the Indenture Trustee's right to rely upon the truth and accuracy of any statement or opinion contained in any such document as provided in Section 7.01(b)(ii).

(e)Wherever in this Indenture it is provided that the absence of the occurrence and continuation of a Default, an Event of Default, a Servicer Termination Event or a Manager Termination Event is a condition precedent to the taking of any action by the Indenture Trustee at the request or direction of the Issuer, then notwithstanding that the satisfaction of such condition is a condition precedent to the Issuer's or the Indenture Trustee's right to make such request or direction, the Indenture Trustee shall be protected in acting in accordance with such request or direction if a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee does not have actual knowledge of the occurrence and continuation of such Default, Event of Default, Servicer Termination Event or Manager Termination Event.

Section 12.03.    Acts of Noteholders. (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Noteholders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Noteholders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Indenture Trustee, and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Issuer. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Noteholders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 7.01) conclusive in favor of the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer, if made in the manner provided in this Section 12.03.

(b)The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by the certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Whenever such execution is by an officer of a corporation or a member of a limited liability company or a partnership on behalf of such corporation, limited liability company or partnership, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority.

(c)The ownership of Notes shall be proved by the Note Register.

(d)Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of any Notes shall bind the Holder of every Note issued upon the registration or transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, with respect to anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Indenture Trustee or the Issuer in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Notes.

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Section 12.04.    Notices, Etc. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or act of Noteholders or other documents provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

(a)the Indenture Trustee by any Noteholder or by the Issuer, shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally, mailed by first-class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission in PDF format or overnight delivery service, postage prepaid, and received by, a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office listed below, or

(b)any other Person shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally or by facsimile transmission, electronic transmission in PDF format or prepaid overnight delivery service at the address listed below or at any other address subsequently furnished in writing to the Indenture Trustee by the applicable Person.

To the Indenture Trustee:    Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890
Attention: Corporate Trust Administration

Phone: [***]

Fax: [***]

To the Issuer:            Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540

Houston, Texas 77046
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Email: [***]

Phone:    [***]
Fax: [***]

with a copy to:            Sunnova Energy Corporation
                20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540

Houston, Texas 77046
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
Email: [***]

Phone:    [***]
Fax: [***]

To KBRA:            Kroll Bond Rating Agency, LLC

                805 Third Avenue, 29th Floor

                New York, New York 10022

                Attention: ABS Surveillance

                Email: [***]

                Phone: [***]

To Fitch:            Fitch Ratings, LLC

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                70 W. Madison

                Chicago, Illinois 60602

                Attention: ABS Surveillance

                Phone: [***]

                Fax: [***]

Notices delivered to the Rating Agencies shall be by electronic delivery to the email address set forth above where information is available in electronic format. In addition, upon the written request of any beneficial owner of a Note, the Indenture Trustee shall provide to such beneficial owner copies of such notices, reports or other information delivered, in one or more of the means requested, by the Indenture Trustee hereunder to other Persons as such beneficial owner may reasonably request.

Section 12.05.    Notices and Reports to Noteholders; Waiver of Notices. (a) Where this Indenture provides for notice to Noteholders of any event or the mailing of any report to the Noteholders, such notice or report shall be written and shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if mailed, first-class, postage-prepaid, to each Noteholder affected by such event or to whom such report is required to be mailed or sent via electronic mail, at the address or electronic mail address of such Noteholder as it appears on the Note Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice or the mailing of such report. In any case where a notice or report to Noteholders is mailed in the manner provided above, neither the failure to mail such notice or report, nor any defect in any notice or report so mailed, to any particular Noteholder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice or report with respect to other Noteholders, and any notice or report which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given or provided.

(b)Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by any Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Noteholders shall be filed with the Indenture Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

(c)If, by reason of the suspension of regular mail service as a result of a strike, work stoppage or similar activity, it shall be impractical to mail notice of any event to the Noteholders when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee shall be deemed to be a sufficient giving of such notice.

(d)The Indenture Trustee shall promptly upon written request furnish to each Noteholder each Monthly Servicer Report and, unless directed to do so under any other provision of this Indenture or any other Transaction Document (in which case no request shall be necessary), a copy of all reports, financial statements and notices received by the Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Indenture and the other Transaction Documents, but only with the use of a password provided by the Indenture Trustee; provided, however, the Indenture Trustee shall have no obligation to provide such information described in this Section 12.05 until it has received the requisite information from the Issuer or the Servicer. The Indenture Trustee will make no representation or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of such documents and will assume no responsibility therefor. The Indenture Trustee's internet website will initially be located at www.wilmingtontrustconnect.com or at such other address as the Indenture Trustee shall notify the parties to the Indenture from time

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to time. In connection with providing access to the Indenture Trustee's website, the Indenture Trustee may require registration and the acceptance of a disclaimer. The Indenture Trustee shall not be liable for the dissemination of information in accordance with this Indenture.

Section 12.06.    Rules by Indenture Trustee. The Indenture Trustee may make reasonable rules for any meeting of Noteholders.

Section 12.07.    Issuer Obligation. Each of the Indenture Trustee and each Noteholder accepts that the enforcement against the Issuer under this Indenture and under the Notes shall be limited to the assets of the Issuer, whether tangible or intangible, real or person (including the Trust Estate) and the proceeds thereof. No recourse may be taken, directly or indirectly, against (a) any member, manager, officer, employee, trustee, agent or director of the Issuer or of any predecessor of the Issuer, (b) any member, manager, beneficiary, officer, employee, trustee, agent, director or successor or assign of a holder of a member or limited liability company interest in the Issuer, or (c) any incorporator, subscriber to capital stock, stockholder, officer, director, employee or agent of the Indenture Trustee or any predecessor or successor thereof, with respect to the Issuer's obligations with respect to the Notes or any of the statements, representations, covenants, warranties or obligations of the Issuer under this Indenture or any Note or other writing delivered in connection herewith or therewith.

Section 12.08.    Enforcement of Benefits. The Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders shall be entitled to enforce and, at the written direction (electronic means shall be sufficient) of and with indemnity by the Super-Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, the Indenture Trustee shall enforce the covenants and agreements of the Manager contained in the Management Agreement, the Servicer contained in the Servicing Agreement, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and the Depositor contained in the Contribution Agreement, the Performance Guarantor in the Performance Guaranty and each other Transaction Document.

Section 12.09.    Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Section and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

Section 12.10.    Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee shall bind their respective successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

Section 12.11.    Separability; Entire Agreement. If any provision in this Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Furthermore, in lieu of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision, there shall be added automatically as part of this Indenture, a provision as similar in its terms and purpose to such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be legal, valid and enforceable. This Indenture reflects the entire agreement with respect to the matters covered by this Indenture and supersedes any prior agreements, commitments, drafts, communication, discussions and understandings, oral or written, with respect thereto.

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Section 12.12.    Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Notes, expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder, any separate trustee or co-trustee appointed under Section 7.13 and the Noteholders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

Section 12.13.    Legal Holidays. If the date of any Payment Date or any other date on which principal of or interest on any Note is proposed to be paid or any date on which mailing of notices by the Indenture Trustee to any Person is required pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, shall not be a Business Day, then (notwithstanding any other provision of the Notes or this Indenture) payment or mailing of such notice need not be made on such date, but may be made or mailed on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made or mailed on the nominal date of any such Payment Date or other date for the payment of principal of or interest on any Note, or as if mailed on the nominal date of such mailing, as the case may be, and in the case of payments, no interest shall accrue for the period from and after any such nominal date, provided such payment is made in full on such next succeeding Business Day.

Section 12.14.    Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. (a) This Indenture and each Note shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the substantive laws of the State of New York (including New York General Obligations Laws §§ 5-1401 and 5-1402, but otherwise without regard to conflicts of law provisions thereof, except with regard to the UCC) applicable to agreements made and to be performed therein.

(b)The parties hereto agree to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Commercial Division, New York State Supreme Court, and federal courts in the borough of Manhattan in the City of New York in the State of New York.

(c)TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EACH PARTY HERETO AND EACH NOTEHOLDER BY ACCEPTANCE OF A NOTE IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT OF TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM BASED ON, OR ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THIS INDENTURE, ANY OTHER DOCUMENT IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ANY MATTER ARISING HEREUNDER OR THEREUNDER.

Section 12.15.    Electronic Signatures and Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in multiple counterparts (including electronic PDF), each of which shall be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute but one and the same agreement. This Indenture shall be valid, binding, and enforceable against a party only when executed by an authorized individual on behalf of the party by means of (i) an electronic signature that complies with the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, state enactments of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, and/or any other relevant electronic signatures law, in each case to the extent applicable; (ii) an original manual signature; or (iii) a faxed, scanned, or photocopied manual signature; provided, execution by electronic signature as contemplated in clause (i) shall be limited to instances of force majeure or other circumstances that make execution by such means necessary, unless the parties otherwise agree. Each electronic signature or faxed, scanned, or photocopied manual signature shall for all purposes have the same validity, legal effect, and admissibility in evidence as an original manual signature. Each party hereto shall be entitled to conclusively rely upon, and shall have no liability with respect to, any electronic signature or faxed, scanned, or photocopied manual signature of any other party and shall have no duty to investigate, confirm or

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otherwise verify the validity or authenticity thereof. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall, together, constitute only one instrument.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any notice provided for in this Indenture or any instrument required or permitted to be delivered hereunder, any party hereto receiving or relying upon such notice or instrument shall be entitled to request execution thereof by original manual signature as a condition to the effectiveness thereof.

Section 12.16.    Recording of Indenture. If this Indenture is subject to recording in any appropriate public recording offices, the Issuer shall effect such recording at its expense in compliance with an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such recording is necessary either for the protection of the Noteholders or any other person secured hereunder or for the enforcement of any right or remedy granted to the Indenture Trustee under this Indenture or any other Transaction Document.

Section 12.17.    Further Assurances. The Issuer agrees to do and perform, from time to time, any and all acts and to execute any and all further instruments required or reasonably requested by the Indenture Trustee to effect more fully the purposes of this Indenture, including, without limitation, the execution of any financing statements or continuation statements relating to the Trust Estate for filing under the provisions of the UCC of any applicable jurisdiction.

Section 12.18.    No Bankruptcy Petition Against the Issuer. The Indenture Trustee agrees (and each Noteholder and each Note Owner by its acceptance of a Note shall be deemed to agree) that, prior to the date that is one year and one day after the payment in full of all amounts payable with respect to the Notes, it will not institute against the Issuer, or join any other Person in instituting against the Issuer, any Insolvency Proceedings or other Proceedings under the laws of the United States or any State of the United States. This Section 12.18 shall survive the termination of this Indenture.

Section 12.19.    [Reserved]

Section 12.20.    Rule 15Ga-1 Compliance.

(a)To the extent a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee receives a demand for the repurchase of a Solar Loan based on a breach of a representation or warranty made by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor of such Solar Loan (each, a "Demand"), the Indenture Trustee agrees (i) if such Demand is in writing, promptly to forward such Demand to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor, the Manager, the Servicer and the Issuer, and (ii) if such Demand is oral, to instruct the requesting party to submit such Demand in writing to the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer.

(b)In connection with the repurchase of a Solar Loan pursuant to a Demand, any dispute with respect to a Demand, or the withdrawal or final rejection of a Demand by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor of such Solar Loan, the Indenture Trustee agrees, to the extent a Responsible Officer of the Indenture Trustee has actual knowledge thereof, promptly to notify the Issuer, the Manager and the Depositor, in writing.

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(c) The Indenture Trustee will (i) notify the Issuer, the Manager and the Depositor as soon as practicable and in any event within three Business Days of the receipt thereof and in the manner set forth in Exhibit D hereof, of all Demands and provide to the Issuer any other information reasonably requested to facilitate compliance by it with Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act ("Rule 15Ga-1 Information"), and (ii) if requested in writing by the Issuer or the Depositor, provide a written certification no later than ten days following any calendar quarter or calendar year that the Indenture Trustee has not received any Demands for such period, or if Demands have been received during such period, that the Indenture Trustee has provided all the information reasonably requested under clause (i) above with respect to such Demands. For purposes of this Indenture, references to any calendar quarter shall mean the related preceding calendar quarter ending in January, April, July and October, as applicable. The Indenture Trustee has no duty or obligation to undertake any investigation or inquiry related to any repurchases of Solar Loans, or otherwise assume any additional duties or responsibilities, other than those express duties or responsibilities of the Indenture Trustee hereunder or under the Transaction Documents, and no such additional obligations or duties are otherwise implied by the terms of this Indenture. The Issuer has full responsibility for compliance with all related reporting requirements associated with the transaction completed by the Transaction Documents and for all interpretive issues regarding this information.

Section 12.21.    Multiple Roles. The parties expressly acknowledge and consent to Wilmington Trust, National Association, acting in the multiple roles of Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager. Wilmington Trust, National Association may, in such capacities, discharge its separate functions fully, without hindrance or regard to conflict of interest principles or other breach of duties to the extent that any such conflict or breach arises from the performance by Wilmington Trust, National Association of express duties set forth in this Indenture in any of such capacities, all of which defenses, claims or assertions are hereby expressly waived by the other parties hereto except in the case of negligence (other than errors in judgment), bad faith or willful misconduct by Wilmington Trust, National Association.

Section 12.22.    PATRIOT Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with the Customer Identification Program (CIP) requirements established under the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, Title III of Pub. L. 107 56 (signed into law October 26, 2001) and its implementing regulations (collectively, USA PATRIOT Act), the Indenture Trustee in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Indenture Trustee. Each party hereby agrees that it shall provide the Indenture Trustee with such information as the Indenture Trustee may request from time to time in order to comply with any applicable requirements of the Patriot Act

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Article XIII

Termination

Section 13.01.    Termination of Indenture. (a) This Indenture shall terminate on the Termination Date. The Servicer shall promptly notify the Indenture Trustee in writing of any prospective termination pursuant to this Article XIII. Upon termination of the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall notify the Lockbox Bank of the same pursuant to the Account Control Agreement, the Liens in favor of the Indenture Trustee on the Trust Estate shall automatically terminate and the Indenture Trustee shall convey and transfer of all right, title and interest in and to the Solar Loans and other property and funds in the Trust Estate to the Issuer.

(b)Notice of any prospective termination (other than pursuant to Section 6.01(a) with respect to Voluntary Prepayments in full), specifying the Payment Date for payment of the final payment and requesting the surrender of the Notes for cancellation, shall be given promptly by the Indenture Trustee by letter to the Noteholders as of the applicable Record Date and the Rating Agencies upon the Indenture Trustee receiving written notice of such event from the Issuer or the Servicer. The Issuer or the Servicer shall give such notice to the Indenture Trustee not later than the 5th day of the month of the final Payment Date describing (i) the Payment Date upon which final payment of the Notes shall be made, (ii) the amount of any such final payment, and (iii) the location for presentation and surrender of the Notes. Surrender of the Notes that are Definitive Notes shall be a condition of payment of such final payment.

[Signature Page Follows]

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In Witness Whereof, the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, as Issuer

__________________________________

By /s/ Robert L. Lane

Name: Robert L. Lane

Title: Executive Vice President,

     Chief Financial Officer

Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Indenture Trustee

__________________________________

By /s/ Clarice Wright

Name: Clarice Wright

Title: Vice President

Agreed and Acknowledged:

Sunnova ABS Management, LLC
as Manager

____________________________

By /s/ Robert L. Lane

Name: Robert L. Lane

Title: Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

Signature Page to Sunnova 2022-B Indenture

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sunnova ABS Management, LLC
as Servicer

_____________________________________

By /s/ Robert L. Lane

Name: Robert L. Lane

Title: Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

Sunnova Energy Corporation
with respect to Section 5.08

______________________________________

By /s/ Robert L. Lane

Name: Robert L. Lane

Title: Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

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Annex A

Standard Definitions

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Annex A

Standard Definitions

Rules of Construction. In these Standard Definitions and with respect to the Transaction Documents (as defined below), (a) the meanings of defined terms are equally applicable to the singular and plural forms of the defined terms, (b) in any Transaction Document, the words "hereof," "herein," "hereunder" and similar words refer to such Transaction Document as a whole and not to any particular provisions of such Transaction Document, (c) any subsection, Section, Article, Annex, Schedule and Exhibit references in any Transaction Document are to such Transaction Document unless otherwise specified, (d) the term "documents" includes any and all documents, instruments, agreements, certificates, indentures, notices and other writings, however evidenced (including electronically), (e) the term "including" is not limiting and (except to the extent specifically provided otherwise) shall mean "including (without limitation)", (f) unless otherwise specified, in the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word "from" shall mean "from and including," the words "to" and "until" each shall mean "to but excluding," and the word "through" shall mean "to and including", (g) the words "may" and "might" and similar terms used with respect to the taking of an action by any Person shall reflect that such action is optional and not required to be taken by such Person, and (h) references to an agreement or other document include references to such agreement or document as amended, restated, reformed, supplemented and/or otherwise modified in accordance with the terms thereof.

"1940 Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, including the rules and regulations thereunder.

"Acceleration Event" means the acceleration of the Notes following an Event of Default.

"Acceleration Event Priority of Payments" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.07(b) of the Indenture.

"Account Control Agreement" means the blocked account agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among the Issuer, the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee and the Lockbox Bank with respect to the Lockbox Account.

"Account Property" means the Accounts and all proceeds of the Accounts, including, without limitation, all amounts and investments held from time to time in any Account (whether in the form of deposit accounts, book-entry securities, uncertificated securities, security entitlements (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(17) of the UCC as enacted in the State of New York), financial assets (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(9) of the UCC), or any other investment property (as defined in Section 9-102(a)(49) of the UCC).

"Accountant's Report" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(a) of the Servicing Agreement.

"Accounts" means, collectively, the Lockbox Account, the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account.

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"Acquisition Price" has the meaning set forth in the Contribution Agreement.

"Act" has the meaning set forth in Section 12.03 of the Indenture.

"Adjusted Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance" means the Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance less the Yield Supplement Overcollateralization Amount as of the Closing Date.

"Adjusted Aggregate Solar Loan Balance" means, on any date of determination, an amount equal to (i) the Aggregate Solar LoanBalance as of the end of the related Collection Period less (ii) the Yield Supplement Overcollateralization Amount as of such date.

"Administrative Fee Base Rate" means $[***] and on each annual anniversary of the initial Determination Date will be increased by [***]%.

"Affiliate" means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, a Person shall be deemed to "control" another Person if the controlling Person owns 5% or more of any class of voting securities of the controlled Person or possesses, directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the controlled Person, whether through ownership of stock, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. For purposes of any ERISA related representations, Affiliate shall refer to any entity under common control with such Person within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA or Section 414 of the Code.

"Agent Member" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a) of the Indenture.

"Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance" means an amount equal to the Aggregate Solar Loan Balance as of the Initial Cut-Off Date.

"Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance" means, as of any date of determination, an amount equal to the sum of the Outstanding Note Balances of all Classes of Notes as of such date of determination.

"Aggregate Solar Loan Balance" means the sum of the Solar Loan Balances for all Solar Loans (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans).

"Ancillary PV System Components" means main panel upgrades, generators, critter guards, snow guards, electric vehicle chargers, roofing and landscaping materials, automatic transfer switches, load controllers and Energy Efficiency Upgrades.

"Ancillary Solar Loan Agreement" means, in respect of each Solar Loan, all agreements and documents ancillary to the Solar Loan Agreement associated with such Solar Loan, which are entered into with an Obligor in connection therewith.

"Anticipated Repayment Date" means the Payment Date occurring in August 2029.

"Applicable Law" means all applicable laws of any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, laws relating to consumer finance and protection and any ordinances, judgments, decrees, injunctions, writs and orders or like actions of any Governmental Authority

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and rules and regulations of any federal, regional, state, county, municipal or other Governmental Authority.

"Applicable Procedures" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.08(a) of the Indenture.

"Authorized Officer" means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman, Co-Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, any Assistant Vice President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer or any other authorized officer of the Person who is authorized to act for the Person and whose name appears on a list of such authorized officers furnished by the Person to the Indenture Trustee (containing the specimen signature of such officers), as such list may be amended or supplemented from time to time.

"Available Funds" means (i) all collections with respect to the Solar Loans (including net recoveries on Defaulted Solar Loans not repurchased and Insurance Proceeds received) deposited in or transferred to the Collection Account with respect to the related Collection Period, (ii) all amounts received from the Depositor upon its repurchase of Solar Loans during or with respect to the related Collection Period or from the Performance Guarantor pursuant to the Performance Guaranty to the extent deposited in the Collection Account, (iii) all amounts received as investment earnings on balances in the Collection Account, the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account during the related Collection Period, (iv) amounts transferred to the Collection Account from the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account or the Obligor Security Deposit Account, (v) if a Voluntary Prepayment Date is the same date as a Payment Date, amounts received in connection with a Voluntary Prepayment, in each case on deposit in the Collection Account and (vi) any Permitted Equity Cure Amount; provided, however, that any amounts due during a Collection Period but deposited into the Collection Account within ten Business Days after the end of such Collection Period may, at the Servicer's option upon notice to the Indenture Trustee, be treated as if such amounts were on deposit in the Collection Account as of the end of such prior Collection Period and if so treated, such amounts shall not be considered Available Funds for any other Payment Date. For the avoidance of doubt, Obligor Security Deposits on deposit in the Obligor Security Deposit Account (and not transferred to the Collection Account) and amounts received relating to Grid Services are not Available Funds.

"Backup Servicer" means Wilmington Trust in its capacity as the Backup Servicer under the Servicing Agreement.

"Backup Servicer Expenses" means (i) any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred in taking any actions required in its role as Backup Servicer and (ii) any indemnities owed to the Backup Servicer in accordance with the Servicing Agreement.

"Backup Servicing and Transition Manager Fee" means on each Payment Date (in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments), an amount equal to $[***].

"Bankruptcy Code" means the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. Section 101, et seq., as amended.

"Benefit Plan Investor" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.07(c)(vi) of the Indenture.

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"Book-Entry Notes" means a beneficial interest in the Notes, ownership and transfers of which shall be made through book entries by a Securities Depository as described in Section 2.02 of the Indenture.

"Business Day" means any day other than (i) a Saturday or Sunday, or (ii) a day on which banking institutions in New York City, the cities in which the Servicer is located, the city in which the Custodian administers the Custodial Agreement or the city in which the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee is located are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to be closed.

"Calculation Date" means, with respect to a Payment Date, unless the context requires otherwise, the close of business on the last day of the related Collection Period.

"Certifications" has the meaning set forth in Section 4(d) of the Custodial Agreement.

"Class" means all of the Notes of a series having the same Rated Final Maturity, interest rate, priority of payments and designation.

"Class A Notes" means the 5.00% Class A Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B issued pursuant to the Indenture.

"Class B Notes" means the 6.00% Class B Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B issued pursuant to the Indenture.

"Clearstream" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a) of the Indenture.

"Closing Date" means the date on which the conditions set forth in Section 6 of the Note Purchase Agreement are satisfied and the Notes are issued, which date shall be August 17, 2022.

"Closing Date Certification" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a) of the Custodial Agreement.

"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor or amendatory statutes.

"Collection Account" means the segregated trust account with that name established with the Indenture Trustee (or such successor bank, if applicable) in the name of the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the Noteholders and maintained pursuant to Section 5.01 of the Indenture.

"Collection Period" means, with respect to each Payment Date, the immediately preceding calendar month; provided, however, the Collection Period for the initial Payment Date shall be the period from the Cut-Off Date to and including the last day of the calendar month prior to the initial Payment Date.

"Consumer Protection Law" means all Applicable Laws and implementing regulations protecting the rights of consumers, including but not limited to those Applicable Laws enforced or administered by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Federal Trade Commission, and any other federal or state Governmental Authority (such as, by way of example, the California Department of Consumer Affairs) empowered with similar responsibilities.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Contribution Agreement" means the Sale and Contribution Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, LLC, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Depositor and the Issuer.

"Controlling Class" means the Class A Notes until the Outstanding Note Balance thereof has been reduced to zero, and then the Class B Notes.

"Conveyed Property" has the meaning set forth in the Contribution Agreement.

"Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Indenture Trustee at which its corporate trust business shall be administered, which office on the Closing Date shall be for note transfer purposes and for purposes of presentment and surrender of the Notes for the final distributions thereon, as well as for all other purposes, Wilmington Trust, National Association, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, or such other address as shall be designated by the Indenture Trustee in a written notice to the Issuer and the Servicer.

"Cumulative Default Level" means, for any Determination Date, the quotient (expressed as a percentage) of (i) (A) the aggregate Solar Loan Balances of all Solar Loans that became Defaulted Solar Loans since the Closing Date (other than Defaulted Solar Loans for which the Originator has exercised its option to repurchase or substitute for Defaulted Solar Loans), minus (B) any net liquidation proceeds received in respect of Defaulted Solar Loans for which the Originator did not exercise its option to repurchase or substitute since the Closing Date, divided by (ii) the Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance.

"Custodial Agreement" means that certain custodial agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, among the Custodian, the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer.

"Custodian" means U.S. Bank as custodian of the Custodian Files pursuant to the terms of the Custodial Agreement, and its permitted successors and assigns.

"Custodian Fee" means, for each Payment Date (in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments) an amount equal to $[***].

"Custodian File" means (i) either (a) for Solar Loan Agreements not held in an Electronic Vault, a PDF copy of the related Solar Loan Agreement signed by an Obligor, including any amendments thereto, or (b) the single authoritative copy of an electronic Solar Loan Agreement signed by an Obligor, including any amendments thereto, provided for both clauses (a) and (b) that if an amendment to a Solar Loan Agreement is not fully signed, the Custodian File shall only be deemed to contain such Solar Loan Agreement without giving effect to such amendment, (ii) regulatory disclosure statements to the applicable Solar Loan required by Consumer Protection Law, if any, (iii) to the extent not incorporated within the related Solar Loan Agreement, a fully executed copy of the related Production Guaranty and/or Customer Warranty Agreement, if any, (iv) a signed electronic copy of the related Interconnection Agreement to which Sunnova Energy is a party, if any, (v) an executed copy of the related Net Metering Agreement to which Sunnova Energy is a party, if separate from the Interconnection Agreement, (vi) documents evidencing Permits to operate the related PV System, if any, (vii) all customer information with respect to ACH payments, if any, and (viii) any other documents the Manager routinely keeps on file, in accordance with its customary procedures, relating to such Solar Loan or the related Obligor, which may include documents evidencing permission to operate a PV System from the related

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utility, or Governmental Authority, as applicable, or rebates, if any. For purposes of clause (i) of this definition "signed by an Obligor" does not require the signature of any co-owner.

"Customer Collections Policy" means the Servicer's internal collection policy attached as Exhibit G to the Servicing Agreement.

"Customer Warranty Agreement" means (i) with respect to a PV System, any separate warranty agreement provided by Sunnova Energy to an Obligor (which may be an exhibit to a Solar Loan Agreement) in connection with the performance and installation of the related PV System and/or Energy Storage System (which, in the case of a PV System, may include a Production Guaranty) and (ii) with respect to an Energy Storage System, any separate warranty agreement provided by Sunnova Energy to an Obligor pursuant to which Sunnova Energy or its agents have agreed to repair or replace an Energy Storage System in accordance with the terms of the Manufacturer's Warranty attached to such agreement.

"Cut-Off Date" means the Initial Cut-Off Date or each Subsequent Cut-Off Date.

"Cut-Off Date Solar Loan Balance" means, for a Solar Loan, the outstanding principal balance due under or in respect of such Solar Loan as of the related Cut-Off Date.

"Dealer" means a third party with whom the Originator or any of its affiliates contracts to source potential customers and to design, install and service PV Systems and/or Energy Storage Systems.

"Dealer Warranty" means a Dealer's workmanship warranty under which the Dealer is obligated, at its sole cost and expense, to correct defects in its installation work for a period of at least ten years and provide a roof warranty of at least five years, in each case, from the date of installation.

"Default" means any event which results, or which with the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both would result, in an Event of Default, a Manager Termination Event or a Servicer Termination Event.

"Defaulted Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan for which (i) the related Obligor is more than one hundred eighty (180) days past due from the original due date on 10% or more of a contractual payment due under the related Solar Loan, (ii) an Insolvency Event has occurred with respect to an Obligor, (iii) the related PV System or Energy Storage System has been turned off due to an Obligor delinquency under the related Solar Loan Agreement or repossessed by the Servicer or Manager, or (iv) the Servicer has determined that all or any portion of the Solar Loan has been, in accordance with the Customer Credit and Collection Policy, placed on a "non-accrual" status or is "non-collectible", a charge-off has been taken or any or all of the principal amount due under such Solar Loan has been reduced or forgiven.

"Defective Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan with respect to which it is determined by the Indenture Trustee (acting at the written direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class) or the Manager, at any time, that Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX or the Depositor breached one or more of the applicable representations or warranties regarding eligibility of such Solar Loan contained in Exhibit A to the Contribution Agreement as of the related Cut-Off Date (or as of the Closing Date or related Transfer Date, as so provided in Exhibit A to the Contribution Agreement), which breach has a material adverse effect on the Noteholders and has not been cured within the applicable grace period or waived, in writing, by

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the Indenture Trustee, acting at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class.

"Deferred Interest Amount" means with respect to a Class of Notes, an amount equal to the sum of (i) interest accrued during the related Interest Accrual Period at the applicable Note Rate on any unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts applied to such Class of Notes prior to such Payment Date and (ii) any unpaid Deferred Interest Amounts from prior Payment Dates, plus interest thereon at the applicable Note Rate, to the extent permitted by law.

"DeferredPost-ARD Additional Interest Amounts" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03(c) of the Indenture.

"Definitive Notes" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(c) of the Indenture.

"Delinquent Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan for which (i) the related Obligor is more than sixty (60) days past due from the original due date on 10% or more of a contractual payment due under the related Solar Loan.

"Delivery" when used with respect to Account Property means:

    (i)(A)    with respect to bankers' acceptances, commercial paper, negotiable certificates of deposit and other obligations that constitute "instruments" within the meaning of Section 9-102(a)(47) of the UCC, transfer thereof:

    (1)    by physical delivery to the Indenture Trustee, indorsed to, or registered in the name of, the Indenture Trustee or its nominee or indorsed in blank;

    (2)    by the Indenture Trustee continuously maintaining possession of such instrument; and

    (3)    by the Indenture Trustee continuously indicating by book-entry that such instrument is credited to the related Account;

    (B)    with respect to a "certificated security" (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(4) of the UCC), transfer thereof:

    (1)    by physical delivery of such certificated security to the Indenture Trustee, provided that if the certificated security is in registered form, it shall be indorsed to, or registered in the name of, the Indenture Trustee or indorsed in blank;

    (2)    by the Indenture Trustee continuously maintaining possession of such certificated security; and

    (3)    by the Indenture Trustee continuously indicating by book-entry that such certificated security is credited to the related Account;

    (C)    with respect to any security issued by the U.S. Treasury, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Federal National Mortgage Association that is a book-entry security held through the Federal Reserve System pursuant to Federal book entry

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regulations, the following procedures, all in accordance with Applicable Law, including applicable federal regulations and Articles 8 and 9 of the UCC, transfer thereof:

    (1)    by (x) book-entry registration of such property to an appropriate book-entry account maintained with a Federal Reserve Bank by a securities intermediary which is also a "depositary" pursuant to applicable federal regulations and issuance by such securities intermediary of a deposit advice or other written confirmation of such book-entry registration to the Indenture Trustee of the purchase by the securities intermediary on behalf of the Indenture Trustee of such book-entry security; the making by such securities intermediary of entries in its books and records identifying such book-entry security held through the Federal Reserve System pursuant to Federal book-entry regulations as belonging to the Indenture Trustee and continuously indicating that such securities intermediary holds such book-entry security solely as agent for the Indenture Trustee or (y) continuous book-entry registration of such property to a book-entry account maintained by the Indenture Trustee with a Federal Reserve Bank; and

    (2)    by the Indenture Trustee continuously indicating by book-entry that property is credited to the related Account;

    (D)    with respect to any asset in the Accounts that is an "uncertificated security" (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(18) of the UCC) and that is not governed by clause (C) above or clause (E) below:

    (1)    transfer thereof:

    (a)    by registration to the Indenture Trustee as the registered owner thereof, on the books and records of the issuer thereof; or

    (b)    by another Person (not a securities intermediary) who either becomes the registered owner of the uncertificated security on behalf of the Indenture Trustee, or having become the registered owner, acknowledges that it holds for the Indenture Trustee; or

    (2)    the issuer thereof has agreed that it will comply with instructions originated by the Indenture Trustee with respect to such uncertificated security without further consent of the registered owner thereof; or

    (E)    in the case of each security in the custody of or maintained on the books of a clearing corporation (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(5) of the UCC) or its nominee, by causing:

    (1)    the relevant clearing corporation to credit such security to a securities account of the Indenture Trustee at such clearing corporation; and

    (2)    the Indenture Trustee to continuously indicate by book-entry that such security is credited to the related Account;

    (F)    with respect to a "security entitlement" (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(17) of the UCC) to be transferred to or for the benefit of a collateral agent and not governed by clauses (C) or (E) above: if a securities intermediary (1) indicates by book entry that

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

the underlying "financial asset" (as defined in Section 8-102(a)(9) of the UCC) has been credited to be the Indenture Trustee's "securities account" (as defined in Section 8-501(a) of the UCC), (2) receives a financial asset from the Indenture Trustee or acquires the underlying financial asset for the Indenture Trustee, and in either case, accepts it for credit to the Indenture Trustee's securities account or (3) becomes obligated under other law, regulation or rule to credit the underlying financial asset to the Indenture Trustee's securities account, the making by the securities intermediary of entries on its books and records continuously identifying such security entitlement as belonging to the Indenture Trustee; and continuously indicating by book-entry that such securities entitlement is credited to the Indenture Trustee's securities account; and by the Indenture Trustee continuously indicating by book-entry that such security entitlement (or all rights and property of the Indenture Trustee representing such securities entitlement) is credited to the related Account; and/or

    (ii)    In the case of any such asset, such additional or alternative procedures as are now or may hereafter become appropriate to effect the complete transfer of ownership of, or control over, any such assets in the Accounts to the Indenture Trustee free and clear of any adverse claims, consistent with changes in Applicable Law or the interpretation thereof.

In each case of Delivery contemplated by the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall make appropriate notations on its records, and shall cause the same to be made on the records of its nominees, indicating that securities are held in trust pursuant to and as provided in the Indenture.

"Delivery of Custodian Files" means, with respect to documents in PDF Form, actual receipt by the Custodian of the Custodian Files via electronic transmission, and, with respect to documents in Electronic Form, delivery of Custodian Files through the Electronic System and actual receipt of such Custodian Files within that portion of the Custodian's Electronic Vault partitioned and dedicated to the Issuer, and in all cases, the actual receipt by the Custodian of the Schedule of Solar Loans relating to Custodian Files so delivered at its designated office.

"Depositor" means Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

"Depositor Financing Statement" means a UCC-1 financing statement naming the Issuer as the secured party and the Depositor as debtor.

"Determination Date" means, with respect to any Payment Date, the close of business on the third Business Day prior to such Payment Date.

"DTC" means The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation and its successors and assigns.

"Due Date" means each date on which any payment is due on a solar loan in accordance with its terms.

"Easy Own Plan Equipment Purchase Agreement" means a Solar Loan Agreement pursuant to which the related Obligor purchases a PV System from a Dealer using financing provided by Sunnova Energy and for which the related Obligor is not required to make interest payments on the portion of the Solar Loan Balance equal to the related Section 25D Credit

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Amount until a scheduled prepayment date, typically 18 months from the date on which the related PV System achieves PTO.

"Easy Own Plan Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan governed by an Easy Own Plan Equipment Purchase Agreement or a SunSafe Easy Own Plan Equipment Purchase Agreement.

"Electronic Form" means a document delivered and maintained in electronic form via the Electronic System.

"Electronic System" means the system provided and operated by eOriginal, or such other electronic document storage provider as may be mutually agreed upon by the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Custodian, that enables electronic contracting and the transfer of documents maintained in Electronic Form into Physical Form.

"Electronic Vault" means the electronic "vault" created and maintained by eOriginal in order to store documents in Electronic Form pursuant to an agreement between the Custodian and eOriginal, or any other such electronic "vault" maintained by a provider mutually agreed upon by the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Custodian, in which the Issuer's electronic original documents reside.

"Electronic Vault Agreement" means the agreement relating to the Electronic Vault between U.S. Bank National Association and the entity that operates and maintains the Electronic Vault.

"Eligible Account" means either (i) a segregated account or accounts maintained with an institution whose deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the unsecured and uncollateralized long-term debt obligations of which institution shall be rated investment grade or higher by S&P and Fitch and the short-term debt obligations of which are at least investment grade by S&P and Fitch, and which is (A) a federal savings and loan association duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the federal banking laws, (B) an institution duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the applicable banking laws of any State, (C) a national banking association duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the federal banking laws or (D) a subsidiary of a bank holding company, and as to which the Rating Agencies have indicated that the use of such account shall not cause the withdrawal of its rating on any Notes, (ii) a segregated trust account or accounts maintained with the trust department of a federal or State chartered depository institution, having capital and surplus of not less than $[***], acting in its fiduciary capacity, and acceptable to the Rating Agencies or (iii) with respect to the Obligor Security Deposit Account, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

"Eligible Institution" means (i) the corporate trust department of the Indenture Trustee or (ii) a depository institution or trust company organized under the laws of the United States of America or any one of the States thereof, or the District of Columbia (or any domestic branch of a foreign bank), which at all times (A) has either (1) a long-term unsecured debt rating of "[***]" or better by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch, or such other rating that is acceptable to each Rating Agency, as evidenced by a letter from each Rating Agency to the Indenture Trustee or (2) a certificate of deposit rating of "[***]" by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch, or such other rating that is acceptable to each Rating Agency, as evidenced by a letter from each Rating Agency to the Indenture Trustee and (B) whose deposits are insured by the FDIC.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Eligible Investments" means any one or more of the following obligations or securities:

    (i)    (A) direct interest-bearing obligations of, and interest-bearing obligations guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by, the United States or any agency or instrumentality of the United States the obligations of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States; (B) direct interest-bearing obligations of, and interest-bearing obligations guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by, the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, but only if, at the time of investment, such obligations are assigned the highest credit rating by S&P and Fitch; and (C) evidence of ownership of a proportionate interest in specified obligations described in (A) and/or (B) above;

    (ii)    demand, time deposits, money market deposit accounts, certificates of deposit of, and federal funds sold by, depository institutions or trust companies (including the Indenture Trustee acting in its commercial capacity) incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof (or domestic branches of foreign banks), subject to supervision and examination by federal or state banking or depository institution authorities, and having, at the time of the Issuer's investment or contractual commitment to invest therein, a short term unsecured debt rating of "[***]" by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch, or such lower rating as will not result in the downgrading, qualification or withdrawal of the rating on any Note by the Rating Agencies;

    (iii)    securities bearing interest or sold at a discount issued by any corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof which have a rating of no less than "[***]" by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch and a maturity of no more than 365 days;

    (iv)    commercial paper (including both non-interest bearing discount obligations and interest-bearing obligations payable on demand or on a specified date not more than one year after the closing date thereof) of any corporation (other than the Issuer, but including the Indenture Trustee, acting in its commercial capacity), incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof, that, at the time of the investment or contractual commitment to invest therein, a rating of "[***]" by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch, or such lower rating as will not result in the downgrading, qualification or withdrawal of the rating on any Note by the Rating Agencies;

    (v)    money market mutual funds, including, without limitation, those of the Indenture Trustee or any Affiliate thereof, or any other mutual funds registered under the 1940 Act which invest only in other Eligible Investments, having a rating, at the time of such investment, in the highest rating category by S&P and Fitch, including any fund for which the Indenture Trustee or an Affiliate thereof serves as an investment advisor, administrator, shareholder servicing agent, and/or custodian or subcustodian, notwithstanding that (A) the Indenture Trustee or an affiliate thereof, charges and collects fees and expenses from such funds for services rendered, (B) the Indenture Trustee or an affiliate thereof, charges and collects fees and expenses for services rendered under the Transaction Documents and (C) services performed for such funds and pursuant to the Transaction Documents may converge at any time;

    (vi)    any investment approved in writing by the Issuer, and with respect to which the Issuer provides written evidence that such investment will not result in a

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

downgrading, qualification or withdrawal of the rating on any Note by the Rating Agencies;

    (vii)    repurchase agreements with respect to obligations of, or guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof when such obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America; provided, however, that the unsecured obligations of the party agreeing to repurchase such obligations at the time have a credit rating of no less than [***] by S&P and [***]" or "[***]" by Fitch; and

    (viii)    any investment agreement (including guaranteed investment certificates, forward delivery agreements, repurchase agreements or similar obligations) with an entity which on the date of acquisition has a credit rating of no less than [***] by S&P and "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch.

