0000912057-19-000317.txt : 20200904 0000912057-19-000317.hdr.sgml : 20200904 20190730180439 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000912057-19-000317 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: DRS/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 22 FILED AS OF DATE: 20190731 20200904 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20190730 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: VIA optronics AG CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001769116 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES [3674] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: DRS/A SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 377-02579 FILM NUMBER: 19986745 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: SIEBOLDSTR. 18 CITY: NUREMBERG STATE: 2M ZIP: D-90411 BUSINESS PHONE: 49 911 597 575-0 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: SIEBOLDSTR. 18 CITY: NUREMBERG STATE: 2M ZIP: D-90411 DRS/A 1 filename1.htm

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As confidentially submitted with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2019
as Amendment No. 4 to the confidential submission dated April 5, 2019
This draft registration statement has not been publicly filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and all information herein remains strictly confidential.

Registration No. 333-            

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933



VIA optronics AG
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant's name into English)



Federal Republic of Germany
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
  3674
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

Sieboldstrasse 18
90411 Nuremberg, Germany
+49 (0) 911 597 575-0
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of Registrant's principal executive offices)

Corporation Service Company
1090 Vermont Avenue N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
(800) 927-9800
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)



Copies to:

David S. Rosenthal, Esq.
Federico G. Pappalardo, Esq.
Gregory A. Schernecke, Esq.
Dechert LLP
1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10036
(212) 698-3500

 

Ward A. Greenberg, Esq.
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP
Main Tower, Neue Mainzer Strasse 52
60311 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
+49 69 97 103 0



Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

           If any of the securities being registered on this Form are offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box.    o

           If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

           Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth company ý

           If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.    o

The term "new or revised financial accounting standard" refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.



CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

       
 
Title of each class of securities
to be registered(1)

  Proposed maximum
aggregate offering
price(2)(3)

  Amount of
registration fee

 

Ordinary shares, €1.00 notional value per share

  $                                   $                                

 

(1)
American depositary shares, or ADSs, issuable upon deposit of the ordinary shares registered hereby will be registered under a separate Registration Statement on Form F-6. Each ADS will represent                                    of an ordinary share.

(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(3)
Includes ordinary shares represented by ADSs that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to an option to purchase additional ADSs.

           The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.

   


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED                 , 2019

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS    

LOGO

American Depositary Shares

VIA optronics AG

Representing                  Ordinary Shares

$            per American Depositary Share



         This is the initial public offering of VIA optronics AG, a German stock corporation. We are offering            American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, and the selling shareholder identified in this prospectus is offering            ADSs. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholder. Each ADS will represent                  of an ordinary share with a notional value of €1.00 per share. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $            and $            per ADS.

         We intend to apply to list the ADSs on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VIAO."

         Upon the completion of this offering, we may qualify as a "controlled company" under the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange and may be eligible to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements of such rules. We are both an "emerging growth company" as that term is defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and a "foreign private issuer" as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws, and as such may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings. See "Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company" and "Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer."



         Investing in the ADSs involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 13.

         Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



 
  Per Share   Per ADS   Total
Public offering price   $               $               $            
Underwriting discounts and commissions   $               $               $            
Proceeds to VIA optronics AG (before expenses)   $               $               $            
Proceeds to the selling shareholder (before expenses)   $               $               $            

         Corning Research & Development Corporation, one of our commercial partners, has agreed to purchase ADSs at an aggregate purchase price of $20 million in a separate concurrent private placement, that we expect will be completed shortly after the completion of this offering, at a price per ADS equal to 95% of the initial public offering price in this offering. The sale of such ADSs will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of such concurrent private placement.

         The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to            additional ADSs from the selling shareholder to cover over-allotments, if any. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholder.

         Delivery of the ADSs will be made against payment in New York, New York on or about                  , 2019.

         Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved of anyone's investment in these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



Citigroup   Stifel
Berenberg   William Blair   Needham & Company

   

                        , 2019


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  Page  

Prospectus Summary

    1  

Risk Factors

    13  

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

    55  

Use of Proceeds

    57  

Dividend Policy

    58  

Capitalization

    59  

Dilution

    60  

Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data

    62  

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

    66  

Business

    86  

Management

    114  

Related Party Transactions

    130  

Principal and Selling Shareholders

    132  

Description of Company History and Share Capital

    135  

Description of American Depositary Shares

    153  

Shares and ADSs Eligible for Future Sale

    161  

Exchange Controls and Limitations Affecting Shareholders

    163  

Taxation

    164  

Underwriting

    175  

Expenses Related to this Offering

    181  

Legal Matters

    181  

Experts

    181  

Service of Process and Enforcement of Civil Liabilities

    181  

Where You Can Find More Information

    182  

Index to Financial Statements

    F-1  

        You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or contained in any free writing prospectus we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus filed with the SEC. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the ADSs only in jurisdictions where offers and sales of these securities are legally permitted. The information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we file is accurate only as of its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the ADSs. Our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects may have changed since that date.

        Until 25 days after the date of this prospectus, federal securities laws may require all dealers that buy, sell, or trade the ADSs, whether or not participating in this offering, to deliver a prospectus. This requirement is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

        For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the United States, where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the ADSs and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.


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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

        We have historically conducted our business through VIA optronics GmbH and its consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore our historical consolidated financial statements present the result of operations of VIA optronics GmbH. Prior to the consummation of this offering, the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH contributed the shares they held in VIA optronics GmbH to VIA optronics AG by way of a contribution in kind against issuance of new shares (Sacheinlage gegen Gewährung von neuen Aktien) to the newly established VIA optronics AG. Following this contribution, our financial statements will present the results of VIA optronics AG and its consolidated subsidiaries. VIA optronics AG's financial statements will be the same as VIA optronics GmbH's financial statements prior to this offering. Unless otherwise indicated or the context implies otherwise:

    "VIA optronics," "VIA," "Company," "we," "us" and "our" refers to VIA optronics AG, its direct subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH and its indirect subsidiaries on a consolidated basis;

    "shares" or "ordinary shares" refers to our ordinary shares;

    "ADSs" refers to American Depositary Shares, each of which represents                    of an ordinary share; and

    "ADRs" refers to American Depositary Receipts, which may evidence the ADSs.

        All references in this prospectus to "U.S. dollars," "USD" or "$" are to the legal currency of the United States and all references to "€" or "euro" are to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of the European economic and monetary union pursuant to the treaty establishing the European Community, as amended. Our consolidated financial statements are presented in euros. Throughout this prospectus and solely for convenience, we have converted euros to U.S. dollars at the noon buying rate of €1.00=US$1.145, as certified by the European Central Bank at December 31, 2018.

        Unless otherwise indicated, the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards and also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, and interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB, which differ in certain significant respects from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Financial information in thousands or millions, and percentage figures in this prospectus have been rounded. Rounded total and sub-total figures in tables in this prospectus may differ marginally from unrounded figures indicated elsewhere in this prospectus or in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, rounded individual figures and percentages may not produce the exact arithmetic totals and sub-totals indicated elsewhere in this prospectus.

        MaxVU is a trademark of ours that we use in this prospectus. This prospectus also includes trademarks, tradenames and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert our rights, or the rights of the applicable licensor to our trademark and tradenames to the fullest extent under applicable law.


INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

        This prospectus contains estimates and other statistical data prepared by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry. We obtained the industry and market data in this prospectus from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties, some of which may not be publicly available.

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        Industry publications, research, surveys, studies and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under "Risk Factors." These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in our forecasts or estimates or those of independent third parties.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

        This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in the ADSs, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, for a more complete understanding of our business and this offering.

Our Company

        We are a leading provider of enhanced display solutions for multiple end markets in which superior functionality or durability is a critical differentiating factor. Our technology is particularly well-suited for demanding environments that pose technical and optical challenges for displays, such as bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures and condensation. Our solutions combine our expertise in integrated display head assembly and proprietary bonding technologies. We also develop, manufacture and sell an array of customized metal mesh touch sensors and electrode base film materials for use in touch panels. Our portfolio of offerings enables thin display designs and high optical clarity, which decreases power consumption and increases readability. We provide a wide range of customized display solutions across a broad range of display sizes and shapes, including curved display panels and solutions integrating multiple displays under one cover lens.

        Our differentiated technologies include our proprietary silicone-based bonding material, or VIA bond plus, our patented optical bonding processes, or MaxVU™, and our metal mesh touch sensor technology. Our optical bonding processes utilize VIA bond plus for display head assemblies, or DHAs, without using any potentially damaging mechanical force, and eliminate air gaps and other distorting features common to conventional technologies. Our metal mesh touch sensor technology enables high precision functionality and is based on a metal grid patterned on a transparent electrode base film that can be laminated to any type, size and shape of cover lens material. In addition to our proprietary technologies and processes, we leverage our customized equipment and manufacturing know-how to quickly clean, re-tool and ramp up our production lines to maximize utilization.

        Our customers operate in the automotive, consumer electronics and industrial/specialized applications end markets. Our solutions can be found in the products of companies such as Alpine, BMW, Continental, Ferrari, General Motors, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Sharp, 3M, Aptiv, Honeywell and John Deere. Our automotive applications include displays for navigation, instrument clusters, rear seat entertainment and infotainment systems. Our consumer applications include solutions for notebooks, tablets and all-in-one monitors. Our industrial/specialized applications include avionics and marine instrumentation, agricultural combines, digital signage, interactive conference room displays, industrial robotics and defense applications.

        Our portfolio of offerings consists of enhanced display solutions, optical bonding and related services and licensing, and metal mesh touch sensors. We possess an extensive array of proprietary technologies related to optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensors which enables us to provide enhanced display solutions that are built to meet the specific needs of our customers. We believe our technologies and our related intellectual property, as well as our engineering expertise, give us a competitive edge and pose significant barriers to entry.

        For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated revenue of €171.7 million and profit of €3.4 million and for the three months ended March 31, 2019, we generated revenue of €32.9 million and a loss of €1.9 million. We are headquartered in Nuremberg, Germany and had over 650 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2018. We maintain production facilities in Germany, China and Japan and, through our subsidiaries, operate sales offices in Taiwan and the United States. In 2018, we served over 70 customers around the world.


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Our Industry

        Digital displays have become pervasive in everyday life. Technological advancements, quality improvements and cost reductions have collectively helped to make displays ubiquitous in nearly every industry. In response to the growing demand and broadening applications of display technology, optical bonding and touch sensor technologies have become critical to achieving the diverse and highly specific requirements of customers in various end markets. We estimate that the addressable market for our products in 2018 was at least $42.3 billion, which was derived from MarketsandMarkets' estimate of global revenue from the sale of displays of approximately $130.0 billion in 2018. Within the total global display market, MarketsandMarkets attributed $87.7 billion in 2018 to TVs, smartphones, smart wearables, other display products such as E-readers and medical devices and other display technologies such as E-paper, which we do not address today nor expect to address in the future. We estimate that our addressable market will grow to approximately $46.3 billion in 2023, based on our estimate of our addressable market in 2018 and the estimations of MarketsandMarkets for global revenues from the sale of displays.

Our Competitive Strengths

        We believe the following key strengths will help us to maintain and enhance our competitive position:

        Proprietary material, patented processes and metal mesh technology.    We believe that our proprietary silicone-based bonding material, patented optical bonding processes and metal mesh touch sensor technology are key enablers of our success in our target markets. We are, to our knowledge, the only company that offers a combination of optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensor technology. We have an aggregate of 57 granted patents and 100 additional pending patent applications relating to our optical bonding processes, metal mesh touch sensor technology and component parts used in our customized production equipment. VIA bond plus is our proprietary silicone-based bonding material utilized for all of our bonding applications. In contrast to organic substances such as acrylates, VIA bond plus is fully repairable, non-shrinking, non-yellowing, environmentally friendly and stable at extreme temperatures. MaxVU is our patented dry-bonding process that enables display head assembly without potentially damaging mechanical force, thereby increasing production yield, eliminating potential LCD damage and preventing undesired optical side effects. In addition, our copper-based metal mesh touch sensor technology offers significantly higher conductivity that enhances touch performance, including stylus/pen sensitivity and glove functionality.

        Technological expertise well-suited for demanding environments.    We are a pioneer in designing and developing display solutions intended to satisfy the most demanding technological and environmental challenges. These challenges include bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures, condensation, dust and other specialized conditions, as well as the need for enhanced touch sensitivity and curved form factors. We continue to dedicate significant research and development, or R&D, resources to address these challenges. Further, we leverage the experience we gain in the high-end consumer market, which is generally characterized by early adoption of new technologies and shorter product life cycles, to anticipate industry trends and innovate solutions for our automotive and industrial/specialized applications markets.

        Efficient global production with automated, scalable capacity.    With our modern production sites in Germany, China and Japan, we have the ability to meet customers' specific requirements with regards to design, volume and manufacturing location. Our flexible production lines can provide solutions for a wide range of display screen sizes up to 100 inches. Our bonding facilities are equipped with manual, semi-automated and fully automated production lines capable of handling various production volumes, from specialized small-batch runs to high volume production. We leverage our customized equipment

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and manufacturing know-how to quickly clean, re-tool and ramp up our production lines to maximize utilization.

        Early and deep design collaboration with Original Equipment Manufacturers.    Because of the increasing integration of display and/or touch functionality into novel design assemblies, we often engage with Original Equipment Manufacturers, or OEMs, early in their design and development processes. We utilize our deep engineering and R&D resources and operating expertise to collaborate with OEMs on product design, qualification, manufacturing and testing in order to provide comprehensive and customized solutions. We believe this approach provides us with an understanding of the OEMs' technology roadmaps, allowing us to develop innovative and advanced solutions to meet their current and future needs. Our technological expertise in combination with our collaborative relationships allows us to develop new applications, such as touch enabled controls on an automotive center console, and enables us to be a sole source supplier for certain OEMs.

        Proven engineering and experienced management team.    We have assembled a team of talented technical professionals with significant knowledge and expertise in the area of optical bonding and touch sensor technology. We also have an experienced global management team with extensive expertise in enhanced display solutions, system integration and manufacturing, and a strong track record of management experience at companies including Aptiv, AU Optronics, Dell and Siemens.

Our Growth Strategy

        The key elements of our strategy are:

        Become an integrated display system provider.    We aim to expand our capabilities to serve as an integrated display system provider in all of our markets by combining system design, interactive displays, software functionality and other hardware components. We plan to achieve this goal by utilizing our extensive intellectual property portfolio, process know-how, and optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensor technologies to expand our in-house technological capabilities. We also plan to expand our research and development efforts through increased investment in our engineering activities, including the hiring of additional personnel. We may also seek to augment our solutions by acquiring new technologies and expertise, including by acquiring other companies or assets, hiring technical teams or entering into strategic alliances.