The Indenture Trustee, or an Affiliate thereof may charge and collect such fees from such funds as are collected customarily for services rendered to such funds (but not to exceed investments earnings thereon).

The Indenture Trustee may purchase from or sell to itself or an Affiliate, as principal or agent, the Eligible Investments listed above. All Eligible Investments in an Account shall be made in the name of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders.

"Eligible Letter of Credit Bank" means a financial institution having total assets in excess of $[***] and with a long term rating of at least "[***]" by S&P and at least "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch and a short term rating of at least "[***]" by S&P and at least "[***]" or "[***]" by Fitch. If the issuer of the Letter of Credit fails to be an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank on any date, the Indenture Trustee will be required, upon written direction of the Issuer, the Manager or the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class, to draw on the full amount of the Letter of Credit and deposit the proceeds into the Reserve Account or Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, as applicable.

"Eligible Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan meeting, as of the related Cut-Off Date (or as of the Closing Date or related Transfer Date where so provided), all of the requirements set forth in Exhibit A of the Contribution Agreement.

"Energy Efficiency Upgrades" means energy efficiency upgrades offered to Obligors in connection with Solar Loan Agreements, including thermostats, LED or other energy efficient light bulbs, showerheads, power strips, faucet aerators, staircase covers, blown attic insulation, water heater insulation and attic baffles.

"Energy Storage System" means an energy storage system capable of delivering electricity to the location where installed without regard to connection to or operability of the electric grid in such location and to be used in connection with a PV System, including all equipment related thereto (including any battery management system, wiring, conduits and any replacement or additional parts included from time to time).

"Engagement Letter" means the engagement letter, dated as of June 3, 2021 by and between Sunnova Energy and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"eOriginal" means eOriginal, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its successors in interest or such other electronic document storage provider as may be mutually agreed upon by the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee (acting at the direction of the Majority Noteholders of the Controlling Class) and the Custodian.

"Equipment Replacement Reserve Account" means the segregated trust account with that name established and maintained with the Indenture Trustee and in the name of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders and maintained pursuant to Section 5.01 of the Indenture.

"Equipment Replacement Reserve Deposit" means an amount equal to (i) prior to the Anticipated Repayment Date, $[***] and (ii) on or after the Anticipated Repayment Date, the lesser of (a) the sum of: (1) the product of (A) one-twelfth of $[***] and (B) the aggregate DC nameplate capacity (measured in kW) of all the PV Systems related to the Solar Loans owned by the Issuer (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans in respect of PV Systems related to PV Solar Loans or PV/ESS Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed) on the related Determination Date and (2) the product of (A) one-twelfth of $[***] and (B) the aggregate storage capacity (measured in kWh) of the batteries included in Energy Storage Systems related to Solar Loans owned by the Issuer (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans in respect of Energy Storage Systems related to PV/ESS Solar Loans or ESS Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed) on the related Determination Date; and (b) (1) the Equipment Replacement Reserve Required Balance as of the related Determination Date, minus (2) the amount on deposit in the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account as of the related Determination Date, provided that the Equipment Replacement Reserve Deposit shall not be less than $[***].

"Equipment Replacement Reserve Required Balance" means an amount equal to the sum of (a) the product of (1) $[***] and (2) the aggregate DC nameplate capacity (measured in kW) of all PV Systems related to the Solar Loans owned by the Issuer (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans in respect of PV Systems related to PV Solar Loans or PV/ESS Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed) on the related Determination Date that have related Solar Loan Agreements with remaining terms that exceed the remaining terms of the related Manufacturer Warranty for the Inverter associated with such PV System and (b) the product of (1) $[***] and (2) the aggregate storage capacity (measured in kWh) of the batteries included in Energy Storage Systems related to Solar Loans owned by the Issuer (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans in respect of Energy Storage Systems related to PV/ESS Solar Loans or ESS Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed) on the related Determination Date that have related Solar Loan Agreements with remaining terms that exceed the remaining terms of the related Manufacturer Warranty for such Energy Storage System.

"ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended or supplemented.

"ESIGN Act" means the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, as such act may be amended or supplemented from time to time.

"ESS Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan used solely to finance the acquisition and installation of an Energy Storage System, and, if applicable, related Ancillary PV System Components.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"EU Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements" means Articles 5, 6 and 7 of the EU Securitization Regulation.

"EU Securitization Regulation" means Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 12, 2017, as amended.

"Euroclear" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a) of the Indenture.

"EUWA" means the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as amended.

"Event of Default" has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01 of the Indenture.

"Event of Loss" means, with respect to a PV System or Energy Storage System, a loss that is deemed to have occurred with respect to a PV System or Energy Storage System if such PV System or Energy Storage System, as applicable, is damaged or destroyed by fire, theft or other casualty and such PV System or Energy Storage System, as applicable, has become inoperable because of such events.

"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

"Extra Principal Distribution Amount" means, on any Payment Date, an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the amount by which Available Funds exceed the amount required to be distributed on such Payment Date pursuant to clauses (i) through (viii) of the Priority of Payments and (ii) the Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount on such Payment Date.

"FATCA" means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code, any intergovernmental agreements entered into in connection with any of the foregoing and any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any such intergovernmental agreement, and any amendments made to any of the foregoing after the date of this Indenture.

"FATCA Withholding Tax" means any withholding or deduction made pursuant to FATCA in respect of any payment.

"Financing Statements" means, collectively, the Sunnova Intermediate Holdings Financing Statement, the Sunnova ABS Holdings IX Financing Statement, the Depositor Financing Statement and the Issuer Financing Statement.

"Fitch" means Fitch Ratings, Inc. and its successors and assigns.

"Force Majeure Event" means any event or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of and without the fault or negligence of the Person claiming Force Majeure. It shall include, without limitation, failure or interruption of the production, delivery or acceptance of electricity due to: an act of god; war (declared or undeclared); sabotage; riot; insurrection; civil unrest or disturbance; military or guerilla action; terrorism; economic sanction or embargo; civil strike, work stoppage, slow-down, or lock-out; explosion; fire; epidemic; pandemic; earthquake; abnormal weather condition or actions of the elements; hurricane; flood; lightning; wind; drought; the binding order of any Governmental Authority (provided that such order has been resisted in good faith by all reasonable legal means); the failure to act on the part of any Governmental Authority (provided that such action has been timely requested and diligently pursued); unavailability of electricity from the utility grid, equipment, supplies or products (but

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

not to the extent that any such availability of any of the foregoing results from the failure of the Person claiming Force Majeure to have exercised reasonable diligence); and failure of equipment not utilized by or under the control of the Person claiming Force Majeure.

"GAAP" means (i) generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect from time to time, consistently applied and (ii) upon mutual agreement of the parties, internationally recognized generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

"Global Notes" means, individually and collectively, the Regulation S Temporary Global Note, the Regulation S Permanent Global Note and the Rule 144A Global Note.

"Governmental Authority" means any national, State or local government (whether domestic or foreign), any political subdivision thereof or any other governmental, quasi-governmental, judicial, public or statutory instrumentality, authority, body, agency, bureau or entity, (including any zoning authority, the Federal Regulatory Energy Commission, the relevant State commissions, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Comptroller of the Currency or the Federal Reserve Board, any central bank or any comparable authority) or any arbitrator with authority to bind a party at law.

"Grid Services" means any grid services (including, but not limited to, resource adequacy, operating reserves, and load relief), energy services (including, but not limited to, demand reduction, energy injection, and energy consumption) and ancillary services (including, but not limited to, primary and secondary frequency response, frequency regulation, and voltage support); provided, however, that Grid Services shall not include the sale of energy to an Obligor pursuant to any Solar Loan Agreement.

"Grant" means to pledge, create and grant a Lien on and with regard to property. A Grant of a Solar Loan or of any other instrument shall include all rights, powers and options of the granting party thereunder, including without limitation the immediate and continuing right to claim for, collect, receive and give receipts for principal and interest payments in respect of such collateral and all other moneys payable thereunder, to give and receive notices and other communications, to make waivers or other agreements, to exercise all rights and options, to bring proceedings in the name of the granting party or otherwise, and generally to do and receive anything which the granting party is or may be entitled to do or receive thereunder or with respect thereto.

"Highest Lawful Rate" has the meaning set forth in the Contribution Agreement.

"Holder" means a Noteholder.

"Indenture" means the indenturebetween the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee, dated as of the Closing Date, as supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental thereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions thereof.

"Indenture Trustee" means Wilmington Trust, until a successor Person shall have become the Indenture Trustee pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Indenture, and thereafter "Indenture Trustee" means such successor Person in its capacity as indenture trustee.

"Indenture Trustee Fee" means, for each Payment Date (in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments) an amount equal to $[***].

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Independent Accountant" means a nationally recognized firm of public accountants selected by the Servicer; provided, that such firm is independent with respect to the Servicer within the meaning of the Securities Act.

"Initial Cut-Off Date" means June 30, 2022.

"Initial Outstanding Note Balance" means for the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes, $178,000,000 and $49,700,000, respectively.

"Initial Purchaser" means Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and its successors and assigns.

"Initial Solar Loans" means the Solar Loans identified on the Schedule of Solar Loans conveyed to the Issuer on the Closing Date.

"Insolvency Event" means, with respect to a specified person, (a) the filing of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of such person or any substantial part of its property in an involuntary case under the bankruptcy code or any other applicable insolvency law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official for such person or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of such person's affairs, and such decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of sixty (60) days; or (b) the commencement by such person of a voluntary case under any applicable insolvency law now or hereafter in effect, or the consent by such person to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or the consent by such person to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official for such person or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by such person of any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure by such person generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of action by such person in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

"Insurance Policy" means, with respect to any PV System and/or Solar Energy System, any insurance policy benefiting the Manager or the owner of such PV System and/or Solar Energy System and providing coverage for loss or physical damage, credit life, credit disability, theft, mechanical breakdown, gap or similar coverage with respect to such PV System and/or Solar Energy System or the related Obligor.

"Insurance Proceeds" means any funds, moneys or other net proceeds received by the Issuer as the payee in connection with the physical loss or damage to a PV System and/or Energy Storage System, a loss of revenue associated with a PV System and/or Energy Storage System or any other insurable event, including any incident that will be covered by the insurance coverage paid for and maintained by the Manager on the Issuer's behalf.

"Interconnection Agreement" means, with respect to a PV System, a contractual obligation between a utility and an Obligor that allows the Obligor to interconnect such PV System and, if applicable, any related Energy Storage System to the utility electrical grid.

"Interest Accrual Period" means for any Payment Date, the period from and including the immediately preceding Payment Date to but excluding such Payment Date and in each case will be deemed to be a period of 30 days, except that the Interest Accrual Period for the first Payment

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Date shall be the number of days (assuming twelve 30-day months) from and including the Closing Date to, but excluding, the first Payment Date.

"Interest Distribution Amount" means with respect to each Class of Notes and any Payment Date, an amount equal to the sum of (a) interest accrued during the related Interest Accrual Period at the related Note Rate on the Outstanding Note Balance of such Class of Notes immediately prior to such Payment Date and (b) the amount of unpaid Interest Distribution Amount for such Class of Notes from prior Payment Dates plus, to the extent permitted by law, interest thereon at the related Note Rate.

"Inverter" means, with respect to a PV System, the necessary device(s) required to convert the variable direct electrical current (DC) output from a Solar PhotovoltaicPanel into a utility frequency alternating electrical current (AC) that can be used by an Obligor's home or property, or that can be fed back into a utility electrical grid pursuant to an Interconnection Agreement.

"Issuer" means Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

"Issuer Financing Statement" means a UCC-1 financing statement naming the Indenture Trustee as the secured party and the Issuer as the debtor.

"Issuer Operating Agreement" means that certain Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Issuer dated August 17, 2022.

"Issuer Order" means a written order or request signed in the name of the Issuer by an Authorized Officer and delivered to the Indenture Trustee.

"Issuer Secured Obligations" means all amounts and obligations which the Issuer may at any time owe to or on behalf of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders under the Indenture or the Notes.

"KBRA" means Kroll Bond Rating Agency, LLC, and its successors and assigns.

"Lien" means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, charge, security interest, easement or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected or effective under Applicable Law.

"Letter of Credit" means any letter of credit issued by an Eligible Letter of Credit Bank and provided by the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee in lieu of or in substitution for moneys otherwise required to be deposited in the Reserve Account or the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, as applicable, which Letter of Credit is to be as held an asset of the Reserve Account or the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account, as applicable.

"Lockbox Account" means that certain account established at the Lockbox Bank and maintained in the name of the Issuer (subject to an Account Control Agreement) and to which the Servicer has instructed all Obligors to direct any and all payments required to be made pursuant to the related Solar Loan Agreement or in connection with the related Solar Loan.

"Lockbox Account Retained Balance" means the amount as set forth in the Account Control Agreement for the payment of Lockbox Bank Fees and Charges.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Lockbox Bank" means J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, National Association.

"Lockbox Bank Fees and Charges" mean those debits from the Lockbox Account expressly permitted under the Account Control Agreement.

"Maintenance Log" has the meaning set forth in Exhibit A of the Management Agreement.

"Majority Noteholders" means Noteholders representing greater than 50% of the Outstanding Note Balance of, as the context shall require, a Class of Notes or all Classes of Notes if then Outstanding.

"Make Whole Amount" means, with respect to a Voluntary Prepayment of the Notes prior to the Make Whole Determination Date, for any Class of Notes being prepaid is an amount (not less than zero) equal to: the product of (i) the portion of such Class of Notes being prepaid and (ii)(a) if such Voluntary Prepayment occurs prior to the third anniversary of the Closing Date, 3.00%, (b) if such Voluntary Prepayment occurs on or after the third anniversary of the Closing Date but prior to the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date, 2.00% and (c) if such Voluntary Prepayment occurs on or after the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date but prior to the Make Whole Determination Date, 1.00%.

"Make Whole Determination Date" means the Payment Date occurring in August 2027.

"Management Agreement" means that certain management agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among the Manager, Transition Manager and the Issuer.

"Management Services" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of the Management Agreement.

"Management Standard" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of the Management Agreement.

"Manager"means Sunnova Management as the initial Manager or any other Replacement Manager acting as Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, "Manager" also refers to any successor Manager appointed pursuant to the Management Agreement.

"Manager Extraordinary Expenses" means (a) extraordinary expenses incurred by the Manager in accordance with the Management Standard in connection with (i) its performance of maintenance and operations services on a PV System or Energy Storage System on an emergency basis in order to prevent serious injury, loss or damage to persons or property (including any injury, loss or damage to a PV System or Energy Storage System caused by the Obligor), (ii) any litigation, arbitration or enforcement proceedings pursued by the Manager in respect of Manufacturer Warranties or Dealer Warranties, (iii) any litigation, arbitration or enforcement proceeding pursued by the Manager in respect of a Solar Loan Agreement, or (iv) the replacement of Inverters or Energy Storage Systems (or components thereof) that do not have the benefit of a Manufacturer Warranty or Dealer Warranty, to the extent not reimbursed from the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account; (b) to the extent (i) a PV System or Energy Storage System suffers an Event of Loss, (ii) Insurance Proceeds are reduced by any applicable deductible and (iii) the Manager incurs costs related to the repair, restoration, replacement or rebuilding of such PV System or Energy Storage System in excess of the Insurance Proceeds that

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

the Manager receives, an amount equal to the lesser of such excess and the applicable deductible; and (c) all fees, expenses and other amounts that are paid by the Manager on behalf of the Issuer and incurred in connection with the operation or maintenance of the Solar Loans or the Transaction Documents, including (i) fees, expenses and other amounts paid to attorneys, accountants and other consultants and experts retained by the Issuer and (ii) any sales, use, franchise or property taxes that the Manager pays on behalf of the Issuer.

"Manager Fee" means for each Payment Date (in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments) an amount equal to the product of (i) one-twelfth of the O&M Fee Base Rate and (ii) the sum of (1) the aggregate DC nameplate capacity (measured in kW) of all PV Systems related to the Solar Loans owned by the Issuer as of the first day of the related Collection Period (excluding PV Systems related to Defaulted Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed, repaired or replaced) and (2) 8.167 kW multiplied by the number of ESS Solar Loans owned by the Issuer as of the first day of the related Collection Period (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans for which the related Energy Storage System is not operational and not in the process of being removed, repaired or replaced).

"Manager Termination Event" has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1 of the Management Agreement.

"Manufacturer Warranty" means any warranty given by a manufacturer of a PV System or Energy Storage System relating to such PV System or Energy Storage System or, in each case any part or component thereof.

"Material Adverse Effect" means, with respect to any Person, any event or circumstance, individually or in the aggregate, having a material adverse effect on any of the following: (i) the business, property, operations or financial condition of such Person or the Trust Estate, (ii) the ability of such Person to perform its respective obligations under the Transaction Documents (including the obligation to make any payments) or (iii) the priority or enforceability of any Lien in favor of the Indenture Trustee.

"Merchant Processing Amounts" means amounts charged against all collected funds in the Lockbox Account by third party merchant processing service providers with respect to processing fees and Obligor chargebacks.

"Monthly Manager Report" means a report substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit D of the Management Agreement, delivered to the Servicer, the Backup Servicer and the Transition Manager by the Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement.

"Monthly Servicer Report" means a report substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit D of the Servicing Agreement, delivered to the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee, the Backup Servicer, the Rating Agencies and the Initial Purchaser by the Servicer pursuant to the Servicing Agreement.

"Net Metering Agreement" means, with respect to a PV System, as applicable, a contractual obligation between a utility and an Obligor that allows the Obligor to offset its regular utility electricity purchases by receiving a bill credit at a specified rate for energy generated by such PV System that is exported to the utility electrical grid and not consumed by the Obligor on its property. A Net Metering Agreement may be embedded or acknowledged in an Interconnection Agreement.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"New York UCC" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(g)(ii)(F) of the Indenture.

"Note" or "Notes" means, collectively, the 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A and the 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B, issued pursuant to the Indenture.

"Note Balance Write-Down Amount" means, as of any Payment Date, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance after taking into account all distributions of principal on such Payment Date over (ii) the Adjusted Aggregate Solar Loan Balance as of the last day of the related Collection Period.

"Note Depository Agreement" means the letter of representations dated the Closing Date, by the Issuer to DTC, as the initial Securities Depository, relating to the Book-Entry Notes.

"Note Owner" means, with respect to a Book-Entry Note, the Person who is the beneficial owner of such Book-Entry Note, as reflected on the books of the Securities Depository or on the books of a Person maintaining an account with such Securities Depository (directly as a Securities Depository Participant or as an indirect participant, in each case in accordance with the rules of such Securities Depository) or the Person who is the beneficial owner of such Book-Entry Note, as reflected in the Note Register in accordance with Section 2.07 of the Indenture.

"Note Purchase Agreement" means that certain note purchase agreement dated August 12, 2022, amongthe Issuer, the Depositor, Sunnova Energy and the Initial Purchaser.

"Note Rate" means for the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes, an annual rate of 5.00% and 6.00%, respectively.

"Note Register" and "Note Registrar" have the meanings set forth in Section 2.07 of the Indenture.

"Noteholder"means the Person in whose name a Note is registered in the Note Register.

"Noteholder FATCA Information" means information sufficient to eliminate the imposition of, or determine the amount of FATCA Withholding Tax.

"Noteholder Tax Identification Information" means properly completed, duly executed and valid tax certifications (generally, in the case of U.S. federal income tax, IRS Form W‑9 (or applicable successor form) in the case of a person that is a "United States person" within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or the appropriate IRS Form W‑8 (or applicable successor form) in the case of a person that is not a "United States person" within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code).

"Notice of Prepayment" means the notice in the form of Exhibit C to the Indenture.

"NRSRO" means a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

"Obligor" means a borrower under a Solar Loan Agreement.

"Obligor Security Deposit" means any security deposit that an Obligor must provide in accordance with such Obligor’s Solar Loan Agreement or Sunnova Energy's Transfer Policy.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Obligor Security Deposit Account" means the segregated trust account with that name established with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (or such successor bank, if applicable) in the name of the Originator and maintained pursuant to Section 5.01 of the Indenture.

"O&M Fee Base Rate" means $[***] and on each annual anniversary of the initial Determination Date will be increased by [***]%.

"Offering Circular" means that certain confidential offering circular dated August 12, 2022 related to the Notes.

"Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by an Authorized Officer or a Responsible Officer, as the case may be.

"Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel who may be outside counsel for the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee or other counsel and who shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee, which shall comply with any applicable requirements of Section 12.02 of the Indenture and which shall be in form and substance satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee.

"Ordinary Course of Business" means the ordinary conduct of business consistent with custom and practice for, as the context may require, the rooftop and ground mounted solar businesses (including with respect to quantity and frequency) of the Issuer and its Affiliates.

"Originator" means Sunnova Energy in its capacity as Originator.

"Outstanding" means, as of any date of determination, all Notes theretofore authenticated and delivered under the Indenture except:

    (i)    Notes theretofore canceled by the Note Registrar or delivered to the Note Registrar for cancellation;

    (ii)    Notes or portions thereof for whose payment money in the necessary amount in redemption thereof has been theretofore deposited with the Indenture Trustee in trust for the Holders of such Notes;

    (iii)    Notes in exchange for or in lieu of which other Notes have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the Indenture; and

    (iv)    Notes alleged to have been destroyed, lost or stolen for which replacement Notes have been issued as provided for in Section 2.09 of the Indenture unless proof satisfactory to the Indenture Trustee is presented that any such Notes are held by a bona fide purchaser;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Noteholders of the requisite percentage of the Outstanding Note Balance have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Notes owned by Sunnova Energy, the Issuer or an Affiliate thereof shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Indenture Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, or waiver, only Notes which the Indenture Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Notes so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Indenture Trustee, in

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

its sole discretion, the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Notes and that the pledgee is not Sunnova Energy, the Issuer or an Affiliate thereof.

"Outstanding Note Balance" means, with respect to any Class of Notes, as of any date of determination, the Initial Outstanding Note Balance of such Class of Notes, less (i) the sum of all principal payments (including any portion of Voluntary Prepayments attributable to principal payments) actually distributed to the Noteholders of such Class of Notes as of such date (other than in respect of reimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, if any) and (ii) all Note Balance Write-Down Amounts applied to such Class of Notes as of such date.

"Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount" means an amount on any Payment Date equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the Required Overcollateralization Amount on such Payment Date over (ii) the Pro Forma Overcollateralization Amount on such Payment Date, which in no event shall be less than zero.

"Overcollateralization Floor Percentage" means [***]%.

"Overcollateralization Release Amount" means an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the Pro Forma Overcollateralization Amount on such Payment Date over (b) the Required Overcollateralization Amount on such Payment Date; provided, that such amount will not exceed the amount of principal collected in respect of each Solar Loan during the related Collection Period (including principal in respect of prepayments of Solar Loans and Repurchase Prices or Substitution Shortfall Amounts paid in respect of Defaulted Solar Loans or Defective Solar Loans, if any, and without giving effect to any Merchant Processing Amounts debited from the Lockbox Account during the related Collection Period) for such Payment Date.

"Ownership Interest" means, with respect to any Note, any ownership interest in such Note, including any interest in such Note as the Noteholder thereof and any other interest therein, whether direct or indirect, legal or beneficial.

"Parts" means components of a PV System and/or Energy Storage System.

"Payment Date" means the 20th day of each calendar month during which any of the Notes remain Outstanding, beginning in September 2022; provided, however, that if any such day is not a Business Day, then the payments due thereon shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day.

"PDF Form" means those documents in "portable document format" delivered to the Custodian via electronic transmission.

"Percentage Interest" means, with respect to each Class of Notes and any date of determination, a percentage equal to the Outstanding Note Balance of such Class divided by the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance.

"Perfection UCCs" means, with respect to each Solar Loan and the property related thereto, (i) the date-stamped copy of the filed Sunnova Intermediate Holdings Financing Statement, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX Financing Statement and Depositor Financing Statement covering such Solar Loan and the related Conveyed Property and (ii) the date-stamped copy of the filed Issuer Financing Statement covering the Trust Estate and (iii) the date-stamped copy of the filed Termination Statements releasing the Liens held by creditors of Sunnova Energy, its Affiliates or any other Person (other than as expressly contemplated by the Transaction

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Documents) covering such Solar Loan and the related Conveyed Property, or, in the case of (iii) above, a copy of search results performed and certified by a national search company indicating that such Termination Statements have been filed in the UCC filing offices of the States in which the Financing Statements being terminated were originally filed.

"Performance Guarantor" means Sunnova Energy in its capacity as Performance Guarantor under the Performance Guaranty.

"Performance Guaranty" means the performance guaranty, dated as of the Closing Date, made by the Performance Guarantor in favor of the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee.

"Permits" means, with respect to any PV System or Energy Storage System, the applicable permits, franchises, leases, orders, licenses, notices, certifications, approvals, exemptions, qualifications, rights or authorizations from or registration, notice or filing with any Governmental Authority required to operate such PV System or Energy Storage System.

"Permitted Equity Cure Amount" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.08 of the Indenture.

"Permitted Liens" means (i) any lien for taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies not yet due and payable, already paid or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, (ii) any other lien or encumbrance arising under or permitted by the Transaction Documents, and (iii) to the extent a PV System or Energy Storage System constitutes a fixture, any conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property that has or would have priority over the applicable UCC fixture filing.

"Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, joint stock company, trust (including any beneficiary thereof), unincorporated organization or Governmental Authority.

"Physical Form" means a document maintained in physical paper form or a document previously maintained in Electronic Form which has been transferred to Physical Form.

"Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.03(c) of the Indenture.

"Post-ARD Additional Interest Rate" means, for a Class of Notes, an annual rate determined by the Servicer to be the greater of (i) [***]%; and (ii) the amount, if any, by which the sum of the following exceeds the related Note Rate: (A) the yield to maturity (adjusted to a "mortgage equivalent basis" pursuant to the standards and practices of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association) on the Anticipated Repayment Date of the United States Treasury Security having a term closest to ten years, plus (B) [***]%, plus (C) the related Post-ARD Spread.

"Post-ARD Spread" means for the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes, [***]% and [***]%, respectively.

"Post-Closing Date Certification" has the meaning set forth in Section 4(b) of the Custodial Agreement.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Post-Transfer Date Certification" has the meaning set forth in Section 4(d) of the Custodial Agreement.

"Predecessor Notes" means, with respect to any particular Note, every previous Note evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Note; and, for the purpose of this definition, any Note authenticated and delivered under Section 2.09 of the Indenture in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Note shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Note.

"Prepayment Amount" has the meaning set forth in Exhibit C of the Indenture.

"Principal Distribution Amount" means, for any Payment Date, an amount equal to: (i) if such Payment Date occurs during a Regular Amortization Period, the excess, if any, of (1) the sum of (x) the amount of principal collected in respect of each Solar Loan during the related Collection Period (including principal in respect of prepayments of Solar Loans and Repurchase Prices or Substitution Shortfall Amounts paid in respect of Defaulted Solar Loans or Defective Solar Loans, if any, and without giving effect to any Merchant Processing Amounts debited from the Lockbox Account during the related Collection Period), and (y) the outstanding principal balance of all Solar Loans that became Defaulted Solar Loans during the related Collection Period and were not substituted for or repurchased by the Depositor; over (2) the Overcollateralization Release Amount for such Payment Date; or (ii) if such Payment Date occurs during a Sequential Amortization Period, the entire amount of remaining Available Funds after making provisions for payments and distributions required under clauses (i) through (vii) in the Priority of Payments; provided, however, in each case, the Principal Distribution Amount shall not exceed the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance as of such Payment Date prior to any distributions made on such Payment Date; provided, further, if the sum of Available Funds plus the amount on deposit in the Reserve Account, the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account and the Section 25D Interest Account is greater than or equal to the sum of (a) the payments and distributions required under clauses (i) through (vii) in the Priority of Payments, (b) the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance as of such Payment Date prior to any distributions made on such Payment Date and (c) all unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, Deferred Interest Amounts and Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts, then the Principal Distribution Amount shall equal the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance as of such Payment Date prior to any distributions made on such Payment Date.

"PR Easy Own Plan Solar Loan" means an Easy Own Plan Solar Loan originated after June 30, 2018 for a home located in Puerto Rico for which there is no Section 25D Credit Payment Date.

"Priority of Payments" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.07(a) of the Indenture.

"Proceeding" means any suit in equity, action at law or other judicial or administrative proceeding.

"Production Guaranty" means, with respect to a PV System, an agreement in the form of a production warranty between the Obligor and Sunnova Energy, that specifies a minimum level of solar energy production, as measured in kWh, for a specified time period. A Production Guaranty stipulates the terms and conditions under which the related Obligor could be compensated or receive a production credit if the related PV System does not meet the electricity production minimums.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Pro Forma Overcollateralization Amount" means, on any Payment Date, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the Adjusted Aggregate Solar Loan Balance as of the last day of the related Collection Period, over (ii) (a) the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance on such Payment Date, before taking into account any distributions of principal to the Noteholders on such Payment Date, plus (b) all unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts applied to the Notes prior to such Payment Date, minus (c) the amount of principal collected in respect of each Solar Loan during the related Collection Period (including principal in respect of prepayments of Solar Loans and Repurchase Prices or Substitution Shortfall Amounts paid in respect of Defaulted Solar Loans or Defective Solar Loans, if any, and without giving effect to any Merchant Processing Amounts debited from the Lockbox Account during the related Collection Period), minus (d) the outstanding principal balance of all Solar Loans that became Defaulted Solar Loans during the related Collection Period and were not substituted for or repurchased by the Depositor.

"Project" means a PV System and/or Solar Energy System, the associated Real Property Rights, rights under the applicable Solar Loan Agreements and all other related rights to the extent applicable thereto including, without limitation, all Parts and manufacturers' warranties and rights to access Obligor data.

"Prudent Industry Practices" means the practices, methods, acts and equipment (including but not limited to the practices, methods, acts and equipment engaged in or approved by a prudent, experienced participant in the renewable energy electric generation industry operating in the United States) that, at a particular time, in the exercise of reasonable judgment in light of the facts known or that reasonably should have been known at the time a decision was made, would have been expected to accomplish the desired result in a manner that complies with, and is otherwise consistent with, Applicable Law (including, for the avoidance of doubt all Consumer Protection Laws), Permits, codes and standards, equipment manufacturer's recommendations, reliability, safety and environmental protection.

"PTO" means, with respect to a PV System, the receipt of permission to operate from the related local utility in writing or in such other form as is customarily given by the related local utility.

"PV/ESS Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan used to finance the acquisition and installation of a PV System and Energy Storage System, and, if applicable, related Ancillary PV System Components.

"PV Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan used to finance the acquisition and installation of a PV System, and, if applicable, related Ancillary PV System Components.

"PV System" means, a photovoltaic system, including Solar Photovoltaic Panels, Inverters, Racking Systems, wiring and other electrical devices, as applicable, conduits, weatherproof housings, hardware, remote monitoring equipment, connectors, meters, disconnects and over current devices (including any replacement or additional parts included from time to time).

"QIB" means qualified institutional buyer within the meaning of Rule 144A.

"Qualified Service Provider" means an Independent Accountant or other service provider.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Qualified Service Provider Report" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3(b) of the Servicing Agreement.

"Qualified Substitute Solar Loan" means a Solar Loan that meets each of the following criteria as of the related Transfer Date: (i) qualifies as an Eligible Solar Loan,(ii) the Obligors related to the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date have a weighted average credit score as of the date of origination of the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans greater than or equal to the weighted average credit score of the Obligors related to the subject Replaced Solar Loans as of the date of origination of the Replaced Solar Loans, (iii) the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date have a weighted average current interest rate that is greater than or equal to the weighted average current interest rate of the subject Replaced Solar Loans, (iv) the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date shall not cause the percentage concentration (measured by Solar Loan Balance as a percentage of the Aggregate Solar Loan Balance) of all Solar Loans owned by the Issuer on such Transfer Date (including for the avoidance of doubt, any Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date) for which the Related Property is located in (a) any one state or territory to exceed [***]% or (b) Puerto Rico to exceed [***]%, (v) the Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date shall not cause the percentage (measured by Solar Loan Balance as a percentage of the Aggregate Solar Loan Balance) of all Solar Loans (including for the avoidance of doubt, any Qualified Substitute Solar Loans transferred to the Issuer on such Transfer Date) that are PV/ESS Solar Loans or ESS Solar Loans to exceed [***]%, (vi) does not have a remaining term to maturity later than the Rated Final Maturity and (vii) if the Section 25D Credit Payment Date for such Qualified Substitute Solar Loan shall not have occurred prior to such Transfer Date, the necessary amount shall have been deposited into the Section 25D Interest Account.

"Racking System" means, with respect to a PV System, the hardware required to mount and securely fasten a Solar Photovoltaic Panel onto the site where the PV System is located.

"Rated Final Maturity" means the Payment Date occurring in August 2049.

"Rating Agency" or "Rating Agencies" means either or both KBRA and Fitch, as the context may require.

"Real Property Rights" means all real property rights contained in the Solar Loan Agreements, if any.

"Record Date" means, with respect to any Payment Date or Voluntary Prepayment Date, (i) for Notes in book-entry form, the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding such Payment Date or Voluntary Prepayment Date, and (ii) for Definitive Notes the close of business on the last Business Day of the calendar month immediately preceding the month in which such Payment Date or Voluntary Prepayment Date occurs.

"Regular Amortization Period" means any period which is not a Sequential Amortization Period.

"Regulation S" means Regulation S, as amended, promulgated under the Securities Act.

"Regulation S Global Note" means the Regulation S Temporary Global Note or the Regulation S Permanent Global Note, as appropriate.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Regulation S Permanent Global Note" means the permanent global note, evidencing Notes, in the form of the Note attached to the Indenture as Exhibit A, that is deposited with and registered in the name of the Securities Depository or its nominee, representing the Notes sold in reliance on Regulation S.

"Regulation S Temporary Global Note" means a single temporary global note, evidencing Notes, in the form of the Note attached to the Indenture as Exhibit A, that is deposited with and registered in the name of the Securities Depository or its nominee, representing the Notes sold in reliance on Regulation S.

"Related Property" means, with respect to a Solar Loan, the real property on which the related PV System and/or Energy Storage System is installed.

"Removal Policy" means the Manager's internal removal policy attached as Exhibit B to the Management Agreement.

"Replaced Solar Loan" means a Defective Solar Loan or a Defaulted Solar Loan for which the Depositor has substituted a Qualified Substitute Solar Loan pursuant to the Contribution Agreement.

"Replacement Manager" means any Person appointed to replace the Manager and to assume the obligations of Manager under the Management Agreement.

"Replacement Servicer" means any Person appointed to replace the Servicer and to assume the obligations of Servicer under the Servicing Agreement.

"Repurchase Price" means for a Defective Solar Loan or Defaulted Solar Loan an amount equal to sum of (i) the Solar Loan Balance of such Solar Loan immediately prior to becoming a Defective Solar Loan or Defaulted Solar Loan and (ii) any accrued and unpaid interest then due and payable on such Defective Solar Loan or Defaulted Solar Loan through the date such Defective Solar Loan or Defaulted Solar Loan is repurchased.

"Required Overcollateralization Amount" means, on any Payment Date, an amount equal to: (i) during a Regular Amortization Period, the greater of (a) the product of (x) the Target Overcollateralization Percentage and (y) the Adjusted Aggregate Solar Loan Balance and (b) the product of (x) the Overcollateralization Floor Percentage and (y) the Adjusted Aggregate Closing Date Solar Loan Balance; and (ii) during a Sequential Amortization Period, an amount equal to the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance plus unreimbursed Note Balance Write-Down Amounts, if any.

"Reserve Account" means the segregated trust account with that name established and maintained with the Indenture Trustee and in the name of the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the Noteholders and maintained pursuant to Section 5.01 of the Indenture.

"Reserve Account Floor Amount" means the product of [***]% and the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance as of the Closing Date.

"Reserve Account Required Balance" means, for any Payment Date, the greater of (i) [***]% of the Aggregate Solar Loan Balance as of the last day of the related Collection Period and (ii) the Reserve Account Floor Amount. On and after the Payment Date on which the

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of the Notes has been reduced to zero, the Reserve Account Required Balance will be equal to zero.

"Responsible Officer"means when used with respect to (i) the Indenture Trustee, the Transition Manager and the Backup Servicer, any President, Vice President, Assistant Vice President, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Treasurer or Corporate Trust Officer, or any other officer in the Corporate Trust Office customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and (ii) the Custodian, any President, Vice President, Assistant Vice President, Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer, or any other officer customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers, in each case having direct responsibility for the administration of the Indenture. When used with respect to any Person other than the Indenture Trustee, the Custodian, the Transition Manager or the Backup Servicer that is not an individual, the President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Strategy Officer, Treasurer, any Vice President, Assistant Vice President or the Controller of such Person, or any other officer or employee having similar functions.

"Rule 144A" means the rule designated as "Rule 144A" promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act.

"Rule 144A Global Note" means the permanent global note, evidencing Notes, in the form of the Note attached to the Indenture as Exhibit A, that is deposited with and registered in the name of the Securities Depository or its nominee, representing the Notes sold in reliance on Rule 144A.

"Rule 17g-5" means Rule 17g-5 under the Exchange Act.

"S&P" means S&P Global Ratings, a business unit of Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and its successors and assigns.

"Schedule of Solar Loans" means, as the context may require, the schedule of Solar Loans assigned by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, assigned by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor, assigned by the Depositor to the Issuer and pledged by the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee on the Closing Date or any Transfer Date, as such schedule may be supplemented from time to time for Qualified Substitute Solar Loans (in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents).

"Scheduled Payment" means, with respect to a solar loan for each Due Date, a scheduled payment of principal and/or interest due on such Due Date.

"Section 25D Credit Amount" means, with respect to each Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan, the portion of the related Solar Loan Balance equal to the anticipated investment tax credit for the related PV System and, as applicable, Energy Storage System.

"Section 25D Credit Payment Date" means the date on which an Obligor in respect of a Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan is scheduled to pay the related Section 25D Credit Amount.

"Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan" means an Easy Own Plan Solar Loan other than a PR Easy Own Plan Solar Loan.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Section 25D Interest Account" means the segregated trust account with that name established with the Indenture Trustee (or such successor bank, if applicable) in the name of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders and maintained pursuant to Section 5.01 of the Indenture.