        Grow within our existing customer base.    We plan to grow our position with existing customers by continuing to leverage our technological capabilities and engineering talents. We have become increasingly involved at earlier stages of the OEM design and development process, specifically within the automotive market, as display solutions continue to be differentiating factors for end user experience. We expect this close and early-stage collaboration to continue to facilitate strong and long-term customer relationships and increase our exposure to OEMs.

        Continue to expand our customer base.    We intend to expand our customer base within our core end markets. In particular, we believe we are well-positioned to further penetrate the automotive market given our success in the consumer electronics market, which has typically adopted newer technology more quickly due in part to shorter product life cycles, and our solutions' quality, performance, robustness and reliability. We also intend to acquire new customers within the industrial/specialized applications market, where enhanced display and touch sensor solutions are needed in a wide range of products for use in demanding environments. We believe our technological capabilities, production know-how and R&D expertise will enable us to continue to improve our products' functionality and performance and will facilitate our ability to develop products and enhancements, enable new applications and expand our customer base within our core end markets.

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        Leverage our full-service metal mesh touch sensor technology.    We intend to accelerate the adoption of our recently acquired metal mesh touch sensor technology into more touch display applications across our end markets. Before our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., or VTS, from Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., or Toppan, on March 29, 2018, we purchased touch sensors from third-party vendors for use in our display solutions. We believe our ability to produce both the electrode base film and related metal mesh touch sensors distinguishes us from our competitors by enabling us to be a one-stop touch solution provider. We expect that an increasing number of our customers will adopt our in-house metal mesh display touch sensor technology as high-precision touch functionality becomes more prevalent.

Concurrent Private Placement

        Corning Research & Development Corporation, or Corning, one of our commercial partners, has agreed to purchase ADSs at an aggregate purchase price of $20 million in a separate concurrent private placement, that we expect will be completed shortly after the completion of this offering, at a price per ADS equal to 95% of the initial public offering price in this offering. The sale of ADSs to Corning will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is subject to limited conditions set forth in the investment agreement.

Company History

        Our business is conducted through VIA optronics GmbH, registered in the commercial register of the local court (Amtsgericht) of Nuremberg under HRB 22650, and its subsidiaries. VIA optronics GmbH was established on May 12, 2006 with an initial share capital of €25,000. The company has its registered seat in Schwarzenbruck.

        Because a company in the form of a GmbH cannot be used for an initial public offering, the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH decided to create a new company in the form of a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft or AG), VIA optronics AG, to serve as a new holding company for the VIA optronics group and as the vehicle issuing the ADS for the initial public offering and listing on the New York Stock Exchange following the contribution of all shares in the operating entity VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG.

        On January 4, 2019, the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH incorporated VIA optronics AG, which was registered in the commercial register of the local court of Nuremberg under HRB 36200 on March 18, 2019 with an initial share capital of €100,000. Prior to this offering, the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH contributed all shares they held in VIA optronics GmbH to VIA optronics AG by way of a contribution in kind against issuance of shares (Sachkapitalerhöhung). As a result of this contribution, VIA optronics AG became the holding company for VIA optronics GmbH and its subsidiaries.

        Our website is www.via-optronics.com. This website address is included in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference only. The information and other content appearing on our website are not part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Corporation Service Company, located at 1090 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, telephone number (800) 927-9800.

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Organizational Chart

        The following chart shows our organizational structure of VIA optronics AG and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. See "Description of Company History and Share Capital—Incorporation of the Company."

GRAPHIC

Office Location

        Our principal executive offices are located at Sieboldstrasse 18, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany, and our telephone number is +49 (0) 911 597 575-0.

Our Risks and Challenges

        You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus prior to making an investment in the ADSs. Our ability to implement our business strategy is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, without limitation, risks related to:

    our ability to meet customers' requirements for quality and performance or their demands as to timing or quantity;

    our dependence upon sales to certain customers;

    our dependence upon our relationships with our strategic partners;

    our ability to win business;

    the length of the product development cycle for our OEM, Tier-1 Supplier and other customers;

    our dependence upon a limited number of suppliers for a number of our raw materials and equipment, including the silicone material used in VIA bond plus;

    delays in the production of our direct customers' product offerings, including due to performance issues with, or supply shortages of, component parts unrelated to our solutions;

    volatility in the prices or availability of certain components and raw materials used in our business;

    our ability to protect our know how, trade secrets and other intellectual property;

    our ability to manage the expansion of our operations effectively;

    our ability to attract and retain key management or other key personnel;

    our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms, or at all, if needed; and

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    the other risks described in the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

        As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we qualify as an "emerging growth company" as defined in Section 2(a) of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to:

    not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the SOX Act;

    reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and

    not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements.

        We may choose to take advantage of some or all of the available exemptions and have taken advantage of some of these exemptions in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different from the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold shares. We do not know if some investors will find the ADSs less attractive as a result of our use of these or other exemptions. The result may be a less active trading market for the ADSs and increased volatility in the price of the ADSs.

        In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of some accounting standards until the date those standards apply to companies that are not publicly traded. We currently prepare our financial statements in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, which does not have separate provisions for publicly traded and private companies.

        We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of our fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of ADSs in this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer" under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided to emerging growth companies in the JOBS Act.

Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

        Upon consummation of this offering, we will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including:

    the rules under the Exchange Act requiring domestic filers to issue financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP;

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    the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;

    the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and

    the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, containing unaudited financial and other specified information, and current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events.

        We will file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.

        We may take advantage of these exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the United States or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.

        Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain more extensive executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more extensive compensation disclosure requirements for companies that are neither an emerging growth company nor a foreign private issuer and will continue to be permitted to follow our home country practice on such matters.

Controlled Company

        Upon the completion of this offering, in addition to qualifying as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we may qualify as a "controlled company" under the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange and may be eligible to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements of such rules to the extent we are not otherwise exempt as a foreign private issuer. Under the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards, a "controlled company" may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:

    a majority of its board of directors consist of "independent directors" as defined under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange;

    its director nominees be selected, or recommended for its board of directors' selection by a nominating/governance committee comprised solely of independent directors; and

    the compensation of its executive officers be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, by a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors.

        Even if we qualify as a "controlled company" upon the consummation of the offering, we do not expect to take advantage of any of the applicable exemptions under the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards except to the extent we are otherwise exempt from such standards as a foreign private issuer; however, there can be no assurance that we will not elect to do so in the future if we are eligible.

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The Offering

American Depositary Shares offered:

   

By VIA optronics AG

 

            ADSs

By Jürgen Eichner, our Chief Executive Officer, as selling shareholder

 

            ADSs

ADSs to be sold to Corning in the concurrent private placement

 

            ADSs

ADSs to be outstanding immediately after this offering and the concurrent private placement

 

            ADSs

Ordinary shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering and the concurrent private placement

 

            ordinary shares

Offering price

 

We currently estimate that the initial public offering price per ADS will be between $            and $            .

Over-allotment option

 

            ADSs from the selling shareholder.

The ADSs

 

Each ADS represents            of an ordinary share.

 

The depositary, the custodian or any of their respective nominees will hold the ordinary shares and any other rights or property underlying your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement. You may cancel your ADSs and withdraw the underlying ordinary shares as provided, and pursuant to the limitations set forth in, the deposit agreement. The depositary will charge you fees for, among other acts, any such cancellation. We and the depositary may amend the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs, you agree to be bound by the terms of the deposit agreement then in effect.

 

To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the "Description of American Depositary Shares" section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Depositary

 

The Bank of New York Mellon

Custodian

 

The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, and any other custodian as may be appointed pursuant to the deposit agreement.

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Use of proceeds

 

We expect to receive total net proceeds from this offering of approximately $            million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming an initial offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We will also receive net proceeds of approximately $            million from the sale of            ADSs in the concurrent private placement to Corning. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering and the concurrent private placement for the following purposes: (i) potential acquisitions of targets that could enhance our integrated solutions offerings within the automotive and/or industrial/specialized markets although we do not have agreements or commitments for any material acquisitions at this time; (ii) improvements in and expansion of our existing production capabilities, including with respect to the production of large display sizes and improvement in automation in our facilities in Germany and Japan and expansion of our clean room capacity in our Chinese facilities; (iii) research and development, including research and development relating to camera-enhanced displays, three dimensional displays, new sensor technologies, software enhancements and embedded computing; (iv) expansion of our sales, marketing and distribution teams; and (v) general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, working capital. See "Use of Proceeds."

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of ADSs offered by the selling shareholder.

Dividend policy

 

We have no present intention of declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. See "Dividend Policy."

Risk factors

 

You should carefully read the information set forth in the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus beginning on page 14 and the other information set forth in this prospectus before deciding to invest in the ADSs.

Proposed NYSE trading Symbol

 

"VIAO"

        The number of our ordinary shares to be outstanding after this offering and the concurrent private placement is based on the number of ordinary shares outstanding as of                        , 2019. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. Unless otherwise noted, the information in this prospectus assumes the issuance and sale of                        ADSs in the concurrent private placement to Corning at 95% of the assumed initial public offering price. The number of ordinary shares outstanding after this offering is dependent on the number of ADSs sold to Corning in the concurrent private placement, which will change based on the initial public offering price per ADS in this offering.

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Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data

        We present below summary consolidated historical financial and other data of VIA optronics GmbH, our former holding company that is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of VIA optronics AG. The financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from VIA optronics GmbH's audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus and which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. We derived the summary consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) data for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the summary consolidated statement of financial position data as of March 31, 2019 from VIA optronics GmbH's unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the financial results to be expected for any future periods. You should read this information in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data" and VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income/Loss:
Three Months Ended March 31, Year Ended December 31,
2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2017
 
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 

Revenue

$ 37,645 32,878 42,733 $ 196,573 171,679 131,031

Cost of sales

(34,763 ) (30,361 ) (37,912 ) (170,207 ) (148,652 ) (113,232 )

Gross profit

2,882 2,517 4,821 26,366 23,027 17,799

Selling expenses

(1,208 ) (1,055 ) (859 ) (4,918 ) (4,295 ) (3,735 )

General administrative expenses

(4,011 ) (3,503 ) (2,526 ) (16,589 ) (14,488 ) (7,988 )

Research and development expenses

(460 ) (402 ) (197 ) (1,531 ) (1,337 ) (798 )

Other operating income (expenses), net(2)

168 147 2,591 2,280 1,991 33

Operating income/(loss)

(2,629 ) (2,296 ) 3,830 5,608 4,898 5,311

Financial result

(420 ) (367 ) (254 ) (1,308 ) (1,142 ) (696 )

Profit/(loss) before tax

(3,049 ) (2,663 ) 3,576 4,301 3,756 4,615

Income tax expense

834 728 (534 ) (433 ) (378 ) (1,262 )

Net profit/(loss)

(2,215 ) (1,935 ) 3,042 3,868 3,378 3,353

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

606 529 99 26 23 (165 )

Comprehensive income/(loss)

(1,609 ) (1,406 ) 3,141 3,894 3,401 3,188

 

 
As of March 31,  
 
 
 
As of December 31,
Selected Consolidated
Statement of Financial
Position Data:
2019
(As Adjusted)(3)
2019
(Actual)
2019
(Actual)
 
2018 2018 2018 2017
 
(€ in thousands)
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $6,875 €5,989 €2,325 $ 11,345 9,943 6,623

Working capital

  (2,645 ) (2,310 ) 540 1,432 1,251 3,683

Total assets

  102,976 89,935 57,293 92,254 80,571 48,713

Total liabilities

  88,298 77,116 43,329 75,968 66,348 40,109

Shareholders' equity

  14,678 12,819 13,964 16,285 14,223 8,604

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Three Months Ended March 31, Year Ended December 31,
Other Data:
2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2017
 
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
($ in thousands)(1)
(€ in thousands)
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 

Gross margin(4)

7.7 % 7.7 % 11.3 % 13.4 % 13.4 % 13.6 %

EBITDA(5)

$(913 ) €(797 ) €4,051 $ 9,286 8,110 5,940

Adjusted EBITDA(5)

(913 ) (797 ) 4,193 10,465 9,140 6,436

Adjusted net profit/(loss)(5)

(2,214 ) (1,934 ) 3,140 4,673 4,081 3,713

Adjusted EBITDA margin(5)

(2.4 )% (2.4 )% (9.8 )% 5.3 % 5.3 % 4.9 %

(1)
Amounts in this column are not audited and have been converted from euros to U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader at the noon buying rate of €1.00=US$1.145, as certified by the European Central Bank at December 31, 2018.

(2)
Amount is shown on a net basis solely for convenience of the reader. Please refer to VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus, for a presentation of Other operating income and Other operating expense on a gross basis.

(3)
Gives effect to the sale of                ADSs by us in this offering and the sale of            ADSs in the concurrent private placement to Corning at 95% of the initial public offering price, in each case assuming an initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, total assets and shareholders' equity by $             million, assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each increase or decrease of 1.0 million in the number of ADSs offered by us at the assumed initial public offering price would increase or decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, total assets and shareholders' equity by $             million, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

(4)
We define gross margin as gross profit stated as a percentage of revenues.

(5)
Our management and supervisory boards utilize both IFRS and non-IFRS measures in a number of ways, including to facilitate the determination of our allocation of resources, to measure our performance against budgeted and forecasted financial plans and to establish and measure a portion of management's compensation.


The non-IFRS measures used by our management and supervisory boards include:

    EBITDA, which we define as net profit (loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization; for purposes of our EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

    Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as net profit/(loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our Adjusted EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

    Adjusted EBITDA margin, which we define as Adjusted EBITDA stated as a percentage of revenue; and

    Adjusted net profit/(loss), which we define as net profit/(loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before the after tax impacts of acquisition related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our calculation of Adjusted Net Profit/(Loss), we calculate the tax impacts assuming application of an effective tax rate to VIA optronics GmbH of 31.8% and 27.4% for fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017,

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        respectively, and 31.8% for the first quarter of 2019 representing, in each case, the German statutory income tax rate, plus any applicable German solidarity surcharges plus any applicable municipal trade taxes.


Our management and supervisory boards believe these non-IFRS measures are helpful tools in understanding certain aspects of our financial performance and are important supplemental measures of operating performance because they eliminate items that may have less bearing on our operating performance and highlight trends that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures. As an example, our VTS acquisition-related costs, such as costs attributable to the consummation of the transaction and integration of VTS as a consolidated subsidiary (composed substantially of professional services fees, including legal, accounting and other consultants) and any transition compensation costs, are not considered to be related to the continuing operation of VTS's business and are generally not relevant to assessing or estimating the long-term performance of VTS. We also believe that these non-IFRS measures are useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our performance because these measures are the same measures used by our management and supervisory boards for these purposes.


While we use non-IFRS measures as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that these non-IFRS measures are a substitute for, or are superior to, the information provided by IFRS results. As such, the presentation of non-IFRS measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS. The primary limitations associated with the use of non-IFRS measures as compared to IFRS results are that non-IFRS measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in our industry and that non-IFRS measures may exclude financial information that some investors may consider important in evaluating our performance. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider our non-IFRS measures alongside the directly comparable IFRS-based financial performance measures, including our net profit/(loss), net profit margin and our other IFRS financial results. Management addresses the inherent limitations associated with using non-IFRS measures through disclosure of such limitations, presentation of our financial statements in accordance with IFRS and reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted net profit/(loss) to the most directly comparable IFRS measure, net profit/(loss). Further, management also reviews IFRS measures and measures such as our level of capital expenditures, research & development expenditures, and interest expense, among other items.

Set forth below are reconciliations of each non-IFRS measure to the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with IFRS, in order to enable investors to perform their own analysis of our operating results.


 
Three Months Ended March 31, Year Ended December 31,
 
2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2017
 
($ in thousands)(A)
(€ in thousands)
($ in thousands)(A)
(€ in thousands)
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 

Net profit/(loss)

$ (2,214 ) (1,934 ) €3,044 $ 3,868 3,378 3,353

Adjustments:

           

Financial result

420 367 254 1,308 1,142 696

Foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness

87

Income tax expense/(benefit)

(835 ) (728 ) 534 432 378 1,262

Depreciation and amortization

1,715 1,498 220 3,678 3,212 542

EBITDA

(913 ) (797 ) 4,052 9,286 8,110 5,940

Adjustments:

           

Acquisition-related costs

74 1,024 894 496

Relocation costs

68 156 136

Adjusted EBITDA

(913 ) (797 ) 4,194 10,465 9,140 6,436

Revenue

37,645 32,878 42,733 196,572 171,679 131,031

Adjusted EBITDA margin

(2.4 )% (2.4 )% 9.8 % 5.3 % 5.3 % 4.9 %

Net profit/(loss)

(2,214 ) (1,934 ) 3,044 3,868 3,378 3,353

Adjustments:

           

Acquisition-related costs

50 698 610 360

Relocation costs

46 106 93

Adjusted net profit/(loss)

(2,214 ) (1,934 ) 3,140 4,673 4,081 3,713

    (A)
    Amounts in this column are not audited and have been converted from euros to U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader at the noon buying rate of €1.00=US$1.145, as certified by the European Central Bank at December 31, 2018.

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RISK FACTORS

        Investing in the ADSs involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, including "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our financial statements and related notes, before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of the ADSs could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our solutions may not meet our customers' requirements, which could result in a loss of customers or business.

        Our products must meet our customers' exacting standards for quality and performance. We design our solutions, usually in conjunction with our customers, on a project-by-project basis to meet specific customer specifications. By way of example, each metal mesh touch sensor must be customized to reflect the sensor pattern specified by our customer. Even for those projects where we have the autonomy to select certain components for integration into a finished display, we must select components that satisfy our customers' technical requirements. We have in the past, and may in the future, have products that do not meet our customers' requirements due to production deficiencies, inability to produce the requested amount of products on time or other reasons. Any failure to satisfy our customers' requirements could result in customers reducing or ceasing their business with us, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to develop and introduce new products and solutions or enhancements to existing products and solutions on a timely basis, at sufficient quality or quantity, or at competitive prices, could harm our ability to attract and retain customers.

        We and our customers often operate in intensely competitive industries that are characterized by rapidly evolving technology, frequent product introductions and ongoing demands for greater performance and functionality. New products based on new or improved technologies, such as the three dimensional glass-on frame cold formed products being developed by Corning, or new industry standards in the end-user markets can render existing products and services of our customers obsolete and unmarketable and motivate them to seek our support or the support of others in designing and manufacturing new products. We therefore must continually identify, design, develop and introduce new and updated solutions for a variety of industries with improved features to remain competitive. To do this, we must:

    design innovative and performance-improving features that differentiate our products and solutions from those of our competitors, such as application to curved surfaces, enhanced touch sensitivity, thinner display sizes, infrared and facial recognition and seamless system integration, such that our OEM customers are able to offer products that are differentiated from their competition;

    accurately define and design new products and solutions to meet market needs, such as electronic rearview mirror replacement systems;

    anticipate changes in end-user preferences with respect to end products, such as widespread use of touch functionality;

    rapidly develop and produce our products and solutions at competitive prices;

    anticipate and respond effectively to technological changes or product announcements by others; and

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    provide effective post-sales support to our direct customers for defects in our new products and solutions following deployment.

        The process of developing new products and solutions and enhancing existing products and solutions is complex, lengthy, costly and uncertain. If we fail to anticipate our customers' changing needs or emerging technological trends, our market share and results of operations could materially suffer. We must make long-term investments in our research and development capabilities, including product development and equipment customization, develop or obtain appropriate know-how and intellectual property and commit significant resources, including to enhance and prepare our production capacity, before knowing whether our predictions will accurately reflect customer demand for our products and solutions. If we are unable to adapt our products to new technological industry standards, including with respect to the incorporation of enhanced features (such as integrated camera technology or facial recognition) or functionality (such as glove functionality and software interactivity), the market's acceptance of our products and solutions could decline and our results would suffer. Furthermore, even if we are able to develop new products and solutions or enhance our existing products to meet our customers' expectations, if we are unable to achieve such developments on a cost effective basis or at sufficient quality or quantity, our customers may elect not to purchase our products or solutions and we may lose market share.

There are numerous potential alternatives to our display and touch technologies and materials.

        Optically bonded displays are more expensive than organically bonded (or air-gapped) displays and, as a result, may not be best suited for applications, specifically within the consumer electronics market, in which the highest quality performance characteristics (such as highly responsive touch functionality, sunlight readability and shock and temperature resistance) are not required. A number of companies produce organically bonded displays that do not have these high quality performance characteristics, but can compete with our display offerings. In addition, our optically bonded displays must compete with displays that are optically bonded using different techniques than the ones we employ, including liquid or dry optical bonding using epoxy or polyurethane. Companies are making substantial investments in, and conducting research to, improve the characteristics of these alternative optical bonding techniques that may improve functionality or lower the cost of their optically bonded displays. This could cause our customers to choose such products over our offerings. In addition, our metal mesh touch sensor technology is subject to competition from other producers of metal mesh touch sensors that use copper as the conductive material, as well as from silver mesh sensor and nano layer technologies that facilitate touch-enabled display capability. Advances in these technologies may result in market acceptance for alternatives to our metal mesh touch sensor technology, the impact of which may be compounded as enhanced touch-enabled displays replace existing conventional displays.

We face intense competition within our industry and our competitors may introduce new display or touch sensor solutions and specifications faster than we do, at lower prices or with better performance characteristics, may manage to reduce their costs at a greater rate than we do, or may benefit from support from corporate parents. Our failure to compete effectively with them could materially adversely affect our business, net assets, financial condition and results of operations.

        We face global competition in the market for display solutions and competition for our touch sensor solutions. Some of our current and potential competitors may have a number of advantages over us, including:

    a longer operating history;

    greater name recognition and marketing power;

    preferred vendor status with our existing and potential customers;

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    significantly greater financial, technical, personnel, sales and marketing and other resources, including benefiting from support from corporate parents;

    the ability to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities, technologies and customer requirements;

    broader product and services offerings to provide more complete solutions; and

    lower cost structures.

        Consolidation among our competitors could also result in the formation of larger competitors with greater market share and greater financial and technological resources than us, further increasing competition in the markets we serve. Furthermore, in some cases, our customers for certain products or services, such as consigned optical bonding services, may also be our competitors with respect to other aspects of our business, such as producing enhanced display solutions, and they could cease purchasing products or services from us.

        Despite our planned investments in research and development and engineering, our products and process technologies may fail to keep pace with our competitors' ability to produce higher quality display solutions at a lower cost, and our competitors may be able to offer their products on a more price-competitive basis than we can. If our development fails to keep pace, and as a result of the intense competition in the market for display solutions and competition for touch sensor solutions, we may encounter significant pricing pressure and/or suffer losses in market share. For example, our competitors have in the past and may again in the future lower prices in order to increase their market share, which would ultimately reduce the prices we may realize from our customers. If we are unable to defend our market share by continually developing new products and solutions and/or reducing our own cost base, the pricing pressure exerted by our competitors could cause us to lose important customers or lead to falling average selling prices and declining margins. We may not be able to offset the effects of any price reductions with an increase in the number of products sold, cost reductions or otherwise, which could adversely affect our revenue and financial condition. See "Business—Competition" for more information on competition in our business.

A limited number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue. These customers can exert a significant amount of negotiating leverage over us, and revenue from them can be volatile. The loss of, or a substantial decline in sales to, one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

        For 2018 and 2017, we derived 82.4% and 90%, respectively, of our revenue from our five largest customers, and 28.5% and 41%, respectively, of our revenue from our largest customer. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we derived 78.1% and 93.5%, respectively, of our revenue from our five largest customers, and 23.7% and 52.3%, respectively, of our revenue from our largest customer. We expect this concentration to continue for the foreseeable future, and our results of operations may fluctuate materially as a result of changes in these larger customers' buying patterns. The loss of any significant customer (or customers that in the aggregate represent a significant portion of our revenue) or a material reduction in the amount of business we undertake with such customers could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability. Our top customers may decide not to continue to purchase products from us at current levels or at all.

        In addition, our customers can demand and have in the past demanded reduced prices or other pricing, quality or delivery commitments as a condition to their purchasing from us or increasing their purchase volume, which can, among other things, result in reduced gross margins in order to maintain or expand our market share. If we are unable to retain and expand our business with our customers on favorable terms, or if we are unable to achieve gross margins that are similar to or more favorable than

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the gross margins we have historically achieved, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

        Our customers' negotiating leverage can also result in customer arrangements that may contain liability risk to us. For example, some of our customers require that we provide them with indemnification against certain liabilities, including claims of losses by their customers caused by our products. Any increase in our customers' negotiating leverage, including with respect to indemnification, may expose us to increased liability risk, which, if realized, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because we do not generally have long-term agreements with our customers and our customers generally are not obligated to purchase a minimum quantity of products or services from us, we could fail to match our production with our customers' demand. Our results may suffer if we are not able to adequately forecast demand for our products.

        It is not industry practice to enter into firm, long-term purchase commitments. Sales to our customers are generally governed by framework agreements that do not include minimum purchase quantity requirements. Although we consult with major customers, who typically provide us with forecasts of their product requirements, customers may not contract for products as forecasted, may cancel orders that they do place or reduce the quantities ordered from us for a number of reasons. They may also discontinue their relationship with us at any time. If we are unable to predict accurately the amount of products needed to meet customer requirements, or if customers were to unexpectedly cancel or reduce a large number of orders simultaneously, our production could significantly exceed our customers' demand. This could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        In addition, in the automotive end market, we may be required to deliver products over a long period of time without having any commitments from our customers to purchase minimum volumes of such products throughout that period. This means that our production facilities need to maintain the capability to produce such products over a long period of time, including through reserving or re-tooling machines which could be used for other projects, in order to meet demands for our products over time. In addition, until we are awarded a project and the relevant operating procedures are determined, changes in design, product specification, quantities and materials may occur which could make it difficult for us to meet the customer's demand on the schedule the customer requires. Failure to meet the demands of our customers in the automotive end market could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as harm our reputation and relationships with our automotive customers.

We are highly dependent on the success of our customers and their sales to certain end markets.

        Our customers are not the end users of our product offerings, but rather they use our products and solutions as a part of their products, which are ultimately sold to an end user. In the case of metal mesh touch sensors, we usually function as a component supplier selling touch sensors to third parties for incorporation into their own finished products which are subsequently sold to OEMs, Tier-1 suppliers and other suppliers for inclusion in end-user products. Our success depends in large part on the ability of our customers to market and sell their end products that incorporate our products. If any of our customers' end product marketing efforts are unsuccessful or if our customers experience a decrease in demand for such products, our sales and/or profitability will be reduced. Some of the end markets in which our customers operate are characterized by intense competition, rapid technological change and economic uncertainty, and as such we may be unable to replace the revenue associated with the loss of any one key customer with new business relationships. If we are unable to collaborate with and secure design wins with successful OEMs, we may not create meaningful demand for our products. Moreover, if any of our customers choose to focus their efforts on programs and end products that do

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not incorporate our products and solutions, we may experience decreased demand for our products. Any of these circumstances may adversely affect our results of operations.

We are dependent upon our relationship with Toppan Printing Co. Ltd., or Toppan, the minority owner of VTS, with respect to the production and sale of our metal mesh touch sensor technology.

        We produce and sell our metal mesh touch sensors and films through VTS, our subsidiary in which Toppan is the minority investor. In 2018, 12.4% of our revenue was generated by VTS. VTS's business operations were established through a series of commercial agreements between us (or VTS) and Toppan. These agreements include: a shareholder agreement, an intellectual property transfer agreement, an intellectual property license agreement, facility lease agreements, employee secondment agreements and a business assistance agreement. Pursuant to these agreements, Toppan transferred patents and patent applications relating to its sensor technologies to VTS. Additionally, Toppan agreed to provide VTS with the premises to produce VTS's products, including plant buildings for two manufacturing operation sites in Japan, as well as the majority of plant employees. VTS's research and development activities are delegated to Toppan under an R&D and consignment agreement. The shareholders agreement also includes certain non-competition, lock-up and deadlock put/call provisions that govern certain of our and Toppan's rights and obligations with respect to VTS. The lock-up provision prohibits us from disposing of our interest in VTS to a third party until March 23, 2020, unless such sale is pursuant to a sale of the entirety of VTS that has been approved by Toppan. The deadlock put/call provisions additionally provide that in the event of a deadlock between us and Toppan, we could be entitled to or become obligated to acquire all of Toppan's interest in VTS at certain pre-negotiated price thresholds. Under the commercial agreements with Toppan, if Toppan ceases to own an equity interest in VTS, Toppan is permitted to terminate these commercial agreements without our consent.