"Section 25D Interest Account Required Amount" means the sum of the Section 25D Interest Amounts for all Solar Loans that are Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loans.

"Section 25D Interest Amount" for a Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan means (i) on the Closing Date or a Transfer Date, the amount of interest that accrues on the related Section 25D Credit Amount from the related Cut-Off Date at such Section 25D Easy Own Plan Solar Loan's interest rate until the Section 25D Credit Payment Date (assuming that no prepayment is made) and (ii) on each Payment Date, the amount of interest that accrues on the related Section 25D Credit Amount on and after such Payment Date at such Solar Loan's interest rate until the Section 25D Credit Payment Date (assuming no prepayment is made).

"Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

"Securities Depository" means an organization registered as a "Securities Depository" pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act.

"Securities Depository Participant" means a broker, dealer, bank, other financial institution or other Person for whom from time to time a Securities Depository effects book-entry transfers and pledges of securities deposited with the Securities Depository.

"SEI" means Sunnova Energy International Inc., a Delaware corporation.

"Sequential Amortization Event" shall exist if, on any Determination Date, (a)(i) a Manager Termination Event, (ii) Servicer Termination Event or (iii) an Event of Default has occurred; (b) as a condition to accepting its appointment as a Replacement Manager, such Replacement Manager requires an increase of at least 25% to the existing O&M Fee Base Rate to perform the related duties; (c) as a condition to accepting its appointment as a Replacement Servicer, such Replacement Servicer (other than the Backup Servicer) requires an increase of at least 25% to the existing Administrative Fee Base Rate to perform the related duties; or (d) the Cumulative Default Level as of the last day of any Collection Period specified below exceeds the corresponding level specified below:

Collection Period	Cumulative Default Level
1 – 12	[***]%
13 – 24	[***]%
25 – 36	[***]%
37 – 48	[***]%
49 and thereafter	[***]%

A Sequential Amortization Event of the type described in clauses (a)(i) or (a)(ii) above will continue until the Notes (including Deferred Interest Amounts, Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts and Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amounts) have been paid in full. A

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sequential Amortization Event of the type described in clause (a)(iii) above will continue until the Payment Date on which the relevant Event of Default is no longer continuing. A Sequential Amortization Event of the type described in clauses (b) and (c) above shall continue until the next Determination Date on which the then existing O&M Fee Base Rate or Administrative Fee Base Rate, as applicable, is no longer 25% greater than the O&M Fee Base Rate or 25% greater than the Administrative Fee Base Rate on the Closing Date. A Sequential Amortization Event of the type described in clause (d) above will continue until the Cumulative Default Level as of the last day of any Collection Period specified above no longer exceeds the corresponding level specified. "Sequential Amortization Period" means the period commencing on the Determination Date upon which a Sequential Amortization Event occurs and ending on the earlier to occur of (i) the Determination Date upon which all existing Sequential Amortization Events have been cured and no longer continuing and (ii) the day the Notes have been paid in full and all other amounts due and payable under the Indenture have been paid in full.

"Servicer" means, initially, Sunnova Management in its capacity as the Servicer under the Servicing Agreement and any Replacement Servicer.

"Servicer Extraordinary Expenses" means (a) extraordinary expenses incurred by the Servicer in accordance with the Servicing Standard in connection with any litigation, arbitration or enforcement proceeding pursued by the Servicer in respect of a Solar Loan Agreement and (b) all fees, expenses and other amounts that are paid by the Servicer on behalf of the Issuer and incurred in connection with the financing or servicing of the Solar Loans or the Transaction Documents, including (i) fees, expenses and other amounts paid to attorneys, accountants and other consultants and experts retained by the Issuer and (ii) any sales, use, franchise or property taxes that the Servicer pays on behalf of the Issuer.

"Servicer Fee" means on each Payment Date (in accordance with and subject to the Priority of Payments) the amount equal to the product of (a) one-twelfth of the Administrative Fee Base Rate and (b) the sum of (1) the aggregate DC nameplate capacity (measured in kW) of all the PV Systems related to the Solar Loans owned by the Issuer as of the first day of the related Collection Period (excluding PV Systems related to Defaulted Solar Loans that are not operational and not in the process of being removed, repaired or replaced) and (2) 8.167 kW multiplied by the number of ESS Solar Loans owned by the Issuer as of the first day of the related Collection Period (excluding Defaulted Solar Loans for which the related Energy Storage System is not operational and not in the process of being removed, repaired or replaced).

"Servicing Agreement" means that certain servicing agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, among the Issuer, the Servicer and the Backup Servicer.

"Servicing Services" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of the Servicing Agreement.

"Servicing Standard" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of the Servicing Agreement.

“Servicer Termination Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1 of the Servicing Agreement.

"Settlement Statement" means a settlement statement in the form of Exhibit C to the Contribution Agreement.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Similar Law" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.07(c)(vi) of the Indenture.

"Solar Loan" means an Initial Solar Loan or a Qualified Substitute Solar Loan.

"Solar Loan Agreement" means, in respect of a Solar Loan, a loan and security agreement or retail installment sale and security agreement or other substantially similar agreement extending consumer credit entered into by the applicable Obligor and the Originator (or its approved Dealer) and all ancillary agreements and documents related thereto, including any related amendments thereto, but excluding any Production Guaranty or Customer Warranty Agreement.

"Solar Loan Balance" means, as of any date of determination, the outstanding principal balance due under or in respect of a Solar Loan (including a Defaulted Solar Loan).

"Solar Loan File" means, with respect to a Solar Loan, the documents maintained by the Originator or the Servicer in connection with such Solar Loan, which includes each of the documents in the Custodian File with respect to such Solar Loan.

"Solar Loan Servicing Files" means such files, documents, and computer files (including those documents comprising the Custodian File) necessary for the Servicer to perform the Servicing Services.

"Solar Loan Management Files" means such files, documents, and computer files (including those documents comprising the Custodian File) necessary for the Manager to perform the Management Services.

"Solar Photovoltaic Panel" means, with respect to a PV System, the necessary hardware component that uses wafers made of silicon, cadmium telluride, or any other suitable material, to generate a direct electrical current (DC) output using energy from the sun's light.

"Specified Discount Rate" is 6.00% per annum.

"State" means any one or more of the states comprising the United States and the District of Columbia.

"Subcontractor" means any person to whom the Manager subcontracts any of its obligations under the Management Agreement, and any person to whom such obligations are further subcontracted of any tier.

"Subsequent Cut-Off Date" means, with respect to any Qualified Substitute Solar Loan, (i) the close of business on the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the related Transfer Date or (ii) such other date designated by the Servicer.

"Substitution Shortfall Amount" means for any Qualified Substitute Solar Loan, an amount equal to the excess of the Solar Loan Balance of the substituted Solar Loan over the Solar Loan Balance of the Qualified Substitute Solar Loan. In the event more than one Solar Loan is substituted for, the Substitution Shortfall Amount shall be calculated on an aggregate basis for all substitutions made on such date.

"Sunnova ABS Holdings IX" means Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Sunnova ABS Holdings IX Financing Statement" means a UCC-1 financing statement naming the Depositor as the secured party and Sunnova ABS Holdings IX as the debtor.

"Sunnova Energy" means Sunnova Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

"Sunnova Intermediate Holdings" means Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

"Sunnova Intermediate Holdings Financing Statement" means a UCC-1 financing statement naming Sunnova ABS Holdings IX as the secured party and Sunnova Intermediate Holdings as the debtor.

"Sunnova Management" means Sunnova ABS Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

"Super-Majority Noteholders" means Noteholders representing not less than 66-2/3% of the Outstanding Note Balance of, as the context shall require, a Class of Notes or all Classes of Notes if then Outstanding.

"SunSafe Easy Own Plan Equipment Purchase Agreement" means a Solar Loan Agreement pursuant to which the related Obligor finances the purchase of a PV System and an Energy Storage System is integrated with the PV System for which the related Obligor is not required to make interest payments on the portion of the Solar Loan Balance equal to the related Section 25D Credit Amount until a scheduled prepayment date, typically 18 months from the date on which the related PV System achieves PTO.

"Target Overcollateralization Percentage" means [***]%.

"Tax" (and, with correlative meaning, "Taxes" and "Taxable") means:

(i)    any taxes, customs, duties, charges, fees, levies, penalties or other assessments imposed by any federal, state, local or foreign taxing authority, including, but not limited to, income, gross receipts, windfall profit, severance, property, production, sales, use, license, excise, franchise, net worth, employment, occupation, payroll, withholding, social security, alternative or add-on minimum, ad valorem, transfer, stamp, unclaimed property or environmental tax, or any other tax, custom, duty, fee, levy or other like assessment or charge of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount attributable thereto; and

(ii)    any liability for the payment of amounts with respect to payment of a type described in clause (i), including as a result of being a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined or unitary group, as a result of succeeding to such liability as a result of merger, conversion or asset transfer or as a result of any obligation under any tax sharing arrangement or tax indemnity agreement, but excluding any liability arising under any commercial agreement the primary purpose of which does not relate to Taxes.

"Tax Opinion" means an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that an amendment or modification of the Indenture will not materially adversely affect the federal income tax characterization of any Note, or adversely affect the federal tax classification status of the Issuer.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

"Tax Return" means any return, report or similar statement required to be filed with respect to any Taxes (including attached schedules), including any information return, claim for refund, amended return or declaration of estimated Tax.

"Termination Date" means the date on which the Indenture Trustee shall have received payment and performance of all Issuer Secured Obligations.

"Termination Statement" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.12(l) of the Indenture.

"Transaction Documents" means, collectively, the Indenture, the Management Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Note Purchase Agreement, the Performance Guaranty, the Servicing Agreement, the Custodial Agreement, the Account Control Agreement, any Letter of Credit and the Note Depository Agreement.

"Transfer" means any direct or indirect transfer or sale of any Ownership Interest in a Note.

"Transfer Date" means, with respect to a Qualified Substitute Solar Loan, the date upon which the Issuer acquires such Solar Loan from the Depositor.

"Transfer Date Certification" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(c) of the Custodial Agreement.

"Transferee" means any Person who is acquiring by Transfer any Ownership Interest in a Note.

"Transition Manager" means Wilmington Trust in its capacity as the transition manager under the Management Agreement.

"Transition Manager Expenses" means (i) any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred in taking any actions required in its role as Transition Manager and (ii) any indemnities owed to the Transition Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement.

"Trust Estate" means all property and rights of the Issuer Granted to the Indenture Trustee pursuant to the Granting Clause of the Indenture for the benefit of the Noteholders.

"UETA" shall mean the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, as such act may be amended or supplemented from time to time.

"UK Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements" means the risk retention, transparency and due diligence requirements set out in the EU Securitization Regulation as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA and as amended by the UK Securitization Regulation which contain due diligence requirements that apply to certain types of "institutional investor" as defined in the UK Securitization Regulation, which include insurance and reinsurance undertakings, occupational pension schemes as defined in section 1(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993, AIFMs (as defined in regulation 4(1) of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013) which market or manage an AIF (as defined in regulation 3 of those Regulations) in the UK, management companies as defined in section 237(2) of the FSMA, UCITS as defined by section 236A of FSMA which are authorised open ended investment companies as defined in section 237(3) of FSMA, investment firms and credit institutions which

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

are CRR firms as defined in Article 4(1)(2A) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 as amended by the Capital Requirements (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018.

"UK Securitization Regulation" means Securitisation (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019/660.

"U.S. Bank" means U.S. Bank National Association.

"U.S. Risk Retention Rules" means the final rules, which require a "sponsor" of a securitization transaction (or a majority-owned affiliate of the sponsor) to retain a portion of the credit risk of the asset-backed securities transaction, adopted in October 2014 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury, the SEC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to implement the credit risk retention requirements of Section 15G of the Exchange Act as added by Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act.

"UCC" means the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted in the State of New York or in any other State having jurisdiction over the assignment, transfer, pledge of the Solar Loans from the Originator to the Depositor, the Depositor to the Issuer or of the Trust Estate from the Issuer to the Indenture Trustee.

"UCC Fixture Filing" means a "fixture filing" as defined in Section 2-A-309 of the UCC covering a PV System naming the initial Servicer as secured party on behalf of the Issuer.

"Underwriting and Reassignment Credit Policy" means the Manager's internal reassignment policy attached as Exhibit F to the Servicing Agreement.

"Vice President" means, with respect to Sunnova Energy, any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice president."

"Voluntary Prepayment" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(a) of the Indenture.

"Voluntary Prepayment Date" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(a) of the Indenture.

"Voluntary Prepayment Servicer Report" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.5 of the Servicing Agreement.

"Wilmington Trust" means Wilmington Trust, National Association.

"Yield Supplement Overcollateralization Amount" means as of any date of determination, the excess, if any, of (A) the present value of all future Scheduled Payments (as of the last day of the related Collection Period, if any) on the Solar Loans, with each Solar Loan discounted at its stated interest rate currently in effect over (B) the present value of all future Scheduled Payments (as of the last day of the related Collection Period, if any) on the Solar Loans, with each Solar Loan discounted at the greater of (i) its stated interest rate currently in effect and (ii) the Specified Discount Rate. For purposes of this definition of Yield Supplement Overcollateralization Amount, for any date of determination, (a) future Scheduled Payments on each Solar Loan are assumed to be equal to the next Scheduled Payment amount due (as of the last day of the related Collection Period), (b) payments are assumed to be made monthly over the

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

remaining scheduled term of the Solar Loan without regard to any prepayments before the Cut-Off Date and without any delays, defaults or prepayments and (c) with respect to Solar Loans with an outstanding Section 25D Credit Amount and prior to the related Section 25D Credit Payment Date, the Scheduled Payment will be assumed to equal the sum of (i) the actual Scheduled Payment and (ii) the additional payment that would be required to fully amortize the Section 25D Credit Amount over the period between the Section 25D Credit Payment Date and the maturity date of such Solar Loan, at the stated interest rate of such Solar Loan.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Schedule I

Schedule of Solar Loans

[see attached]

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit A-1

Form of Class A Note

Note Number: [__]

Unless this Global Note is presented by an authorized representative of the Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation ("DTC"), to the Issuer or its Agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any global note issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede & Co. or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC) any transfer, pledge or other use hereof for value or otherwise by or to any person is wrongful inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co., has an interest herein.

Transfers of this Global Note shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to nominees of DTC or to a successor thereof or such successor's nominee and transfers of portions of this Global Note shall be limited to transfers made in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Indenture referred to herein.

THIS NOTE (OR ITS PREDECESSOR) HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS OF ANY STATE IN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY FOREIGN SECURITIES LAW. NEITHER THIS NOTE NOR ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM. EACH PURCHASER OF THIS NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN IS HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT THE SELLER OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE RELYING ON THE EXEMPTION FROM THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 5 OF THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144A THEREUNDER.

EACH PURCHASER AND TRANSFEREE (AND IF THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR PLAN SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, ITS FIDUCIARY) BY ITS PURCHASE OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN IS DEEMED TO HAVE REPRESENTED AND WARRANTED THAT EITHER (1) IT IS NOT, AND IS NOT ACQUIRING THE NOTE OR INTEREST THEREIN FOR, ON BEHALF OF, OR WITH THE ASSETS OF, ANY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN AS DEFINED IN SECTION 3(3) OF THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974, AS AMENDED ("ERISA") THAT IS SUBJECT TO TITLE I OF ERISA OR ANY OTHER "PLAN" AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4975(E)(1) OF THE CODE THAT IS SUBJECT TO SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR ANY ENTITY WHOSE UNDERLYING ASSETS INCLUDE PLAN ASSETS BY REASON OF AN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN'S OR PLAN'S INVESTMENT IN SUCH ENTITY (EACH A "BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR"), OR ANY PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO ANY LAW SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR TO ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE ("SIMILAR LAW"), OR (2) IF PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR A PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, THE PURCHASE, HOLDING AND DISPOSITION OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN DOES NOT RESULT IN A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER OR VIOLATION OF SIMILAR LAW AND WILL

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

BE CONSISTENT WITH ANY APPLICABLE FIDUCIARY DUTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED UPON THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE.

THE HOLDER OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ISSUER THAT (A) THIS NOTE AND ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY ONLY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN MINIMUM DENOMINATIONS OF $100,000 AND IN INTEGRAL MULTIPLES OF $1,000 IN EXCESS THEREOF, AND ONLY (I) IN THE U.S. TO A PERSON WHOM THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A (ACTING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT AND NOT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF OTHERS, OR AS A FIDUCIARY OR AGENT FOR OTHER QIBS TO WHOM NOTICE IS GIVEN THAT THE SALE, PLEDGE OR TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN RELIANCE ON RULE 144A), (II) OUTSIDE THE U.S. IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR (III) PURSUANT TO ANOTHER EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE AND EVIDENCED BY AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE ISSUER AND THE INDENTURE TRUSTEE), IN EACH OF CASES (I) THROUGH (III) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE U.S. AND ANY OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION, AND (B) THE HOLDER WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN FROM IT OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO ABOVE.NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION, ANY NOTE THAT HAS ORIGINALLY BEEN PROPERLY ISSUED IN AN AMOUNT NO LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION, OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, MAY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN A DENOMINATION LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION IF SUCH LESSER DENOMINATION IS SOLELY A RESULT OF A REDUCTION OF PRINCIPAL DUE TO PAYMENTS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INDENTURE.

[For Temporary Regulation S Global Note, add the following:

THIS NOTE IS A TEMPORARY GLOBAL NOTE FOR PURPOSES OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT WHICH IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR A PERMANENT REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN AND IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN.

PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS 40 DAYS AFTER THE LATER OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE OFFERING AND THE ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTES, THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE U.S. OR TO A U.S. PERSON EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.]

THE PURCHASER UNDERSTANDS THAT THE ISSUER MAY RECEIVE A LIST OF PARTICIPANTS HOLDING POSITIONS IN THE NOTES FROM THE SECURITIES DEPOSITORY.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sections 2.07 and 2.08 of the Indenture contain further restrictions on the transfer and resale of this Note (or interest therein). Each Transferee of this Note, by acceptance hereof, is deemed to have accepted this Note subject to the foregoing restrictions on transferability.

Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by its acceptance of this Note (or interest therein), covenants and agrees that such Noteholder or Note Owner, as the case may be, shall not, prior to the date that is one year and one day after the termination of the Indenture, acquiesce, petition or otherwise invoke or cause the Issuer to invoke the process of any court or governmental authority for the purpose of commencing or sustaining a case against the Issuer under any federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, indenture trustee, custodian, sequestrator or other similar official of the Issuer or any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the Issuer.

The principal of this Note is payable in installments as set forth herein. Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount of this Note at any time may be less than the amount shown on the face hereof. Any person acquiring this security may ascertain its current principal amount by inquiry of the Indenture Trustee.

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC
Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B
Class A Note

[RULE 144A GLOBAL NOTE]

[TEMPORARY REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE]

[PERMANENT REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE]

Original Issue Date	Rated Final Maturity	Issue Price
August 17 2022	August 20, 2049	99.30723%

Registered Owner:    Cede & Co.

Initial Principal Balance: Up to $178,000,000

CUSIP No. [86744VAA9][ U8677VAA1]

ISIN No. [US86744VAA98][USU8677VAA18]

This Certifies That Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (hereinafter called the "Issuer"), which term includes any successor entity under the Indenture, dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), between the Issuer and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (together with any successor thereto, hereinafter called the "Indenture Trustee"), for value received, hereby promises to pay to the Registered Owner named above or registered assigns, subject to the provisions hereof and of the Indenture, (A) the interest based on the Interest Accrual Period at the Note Rate defined in the Indenture, on each Payment Date beginning in September 2022 (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day), and (B) principal on each Payment Date in the manner and subject to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, as set forth in the Indenture; provided, however, that the Notes are subject to prepayment as set forth in the Indenture. This note (this "Class A Note") is one of a duly authorized series of Class A Notes of the Issuer designated as its Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A (the "Class A Notes"). The Indenture authorizes the issuance of up to $178,000,000 in Outstanding Note Balance of Class A Notes and up to $49,700,000 in Outstanding Note Balance of Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B (the "Class B Notes" and together with the Class A Notes and Class B Notes, the "Notes"). The Indenture provides that the Notes will be entitled to receive payments in reduction of the Outstanding Note Balance, in the amounts, from the sources, and at the times more specifically as set forth in the Indenture. The Notes are secured by the Trust Estate (as defined in the Indenture).

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto for a statement of the respective rights thereunder of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Holders of the Notes and the terms upon which the Notes are to be authenticated and delivered. All terms used in this Note which are not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

The obligation of the Issuer to repay the Notes is a limited, nonrecourse obligation secured only by the Trust Estate. All payments of principal of and interest on the Class A Notes shall be made only from the Trust Estate, and each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of this Class A Note, agrees that it shall be entitled to payments solely from such Trust Estate pursuant to the terms of the Indenture. The actual Outstanding Note Balance on this Class A Note may be less than the principal balance indicated on the face hereof. The actual Outstanding Note Balance on this Class A Note at any time may be obtained from the Indenture Trustee.

With respect to payment of principal of and interest on the Class A Notes, the Indenture provides the following:

(a)    Until fully paid, principal payments on the Class A Notes will be made on each Payment Date in an amount, at the time, and in the manner provided in the Indenture. The Outstanding Note Balance of each Class A Note shall be payable no later than the Rated Final Maturity thereof unless the Outstanding Note Balance of such Class A Note becomes due and payable at an earlier date pursuant to this Indenture, and in each case such payment shall be made in an amount and in the manner provided in the Indenture.

(b)    The Class A Notes shall bear interest on the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class A Notes and accrued but unpaid interest thereon, at the applicable Note Rate. The Interest Distribution Amounts with respect to the Class A Notes shall be payable on each Payment Date to the extent that the Collection Account then contains sufficient amounts to pay such Interest Distribution Amounts pursuant to Section 5.07 of the Indenture. Each Interest Distribution Amount will accrue on the basis of a 360 day year consisting of twelve 30 day months.

All payments of interest and principal on the Class A Notes on the applicable Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Class A Note is registered at the close of business as of the Record Date for such Payment Date in the manner provided in the Indenture. All reductions in the Outstanding Note Balance of a Class A Note (or one or more Predecessor Notes) effected by full or partial payments of installments of principal shall be binding upon all past, then current, and future Holders of such Class A Note and of any Class A Note issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, whether or not such payment is noted on such Class A Note.

The Rated Final Maturity of the Notes is the Payment Date in August 2049 unless the Notes are earlier prepaid in whole or accelerated pursuant to the Indenture. The Indenture Trustee shall pay to each Class A Noteholder of record on the preceding Record Date either (i) by wire transfer, in immediately available funds to the account of such Class A Noteholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities therefor, if such Class A Noteholder shall have provided to the Indenture Trustee appropriate written instructions at least five Business Days prior to the related Payment Date (which instructions may remain in effect for subsequent

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[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Payment Dates unless revoked by the Class A Noteholder), or (ii) if not, by check mailed to such Class A Noteholder at the address of such Class A Noteholder appearing in the Note Register, the amounts to be paid to such Class A Noteholder pursuant to such Class A Noteholder's Notes; provided, that so long as the Class A Notes are registered in the name of the Securities Depository such payments shall be made to the nominee thereof in immediately available funds.

The Class A Notes shall be subject to voluntary prepayment at the option of the Issuer in the manner and subject to the provisions of the Indenture. Whenever by the terms of the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee is required to prepay the Class A Notes, and subject to and in accordance with the terms of Article VI of the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall give notice of the prepayment in the manner prescribed by the Indenture.

Subject to certain restrictions contained in the Indenture, (i) the Class A Notes are issuable in the minimum denomination of $100,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof (provided, that one Class A Note may be issued in an additional amount equal to any remaining portion of the Initial Outstanding Note Balance) and (ii) the Class A Notes may be exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of Class A Notes of authorized denominations of the same maturity.

The final payment on any Definitive Note shall be made only upon presentation and surrender of the Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee.

The Class A Noteholders shall have no right to enforce the provisions of the Indenture or to institute action to enforce the covenants therein, or to take any action with respect to any Event of Default, or to institute, appear in or defend any Proceedings with respect thereto, except as provided in the Indenture.

The Class A Notes may be exchanged, and their transfer may be registered, by the Noteholders in person or by their attorneys duly authorized in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee only in the manner, subject to the limitations provided in the Indenture, and upon surrender and cancellation of the Class A Notes. Upon exchange or registration of such transfer, a new registered Class A Note or Notes evidencing the same outstanding principal amount will be executed in exchange therefor.

All amounts collected as payments on the Trust Estate or otherwise shall be applied in the order of priority specified in the Indenture.

Each Person who has or who acquires any Ownership Interest in a Class A Note shall be deemed by the acceptance or acquisition of such Ownership Interest to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the Indenture. A Noteholder may not sell, offer for sale, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise transfer or encumber all or any part of its interest in the Class A Notes except pursuant to an effective registration statement covering such transaction under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and effective qualification or registration under all applicable State securities laws and regulations or under an exemption from registration under said Securities Act and said State securities laws and regulations.

[Add the following for Rule 144A Global Notes:

A-1-6

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Interests in this Class A Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Temporary Regulation S Global Note or Regulation S Global Note, in each case subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.]

[Add the following for Temporary Regulation S Global Notes:

Interests in this Class A Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Rule 144A Global Note, subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.

On or after the 40th day after the later of the Closing Date and the commencement of the offering of the Notes, interests in this Temporary Regulation S Global Note may be exchanged (free of charge) for interests in a Permanent Regulation S Global Note. The Permanent Regulation S Global Note shall be so issued and delivered in exchange for only that portion of this Temporary Regulation S Global Note in respect of which there shall have been presented to DTC by Euroclear or Clearstream a certification to the effect that it has received from or in respect of a person entitled to an interest (as shown by its records) a certification that the beneficial interests in such Temporary Regulation S Global Note are owned by persons who are not U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S).]

[Add the following for Permanent Regulation S Global Notes:

Interests in this Class A Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Rule 144A Global Note, subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.]

Prior to the date that is one year and one day after the payment in full of all amounts payable with respect to the Class A Notes, each Person who has or acquires an Ownership Interest in a Class A Note agrees that such Person will not institute against the Issuer, or join any other Person in instituting against the Issuer, any Insolvency Proceedings or other Proceedings under the laws of the United States or any State. This covenant shall survive the termination of the Indenture.

Before the due presentment for registration of transfer of this Class A Note, the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee may treat the person in whose name this Class A Note is registered (i) on any Record Date for purposes of making payments, and (ii) on any other date for any other purpose, as the owner hereof, whether or not this Class A Note be overdue, and neither the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

The Indenture permits the amendment thereof for the purpose of adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of, the Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders under the Indenture at any time by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee (and, in some cases, only with the consent of the Noteholder affected thereby) and compliance with certain other conditions. Any such consent by the Holder, at the time of the giving thereof, of this Class A Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Class A Note and of any Class A Note issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Class A Note.

A-1-7

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

The Class A Notes and all obligations with respect thereto, including obligations under the Indenture, will be limited recourse obligations of the Issuer payable solely from the Trust Estate. Neither the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Performance Guarantor, the Depositor, the Manager, the Transition Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Custodian, the Note Registrar, the Indenture Trustee in its individual capacity or in its capacity as Indenture Trustee, nor any of their respective Affiliates, agents, partners, beneficiaries, officers, directors, stockholders, stockholders of partners, employees or successors or assigns, shall be personally liable for any amounts payable, or performance due, under the Notes or the Indenture. Without limiting the foregoing, each Noteholder and each Note Owner of any Class A Note by its acceptance thereof, and the Indenture Trustee, shall be deemed to have agreed (i) that it shall look only to the Trust Estate to satisfy the Issuer's obligations under or with respect to a Class A Note or the Indenture, including but not limited to liabilities under Article V of the Indenture and liabilities arising (whether at common law or equity) from breaches by the Issuer of any obligations, covenants and agreements herein or, to the extent enforceable, for any violation by the Issuer of applicable State or federal law or regulation, provided that, the Issuer shall not be relieved of liability hereunder with respect to any misrepresentation in the Indenture or any Transaction Document, or fraud, of the Issuer and (ii) to waive any rights it may have to obtain a deficiency or other monetary judgment against either the Issuer or any of its principals, directors, officers, beneficial owners, employees or agents (whether disclosed or undisclosed) or their respective assets (other than the Trust Estate). The foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall not (i) prevent recourse to the Trust Estate or any Person (other than the Issuer) for the sums due or to become due under any security, instrument or agreement which is part of the Trust Estate; (ii) constitute a waiver, release or discharge of any indebtedness or obligation evidenced by the Class A Notes or secured by the Indenture, but the same shall continue until paid or discharged; or (iii) prevent the Indenture Trustee from exercising its rights with respect to the Grant, pursuant to the Indenture, of the Issuer's rights under the Transaction Documents. It is further understood that the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall not limit the right of any Person to name the Indenture Trustee in its capacity as Indenture Trustee under the Indenture or the Issuer as a party defendant in any action or suit or in the exercise of any remedy under the Notes or the Indenture, so long as no judgment in the nature of a deficiency judgment or seeking personal liability shall be asked for or (if obtained) enforced. It is expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released to the extent provided herein as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of the Indenture and the issuance of the Notes.

The remedies of the Holder of this Class A Note as provided herein, in the Indenture or in the other Transaction Documents, shall be cumulative and concurrent and may be pursued solely against the assets of the Trust Estate. No failure on the part of the Noteholder in exercising any right or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver or release thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or remedy preclude any other further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy hereunder.

The Class A Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth. At the option of the Class A Noteholder, Class A Notes may be exchanged for Class A Notes of like terms, in any authorized denominations and of like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee, subject to the terms and conditions of the Indenture.

A-1-8

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, a copy of which is on file with the Indenture Trustee, for the provisions, among others, with respect to (i) the nature and extent of the rights, duties and obligations of the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer and the Class A Noteholders; (ii) the terms upon which the Class A Notes are executed and delivered; (iii) the collection and disposition of payments or proceeds in respect of the Conveyed Property; (iv) a description of the Trust Estate; (v) the modification or amendment of the Indenture; (vi) other matters; and (vii) the definition of capitalized terms used in this Class A Note that are not defined herein; to all of which the Class A Noteholders and Note Owners assent by the acceptance of the Class A Notes.

This Class A Note is issued pursuant to the Indenture and it and the Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and the obligations, rights and remedies of the parties hereunder shall be determined in accordance with such laws (including, without limitation, §5-1401 and §5-1402 of the General Obligations Law of the State of New York, but otherwise without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws).

Reference is hereby made to the provisions of the Indenture and such provisions are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Indenture Trustee by manual signature, this Class A Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

A-1-9

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

In Witness Whereof, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the date set forth below.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, as Issuer

By

    Name: Robert L. Lane

    Title: Executive Vice President,

     Chief Financial Officer

A-1-10

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Indenture Trustee's Certificate of Authentication

This is one of the Class A Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Dated:

Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Indenture Trustee

By

    Name:

    Title:

A-1-11

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

[Form of Assignment]

For Value Received, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto

(Please insert Social Security or Taxpayer Identification number of Assignee)

_______________________________

_______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
(Please Print or Typewrite Name and Address of Assignee)

______________________________________________________________________________
the within Note, and all rights thereunder, and hereby does irrevocably constitute and appoint

______________________________________________________________________________
Attorney to transfer the within Note on the books kept for registration thereof, with full power of substitution in the premises.

Date:___________________

____________________________________

Notice: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name as it appears upon the face of the within Note in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.

A-1-12

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit A-2

Form of Class B Note

Note Number: [__]

Unless this Global Note is presented by an authorized representative of the Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation ("DTC"), to the Issuer or its Agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any global note issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede & Co. or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC) any transfer, pledge or other use hereof for value or otherwise by or to any person is wrongful inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co., has an interest herein.

Transfers of this Global Note shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to nominees of DTC or to a successor thereof or such successor's nominee and transfers of portions of this Global Note shall be limited to transfers made in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Indenture referred to herein.

THIS NOTE (OR ITS PREDECESSOR) HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS OF ANY STATE IN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY FOREIGN SECURITIES LAW. NEITHER THIS NOTE NOR ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM. EACH PURCHASER OF THIS NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN IS HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT THE SELLER OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN MAY BE RELYING ON THE EXEMPTION FROM THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 5 OF THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144A THEREUNDER.

EACH PURCHASER AND TRANSFEREE (AND IF THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR PLAN SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, ITS FIDUCIARY) BY ITS PURCHASE OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN IS DEEMED TO HAVE REPRESENTED AND WARRANTED THAT EITHER (1) IT IS NOT, AND IS NOT ACQUIRING THE NOTE OR INTEREST THEREIN FOR OR ON BEHALF OF OR WITH THE ASSETS OF, ANY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN AS DEFINED IN SECTION 3(3) OF THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974, AS AMENDED ("ERISA") THAT IS SUBJECT TO TITLE I OF ERISA OR ANY OTHER "PLAN" AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4975(E)(1) OF THE CODE THAT IS SUBJECT TO SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR ANY ENTITY WHOSE UNDERLYING ASSETS INCLUDE PLAN ASSETS BY REASON OF AN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN'S OR PLAN'S INVESTMENT IN SUCH ENTITY (EACH A "BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR"), OR ANY PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO ANY LAW SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR TO ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE ("SIMILAR LAW"), OR (2) IF PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE IS A BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR OR A PLAN THAT IS SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAW, THE PURCHASE, HOLDING AND DISPOSITION OF THIS NOTE OR INTEREST HEREIN DOES NOT RESULT IN A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER ERISA OR SECTION 4975 OF THE CODE OR A NON-EXEMPT PROHIBITED TRANSACTION UNDER OR VIOLATION OF SIMILAR LAW AND WILL

A-2-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

BE CONSISTENT WITH ANY APPLICABLE FIDUCIARY DUTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED UPON THE PURCHASER OR TRANSFEREE.

THE HOLDER OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ISSUER THAT (A) THIS NOTE AND ANY INTEREST HEREIN MAY ONLY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN MINIMUM DENOMINATIONS OF $100,000 AND IN INTEGRAL MULTIPLES OF $1,000 IN EXCESS THEREOF, AND ONLY (I) IN THE U.S. TO A PERSON WHOM THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER (AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A (ACTING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT AND NOT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF OTHERS, OR AS A FIDUCIARY OR AGENT FOR OTHER QIBS TO WHOM NOTICE IS GIVEN THAT THE SALE, PLEDGE OR TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN RELIANCE ON RULE 144A), (II) OUTSIDE THE U.S. IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR (III) PURSUANT TO ANOTHER EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT (IF AVAILABLE AND EVIDENCED BY AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE ISSUER AND THE INDENTURE TRUSTEE), IN EACH OF CASES (I) THROUGH (III) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE U.S. AND ANY OTHER APPLICABLE JURISDICTION, AND (B) THE HOLDER WILL, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT HOLDER IS REQUIRED TO, NOTIFY ANY PURCHASER OF THIS GLOBAL NOTE OR ANY INTEREST HEREIN FROM IT OF THE RESALE RESTRICTIONS REFERRED TO ABOVE.NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION, ANY NOTE THAT HAS ORIGINALLY BEEN PROPERLY ISSUED IN AN AMOUNT NO LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION, OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, MAY BE OFFERED, RESOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN A DENOMINATION LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DENOMINATION IF SUCH LESSER DENOMINATION IS SOLELY A RESULT OF A REDUCTION OF PRINCIPAL DUE TO PAYMENTS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INDENTURE.

[For Temporary Regulation S Global Note, add the following:

THIS NOTE IS A TEMPORARY GLOBAL NOTE FOR PURPOSES OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT WHICH IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR A PERMANENT REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN AND IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO HEREIN.

PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS 40 DAYS AFTER THE LATER OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE OFFERING AND THE ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE OF THE NOTES, THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE U.S. OR TO A U.S. PERSON EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.]

THE PURCHASER UNDERSTANDS THAT THE ISSUER MAY RECEIVE A LIST OF PARTICIPANTS HOLDING POSITIONS IN THE NOTES FROM THE SECURITIES DEPOSITORY.

A-2-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sections 2.07 and 2.08 of the Indenture contain further restrictions on the transfer and resale of this Note (or interest therein). Each Transferee of this Note, by acceptance hereof, is deemed to have accepted this Note subject to the foregoing restrictions on transferability.

Each Noteholder or Note Owner, by its acceptance of this Note (or interest therein), covenants and agrees that such Noteholder or Note Owner, as the case may be, shall not, prior to the date that is one year and one day after the termination of the Indenture, acquiesce, petition or otherwise invoke or cause the Issuer to invoke the process of any court or governmental authority for the purpose of commencing or sustaining a case against the Issuer under any federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, indenture trustee, custodian, sequestrator or other similar official of the Issuer or any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the Issuer.

The principal of this Note is payable in installments as set forth herein. Accordingly, the outstanding principal amount of this Note at any time may be less than the amount shown on the face hereof. Any person acquiring this security may ascertain its current principal amount by inquiry of the Indenture Trustee.

A-2-3

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC
Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B
Class B Note

[RULE 144A GLOBAL NOTE]

[TEMPORARY REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE]

[PERMANENT REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE]

Original Issue Date	Rated Final Maturity	Issue Price
August 17, 2022	August 20, 2049	94.89582%

Registered Owner:    Cede & Co.

Initial Principal Balance: Up to $49,700,000

CUSIP No. [86744VAB7][U8677VAB9]

ISIN No. [US86744VAB71][ USU8677VAB90]

This Certifies That Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (hereinafter called the "Issuer"), which term includes any successor entity under the Indenture, dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), between the Issuer and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (together with any successor thereto, hereinafter called the "Indenture Trustee"), for value received, hereby promises to pay to the Registered Owner named above or registered assigns, subject to the provisions hereof and of the Indenture, (A) the interest based on the Interest Accrual Period at the Note Rate defined in the Indenture, on each Payment Date beginning in September 2022 (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day), and (B) principal on each Payment Date in the manner and subject to the Priority of Payments or the Acceleration Event Priority of Payments, as applicable, as set forth in the Indenture; provided, however, that the Notes are subject to prepayment as set forth in the Indenture. This note (this "Class B Note") is one of a duly authorized series of Class B Notes of the Issuer designated as its Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B (the "Class B Notes"). The Indenture authorizes the issuance of up to $178,000,000 in Outstanding Note Balance of Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A (the "Class A Notes") and up to $49,700,000 in Outstanding Note Balance of the Class B Notes (together with the Class A Notes, the "Notes"). The Indenture provides that the Notes will be entitled to receive payments in reduction of the Outstanding Note Balance, in the amounts, from the sources, and at the times more specifically as set forth in the Indenture. The Notes are secured by the Trust Estate (as defined in the Indenture).

A-2-4

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto for a statement of the respective rights thereunder of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Holders of the Notes and the terms upon which the Notes are to be authenticated and delivered. All terms used in this Note which are not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

The obligation of the Issuer to repay the Notes is a limited, nonrecourse obligation secured only by the Trust Estate. All payments of principal of and interest on the Class B Notes shall be made only from the Trust Estate, and each Noteholder and each Note Owner, by its acceptance of this Class B Note, agrees that it shall be entitled to payments solely from such Trust Estate pursuant to the terms of the Indenture. The actual Outstanding Note Balance on this Class B Note may be less than the principal balance indicated on the face hereof. The actual Outstanding Note Balance on this Class B Note at any time may be obtained from the Indenture Trustee.