        Accordingly, the continuation and success of our metal mesh business is highly dependent on Toppan and on our agreements with Toppan. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete the registration process for any patent applications transferred by Toppan to VTS to perfect VTS's rights in such intellectual property or that VTS will have access to the most qualified Toppan personnel for purposes of carrying out its operations. If any of the commercial agreements with Toppan were to terminate, our relationship with Toppan were to deteriorate or if Toppan elected to prioritize its wholly-owned business over that of VTS, VTS' business operations would be materially and adversely impacted and it would have a material adverse effect on our ability to produce and sell metal mesh touch sensors and recognize the related revenue. This would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to maximize the benefits of our strategic partnership with Toppan or effectively collaborate with them in the future.

        On March 29, 2018, we acquired a 65% interest in VTS from Toppan. We have only jointly operated VTS with Toppan for a limited period of time and continue to develop our strategic relationship. We may not be able to maximize the benefits of our strategic partnership with Toppan in the future or may not collaborate with them effectively, and our failure to do so successfully may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, including, among other things, through disruption of operations at facilities we lease from Toppan, loss of Toppan employees providing services to VTS, failure to successfully execute on and maximize the benefits to us under ongoing agreements with Toppan, potential infringement of third-party intellectual property rights by products manufactured by VTS based on intellectual property rights licensed/obtained from Toppan or those developed by VTS with the assistance of Toppan and issues relating to regulatory compliance in production processes operated by Toppan employees.

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Winning business is often subject to a competitive selection process that can be lengthy and requires us to incur significant expense, and we may not be selected.

        In many cases, we must win competitive selection processes, resulting in so-called "design wins," before we can supply customers with our products and solutions. These selection processes can be lengthy and can require us to incur significant design and development expenditures. We may not win the competitive selection process and may never generate any revenue despite incurring significant design and development expenditures. The new product selection processes we seek to enter are determined by our sales team based on their judgment and experience. Even if we are successful in obtaining design wins, there is no guarantee that our sales team will have identified and pursued the most lucrative selection processes or those that will lead to the development of industry-leading technologies. Because we typically focus on only a few customers in a given product area, the loss of a design win may result in our failure to have our technologies added to new generation products in that area. This can result in lost sales and could hurt our position in future competitive selection processes to the extent we are not perceived as being a technology leader.

        After winning a product design for one of our customers, we may still experience delays in generating revenue as a result of lengthy customer development and design cycles. In addition, a change, delay or cancellation of a customer's plans could significantly adversely affect our financial results, as we may have incurred significant expense and generated no revenue. Finally, even if a design is introduced, if our customers fail to successfully market and sell their products, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may not realize our goal of becoming a design partner to OEMs.

        Our goal is to become a leading supplier to Tier-1 suppliers and a direct design partner to OEMs, specifically within the automotive market, to further our goal of becoming an integrated system provider. However, we may be unsuccessful in achieving this goal. We may be unable to develop sufficient design capabilities in time or deliver relevant system know-how in a timely manner.

        Furthermore, even if we are able to collaborate with key OEMs as a design partner to incorporate our products and solutions into their end products, we may not be successful in meeting the OEMs' product specifications, which could result in OEMs reducing their use of our products and solutions or ceasing their collaborations with us entirely.

Our OEM, Tier-1 supplier and other customers' product offerings can be subject to lengthy development periods, making it difficult to predict when and whether we will receive revenue for our products that are incorporated into their offerings.

        The product development process for our OEM, Tier-1 supplier and other customers can be lengthy, and in some instances may last for longer than two years. We may not earn revenue from our solutions unless and until products featuring our technologies are shipped to our customers, and prior to such time we may incur unreimbursed costs, which at times may be significant, for product development. Throughout the product development process, we face the risk that a manufacturer or supplier may delay the incorporation of, or choose not to incorporate, our technologies into its products, making it difficult for us to predict the revenue we may receive, if any. Furthermore, the expectations set out by our OEM and supplier customers in our framework agreements with respect to the timing for shipment of end-user products and realization of related revenue and ongoing sales forecasts may be inaccurate in whole or in part. After a product launches, our revenue still depends on market acceptance of the end-user product and the option packages if our technology is an option (for example, a navigation or entertainment unit), which are likely to be determined by many factors beyond our control.

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Our solutions are one of many components incorporated into our customers' product offerings and our business may be harmed, potentially significantly, if our direct customers experience delays in the production of their product offerings, including due to performance issues with, or supply shortages of, component parts unrelated to our solutions.

        Our customers generally use our products and solutions as a component or portion of their offerings to their own customers, who in turn sell these offerings to end users. Accordingly, our success depends in large part on the ability of our customers to market and sell their offerings that incorporate our products and solutions. Our customers' product offerings are usually complex and may involve many different systems and components, and their ability to sell their products depends on many factors, including the availability of component parts, raw materials and other necessary services; the proper functioning of each of these components and the timeliness and effectiveness of their own processes. Supply delays, raw material shortages or the failure or under-performance of components unrelated to our products and solutions may impact our business even when we are able to deliver our products and services timely and defect-free. These factors may cause delays in our customers' production cycles, may cause our customers to cut back or delay their purchases of our products and solutions or may lead them to cease purchases from us entirely for periods of time while they address their production issues. Because our customer agreements typically do not specify minimum order requirements by our customers, our customers usually have no obligation to purchase our solutions if they experience supply issues unrelated to our solutions, or to make any prepayments to us. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, our revenues declined significantly in our display solutions segment as compared to the comparable period in 2018 primarily because of a reduction in sales to our two largest customers, Dell and Mutto, driven by delays in their production cycles triggered by a global shortage of Intel microprocessor chips. Based on currently available industry reports and public comments from Intel, Inc., we anticipate that the production delays impacting these customers due to this chip shortage will be resolved in 2019, however, there is no assurance that such delays will not persist, including for an extended period of time. During any period in which one or more key customers materially reduces or suspends purchasing our products or solutions we may incur stranded costs or accumulate inventories that are not readily saleable to other customers or at all and we may be unable to shift our production capacity to other projects that have equivalent or more favorable cost structures. Production issues or delays like these may occur in the future, often with little or no advance notice. As a result, any issues with respect to the manufacture or production of our customers' products could materially and adversely affect our ability to sell our solutions and may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We depend on a limited number of suppliers, some of which are sole sources, and our business could be disrupted if they are unable to meet our needs.

        We depend on a limited number of suppliers of our key materials, including bonding materials and custom equipment used to manufacture and test our products, and key design tools used in the design, testing and manufacturing of our products. We currently source all of our requirements for the silicone base materials used in our VIA bond plus from a sole supplier, Wacker Chemie AG, or Wacker. With these suppliers other than Wacker, we do not have long-term agreements and instead purchase materials and equipment through a purchase order process. As a result, these suppliers may stop supplying us materials and equipment, limit the allocation of supply and equipment to us due to increased industry demand or significantly increase their prices at any time with little or no advance notice. From time to time, our suppliers have limited supply or change their pricing terms with little or no advance notice, and our agreements with them generally do not provide remedies for such events. The impact to us of such adverse actions by our suppliers in the future could be heightened because of our reliance on sole source suppliers or a limited number of suppliers and could result in delivery problems, reduced control over product pricing and quality, including because our sole source suppliers could prioritize other customers' business over ours. These suppliers could also exert a significant

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amount of negotiating leverage over us, which may require us to accept higher prices or other obligations in order to maintain or expand our relationship. Some of our suppliers may experience financial difficulties that could prevent them from supplying us materials, or equipment used in the design and manufacture of our products. In addition, our suppliers, including our sole source suppliers, may experience manufacturing delays or shut downs due to circumstances beyond their control such as labor issues, political unrest or natural disasters. Our suppliers, including our sole source suppliers, could also determine to discontinue the manufacture of materials, components, equipment or tools that may be difficult for us to obtain from alternative sources. In addition, the suppliers of design tools that we rely on may not maintain or advance the capabilities of their tools in a manner sufficient to meet the technological requirements for us to design advanced products or provide such tools to us at reasonable prices.

        Further, the industry in which our suppliers operate is subject to a trend of consolidation. To the extent this trend continues, we may become dependent on even fewer suppliers to meet our material and equipment needs. In the event we need to establish relationships with additional suppliers, doing so may be a time-consuming process and would require significant training and education of such suppliers, and there are no assurances that we would be able to enter into necessary arrangements with these additional suppliers in time to avoid supply constraints in sole sourced components or that such suppliers would be able to immediately perform at levels required to meet our requirements and/or specifications.

We are dependent upon Wacker as the sole source of the base silicone material used in our VIA bond plus adhesive. Should Wacker become unable to supply us with sufficient quantities of these materials, we may be unable to replace these supplies with alternative materials quickly, on reasonable terms or at all.

        Wacker is the sole supplier to us of the base silicone material we use to prepare our VIA bond plus adhesive, a critical element in our optical bonding process. We are party to a Framework Cooperation Agreement with Wacker, dated April 8, 2019, that replaced an earlier agreement between Wacker and us originally signed in 2013. Wacker currently produces silicone materials in accordance with specifications we have provided, and in the context of our commercial relationship with Wacker, those specifications have been refined and developed over a period of years under the prior agreement.

        With respect to the continued supply of silicone materials, the new Framework Cooperation Agreement provides as follows: (i) Wacker is required to exclusively provide us with the base silicone material used in our VIA bond plus adhesive per the specifications set forth in such agreement so long as we satisfy a minimum delivery amount per calendar year, (ii) we are required to purchase all of our requirements of our silicone materials from Wacker, if the silicone material is suitable for the project and approved by our customer and except to the extent that Wacker is unable to meet our requirements (which Wacker is required to confirm in writing within one week of our request for material) in which event we are permitted to obtain a suitable different material, (iii) the price of such material shall be mutually negotiated each year during the fourth quarter, with the contract being terminable if the parties are not able to agree on terms and (iv) Wacker's liability is limited as it solely warrants that the silicone material will meet the specifications provided in the agreement. The Framework Cooperation Agreement has an initial term ending December 31, 2021 and thereafter automatically renews for successive one year terms unless it is earlier terminated on six months' advance notice.

        The new Framework Cooperation Agreement also establishes Wacker and us as development partners for materials in the area of optical bonding. The agreement further provides that it is not intended to affect any pre-existing intellectual property rights of the parties or to effect any cross-licensing of intellectual property.

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        We have begun to validate other suppliers to provide us with a different silicone material to use in the preparation of the bonding adhesive employed in our optical bonding process if Wacker is at any time unable to fulfill our requirements. We may be unsuccessful in obtaining alternative sources of supply if alternative suppliers are unable to deliver silicone materials of the same quality or quantity, on similar commercial terms or in as timely a manner as Wacker has delivered silicone materials in the past. We must also ensure that we do not infringe any intellectual property rights of others, including Wacker, in our sourcing from alternative suppliers. Further, Wacker could insist on price increases that will not be acceptable to us and therefore result either in the termination of the agreement, which could cause uncertainties in the sourcing of the base silicone material, or, if we have no reasonable alternative to accepting the higher prices, could cause our margins to decrease. If we are not able to secure an alternate source of supply for our bonding material, on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to fulfill customer orders could be materially and adversely impacted and we could experience a material and adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have a limited number of suppliers and our business may be harmed if they were to interrupt supply or increase prices.

        Any supply deficiencies in the industry relating to the quantities of materials, equipment or tools we use to design and manufacture our products, or a reduction in the quality of such materials, equipment or tools, could materially and adversely affect our ability to fulfill customer orders and, as a result, our results of operations. Our manufacturing operations depend upon obtaining deliveries of base equipment at reasonable prices and on a timely basis to enable our customization and utilization of such equipment in our manufacturing process. Our proprietary equipment is sophisticated and complex and it may be difficult for us to rapidly substitute one supplier for another or one piece of equipment for another. We aim to have multiple suppliers for all equipment needed in our production processes, but given that we operate in a highly technologically driven market, there may be a limited number of suppliers available for certain customized production equipment.

        In addition, lead times for the purchase of certain materials, equipment and tools from suppliers have increased and in some instances have exceeded the lead times provided to us by our customers. In some cases, these lead time increases have limited our ability to respond to or meet customer demand. We have in the past, and may in the future, experience delays or reductions in supply shipments, which could reduce our revenue and profitability. In addition, potential regulatory changes, including tariffs or other restrictions imposed by the United States or others, could in the future prohibit, or increase our costs relating to, the use of suppliers in certain regions, including China. If key components or materials are unavailable or limited in availability, our costs would increase and our revenue would decline.

        The expansion of production facilities by us or malfunction of our current equipment may put additional pressure on our supply chain. If we are unable to obtain any equipment necessary to expand our production capacity in a timely manner, we may be unable to ramp up production according to our plan or fulfill our customer orders, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are operating without contracts with some of our suppliers.

        In the ordinary course of business and consistent with industry practice, we operate without contracts with some of our suppliers, particularly in Asia. These suppliers currently include suppliers of off-the-shelf displays that we incorporate into certain product offerings. In the event that we encounter any disruptions or disagreements with these suppliers, we may face difficulty in seeking remedies and enforcing judgments in the absence of a contract governing our commercial relationship with these suppliers. In addition, some agreements with our suppliers have expired and have not been re-negotiated. Any inability to enter into new agreements with these suppliers in a timely manner could

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result in us having to agree to less favorable terms, could disrupt our supply of materials and could increase our risk of litigation in the event that these suppliers cease performing under the prior contracts during the course of our negotiations with them.

We may face volatility in the prices or availability of certain components and raw materials used in our business, which could adversely impact the competitive position of our products or may result in a decrease of margins and profits.

        We use various components, including silicones, cover lenses, backlights, display housings, and raw materials, such as copper, in our products. The costs of components and raw materials depend to a large extent on the world market prices, which may be subject to significant fluctuations beyond our control.

        If the prices for raw materials and purchased components were to rise, our manufacturing costs could increase. If our manufacturing costs increase, we could be forced to cover our need for these raw materials and purchased components with higher prices of our products, which could result in lower sales, or if we are not able to increase prices due to fixed price contracts, competitive pressure or otherwise, to lower margins and profitability. We do not hedge raw material prices. Furthermore, to the extent that we rely on components that are pre-assembled or manufactured for others, a shortage in such components would require us to find alternative manufacturers of these components or to manufacture these components ourselves, which may be time consuming, costly or not possible.

        Shortages of necessary raw materials or component parts may also cause a sharp rise in their prices. In the event of any disruption or delay in supply, it may be difficult to locate alternative sources of components from one or several suppliers and doing so may require a significant amount of time and resources. A delay in the delivery of necessary raw materials or component parts could result in delays in projects or delivery of products, which could ultimately delay deliveries of our products to our customers. If we were permanently to lose a supplier of or access to important raw materials or component parts, we also might be forced to alter the design of certain of our products in order to use raw materials or component parts from other suppliers. In extreme cases, this could mean that we would be at least temporarily unable to produce, supply or service certain of our products. Such inability could impair our relationship with our customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

        We utilize floating and fixed pricing arrangements with our customers. Unless specifically agreed with customers, if a contract with a customer provides for fixed prices, it is generally difficult for us to pass on increased prices for raw materials and purchased components. Sustained increases in prices for raw materials and purchased components that cannot be passed onto our customers would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face payment risk from our customers.

        We are subject to a number of trade risks including long accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable in certain countries. For example, our accounts receivable are generally subject to 60 to 90 day payment cycles. We may be unable to successfully manage all of these risks, many of which are outside our control, which could lead to payment default by a customer. We have in the past had a complete payment default by one of our customers relating to a receivable valued at approximately €100,000. We are still in discussions with this customer regarding the resolution of this matter, but there is no guarantee that we will be able to collect the amounts owed to us. There can be no assurance that similar payment defaults or defaults involving larger receivables will not happen again in the future.

        We currently have no insurance coverage for such payment defaults. Delays in the implementation of, or in payments related to, significant orders and projects may also have a negative effect on the

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timing of our revenue, which may adversely impact our operating results and our ability to make capital expenditures or investment in research and development. Any interruption in the realization of our revenues could require us to engage in short term borrowings under our existing working capital financing facilities, or require us to seek additional sources of financing, in order to meet our working capital requirements, which would result in increased borrowing costs. These would impact our profitability, assuming we are able to source such borrowings; if we are unable to finance our capital expenditures or research and development activities in full or in part, it could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may misallocate our research and development resources or have insufficient resources to conduct the necessary level of research and development to remain competitive.

        As display technology becomes more advanced, we expect our research and development costs to grow, including as a percentage of our revenues, and we may be unable to keep increases in these costs from adversely affecting our profitability. We may also devote research and development resources to technologies or products that turn out to be unsuccessful. Commitments to developing any new product must be made well in advance of sales, and customer demands and technology may change while we are in development, rendering our products outdated or uncompetitive before their introduction. We must therefore anticipate both future demand and the technology features that will be required to supply such demand. If we suffer from reduced revenues or cash flows or incur losses as a result of a market downturn or otherwise, we may not be able to devote sufficient resources to the research and development needed to remain competitive in a timely manner or at all. Our failure to properly allocate research and development resources could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If there is a decline in the average selling prices of display or touch sensor solutions we sell, or if prices decrease faster than we are able to reduce our costs, our margins may be adversely affected.

        The average selling prices of our display solutions, including optical bonding and metal mesh technology, may decline as a result of, among other factors, technological advancements leading to cost reductions and increased competition. In general, the prices of new products in our target markets generally decline over time. Although we seek to focus our efforts on technologically advanced solutions that we believe to be less susceptible to these downward pressures on selling prices, we may not succeed in prioritizing these higher margin products in our product mix, or prices of these products may also fluctuate or decline, albeit at a slower rate. The average selling price for the display solutions we produce may decrease faster than we anticipate and are able to reduce our manufacturing costs. We may also be unable to keep pace with technological advancements in our end-marks, enabling our competitors to produce more competitive technologies for which our customers are willing to pay higher prices. The potential loss of customers, competitive lead, and market share would adversely affect our gross margins would decrease and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Products that contain, or are perceived to contain, defects or errors or that are otherwise incompatible with their intended end use may not be readily marketable or could impose significant costs on us.

        The design and production processes for our display solutions are highly complex. It is possible that we may produce products that contain or are perceived to contain defects or errors, or are otherwise incompatible with their intended uses. We may incur substantial costs in remedying such defects or errors, which could include material inventory write-downs. Moreover, if actual or perceived problems with nonconforming, defective or incompatible products occur after we have shipped the products, we might not only bear direct liability for providing replacements or otherwise compensating

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customers but could also suffer from long-term damage to our relationship with important customers or to our reputation in the industry generally.

Our product offerings are complex and may contain undetected defects, which could lead to product reworks or recalls and harm our reputation and future sales.

        Our enhanced display head assemblies and subassemblies involve the production and combination of several highly technical components, many of which involve fragile materials. Our metal mesh touch sensors are customized to meet customer specifications and involve a multi-stage process to generate a metal mesh film, imprint the touch sensor panel and blacken the conductive copper material. A defect or error could occur in any step of our production process, including defects that would not be readily apparent upon completion of production. Any failure to provide high quality and reliable products, whether caused by our own failure or failures of our suppliers or Original Equipment Manufacturer, or OEM, customers, could damage our reputation and reduce demand for our products and services. Our products have in the past contained, and may in the future contain, defects, some of which may go undetected for some time. For example, certain displays made for one of our customer experienced peeling issues in the past. Some deficiencies in our products may only be discovered after a customer's product incorporating our solution has been delivered to end users or may only be detected in use under certain operating conditions. Given the technical sophistication of most of our products, we may encounter problems or delays with our products, despite the technical validation processes and testing we implement. Any defects discovered in our products after delivery could result in reworking of returned products or product recalls, including recalls of our customers' products to the extent a defect is only discovered after commercial release of our customers' products. Any defects, reworks or product recalls could result in loss of revenue, loss of customers, and increased service and warranty costs, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have substantial sales and operations in China, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business there.

        Our business operations in China and our sales to Chinese customers are critical to our success. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 442 employees at our production facility in Suzhou. Moreover, in 2018, approximately 51% of our revenues were derived from China. As a result, downturns in the Chinese economy could materially adversely affect our results of operations. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of other developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate and control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The Chinese economy to some extent has been in a long-term transition from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. Despite some reforms of this nature, the government continues to exercise significant control over China's economy by way of the allocation of resources, control over foreign currency-denominated obligations and monetary policy and provision of preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. We cannot predict the future economic policies of the Chinese government or their effect on the regional or global economy, or on us or our business and industry, and we cannot predict other governments' economic policies toward China. For example, the United States or China may impose tariffs or other restrictions on items imported or exported between the United States and China. There are uncertainties (and resulting capital market turbulence) regarding the likelihood and timing of policy changes (including the imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods) by the Trump Administration in the United States and the subsequent impact on the world economy. These or other events may lead to a significant reduction in demand for our products. Our ability to operate in China may be materially adversely affected by changes in Chinese laws and regulations such as those related to, among other things, taxation, import and export tariffs and related guarantee, bonding and/or deposit obligations, environmental regulations, land use rights, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, employee benefits and overtime policies and other matters. Our operations in China are subject to numerous laws, regulations, rules and specifications

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relating to human health and safety and the environment. Applicable laws, rules and regulations often lack clarity and it is difficult to predict how any of these laws, rules and regulations will be enforced. If we or our employees or agents violate, or are alleged to have violated, any of these laws, rules and regulations, we or our employees could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, damages or fines, or our employees or agents could be detained, imprisoned or prevented from entering China, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

We may be subject to product liability suits and losses in sales, which could adversely affect our business.

        Products or systems we develop or inputs third parties produce for inclusion in our product offerings may have quality defects or fail to meet specifications and requirements. If such a defect were to arise, it could result in a product recall or a product liability claim against us and we have been subject to immaterial product liability claims from time to time. Any such recalls or product liability claims could be costly, could harm our reputation, could lead to customer losses or affect our ability to sell our products and could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition or cause our products to be less attractive to customers than those of our competitors.

We face risks relating to our contractual and statutory warranties.

        We grant comprehensive contractual warranties to our customers on the products we develop and sell, which typically last for 12 months and in some cases up to 36 months and in some rare cases longer. This includes, to some extent, guarantees on the performance of our products and services for contractually determined periods of time. In addition, statutory warranties also apply to our products. In the future we could be subject to substantial claims under warranties, especially in the case of an unexpectedly large volume of product failures.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We may not be able to protect our trade secrets and other confidential information.

        While some of our technology is covered by process patents that we own or have applied for, or is licensed under patents belonging to others, such as Toppan with respect to our metal mesh touch sensor technology, much of our key technology is not protected by patents. We have devoted substantial resources to the development of our technology, trade secrets, know-how and other unregistered intellectual property rights. In order to protect our trade secrets, know-how and proprietary information, we rely in significant part on confidentiality arrangements and invention assignment agreements with our employees, licensees, independent contractors, advisers, resellers and customers. We have not have entered into confidentiality arrangements or invention assignment agreements with all of our past and present employees, licensees, independent contractors, advisers, resellers and customers. This exposes us to the risk that these persons could claim that we use or infringe on their intellectual property rights. Even when we have entered into such an agreement, these arrangements may be difficult and costly to enforce and may not be effective to prevent willful or unintentional disclosure of confidential information, including trade secrets or may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Also, effective trade secret and know-how protection may not be or, due to changes in trade secret or employment law, may no longer be available in every country in which our services are available or where we have employees or independent contractors. In addition, if others independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information we would not be able to assert trade secret rights against such parties.

        Because we cannot legally prevent one or more other companies from developing similar or identical technology to our unpatented technology, it is likely that, over time, one or more other companies will be able to replicate our technology, thereby reducing the technological advantages we

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believe we possess today. Our customers, including certain licensees who are also our competitors, could misappropriate our intellectual property. If we do not adequately protect our technology or are legally unable to do so, or are unable to develop new technology that can be protected by patents or as trade secrets, we may face increased competition from other companies using technology similar to ours, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

If we are unable to obtain patent protection for or otherwise protect our intellectual property rights, our business could suffer.

        We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets and confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements with our employees, customers and others to protect the intellectual property that is important to our competitive position. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patent protection for or maintain as trade secrets our proprietary products, technologies and inventions and to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and know-how, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others and prevent others from infringing upon our business proprietary rights.

        Any of our existing or future patents or other intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or may otherwise fail to provide us with meaningful protection or any competitive advantage. In addition, our pending patent applications may not be granted, and we may not be able to obtain foreign patents or may choose not to file applications for patents corresponding to our U.S. and EU patents in other jurisdictions. The laws of certain countries outside the United States and European Union may not provide the same level of patent protection as in the United States and the European Union, so even if we assert our patents or obtain additional patents in countries outside of the United States and the European Union, effective enforcement of such patents may not be available.

        For example, the legal regime of intellectual property protection in China is still evolving. The level of protection available for intellectual property in China differs in significant respects from that of other jurisdictions and may be viewed as insufficient under certain circumstances due to local judicial protectionism, challenges in obtaining evidence and comparatively small damage awards. It is often difficult to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Protection of intellectual property in China can be costly, and we may be unable to promptly become aware of and police any unauthorized use of our intellectual property in China. If the measures we take to protect our intellectual property under Chinese law are inadequate, we may incur losses arising from infringement of our intellectual property by parties providing services or selling products that employ our technology or are based on it and that are competitive with our services or products. In 2016, we filed a patent dispute claim against a competitor in Chinese court, alleging infringement by the competitor and disputing ownership of four patents relating to our optical bonding process, and we ultimately withdrew the case after determining we had a low likelihood of success. We may face similar scenarios in the future.

        Furthermore, patents are jurisdictional in nature and therefore only protect us in certain markets, rather than globally. In addition, patents and some other intellectual property rights are only granted for a limited period of time and our ability to compete may suffer from the expiration of some of these rights.

        In addition, competitors may infringe, misappropriate or otherwise misuse our intellectual property. Costly and time consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce our intellectual property against such third-party infringement, and such litigation may be unsuccessful in whole or in part. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such actions, which typically last years

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before a legal judgment or settlement is obtained. If we are not adequately protected, our competitive position and results of operations could be harmed.

We may be subject to claims that our intellectual property infringes the rights of others. These claims may be expensive and time-consuming to defend, and we may be prevented from manufacturing, licensing or selling products or marketing services that are determined to infringe upon the rights of others.

        While we strive to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, we may fail to avoid infringement claims being made against us. Our products and technology, including the technology that we obtain from third parties, may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time until they are published, and the publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature typically lags actual discoveries by several months or more. As a result, the nature of claims contained in unpublished patent filings around the world is unknown to us, and we cannot be certain that we were the first to conceive inventions covered by our patents or patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications covering such inventions. Furthermore, it is not possible to know in which countries patent holders may choose to extend their filings under the Patent Cooperation Treaty or other mechanisms. In addition, patent infringements may also result from our use of processes and products, and our other activities in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims from individuals, vendors and other companies, including those that are in the business of asserting patents, but are not commercializing products in our or adjacent business fields.

        Any claims that our products or processes infringe the intellectual property rights of others, regardless of the merit or of the final resolution of such claims, could cause us to incur potentially significant costs in responding to, defending and resolving such claims. In connection with the enforcement of our intellectual property rights, opposing third parties from obtaining patent rights or disputes related to the validity or alleged infringement of our or third-party intellectual property rights, including patent rights, we have been and may in the future be subject or party to claims, negotiations or complex, protracted litigation. We may be prevented from using technology that a contracting party may claim was developed jointly with it. We may be required to enter into license agreements, to resolve these claims, obligating us to pay royalty fees, which may be material, to make use of third parties' intellectual property, to develop non-infringing substitute technology (which may be time consuming, costly or ultimately unsuccessful) or to enter into costly settlement agreements on terms that are unfavorable to us, for example by preventing us from manufacturing or licensing certain of our products or technologies with respect to which we currently believe we have unfettered rights. We may also find ourselves required to indemnify our sales agents, our customers or the end users of our products or services against infringement claims made against them based on our products or services. We may also be subjected to injunctions restricting our sale of allegedly infringing products and our use of allegedly infringing technology. This could cause severe disruptions to our operations or the markets in which we compete. Furthermore, an adverse decision in any legal action involving intellectual property rights or an unfavorable settlement agreement could limit the scope of our intellectual property rights and the value of the related technology.

        Therefore, any infringement by us or our licensors of the intellectual property rights of third parties may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to claims that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets and know-how of their former employers.

        Certain of our past and present employees, consultants and independent contractors were previously employed at other display solutions companies, including our competitors or potential

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competitors. Some of these employees, consultants and independent contractors may have executed invention assignment agreements and/or non-disclosure and non-competition agreements in connection with their previous employment. Even in the absence of such agreements, such employees, consultants and independent contractors may be prohibited from sharing proprietary information or know-how of their former employers. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and independent contractors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these persons have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of their former employers, which may lead to disputes regarding ownership of intellectual property created by such employees, consultants or independent contractors. We are not currently aware of any threatened or pending claims related to these matters, but in the future litigation may be necessary to defend against such claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable personnel or intellectual property rights. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management. As we expand our operations into the United States and elsewhere, we may face similar claims with regard to our future employees in these countries.