With respect to payment of principal of and interest on the Class B Notes, the Indenture provides the following:

(a)    Until fully paid, principal payments on the Class B Notes will be made on each Payment Date in an amount, at the time, and in the manner provided in the Indenture. The Outstanding Note Balance of each Class B Note shall be payable no later than the Rated Final Maturity thereof unless the Outstanding Note Balance of such Class B Note becomes due and payable at an earlier date pursuant to the Indenture, and in each case such payment shall be made in an amount and in the manner provided in the Indenture.

(b)    The Class B Notes shall bear interest on the Outstanding Note Balance of the Class B Notes and accrued but unpaid interest thereon, at the applicable Note Rate. The Interest Distribution Amounts with respect to the Class B Notes shall be payable on each Payment Date to the extent that the Collection Account then contains sufficient amounts to pay such Interest Distribution Amounts pursuant to Section 5.07 of the Indenture. Each Interest Distribution Amount will accrue on the basis of a 360 day year consisting of twelve 30 day months.

All payments of interest and principal on the Class B Notes on the applicable Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Class B Note is registered at the close of business as of the Record Date for such Payment Date in the manner provided in the Indenture. All reductions in the Outstanding Note Balance of a Class B Note (or one or more Predecessor Notes) effected by full or partial payments of installments of principal shall be binding upon all past, then current, and future Holders of such Class B Note and of any Class B Note issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof, whether or not such payment is noted on such Class B Note.

The Rated Final Maturity of the Notes is the Payment Date in August 2049 unless the Notes are earlier prepaid in whole or accelerated pursuant to the Indenture. The Indenture Trustee shall pay to each Class B Noteholder of record on the preceding Record Date either (i) by wire transfer, in immediately available funds to the account of such Class B Noteholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities therefor, if such Class B Noteholder shall have provided to the Indenture Trustee appropriate written instructions at least five Business Days prior to the related Payment Date (which instructions may remain in effect for subsequent

A-2-5

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Payment Dates unless revoked by the Class B Noteholder), or (ii) if not, by check mailed to such Class B Noteholder at the address of such Class B Noteholder appearing in the Note Register, the amounts to be paid to such Class B Noteholder pursuant to such Class B Noteholder's Notes; provided, that so long as the Class B Notes are registered in the name of the Securities Depository such payments shall be made to the nominee thereof in immediately available funds.

The Class B Notes shall be subject to voluntary prepayment at the option of the Issuer in the manner and subject to the provisions of the Indenture. Whenever by the terms of the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee is required to prepay the Class B Notes, and subject to and in accordance with the terms of Article VI of the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee shall give notice of the prepayment in the manner prescribed by the Indenture.

Subject to certain restrictions contained in the Indenture, (i) the Class B Notes are issuable in the minimum denomination of $100,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof (provided, that one Class B Note may be issued in an additional amount equal to any remaining portion of the Initial Outstanding Note Balance) and (ii) the Class B Notes may be exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of Class B Notes of authorized denominations of the same maturity.

The final payment on any Definitive Note shall be made only upon presentation and surrender of the Note at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee.

The Class B Noteholders shall have no right to enforce the provisions of the Indenture or to institute action to enforce the covenants therein, or to take any action with respect to any Event of Default, or to institute, appear in or defend any Proceedings with respect thereto, except as provided in the Indenture.

The Class B Notes may be exchanged, and their transfer may be registered, by the Noteholders in person or by their attorneys duly authorized in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee only in the manner, subject to the limitations provided in the Indenture, and upon surrender and cancellation of the Class B Notes. Upon exchange or registration of such transfer, a new registered Class B Note or Notes evidencing the same outstanding principal amount will be executed in exchange therefor.

All amounts collected as payments on the Trust Estate or otherwise shall be applied in the order of priority specified in the Indenture.

Each Person who has or who acquires any Ownership Interest in a Class B Note shall be deemed by the acceptance or acquisition of such Ownership Interest to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the Indenture. A Noteholder may not sell, offer for sale, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise transfer or encumber all or any part of its interest in the Class B Notes except pursuant to an effective registration statement covering such transaction under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and effective qualification or registration under all applicable State securities laws and regulations or under an exemption from registration under said Securities Act and said State securities laws and regulations.

[Add the following for Rule 144A Global Notes:

A-2-6

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Interests in this Class B Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Temporary Regulation S Global Note or Regulation S Global Note, in each case subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.]

[Add the following for Temporary Regulation S Global Notes:

Interests in this Class B Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Rule 144A Global Note, subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.

On or after the 40th day after the later of the Closing Date and the commencement of the offering of the Notes, interests in this Temporary Regulation S Global Note may be exchanged (free of charge) for interests in a Permanent Regulation S Global Note. The Permanent Regulation S Global Note shall be so issued and delivered in exchange for only that portion of this Temporary Regulation S Global Note in respect of which there shall have been presented to DTC by Euroclear or Clearstream a certification to the effect that it has received from or in respect of a person entitled to an interest (as shown by its records) a certification that the beneficial interests in such Temporary Regulation S Global Note are owned by persons who are not U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S).]

[Add the following for Permanent Regulation S Global Notes:

Interests in this Class B Note may be exchanged for an interest in the corresponding Rule 144A Global Note, subject to the restrictions specified in the Indenture.]

Prior to the date that is one year and one day after the payment in full of all amounts payable with respect to the Class B Notes, each Person who has or acquires an Ownership Interest in a Class B Note agrees that such Person will not institute against the Issuer, or join any other Person in instituting against the Issuer, any Insolvency Proceedings or other Proceedings under the laws of the United States or any State. This covenant shall survive the termination of the Indenture.

Before the due presentment for registration of transfer of this Class B Note, the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and any agent of the Issuer or the Indenture Trustee may treat the person in whose name this Class B Note is registered (i) on any Record Date for purposes of making payments, and (ii) on any other date for any other purpose, as the owner hereof, whether or not this Class B Note be overdue, and neither the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

The Indenture permits the amendment thereof for the purpose of adding any provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of, the Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders under the Indenture at any time by the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee (and, in some cases, only with the consent of the Noteholder affected thereby) and compliance with certain other conditions. Any such consent by the Holder, at the time of the giving thereof, of this Class B Note (or any one or more Predecessor Notes) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Class B Note and of any Class B Note issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange hereof or in lieu hereof whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Class B Note.

A-2-7

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

The Class B Notes and all obligations with respect thereto, including obligations under the Indenture, will be limited recourse obligations of the Issuer payable solely from the Trust Estate. Neither the Issuer, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, the Performance Guarantor, the Depositor, the Manager, the Transition Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Custodian, the Note Registrar, the Indenture Trustee in its individual capacity or in its capacity as Indenture Trustee, nor any of their respective Affiliates, agents, partners, beneficiaries, officers, directors, stockholders, stockholders of partners, employees or successors or assigns, shall be personally liable for any amounts payable, or performance due, under the Notes or the Indenture. Without limiting the foregoing, each Noteholder and each Note Owner of any Class B Note by its acceptance thereof, and the Indenture Trustee, shall be deemed to have agreed (i) that it shall look only to the Trust Estate to satisfy the Issuer's obligations under or with respect to a Class B Note or the Indenture, including but not limited to liabilities under Article V of the Indenture and liabilities arising (whether at common law or equity) from breaches by the Issuer of any obligations, covenants and agreements herein or, to the extent enforceable, for any violation by the Issuer of applicable State or federal law or regulation, provided that, the Issuer shall not be relieved of liability hereunder with respect to any misrepresentation in the Indenture or any Transaction Document, or fraud, of the Issuer and (ii) to waive any rights it may have to obtain a deficiency or other monetary judgment against either the Issuer or any of its principals, directors, officers, beneficial owners, employees or agents (whether disclosed or undisclosed) or their respective assets (other than the Trust Estate). The foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall not (i) prevent recourse to the Trust Estate or any Person (other than the Issuer) for the sums due or to become due under any security, instrument or agreement which is part of the Trust Estate; (ii) constitute a waiver, release or discharge of any indebtedness or obligation evidenced by the Class B Notes or secured by the Indenture, but the same shall continue until paid or discharged; or (iii) prevent the Indenture Trustee from exercising its rights with respect to the Grant, pursuant to the Indenture, of the Issuer's rights under the Transaction Documents. It is further understood that the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall not limit the right of any Person to name the Indenture Trustee in its capacity as Indenture Trustee under the Indenture or the Issuer as a party defendant in any action or suit or in the exercise of any remedy under the Notes or the Indenture, so long as no judgment in the nature of a deficiency judgment or seeking personal liability shall be asked for or (if obtained) enforced. It is expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released to the extent provided herein as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of the Indenture and the issuance of the Notes.

The remedies of the Holder of this Class B Note as provided herein, in the Indenture or in the other Transaction Documents, shall be cumulative and concurrent and may be pursued solely against the assets of the Trust Estate. No failure on the part of the Noteholder in exercising any right or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver or release thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or remedy preclude any other further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or remedy hereunder.

The Class B Notes are issuable only in registered form in denominations as provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth. At the option of the Class B Noteholder, Class B Notes may be exchanged for Class B Notes of like terms, in any authorized denominations and of like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at the Corporate Trust Office of the Indenture Trustee, subject to the terms and conditions of the Indenture.

A-2-8

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, a copy of which is on file with the Indenture Trustee, for the provisions, among others, with respect to (i) the nature and extent of the rights, duties and obligations of the Indenture Trustee, the Issuer and the Class B Noteholders; (ii) the terms upon which the Class B Notes are executed and delivered; (iii) the collection and disposition of payments or proceeds in respect of the Conveyed Property; (iv) a description of the Trust Estate; (v) the modification or amendment of the Indenture; (vi) other matters; and (vii) the definition of capitalized terms used in this Class B Note that are not defined herein; to all of which the Class B Noteholders and Note Owners assent by the acceptance of the Class B Notes.

This Class B Note is issued pursuant to the Indenture and it and the Indenture shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York and the obligations, rights and remedies of the parties hereunder shall be determined in accordance with such laws (including, without limitation, §5-1401 and §5-1402 of the General Obligations Law of the State of New York, but otherwise without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws).

Reference is hereby made to the provisions of the Indenture and such provisions are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Indenture Trustee by manual signature, this Class B Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

A-2-9

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

In Witness Whereof, the Issuer has caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the date set forth below.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, as Issuer

By

    Name: Robert L. Lane

    Title: Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

A-2-10

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Indenture Trustee's Certificate of Authentication

This is one of the Class B Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Dated:

Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Indenture Trustee

By

    Name:

    Title:

A-2-11

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

[Form of Assignment]

For Value Received, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto

(Please insert Social Security or Taxpayer Identification number of Assignee)

_______________________________

_______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
(Please Print or Typewrite Name and Address of Assignee)

______________________________________________________________________________
the within Note, and all rights thereunder, and hereby does irrevocably constitute and appoint

______________________________________________________________________________
Attorney to transfer the within Note on the books kept for registration thereof, with full power of substitution in the premises.

Date:___________________

____________________________________

Notice: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name as it appears upon the face of the within Note in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.

A-2-12

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit B-1

Form of Transfer Certificate for Exchange or Transfer From Rule 144A Global Note to Regulation S Global note

[DATE]

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

            Re:    Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

Ladies and Gentlemen:

    Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), by and among Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC (the "Issuer") and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (in such capacity, the "Indenture Trustee"). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

This letter relates to US $[__] aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of Notes, Class [__] (the "Notes") which are held in the form of the Rule 144A Global Note (CUSIP No. __________) with the Depository in the name of [insert name of transferor] (the "Transferor"). The Transferor has requested a transfer of such beneficial interest for an interest in the Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP No. __________) to be held with [Euroclear] [Clearstream]1 (Common Code No. ___________) through the Depository.

In connection with such request and in respect of such Notes, the Transferor does hereby certify that such transfer has been effected in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Indenture and [(i) with respect to transfers made]2 pursuant to and in accordance with Rules 903 and 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and accordingly the Transferor does hereby certify that:

(1)    the offer of the Notes was not made to a person in the United States,

(2)    [at the time the buy order was originated, the transferee was outside the United States or the Transferor and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the transferee was outside the United States] [the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither the transferor nor any person

* Select appropriate depository.

2 To be included only after the 40-day distribution compliance period.

B-1-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was pre-arranged with a buyer in the United States],3

(3)    [the transferee is not a U.S. Person within the meaning of Rule 902(k) of Regulation S nor a Person acting for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person,]4

(4)    no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903 or Rule 904 of Regulation S, as applicable,

(5)    the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act,

(6)    upon completion of the transaction, the beneficial interest being transferred as described above will be held with the Depository through [Euroclear] [Clearstream].5

[or (ii) with respect to transfers made in reliance on Rule 144 under the Securities Act, the Transferor does hereby certify that the Notes being transferred are eligible for resale by the Transferor pursuant to Rule 144(b)(1) under the Securities Act.]6

This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Servicer.

[Insert Name of Transferor]


By: _____________________

Name:
Title:

Dated:

3 Insert one of these two provisions, which come from the definition of "offshore transaction" in Regulation S.

4 To be included only during the 40-day distribution compliance period.

5 Appropriate depository required for transfers prior to the end of the 40-day distribution compliance period.

6 To be included only after the 40-day distribution compliance period.

B-1-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit B-2

Form Of Transfer Certificate For Exchange Or Transfer
From Regulation S Global Note
To Rule 144A Global Note

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

            Re:    Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

Ladies and Gentlemen:

    Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), by and among Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC (the "Issuer") and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (in such capacity, the "Indenture Trustee"). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

This letter relates to US $[___] aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of Notes, Class [__] (the "Notes") which are held in the form of the Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP No. __________) with [Euroclear] [Clearstream]7 (Common Code No. __________) through the Depository in the name of [insert name of transferor] (the "Transferor"). The Transferor has requested a transfer of such beneficial interest in the Notes for an interest in the Regulation 144A Global Note (CUSIP No. __________).

In connection with such request, and in respect of such Notes, the Transferor does hereby certify that such Notes are being transferred in accordance with (i) the transfer restrictions set forth in the Indenture, and (ii) (A) Rule 144A under the Securities Act to a transferee that the Transferor reasonably believes is purchasing the Notes for its own account with respect to which the transferee exercises sole investment discretion and the transferee and any such account is a "QIB" ("QIB") within the meaning of Rule 144A, in each case in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any State or any other applicable jurisdiction or (B) to a QIB pursuant to another applicable exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act; provided that an Opinion of Counsel confirming the applicability of the exemption claimed shall have been delivered to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee in a form reasonably acceptable to them.

7 Select appropriate depository.

B-2-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Servicer.

[Insert Name of Transferor]

By:______________________
Name:
Title:
Dated:

B-2-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit B-3

Form Of Transfer Certificate For Transfer
From Definitive Note
To Definitive Note

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

Re:Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC

Ladies and Gentlemen:

    Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), by and among Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC (the "Issuer") and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (in such capacity, the "Indenture Trustee"). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture.

This letter relates to US $[___] aggregate Outstanding Note Balance of Notes, Class [__] (the "Notes") which are held as Definitive Notes (CUSIP No. __________) in the name of [insert name of transferor] (the "Transferor"). The Transferor has requested a transfer of such beneficial interest in the Notes to [insert name of transferee] (the "Transferee").

In connection with such request, and in respect of such Notes, the Transferor does hereby certify that such Notes are being transferred in accordance with (i) the transfer restrictions set forth in the Indenture, and (ii) (A) Rule 144A under the Securities Act to a transferee that the Transferor reasonably believes is purchasing the Notes for its own account with respect to which the transferee exercises sole investment discretion and the transferee and any such account is a "QIB" ("QIB") within the meaning of Rule 144A, in each case in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any State or any other applicable jurisdiction, (B) pursuant to and in accordance with Rules 903 and 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act or (C) pursuant to another applicable exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act; provided that an Opinion of Counsel confirming the applicability of the exemption claimed shall have been delivered to the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee in a form reasonably acceptable to them.

[If transfer is pursuant to Regulation S, add the following:

The Transferor hereby certifies that:

(1)    the offer of the Notes was not made to a person in the United States,

(2)    [at the time the buy order was originated, the transferee was outside the United States or the Transferor and any person acting on its behalf reasonably believed that the transferee was outside the United States] [the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither the transferor nor any person

B-3-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was pre-arranged with a buyer in the United States]8,

(3)    the transferee is not a U.S. Person within the meaning of Rule 902(k) of Regulation S nor a Person acting for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person,

(4)    no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903 or Rule 904 of Regulation S, as applicable, and

(5)    the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act.]

This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Issuer, the Indenture Trustee and the Servicer.

[Insert Name of Transferor]

By:______________________
Name:
Title:
Dated:

8 Insert one of these two provisions, which come from the definition of "offshore transaction" in Regulation S.

B-3-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit C

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC
Notice of Voluntary Prepayment

[DATE]

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

Sunnova Energy Corporation

20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540

Houston, TX 77046

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Pursuant to Section 6.01 of the Indenture dated as of August 17, 2022 (the "Indenture"), between Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC (the "Issuer") and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the "Indenture Trustee"), the Indenture Trustee is hereby directed to prepay in [whole][part] the Issuer's [[_]][[_]][[_]]% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class [A/B/C] on [_______ __, 20__] (the "Voluntary Prepayment Date").

[FOR PREPAYMENT OF ALL OUTSTANDING NOTES: On or prior to the Voluntary Prepayment Date, as required by Section 6.02 of the Indenture, the Issuer shall deposit into the Collection Account, the sum of (A) the Aggregate Outstanding Note Balance, (B) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, (C) the Make Whole Amount, if any, (D) the Note Balance Write-Down Amount, if any, (E) the Deferred Interest Amount, if any, (F) the Post-ARD Additional Interest Amount, if any, (G) the Deferred Post-ARD Additional Interest Amount, if any, and (H) all amounts owed to the Indenture Trustee, the Manager, the Servicer, the Backup Servicer, the Transition Manager and any other parties to the Transaction Documents, minus thesum of the amounts then on deposit in the Reserve Account, the Section 25D Interest Account and the Equipment Replacement Reserve Account (the "Prepayment Amount").]

[FOR PREPAYMENT IN PART: On or prior to the Voluntary Prepayment Date, as required by Section 6.02 of the Indenture, the Issuer shall deposit into the Collection Account, the sum of (i) the amount of outstanding principal of the Notes being prepaid, (ii) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, and (iii) the related Make Whole Amount, if applicable (the "Prepayment Amount").]

On the specified Voluntary Prepayment Date, provided that the Indenture Trustee has received the Prepayment Amount, on or prior to such specified Voluntary Prepayment Date, the Indenture Trustee is directed to (x) withdraw the Prepayment Amount from the Collection Account and disburse such amounts in accordance with the Priority of Payments (without giving effect to clauses (vii) through (xi) thereof) and (y) to the extent the Aggregate Outstanding Note

C-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Balance is prepaidand all other obligations of the Issuer under the Transaction Documents have been paid, release any remaining assets in the Trust Estate to, or at the direction of, the Issuer.

You are hereby instructed to provide all notices of prepayment required by Section 6.02 of the Indenture. All terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Indenture.

[signature page follows]

C-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

In Witness Whereof, the undersigned has executed this Notice of Voluntary Prepayment on the ___ day of _________, _____.

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, as Issuer

By

    Name:

    Title:

C-3

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit D

RULE 15GA-1 INFORMATION

Reporting Period:

Asset Class

Shelf

Series Name

CIK

Originator

[ ] No.

Servicer [ ] No.

Outstanding Principal Balance

Repurchase Type

Indicate Repurchase Activity During the Reporting Period by Checkmark or by Date Reference (as applicable)

Subject to Demand

Repurchased or Replaced

Repurchased Pending

Demand in Dispute

Demand Withdrawn

Demand Rejected

Terms and Definitions:

NOTE: Any date included on this report is subject to the descriptions below. Dates referenced on this report for this Transaction where the Servicer is not the Repurchase Enforcer (as defined below); availability of such information may be dependent upon information received from other parties.

References to "Repurchaser" shall mean the party obligated under the Transaction Documents to repurchase a [ ]. References to "Repurchase Enforcer" shall mean the party obligated under the Transaction Documents to enforce the obligations of any Repurchaser.

Outstanding Principal Balance: For purposes of this report, the Outstanding Principal Balance of a [ ] in this Transaction equals the remaining outstanding principal balance of the [ ] reflected on the distribution or payment reports at the end of the related reporting period, or if the [ ] has been liquidated prior to the end of the related reporting period, the final outstanding principal balance of the [ ] reflected on the distribution or payment reports prior to liquidation.

Subject to Demand: The date when a demand for repurchase is identified and coded by the Servicer or Indenture Trustee as a repurchase related request.

Repurchased or Replaced: The date when a [ ] is repurchased or replaced. To the extent such date is unavailable, the date upon which the Servicer or the Indenture Trustee obtained actual knowledge a [ ] has been repurchased or replaced.

Repurchase Pending: A [ ] is identified as "Repurchase Pending" when a demand notice is sent by the Indenture Trustee, as Repurchase Enforcer, to the Repurchaser. A [ ] remains in this category until (i) a [ ] has been Repurchased, (ii) a request is determined to be a "Demand in Dispute," (iii) a request is determined to be a "Demand Withdrawn," or (iv) a request is determined to be a "Demand Rejected."

With respect to the Servicer only, a [ ] is identified as "Repurchase Pending" on the date (y) the Servicer sends notice of any request for repurchase to the related Repurchase Enforcer, or (z) the Servicer receives notice of a repurchase request but determines it is not required to take further action regarding such request pursuant to its obligations under the applicable Transaction Documents. The [ ] will remain in this category until the Servicer receives actual knowledge from the related Repurchase Enforcer, Repurchaser, or other party, that the repurchase request

D-1

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

should be changed to "Demand in Dispute", "Demand Withdrawn", "Demand Rejected", or "Repurchased."

Demand in Dispute: Occurs (i) when a response is received from the Repurchaser which refutes a repurchase request, or (ii) upon the expiration of any applicable cure period.

Demand Withdrawn: The date when a previously submitted repurchase request is withdrawn by the original requesting party. To the extent such date is not available, the date when the Servicer or the Indenture Trustee receives actual knowledge of any such withdrawal.

Demand Rejected: The date when the Indenture Trustee, as Repurchase Enforcer, has determined that it will no longer pursue enforcement of a previously submitted repurchase request. To the extent such date is not otherwise available, the date when the Servicer receives actual knowledge from the Indenture Trustee, as Repurchase Enforcer, that it has determined not to pursue a repurchase request.

In connection therewith, if Proceedings are commenced or threatened [in writing] in connection with which this certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce this certification to any interested party in such Proceedings.

Date: ____________, 20__9

Yours faithfully,

[ ]

By: _________________________________Name:
Title:

9 To be dated no later than three Business Days following the receipt of any Demands by the Indenture Trustee.

D-2

[***] Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EX-10.3

Exhibit 10.3

SUNNOVA HELIOS IX ISSUER, LLC

SOLAR LOAN BACKED NOTES, SERIES 2022-B

$178,000,000	5.00%	Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A
$49,700,000	6.00%	Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B

NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

August 12, 2022

CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC

Eleven Madison Avenue, 4th Floor

New York, New York 10010-3629

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Section 1.Introductory. Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Issuer”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to sell to Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (the “Initial Purchaser”), the 5.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class A (the “Class A Notes”) and the 6.00% Solar Loan Backed Notes, Series 2022-B, Class B (the “Class B Notes” and together with the Class A Notes, the “Notes”), in the Initial Outstanding Note Balances set forth in Exhibit D attached to this note purchase agreement (this “Agreement”). On the Closing Date, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sunnova ABS Holdings IX”), Sunnova Intermediate  Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sunnova Intermediate Holdings”), and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sunnova Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Sunnova Energy”), Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Depositor”), and the Issuer will enter into a sale and contribution agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”), dated as of the Closing Date, pursuant to which: (i) Sunnova ABS Holdings IX will acquire the Conveyed Property from Sunnova Intermediate Holdings; (ii) the Depositor will acquire the Conveyed Property from Sunnova ABS Holdings IX; and (iii) the Issuer will acquire the Conveyed Property from the Depositor.  The Notes are to be issued under an indenture, dated as of the Closing Date (the “Indenture”), by and between the Issuer and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association (“Wilmington Trust”), as indenture trustee (in such capacity, the “IndentureTrustee”). Pursuant to the Indenture, the Issuer will pledge the Trust Estate (including the Conveyed Property and the rights and remedies under the Contribution Agreement) to the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders to secure the Notes. Pursuant to a management agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among the Issuer, Sunnova ABS Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sunnova Management” and together with Sunnova Energy, the Issuer, the Depositor, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, the “Sunnova Entities”), as manager, and Wilmington Trust, as transition manager, and pursuant to a servicing agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among the Issuer, Sunnova Management, as servicer, and Wilmington Trust, as backup servicer, Sunnova Management will provide certain operations and maintenance and administrative services to the Issuer. Finally, in connection with the transaction, Sunnova Energy will deliver a performance guaranty, dated as of the Closing Date, in favor of the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the Noteholders. The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, is herein referred to as the “Securities Act”. Capitalized terms used in

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

this Agreement but not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the “Standard Definitions” attached as Annex A to the Indenture.

Section 2.Representations and Warranties of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy. Each of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy, jointly and severally represents and warrants to the Initial Purchaser, on the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, that:

(a)The Issuer has prepared (i) a confidential preliminary offering circular relating to the Notes to be offered by the Initial Purchaser dated August 3, 2022 (such confidential preliminary offering circular, including schedules and exhibits attached thereto, the “Preliminary Offering Circular”), (ii) the road show presentation dated August 2022 attached as Exhibit B to this Agreement (the “Road Show”), (iii) one or more reports on Form ABS-15G furnished on EDGAR with respect to the transaction contemplated by this Agreement (“Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Reports”), (iv) quantitative data with respect to (1) the Intex cdi file (2) the Microsoft Excel files titled “SNVA 2022-B Investor Tape.xlsb”, “SNVA 2022-B Base Case CF (Maturity).xlsx”, “Loan Default & Recovery Analysis_2022.03.31_vFF (PR vs Non-PR).xlsb” and “2.2.1 Sunnova - Official Contract Transfers_3.31.2022_vF_External.xlsx”,in each case, provided by Sunnova Energy, the Issuer or the Depositor, directly or indirectly, to one or more prospective investors, whether in electronic form or otherwise (the "Collateral Data Information"), and (v) the information delivered to prospective holders of the Notes (other than the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Road Show) attached as Exhibit A to this Agreement (the “Pricing Information” and, together with the Road Show, the Form ABS-15-G Due Diligence Reports, the Collateral Data Information and the Preliminary Offering Circular, the “Time of Sale Information”). The Issuer will prepare a final confidential offering circular, dated August 12, 2022, that includes the offering prices and other final terms of the Notes (such offering circular, including schedules and exhibits attached thereto, the “Offering Circular”). Each of the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, as amended or supplemented by additional information are collectively referred to as the “Offering Document”. The Offering Document at a particular time means the Offering Document in the form actually amended or supplemented and issued at such time. The “Time of Sale” means 3:35 PM EST on August 12, 2022.

The Preliminary Offering Circular, as of the date thereof did not and as of the Closing Date will not, and the Time of Sale Information (taken as a whole), as of the Time of Sale, did not and as of the Closing Date will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Offering Circular, as amended, as of the date thereof, did not, and as of the Closing Date, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, none of the Issuer, the Depositor or Sunnova Energy makes any representations or warranties as to the Initial Purchaser Information, it being understood and agreed that the “Initial Purchaser Information” is only such information that is described as such in Section 7(b) hereof. If, subsequent to the initial Time of Sale, the Issuer and the Initial Purchaser determine that the original Time of Sale Information included an untrue statement of material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and the Initial Purchaser advises the Issuer that investors in the Notes have elected to terminate their initial “contracts of sale” (within the meaning of Rule 159 under the Securities Act, the “Contracts of Sale”) and enter into new Contracts of Sale, then the “Time of Sale” will refer to the time of entry into the first new Contract of Sale and the “Time of Sale Information” will refer

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

to the information available to purchasers at the time of entry (prior to the Closing Date) into the first new Contract of Sale, including any information that corrects such material misstatements or omissions (such new information, the “Corrective Information”) and Exhibit A to this Agreement will be deemed to be amended to include such Corrective Information in the Time of Sale Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purposes of Section 7 hereof, in the event that an investor elects not to terminate its initial Contract of Sale and enter into a new Contract of Sale, “Time of Sale” will refer to the time of entry into such initial Contract of Sale and “Time of Sale Information” with respect to Notes to be purchased by such investor will refer to information available to such purchaser at the time of entry into such initial Contract of Sale.

(b)The Issuer is a limited liability company formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with limited liability company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and the Issuer is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect (as defined herein).

(c)The Depositor is a limited liability company formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with limited liability company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and the Depositor is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(d)Sunnova Energy is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and Sunnova Energy is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(e)Sunnova Intermediate Holdings is a limited liability company formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with limited liability company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and Sunnova Intermediate Holdings is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(f)Sunnova ABS Holdings IX is a limited liability company formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with limited liability company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and Sunnova ABS Holdings IX is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(g)Sunnova Management is a limited liability company formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with limited liability company power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Transaction Documents and each other agreement or instrument contemplated thereby to which it is or will be a party; and Sunnova Management is duly qualified to do business as a foreign entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for such jurisdictions where failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(h)The Indenture has been duly authorized by the Issuer and on the Closing Date, the Indenture will have been duly executed and delivered by the Issuer, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery thereof by the Indenture Trustee, will constitute a valid and legally binding obligation of the Issuer, enforceable against the Issuer in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights or remedies and subject to general equity principles (whether considered in a suit at law or in equity) and except as rights to indemnification may be limited by public policy, applicable law relating to fiduciary duties and indemnification and contribution and an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

(i)The Notes have been duly authorized by the Issuer and, when authenticated by the Indenture Trustee in the manner provided for in the Indenture and paid for and delivered pursuant to this Agreement on the Closing Date, such Notes will have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Issuer, enforceable against the Issuer in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights or remedies and subject to general equity principles (whether considered in a suit at law or in equity) and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

(j)No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required for the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or in connection with the issuance and sale of the Notes by the Issuer other than (i) as have been made or obtained on or prior to the Closing Date

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(or, if not required to be made or obtained on or prior to the Closing Date, that will be made or obtained when required), (ii) as may be required under the Securities Act (which is addressed in Section 2(q) hereof), State securities or Blue Sky laws in any jurisdiction in the U.S. or under the securities laws of any foreign jurisdiction and (iii) those that, if not obtained, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on the Sunnova Entities.

(k)The execution, delivery and performance of each of the Transaction Documents by each of the Sunnova Entities which is or will be party to such Transaction Documents and the issuance and sale of the Notes and compliance with the terms and provisions thereof will not (i) result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, constitute a default under or conflict with (A) any statute, rule, regulation or order of any governmental agency or body, or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over such Sunnova Entity, or any of their properties; (B) any agreement or instrument to which such Sunnova Entity is a party, by which such Sunnova Entity is bound or to which any of the properties of such Sunnova Entity is subject; or (C) the organizational documents of such Sunnova Entity; or (ii) other than as contemplated by the Transaction Documents, result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of such Sunnova Entity; except, in the case of clauses (i)(A), (i)(B) and (ii), for such breaches, violations, defaults, conflicts, liens, charges or encumbrances that individually or in the aggregate would not have a Material Adverse Effect on Sunnova Energy, Sunnova Management, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings or Sunnova ABS Holdings IX.

(l)This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which any Sunnova Entity is a party have each been duly authorized, and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery thereof by the other parties thereto, when executed and delivered by such Sunnova Entity shall constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Sunnova Entity enforceable against such Sunnova Entity in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights or remedies and subject to general principles of equity (whether considered in a suit at law or in equity) and except as rights to indemnification may be limited by public policy, applicable law relating to fiduciary duties and indemnification and contribution and an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

(m)On the Closing Date (with respect to an Initial Solar Loan) and each Transfer Date on which the Issuer acquires Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, the Issuer shall have good and marketable title to the Conveyed Property, in each case free from liens, encumbrances and defects that would materially and adversely affect the value thereof or materially and adversely interfere with the use made or to be made thereof by it (other than Permitted Liens).

(n)On the Closing Date (with respect to an Initial Solar Loan) and each Transfer Date on which the Issuer acquires Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, each Solar Loan Agreement and the rest of the documents comprising the Custodian File for the Solar Loans acquired by the Issuer on such date will be transmitted to the Electronic Vault.

(o)Each of the Sunnova Entities possesses all material certificates, authorities or permits issued by appropriate governmental agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by it, except where failure to possess such certificates, authorities or permits would not have a material adverse effect on (i) the condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of such Sunnova Entity, as the case may be, (ii) the ability of such Sunnova Entity, as the case may be, to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents, (iii) the validity or enforceability of the Transaction Documents to

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

which such Sunnova Entity, as the case may be, is a party or (iv) the Trust Estate (a “Material Adverse Effect”), and it has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authority or permit that, if determined adversely to such Sunnova Entity, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect on such Sunnova Entity.

(p)Except as disclosed in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, there are no pending actions, suits, investigations, or proceedings to which any Sunnova Entity or any of their respective properties, are subject, by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, body or arbitrator, that if determined adversely to such Sunnova Entity, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect on such Sunnova Entity, would materially and adversely affect the validity or enforceability of the Transaction Documents to which such Sunnova Entity is a party, the Notes, or the U.S. federal or State income, excise, franchise or other tax treatment of the Notes or the Issuer, or which are otherwise material in the context of the sale of the Notes; and to each Sunnova Entity’s knowledge, no such actions, suits, investigations or proceedings are threatened or contemplated.

(q)The Issuer is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Notes and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, will not be subject to registration as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”); and in making this determination the Issuer will be relying primarily on an exclusion from the definition of “investment company” contained in Section 3(c)(5)(A) thereof, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the Issuer. The Issuer is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of Section 619 of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Volcker Rule”), based on its current interpretations.

(r)The Notes are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (“Rule 144A”). When the Notes are issued and delivered pursuant to the Indenture and this Agreement, no securities of the same class (within the meaning of Rule 144A(d)(3) under the Securities Act) as the Notes will be listed on any national securities exchange, registered under Section 6 of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”), or quoted in a U.S. automated interdealer quotation system.

(s)Assuming compliance by the Initial Purchaser with the covenants and that the representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 hereof are true, the offer and sale of the Notes to the Initial Purchaser in the manner contemplated by the Offering Circular and this Agreement will be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by reason of Section 4(a)(2) thereof and the Indenture is not required to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). None of the Sunnova Entities, any of their respective Affiliates nor any person acting on its or their behalf (other than the Initial Purchaser and its Affiliates and agents, as to which no representation or warranty is made) has directly or indirectly solicited any offer to buy or offered to sell or will directly or indirectly solicit any offer to buy or offer to sell in the United States or to any United States citizen or resident any security which is or would be integrated with the sale of the Notes in a manner that would require the Notes to be registered under the Securities Act. None of the Sunnova Entities, any of their respective Affiliates nor any person acting on their behalf (other than the Initial Purchaser and its Affiliates and agents, as to which no representation or warranty is made) has or will solicit offers for, or offer to sell the Notes by any form of general solicitation or general

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

advertising within the meaning of Rule 502(c) of Regulation D under the Securities Act or in any manner involving a public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

(t)No Sunnova Entity has entered or will enter into any contractual arrangement with respect to the distribution of the Notes except for this Agreement.

(u)None of the Sunnova Entities, any of their respective affiliates nor any Person acting on its or their behalf (other than the Initial Purchaser and its Affiliates and agents, as to which no representation or warranty is made) has engaged or will engage in any directed selling efforts within the meaning of Rule 902 of Regulation S and each of the Sunnova Entities, their respective affiliates and any Person acting on its or their behalf (other than the Initial Purchaser and its Affiliates and agents, as to which no representation or warranty is made) has complied and will comply with the “offering restrictions” of Regulation S in connection with the offering of the Notes outside of the United States. The Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular will contain the disclosure required by Rule 902(g)(2) under the Securities Act.

(v)Each of the representations and warranties of each Sunnova Entity set forth in each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party will be, as of the Closing Date, true and correct, in all material respects. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and the Notes conform or will conform in all material respects to the respective descriptions contained in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular.

(w)Any transfer, stamp, documentary, recording, registration and other similar taxes, fees and other governmental charges in connection with the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents or the execution, delivery and sale of the Notes, in each case which are due and payable by a Sunnova Entity on or prior to the Closing Date, have been or will be paid on or prior to the Closing Date.

(x)Except as expressly described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular (x) there has not been any change in or affecting the general affairs, business, management, financial condition, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or regulatory situation of any Sunnova Entity that would result in a Material Adverse Effect and (y) no Sunnova Entity is in default under any agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound which would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

(y)Immediately after the consummation of the transactions to occur on the Closing Date (with respect to an Initial Solar Loan) and each related Transfer Date on which the Issuer acquires Qualified Substitute Solar Loans, (i) the fair value of the total assets of Sunnova Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries, at a fair valuation, will exceed its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise; (ii) the present fair saleable value of the property of Sunnova Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries will be not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of its total existing debts and other liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and other liabilities become absolute and matured; (iii) each Sunnova Entity will be able to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured; and (iv) Sunnova Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries will not have unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which they are engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted immediately following the Closing Date (with respect to an Initial Solar Loan) and each related Transfer Date on which the Issuer acquires Qualified Substitute Solar Loans after

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

giving due consideration to the prevailing practice in the industry in which Sunnova Energy is engaged.

(z)Each of the Sunnova Entities and their respective Affiliates owns or licenses or otherwise has the right to use all licenses, permits, trademarks, trademark applications, patents, patent applications, service marks, tradenames, copyrights, copyright applications, franchises, authorizations and other intellectual property rights that are necessary for the operation of its businesses in order to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is or will be a party and the operation and maintenance of the Solar Loans without infringement upon or conflict with the rights of any other Person with respect thereto, in each case except (i) where the failure to own, license or have such rights or (ii) for such infringements and conflicts which, in respect of both (i) and (ii) individually or in the aggregate, are not reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa)None of the Sunnova Entities has received an order from the Securities and Exchange Commission, any State securities commission or any foreign government or agency thereof preventing or suspending the issuance and offering of the Notes, and to the best knowledge of each Sunnova Entity, no such order has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted.

(bb)None of the Sunnova Entities has engaged in any activity or conduct which would violate any applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption or anti-money laundering laws, regulations or rules in any applicable jurisdiction and Sunnova Energy has instituted and maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent any such violation. None of the Sunnova Entities is a Person that is: (i) the subject of any economic or trade sanctions or restrictive measures enacted, administered, imposed or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, Her Majesty’s Treasury, the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the European Union, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”) or (ii) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions broadly prohibiting dealings with such government, country, or territory (each, a “Sanctioned Country”), including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, the region of Crimea, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and Russia. Each Sunnova Entity will not and will cause each other Sunnova Entity not to, in violation of applicable Sanctions, directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Notes, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii) in or involving a Sanctioned Country or any country or territory which at the time of such funding is the subject of comprehensive country-wide or territory-wide Sanctions, other than Cuba or Iran, or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of applicable Sanctions. None of the Sunnova Entities nor any of their affiliates or subsidiaries have knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country in violation of applicable Sanctions. Each Sunnova Entity represents and covenants that, regardless of Sanctions, it will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Notes, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, to fund any activities of or business in or involving Cuba or Iran.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(cc)None of the Sunnova Entities or any of their affiliates has engaged or as of the Closing Date will have engaged, in any transaction, investment, undertaking or activity that conceals the identity, source or destination of the proceeds of any category of offenses designated in “The Forty Recommendations” published by the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering on June 20, 2003, or in violation of the laws or regulations of the United States, including, but not limited to, the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. §§ 5311 et seq.), Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act (Pub. L. 107-56), and the regulations promulgated under each of the foregoing, the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 et seq.) or FINRA Conduct Rule 3011, or the anti-money laundering laws of any other jurisdiction, in each case as such laws and regulations may be applicable to the Sunnova Entities or, to the knowledge of such Sunnova Entity, any of their affiliates, all as amended, and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Sunnova Entities or, to the knowledge of such Sunnova Entity, any of their affiliates is or as of the Closing Date will be, as the case may be, in each case with respect to such money laundering laws, pending or, to the knowledge of the Sunnova Entities, threatened. Sunnova Energy represents that it has established an anti-money laundering program that is reasonably designed to ensure compliance with applicable U.S. laws, regulations, and guidance, including rules of self-regulatory organizations, relating to the prevention of money laundering, terrorist financing, and related financial crimes.