Certain of our employees and patents are subject to German legal provisions on employee inventors.

        Many of our employees work in Germany and are subject to German employment law. Ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions made by such employees and consultants in connection with their work are subject to the provisions of the German Act on Employees' Inventions, which regulates the ownership of, and compensation for inventions made by employees. Under this Act, an employer may generally demand rights to an invention made by an employee and is deemed to have done so if the employer does not "release" the invention within four months after the employee gives notice of the invention. The employer must pay appropriate consideration, generally in the form of a single payment or royalties on the future revenue derived from such invention, and this might have to be revised, if the circumstances on which the calculation of the consideration was based change so significantly that the previous agreement becomes unacceptable for one side. We face the risk that disputes can occur between our current or former employees pertaining to alleged violations of the Act on Employees' Inventions. Any such actions may be costly to defend and may take up our management's time and efforts whether or not we ultimately prevail in the dispute. If we are required to pay additional compensation or face other disputes under the Act on Employees' Inventions, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Obtaining and maintaining our intellectual property protection depends on compliance with various procedural, documentary, payment and other requirements imposed by governmental agencies, and our patent and other intellectual property protections could be reduced or eliminated if we fail to comply with these requirements.

        Periodic maintenance fees on any issued patent, trademark and design and utility model are due to be paid to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and other intellectual property agencies in countries in which we currently hold patents (such as Japan, Taiwan, China and Germany), in several stages over the lifetime of these rights. The USPTO and various other governmental agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the application process. While an inadvertent lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which non-compliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we or our exclusive licensors fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our products and processes, our competitive position would be adversely affected.

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Risks Related to Our Operations

We may not be able to manufacture our products in the requested time frame or in volumes sufficient to meet customer demands, which could result in delayed or lost revenue and harm to our reputation.

        Given the high level of sophisticated functionality embedded in our products, our manufacturing processes are complex. We may need significant time and resources to set up manufacturing lines and tailor their processes to meet specific customers' product requirements. Therefore, it may take us longer than anticipated or cost us more than we had budgeted to set up our production lines.

        The complexity of our manufacturing processes may also make it difficult for us to ramp up our production volumes to the levels required to fulfill our customers' orders on time or cause us to be unable to fulfill their orders at all. These difficulties may result in lower manufacturing yields and may make it more difficult for us to scale to higher production volumes in respect of certain products or overall. If we are unable to manufacture our products in the requested time frame or in volumes sufficient to meet demand, our customers could postpone or cancel orders, or seek alternative suppliers for these products. They could also seek to replace the products they had ordered from us with products that are easier to manufacture and that accordingly produce less revenue. Any of these events would harm our reputation and ability to win additional business, adversely affecting our results of operations, including our ability to generate revenues from new customers.

        If we are successful in winning additional contracts and increasing our order levels, we may need to add additional facilities in the future to meet customer demand. If we are not able to build or acquire and open such facilities in a timely and cost-effective manner, we may not be able to produce our products in volumes or at the times required. Furthermore, even if we are able to open new production facilities, if the operations at those facilities or at our existing facilities are materially disrupted, whether by natural disasters, demonstrations, acts of terror, or otherwise, we would be unable to fulfill customer orders for the period of the disruption, we would not be able to recognize revenues on orders, we could suffer damage to our reputation, we could also suffer lost orders or cancellations, and we might need to modify our standard sales terms to secure the commitment of new customers during the period of the disruption and perhaps longer. Depending on the cause of the disruption, we could incur significant costs to remedy the disruption and resume product shipments. Such a disruption could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may not be able to manage the expansion of our operations effectively in order to achieve projected levels of growth.

        We have expanded our operations significantly in recent years, including relocating our headquarters and one of our manufacturing facilities to Nuremberg, Germany. Our current business plan calls for further expansion and operating improvements over the next several years, including the expansion of our capacity to produce large display sizes and improvement in automation in our German facilities, expansion of our clean room capacity and improvement in automation in our Chinese facilities, and further automation of production at our Japanese facilities. If we do not make these expansions, we may be unable to grow our business as quickly as we aim to and may be unable to get design wins for certain customer projects, such as the manufacturing of large displays in capacities that exceed what we are currently capable of producing. If we are unable to improve and increase automation of production, we may be unable to improve the scaling of our margin. We anticipate that further development of our infrastructure and an increase in the number of our employees will be required to achieve the planned broadening of our product offerings and client base and our ongoing international growth. Failing to adequately upgrade our production infrastructure, including increasing automation of our manufacturing process, or to maximize our production capacity, could have a negative impact on our ability to satisfy our customers' orders and could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, we must increase our engineering, marketing and services staff in multiple

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geographies in order to support new development, marketing and service activities to meet the needs of both new and existing customers. Our ability to successfully increase our development, marketing, organizational capabilities and service efforts is not guaranteed, and if we are not able to successfully increase such efforts, our ability to grow our business as intended may be hindered, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We may be unable to recoup our investments if we bring new production facilities online in times of overcapacity.

        It is difficult to predict future supply and demand in the market for our display solutions. It takes up to two years to plan, finance, construct and equip a new facility. Therefore, we must make any decision to build a new facility, or to re-equip or re-organize an existing facility, with a forecast of what the supply and demand ratio is likely to be when the facility comes online. We must also consider that the supply and demand ratio may be subject to change due to changes in market conditions. In addition, our investments in new facilities may not generate a return due to there being no addressable market, or the former addressable market shifting between the time planning on the facility commences and the time the facility comes online. The capital expenditures required to construct and equip a new facility would be significant, partially as a result of our need to ensure that any new facility complies with environmental, health and safety and other regulatory requirements. For more information, see "Business—Government Regulation."

        If prices decline during the time when we are ramping up production at new facilities, or if we fail to receive the necessary amount of customer orders, this could force us to decide to suspend manufacturing at these facilities. This would also prevent us from recouping our investments as planned or at all, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our workforce in order to support our projected levels of growth.

        Because our products are often designed in close collaboration with our customers, our manufacturing and production teams, along with our sales and research and development personnel, are often actively involved in multiple stages of our customers' product design, development and production processes. As our business continues to grow, we intend to expand our operations within these groups over the next several years, including expansion of large size capacity and improvement in automation in our facilities in Germany, expansion of clean room capacity and improvement in automation in our facilities in China and further automation of production at our facilities in Japan. To support these upgrades and enhancements, we intend to increase our engineering, marketing and services staff in multiple geographies in order to support new development, marketing and service activities to meet the needs of both new and existing customers. We may not be able to successfully manage this expansion. We may not be able to hire, retain, or accurately predict the size, skills or experience of the workforce needed to increase and support such efforts. If we fail to successfully increase our development, marketing, organizational capabilities and service efforts, we may not be able to grow our business as intended, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our operations could suffer if we are unable to attract and retain key management or other key scientific or other personnel.

        Our success depends on the continued service and performance of our senior management and other key personnel, including personnel provided by Toppan in connection with our subsidiary VTS. Our senior management team is critical to the global management of our business and operations, as well as to the development of our strategy. The loss of any members of our senior management team could delay or prevent the successful implementation of our growth strategy or could otherwise

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adversely affect our ability to manage our company effectively and carry out our business plan. Members of our senior management team may resign at any time, even though they have service agreements with us. High demand exists for experienced senior management and other key personnel in our industry, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain such senior management or key personnel. We do not carry key-man insurance on any member of our senior management team.

        Our growth and success will also depend on our ability to attract and retain additional highly-qualified scientific, technical, sales and managerial personnel as well as accounting and finance personnel with appropriate public company experience. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience intense competition for qualified personnel. While we intend to continue to provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain key personnel, some of our competitors for these employees have greater resources and more experience than us, making it difficult for us to compete successfully for key personnel. If we cannot attract and retain sufficiently qualified technical personnel, we may be unable to develop and commercialize new products or new applications for existing products. Furthermore, possible shortages of key personnel, including engineers, in the regions surrounding our facilities could require us to pay more to hire and retain key personnel, thereby increasing our costs and affecting our profitability.

Our management team has limited public company experience.

        We have never operated as a public company. Our entire management team, as well as other company personnel, will need to devote substantial time to compliance, and may not effectively or efficiently manage our transition into a public company. We will need to develop the expertise necessary to comply with the numerous regulatory and other requirements applicable to publicly listed companies, including requirements relating to corporate governance, listing standards, notification requirements and securities and investor relations issues, which will divert management attention and may prove costly. As a public company, we will need to add new functions, such as investor relations, and will need to devote attention to compliance and to the controls required of public companies and related training of personnel. We will incur additional costs and expenses in connection with those functions. For instance, we may need to hire additional employees to satisfy those functions or may need to rely on consultants for certain purposes. If we utilize the assistance of consultants to aid with compliance as we transition to being a public company, we may incur increased consultancy fees. If we are unable to effectively comply with the regulations applicable to public companies or if we are unable to produce accurate and timely financial statements, which may result in material misstatements in our financial statements or possible restatement of financial results, our stock price may be materially adversely affected, and we may be unable to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of The New York Stock Exchange. Any such failures could also result in litigation or regulatory actions by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, loss of investor confidence, delisting of our securities, harm to our reputation and diversion of financial and management resources from the operation of our business, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. If we fail to remediate our material weakness, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or to prevent fraud.

        Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls, and complying with the other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules promulgated by the SEC thereunder. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with international financial reporting standards. A

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material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected by the company's internal controls on a timely basis.

        Prior to this offering, we have been operating as a private company that was not required to comply with the obligations of a public company with respect to internal controls over financial reporting. We have historically operated with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls over financial reporting.

        In connection with the audit of our 2018 and 2017 financial statements in preparation for this offering, our auditors identified a material weakness, primarily related to the lack of sufficient accounting and supervisory personnel who have the appropriate level of technical accounting experience and training, lack of supervision over external consultants, and a lack of consistent application of accounting processes and procedures by our accounting personnel. These deficiencies constitute a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting in both design and operation. As a result of the material weakness, management failed to identify audit adjustments in various areas, including but not limited to revenue, income taxes, inventory, accruals and business combination accounting. As part of our effort to address this weakness, we have relied on the assistance of outside advisors with expertise in these matters to assist us in the preparation of our financial statements and in our compliance with SEC reporting obligations related to this offering and expect to continue to do so while we remediate this material weakness.

        We have commenced a plan to remediate this material weakness; however, our overall control environment is still immature and may expose us to errors, losses or fraud. Our remediation plan includes the hiring of additional staff that have begun to address this weakness. Additionally, we intend to document and implement consistent accounting policies and procedures and provide additional training to our accounting and finance staff. We currently expect that we will have completed our plan to remediate this weakness within the next twelve months, assuming that we do not identify any additional deficiencies and that implementation of our plan progresses in accordance with present expectations. However, we cannot at this time, provide an estimate of the costs we expect to incur in connection with implementing our plan to remediate this material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming, costly, and might place significant demands on our financial and operational resources. If we are unable to successfully remediate this material weakness or successfully rely on outside advisors with expertise in these matters to assist us in the preparation of our financial statements, our financial statements could contain material misstatements that, when discovered in the future, could cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations and cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

As a consequence of becoming a public company, we will be subject to additional regulatory compliance, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure to comply could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

        As a public company and for as long as we are an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Beginning with our Form 20-F for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, we will be required to comply with the SEC's rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require our senior officers to certify financial and other information in our annual reports and attest to the effectiveness of control over financial reporting.

        Furthermore, once we cease to be an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will only be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over

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financial reporting depending on our market capitalization. As a result, for so long as we are entitled to avail ourselves of such relief or exemptions we will not obtain an independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls which could detect problems that our management's assessment might not and our management cannot guarantee that our internal controls and disclosure controls will prevent all possible errors or all instances of fraud.

        If we are not able to establish and maintain an effective system of internal controls and otherwise implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue an adverse opinion due to ineffective internal controls over financial reporting and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC. As a result of misstatements or restatements in our financial statements or an adverse assessment by management or auditors about the effectiveness of our internal controls, there could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, we may be required to incur costs to improve our internal controls system and to hire additional qualified personnel. Any such action could negatively affect our business and reputation.

        To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in documenting and evaluating our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Hence, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404, which could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. As a result, the market price of the ADSs could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which the ADSs are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources, and have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately report our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us.

        Prior to this offering we were not required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting that complied with the obligations of a public company and there is no guarantee that we will be able to implement adequate procedures in a timely manner, or at all. Consequently, we may be unable to detect and react to risks arising in the course of our business. In addition, any failure to establish or maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and in a timely manner or to detect and prevent fraud.

        An inability to adapt our internal controls as well as our reporting and risk management procedures to the requirements of a public company could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

        We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices. As a public company, and particularly if we were to lose our status as an emerging growth company in the future, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of The New York Stock Exchange and other

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applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance.

        We are evaluating these rules and regulations, and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

We may undertake mergers, acquisitions or investments to diversify or expand our business, which may pose risks to our business and dilute the ownership of our existing shareholders, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of these mergers, acquisitions or investments.

        As part of our growth and product diversification strategy, we intend to continue to evaluate opportunities to acquire or invest in other businesses or existing businesses, intellectual property or technologies. We also intend to expand the breadth of markets we can address or enhance our technical capabilities by adding capabilities or technology that we do not have in-house, including by expanding our in-house software capabilities. We aim to become an integrated display system provider in all of our markets by combining system design, interactive displays, other hardware components and software functionality to create fully integrated display systems. We may seek to complement our organic growth by acquiring new technologies or personnel, including by acquiring other companies or assets adding value to our service offerings, particularly by enhancing our hardware and software competencies relating to sensor technologies which may in the future include voice and facial recognition and other sensor technologies such as gesture, proximity and hovering.

        Mergers, acquisitions or investments that we have entered into and may enter into in the future entail a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, operating and financial results, including, among others:

    problems integrating the acquired operations, technologies or products into our existing business and products;

    diversion of management's time and attention from our core business;

    conflicts with joint venture partners;

    adverse effect on our existing business relationships with direct or indirect customers;

    need for financial resources above our planned investment levels;

    failures in realizing anticipated synergies;

    difficulties in retaining business relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired company;

    risks associated with entering markets in which we lack experience, including entering markets that ultimately prove to be unprofitable or incompatible with our technology;

    potential tax risks associated with acquiring companies or assets;

    potential loss of key employees of the acquired company; and

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    potential write-offs of acquired assets.