(dd)None of the Sunnova Entities is or as of the Closing Date will be, and, to the knowledge of such Sunnova Entity, no director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of such Sunnova Entity is or as of the Closing Date will be, the target of any economic sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”); and no Sunnova Entity will, in violation of applicable Sanctions, use, directly or indirectly, any of the proceeds of the offering of the Notes contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of conducting business in or with, engaging in any transaction in or with, or financing the activities of, any country, person, or entity that is the target of any U.S. economic sanctions administered by OFAC.

(ee)No Sunnova Entity is and as of the Closing Date will be, and, to the knowledge of such Sunnova Entity, no director, officer, agent, employee, partner, or affiliate of a Sunnova Entity is or as of the Closing Date will be, aware of any action, and no Sunnova Entity has taken and as of the Closing Date will have taken, as the case may be, and, to the knowledge of such Sunnova Entity, no director, officer, agent, employee, partner or affiliate of a Sunnova Entity has taken or as of the Closing Date will have (i) taken, as the case may be, any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”) (15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1, et seq.) or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in each case in contravention of the FCPA or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws; (ii) used any funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (iii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

party or party official or candidate for political office; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any unlawful rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Sunnova Entities and their affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws and Sunnova Energy has instituted, maintained and enforced, and will continue to maintain and enforce policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

(ff)The Issuer and, prior to the formation of the Issuer, Sunnova Energy has complied and as of the Closing Date, the Issuer and Sunnova Energy will have complied with the representations, certifications and covenants made by Sunnova Energy to the Rating Agencies in connection with the engagement of the Rating Agencies to issue and monitor credit ratings on the Notes, including any representation provided to the Rating Agencies by the Issuer or Sunnova Energy in connection with Rule 17g-5(a)(3)(iii) of the Exchange Act (“Rule 17g-5”) except where non-compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Issuer and Sunnova Energy shall be solely responsible for compliance with Rule 17g-5 in connection with the issuance, monitoring and maintenance of the credit ratings on the Notes. Neither Initial Purchaser is responsible for compliance with any aspect of Rule 17g-5 in connection with the Notes.

(gg)None of the Sunnova Entities or their respective Affiliates has engaged or will engage any third-party due diligence service providers (each a “Third-Party Due Diligence Provider”) to undertake “due diligence services” in connection with the issuance of the Notes (such services as defined in Rule 17g-10(d)(1) of the Exchange Act, “Third-Party Due Diligence Services”) and none of the Sunnova Entities or their respective Affiliates has obtained or will obtain a “third-party due diligence report” in connection with the issuance of the Notes (such report as defined in Rule 15Ga-2(d) of the Exchange Act, a “Third-Party Due Diligence Report”), except as specifically set forth in Exhibit C hereto.

(hh)The Issuer, the Depositor or Sunnova Energy has provided any Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report to the Initial Purchaser within a reasonable time prior to the furnishing or filing of such report, or any portion thereof, on the Securities and Exchange Commission's EDGAR website or its 17g-5 website, as applicable. All Third Party Due Diligence Reports are deemed to have been obtained by the Issuer, the Depositor or Sunnova Energy pursuant to Rules 15Ga-2(a) and 17g-10 under the Exchange Act, and all legal obligations with respect to Third-Party Due Diligence Reports have been timely complied with (including without limitation that each Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report was furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission at least five Business Days before the date hereof as required by Rule 15Ga-2(a) under the Exchange Act). No portion of any Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report contains any names, addresses, other personal identifiers or zip codes with respect to any individuals, or any other personally identifiable or other information that would be associated with an individual, including without limitation any “nonpublic personal information” within the meaning of Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999.

(ii)Sunnova Energy is the “sponsor” (in such capacity, the “Sponsor”) and the Depositor is a “majority-owned affiliate” of the Sponsor (in each case, as defined under Regulation RR of the Exchange Act (the “Risk Retention Rules”)). The Depositor, as sole owner of the beneficial interests of the Issuer, holds an “eligible horizontal residual interest” (as defined in the Risk Retention Rules) equal to at least 5% of the fair value of all the “ABS interests” (as defined in the Risk Retention Rules) in the Issuer issued as part of the transactions

    10    

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

contemplated by the Transaction Documents (the “Retained Interest”), determined as of the Closing Date using a fair value measurement framework under United States generally accepted accounting principles.

(jj)The Sponsor is in compliance with all the legal requirements imposed by the Risk Retention Rules on the sponsor of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(kk)The Sponsor has determined the fair value of the Retained Interest based on its own valuation methodology, inputs and assumptions.

(ll)No election has been, or will be, made or filed pursuant to which the Issuer is or will be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(mm)Sunnova Energy is the “originator” for purposes of the EU Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements and the Retained Interest will constitute a material net economic interest of not less than 5% of the nominal value (measured at the origination) of the securitized exposures in accordance with Article 6(3)(d) of the EU Securitization Regulation. Sunnova Energy is the “originator” for purposes of the UK Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements and the Retained Interest will constitute a material net economic interest of not less than 5% of the nominal value (measured at the origination) of the securitized exposures in accordance with Article 6(3)(d) of the UK Securitization Regulation.

(mn)As of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, the information included in any Beneficial Ownership Certification provided by any Sunnova Entity or any affiliate thereof to which the Beneficial Ownership Regulation is applicable with respect to the transactions undertaken pursuant to the Transaction Documents, is true and correct in all respects. A “Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification required by 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230 (the “Beneficial Ownership Regulation”).

Section 3.Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Notes.

(a)On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Issuer agrees to sell to the Initial Purchaser and the Initial Purchaser agrees to purchase the Notes from the Issuer at the purchase prices and in an Initial Outstanding Note Balances, with respect to each Class of Notes, each as set forth opposite the name of the Initial Purchaser in Exhibit D attached hereto.

(b)The Issuer will deliver, against payment of the purchase price, the Notes to be offered and sold by the Initial Purchaser in reliance on Regulation S (the “Regulation S Notes”) in the form of one or more temporary global notes in registered form without interest coupons (the “Regulation S Global Notes”) which will be deposited with the Indenture Trustee, in its capacity as custodian, for The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) for the respective accounts of the DTC participants for Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”), and Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. The Issuer will deliver against payment of the purchase price of the Notes to be purchased by the Initial Purchaser hereunder and to be offered and sold by the Initial Purchaser in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “144A Notes”) in the form of one or more permanent global securities in definitive form without interest coupons (the “Rule 144A Global Notes”) deposited with the Indenture

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Trustee, in its capacity as custodian, for DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. The Regulation S Global Notes and the Rule 144A Global Notes shall be assigned separate CUSIP numbers. The Rule 144A Global Notes shall include the legend regarding restrictions on transfer set forth under “TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS” in the Offering Circular. Until the termination of the distribution compliance period (as defined in Regulation S) with respect to the offering of the Notes, interests in the Regulation S Global Notes may only be held by the DTC participants for Euroclear and Clearstream. Interests in any permanent global notes will be held only in book-entry form through Euroclear, Clearstream or DTC, as the case may be, except in the limited circumstances permitted by the Indenture.

(c)Payment for the Notes shall be made by the Initial Purchaser in Federal (same day) funds by wire transfer to an account at a bank designated by the Issuer and approved by the Initial Purchaser on August 17, 2022 (or, at such time not later than seven full Business Days thereafter as the Initial Purchaser and the Issuer determine on or prior to such date, the “Closing Date”) against delivery to the Indenture Trustee, in its capacity as custodian, for DTC of (i) the Regulation S Global Notes representing all of the Regulation S Notes for the respective accounts of the DTC participants for Euroclear and Clearstream and (ii) the Rule 144A Global Notes representing all of the 144A Notes. Copies of the Regulation S Global Notes and the Rule 144A Global Notes will be made available for inspection at the New York office of Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP (“Kramer Levin”) at least 24 hours prior to the Closing Date.

(d)Each of the Issuer, Sunnova Energy, the Depositor and the Initial Purchaser hereby acknowledges and agrees that, for all tax purposes, it is entering into this Agreement with the intention that the Notes will be characterized as indebtedness and shall treat the Notes as indebtedness, unless otherwise required by applicable law.

Section 4.Representations of the Initial Purchaser; Resales. The Initial Purchaser represents, warrants and agrees that with respect to itself:

(a)It is a qualified institutional buyer and an institutional “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) of the Securities Act).

(b)The Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act or under applicable State securities laws or blue sky laws or under the laws of any other jurisdiction and the Notes may not be offered or sold within the United States or to or for the account or benefit of U.S. Persons (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act), except to “qualified institutional buyers” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) in transactions meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and to non-U.S. persons in offshore transactions meeting the requirements of Regulation S. The Initial Purchaser represents and agrees that it has offered and sold the Notes, and will offer and sell the Notes (A) as part of its distribution at any time and (B) otherwise until 40 days after the later of the commencement of the offering and the Closing Date, only in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 144A and, in each case, in accordance with this Agreement and the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular. Terms used in this subsection (b) shall have the meanings given to them in Regulation S.

(c)It and each of its affiliates will not offer or sell the Notes in the United States by means of any form of general solicitation or general advertising within the meaning of Rule 502(c) under the Securities Act, including, but not limited to (i) any advertisement, article, notice or other communication published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio, or (ii) any seminar or meeting whose attendees have been invited by any general solicitation or general advertising or in any manner involving a public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(d)It has not obtained any Third-Party Due Diligence Report with respect to the Notes (it being understood that the Third-Party Due Diligence Reports set forth on Exhibit C have been obtained by a Sunnova Entity).

(e)It has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by the Offering Circular in relation thereto to any EEA Retail Investor in any member state of the European Economic Area (“EEA”). For the purposes of this provision:

(i)the expression “EEA Retail Investor” means a person who is one (or more) of the following:

(a)a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”);

(b)a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 on insurance distribution (as amended or superseded, the “Insurance Distribution Directive”), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or

(c)not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (as amended and including any relevant implementing measure in any Relevant Member State, the “EUProspectus Regulation”); and

(ii)the expression “offer” includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the Notes.

(f)(i) It has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) (the “FSMA”)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any Notes in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the Issuer; and (ii) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the Notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom (the “UK”).

(g)It has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by the Offering Circular in relation thereto to any UK Retail Investor in the UK. For the purposes of this provision:

(i)the expression “UK Retail Investor” means a person who is one (or more) of the following:

(a)a retail client as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/565 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (as amended, the “EUWA”) subject to amendments made by the Markets in Financial Instruments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/1403);

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(b)a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the FSMA and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement the Insurance Distribution Directive, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the EUWA subject to amendments made by the Markets in Financial Instruments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/1403); or

(c)not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (as amended, subject to amendments made by the Prospectus (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/1234), the “UKProspectus Regulation”); and

(ii)the expression “offer” includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the Notes.

Section 5.Certain Covenants of the Issuer and Sunnova Energy. The Issuer and Sunnova Energy each agree with the Initial Purchaser that:

(a)As promptly as practicable following the Time of Sale and not later than the second business day prior to the Closing Date, Sunnova Energy will prepare and deliver the Offering Circular to the Initial Purchaser. The Issuer will advise the Initial Purchaser promptly of any proposal to amend or supplement the Offering Document and will not effect such amendment or supplementation without the Initial Purchaser’s consent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld. If, at any time following delivery of any document comprising the Offering Document and prior to the completion of the resale of the Notes by the Initial Purchaser, any event occurs as a result of which such document as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, the Issuer promptly will notify the Initial Purchaser of such event and promptly will prepare, at its own expense, an amendment or supplement which will correct such statement or omission. If, at any time following delivery of any document comprising the Offering Document and prior to the completion of the resale of the Notes by the Initial Purchaser, if, in the reasonable opinion of the Initial Purchaser, a change to the Offering Document is necessary to comply with law or regulations, the Issuer promptly will prepare, at its own expense, an amendment or supplement which will cause the Offering Document to comply with such laws or regulations. Neither the consent of the Initial Purchaser to, nor the Initial Purchaser’s delivery to offerees or investors of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Section 6 hereof.

(b)The Issuer will furnish to the Initial Purchaser copies of each document comprising a part of the Offering Document as soon as available and in such quantities as the Initial Purchaser reasonably requests. Sunnova Energy will cause to be furnished to the Initial Purchaser on the Closing Date, the letters specified in Section 6(a) hereof. At any time the Notes are Outstanding, the Issuer will promptly furnish or cause to be furnished to the Initial Purchaser and, upon request of holders and prospective purchasers of the Notes, to such holders and prospective purchasers, copies of the information required to be delivered to holders and prospective purchasers of the Notes pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act (or any successor provision thereto) in order to permit compliance with Rule 144A in connection with

    14    

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

resales by such holders of the Notes. The Issuer will pay the expenses of printing and distributing to the Initial Purchaser all such documents.

(c)During the period of one year following the Closing Date, the Issuer will not, and will not permit any of its affiliates (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) to, resell any of the Notes that have been reacquired by any of them, except for sales in a transaction registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to any exemption under the Securities Act that results in such Securities not being “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act.

(d)So long as the Notes are outstanding, the Issuer will not conduct its business in a manner that will require it to be registered as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act.

(e)The Issuer will pay all expenses incidental to the performance of its obligations under the Transaction Documents including (i) all expenses in connection with the execution, issue, authentication, packaging and initial delivery of the Notes, the preparation of the Transaction Documents and the printing of the Offering Document and amendments and supplements thereto, and any other document relating to the issuance, offer, sale and delivery of the Notes; (ii) any expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Initial Purchaser) incurred in connection with qualification of the Notes for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Initial Purchaser designate and the printing of memoranda relating thereto; (iii) any fees due and payable to the Rating Agencies for the ratings of the Notes; (iv) expenses incurred in distributing the Offering Document (including any amendments and supplements thereto) to the Initial Purchaser; and (v) all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses of the Initial Purchaser (including any fees and disbursements of Kramer Levin, counsel to the Initial Purchaser, to the extent incurred); provided that the payment or reimbursement obligations described in this clause (e) in respect of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC or its agents and advisors will be subject to any applicable limitations thereon set forth in the Engagement Letter or as otherwise may be separately agreed with such person).

(f)Until the Initial Purchaser shall have notified the Issuer of the completion of the resale of the Notes, neither the Issuer nor any of its affiliates has or will, either alone or with one or more other persons, bid for or purchase for any account in which it or any of its affiliates has a beneficial interest, any Notes, or attempt to induce any person to purchase any Notes; and neither the Issuer nor any of its affiliates will make bids or purchases for the purpose of creating actual, or apparent, active trading in, or of raising the price of, the Notes.

(g)Each of the Issuer and Sunnova Energy will comply with the representations, certifications and covenants made by it in the engagement letter with each Rating Agency, including any representation, certification or covenant provided by it to the Rating Agencies in connection with Rule 17g-5, and will make accessible to any non-hired nationally recognized statistical rating organization all information provided by it to the Rating Agencies in connection with the issuance and monitoring of the credit ratings on the Notes in accordance with Rule 17g-5.

(h)As of the respective dates of the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular, the Sponsor complied with and was solely responsible for ensuring that the disclosure required by Rule 4(c)(1)(i) of the Risk Retention Rules was contained in the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular and on and after the Closing Date, the Sponsor shall comply with and be solely responsible for compliance with the Risk Retention

    15    

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Rules, including, without limitation (1) complying with or causing the Servicer to comply with the post-closing disclosure requirements set forth in Rule 4(c)(ii) of the Risk Retention Rules, (2) complying with the records maintenance requirements set forth in Rule 4(d) of the Risk Retention Rules, and (3) complying and causing the compliance with the hedging, transfer and financing prohibitions set forth in Rule 12 of the Risk Retention Rules.

(i)Each Sunnova Entity agrees that it will promptly following any request therefor, provide information and documentation reasonably requested by the Initial Purchaser for purposes of compliance with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the USA PATRIOT Act, and the regulations thereunder, and the Beneficial Ownership Regulation.

Section 6.Conditions of the Initial Purchaser’s Obligation. The obligation of the Initial Purchaser to purchase and pay for the Notes on the Closing Date will be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Sunnova Entities herein, the accuracy of the statements of officers of the Sunnova Entities made pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by each of the Sunnova Entities of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions precedent:

(a)The Initial Purchaser shall have received a letter or letters of Ernst & Young LLP, in form and substance satisfactory to the Initial Purchaser, confirming that they are certified independent public accountants and stating in effect that they have performed certain specified procedures, all of which have been agreed to by the Initial Purchaser, as a result of which they determined that certain information of an accounting, financial, numerical or statistical nature, including, but not limited to, the numerical information contained under the heading “Credit Risk Retention”, set forth in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular (including such documents that shall have been incorporated by reference therein) agrees with the accounting records of the Sunnova Entities, excluding any questions of legal interpretation.

(b)Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred (i) a change in U.S. or international financial, political or economic conditions or currency exchange rates or exchange controls (including, but not limited to, any such adverse development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic) as would, in the judgment of the Initial Purchaser, be likely to prejudice materially the success of the proposed issue, sale or distribution of the Notes, whether in the primary market or in respect of dealings in the secondary market, or (ii) (A) any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of any Sunnova Entity or any of their affiliates (including, but not limited to, any such adverse development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic), which, in the reasonable judgment of the Initial Purchaser, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with completion of the offering or the sale of and payment for the Notes; (B) any downgrading in the rating of any debt securities of any Sunnova Entities or any of their affiliates by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or any public announcement that any such organization has under surveillance or review its rating of any debt securities of any Sunnova Entity or any of their affiliates (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading, and no implication of a possible downgrading, of such rating); (C) any suspension or limitation of trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or any setting of minimum prices for trading on such exchange, or any suspension of trading of any securities of any Sunnova Entity or any of their affiliates on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market; (D) any banking moratorium declared by U.S. Federal or New York authorities; (E) any material disruption of clearing or settlement services in the United States; or (F) any outbreak or

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

escalation of major hostilities in which the United States is involved, any declaration of war by Congress or any other substantial national or international calamity or emergency if, in the judgment of the Initial Purchaser, the effect of any such outbreak, escalation, declaration, calamity or emergency makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with completion of the offering or sale of and payment for the Notes.

(c)The Notes shall have been duly authorized, executed, authenticated, delivered and issued, and each of the Transaction Documents shall have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the respective parties thereto and shall be in full force and effect, and all conditions precedent contained in the Transaction Documents that are required to be satisfied on the Closing Date shall have been satisfied or waived.

(d)The Initial Purchaser shall have received from counsel to each party to the Transaction Documents (except for the Initial Purchaser and as otherwise provided), written opinions dated the Closing Date in form and substance satisfactory to the Initial Purchaser, covering such matters as the Initial Purchaser may reasonably request, subject to customary qualifications, including but not limited to the following:

(i)Corporate Opinions. An opinion in respect of each party to the Transaction Documents (except for the Initial Purchaser) that such party is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its State of formation, with all requisite power and authority to own or hold its properties and conduct its business.

(ii)Legal, Valid, Binding and Enforceable. An opinion in respect of each party to the Transaction Documents (except for the Initial Purchaser) that each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly authorized, executed and delivered and constitutes the valid and legally binding obligations of such party, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer or conveyance, preference, moratorium, conservatorship and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, (ii) general equity principles and (iii) public policy, applicable law relating to fiduciary duties and indemnification and contribution, principles of materiality and reasonableness and implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing.

(iii)Notes. An opinion that the Notes are in the form contemplated by the Indenture and have been duly authorized by the Issuer and, when executed by the Issuer and authenticated by the Indenture Trustee in the manner provided in the Indenture and delivered to and paid for by the Initial Purchaser in accordance with this Agreement, (A) will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Issuer enforceable against the Issuer in accordance with their terms, subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer or conveyance, preference, moratorium, conservatorship and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, (ii) general equity principles and (iii) public policy, applicable law relating to fiduciary duties and indemnification and contribution, principles of materiality and reasonableness and implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing; and (B) will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

(iv)No Consents Required. An opinion in respect of each party to the Transaction Documents (except for the Initial Purchaser) that in respect of such party, no consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, any U.S. federal or New York State governmental authority or regulatory body or court (collectively, “Governmental Approvals”) is required to be

    17    

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

obtained by such party as a condition to (A) the offering, issuance or sale by the Issuer of the Notes or (B) the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by such party that is party thereto, except for (1) such Governmental Approvals as have been obtained, (2) the filing of the financing statements with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and (3) such Governmental Approvals which (I) are of a routine or administrative nature, (II) are not customarily obtained or made prior to the consummation of transactions such as those contemplated by this Agreement and (III) are expected in the reasonable judgment of such party to be obtained or made in the ordinary course of business.

(v)Litigation. An opinion in respect of each party to the Transaction Documents, that in respect of such party, and other than as disclosed in the Offering Circular, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings before any court or governmental agency or authority or arbitrator pending or threatened in writing against such party or any of their respective assets that, if determined adversely to such party or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or would materially and adversely affect the ability of such party to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents.

(vi)Non-Contravention. An opinion in respect of each party to the Transaction Documents (except for the Initial Purchaser) that in respect of such party the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party will not (A) violate the organizational documents of such party, (B) violate the DGCL, the Delaware LLC Act, the laws of the State of New York or applicable U.S. federal law, or (C) result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument to which such party or any such subsidiary is a party or by which such party or any such subsidiary is bound or to which any of the properties of such party or any such subsidiary is subject.

(vii)Securities Laws. An opinion that it is not necessary in connection with (A) the issuance and sale of the Notes by the Issuer to the Initial Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement, or (B) the resale of the Notes by the Initial Purchaser, in each case in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, to register the Notes under the Securities Act or to qualify the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

(viii)Investment Company Act. An opinion that the Issuer is not now and, immediately following the offering and sale of the Notes and the application of the proceeds from such sale as described in the Preliminary Offering Circular, the Time of Sale Information and the Offering Circular, will not be required to register as an “investment company”, as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

(ix)Volcker Rule. An opinion that the Issuer is not a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule, based on its current interpretations.

(x)Federal Income Tax. An opinion from Baker Botts L.L.P. (“Baker Botts”) that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (A) when issued, each Class of Notes (other than any Notes beneficially owned on or after the Closing Date by Sunnova Energy or any of its affiliates) will be characterized as indebtedness and (B) the Issuer will not be classified as an association, a publicly traded partnership, or a taxable mortgage pool that is taxable as a corporation.

    18    

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(xi)Bankruptcy. (A) An opinion to the effect that (x) each transfer of Conveyed Property by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX pursuant to the Contribution Agreement constitutes a “true contribution” or “true sale” of Conveyed Property by Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX and, in the event that Sunnova Intermediate Holdings were to become a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy Code, a court of competent jurisdiction would hold that the Conveyed Property and other assets contributed to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX under the Contribution Agreement would not constitute property of Sunnova Intermediate Holdings’ bankruptcy estate, (y) each transfer of Conveyed Property by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor pursuant to the Contribution Agreement constitutes a “true contribution” or “true sale” of Conveyed Property by Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor and, in the event that Sunnova ABS Holdings IX were to become a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy Code, a court of competent jurisdiction would hold that the Conveyed Property and other assets contributed to the Depositor under the Contribution Agreement would not constitute property of Sunnova ABS Holdings IX’s bankruptcy estate and (z) each transfer of Conveyed Property by the Depositor to the Issuer pursuant to the Contribution Agreement constitutes a “true contribution” or “true sale” of Conveyed Property by the Depositor to the Issuer and, in the event that the Depositor were to become a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy Code, a court of competent jurisdiction would hold that the Conveyed Property and other assets sold to the Issuer under the Contribution Agreement would not constitute property of the Depositor’s bankruptcy estate, (B) an opinion to the effect that in the event that any of Sunnova Energy, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova Management or the Depositor were to become a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy Code, a court of competent jurisdiction would not disregard the separate existence the Issuer and would not order the substantive consolidation of the assets and liabilities of (x) the Issuer on the one hand and (y) Sunnova Energy, Sunnova ABS Holdings IX, Sunnova Intermediate Holdings, Sunnova Management or the Depositor on the other hand and (C) an opinion or opinions, covering such bankruptcy matters as the Initial Purchaser may reasonably request.

(xii)Security Interests. An opinion to the effect that (A) in the event that any transfer of Conveyed Property from Sunnova Intermediate Holdings to Sunnova ABS Holdings IX shall be considered a loan secured by such Conveyed Property, the Contribution Agreement is effective to create in favor of Sunnova ABS Holdings IX a security interest in the accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, promissory notes and equipment (as each such term is defined in the New York UCC) that are included in such Conveyed Property sold under the Contribution Agreement and Sunnova ABS Holdings IX will have a perfected security interest in the Conveyed Property and other assets which may be perfected by filing, (B) in the event that any transfer of Conveyed Property from Sunnova ABS Holdings IX to the Depositor shall be considered a loan secured by such Conveyed Property, the Contribution Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Depositor a security interest in the accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, promissory notes and equipment (as each such term is defined in the New York UCC) that are included in such Conveyed Property sold under the Contribution Agreement and the Depositor will have a perfected security interest such Conveyed Property and other assets which may be perfected by filing, (C) in the event that any transfer of Conveyed Property from the Depositor to the Issuer shall be considered a loan secured by such Conveyed Property, the Contribution Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Issuer a security interest in the accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, promissory notes and equipment (as each such term is defined in the New York UCC) that are included in such Conveyed Property sold under that agreement and the Issuer will have a

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

perfected security interest in such Conveyed Property and other assets which may be perfected by filing, and (D) the Indenture is effective to create in favor of the Indenture Trustee for the benefit of the noteholders a security interest in the Trust Estate that is of a type in which a security interest may be created under Article 9 of the New York UCC and the Indenture Trustee will have a perfected security interest in the Trust Estate and other assets which may be perfected by filing.

(xiii)Electronic Chattel Paper. An opinion to the effect that (i) the Solar Loan Agreements related to the Solar Loans constitute “electronic chattel paper” as defined in Section 9-102(a)(31) of the UCC and (ii) upon execution of the Custodial Agreement and the Indenture, the Indenture Trustee acting through the Custodian will have a perfected security interest in the Solar Loan Agreements and the rest of the documents comprising the Custodian File for the Solar Loans by “control” pursuant to Section 9-105 of the UCC.

(xiv)The statements in the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular under the headings “The Issuer,” “The Depositor,” “Description of the Notes,” “The Trust Estate,” “The Solar Loans,” “The Indenture,” “The Manager, the Transition Manager and the Management Agreement,” “The Servicer, the Backup Servicer and the Servicing Agreement,” and “Transfer Restrictions,” and the related summary sections in “Summary of Terms,” insofar as they constitute a summary of the terms of the Notes, the Issuer Operating Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Management Agreement, the Servicing Agreement and the Indenture, are accurate in all material respects.

(xv)The statements in the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular under the headings “Summary of Terms—Legal Considerations—Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” “Summary of Terms—Legal Considerations—Certain ERISA Considerations,” “Summary of Terms—Legal Considerations—Certain Investment Company Act and Volcker Rule Considerations,” “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” “Considerations for ERISA and Other U.S. Employee Benefit Plans” and “Certain Investment Company Act and Volcker Rule Considerations”, insofar as they constitute statements of law or legal conclusions with respect thereto, are accurate in all material respects.

(e)(i) The Initial Purchaser shall have received a letter from Baker Botts that such counsel has no reason to believe the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Pricing Information (taken as a whole), as of the Time of Sale, and the Offering Circular as of its date or as of the Closing Date, includes or included any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or omitted to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, it being understood that such counsel will express no belief with respect to (a) the financial statements and schedules or other financial, statistical or accounting information contained or included therein or omitted therefrom or (b) the Collateral Data Information, the Road Show and the Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report and any information contained or included or incorporated by reference therein or omitted therefrom.

(ii)    The Initial Purchaser shall have received a letter from Kramer Levin that such counsel has no reason to believe the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Pricing Information (taken as a whole), as of the Time of Sale or as of the Closing Date, and the Offering Circular as of its date or as of the Closing Date, includes or

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

included any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or omitted to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, it being understood that such counsel will express no belief with respect to (a) the financial statements and schedules or other financial, statistical or accounting data contained or included therein or omitted therefrom or (b) the Collateral Data Information, the Road Show and the Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report and any information contained or included or incorporated by reference therein or omitted therefrom.

(f)The Initial Purchaser shall have received from each party to the Transaction Documents such information, certificates and documents as the Initial Purchaser may reasonably have requested and all proceedings in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and all documents incident hereto shall be in all material respects reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Initial Purchaser.

(g)(A) The Notes shall have received the ratings set forth in the Offering Circular from KBRA and Fitch, and (B) none of such ratings shall have been rescinded and no public announcement shall have been made by (x) KBRA or Fitch that the rating of any Class of Notes has been placed under review or (y) a non-hired rating agency that it has issued an unsolicited lower rating on any Class of Notes.

(h)The Initial Purchaser shall have received copies of each Third Party Due Diligence Report. Each of the Sunnova Entities shall have timely complied with all requirements of Rule 15Ga-2 under the Exchange Act to the satisfaction of the Initial Purchaser.

(i)The Sponsor shall be in compliance with the legal requirements imposed by the Risk Retention Rules on the sponsor of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(j)The Initial Purchaser shall have received a letter from Sunnova Energy containing representations and warranties of Sunnova Energy regarding compliance with the EU Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements and the UK Risk Retention, Due Diligence and Transparency Requirements.

(k)At least two business days prior to the date hereof, each Sunnova Entity and any affiliate thereof to which the Beneficial Ownership Regulation is applicable with respect to the transactions undertaken pursuant to the Transaction Documents, to the extent that any such entity qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation shall (i) deliver, or ensure that it has delivered, to the Initial Purchaser that so requests, a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to itself, or (ii) deliver to the Initial Purchaser an updated Beneficial Ownership Certification if any previously delivered Beneficial Ownership Certification ceases to be true and correct in all respects.

The Initial Purchaser may in its sole discretion waive compliance with any conditions to the obligations of the Initial Purchaser hereunder.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 7.Indemnification and Contribution.

(a)Each of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy, jointly and severally agrees (i) to indemnify and hold harmless the Initial Purchaser, its affiliates, directors, employees and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Initial Purchaser within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which the Initial Purchaser, affiliate, partner, director, employee, officer or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any document comprising a part of the Offering Document, a Form ABS-15G Due Diligence Report, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and (ii) to reimburse the Initial Purchaser for any documented legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Initial Purchaser, affiliate, director, employee, officer or controlling person in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred, including but not limited to the Initial Purchaser’s costs of defending itself against any claim or bringing any claim to enforce the indemnification or other obligations of a Sunnova Entity; provided, however, that none of the Sunnova Entities will be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any of such documents in reliance upon and in conformity with Initial Purchaser Information (as defined in subsection (b) below).

(b)The Initial Purchaser will indemnify and hold harmless the Sunnova Entities and each of their affiliates, directors, officers and employees, each person, if any, who controls the Issuer within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which they or any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any document comprising a part of the Offering Document or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or the alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Issuer by the Initial Purchaser specifically for use therein, and will reimburse any documented legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Sunnova Entities and such affiliate, director, officer, employee, agent or controlling person in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred, including but not limited to the costs of defending itself against any claim or bringing any claim to enforce the indemnification or other obligations of the Initial Purchaser, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Initial Purchaser consists of the first sentence of the second paragraph and the second sentence of the second to last paragraph under the caption “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION” in the Preliminary Offering Circular and the Offering Circular (collectively, the “Initial Purchaser Information”); provided, however, that the Initial Purchaser shall not be liable for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities arising out of or based upon the Issuer’s failure to perform its obligations under Section 5(a) hereof.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

(c)In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to either subsection (a) or (b), such person (the “indemnified party”) promptly shall notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “indemnifying party”) in writing and the indemnifying party, upon request of the indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any others the indemnifying party may designate in such proceedings and shall pay the fees and disbursements of not more than one such counsel related to such proceeding; provided, however, that the failure of any indemnified party to provide such notice to the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party of its obligations under this Section 7 unless such failure results in the forfeiture by the indemnifying party of substantial rights and defenses. In any such proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless: (i) the indemnifying party and the indemnified party agree on the retention of such counsel at the indemnifying party’s expense, (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the named parties to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed promptly as they are incurred. Such counsel shall be designated in writing by Sunnova Energy, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to subsection (a), and by the Initial Purchaser, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to subsection (b). The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to promptly indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity or contribution could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, consent, compromise or termination (i) includes an unconditional written release, in form and substance reasonable satisfactory to the indemnified party, of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (ii) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of such indemnified party.

(d)If the indemnification provided for in this Section is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of the expenses, losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy on the one hand and the Initial Purchaser on the other from the offering of the Notes or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy on the one hand and the Initial Purchaser on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such expenses, losses, claims, damages or liabilities as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

benefits received by the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy on the one hand and the Initial Purchaser on the other, in connection with the offering of the Notes, shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses other than any Initial Purchaser Compensation (as defined below)) received by the Issuer and the total discounts and commissions received by the Initial Purchaser (the “Initial Purchaser Compensation”) bear to the aggregate initial offering prices of the Notes. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Issuer, the Depositor, Sunnova Energy, or the Initial Purchaser and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this subsection (d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Initial Purchaser shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total discounts and commission received by it exceed the amount of any damages that it otherwise has been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.

(e)The obligations of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the Issuer, the Depositor or Sunnova Energy may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls the Initial Purchaser within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act; and the obligations of the Initial Purchaser under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which such Initial Purchaser may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls the Issuer, the Depositor or Sunnova Energy within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Section 8.Default of Initial Purchaser. If the Initial Purchaser defaults in its obligations to purchase Notes hereunder and the aggregate principal amount of Notes that such defaulting Initial Purchaser agreed but failed to purchase does not exceed 10% of the total principal amount of Notes, the non-defaulting Initial Purchaser may make arrangements satisfactory to the Issuer for the purchase of such Notes by other persons, including any other Initial Purchaser, but if no such arrangements are made by the Closing Date, the non-defaulting Initial Purchaser shall be obligated to purchase the Notes that such defaulting Initial Purchaser agreed but failed to purchase. If the Initial Purchaser so defaults and the principal amount of Notes with respect to which such default occurs exceeds 10% of the total principal amount of Notes and arrangements satisfactory to the non-defaulting Initial Purchaser and the Issuer for the purchase of such Notes by other persons are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Initial Purchaser or the Issuer, except as provided in Section 9 hereof. As used in this Agreement, the term "Initial Purchaser" includes any person substituted for the Initial Purchaser under this Section 8. Nothing herein will relieve a defaulting Initial Purchaser from liability in respect of any default of such Initial Purchaser under this Agreement.

Section 9.Survival of Certain Representations and Obligations. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Sunnova Entities or their respective officers and of the Initial Purchaser set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof, made by or on behalf of the Initial Purchaser, the Sunnova Entities, or any of their respective representatives, officers or directors or any controlling person,

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

and will survive delivery of and payment for the Notes. If for any reason the purchase of the Notes by the Initial Purchaser is not consummated, each of the Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy shall remain responsible for the expenses to be paid or reimbursed by it pursuant to Section 5 hereof (except in the event of a breach of this Agreement by the Initial Purchaser) and the respective obligations of the Issuer, the Depositor, Sunnova Energy and the Initial Purchaser pursuant to Section 7 hereof shall remain in effect.

Section 10.Severability Clause. Any part, provision, representation, or warranty of this Agreement which is prohibited or is held to be void or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof.

Section 11.Notices. All communications hereunder will be in writing and, (a) if sent to the Initial Purchaser will be mailed or delivered to Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Eleven Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010, Attention: Structured Products Finance; (b) if sent to the Issuer, will be mailed or delivered to it at 20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540, Houston, Texas 77046, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to Baker Botts L.L.P., 910 Louisiana St., Houston, Texas 77002, Attention: Travis Wofford; (c) if sent to the Depositor, will be mailed or delivered to it at 20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540, Houston, Texas 77046, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to Baker Botts L.L.P., 910 Louisiana St., Houston, Texas 77002, Attention: Travis Wofford; and (d) if sent to Sunnova Energy will be mailed or delivered to it at Sunnova Energy Corporation, 20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540, Houston, Texas 77046, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to Baker Botts L.L.P., 910 Louisiana St., Houston, Texas 77002, Attention: Travis Wofford; or, as to each of the foregoing, at such other address, facsimile number or e-mail address as shall be designated by written notice to the other party.

Section 12.Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the indemnified persons referred to in Section 7 hereof, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder, except that holders of the Notes shall be entitled to enforce the agreements for their benefit contained in the fourth sentence of Section 5(b) hereof against the Issuer as if such holders were parties thereto.

Section 13.Applicable Law. THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW OTHER THAN SECTIONS 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. The Issuer, the Depositor and Sunnova Energy hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and the courts of the United States of America of the Southern District of New York in each case sitting in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York and the appellate courts from any thereof in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Each party hereto waives, to the fullest extent permitted by requirements of law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any litigation directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with this Agreement. Each party hereto (i) certifies that no representative agent or attorney of any other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of litigation, seek to enforce the foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other parties hereto have been induced to enter into this Agreement by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications in this Section 13.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 14.Integration, Amendment and Counterparts. This Agreement supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof among the Initial Purchaser, Sunnova Energy, the Depositor and the Issuer. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated except by a writing signed by the party against whom enforcement of such change, waiver, discharge or termination is sought. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts (including electronic PDF), each of which shall be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute but one and the same agreement. The parties agree to electronic contracting and signatures with respect to this Agreement. Delivery of an electronic signature to, or a signed copy of, this Agreement by facsimile, email or other electronic transmission (including, without limitation, Adobe “fill and sign” and DOCUSIGN) shall be fully binding on the parties to the same extent as the delivery of the signed originals and shall be admissible into evidence for all purposes. The words “execution,” “execute,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in or related to any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement, or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act of 2000, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any party shall request manually signed counterpart signatures to this Agreement, each of the other parties hereby agrees to provide such manually signed signature pages as soon as commercially reasonable.

Section 15.No Petition. Prior to the date that is one year and one day after payment in full of the Notes, each party hereto agrees that it will not file any involuntary petition or otherwise institute, or join any other person in instituting, any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceeding or other proceeding under any federal or State bankruptcy or similar law against the Issuer.