        Any acquisition that we do make would pose risks related to the integration of the acquired business or technology with our business. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve the benefits we expect from any particular acquisition or investment. Our failure to address these risks successfully may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any such acquisition or investment will likely require a significant amount of capital investment, which would decrease the amount of cash available for working capital or capital expenditures. In addition, if we use our equity securities to pay for acquisitions, the value of your ADSs and the underlying ordinary shares may be diluted. If we borrow funds to finance acquisitions, such debt instruments may contain restrictive covenants that can, among other things, restrict us from distributing dividends.

We may need to raise additional capital from time to time to meet our growth goals and may be unable to do so on attractive terms, or at all.

        We intend to continue to make investments to support the growth of our business and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to complement our growth strategy, increase market share in our current markets or expand into other markets, or broaden our technology, intellectual property or service capabilities. Accordingly, we may require additional investments of capital from time to time, and our existing sources of cash and any funds generated from operations may not provide us with sufficient capital. For various reasons, including any non-compliance with existing or future lending arrangements, additional financing may not be available when needed, or may not be available on terms favorable to us. If we fail to obtain adequate capital on a timely basis or if capital cannot be obtained on terms satisfactory to us or in an amount or manner permitted by any restrictive covenants contained in lending or other arrangements in place as of such time, we may not be able to achieve our planned rate of growth, which will adversely affect our results of operations.

The manufacture, supply and shipment of our products and related product costs are dependent upon effective logistics management of our global supply chain and any failure to manage these logistics could increase our costs, negatively impact our relationships with our customers and have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

        The manufacture, supply and shipment of our product offerings involve multiple parties within a global supply chain, including raw material providers and component and module manufacturers who provide inputs such as cover lenses, display housing, backlights and related components. Managing the costs of logistics related to our supply chain is critical to our ability to sell our products at competitive prices. For example, fluctuations in the cost or time required to route bonding materials and touch sensors among our production facilities in Germany, China and Japan could have a material impact on the end costs of our products. We may be unable to manage the logistics of our global supply chain effectively, which may hinder us from meeting customer demands or could cause our logistics costs to increase. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

We utilize distributors to market certain of our products and solutions, and they may not be successful in doing so.

        We maintain strategic relationships with distributors to market certain of our products and solutions and support certain functionality. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our strategic relationships with these distributors or if our distributors are unable to successfully market our products, our ability to compete in the marketplace, to reach new customers and geographies or to grow our revenue could be impaired and our operating results could suffer. Although we believe we could develop relationships with new or replacement distributors if necessary, we may be unable to

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sufficiently educate those distributors on our product portfolio or may be unable to sufficiently incentivize their sales and distribution efforts on our behalf.

We rely on our information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business and customer and supplier relationships, and a disruption of these systems could adversely affect our results of operations.

        We rely on our information technology, or IT, systems to manage numerous aspects of our business and provide analytical information to management. Our IT systems allow us to efficiently manage development projects, purchase products from our suppliers, provide procurement and logistic services, ship products to our customers on a timely basis, maintain cost-effective operations, provide historical and projected financial reports, comply with fiscal and regulatory requirements, and provide services to our customers. Our IT systems are an essential component of our business and growth strategies, and a disruption to our IT systems could significantly limit our ability to manage and operate our business efficiently. Although we take steps to secure our IT systems, including our computer systems, intranet and internet sites, email and other telecommunications and data networks, the security measures we have implemented may not be effective and our systems may be vulnerable to, among other things, damage and interruption from power loss, including as a result of natural disasters, computer system and network failures, loss of telecommunication services, operator negligence, loss of data, security breaches, computer viruses and other disruptive events. Any such disruption could adversely affect our reputation, brand and financial condition.

Some of our employees are employed subject to local laws that are less favorable to employers than the laws of the United States.

        A large portion of our employees are employed in countries in which employment laws provide greater bargaining or other rights to employees than the laws of the United States. Such favorable employment rights require us to expend greater time and expense in making changes to employees' terms of employment or making staff reductions, and to work collaboratively with the legal representatives of the employees to effect any changes to labor arrangements.

        As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 663 employees, including 115 employees from Toppan providing services to VTS pursuant to secondment agreements. None of our employees are currently unionized or have established a works council as employees' representative body. However, we cannot rule out that our employees become members of unions or decide to establish works councils in the future in which cases we would be subject to information, consultation and cooperation obligations towards such works councils or unions as determined by the relevant applicable laws. For example, if a works council would be established in Germany, any proposed changes in the collective working conditions, staff changes and restructuring efforts would be subject to consultation with, and eventual approval by the works council.

        The limits of the local laws to which we are subject, including whether our employees decide to become members of unions or establish a works council, may limit management's flexibility in making changes to elements of our business that concern our workforce. Further, any significant dispute with our employees could result in a significant disruption of our operations or higher ongoing labor costs.

Labor disruptions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        Although we believe that we have a good working relationship with our employees, a strike, work stoppage, slowdown or significant dispute with our employees could result in a significant disruption of our operations or higher ongoing labor costs. While we have not experienced any material work stoppages at any of our facilities, any stoppage or slowdown could cause material interruptions in manufacturing, and we cannot assure you that alternate qualified capacity would be available on a

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timely basis, or at all. As a result, labor disruptions at any of our facilities could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Workplace accidents could result in substantial remedial obligations and damage our reputation.

        We have had and may in the future experience, workplace accidents or incidents. Accidents or other incidents that occur at our facilities or involve our personnel or operations, could result in claims for damages or governmental remedial action against us. The amount of any costs, including fines or damages payments that we might incur under such circumstances could substantially exceed any insurance we have to cover such losses. Any of these events, alone or in combination, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect our reputation.

Natural disasters and other unforeseeable events could result in delays in or cancellations of shipments of products and lead to a loss of production facilities and thereby negatively affect our business activities.

        We have production sites and other operations in locations subject to natural occurrences such as severe weather and geological events that could disrupt operations. A natural disaster that results in a prolonged disruption to our operations may adversely affect our results and financial condition including preventing us from fulfilling orders and the loss of customer qualification of certain production facilities may cause us to suffer damage to our reputation.

We may become involved in litigation and regulatory proceedings, including relating to intellectual property infringement, which could require significant attention from our management and result in significant expense to us and disruptions in our business.

        We have been and may become involved in lawsuits and/or regulatory actions relating to our business, such as commercial contract claims, employment claims or other examinations and investigations. Some of these proceedings may claim significant damages or cause reputational harm. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and regulatory proceedings, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any proceeding. An unfavorable outcome could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations or limit our ability to engage in certain of our business activities. In addition, regardless of the outcome of any litigation or regulatory proceeding, any proceedings are often expensive, time-consuming, disruptive to normal business operations and require significant attention from our management.

We may be at risk for non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including the risk of extortion and violation of anticorruption laws.

        Operating a global business, including in certain countries where corruption is considered to be widespread, requires us to comply with the laws and regulations of various jurisdictions. In particular, our operations are subject to anticorruption laws and regulations, which include the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act of 2010, and anti-bribery laws and regulations in other countries, including those having implemented the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. Anticorruption laws prohibit corporations and individuals from paying, offering to pay, or authorizing the payment of anything of value to another person, including but not limited to a government official, government staff member, political party, or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business or to otherwise improperly influence a person; the laws are broad and many apply to private as well as public bribery and also penalize the receipt as well as the giving of bribes. In the course of establishing and expanding our commercial operations and seeking regulatory approvals in the EU, the United States, and internationally, we will need to establish and expand business relationships with various third parties and will interact more frequently with various officials, including regulatory authorities who may be deemed to be "foreign officials" under the FCPA or similar laws, or

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who may otherwise be candidates for illicit payments in exchange for improper benefits. We are subject to the risk that our employees and others over whom we have less control, such as Toppan employees who are seconded to VTS, distributors and other agents, may fail to comply with such laws and regulations. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees, distributors and distributors and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent prohibited activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations.

        Our operations may also be subject to applicable laws and regulations on economic sanctions and export controls, including those administered by the United States and the EU, which are complex and may be violated inadvertently.

        If we violate any of the anti-bribery, economic sanctions, export control and abuse laws, we could be subject to fines, confiscation of profits or legal sanctions, such as termination of authorizations, licenses, concessions and financing agreements, suspension of our operations or prohibitions on contracting with public authorities. Any such violation could have a material adverse effect on financial condition, business, prospects and results of operations. In addition, any alleged violations of these laws could damage our reputation and ability to do business.

We may not have adequate insurance for potential liabilities, including liabilities arising from product warranty claims and litigation.

        In the ordinary course of business, we have been, and in the future may be, subject to various product and non-product related claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies arising out of our commercial operations, including litigation related to defects in our products. We maintain insurance to cover potential exposures; however, our insurance coverage is subject to various exclusions, self-retentions and deductibles, may be inadequate or unavailable to protect us fully, and may be cancelled or otherwise terminated by the insurer. Furthermore, we face the following additional risks under our insurance coverage:

    we may not be able to continue to obtain insurance coverage on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;

    we may be faced with types of liabilities that are not covered under our insurance policies, such as environmental contamination or terrorist attacks, and that exceed any amounts that we may have reserved for such liabilities;

    the amount of any liabilities that we may face may exceed our policy limits; and

    we may incur losses resulting from interruption of our business that may not be fully covered under our insurance policies.

        Even a partially uninsured claim of significant size, if successful, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Moreover, even if we successfully defend ourselves against any such claim, we could be forced to spend a substantial amount of money on litigation expenses, our management could be required to spend valuable time in the defense against these claims and our reputation could suffer, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations.

        A large or a number of smaller product liability judgments against us could exceed our insurance coverage and might result in a material loss to us. In addition, publicity resulting from an actual or perceived problem with one of our products could harm our reputation and reduce demand for our product offerings. Actual or threatened product liability suits may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Changes in data privacy and data protection laws and regulations, or any failure to comply with such laws and regulations, could adversely impact our business.

        Our business is subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations in the United States and internationally designed to protect the privacy of clients, customers, employees and other third parties. The interpretation and application of such laws and regulations is uncertain and evolving and it is possible that changes in the interpretation of these laws could require us to change our practices. For example, the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which has taken effect in May 2018, creates a range of new compliance obligations and increases financial penalties for non-compliance and extends the scope of the EU data protection law to all companies processing data of EU residents, regardless of the company's location. We are currently reviewing our data privacy and protection policies in response to the adoption of the GDPR and have engaged a professional adviser to serve as our external compliance officer as permitted by the GDPR. Complying with the GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. In addition, if we fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant litigation, monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in one or more jurisdictions.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches or disruptions to our information technology environment.

        As with all enterprise information systems, our systems, which contain critical information about our business (including intellectual property and confidential information of our customers, vendors and employees), could be penetrated by outside parties intent on extracting information, corrupting information, or disrupting business processes.

        Despite our efforts to protect sensitive information and confidential and personal data and to comply with and implement data security measures, our facilities and systems may be vulnerable to security breaches and other data loss, including cyber-attacks. It is not possible to predict the impact on our business of the future loss, alteration or misappropriation of information in our possession related to us, our employees, former employees, customers or suppliers. Depending on their nature and scope, these threats could potentially lead to improper use of our systems and networks, manipulation and destruction of proprietary or key data or product non-compliance. Unauthorized access and breaches of our security measures could disrupt our business operations and could result in failures or interruptions in our computer systems and in the loss of assets (including our intellectual property and confidential business information). Such breaches could also result in inadvertent disclosure, or unapproved dissemination of proprietary, sensitive or confidential information about the company, our employees, our vendors, or our customers and could result in litigation, violations of various data privacy regulations in some jurisdictions, and also potentially result in liability to us. This could damage our reputation, or otherwise harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Additionally, the devotion of additional resources to the security of our information technology systems in the future could significantly increase the cost of doing business.

We are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, which could subject us to liabilities, increase our costs or restrict our business or operations in the future.

        Our manufacturing operations and our products are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate or sell our products. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, the handling and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes (such as the cleaning chemicals used in our production facilities and the chemicals used in the copper etching process for our metal mesh touch sensors) employee health and safety and the use of hazardous materials in, and the recycling of, our products. Failure to comply with present and future environmental, health and safety requirements, or the identification of

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contamination, could cause us to incur substantial costs, monetary fines, civil or criminal penalties and curtailment of operations.

The identification of environmental issues, including instances of non-compliance and/or accidents, could subject us to substantial remedial obligations or liabilities, increase our costs, or restrict our business or operations in the future.

        We are subject to a number of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations that have become more stringent over time. More vigorous enforcement of current environmental, health and safety requirements by regulatory agencies, the enactment of more stringent laws and regulations or other unanticipated events may result in the identification of presently unidentified environmental conditions, or liabilities of which we are currently unaware. The results of these environmental conditions or liabilities could restrict our ability to use or expand our facilities, require us to incur additional expenses or require us to modify our manufacturing processes or the contents of our products. This could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Political, Geographical and Economic Risks

A slowdown in the global economy could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

        A slowdown in the global economy could adversely affect demand in our markets and negatively impact the electronic products sales from which we generate our income. A global economic downturn could also lead to a slowdown in our business, with side effects including significant decreases in orders from our customers, insolvency of key suppliers resulting in raw material constraints and product delays, inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products and/or customer insolvencies and counterparty failures negatively impacting our operations. In addition, a downturn in the economy could slow down the adoption of new technologies by our customers or cause our customers to shift their purchases to lower cost, less demanding technologies as opposed to more expensive, newer technologies we may develop. Because of such factors, we believe the level of demand for our products and projections of future revenue and operating results will be difficult to predict. If any economic downturn occurs in the future, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be affected materially and adversely.

Political events, trade sanctions, war, terrorism, public health issues, natural disasters and other circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

        War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, trade sanctions and other business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on our business and our suppliers, logistics providers, contract manufacturers and customers. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, nuclear power plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond our control. Such events could decrease demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible for us or our contract manufacturers to make and deliver products to our customers or receive components from our suppliers, and create delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain. Should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, our business could be negatively affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between regions, delays in production ramps of new products, and disruption in the operations of our contract manufacturers and suppliers. Certain critical business operations, including certain of our suppliers and contract manufacturers, are in locations that could be affected by natural disasters. In the event of a natural disaster, losses, significant recovery time and substantial expenditures could be

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required to resume operations and our financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Our business activities and international expansion activities outside of Germany and the European Union subject us to various risks and our failure to manage these risks could adversely affect our results of operations.