Section 16.No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility. Each of the Issuer, Depositor and Sunnova Energy acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the purchase and sale of the Notes pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the offering prices of the Notes and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction among the Sunnova Entities and the Initial Purchaser and each of the Sunnova Entities is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (b) in connection with the purchase and sale of the Notes, the Initial Purchaser is and has been acting solely as principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of any of the Sunnova Entities, or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, stockholders, creditors or employees or any other party; (c) the Initial Purchaser has not assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of any of the Sunnova Entities with respect to any of the transactions contemplated hereby; (d) the Initial Purchaser and its affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Sunnova Entities and that no Initial Purchaser has any obligation to disclose any of such interests by virtue of any fiduciary or advisory relationship; (e) the Sunnova Entities shall each consult with their own advisors concerning the purchase and sale of the Notes and shall be responsible for making their own independent investigation and appraisal of the transaction contemplated hereby, and the Initial Purchaser shall not have any responsibility or liability to any Sunnova Entity with respect thereto; (f) no Initial Purchaser or its affiliates is providing or has provided legal, regulatory, tax, insurance or accounting advice in any jurisdiction; and (g) each of the Sunnova Entities waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Initial Purchaser for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty.

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

Section 17.Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

(a)In the event that the Initial Purchaser that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Initial Purchaser that is a Covered Entity of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

(b)In the event that the Initial Purchaser that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Initial Purchaser that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, any Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Initial Purchaser that is a Covered Entity are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

For the purposes of this Section 17, the following terms shall have the meaning ascribed to them below:

“BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

“Covered Entity” means any of the following:

(i)    a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

(ii)    a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

(iii)    a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

“U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

[Signature Page Follows]

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[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the undersigned a counterpart hereof, whereupon this Note Purchase Agreement shall represent a binding agreement among the Issuer, the Depositor, Sunnova Energy, and the Initial Purchaser.

Very truly yours,

Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC, as Issuer

By: /s/ Robert L. Lane                

Name:     Robert L. Lane

Title:     Executive Vice President,

        Chief Financial Officer

Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC, as Depositor

By: /s/ Robert L. Lane                

Name:     Robert L. Lane

Title:     Executive Vice President,

        Chief Financial Officer

Sunnova Energy Corporation

By: /s/ Robert L. Lane                

Name:     Robert L. Lane

Title:     Executive Vice President,

        Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Note Purchase Agreement]

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

The foregoing Note Purchase Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted

as of the date first above written.

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC,

as Initial Purchaser

By: /s/ Spencer Hunsberger            

Name: Spencer Hunsberger

Title: Managing Director

[Signature Page to Note Purchase Agreement]

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EXHIBIT A

Pricing Information

Class A Initial Outstanding Note Balance: $178,000,000

Class B Initial Outstanding Note Balance: $49,700,000

Class A Issue Price: 99.30723%

Class B Issue Price: 94.89582%

Class A Note Rate: 5.00%

Class B Note Rate: 6.00%

Class A Post-ARD Spread: [***]%

Class B Post-ARD Spread: [***]%

Class A CUSIP/ISIN: (144A) 86744VAA9 / US86744VAA98

            (Reg S) U8677VAA1/ USU8677VAA18

Class B CUSIP/ISIN: (144A) 86744VAB7/ US86744VAB71

            (Reg S) U8677VAB9 / USU8677VAB90

Pricing Date: August 12, 2022

Closing Date: August 17, 2022

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EXHIBIT B

Road Show

[see attached]

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EXHIBIT C

Third-Party Due Diligence Providers

1.Ernst & Young LLP

Third-Party Due Diligence Reports

1.Report of Independent Accountants on Applying Agreed Upon Procedures, dated July 29, 2022, obtained by the Depositor and Sunnova Energy and which sets forth the findings and conclusions, as applicable, of Ernst & Young LLP with respect to certain agreed-upon procedures performed by Ernst & Young LLP

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EXHIBIT D

Initial Purchaser	Class	Initial Note Balance	Purchase Price
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC	A	$178,000,000	[***]%
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC	B	$49,700,000	[***]%

[***] = Certain information has been excluded from this exhibit because it is both not material and would likely cause harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, William J. Berger, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sunnova Energy International Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 27, 2022	/s/ William J. Berger
		William J. Berger
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert L. Lane, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sunnova Energy International Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 27, 2022	/s/ Robert L. Lane
		Robert L. Lane
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, the undersigned officer of Sunnova Energy International Inc. (the “Registrant”) hereby certifies that, to his knowledge, the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date:	October 27, 2022	/s/ William J. Berger
		William J. Berger
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, the undersigned officer of Sunnova Energy International Inc. (the “Registrant”) hereby certifies that, to his knowledge, the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date:	October 27, 2022	/s/ Robert L. Lane
		Robert L. Lane
		Chief Financial Officer

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 24, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38995
Entity Registrant Name	Sunnova Energy International Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	30-1192746
Entity Address, Address Line One	20 East Greenway Plaza, Suite 540
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77046
City Area Code	281
Local Phone Number	892-1588
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	NOVA
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		114,909,899
Entity Central Index Key	0001772695
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 412,581	$ 243,101
Accounts receivable—trade, net		35,743	18,584
Accounts receivable—other		152,942	57,736
Other current assets, net of allowance of $5,306 and $1,646 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		336,047	296,321
Total current assets		937,313	615,742
Property and equipment, net		3,537,177	2,909,613
Customer notes receivable, net of allowance of $62,682 and $39,492 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		2,072,264	1,204,073
Intangible assets, net		169,187	190,520
Goodwill		13,150	13,150
Other assets		920,634	571,136
Total assets	[1]	7,649,725	5,504,234
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		94,647	55,033
Accrued expenses		121,195	81,721
Current portion of long-term debt		191,131	129,793
Other current liabilities		51,093	44,350
Total current liabilities		458,066	310,897
Long-term debt, net		4,807,107	3,135,681
Other long-term liabilities		631,137	436,043
Total liabilities	[1]	5,896,310	3,882,621
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		153,469	145,336
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, 114,895,870 and 113,386,600 shares issued as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, at $0.0001 par value		11	11
Additional paid-in capital—common stock		1,633,507	1,649,199
Accumulated deficit		(387,073)	(459,715)
Total stockholders' equity		1,246,445	1,189,495
Noncontrolling interests		353,501	286,782
Total equity		1,599,946	1,476,277
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity		$ 7,649,725	$ 5,504,234

[1] The consolidated assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $2,721,620 and $2,148,398, respectively, of assets of variable interest entities ("VIEs") that can only be used to settle obligations of the VIEs. These assets include cash of $33,695 and $23,538 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—trade, net of $9,834 and $6,167 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—other of $739 and $410 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current assets of $273,175 and $272,421 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; property and equipment, net of $2,362,041 and $1,817,471 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other assets of $42,136 and $28,391 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The consolidated liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $59,908 and $47,225, respectively, of liabilities of VIEs whose creditors have no recourse to Sunnova Energy International Inc. These liabilities include accounts payable of $8,965 and $6,014 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accrued expenses of $178 and $88 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current liabilities of $2,894 and $3,845 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other long-term liabilities of $47,871 and $37,278 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other current asset, allowance		$ 5,306	$ 1,646
Customer notes receivable, allowance		$ 62,682	$ 39,492
Common stock, issued (in shares)		114,895,870	113,386,600
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Assets	[1]	$ 7,649,725	$ 5,504,234
Cash		412,581	243,101
Accounts receivable—trade, net		35,743	18,584
Accounts receivable—other		152,942	57,736
Other current assets		336,047	296,321
Property and equipment, net		3,537,177	2,909,613
Other assets		920,634	571,136
Liabilities	[1]	5,896,310	3,882,621
Accounts payable		94,647	55,033
Accrued expenses		121,195	81,721
Other current liabilities		51,093	44,350
Other long-term liabilities		631,137	436,043
Primary beneficiary
Assets		2,721,620	2,148,398
Cash		33,695	23,538
Accounts receivable—trade, net		9,834	6,167
Accounts receivable—other		739	410
Other current assets		273,175	272,421
Property and equipment, net		2,362,041	1,817,471
Other assets		42,136	28,391
Liabilities		59,908	47,225
Accounts payable		8,965	6,014
Accrued expenses		178	88
Other current liabilities		2,894	3,845
Other long-term liabilities		$ 47,871	$ 37,278

[1] The consolidated assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $2,721,620 and $2,148,398, respectively, of assets of variable interest entities ("VIEs") that can only be used to settle obligations of the VIEs. These assets include cash of $33,695 and $23,538 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—trade, net of $9,834 and $6,167 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accounts receivable—other of $739 and $410 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current assets of $273,175 and $272,421 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; property and equipment, net of $2,362,041 and $1,817,471 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other assets of $42,136 and $28,391 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The consolidated liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include $59,908 and $47,225, respectively, of liabilities of VIEs whose creditors have no recourse to Sunnova Energy International Inc. These liabilities include accounts payable of $8,965 and $6,014 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; accrued expenses of $178 and $88 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; other current liabilities of $2,894 and $3,845 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and other long-term liabilities of $47,871 and $37,278 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 149,364	$ 68,901	$ 362,098	$ 176,733
Operating expense:
Cost of revenue—depreciation	24,663	19,665	69,935	55,621
Cost of revenue—inventory sales	40,917	0	89,884	0
Cost of revenue—other	15,567	7,342	32,974	13,572
Operations and maintenance	9,774	6,035	23,787	14,640
General and administrative	75,897	53,372	214,362	144,028
Other operating expense (income)	10,267	(9,337)	(4,186)	(5,303)
Total operating expense, net	177,085	77,077	426,756	222,558
Operating loss	(27,721)	(8,176)	(64,658)	(45,825)
Interest expense, net	18,328	26,588	36,275	84,748
Interest income	(16,185)	(9,098)	(40,428)	(24,266)
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	0	0	0	9,824
Other (income) expense	(12)	189	(327)	60
Loss before income tax	(29,852)	(25,855)	(60,178)	(116,191)
Income tax expense	0	64	0	64
Net loss	(29,852)	(25,919)	(60,178)	(116,255)
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	32,195	1,622	72,455	7,665
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$ (62,047)	$ (27,541)	$ (132,633)	$ (123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.25)	$ (1.16)	$ (1.12)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.25)	$ (1.16)	$ (1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	114,816,879	112,159,698	114,293,251	110,185,333
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	114,816,879	112,159,698	114,293,251	110,185,333

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (60,178)	$ (116,255)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	78,401	62,286
Impairment and loss on disposals, net	2,971	3,522
Amortization of intangible assets	21,333	14,111
Amortization of deferred financing costs	9,690	11,556
Amortization of debt discount	6,273	8,231
Non-cash effect of equity-based compensation plans	20,059	13,937
Unrealized gain on derivatives	(35,685)	(5,574)
Unrealized gain on fair value instruments	(4,136)	(4,665)
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, net	0	9,824
Other non-cash items	(14,087)	12,622
Changes in components of operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(100,537)	(27,194)
Other current assets	(139,946)	(99,731)
Other assets	(84,142)	(41,404)
Accounts payable	1,403	(5,226)
Accrued expenses	41,571	19,923
Other current liabilities	(4,243)	(1,617)
Other long-term liabilities	(4,542)	(1,193)
Net cash used in operating activities	(265,795)	(146,847)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(637,556)	(344,044)
Payments for investments and customer notes receivable	(902,773)	(553,475)
Proceeds from customer notes receivable	79,870	47,300
Proceeds from investments in solar receivables	9,388	0
Other, net	(282)	3,038
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,451,353)	(847,181)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt	2,308,033	1,890,185
Payments of long-term debt	(571,261)	(815,710)
Payments on notes payable	0	(34,555)
Payments of deferred financing costs	(24,748)	(27,031)
Payments of debt discounts	0	(2,324)
Purchase of capped call transactions	(48,420)	(91,655)
Payments of common stock issuance costs, net	(3,345)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net		9,911
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	236,661	226,432
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(20,847)	(10,407)
Payments of costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(10,380)	(8,159)
Other, net	(601)	(283)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,865,092	1,136,404
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	147,944	142,376
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	391,897	377,893
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	539,841	520,269
Restricted cash included in other current assets	(14,584)	(52,042)
Restricted cash included in other assets	(112,676)	(60,071)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	412,581	408,156
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment	14,019	50,057
Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to payments for investments and customer notes receivable	21,750	(37,086)
Non-cash issuance of common stock related to the settlement of contingent consideration	16,014	0
Non-cash conversion of convertible senior notes for common stock	0	95,648
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	105,375	70,415
Cash paid for income taxes	$ 0	$ 94

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative-effect adjustment	Total Stockholders' Equity	Total Stockholders' Equity Cumulative-effect adjustment	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital - Common Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative-effect adjustment	Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 136,124
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	2,110
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,090)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	40
Other, net	(62)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	137,122
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020					100,412,036
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,144,557	$ 2,254	$ 951,731	$ 2,254	$ 10	$ 1,482,716	$ (530,995)	$ 2,254	$ 192,826
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 [Member]
Net income (loss)	$ (26,174)		(32,983)				(32,983)		6,809
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					8,141,766
Issuance of common stock, net	65,542		65,542		$ 1	65,541
Equity component of debt instrument	(8,807)		(8,807)			(8,807)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	40,802								40,802
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,743)								(1,743)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(55)								(55)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(40)		37,213				37,213		(37,253)
Equity-based compensation expense	7,924		7,924			7,924
Other, net	(475)		1			1			(476)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021					108,553,802
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	1,223,785		1,022,875		$ 11	1,547,375	(524,511)		200,910
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	4,236
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,128)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	2
Other, net	(47)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2021	140,185
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(70,508)		(63,396)				(63,396)		(7,112)
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					3,431,715
Issuance of common stock, net	138,020		138,020			138,020
Capped call transactions	(91,655)		(91,655)			(91,655)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	75,808								75,808
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(2,300)								(2,300)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(3,035)								(3,035)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(2)		57,971				57,971		(57,973)
Equity-based compensation expense	2,920		2,920			2,920
Other, net	(655)		(1)			(1)			(654)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021					111,985,517
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2021	1,272,378		1,066,734		$ 11	1,596,659	(529,936)		205,644
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	3,332
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,146)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	5
Other, net	1
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	142,377
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(29,251)		(27,541)				(27,541)		(1,710)
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					279,137
Issuance of common stock, net	1,188		1,188			1,188
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	109,822								109,822
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(3,000)								(3,000)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(3,037)								(3,037)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(5)		51,683				51,683		(51,688)
Equity-based compensation expense	3,093		3,093			3,093
Other, net	(1,391)		1				1		(1,392)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021					112,264,654
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	1,349,797		1,095,158		$ 11	1,600,940	(505,793)		254,639
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	145,336
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(2,432)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	3,757
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,122)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(57)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(173)
Other, net	(123)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	145,186
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021					113,386,600
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	1,476,277		1,189,495		$ 11	1,649,199	(459,715)		286,782
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(18,197)		(33,583)				(33,583)		15,386
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					524,788
Issuance of common stock, net	(2,976)		(2,976)			(2,976)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	48,132								48,132
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(4,732)								(4,732)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(2,292)								(2,292)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	173		69,769				69,769		(69,596)
Equity-based compensation expense	10,864		10,864			10,864
Other, net	174								174
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					113,911,388
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	1,507,423		1,233,569		$ 11	1,657,087	(423,529)		273,854
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	4,563
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	13,423
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,239)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(193)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(10,168)
Other, net	(65)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	151,507
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(14,260)		(37,003)				(37,003)		22,743
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					745,829
Issuance of common stock, net	15,828		15,828			15,828
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	111,967								111,967
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(5,237)								(5,237)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(2,417)								(2,417)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	10,168		83,316				83,316		(73,148)
Equity-based compensation expense	4,732		4,732			4,732
Other, net	(2,011)		(1)				(1)		(2,010)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022					114,657,217
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	1,626,193		1,300,441		$ 11	1,677,647	(377,217)		325,752
Increase (Decrease) in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(1,507)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	5,990
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(1,203)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(8)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	(1,240)
Other, net	(70)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	153,469
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	(28,345)		(62,047)				(62,047)		33,702
Issuance of stock, net (in shares)					238,653
Issuance of common stock, net	(183)		(183)			(183)
Capped call transactions	(48,420)		(48,420)			(48,420)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	53,392								53,392
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(7,314)								(7,314)
Costs related to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(226)								(226)
Equity in subsidiaries attributable to parent	1,240		52,191				52,191		(50,951)
Equity-based compensation expense	4,463		4,463			4,463
Other, net	(854)		0				0		(854)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022					114,895,870
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,599,946		$ 1,246,445		$ 11	$ 1,633,507	$ (387,073)		$ 353,501

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

We are a leading residential energy service provider, serving over 246,000 customers in more than 35 United States ("U.S.") states and territories. Sunnova Energy Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on October 22, 2012 and formed Sunnova Energy International Inc. ("SEI") as a Delaware corporation on April 1, 2019. We completed our initial public offering on July 29, 2019 (our "IPO"); and in connection with our IPO, all of Sunnova Energy Corporation's ownership interests were contributed to SEI. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to "Sunnova," the "Company," "we," "our," "us," or like terms, refer to SEI and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We have a differentiated residential solar dealer model in which we partner with local dealers who originate, design and install our customers' solar energy systems, energy storage systems and related products and services on our behalf. Our focus on our dealer model enables us to leverage our dealers' specialized knowledge, connections and experience in local markets to drive customer origination while providing our dealers with access to high quality products at competitive prices, as well as technical oversight and expertise. We believe this structure provides operational flexibility, reduces exposure to labor shortages and lowers fixed costs relative to our peers, furthering our competitive advantage.

We provide our services through long-term agreements with a diversified pool of credit quality customers. Our solar service agreements typically are structured as either a legal-form lease (a "lease") of a solar energy system and/or energy storage system to the customer, the sale of the solar energy system's output to the customer under a power purchase agreement ("PPA") or the purchase of a solar energy system and/or energy storage system with financing provided by us (a "loan"); however, we also offer service plans for systems we did not originate. We make it possible in some states for a customer to obtain a new roof and other ancillary products as part of their solar loan. We also allow customers originated through our homebuilder channel the option of purchasing the system when the customer closes on the purchase of a new home. The initial term of our solar service agreements is typically between 10 and 25 years, during which time we provide or arrange for ongoing services to customers, including monitoring, maintenance and warranty services. Our lease and PPA agreements typically include an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options. Customer payments and rates can be fixed for the duration of the solar service agreement or escalated at a pre-determined percentage annually. We also receive tax benefits and other incentives from leases and PPAs, a portion of which we finance through tax equity, non-recourse debt structures and hedging arrangements in order to fund our upfront costs, overhead and growth investments. Our future success depends in part on our ability to raise capital from third-party investors and commercial sources. We have an established track record of attracting capital from diverse sources. From our inception through September 30, 2022, we have raised more than $11.2 billion in total capital commitments from equity, debt and tax equity investors.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements ("interim financial statements") include our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity and statements of cash flows and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") from records maintained by us. We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2021 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

Our interim financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest. In accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation, we consolidate any VIE of which we are the primary beneficiary. We form VIEs with our investors in the ordinary course of business to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with our solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve holding a majority of the voting interests. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We do not

consolidate a VIE in which we have a majority ownership interest when we are not considered the primary beneficiary. We have considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant us power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of our VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the installation, operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. We consider the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, we have determined we are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs and evaluate our relationships with our VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether we continue to be the primary beneficiary. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a significant impact on our interim financial statements.

Coronavirus ("COVID-19") Pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted and may continue to result in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy. We have experienced some resulting disruptions to our business operations due to the COVID-19 virus and its impacts.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to service and install solar energy systems and energy storage systems. The industry is currently facing shortages and shipping delays affecting the supply of energy storage systems, modules and component parts for inverters and racking used in solar energy systems available for purchase. These shortages and delays can be attributed in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting government action, as well as to allegations regarding the use of forced labor in the Chinese polysilicon supply chain. While a majority of our dealers have secured sufficient quantities to permit them to continue installing through much of 2022, if these shortages and delays persist, they could impact the timing of when solar energy systems and energy storage systems can be installed and when we can acquire and begin to generate revenue from those systems. In addition, if supply chains become significantly disrupted due to additional outbreaks of the COVID-19 virus or otherwise, or more stringent health and safety guidelines are implemented, our ability to install and service solar energy systems and energy storage systems could become adversely impacted. We cannot predict the full impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time due to numerous uncertainties. We will continue to monitor developments affecting our workforce, our customers and our business operations generally, and will take actions we determine are necessary in order to mitigate these impacts.

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Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Included below are updates to significant accounting policies disclosed in our 2021 annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The application of GAAP in the preparation of the interim financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable—Trade.    Accounts receivable—trade primarily represents trade receivables from residential customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable—trade is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. We review the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. We write off accounts receivable when we deem them uncollectible. As of September 30, 2022, we have not experienced a significant increase in delinquent customer accounts and have not made any significant adjustments to our allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable—trade as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following

table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable—trade, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,198	$	858	$	1,044	$	912
Provision for current expected credit losses	802		485		1,891		1,322
Write off of uncollectible accounts	(717)		(424)		(1,769)		(1,410)
Recoveries	83		54		200		148
Other, net	—		—		—		1
Balance at end of period	$	1,366	$	973	$	1,366	$	973

Accounts Receivable—Other.    Accounts receivable—other primarily represents receivables from our dealers or other parties related to the sale of inventory and the use of inventory procured by us.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory primarily represents (a) raw materials, such as energy storage systems, photovoltaic modules, inverters, meters and modems, (b) homebuilder construction in progress and (c) other associated equipment purchased. These materials are typically procured by us and used by our dealers, sold to our dealers or held for use as original parts on new solar energy systems or replacement parts on existing solar energy systems. We remove these items from inventory and record the transaction in typically one of these manners: (a) expense to operations and maintenance expense when installed as a replacement part for a solar energy system, (b) recognize in accounts receivable—other when procured by us and used by our dealers, (c) expense to cost of revenue—inventory sales if sold directly to a dealer or other party, (d) capitalize to property and equipment when installed on an existing home or (e) capitalize to property and equipment when placed in service under the homebuilder program. We periodically evaluate our inventory for unusable and obsolete items based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Based on this evaluation, provisions are made to write inventory down to net realizable value. The following table presents the detail of inventory as recorded in other current assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Modules and inverters	$	41,728	$	60,661
Energy storage systems and components	98,944		43,071
Homebuilder construction in progress	45,055		23,642
Meters and modems	362		581
Other	483		—
Total	$	186,572	$	127,955

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

•Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability. Our financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, customer notes receivable, investments in solar receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and contingent consideration. The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the fair values due to the fact that they are short-term in nature and based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date (Level 1). We estimate the fair value of our customer notes receivable based on interest rates currently offered under the loan program with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We estimate the fair value of our investments in solar receivables based on a discounted cash flows model that utilizes market data related to solar irradiance, production factors by region and projected electric utility rates in order to build up revenue projections (Level 3). In addition, lease-related revenue and maintenance and service costs were supported through the use of available market studies and data. We estimate the fair value of our fixed-rate long-term debt based on interest rates currently offered for debt with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We determine the fair values of the interest rate derivative transactions based on a discounted cash flow method using contractual terms of the transactions. The floating interest rate is based on observable rates consistent with the frequency of the interest cash flows (Level 2). For contingent consideration, we estimate the fair value of the installation earnout using the Monte Carlo model based on the forecasted placements for the installations and the microgrid earnout using a scenario-based methodology based on the probabilities of the microgrid earnout, both using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable, Note 8, Long-Term Debt and Note 9, Derivative Instruments.

The following tables present our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	As of September 30, 2022
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	71,656	$	—	$	—	$	71,656
Derivative assets	117,544		—		117,544		—
Total	$	189,200	$	—	$	117,544	$	71,656
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161
Total	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161

	As of December 31, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	82,658	$	—	$	—	$	82,658
Derivative assets	14,351		—		14,351		—
Total	$	97,009	$	—	$	14,351	$	82,658
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	67,895	$	—	$	—	$	67,895
Derivative liabilities	5,330		—		5,330		—
Total	$	73,225	$	—	$	5,330	$	67,895

Changes in fair value of our investments in solar receivables are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial assets

accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other current assets and other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	82,658	$	—
Settlements	(8,090)		—
Loss recognized in earnings	(2,912)		—
Balance at end of period	$	71,656	$	—

Changes in fair value of our contingent consideration are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	67,895	$	—
Additions	—		90,400
Settlements	(16,014)		—
Gain recognized in earnings	(6,720)		(4,726)
Balance at end of period	$	45,161	$	85,674

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our liabilities using Level 3 inputs:

	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	Volatility	35.00%
	Revenue risk premium	15.80%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%
Contingent consideration - microgrid earnout	Probability of success	25.00%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%

Revenue

The following table presents the detail of revenue as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
PPA revenue	$	31,891	$	25,359	$	84,235	$	68,443
Lease revenue	25,912		17,845		71,717		51,765
Inventory sales revenue	45,528		—		99,773		—
Solar renewable energy certificate revenue	16,241		12,858		37,172		30,648
Cash sales revenue	18,933		8,680		45,695		15,618
Loan revenue	5,012		2,126		12,582		5,000
Other revenue	5,847		2,033		10,924		5,259
Total	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	362,098	$	176,733

We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as we satisfy our performance obligations at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon an estimated rate of return, net of cash incentives. We express this rate of return as the solar rate per kilowatt hour ("kWh") in the customer contract. The amount of revenue we recognize does not equal customer cash payments because we satisfy performance obligations ahead of cash receipt or evenly as we provide continuous access on a stand-ready basis to the solar energy system. We reflect the differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue we have not yet recognized and includes deferred revenue as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but not yet recognized revenue was approximately $2.7 billion as of September 30, 2022, of which we expect to recognize approximately 4% over the next 12 months. We do not expect the annual recognition to vary significantly over approximately the next 20 years as the vast majority of existing solar service agreements have at least 20 years remaining, given the average age of the fleet of solar energy systems under contract is less than four years.

Certain customers may receive cash incentives. We defer recognition of the payment of these cash incentives and recognize them over the life of the contract as a reduction to revenue. The deferred payment is recorded in other assets for customers who receive the cash incentives under our lease and PPA agreements, and as a contra-liability in other long-term liabilities for customers who receive the cash incentives under our loan agreements.

PPAs.    Customers purchase electricity from us under PPAs. Pursuant to ASC 606, we recognize revenue based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The PPAs generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

Leases.    We are the lessor under lease agreements for solar energy systems and energy storage systems, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842 and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. We recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract term as we satisfy our obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The lease agreements generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

In most cases, we provide customers under our lease agreements a performance guarantee that each solar energy system will achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output, which is a significant proportion of its expected output. The specified minimum solar energy production output may not be achieved due to natural fluctuations in the weather or equipment failures from exposure and wear and tear outside of our control, among other factors. We determine the amount of the guaranteed output based on a number of different factors, including: (a) the specific site information related to the tilt of the panels, azimuth (a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from a reference direction) of the panels, size of the system, and shading on site; (b) the calculated amount of available irradiance (amount of energy for a given flat surface facing a specific direction) based on historical average weather data and (c) the calculated amount of energy output of the solar energy system.

While actual irradiance levels can significantly change year over year due to natural fluctuations in the weather, we expect the levels to average out over the term of a lease and to approximate the levels used in determining the amount of the performance guarantee. Generally, weather fluctuations are the most likely reason a solar energy system may not achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output.

If the solar energy system does not produce the guaranteed production amount, we are required to refund a portion of the previously remitted customer payments, where the repayment is calculated as the product of (a) the shortfall production amount and (b) the dollar amount (guaranteed rate) per kWh that is fixed throughout the term of the contract. These remittances of a customer's payments, if needed, are payable as early as the first anniversary of the solar energy system's placed in service date and then every annual period thereafter. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.

Inventory Sales.    Inventory sales revenue represents revenue from the direct sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon shipment. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenue—inventory sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Solar Renewable Energy Certificates.    Each solar renewable energy certificate ("SREC") represents the environmental benefit of one megawatt hour (1,000 kWh) generated by a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold separate from the actual electricity generated by the renewable-based generation source. We account for the SRECs we generate from our solar energy systems as governmental incentives with no costs incurred to obtain them and do not consider those SRECs output of the underlying solar energy systems. We classify these SRECs as inventory held until sold and delivered to third parties. As we did not incur costs to obtain these governmental incentives, the inventory carrying value for the SRECs was $0 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We enter into economic hedges related to expected production of SRECs through forward contracts. While these fixed price forward contracts serve as an economic hedge against spot price fluctuations for the SRECs, the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are not designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The contracts require us to physically deliver the SRECs upon settlement. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon satisfaction of the performance obligation to transfer the SRECs to the stated counterparty. Payments are typically received within one month of transferring the SREC to the counterparty. The costs related to the sales of SRECs are generally limited to broker fees (recorded in cost of revenue—other), which are only paid in connection with certain transactions. In certain circumstances we are required to purchase SRECs on the open market to fulfill minimum delivery requirements under our forward contracts.

Cash Sales.    Cash sales revenue represents revenue from a customer's purchase of a solar energy system from us typically when purchasing a new home. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon verification of the home closing.

Loans.    See discussion of loan revenue in the "Loans" section below.

Other Revenue.    Other revenue includes certain state and utility incentives, revenue from the direct sale of solar energy systems and energy storage systems to customers with financing provided by us and sales of service plans. We recognize revenue from state and utility incentives in the periods in which they are earned. We recognize revenue from the direct sale of energy storage systems in the period in which the storage components are placed in service. Service plans are available to customers whose solar energy system was not originally sold by Sunnova. We recognize revenue from service plan contracts on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, which is typically 10 years.

Loans

We offer a loan program, under which the customer finances the purchase of a solar energy system or energy storage system through a solar service agreement, typically for a term of 10, 15 or 25 years. We recognize cash payments received from customers on a monthly basis under our loan program (a) as interest income, to the extent attributable to earned interest on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; (b) as a reduction of a note receivable on the balance sheet, to the extent attributable to a return of principal (whether scheduled or prepaid) on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; and (c) as revenue, to the extent attributable to payments for operations and maintenance services provided by us. To qualify for the loan program, a customer must pass our credit evaluation process, which requires the customer to have a minimum FICO® score of 600 to 720 depending on certain circumstances, and we secure the loans with the solar energy systems or energy storage systems financed. The credit evaluation process is performed once for each customer at the time the customer is entering into the solar service agreement with us.

Our investments in solar energy systems and energy storage systems related to the loan program that are not yet placed in service are recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are transferred to customer notes receivable upon

being placed in service. Customer notes receivable are recorded at amortized cost, net of an allowance for credit losses (as described below), in other current assets and customer notes receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable related to our customer notes receivable is recorded in accounts receivable—trade, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income from customer notes receivable is recorded in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The amortized cost of our customer notes receivable is equal to the principal balance of customer notes receivable outstanding and does not include accrued interest receivable. Customer notes receivable continue to accrue interest until they are written off against the allowance, which occurs when the balance is 180 days or more past due unless the balance is in the process of collection. Customer notes receivable are considered past due one day after the due date based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In all cases, customer notes receivable balances are placed on a nonaccrual status or written off at an earlier date when they are deemed uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. Accrued interest receivable for customer notes receivable placed on a nonaccrual status is recorded as a reduction to interest income. Interest received on such customer notes receivable is accounted for on a cash basis until the customer notes receivable qualifies for the return to accrual status. Customer notes receivable are returned to accrual status when there is no longer any principal or interest amounts past due and future payments are reasonably assured.

The allowance for credit losses is deducted from the customer notes receivable amortized cost to present the net amount expected to be collected. It is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics (such as financial asset type, customer credit rating, contractual term and vintage) exist. In determining the allowance for credit losses, we identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues and consider our historical level of credit losses and current economic trends that might impact the level of future credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loan agreements based on the best available data at the time and adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies: (a) we have a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual customer or (b) the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancelable by us. As of September 30, 2022, we have not experienced a significant increase in delinquent customer notes receivable and have not made any significant adjustments to our allowance for credit losses related to loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts for which the criteria for revenue recognition have not yet been met and includes (a) payments for unfulfilled performance obligations which will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the respective solar service agreements, net of any cash incentives earned by the customers, (b) down payments and partial or full prepayments from customers and (c) differences due to the timing of energy production versus billing for certain types of PPAs. Deferred revenue was $106.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The following table presents the detail of deferred revenue as recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Loans	$	490,510	$	275,681
PPAs and leases	22,345		17,274
Solar receivables	4,668		4,864
Total (1)	$	517,523	$	297,819

(1) Of this amount, $24.5 million and $15.3 million is recorded in other current liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenue of $5.6 million and $6.6 million, respectively, from amounts recorded in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective years.

New Accounting Guidance

New accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are adopted as of the specified effective date.

In March 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, to eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning in January 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

The following table presents the detail of property and equipment, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Useful Lives	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in years)	(in thousands)
Solar energy systems	35	$	3,442,340	$	2,917,721
Construction in progress		356,213		188,518
Asset retirement obligations	30	53,168		45,264
Information technology systems	3	52,203		49,673
Computers and equipment	3-5	4,440		3,085
Leasehold improvements	3-6	4,437		3,160
Furniture and fixtures	7	1,132		1,132
Vehicles	4-5	1,638		1,638
Other	5-6	157		157
Property and equipment, gross		3,915,728		3,210,348
Less: accumulated depreciation		(378,551)		(300,735)
Property and equipment, net		$	3,537,177	$	2,909,613

Solar Energy Systems.    The amounts included in the above table for solar energy systems and substantially all the construction in progress relate to our customer contracts (including PPAs and leases). These assets had accumulated depreciation of $333.9 million and $264.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Natural Disaster Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both [Abstract]

Natural Disaster Losses

Natural Disaster Losses

We have insurance coverage related to property damage and business interruption. When a solar energy system is damaged by a natural disaster, we impair all or a portion of the net book value to operations and maintenance expense in the period for which the amount is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Insurance proceeds for property damage, up to the amount of impairment expense recorded for property damage, are estimated and recorded as a receivable (recorded in accounts receivable—other in the consolidated balance sheet) and a reduction to operations and maintenance expense when the receipt of the proceeds is deemed probable. Insurance proceeds for property damage that exceed the amount of impairment expense recorded and insurance proceeds related to business interruption are recorded when received, as a reduction to operations and maintenance expense. Costs incurred to repair or replace a solar energy system are capitalized (recorded in property and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet) and are classified as an investing cash outflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Insurance proceeds received for property damage are classified as an investing cash inflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Insurance proceeds received for business interruption are classified as an operating cash inflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico.    In September 2022, Hurricane Fiona made landfall in Puerto Rico causing significant wind and water damage to the island's infrastructure, residences and businesses. A majority of Puerto Rico was left without electrical power. In addition, other basic utility and infrastructure services (such as water, communications, ports and other transportation networks) were severely curtailed. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems.

Hurricane Ian in Florida.    In September 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall in Florida causing catastrophic wind and water damage to the state's infrastructure, residences and businesses. We are currently in the process of assessing the full extent of the damages to our operations, but our preliminary estimates are that we have no material damages to our solar energy systems and energy storage systems.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred (a) $980,000 related to third-parties helping our customers, primarily restarting batteries and (b) $181,000 related to employees performing similar type work or other work related to the hurricanes. The following table presents the impact of the natural disaster losses as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operations and maintenance expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	$	980	$	—
General and administrative expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	181		—
Total	$	1,161	$	—

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Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions

Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions

The following table presents the detail of other current assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Inventory	$	186,572	$	127,955
Restricted cash	14,584		80,213
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,061		56,074
Other prepaid assets	20,858		14,920
Current portion of investments in solar receivables	7,156		6,787
Prepaid inventory	1,065		4,835
Deferred receivables	11,070		4,818
Other	681		719
Total	$	336,047	$	296,321

The following table presents the detail of other assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Construction in progress - customer notes receivable	$	391,435	$	238,791
Exclusivity and other bonus arrangements with dealers, net	106,089		81,756
Investments in solar receivables	64,500		75,871
Restricted cash	112,676		68,583
Straight-line revenue adjustment, net	50,699		43,367
Other	195,235		62,768
Total	$	920,634	$	571,136

The following table presents the detail of other current liabilities as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated

balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Interest payable	$	20,752	$	22,740
Deferred revenue	24,523		15,273
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	2,519		3,175
Current portion of operating and finance lease liability	3,002		1,850
Other	297		1,312
Total	$	51,093	$	44,350

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Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")

Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")

AROs consist primarily of costs to remove solar energy system assets and costs to restore the solar energy system sites to the original condition, which we estimate based on current market rates. For each solar energy system, we recognize the fair value of the ARO as a liability and capitalize that cost as part of the cost basis of the related solar energy system. The related assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 30 years, which is the estimated average time a solar energy system will be installed in a location before being removed, and the related liabilities are accreted to the full value over the same period of time. We revise our estimated future liabilities based on recent actual experiences, including third party cost estimates, average size of solar energy systems and inflation rates, which we evaluate at least annually. Changes in our estimated future liabilities are recorded as either a reduction or addition in the carrying amount of the remaining unamortized asset and the ARO and either decrease or increase our depreciation and accretion expense amounts prospectively. The following table presents the changes in AROs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	54,396	$	41,788
Additional obligations incurred	7,962		7,010
Accretion expense	2,687		2,094
Other	(79)		(69)
Balance at end of period	$	64,966	$	50,823

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Customer Notes Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Customer Notes Receivable

Customer Notes Receivable

We offer a loan program, under which the customer finances the purchase of a solar energy system or energy storage system through a solar service agreement for a term of 10, 15 or 25 years. The following table presents the detail of customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding fair values:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Customer notes receivable	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285
Allowance for credit losses	(67,988)		(41,138)
Customer notes receivable, net (1)	$	2,166,324	$	1,260,147
Estimated fair value, net	$	2,172,904	$	1,274,099

(1)    Of this amount, $94.1 million and $56.1 million is recorded in other current assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	57,043	$	26,018	$	41,138	$	17,668
Provision for current expected credit losses (1)	10,945		6,518		26,814		14,867
Recoveries	—		—		36		—
Other, net	—		(1)		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	67,988	$	32,535	$	67,988	$	32,535

(1)    In addition, we recognized $22,000 and $49,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $67,000 and $165,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of provision for current expected credit losses related to our long-term receivables for our customer leases.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we invested $391.4 million and $238.8 million, respectively, in loan solar energy systems and energy storage systems not yet placed in service. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income related to our customer notes receivable was $15.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income related to our customer notes receivable was $39.1 million and $23.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, accrued interest receivable related to our customer notes receivable was $5.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was $9.0 million and $0, respectively, of customer notes receivable not accruing interest and there was $196,000 and $0, respectively, of allowance recorded for loans on nonaccrual status. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income of $0 was recognized for loans on nonaccrual status and accrued interest receivable of $8,000 and $0, respectively, was written off by reversing interest income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, interest income of $0 was recognized for loans on nonaccrual status and accrued interest receivable of $505,000 and $0, respectively, was written off by reversing interest income.

We consider the performance of our customer notes receivable portfolio and its impact on our allowance for credit losses. We also evaluate the credit quality based on the aging status and payment activity. The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost of customer notes receivable:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
1-90 days past due	$	49,973	$	23,118
91-180 days past due	10,954		5,068
Greater than 180 days past due	11,163		10,277
Total past due	72,090		38,463
Not past due	2,162,222		1,262,822
Total	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amortized cost of our customer notes receivable more than 90 days past due but not on nonaccrual status was $22.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The following table presents the amortized cost by origination year of our customer notes receivable based on payment activity.

	Amortized Cost by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(in thousands)
Payment performance:
Performing	$	992,684	$	750,087	$	229,865	$	118,039	$	77,315	$	55,159	$	2,223,149
Nonperforming (1)	491		5,970		1,454		1,626		1,161		461		11,163
Total	$	993,175	$	756,057	$	231,319	$	119,665	$	78,476	$	55,620	$	2,234,312

(1)    A nonperforming loan is a loan in which the customer is in default and has not made any scheduled principal or interest payments for 181 days or more.

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

Our subsidiaries with long-term debt include Sunnova Energy Corporation, Sunnova EZ-Own Portfolio, LLC ("EZOP"), Sunnova Helios II Issuer, LLC ("HELII"), Sunnova RAYS I Issuer, LLC ("RAYSI"), Sunnova Helios III Issuer, LLC ("HELIII"), Sunnova TEP Holdings, LLC ("TEPH"), Sunnova Sol Issuer, LLC ("SOLI"), Sunnova Helios IV Issuer, LLC ("HELIV"), Sunnova Asset Portfolio 8, LLC ("AP8"), Sunnova Sol II Issuer, LLC ("SOLII"), Sunnova Helios V Issuer, LLC ("HELV"), Sunnova Sol III Issuer, LLC ("SOLIII"), Sunnova Helios VI Issuer, LLC ("HELVI"), Sunnova Helios VII Issuer, LLC ("HELVII"), Sunnova Helios VIII Issuer, LLC ("HELVIII"), Sunnova Sol IV Issuer, LLC ("SOLIV") and Sunnova Helios IX Issuer, LLC ("HELIX"). The following table presents the detail of long-term debt, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of September 30, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of December 31, 2021
			Long-term		Current				Long-term		Current
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
SEI
0.25% convertible senior notes	0.71	%	$	575,000	$	—	0.70	%	$	575,000	$	—
2.625% convertible senior notes	3.38	%	600,000		—				—		—
Debt discount, net			(25,596)		—				(12,810)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(916)		—				(547)		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation
5.875% senior notes	6.54	%	400,000		—		6.42	%	400,000		—
Debt discount, net			(3,885)		—				(4,629)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,846)		—				(9,341)		—
EZOP
Revolving credit facility	4.40	%	409,000		—		4.12	%	190,000		—
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(898)		—
HELII
Solar asset-backed notes	5.72	%	204,016		8,632		5.71	%	217,465		8,952
Debt discount, net			(31)		—				(36)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,763)		—				(4,346)		—
RAYSI
Solar asset-backed notes	5.56	%	107,538		9,120		5.55	%	115,792		4,573
Debt discount, net			(1,006)		—				(1,166)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,558)		—				(3,893)		—
HELIII
Solar loan-backed notes	4.43	%	96,700		10,555		4.79	%	105,331		10,916
Debt discount, net			(1,610)		—				(1,838)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(1,546)		—				(1,765)		—
TEPH

Revolving credit facility	7.23	%	317,200		—		6.86	%	118,950		—
Debt discount, net			(2,310)		—				(3,678)		—
SOLI
Solar asset-backed notes	3.93	%	353,484		15,998		3.91	%	366,304		15,563
Debt discount, net			(90)		—				(100)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,093)		—				(7,881)		—
HELIV
Solar loan-backed notes	4.17	%	107,550		11,659		4.16	%	116,579		11,937
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(724)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,772)		—				(3,283)		—
AP8
Revolving credit facility	—	%	—		—		7.17	%	—		—
SOLII
Solar asset-backed notes	3.42	%	234,214		6,379		3.42	%	241,293		6,176
Debt discount, net			(66)		—				(72)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,730)		—				(5,192)		—
HELV
Solar loan-backed notes	2.47	%	145,470		15,590		2.44	%	150,743		21,354
Debt discount, net			(728)		—				(840)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,803)		—				(3,230)		—
SOLIII
Solar asset-backed notes	2.79	%	281,098		16,561		2.73	%	294,069		16,590
Debt discount, net			(121)		—				(132)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(5,799)		—				(6,319)		—
HELVI
Solar loan-backed notes	2.09	%	168,510		19,289		2.02	%	181,625		21,152
Debt discount, net			(42)		—				(48)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,051)		—				(3,477)		—
HELVII
Solar loan-backed notes	2.50	%	129,349		16,026		2.44	%	141,407		12,580
Debt discount, net			(40)		—				(45)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,294)		—				(2,587)		—
HELVIII
Solar loan-backed notes	3.54	%	253,739		30,221				—		—
Debt discount, net			(5,487)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,250)		—				—		—
SOLIV
Solar asset-backed notes	5.70	%	341,900		7,932				—		—
Debt discount, net			(11,620)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(8,305)		—				—		—
HELIX
Solar loan-backed notes	5.41	%	202,043		23,169				—		—
Debt discount, net			(3,725)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,417)		—				—		—
Total			$	4,807,107	$	191,131			$	3,135,681	$	129,793

Availability.    As of September 30, 2022, we had $348.5 million of available borrowing capacity under our various financing arrangements, consisting of $41.0 million under the EZOP revolving credit facility, $247.5 million under the TEPH revolving credit facility and $60.0 million under the AP8 revolving credit facility. There was no available borrowing capacity under any of our other financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under our financing arrangements.

Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates.    The weighted average effective interest rates disclosed in the table above are the weighted average stated interest rates for each debt instrument plus the effect on interest expense for other items classified

as interest expense, such as the amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of debt discounts and commitment fees on unused balances for the period of time the debt was outstanding during the indicated periods.

HELVIII Debt.    In February 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar loans and the related receivables into HELVIII, a special purpose entity, that issued $131.9 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class A solar loan-backed notes, $102.2 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class B solar loan-backed notes and $63.8 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-A Class C solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELVIII Notes") with a maturity date of February 2049. The HELVIII Notes were issued at a discount of 1.55% for Class A, 2.23% for Class B and 2.62% for Class C and bear interest at an annual rate of 2.79%, 3.13% and 3.53%, respectively. The cash flows generated by these solar loans are used to service the monthly principal and interest payments on the HELVIII Notes and satisfy HELVIII's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Helios VIII Depositor, LLC, HELVIII's sole member. In connection with the HELVIII Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to management and service agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed, among other things, (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to management and servicing agreements and (b) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar loans eventually sold to HELVIII pursuant to the related sale and contribution agreement. HELVIII is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the HELVIII Notes, each of which must be funded at all times to the levels specified in the HELVIII Notes. The holders of the HELVIII Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the HELVIII Notes.

EZOP Debt.    In June 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) extend the scheduled commitment termination date to May 2024, (b) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (c) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, subject to reductions based on the outstanding principal balance of advances over certain time periods, (d) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $350.0 million to $475.0 million, (e) modify the interest rate on borrowings from accruing based on the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate to accruing based on a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate ("Term SOFR"), plus a Term SOFR spread adjustment, (f) add an amortization event related to certain of our subsidiaries ceasing to originate solar loans (subject to certain thresholds, time periods and exceptions set forth therein), (g) add concentration limits for solar loans (1) with obligors with credit scores below certain thresholds and (2) for which the original principal balance exceeds a certain threshold and (h) modify eligibility requirements for solar loans to increase the permitted maximum original principal balance. In July 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $475.0 million to $535.0 million until the earlier to occur of (a) September 29, 2022 and (b) the date upon which a specific sale of borrowing base assets and a related prepayment of outstanding debt thereunder occurs, upon the occurrence of which the uncommitted maximum facility amount will return to $475.0 million. In August 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $400.0 million to $450.0 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $535.0 million to $585.0 million, (c) amend certain provisions addressing the allocation of advances and principal payments among the lenders, (d) amend certain provisions addressing lender consent rights and related matters and (e) include certain provisions addressing service incentives and related matters. In August 2022, proceeds from the HELIX Notes (as defined below) were used to repay $151.0 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding EZOP debt. In September 2022, we amended the EZOP revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) decrease the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $585.0 million to $575.0 million and (b) amend certain provisions related to the agent's allocation of certain payments made to the lenders.

SOLIV Debt.    In June 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar energy systems and the related asset receivables into wholly-owned subsidiaries of SOLIV, a special purpose entity, that issued $317.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class A solar asset-backed notes and $38.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-1 Class B solar asset-backed notes (collectively, the "SOLIV Notes") with a maturity date of April 2057. The SOLIV Notes were issued at a discount of 3.55% and 2.10%, respectively, and bear interest at an annual rate equal to 4.95% and 6.35%, respectively. The cash flows generated by the solar energy systems of SOLIV's subsidiaries are used to service the quarterly principal and interest payments on the SOLIV Notes and satisfy SOLIV's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Sol IV Depositor, LLC, SOLIV's sole member. In connection with the SOLIV Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to a transaction management agreement and management and servicing agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to a transaction management agreement and management and servicing agreements, (b) the managing members' obligations, in such capacity, under the related financing fund's limited liability company agreement and (c) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar energy systems eventually sold to SOLIV pursuant to the sale and contribution agreement. SOLIV is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the SOLIV Notes, each of which must remain funded at all times to the levels specified in the SOLIV Notes. The indenture requires SOLIV to track the debt service coverage ratio (such ratio, the

"DSCR") of (a) the amount of certain payments received from customers, certain performance based incentives, certain energy credits and any applicable insurance proceeds as of a specific date to (b) interest and scheduled principal due on the SOLIV Notes as of such date, with the potential to enter into an early amortization period if the DSCR drops below a certain threshold. The holders of the SOLIV Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the SOLIV Notes.

TEPH Debt.    In June 2022, proceeds from the SOLIV Notes were used to repay $271.0 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding TEPH debt. In September 2022, we amended the TEPH revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $460.7 million to $564.7 million, (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $600.0 million to $639.7 million, (c) extend the facility maturity date to November 2024, (d) amend certain excess concentration limitations, (e) replace the London interbank offered rate with the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate as the interest rate benchmark and include benchmark replacement provisions and (f) include certain provisions addressing grid services revenue and related matters. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

HELIX Debt.    In August 2022, we pooled and transferred eligible solar loans and the related receivables into HELIX, a special purpose entity, that issued $178.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class A solar loan-backed notes and $49.7 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2022-B Class B solar loan-backed notes (collectively, the "HELIX Notes") with a maturity date of August 2049. The HELIX Notes were issued at a discount of 0.69% for Class A and 5.10% for Class B and bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00% and 6.00%, respectively. The cash flows generated by these solar loans are used to service the monthly principal and interest payments on the HELIX Notes and satisfy HELIX's expenses, and any remaining cash can be distributed to Sunnova Helios IX Depositor, LLC, HELIX's sole member. In connection with the HELIX Notes, certain of our affiliates receive a fee for managing and servicing the solar energy systems pursuant to management and service agreements. In addition, Sunnova Energy Corporation has guaranteed, among other things, (a) the obligations of certain of our subsidiaries to manage and service the solar energy systems pursuant to management and servicing agreements and (b) certain of our subsidiaries' obligations to repurchase or substitute certain ineligible solar loans eventually sold to HELIX pursuant to the related sale and contribution agreement. HELIX is also required to maintain certain reserve accounts for the benefit of the holders of the HELIX Notes, each of which must be funded at all times to the levels specified in the HELIX Notes. The holders of the HELIX Notes have no recourse to our other assets except as expressly set forth in the HELIX Notes.

SEI Debt.    In August 2022, we issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of our 2.625% convertible senior notes ("2.625% convertible senior notes") in a private placement at a discount to the initial purchasers of 2.5%, for an aggregate purchase price of $585.0 million. The 2.625% convertible senior notes mature in February 2028 unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. In connection with the pricing of the 2.625% convertible senior notes, we used proceeds of $48.4 million to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions, which are expected to reduce the potential dilution to common shares and/or offset potential cash payments that could be required to be made in excess of the principal amount upon any exchange of notes. Such reduction and/or offset is subject to a cap initially equal to $34.24 per share, subject to adjustments. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of our common stock initially underlying the 2.625% convertible senior notes. As the capped call transactions meet certain accounting criteria, they are classified as stockholders' equity and therefore, are recorded in additional paid-in capital—common stock in the consolidated balance sheet and are not accounted for as derivatives.

Fair Values of Long-Term Debt.    The fair values of our long-term debt and the corresponding carrying amounts are as follows:

	As of September 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
SEI 0.25% convertible senior notes	$	575,000	$	522,821	$	575,000	$	568,732
SEI 2.625% convertible senior notes	600,000		593,971		—		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation 5.875% senior notes	400,000		365,699		400,000		391,917
EZOP revolving credit facility	409,000		409,000		190,000		190,000
HELII solar asset-backed notes	212,648		208,627		226,417		253,079
RAYSI solar asset-backed notes	116,658		106,933		120,365		129,575
HELIII solar loan-backed notes	107,255		97,083		116,247		120,465
TEPH revolving credit facility	317,200		317,200		118,950		118,950
SOLI solar asset-backed notes	369,482		320,655		381,867		382,511
HELIV solar loan-backed notes	119,209		105,559		128,516		123,189
SOLII solar asset-backed notes	240,593		193,442		247,469		231,894
HELV solar loan-backed notes	161,060		141,723		172,097		165,848
SOLIII solar asset-backed notes	297,659		245,034		310,659		302,994
HELVI solar loan-backed notes	187,799		161,195		202,777		199,159
HELVII solar loan-backed notes	145,375		127,664		153,987		153,518
HELVIII solar loan-backed notes	283,960		257,707		—		—
SOLIV solar asset-backed notes	349,832		342,301		—		—
HELIX solar loan-backed notes	225,212		214,374		—		—
Total (1)	$	5,117,942	$	4,730,988	$	3,344,351	$	3,331,831

(1) Amounts exclude the net deferred financing costs (classified as debt) and net debt discounts of $119.7 million and $78.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

For the EZOP, TEPH and AP8 debt, the estimated fair values approximate the carrying amounts primarily due to the variable nature of the interest rates of the underlying instruments. For the convertible senior notes, senior notes and the HELII, RAYSI, HELIII, SOLI, HELIV, SOLII, HELV, SOLIII, HELVI, HELVII, HELVIII, SOLIV and HELIX debt, we determined the estimated fair values based on a yield analysis of similar type debt.

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Derivative Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on EZOP Debt.    During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, EZOP entered into interest rate swaps and caps for an aggregate notional amount of $506.6 million and $180.2 million, respectively, to economically hedge its exposure to the variable interest rates on a portion of the outstanding EZOP debt. No collateral was posted for the interest rate swaps and caps as they are secured under the EZOP revolving credit facility. In July 2022, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps and caps began decreasing to match EZOP's estimated monthly principal payments on the debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, EZOP unwound interest rate swaps and caps with an aggregate notional amount of $360.2 million and $131.7 million, respectively, and recorded a realized gain of $19.6 million and a realized loss of $68,000, respectively.

Interest Rate Swaps and Caps on TEPH Debt.    During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, TEPH entered into interest rate swaps and caps for an aggregate notional amount of $333.7 million and $236.3 million, respectively, to economically hedge its exposure to the variable interest rates on a portion of the outstanding TEPH debt. No collateral was posted for the interest rate swaps and caps as they are secured under the TEPH revolving credit facility. In October 2023, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps will begin decreasing to match TEPH's estimated quarterly principal payments on the debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, TEPH unwound interest rate swaps and caps with an aggregate notional amount of $515.4 million and $121.3 million, respectively, and recorded a realized gain of $27.8 million and a realized loss of $1.6 million, respectively.

The following table presents a summary of the outstanding derivative instruments:

	As of September 30, 2022					As of December 31, 2021
	Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount		Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
EZOP	June 2022 - July 2022	July 2034	0.890%	$	499,215	March 2021 - March 2022	July 2033 - July 2034	1.000%	$	261,836
TEPH	July 2022	January 2035 - October 2037	1.750% - 2.650%	333,749		February 2019 - January 2023	January 2023 - January 2036	0.121% - 2.534%	270,170
Total				$	832,964				$	532,006

The following table presents the fair value of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Other assets	$	117,544	$	14,351
Other long-term liabilities	—		(5,330)
Total, net	$	117,544	$	9,021

We did not designate the interest rate swaps and caps as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. As a result, we recognize changes in fair value immediately in interest expense, net. The following table presents the impact of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Realized (gain) loss	$	(1,928)	$	586	$	(47,434)	$	1,693
Unrealized gain	(29,059)		(2,642)		(35,685)		(5,574)
Total	$	(30,987)	$	(2,056)	$	(83,119)	$	(3,881)

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Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income TaxesOur effective income tax rate is 0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Total income tax differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to loss before income tax primarily as a result of our valuation allowance. We assessed whether we had any significant uncertain tax positions taken in a filed tax return, planned to be taken in a future tax return or claim, or otherwise subject to interpretation and determined there were none not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position, or prospectively approved when such approval may be sought in advance. Accordingly, we recorded no reserve for uncertain tax positions. Should a provision for any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, it is our policy to accrue for such in our income tax accounts. There were no such accruals as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and we do not expect a significant change in gross unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. Our tax years after 2011 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and by the taxing authorities in the states and territories in which we operate.

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

In May 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-E, LLC ("TEP6E"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-E Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6E. The Class A member of TEP6E made a total capital commitment of approximately $17.5 million. The carrying values of the redeemable noncontrolling interests were

equal to or greater than the redemption values as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

Noncontrolling Interests

In February 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-B, LLC ("TEP6B"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-B Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6B. The Class A member of TEP6B made a total capital commitment of approximately $150.0 million. In September 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-D, LLC ("TEP6D"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-D Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6D. The Class A member of TEP6D made a total capital commitment of approximately $25.0 million. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.

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Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders' EquityIn April 2022, we issued 694,446 shares of our common stock to Lenx, LLC pursuant to the terms of the earnout agreement entered into in connection with the SunStreet acquisition.

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Equity-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity-Based Compensation

In February 2022, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP") was increased by 1,265,071, an amount which, together with the shares remaining available for grant under the LTIP, is equal to 5,667,761, or 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Number of Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
							(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	2,765,815	$	16.71	4.91			$	31,874
Granted	538,758	$	27.62	9.48	$	14.37
Exercised	(2,884)	$	10.14				$	46
Forfeited	(1,966)	$	40.14		$	18.15
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	2,710,515	$	16.26	4.07			$	18,379
Vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Non-vested, September 30, 2022	589,208				$	14.71

The number of stock options that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 0. The number of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 16,816 and 0, respectively. The grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0. The grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $309,000 and $0, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $7.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 2.13 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1,649,789	$	18.48
Granted	1,015,949	$	23.85
Vested	(948,404)	$	19.47
Forfeited	(62,939)	$	25.86
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	1,654,395	$	20.93

The number of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 245,740 and 240,010, respectively. The number of restricted stock units that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was 948,404 and 913,434, respectively. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $3.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $18.5 million and $15.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $27.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.55 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Effective May 2022, we established an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). We are authorized to issue up to an aggregate 750,000 shares of common stock under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees (as defined in the ESPP) to purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to 95% of the lesser of the closing price of our common stock on the grant date or the purchase date. No shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP as of September 30, 2022.

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Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(62,047)	$	(27,541)	$	(132,633)	$	(123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.54)	$	(0.25)	$	(1.16)	$	(1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted	114,816,879		112,159,698		114,293,251		110,185,333

The following table presents the weighted average shares of common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Equity-based compensation awards	5,033,658	4,574,364	4,906,182	4,727,081
Convertible senior notes	25,294,010	16,628,073	19,548,462	8,875,206

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal.    We are a party to a number of lawsuits, claims and governmental proceedings which are ordinary, routine matters incidental to our business. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we periodically have disputes with dealers and customers. We do not expect the outcomes of these matters to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Performance Guarantee Obligations.    As of September 30, 2022, we recorded $3.9 million related to our guarantee of certain specified minimum solar energy production output under our leases and loans, of which $2.5 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $1.4 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded $5.3 million related to these guarantees, of which $3.2 million is recorded in other current liabilities and $2.1 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The changes in our aggregate performance guarantee obligations are as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	5,293	$	5,718
Accruals	1,811		2,323
Settlements	(3,170)		(3,275)
Balance at end of period	$	3,934	$	4,766

Operating and Finance Leases.    We lease real estate and certain office equipment under operating leases and vehicles and certain other office equipment under finance leases. The following table presents the detail of lease expense as recorded in general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	676	$	401	$	2,061	$	1,164
Finance lease expense:
Amortization expense	201		157		562		251
Interest on lease liabilities	15		14		42		24
Short-term lease expense	37		29		97		51
Variable lease expense	190		274		712		831
Total	$	1,119	$	875	$	3,474	$	2,321

The following table presents the detail of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as recorded in other assets and other current liabilities/other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Right-of-use assets:
Operating leases	$	15,193	$	16,483
Finance leases	2,384		2,187
Total right-of-use assets	$	17,577	$	18,670
Current lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,267	$	1,190
Finance leases	735		660
Long-term leases liabilities:
Operating leases	16,136		17,684
Finance leases	963		1,024
Total lease liabilities	$	20,101	$	20,558

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	1,242	$	883
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	42	$	24
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	601	$	283
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	226	$	452
Finance leases	$	758	$	2,089

(1)Includes reimbursements in 2022 and 2021 of approximately $45,000 and $423,000, respectively, for leasehold improvements.

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	6.85		7.54
Finance leases	2.93		3.35
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	3.95	%	3.92	%
Finance leases	3.83	%	3.11	%

Future minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	653	$	205
2023	3,133		750
2024	3,118		542
2025	3,168		248
2026	3,236		44
2027 and thereafter	8,789		—
Total	22,097		1,789
Amount representing interest	(2,821)		(91)
Amount representing leasehold incentives	(873)		—
Present value of future payments	18,403		1,698
Current portion of lease liability	(2,267)		(735)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	16,136	$	963

Guarantees or Indemnifications.    We enter into contracts that include indemnifications and guarantee provisions. In general, we enter into contracts with indemnities for matters such as breaches of representations and warranties and covenants contained in the contract and/or against certain specified liabilities. Examples of these contracts include dealer agreements, debt agreements, asset purchases and sales agreements, service agreements and procurement agreements. We are unable to estimate our maximum potential exposure under these agreements until an event triggering payment occurs. We do not expect to make any material payments under these agreements.

Dealer Commitments.    As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unamortized balance of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other similar arrangements was $106.1 million and $81.8 million, respectively. Under these agreements, we paid $6.7 million and $5.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and we paid $33.6 million and $25.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We could be obligated to make maximum payments, excluding additional amounts payable on a per watt basis if even higher thresholds are met, as follows:

	Dealer Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	3,528
2023	35,977
2024	37,755
2025	27,971
2026	6,904
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	112,135

Purchase Commitments.    In December 2021, we amended an agreement with a supplier in which we agreed to purchase at least 1,420 megawatt hours of solar energy systems, energy storage systems and accessories through December 2023. The amendment does not contain specific dollar amounts or thresholds; however, as of September 30, 2022, we estimate these remaining purchase commitments will range from $480.0 million to $520.0 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we purchased $55.4 million and $141.1 million, respectively, under this agreement.

Information Technology Commitments.    We have certain long-term contractual commitments related to information technology software services and licenses. Future commitments as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Information Technology Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	16,011
2023	22,918
2024	5,612
2025	18
2026	—
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	44,559

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

TEPH Debt.    In October 2022, we amended the TEPH revolving credit facility to, among other things, (a) increase the aggregate commitment amount from $564.7 million to $600.0 million and (b) increase the uncommitted maximum facility amount from $639.7 million to $689.7 million.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests.    In October 2022, we admitted a tax equity investor as the Class A member of Sunnova TEP 6-C, LLC ("TEP6C"), a subsidiary of Sunnova TEP 6-C Manager, LLC, which is the Class B member of TEP6C. The Class A member of TEP6C made a total capital commitment of approximately $30.0 million.

Noncontrolling Interests.    In October 2022, the Class A member of TEP6D increased its capital commitment from $25.0 million to $75.0 million.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements ("interim financial statements") include our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, statements of redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity and statements of cash flows and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") from records maintained by us. We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2021 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

Our interim financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest. In accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation, we consolidate any VIE of which we are the primary beneficiary. We form VIEs with our investors in the ordinary course of business to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with our solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity. However, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve holding a majority of the voting interests. A primary beneficiary is defined as the party that has (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We do not

consolidate a VIE in which we have a majority ownership interest when we are not considered the primary beneficiary. We have considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant us power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of our VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the installation, operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. We consider the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, we have determined we are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs and evaluate our relationships with our VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether we continue to be the primary beneficiary. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a significant impact on our interim financial statements.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The application of GAAP in the preparation of the interim financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts ReceivableAccounts Receivable—Trade.    Accounts receivable—trade primarily represents trade receivables from residential customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable—trade is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. We review the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. We write off accounts receivable when we deem them uncollectible.Accounts Receivable—Other.    Accounts receivable—other primarily represents receivables from our dealers or other parties related to the sale of inventory and the use of inventory procured by us.

Inventory

InventoryInventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory primarily represents (a) raw materials, such as energy storage systems, photovoltaic modules, inverters, meters and modems, (b) homebuilder construction in progress and (c) other associated equipment purchased. These materials are typically procured by us and used by our dealers, sold to our dealers or held for use as original parts on new solar energy systems or replacement parts on existing solar energy systems. We remove these items from inventory and record the transaction in typically one of these manners: (a) expense to operations and maintenance expense when installed as a replacement part for a solar energy system, (b) recognize in accounts receivable—other when procured by us and used by our dealers, (c) expense to cost of revenue—inventory sales if sold directly to a dealer or other party, (d) capitalize to property and equipment when installed on an existing home or (e) capitalize to property and equipment when placed in service under the homebuilder program. We periodically evaluate our inventory for unusable and obsolete items based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Based on this evaluation, provisions are made to write inventory down to net realizable value.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

•Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability. Our financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, customer notes receivable, investments in solar receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and contingent consideration. The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate the fair values due to the fact that they are short-term in nature and based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date (Level 1). We estimate the fair value of our customer notes receivable based on interest rates currently offered under the loan program with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We estimate the fair value of our investments in solar receivables based on a discounted cash flows model that utilizes market data related to solar irradiance, production factors by region and projected electric utility rates in order to build up revenue projections (Level 3). In addition, lease-related revenue and maintenance and service costs were supported through the use of available market studies and data. We estimate the fair value of our fixed-rate long-term debt based on interest rates currently offered for debt with similar maturities and terms (Level 3). We determine the fair values of the interest rate derivative transactions based on a discounted cash flow method using contractual terms of the transactions. The floating interest rate is based on observable rates consistent with the frequency of the interest cash flows (Level 2). For contingent consideration, we estimate the fair value of the installation earnout using the Monte Carlo model based on the forecasted placements for the installations and the microgrid earnout using a scenario-based methodology based on the probabilities of the microgrid earnout, both using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable, Note 8, Long-Term Debt and Note 9, Derivative Instruments.

Changes in fair value of our investments in solar receivables are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations. Changes in fair value of our contingent consideration are included in other operating expense/income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue / Loans / Deferred Revenue

Revenue

We recognize revenue from contracts with customers as we satisfy our performance obligations at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon an estimated rate of return, net of cash incentives. We express this rate of return as the solar rate per kilowatt hour ("kWh") in the customer contract. The amount of revenue we recognize does not equal customer cash payments because we satisfy performance obligations ahead of cash receipt or evenly as we provide continuous access on a stand-ready basis to the solar energy system. We reflect the differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue we have not yet recognized and includes deferred revenue as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but not yet recognized revenue was approximately $2.7 billion as of September 30, 2022, of which we expect to recognize approximately 4% over the next 12 months. We do not expect the annual recognition to vary significantly over approximately the next 20 years as the vast majority of existing solar service agreements have at least 20 years remaining, given the average age of the fleet of solar energy systems under contract is less than four years.

Certain customers may receive cash incentives. We defer recognition of the payment of these cash incentives and recognize them over the life of the contract as a reduction to revenue. The deferred payment is recorded in other assets for customers who receive the cash incentives under our lease and PPA agreements, and as a contra-liability in other long-term liabilities for customers who receive the cash incentives under our loan agreements.

PPAs.    Customers purchase electricity from us under PPAs. Pursuant to ASC 606, we recognize revenue based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The PPAs generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

Leases.    We are the lessor under lease agreements for solar energy systems and energy storage systems, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842 and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. We recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract term as we satisfy our obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system. All customers must pass our credit evaluation process. The lease agreements generally have a term of 20 or 25 years with an opportunity for customers to renew for up to an additional 10 years, via two five-year or one 10-year renewal options.

In most cases, we provide customers under our lease agreements a performance guarantee that each solar energy system will achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output, which is a significant proportion of its expected output. The specified minimum solar energy production output may not be achieved due to natural fluctuations in the weather or equipment failures from exposure and wear and tear outside of our control, among other factors. We determine the amount of the guaranteed output based on a number of different factors, including: (a) the specific site information related to the tilt of the panels, azimuth (a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from a reference direction) of the panels, size of the system, and shading on site; (b) the calculated amount of available irradiance (amount of energy for a given flat surface facing a specific direction) based on historical average weather data and (c) the calculated amount of energy output of the solar energy system.

While actual irradiance levels can significantly change year over year due to natural fluctuations in the weather, we expect the levels to average out over the term of a lease and to approximate the levels used in determining the amount of the performance guarantee. Generally, weather fluctuations are the most likely reason a solar energy system may not achieve a certain specified minimum solar energy production output.

If the solar energy system does not produce the guaranteed production amount, we are required to refund a portion of the previously remitted customer payments, where the repayment is calculated as the product of (a) the shortfall production amount and (b) the dollar amount (guaranteed rate) per kWh that is fixed throughout the term of the contract. These remittances of a customer's payments, if needed, are payable as early as the first anniversary of the solar energy system's placed in service date and then every annual period thereafter. See Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.

Inventory Sales.    Inventory sales revenue represents revenue from the direct sale of inventory to our dealers or other parties. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon shipment. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenue—inventory sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Solar Renewable Energy Certificates.    Each solar renewable energy certificate ("SREC") represents the environmental benefit of one megawatt hour (1,000 kWh) generated by a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold separate from the actual electricity generated by the renewable-based generation source. We account for the SRECs we generate from our solar energy systems as governmental incentives with no costs incurred to obtain them and do not consider those SRECs output of the underlying solar energy systems. We classify these SRECs as inventory held until sold and delivered to third parties. As we did not incur costs to obtain these governmental incentives, the inventory carrying value for the SRECs was $0 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We enter into economic hedges related to expected production of SRECs through forward contracts. While these fixed price forward contracts serve as an economic hedge against spot price fluctuations for the SRECs, the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are not designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. The contracts require us to physically deliver the SRECs upon settlement. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon satisfaction of the performance obligation to transfer the SRECs to the stated counterparty. Payments are typically received within one month of transferring the SREC to the counterparty. The costs related to the sales of SRECs are generally limited to broker fees (recorded in cost of revenue—other), which are only paid in connection with certain transactions. In certain circumstances we are required to purchase SRECs on the open market to fulfill minimum delivery requirements under our forward contracts.

Cash Sales.    Cash sales revenue represents revenue from a customer's purchase of a solar energy system from us typically when purchasing a new home. We recognize the related revenue under ASC 606 upon verification of the home closing.

Loans.    See discussion of loan revenue in the "Loans" section below.

Other Revenue.    Other revenue includes certain state and utility incentives, revenue from the direct sale of solar energy systems and energy storage systems to customers with financing provided by us and sales of service plans. We recognize revenue from state and utility incentives in the periods in which they are earned. We recognize revenue from the direct sale of energy storage systems in the period in which the storage components are placed in service. Service plans are available to customers whose solar energy system was not originally sold by Sunnova. We recognize revenue from service plan contracts on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, which is typically 10 years.

Loans

We offer a loan program, under which the customer finances the purchase of a solar energy system or energy storage system through a solar service agreement, typically for a term of 10, 15 or 25 years. We recognize cash payments received from customers on a monthly basis under our loan program (a) as interest income, to the extent attributable to earned interest on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; (b) as a reduction of a note receivable on the balance sheet, to the extent attributable to a return of principal (whether scheduled or prepaid) on the contract that financed the customer's purchase of the solar energy system or energy storage system; and (c) as revenue, to the extent attributable to payments for operations and maintenance services provided by us. To qualify for the loan program, a customer must pass our credit evaluation process, which requires the customer to have a minimum FICO® score of 600 to 720 depending on certain circumstances, and we secure the loans with the solar energy systems or energy storage systems financed. The credit evaluation process is performed once for each customer at the time the customer is entering into the solar service agreement with us.

Our investments in solar energy systems and energy storage systems related to the loan program that are not yet placed in service are recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are transferred to customer notes receivable upon

being placed in service. Customer notes receivable are recorded at amortized cost, net of an allowance for credit losses (as described below), in other current assets and customer notes receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable related to our customer notes receivable is recorded in accounts receivable—trade, net in the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income from customer notes receivable is recorded in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The amortized cost of our customer notes receivable is equal to the principal balance of customer notes receivable outstanding and does not include accrued interest receivable. Customer notes receivable continue to accrue interest until they are written off against the allowance, which occurs when the balance is 180 days or more past due unless the balance is in the process of collection. Customer notes receivable are considered past due one day after the due date based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In all cases, customer notes receivable balances are placed on a nonaccrual status or written off at an earlier date when they are deemed uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. Accrued interest receivable for customer notes receivable placed on a nonaccrual status is recorded as a reduction to interest income. Interest received on such customer notes receivable is accounted for on a cash basis until the customer notes receivable qualifies for the return to accrual status. Customer notes receivable are returned to accrual status when there is no longer any principal or interest amounts past due and future payments are reasonably assured.

The allowance for credit losses is deducted from the customer notes receivable amortized cost to present the net amount expected to be collected. It is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics (such as financial asset type, customer credit rating, contractual term and vintage) exist. In determining the allowance for credit losses, we identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues and consider our historical level of credit losses and current economic trends that might impact the level of future credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loan agreements based on the best available data at the time and adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies: (a) we have a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual customer or (b) the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancelable by us. As of September 30, 2022, we have not experienced a significant increase in delinquent customer notes receivable and have not made any significant adjustments to our allowance for credit losses related to loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 7, Customer Notes Receivable.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts for which the criteria for revenue recognition have not yet been met and includes (a) payments for unfulfilled performance obligations which will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the respective solar service agreements, net of any cash incentives earned by the customers, (b) down payments and partial or full prepayments from customers and (c) differences due to the timing of energy production versus billing for certain types of PPAs.

New Accounting Guidance

New Accounting Guidance

New accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are adopted as of the specified effective date.

In March 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, to eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning in January 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Changes in the allowance for credit losses

The following

table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable—trade, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,198	$	858	$	1,044	$	912
Provision for current expected credit losses	802		485		1,891		1,322
Write off of uncollectible accounts	(717)		(424)		(1,769)		(1,410)
Recoveries	83		54		200		148
Other, net	—		—		—		1
Balance at end of period	$	1,366	$	973	$	1,366	$	973

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	57,043	$	26,018	$	41,138	$	17,668
Provision for current expected credit losses (1)	10,945		6,518		26,814		14,867
Recoveries	—		—		36		—
Other, net	—		(1)		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	67,988	$	32,535	$	67,988	$	32,535

(1)    In addition, we recognized $22,000 and $49,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $67,000 and $165,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of provision for current expected credit losses related to our long-term receivables for our customer leases.

Schedule of inventory

The following table presents the detail of inventory as recorded in other current assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Modules and inverters	$	41,728	$	60,661
Energy storage systems and components	98,944		43,071
Homebuilder construction in progress	45,055		23,642
Meters and modems	362		581
Other	483		—
Total	$	186,572	$	127,955

Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	As of September 30, 2022
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	71,656	$	—	$	—	$	71,656
Derivative assets	117,544		—		117,544		—
Total	$	189,200	$	—	$	117,544	$	71,656
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161
Total	$	45,161	$	—	$	—	$	45,161

	As of December 31, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$	82,658	$	—	$	—	$	82,658
Derivative assets	14,351		—		14,351		—
Total	$	97,009	$	—	$	14,351	$	82,658
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	67,895	$	—	$	—	$	67,895
Derivative liabilities	5,330		—		5,330		—
Total	$	73,225	$	—	$	5,330	$	67,895

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Financial Assets on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial assets

accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other current assets and other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	82,658	$	—
Settlements	(8,090)		—
Loss recognized in earnings	(2,912)		—
Balance at end of period	$	71,656	$	—

Schedule of changes in fair value of liabilities accounted for an a recurring basis

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our financial liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	67,895	$	—
Additions	—		90,400
Settlements	(16,014)		—
Gain recognized in earnings	(6,720)		(4,726)
Balance at end of period	$	45,161	$	85,674

The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our liabilities using Level 3 inputs:

	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	Volatility	35.00%
	Revenue risk premium	15.80%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%
Contingent consideration - microgrid earnout	Probability of success	25.00%
	Risk-free discount rate	4.24%

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table presents the detail of revenue as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
PPA revenue	$	31,891	$	25,359	$	84,235	$	68,443
Lease revenue	25,912		17,845		71,717		51,765
Inventory sales revenue	45,528		—		99,773		—
Solar renewable energy certificate revenue	16,241		12,858		37,172		30,648
Cash sales revenue	18,933		8,680		45,695		15,618
Loan revenue	5,012		2,126		12,582		5,000
Other revenue	5,847		2,033		10,924		5,259
Total	$	149,364	$	68,901	$	362,098	$	176,733

Deferred revenue schedule

The following table presents the detail of deferred revenue as recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Loans	$	490,510	$	275,681
PPAs and leases	22,345		17,274
Solar receivables	4,668		4,864
Total (1)	$	517,523	$	297,819

(1) Of this amount, $24.5 million and $15.3 million is recorded in other current liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment

The following table presents the detail of property and equipment, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Useful Lives	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in years)	(in thousands)
Solar energy systems	35	$	3,442,340	$	2,917,721
Construction in progress		356,213		188,518
Asset retirement obligations	30	53,168		45,264
Information technology systems	3	52,203		49,673
Computers and equipment	3-5	4,440		3,085
Leasehold improvements	3-6	4,437		3,160
Furniture and fixtures	7	1,132		1,132
Vehicles	4-5	1,638		1,638
Other	5-6	157		157
Property and equipment, gross		3,915,728		3,210,348
Less: accumulated depreciation		(378,551)		(300,735)
Property and equipment, net		$	3,537,177	$	2,909,613

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Natural Disaster Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both [Abstract]

Schedule of disaster losses

The following table presents the impact of the natural disaster losses as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operations and maintenance expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	$	980	$	—
General and administrative expense:
Other natural disaster-related charges	181		—
Total	$	1,161	$	—

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Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of other current assets

The following table presents the detail of other current assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Inventory	$	186,572	$	127,955
Restricted cash	14,584		80,213
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,061		56,074
Other prepaid assets	20,858		14,920
Current portion of investments in solar receivables	7,156		6,787
Prepaid inventory	1,065		4,835
Deferred receivables	11,070		4,818
Other	681		719
Total	$	336,047	$	296,321

Schedule of other assets

The following table presents the detail of other assets as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Construction in progress - customer notes receivable	$	391,435	$	238,791
Exclusivity and other bonus arrangements with dealers, net	106,089		81,756
Investments in solar receivables	64,500		75,871
Restricted cash	112,676		68,583
Straight-line revenue adjustment, net	50,699		43,367
Other	195,235		62,768
Total	$	920,634	$	571,136

Schedule of other current liabilities

The following table presents the detail of other current liabilities as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated

balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Interest payable	$	20,752	$	22,740
Deferred revenue	24,523		15,273
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	2,519		3,175
Current portion of operating and finance lease liability	3,002		1,850
Other	297		1,312
Total	$	51,093	$	44,350

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Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO") (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in AROs

The following table presents the changes in AROs as recorded in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	54,396	$	41,788
Additional obligations incurred	7,962		7,010
Accretion expense	2,687		2,094
Other	(79)		(69)
Balance at end of period	$	64,966	$	50,823

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Customer Notes Receivable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Fair values of notes receivable and corresponding carrying amounts

The following table presents the detail of customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding fair values:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Customer notes receivable	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285
Allowance for credit losses	(67,988)		(41,138)
Customer notes receivable, net (1)	$	2,166,324	$	1,260,147
Estimated fair value, net	$	2,172,904	$	1,274,099

(1)    Of this amount, $94.1 million and $56.1 million is recorded in other current assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses

The following

table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable—trade, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,198	$	858	$	1,044	$	912
Provision for current expected credit losses	802		485		1,891		1,322
Write off of uncollectible accounts	(717)		(424)		(1,769)		(1,410)
Recoveries	83		54		200		148
Other, net	—		—		—		1
Balance at end of period	$	1,366	$	973	$	1,366	$	973

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses related to customer notes receivable as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	57,043	$	26,018	$	41,138	$	17,668
Provision for current expected credit losses (1)	10,945		6,518		26,814		14,867
Recoveries	—		—		36		—
Other, net	—		(1)		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	67,988	$	32,535	$	67,988	$	32,535

(1)    In addition, we recognized $22,000 and $49,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $67,000 and $165,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of provision for current expected credit losses related to our long-term receivables for our customer leases.

Financing receivable, past due

The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost of customer notes receivable:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
1-90 days past due	$	49,973	$	23,118
91-180 days past due	10,954		5,068
Greater than 180 days past due	11,163		10,277
Total past due	72,090		38,463
Not past due	2,162,222		1,262,822
Total	$	2,234,312	$	1,301,285

Financing receivable amortized cost of customer notes receivable

The following table presents the amortized cost by origination year of our customer notes receivable based on payment activity.

	Amortized Cost by Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(in thousands)
Payment performance:
Performing	$	992,684	$	750,087	$	229,865	$	118,039	$	77,315	$	55,159	$	2,223,149
Nonperforming (1)	491		5,970		1,454		1,626		1,161		461		11,163
Total	$	993,175	$	756,057	$	231,319	$	119,665	$	78,476	$	55,620	$	2,234,312

(1)    A nonperforming loan is a loan in which the customer is in default and has not made any scheduled principal or interest payments for 181 days or more.

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt instruments

The following table presents the detail of long-term debt, net as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of September 30, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021 Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates		As of December 31, 2021
			Long-term		Current				Long-term		Current
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
SEI
0.25% convertible senior notes	0.71	%	$	575,000	$	—	0.70	%	$	575,000	$	—
2.625% convertible senior notes	3.38	%	600,000		—				—		—
Debt discount, net			(25,596)		—				(12,810)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(916)		—				(547)		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation
5.875% senior notes	6.54	%	400,000		—		6.42	%	400,000		—
Debt discount, net			(3,885)		—				(4,629)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,846)		—				(9,341)		—
EZOP
Revolving credit facility	4.40	%	409,000		—		4.12	%	190,000		—
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(898)		—
HELII
Solar asset-backed notes	5.72	%	204,016		8,632		5.71	%	217,465		8,952
Debt discount, net			(31)		—				(36)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,763)		—				(4,346)		—
RAYSI
Solar asset-backed notes	5.56	%	107,538		9,120		5.55	%	115,792		4,573
Debt discount, net			(1,006)		—				(1,166)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,558)		—				(3,893)		—
HELIII
Solar loan-backed notes	4.43	%	96,700		10,555		4.79	%	105,331		10,916
Debt discount, net			(1,610)		—				(1,838)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(1,546)		—				(1,765)		—
TEPH

Revolving credit facility	7.23	%	317,200		—		6.86	%	118,950		—
Debt discount, net			(2,310)		—				(3,678)		—
SOLI
Solar asset-backed notes	3.93	%	353,484		15,998		3.91	%	366,304		15,563
Debt discount, net			(90)		—				(100)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(7,093)		—				(7,881)		—
HELIV
Solar loan-backed notes	4.17	%	107,550		11,659		4.16	%	116,579		11,937
Debt discount, net			(602)		—				(724)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,772)		—				(3,283)		—
AP8
Revolving credit facility	—	%	—		—		7.17	%	—		—
SOLII
Solar asset-backed notes	3.42	%	234,214		6,379		3.42	%	241,293		6,176
Debt discount, net			(66)		—				(72)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,730)		—				(5,192)		—
HELV
Solar loan-backed notes	2.47	%	145,470		15,590		2.44	%	150,743		21,354
Debt discount, net			(728)		—				(840)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,803)		—				(3,230)		—
SOLIII
Solar asset-backed notes	2.79	%	281,098		16,561		2.73	%	294,069		16,590
Debt discount, net			(121)		—				(132)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(5,799)		—				(6,319)		—
HELVI
Solar loan-backed notes	2.09	%	168,510		19,289		2.02	%	181,625		21,152
Debt discount, net			(42)		—				(48)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,051)		—				(3,477)		—
HELVII
Solar loan-backed notes	2.50	%	129,349		16,026		2.44	%	141,407		12,580
Debt discount, net			(40)		—				(45)		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(2,294)		—				(2,587)		—
HELVIII
Solar loan-backed notes	3.54	%	253,739		30,221				—		—
Debt discount, net			(5,487)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(4,250)		—				—		—
SOLIV
Solar asset-backed notes	5.70	%	341,900		7,932				—		—
Debt discount, net			(11,620)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(8,305)		—				—		—
HELIX
Solar loan-backed notes	5.41	%	202,043		23,169				—		—
Debt discount, net			(3,725)		—				—		—
Deferred financing costs, net			(3,417)		—				—		—
Total			$	4,807,107	$	191,131			$	3,135,681	$	129,793

Schedule of carrying values and estimated fair values of debt instruments

Fair Values of Long-Term Debt.    The fair values of our long-term debt and the corresponding carrying amounts are as follows:

	As of September 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
SEI 0.25% convertible senior notes	$	575,000	$	522,821	$	575,000	$	568,732
SEI 2.625% convertible senior notes	600,000		593,971		—		—
Sunnova Energy Corporation 5.875% senior notes	400,000		365,699		400,000		391,917
EZOP revolving credit facility	409,000		409,000		190,000		190,000
HELII solar asset-backed notes	212,648		208,627		226,417		253,079
RAYSI solar asset-backed notes	116,658		106,933		120,365		129,575
HELIII solar loan-backed notes	107,255		97,083		116,247		120,465
TEPH revolving credit facility	317,200		317,200		118,950		118,950
SOLI solar asset-backed notes	369,482		320,655		381,867		382,511
HELIV solar loan-backed notes	119,209		105,559		128,516		123,189
SOLII solar asset-backed notes	240,593		193,442		247,469		231,894
HELV solar loan-backed notes	161,060		141,723		172,097		165,848
SOLIII solar asset-backed notes	297,659		245,034		310,659		302,994
HELVI solar loan-backed notes	187,799		161,195		202,777		199,159
HELVII solar loan-backed notes	145,375		127,664		153,987		153,518
HELVIII solar loan-backed notes	283,960		257,707		—		—
SOLIV solar asset-backed notes	349,832		342,301		—		—
HELIX solar loan-backed notes	225,212		214,374		—		—
Total (1)	$	5,117,942	$	4,730,988	$	3,344,351	$	3,331,831

(1) Amounts exclude the net deferred financing costs (classified as debt) and net debt discounts of $119.7 million and $78.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Outstanding derivative instruments

The following table presents a summary of the outstanding derivative instruments:

	As of September 30, 2022					As of December 31, 2021
	Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount		Effective Date	Termination Date	Fixed Interest Rate	Aggregate Notional Amount
	(in thousands, except interest rates)
EZOP	June 2022 - July 2022	July 2034	0.890%	$	499,215	March 2021 - March 2022	July 2033 - July 2034	1.000%	$	261,836
TEPH	July 2022	January 2035 - October 2037	1.750% - 2.650%	333,749		February 2019 - January 2023	January 2023 - January 2036	0.121% - 2.534%	270,170
Total				$	832,964				$	532,006

Fair value of interest rate swaps

The following table presents the fair value of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Other assets	$	117,544	$	14,351
Other long-term liabilities	—		(5,330)
Total, net	$	117,544	$	9,021

The following table presents the impact of the interest rate swaps and caps as recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Realized (gain) loss	$	(1,928)	$	586	$	(47,434)	$	1,693
Unrealized gain	(29,059)		(2,642)		(35,685)		(5,574)
Total	$	(30,987)	$	(2,056)	$	(83,119)	$	(3,881)

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Equity-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock option activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity:

	Number of Stock Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
							(in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	2,765,815	$	16.71	4.91			$	31,874
Granted	538,758	$	27.62	9.48	$	14.37
Exercised	(2,884)	$	10.14				$	46
Forfeited	(1,966)	$	40.14		$	18.15
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	2,710,515	$	16.26	4.07			$	18,379
Vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2022	3,299,723	$	18.48	5.02			$	18,379
Non-vested, September 30, 2022	589,208				$	14.71

Restricted stock unit activity

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:

	Number of Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1,649,789	$	18.48
Granted	1,015,949	$	23.85
Vested	(948,404)	$	19.47
Forfeited	(62,939)	$	25.86
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	1,654,395	$	20.93

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Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(62,047)	$	(27,541)	$	(132,633)	$	(123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.54)	$	(0.25)	$	(1.16)	$	(1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted	114,816,879		112,159,698		114,293,251		110,185,333

Schedule of antidilutive weighted average shares

The following table presents the weighted average shares of common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Equity-based compensation awards	5,033,658	4,574,364	4,906,182	4,727,081
Convertible senior notes	25,294,010	16,628,073	19,548,462	8,875,206

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of performance guarantee obligations

The changes in our aggregate performance guarantee obligations are as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	5,293	$	5,718
Accruals	1,811		2,323
Settlements	(3,170)		(3,275)
Balance at end of period	$	3,934	$	4,766

Lease expense

The following table presents the detail of lease expense as recorded in general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	676	$	401	$	2,061	$	1,164
Finance lease expense:
Amortization expense	201		157		562		251
Interest on lease liabilities	15		14		42		24
Short-term lease expense	37		29		97		51
Variable lease expense	190		274		712		831
Total	$	1,119	$	875	$	3,474	$	2,321

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	1,242	$	883
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	42	$	24
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	601	$	283
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	226	$	452
Finance leases	$	758	$	2,089

(1)Includes reimbursements in 2022 and 2021 of approximately $45,000 and $423,000, respectively, for leasehold improvements.

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	6.85		7.54
Finance leases	2.93		3.35
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	3.95	%	3.92	%
Finance leases	3.83	%	3.11	%

Lease assets and liabilities

The following table presents the detail of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as recorded in other assets and other current liabilities/other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of   September 30, 2022		As of   December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Right-of-use assets:
Operating leases	$	15,193	$	16,483
Finance leases	2,384		2,187
Total right-of-use assets	$	17,577	$	18,670
Current lease liabilities:
Operating leases	$	2,267	$	1,190
Finance leases	735		660
Long-term leases liabilities:
Operating leases	16,136		17,684
Finance leases	963		1,024
Total lease liabilities	$	20,101	$	20,558

Operating lease, future minimum lease payments

Future minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	653	$	205
2023	3,133		750
2024	3,118		542
2025	3,168		248
2026	3,236		44
2027 and thereafter	8,789		—
Total	22,097		1,789
Amount representing interest	(2,821)		(91)
Amount representing leasehold incentives	(873)		—
Present value of future payments	18,403		1,698
Current portion of lease liability	(2,267)		(735)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$	16,136	$	963

Other commitments

Dealer Commitments.    As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the net unamortized balance of payments to dealers for exclusivity and other similar arrangements was $106.1 million and $81.8 million, respectively. Under these agreements, we paid $6.7 million and $5.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and we paid $33.6 million and $25.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We could be obligated to make maximum payments, excluding additional amounts payable on a per watt basis if even higher thresholds are met, as follows:

	Dealer Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	3,528
2023	35,977
2024	37,755
2025	27,971
2026	6,904
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	112,135

Future commitments

Future commitments as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

	Information Technology Commitments
	(in thousands)
Remaining 2022	$	16,011
2023	22,918
2024	5,612
2025	18
2026	—
2027 and thereafter	—
Total	$	44,559

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation - (Details) customer in Thousands, $ in Billions	9 Months Ended	38 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 renewalOption customer state	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) state
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of customers | customer	246
Number of states in which entity operates (more than) | state	35	35
Maximum renewal term	10 years
Equity cure contribution | $		$ 11.2
Solar Service Agreement | Minimum
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Agreement term	10 years
Solar Service Agreement | Maximum
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Agreement term	25 years
Lease and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) | Lease Agreement, Option One
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of options to renew term	2
Renewal term	5 years
Lease and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) | Lease Agreement, Option Two
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of options to renew term	1
Renewal term	10 years

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Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) kWh FICO_score renewalOption	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Average age of solar systems	4 years
Inventory	$ 186,572		$ 127,955
Threshold period past due, writeoff	180 days
Deferred revenue	$ 517,523		297,819	$ 106,800
Revenue recognized	5,600	$ 6,600
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 0		0
PPA revenue | Lease Agreement, Option One
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Renewal term	5 years
Number of options to renew term | renewalOption	2
PPA revenue | Lease Agreement, Option Two
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Renewal term	10 years
Number of options to renew term | renewalOption	1
PPA revenue | Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	20 years
PPA revenue | Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	25 years
Renewal term	10 years
Lease revenue | Lease Agreement, Option One
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Renewal term	5 years
Number of options to renew term | renewalOption	2
Lease revenue | Lease Agreement, Option Two
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Renewal term	10 years
Number of options to renew term | renewalOption	1
Lease revenue | Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	20 years
Lease revenue | Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	25 years
Renewal term	10 years
Solar renewable energy certificate revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Energy per certificate (in kWhs) | kWh	1,000
Typical period for receiving payment	1 month
Other revenue | Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	10 years
Loan revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 490,510		$ 275,681
Loan revenue | Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	10 years
Minimum FICO score required for customer to qualify for program | FICO_score	600
Loan revenue | Median
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	15 years
Loan revenue | Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Agreement term	25 years
Minimum FICO score required for customer to qualify for program | FICO_score	720

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Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,198	$ 858	$ 1,044	$ 912
Provision for current expected credit losses	802	485	1,891	1,322
Write off of uncollectible accounts	(717)	(424)	(1,769)	(1,410)
Recoveries	83	54	200	148
Other, net	0	0	0	1
Balance at end of period	$ 1,366	$ 973	$ 1,366	$ 973

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Significant Accounting Policies - Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 186,572	$ 127,955
Modules and inverters
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	41,728	60,661
Energy storage systems and components
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	98,944	43,071
Homebuilder construction in progress
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	45,055	23,642
Meters and modems
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	362	581
Other
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 483	$ 0

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Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Fair Value of Recurring Financial Instruments (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	$ 71,656	$ 82,658
Derivative assets	117,544	14,351
Total assets	189,200	97,009
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	45,161	67,895
Derivative liabilities		5,330
Total liabilities	45,161	73,225
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	0	0
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0	0
Derivative liabilities		0
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	0	0
Derivative assets	117,544	14,351
Total assets	117,544	14,351
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	0	0
Derivative liabilities		5,330
Total liabilities	0	5,330
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Financial assets:
Investments in solar receivables	71,656	82,658
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	71,656	82,658
Financial liabilities:
Contingent consideration	45,161	67,895
Derivative liabilities		0
Total liabilities	$ 45,161	$ 67,895

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Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Investment in Solar Receivables Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 82,658	$ 0
Settlements	(8,090)	0
Loss recognized in earnings	(2,912)	0
Balance at end of period	$ 71,656	$ 0

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Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of changes in fair value of liabilities accounted for an a recurring basis (Details) - Contingent Consideration Liability - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 67,895	$ 0
Additions	0	90,400
Settlements	(16,014)	0
Gain recognized in earnings	(6,720)	(4,726)
Balance at end of period	$ 45,161	$ 85,674

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Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Fair Value Unobservable Inputs (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 - Weighted Average	Sep. 30, 2022
Volatility
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	35.00%
Revenue risk premium
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	15.80%
Risk-free discount rate
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contingent consideration - installation earnout	4.24%
Contingent consideration - microgrid earnout	4.24%
Probability of success
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contingent consideration - microgrid earnout	25.00%

XML

Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Detailed Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 149,364	$ 68,901	$ 362,098	$ 176,733
PPA revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	31,891	25,359	84,235	68,443
Lease revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	25,912	17,845	71,717	51,765
Inventory Sales Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	45,528	0	99,773	0
Solar renewable energy certificate revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	16,241	12,858	37,172	30,648
Cash sales revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	18,933	8,680	45,695	15,618
Loan revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	5,012	2,126	12,582	5,000
Other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 5,847	$ 2,033	$ 10,924	$ 5,259

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Significant Accounting Policies - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Billions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Contracted but not yet recognized revenue	$ 2.7
Performance obligation, description of timing	We do not expect the annual recognition to vary significantly over approximately the next 20 years as the vast majority of existing solar service agreements have at least 20 years remaining
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contracted but not yet recognized revenue	4.00%
Contracted but not yet recognized revenue, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months

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Significant Accounting Policies - Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 517,523	$ 297,819	$ 106,800
Deferred revenue included in other current liabilities	24,523	15,273
Loans
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	490,510	275,681
PPAs and leases
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	22,345	17,274
Solar receivables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 4,668	$ 4,864

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,915,728	$ 3,210,348
Less: accumulated depreciation	(378,551)	(300,735)
Property and equipment, net	$ 3,537,177	2,909,613
Solar energy systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	35 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,442,340	2,917,721
Less: accumulated depreciation	(333,900)	(264,600)
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 356,213	188,518
Asset retirement obligations
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	30 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 53,168	45,264
Information technology systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 52,203	49,673
Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,440	3,085
Computers and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Computers and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,437	3,160
Leasehold improvements | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Leasehold improvements | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	6 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	7 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,132	1,132
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,638	1,638
Vehicles | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	4 years
Vehicles | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 157	$ 157
Other | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Other | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	6 years

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Natural Disaster Losses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Operations and maintenance	$ 9,774	$ 6,035	$ 23,787	$ 14,640
General and administrative	$ 75,897	$ 53,372	214,362	144,028
Other natural disaster-related charges
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Operations and maintenance			980	0
General and administrative			$ 181	$ 0

XML

Natural Disaster Losses - Schedule of Disaster Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Operations and maintenance	$ 9,774	$ 6,035	$ 23,787	$ 14,640
General and administrative	75,897	53,372	214,362	144,028
Total operating expense, net	$ 177,085	$ 77,077	426,756	222,558
Natural Disaster Losses
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Total operating expense, net			1,161	0
Other natural disaster-related charges
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]
Operations and maintenance			980	0
General and administrative			$ 181	$ 0

XML

Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Inventory	$ 186,572	$ 127,955
Restricted cash	14,584	80,213	$ 52,042
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,061	56,074
Other prepaid assets	20,858	14,920
Current portion of investments in solar receivables	7,156	6,787
Prepaid inventory	1,065	4,835
Deferred receivables	11,070	4,818
Other	681	719
Total	$ 336,047	$ 296,321

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Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions - Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Construction in progress - customer notes receivable	$ 391,435	$ 238,791
Exclusivity and other bonus arrangements with dealers, net	106,089	81,756
Investments in solar receivables	64,500	75,871
Restricted cash	112,676	68,583	$ 60,071
Straight-line revenue adjustment, net	50,699	43,367
Other	195,235	62,768
Total	$ 920,634	$ 571,136

XML

Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Captions - Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Interest payable	$ 20,752	$ 22,740
Deferred revenue	24,523	15,273
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	2,519	3,175
Current portion of operating and finance lease liability	3,002	1,850
Other	297	1,312
Total	$ 51,093	$ 44,350

XML

Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO") (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]
Asset retirement obligation, useful life	30 years
Asset Retirement Obligation, Roll Forward Analysis [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 54,396	$ 41,788
Additional obligations incurred	7,962	7,010
Accretion expense	2,687	2,094
Other	(79)	(69)
Balance at end of period	$ 64,966	$ 50,823

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Customer Notes Receivable - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loan systems not yet placed in service	$ 391,400,000		$ 391,400,000		$ 238,800,000
Interest income	16,185,000	$ 9,098,000	40,428,000	$ 24,266,000
Customer notes receivable not accruing interest	9,000,000		9,000,000		0
Customer notes receivable not accruing interest, allowance	196,000		196,000		0
Interest income for nonaccrual loans	0	0	0	0
Amortized cost	22,100,000		22,100,000		15,300,000
Customer notes receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Interest income	15,100,000	8,900,000	39,100,000	23,900,000
Accrued investment income receivable	5,500,000		5,500,000		$ 3,500,000
Accrued investment income receivable, written off	$ 8,000	$ 0	$ 505,000	$ 0
Loan revenue | Minimum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Agreement term			10 years
Loan revenue | Median
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Agreement term			15 years
Loan revenue | Maximum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Agreement term			25 years

XML

Customer Notes Receivable - Schedule of Customer Notes Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	$ 2,234,312		$ 1,301,285
Allowance for credit losses	(67,988)	$ (57,043)	(41,138)	$ (32,535)	$ (26,018)	$ (17,668)
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,061		56,074
Customer Notes Receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Current portion of customer notes receivable	94,100		56,100
Carrying Value
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	2,166,324		1,260,147
Estimated Fair Value
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	$ 2,172,904		$ 1,274,099

XML

Customer Notes Receivable - Schedule of Changes in Allowances for Credit Losses Related to Customer Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 57,043	$ 26,018	$ 41,138	$ 17,668
Provision for current expected credit loss	10,945	6,518	26,814	14,867
Recoveries	0	0	36	0
Other, net	0	(1)	0	0
Balance at end of period	67,988	32,535	67,988	32,535
Provision for expected credit losses	$ 22	$ 49	$ 67	$ 165

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Customer Notes Receivable - Schedule of Aged Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	$ 2,234,312	$ 1,301,285
Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	72,090	38,463
1-90 days past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	49,973	23,118
91-180 days past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	10,954	5,068
Greater than 180 days past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	11,163	10,277
Not past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Customer notes receivable	$ 2,162,222	$ 1,262,822

XML

Customer Notes Receivable - Schedule of Amortized cost of Customer Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	$ 993,175
2021	756,057
2020	231,319
2019	119,665
2018	78,476
Prior	55,620
Total	2,234,312	$ 1,301,285
Performing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	992,684
2021	750,087
2020	229,865
2019	118,039
2018	77,315
Prior	55,159
Total	2,223,149
Nonperforming
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	491
2021	5,970
2020	1,454
2019	1,626
2018	1,161
Prior	461
Total	$ 11,163

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, non-current	$ 4,807,107	$ 3,135,681
Long-term debt, current	191,131	129,793
SEI | Convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(25,596)	(12,810)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(916)	(547)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
SEI | Convertible senior notes | 0.25% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	0.25%
Weighted average effective interest rate	0.71%	0.70%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 575,000	$ 575,000
Long-term debt, gross, current	$ 0	$ 0
SEI | Convertible senior notes | 2.625% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	2.625%		2.625%
Weighted average effective interest rate	3.38%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 600,000	$ 0
Long-term debt, gross, current	0	0
Sunnova Energy Corporation
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(3,885)	(4,629)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(7,846)	(9,341)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
Sunnova Energy Corporation | Senior notes | 5.875% senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	5.875%
Weighted average effective interest rate	6.54%	6.42%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Long-term debt, gross, current	0	0
EZOP | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(602)	(898)
Debt discount, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
EZOP | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	4.40%	4.12%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 409,000	$ 190,000
Long-term debt, gross, current	0	0
HELII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(31)	(36)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(3,763)	(4,346)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELII | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	5.72%	5.71%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 204,016	$ 217,465
Long-term debt, gross, current	8,632	8,952
RAYSI
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(1,006)	(1,166)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(3,558)	(3,893)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
RAYSI | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	5.56%	5.55%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 107,538	$ 115,792
Long-term debt, gross, current	9,120	4,573
HELIII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(1,610)	(1,838)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(1,546)	(1,765)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELIII | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	4.43%	4.79%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 96,700	$ 105,331
Long-term debt, gross, current	10,555	10,916
TEPH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(2,310)	(3,678)
Debt discount, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
TEPH | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	7.23%	6.86%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 317,200	$ 118,950
Long-term debt, gross, current	0	0
SOLI
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(90)	(100)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(7,093)	(7,881)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
SOLI | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	3.93%	3.91%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 353,484	$ 366,304
Long-term debt, gross, current	15,998	15,563
HELIV
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(602)	(724)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(2,772)	(3,283)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELIV | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	4.17%	4.16%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 107,550	$ 116,579
Long-term debt, gross, current	$ 11,659	$ 11,937
AP8 | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	0.00%	7.17%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 0	$ 0
Long-term debt, gross, current	0	0
SOLII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(66)	(72)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(4,730)	(5,192)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
SOLII | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	3.42%	3.42%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 234,214	$ 241,293
Long-term debt, gross, current	6,379	6,176
HELV
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(728)	(840)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(2,803)	(3,230)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELV | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	2.47%	2.44%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 145,470	$ 150,743
Long-term debt, gross, current	15,590	21,354
SOLIII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(121)	(132)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(5,799)	(6,319)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
SOLIII | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	2.79%	2.73%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 281,098	$ 294,069
Long-term debt, gross, current	16,561	16,590
HELVI
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(42)	(48)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(3,051)	(3,477)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELVI | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	2.09%	2.02%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 168,510	$ 181,625
Long-term debt, gross, current	19,289	21,152
HELVII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(40)	(45)
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(2,294)	(2,587)
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELVII | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	2.50%	2.44%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 129,349	$ 141,407
Long-term debt, gross, current	16,026	12,580
HELVIII
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(5,487)	0
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(4,250)	0
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELVIII | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	3.54%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 253,739	$ 0
Long-term debt, gross, current	30,221	0
SOLIV
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(11,620)	0
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(8,305)	0
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
SOLIV | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	5.70%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 341,900	$ 0
Long-term debt, gross, current	7,932	0
HELIX
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount, net, non-current	(3,725)	0
Debt discount, net, current	0	0
Deferred financing costs, net, non-current	(3,417)	0
Deferred financing costs, net, current	$ 0	$ 0
HELIX | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average effective interest rate	5.41%
Long-term debt, gross, non-current	$ 202,043	$ 0
Long-term debt, gross, current	$ 23,169	$ 0

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Long-Term Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Oct. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				$ 348,500,000
Capped call transactions	$ 48,400,000			(48,420,000)	$ (91,655,000)
Capped call transaction (in USD per share)	$ 34.24
EZOP
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	$ 151,000,000
EZOP | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	450,000,000	$ 400,000,000							$ 200,000,000
EZOP | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				41,000,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	585,000,000	475,000,000		575,000,000		$ 535,000,000	$ 350,000,000
TEPH
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		271,000,000
TEPH | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				247,500,000
Maximum borrowing capacity				639,700,000				$ 600,000,000
Aggregate committed amount				564,700,000				$ 460,700,000
AP8 | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				$ 60,000,000
HELVIII | Series 2022-A Class A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued			$ 131,900,000
Discount			1.55%
Stated interest rate			2.79%
HELVIII | Series 2022-A Class B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued			$ 102,200,000
Discount			2.23%
Stated interest rate			3.13%
HELVIII | Series 2022-A Class C
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued			$ 63,800,000
Discount			2.62%
Stated interest rate			3.53%
SOLIV | Series 2022-1 Class A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued		$ 317,000,000
Discount		3.55%
Stated interest rate		4.95%
SOLIV | Series 2022-1 Class B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued		$ 38,000,000
Discount		2.10%
Stated interest rate		6.35%
HELIX | 2022-B Class A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued	$ 178,000,000
Discount	0.69%
Stated interest rate	5.00%
HELIX | 2022-B Class B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued	$ 49,700,000
Discount	5.10%
Stated interest rate	6.00%
SEI | Convertible senior notes | 2.625% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt issued	$ 600,000,000
Discount	2.50%
Stated interest rate	2.625%			2.625%
Purchase price	$ 585,000,000

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Fair Value of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Aug. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net deferred financing costs and debt discounts	$ 119,700		$ 78,900
Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	5,117,942		3,344,351
Estimated Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 4,730,988		3,331,831
SEI | Convertible senior notes | 0.25% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	0.25%
SEI | Convertible senior notes | 2.625% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	2.625%	2.625%
SEI | Carrying Value | Convertible senior notes | 0.25% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 575,000		575,000
SEI | Carrying Value | Convertible senior notes | 2.625% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	600,000		0
SEI | Estimated Fair Value | Convertible senior notes | 0.25% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	522,821		568,732
SEI | Estimated Fair Value | Convertible senior notes | 2.625% convertible senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	593,971		0
Sunnova Energy Corporation | Carrying Value | Convertible senior notes | 5.875% senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	400,000		400,000
Sunnova Energy Corporation | Estimated Fair Value | Convertible senior notes | 5.875% senior notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	365,699		391,917
HELII | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	212,648		226,417
HELII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	208,627		253,079
RAYSI | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	116,658		120,365
RAYSI | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	106,933		129,575
HELIII | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	107,255		116,247
HELIII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	97,083		120,465
SOLI | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	369,482		381,867
SOLI | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	320,655		382,511
HELIV | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	119,209		128,516
HELIV | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	105,559		123,189
SOLII | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	240,593		247,469
SOLII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	193,442		231,894
HELV | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	161,060		172,097
HELV | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	141,723		165,848
SOLIII | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	297,659		310,659
SOLIII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	245,034		302,994
HELVI | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	187,799		202,777
HELVI | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	161,195		199,159
HELVII | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	145,375		153,987
HELVII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	127,664		153,518
HELVIII | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	283,960		0
HELVIII | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	257,707		0
SOLIV | Carrying Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	349,832		0
SOLIV | Estimated Fair Value | Solar asset-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	342,301		0
HELIX | Carrying Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	225,212		0
HELIX | Estimated Fair Value | Solar loan-backed notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	214,374		0
Revolving credit facility | EZOP | Carrying Value | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	409,000		190,000
Revolving credit facility | EZOP | Estimated Fair Value | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	409,000		190,000
Revolving credit facility | TEPH | Carrying Value | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	317,200		118,950
Revolving credit facility | TEPH | Estimated Fair Value | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 317,200		$ 118,950

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Derivative Instruments - Narrative (Details) - Interest Rate Swap - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate notional amount of derivative	$ 832,964,000		$ 532,006,000
EZOP
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate notional amount of derivative	506,600,000	$ 180,200,000
Aggregate notional amount of unwound derivative	360,200,000	131,700,000
Realized gain	19,600,000
Realized loss		68,000
TEPH
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate notional amount of derivative	333,700,000	236,300,000
Aggregate notional amount of unwound derivative	515,400,000	121,300,000
Realized gain	$ 27,800,000
Realized loss		$ 1,600,000

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Derivative Instruments - Outstanding Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021
Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate Notional Amount	$ 832,964,000	$ 532,006,000
EZOP | Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate Notional Amount	$ 506,600,000		$ 180,200,000
EZOP | Interest Rate Swap One
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed Interest Rate	0.89%	1.00%
Aggregate Notional Amount	$ 499,215,000	$ 261,836,000
TEPH | Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate Notional Amount	333,700,000		$ 236,300,000
TEPH | Interest Rate Swap Two
Derivative [Line Items]
Aggregate Notional Amount	$ 333,749,000	$ 270,170,000
TEPH | Interest Rate Swap Two | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed Interest Rate	1.75%	0.121%
TEPH | Interest Rate Swap Two | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed Interest Rate	2.65%	2.534%

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Derivative Instruments - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate swap
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative asset, fair value	$ 117,544	$ 14,351
Derivative liability, fair value	0	(5,330)
Total, net	$ 117,544	$ 9,021

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Derivative Instruments - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Unrealized gain			$ (35,685)	$ (5,574)
Interest Rate Swap | Interest Expense
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Realized (gain) loss	$ (1,928)	$ 586	(47,434)	1,693
Unrealized gain	(29,059)	(2,642)	(35,685)	(5,574)
Total	$ (30,987)	$ (2,056)	$ (83,119)	$ (3,881)

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Income tax penalties and interest accrued	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	May 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests				$ 5,990	$ 13,423	$ 3,757
Class A members | TEP6E
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests		$ 17,500
Class A members | TEP6B
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests			$ 150,000
Class A members | TEP6D
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	$ 25,000

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Stockholders' Equity (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2022 shares
SunStreet Energy Group, LLC
Repayments of Debt [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)	694,446

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Equity-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options vested (in shares)			0	0	16,816	0
Stock options vested, value			$ 0	$ 0	$ 309,000	$ 0
Total unrecognized compensation expense			$ 7,000,000		$ 7,000,000
Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional shares authorized during period (in shares)		1,265,071
Shares authorized (in shares)							5,667,761
Common stock outstanding							5.00%
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average period					2 years 1 month 17 days
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average period					1 year 6 months 18 days
Stock units vested (in shares)			245,740	240,010	948,404	913,434
Restricted stock units, vested			$ 3,400,000	$ 2,900,000	$ 18,500,000	$ 15,300,000
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 27,100,000		$ 27,100,000
Employee Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	750,000
Discount from market price	95.00%

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Equity-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Number of Stock Options
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	2,765,815	2,765,815
Granted (in shares)		538,758
Exercised (in shares)		(2,884)
Forfeited (in shares)		(1,966)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)		3,299,723
Number of stock options, exercisable (in shares)		2,710,515
Number of stock options, vested and expected to vest (in shares)		3,299,723
Number of stock options, non-vested (in shares)		589,208
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in USD per share)	$ 16.71	$ 16.71
Granted (in USD per share)		27.62
Exercised (in USD per share)		10.14
Forfeited (in USD per share)		40.14
Outstanding, ending balance (in USD per share)		18.48
Weighted average exercise price, exercisable (in USD per share)		16.26
Weighted average exercise price, vested and expected to vest (in USD per share)		$ 18.48
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, balance	4 years 10 months 28 days	5 years 7 days
Granted		9 years 5 months 23 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable		4 years 25 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, vested and expected to vest		5 years 7 days
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Granted (in USD per share)		$ 14.37
Forfeited (in USD per share)		18.15
Weighted average grant date fair value, non-vested (in USD per share)		$ 14.71
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning balance	$ 31,874	$ 31,874
Exercised		46
Outstanding, ending balance		18,379
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable		18,379
Aggregate intrinsic value, vested and expected to vest		$ 18,379

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Equity-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)			1,649,789
Granted (in shares)			1,015,949
Vested (in shares)	(245,740)	(240,010)	(948,404)	(913,434)
Forfeited (in shares)			(62,939)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	1,654,395		1,654,395
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding. beginning balance (in USD per share)	$ 20.93		$ 20.93		$ 18.48
Granted (in USD per share)			23.85
Vested (in USD per share)			19.47
Forfeited (in USD per share)			25.86
Outstanding, ending balance (in USD per share)	$ 20.93		$ 20.93

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Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic	$ (62,047)	$ (27,541)	$ (132,633)	$ (123,920)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$ (62,047)	$ (27,541)	$ (132,633)	$ (123,920)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.25)	$ (1.16)	$ (1.12)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.25)	$ (1.16)	$ (1.12)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	114,816,879	112,159,698	114,293,251	110,185,333
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	114,816,879	112,159,698	114,293,251	110,185,333

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Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share - Anti-Dilutive Weighted Average Shares (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Equity-based compensation awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	5,033,658	4,574,364	4,906,182	4,727,081
Convertible senior notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	25,294,010	16,628,073	19,548,462	8,875,206

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) MWh	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	$ 3,175	$ 2,519		$ 2,519
Other commitment	$ 81,800	106,100		106,100
Payments for dealer commitments		6,700	$ 5,800	33,600	$ 25,700
Megawatt hours to be purchased | MWh	1,420
Payments for purchase obligations		55,400		141,100
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation, estimated commitment range				480,000
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation, estimated commitment range				520,000
Performance Guarantee Obligations
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Performance guarantee obligations	$ 5,293	3,934	$ 4,766	3,934	$ 4,766	$ 5,718
Current portion of performance guarantee obligations	3,200	2,500		2,500
Long-term portion of performance guarantee obligations	$ 2,100	$ 1,400		$ 1,400

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Commitments and Contingencies - Performance Guarantee Obligations (Details) - Performance Guarantee Obligations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Performance Guarantee Obligations [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 5,293	$ 5,718
Accruals	1,811	2,323
Settlements	(3,170)	(3,275)
Balance at end of period	$ 3,934	$ 4,766

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Expenses and Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 676	$ 401	$ 2,061	$ 1,164
Finance lease expense:
Amortization expense	201	157	562	251
Interest on lease liabilities	15	14	42	24
Short-term lease expense	37	29	97	51
Variable lease expense	190	274	712	831
Total	$ 1,119	$ 875	$ 3,474	$ 2,321

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Right-of-use assets:
Operating leases	$ 15,193	$ 16,483
Finance leases	2,384	2,187
Total right-of-use assets	17,577	18,670
Current lease liabilities:
Operating leases	2,267	1,190
Finance leases	735	660
Long-term leases liabilities:
Operating leases	16,136	17,684
Finance leases	963	1,024
Total lease liabilities	$ 20,101	$ 20,558
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other current liabilities	Other current liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other current liabilities	Other current liabilities
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities

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Commitments and Contingencies - Other Lease Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flow from operating leases	$ 1,242	$ 883
Operating cash flows from finance leases	42	24
Financing cash flows from finance leases	601	283
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	226	452
Finance leases	758	2,089
Leasehold improvements reimbursements	$ 45	$ 423
Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	6 years 10 months 6 days	7 years 6 months 14 days
Finance leases	2 years 11 months 4 days	3 years 4 months 6 days
Weighted average discount rate (percent)
Operating leases	3.95%	3.92%
Finance leases	3.83%	3.11%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Leases
Remaining 2022	$ 653
2023	3,133
2024	3,118
2025	3,168
2026	3,236
2027 and thereafter	8,789
Total	22,097
Amount representing interest	(2,821)
Amount representing leasehold incentives	(873)
Present value of future payments	18,403
Current portion of lease liability	(2,267)	$ (1,190)
Long-term portion of lease liability	16,136	17,684
Finance Leases
Remaining 2022	205
2023	750
2024	542
2025	248
2026	44
2027 and thereafter	0
Total	1,789
Amount representing interest	(91)
Amount representing leasehold incentives	0
Present value of future payments	1,698
Current portion of lease liability	(735)	(660)
Long-term portion of lease liability	$ 963	$ 1,024

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Commitments and Contingencies - Dealer Commitments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Total	$ 106,100	$ 81,800
Long-Term Dealer Commitments
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Remaining 2022	3,528
2023	35,977
2024	37,755
2025	27,971
2026	6,904
2027 and thereafter	0
Total	$ 112,135

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Commitments and Contingencies - Information Technology Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remaining 2022	$ 16,011
2023	22,918
2024	5,612
2025	18
2026	0
2027 and thereafter	0
Total	$ 44,559

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 27, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2020
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests			$ 5,990	$ 13,423	$ 3,757
TEPH | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate committed amount		$ 564,700	564,700			$ 460,700
Maximum borrowing capacity		639,700	$ 639,700			$ 600,000
TEP6D | Class A members
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests		$ 25,000
Subsequent Event | TEPH | Revolving credit facility | Revolving credit facility
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate committed amount	$ 600,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	689,700
Subsequent Event | TEP6C | Class A members
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	30,000
Subsequent Event | TEP6D | Class A members
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	$ 75,000