        Our business is subject to a wide range of risks associated with doing business globally. Our sales outside of the European Union represented 68.1% and 54.4% of our total revenue in 2018 and 2017, respectively. One element of our growth strategy is to pursue opportunities for our business in several areas of the world, any or all of which could be adversely affected by the risks set forth below, or the risks of which we are currently unaware. Accordingly, we face significant operational risks as a result of doing business internationally, such as:

    fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

    potentially longer sales and payment cycles;

    potentially greater difficulties and delays in collecting accounts receivable;

    potentially adverse tax consequences;

    challenges in providing solutions across a significant distance in different languages and among different cultures;

    different, complex and changing laws governing intellectual property rights, which in certain countries sometimes afford reduced protection of intellectual property rights;

    difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, particularly in new geographic locations;

    restrictions imposed by local labor practices and laws applicable to our business and operations;

    rapid changes in government, economic and political policies and conditions, political or civil unrest or instability, terrorism or epidemics and other similar outbreaks or events;

    operating in countries with a higher incidence of corruption and fraudulent business practices;

    seasonal reduction in business activity in certain parts of the world;

    costs and difficulties of customizing products for foreign countries;

    compliance with a wide variety of complex foreign laws, treaties and regulations;

    transportation delays;

    tariffs, trade barriers and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets; and

    becoming subject to the laws, regulations and court system of multiple jurisdictions.

        Our failure to manage the market and operational risks associated with our international operations effectively could limit the future growth of our business and adversely affect our results of operations.

Our international operations pose currency risks, which may adversely affect our operating results and net income.

        Our operating results may be affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates and our ability to effectively manage our currency transaction and translation risks. Our business in terms of purchases and sales is mainly processed in the local currencies of our group entities, which are their functional

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currencies (euro, Chinese renminbi, U.S. dollar, Japanese yen). We use euro as a group presentational currency. As we realize our strategy to further expand internationally, our exposure to currency risks will increase. In addition, there is a possibility that currency exchange rates will experience greater fluctuation if a country currently using the euro as its currency ceases to do so. We do not manage our foreign currency exposure in a manner that would eliminate the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. Therefore, changes in exchange rates between these foreign currencies and the euro will affect our revenue, cost of goods sold and operating expenses and margins, and could result in exchange losses in any given reporting period.

        We incur currency transaction risks whenever we enter into either a purchase or a sale transaction using a different currency from the currency in which we receive revenue. In such cases we may suffer an exchange loss because we do not currently engage in currency forward contracts, options, swaps or other instruments to address this risk.

        The volatility of exchange rates could hinder our ability to effectively manage or hedge our currency transaction risks and any volatility in currency exchange rates could have an adverse effect on our revenue or results of operations.

We are subject to international tax laws and potential tax audits that could affect our financial results.

        We are subject to international tax laws and potential tax audits. The application of these laws and their interpretation in different jurisdictions affect our international operations in complex ways and are subject to change, and some changes may be retroactively applied. Our tax liabilities in the different countries where we operate depend, in part, on transfer pricing and administrative charges among us and our subsidiaries.

        These arrangements require us to make judgments with which tax authorities may disagree, potentially resulting in the assessment of material additional taxes, penalties, interest or other charges to resolve these issues.

        We also could be materially affected by the resolution of issues arising from tax audits or examinations. Tax authorities could impose additional tariffs, duties, taxes, penalties and interest on us, for example if tax audits find that permanent establishments for tax purposes exist, if net operating losses are found not to be available to offset taxable income, if the deduction of business expenses or interest expenses is denied for tax purposes, if payments are held to be subject to withholding taxes, or if taxable services are deemed to have been rendered.

        German corporate income tax, trade tax and VAT tax audits have not yet been conducted for 2015 and onwards for VIA optronics GmbH. Formal Chinese tax audits have not been conducted for 2017 and onwards. None of the group companies has been subject to tax audits in the U.S., Japan or in Taiwan.

        Transactions that we have structured in light of current tax rules could have material and adverse consequences for us if tax rules change. Tax audits, changes in tax laws, their application and interpretation or imposition of any new or increased tariffs, duties and taxes could increase our tax burden and materially and adversely affect our sales, profits and financial condition and could have an adverse effect on our business, net assets, or results of operations. Such factors could also cause us to expend significant time and resources and/or cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information.

Risks Related to the American Depositary Shares and this Offering

        The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the private placement of shares to Corning. Corning may elect not to consummate the concurrent private placement if the initial public offering has not closed by a specified date, if there is an uncured material breach of the commercial agreements we

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entered into concurrently with our execution of the investment agreement, or if certain of the representations and warranties we made in the investment agreement are not accurate. Should Corning elect not to consummate the private placement, this may adversely affect our business, harm our reputation, or cause our share price to decline.

        Corning, one of our commercial partners, has agreed to purchase ADSs at an aggregate purchase price of $20 million in a separate concurrent private placement, that we expect will be completed shortly after the completion of this offering at a price per ADS equal to 95% of the initial public offering price in this offering. The sale of ADSs to Corning will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We provided Corning with customary representations, warranties and indemnities in the investment agreement and we have agreed to allow Corning to include its ADSs in certain registrations we may file after this offering until the second anniversary of the closing of this offering and thereafter to the extent Corning's securities are not then freely tradeable under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Corning is required to pay the purchase price for its ADSs within three business days of the receipt of the excerpt from the commercial register relating to the corresponding increase in our registered share capital, which filing will be submitted concurrently with the consummation of this offering. The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the private placement.

        Corning may elect not to consummate the concurrent private placement if the initial public offering has not closed by a specified date, if there is an uncured material breach of the commercial agreements we entered into with Corning concurrently with our execution of the investment agreement, or if certain of the representations and warranties we made in the investment agreement are not accurate.

        If the closing of the private placement is delayed for any reason, including due to a delay in registration of the corresponding increase in our registered share capital, or were a dispute to arise with Corning over our commercial agreements with them or that a representation or warranty is inaccurate, or if Corning does not for any reason consummate the private placement at all, this may adversely affect our business, harm our reputation, or cause our share price to decline.

There is no established trading market for the ADSs or our ordinary shares.

        This offering constitutes our initial public offering of ADSs, and no public market for the ADSs or our ordinary shares currently exists. We intend to list the ADSs on The New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, subject to completion of customary procedures in the United States. Any delay in the commencement of trading of the ADSs on the NYSE would impair the liquidity of the market for the ADSs and make it more difficult for holders to sell the ADSs. We do not intend to list our ordinary shares on a trading market and therefore do not expect that a trading market will develop for our ordinary shares not represented by the ADSs.

        Even if the ADSs are listed on the NYSE, an active trading market for the ADSs may fail to develop or be sustained after this offering is completed. The initial offering price will be determined by negotiations among the lead underwriters and us. Among the factors considered in determining the initial offering price will be our results of operations, our current financial condition, our future prospects, our management and the economic conditions in and future prospects for our industry. However, following this offering, the ADSs may trade at a price lower than the offering price.

        In addition, the stock market has generally experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of listed companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of the ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. The market price and liquidity of the market for the ADSs that will

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prevail in the market after this offering may be higher or lower than the price you pay and may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

    significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of companies in our sector, which is not necessarily related to the operating performance of these companies;

    the mix of products that we sell, and related services that we provide, during any period;

    delays between our expenditures to develop and market new products and the generation of sales from those products;

    changes in the amount that we spend to develop, acquire or license new products, technologies or businesses;

    changes in our expenditures to promote our products and services;

    the success or failure of research and development projects of us or our competitors;

    announcements of acquisitions by us or one of our competitors;

    the general tendency toward volatility in the market prices of shares of companies that rely on technology and innovation;

    changes in applicable laws;

    changes or perceived changes in earnings or variations in operating results;

    any shortfall in our financial results compared to the levels expected by investors or securities analysts; and

    general economic trends and other external factors.

You will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.

        If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution of €         ($        ) per ADS, after giving effect to the sale by us of the                ADSs (representing                ordinary shares) offered by us in the offering and the sale by us of                ADSs (representing                ordinary shares) to Corning in the concurrent private placement, based on an offering price of $        per ADS, with an ordinary share to ADS ratio of                 to        and an exchange rate of $        per euro, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Dilution for this purpose represents the difference between the price per ADS paid by new investors and net tangible book value per ADS immediately after the completion of the offering. As a result of the dilution to investors purchasing ADSs in this offering, investors may receive significantly less than the purchase price paid in this offering, if anything, in the event of our liquidation.

We have broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in this offering and may use them in ways that may not enhance our operating results or the price of the ADSs.

        Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the portion of the net proceeds from this offering and the concurrent private placement that we will receive, and could spend the proceeds from this offering in ways that do not improve our results of operation or enhance the value of the ADSs. Shareholders may not be able to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the purposes described in the "Use of Proceeds" section of this prospectus. The failure of management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, which could cause the price of the ADSs to decline.

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We have no present intention to pay dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment during that time is if the price of the ADSs appreciates.

        We have no present intention to pay dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. Any recommendation by our management and supervisory boards to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, legal requirements and other factors. Accordingly, if the price of the ADSs declines in the foreseeable future, you will incur a loss on your investment, without the likelihood that this loss will be offset in part or at all by potential future cash dividends.

You may not receive distributions on our ordinary shares represented by the ADSs or any value for them.

        Under the terms of the deposit agreement, the depositary for the ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, in accordance with the limitations set forth in the deposit agreement, it may be unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to holders of ADSs. In addition, distributions of rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares or ADSs, distributions payable in cash or additional ordinary shares or ADSs at the election of the recipient or distributions of property other than cash, ordinary shares or rights to subscribe for additional ordinary shares or ADSs will only be made to holders of ADSs if we request such rights be made available to holders of ADSs. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of the ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value from them if it is unlawful or impractical for us to make them available for you. These restrictions may have a material adverse effect on the value of your ADSs.

If securities or industry analysts cease publishing research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our ADS price and trading volume could decline.

        The trading market for the ADSs will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our shares or ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share and ADS price may decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our shares and ADSs could decrease, which might cause our share and ADS price and trading volume to decline.

Holders of ADSs are not treated as shareholders of our company.

        By participating in this offering you will become a holder of ADSs with underlying shares in a German public company. Holders of ADSs are not treated as our shareholders, unless they withdraw the shares underlying the ADSs from the depositary. The depositary is the holder of the shares underlying the ADSs. Holders of ADSs therefore do not have any rights as shareholders of our company, other than the rights that they have pursuant to the deposit agreement.

You may not be able to exercise your right to vote the shares underlying your ADSs.

        Holders of ADSs may exercise voting rights with respect to the shares represented by the ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. You may instruct the depositary to vote the number of whole deposited shares your ADSs represent. The depositary will notify you of shareholders' meetings or other solicitations of consents and arrange to deliver our voting materials to you if we ask it to. Those materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how you may

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instruct the depositary how to vote. For instructions to be valid, they must reach the depositary by a date set by the depositary.

        You may instruct the depositary to vote the shares underlying your ADSs. Otherwise, you will not be able to exercise your right to vote, unless you withdraw the shares underlying the ADSs you hold. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions provided that any such failure is in good faith. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and there may be no remedies available to you if the shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you requested. If we do not instruct the depositary to obtain your voting instructions, you can still instruct the depositary how to vote, and the depositary may vote as you instruct, but it is not required to do so.

Our principal shareholder owns a significant percentage of our ordinary shares and will be able to exert significant influence over matters subject to shareholder approval.

        Prior to this offering, two shareholders beneficially owned 100% of our ordinary shares. Upon consummation of this offering and the concurrent private placement, that same group will hold approximately        % of our outstanding ordinary shares (including ordinary shares represented by ADSs) and our largest shareholder, Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A., will hold approximately      % of our ordinary shares (including ordinary shares represented by ADSs), in each case assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs from us. Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. will retain effective control over the outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval, including elections of members of our supervisory board, amendments to our organizational documents and the approval of any merger, spin-off, sale of assets or other major corporate transaction following the consummation of the offering. If, at the consummation of the offering or in the future, Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. controls a majority of the voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, we would be eligible to be treated as a "controlled company" within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange. Under these corporate governance standards, a "controlled company" may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:

    a majority of its board of directors consist of "independent directors" as defined under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange;

    its director nominees be selected, or recommended for its board of directors' selection by a nominating/governance committee comprised solely of independent directors; and

    the compensation of its executive officers be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, by a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors.

        Even if we qualify as a "controlled company" upon the consummation of the offering, we do not expect to take advantage of any of the applicable exemptions under the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards except to the extent we are exempt from such standards as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act; however, there can be no assurance that we will not elect to do so in the future if we are eligible. Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A.'s ownership position and/or our future election to utilize exemptions available to a "controlled company" may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our ordinary shares or ADSs that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our shareholders. The interests of these shareholders may not always coincide with your interests or the interests of other shareholders and they may act in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of other shareholders, including seeking a premium value for their ordinary shares, which might affect the prevailing market price for the ADSs.

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Future sales, or the perception of future sales, of a substantial number of our shares or ADSs could adversely affect the price of the ADSs, and actual sales of our equity will dilute shareholders and ADS holders.

        All of our shares that were issued and outstanding before this offering, as well as the shares underlying the ADSs to be sold to Corning in the concurrent private placement, are subject to a 180-day contractual lock-up in connection with this offering. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. may permit our officers, directors, current shareholders and Corning to sell ordinary shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up agreements. See "Underwriting." If our existing shareholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of ADSs in the public market after the 180-day contractual lock-up and the other legal restrictions on resale discussed in this prospectus lapse, or if we indicate an intent to sell substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or ADSs to raise additional capital, the trading price of the ADSs could decline significantly and could decline below the initial public offering price.

        After the lock-up agreements pertaining to this offering expire, and based on the number of ordinary shares outstanding upon completion of this offering and the concurrent private placement, approximately                        additional ADSs (equivalent to                        ordinary shares) will be eligible for sale in the public market, subject to any applicable volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

        See "Ordinary Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a more detailed description of sales that may occur in the future. If these additional ordinary shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, the trading price of the ADSs could decline substantially.

Your right as a holder of ADSs to participate in any future preemptive subscription rights issues or to elect to receive dividends in shares may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.

        Under German law, the existing shareholders have a preemptive right to subscribe for shares offered in proportion to the amount of shares they hold in connection with any offering of shares. However, a shareholders' meeting may vote, by a majority that represents at least three quarters of the share capital represented at the meeting, to waive this preemptive right for all shareholders provided that, from the company's perspective, there exists good and objective cause for such waiver.

        Certain non-German shareholders may not be able to exercise their preemptive subscription rights in our future offerings due to the legislation and regulations of their home country. For example, ADS holders in the United States will not be entitled to exercise or sell such rights unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirement is available. In addition, the deposit agreement provides that the depositary need not make rights available to you unless the distribution to ADS holders of both the rights and any related securities are either registered under the Securities Act or exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, ADS holders may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings. In addition, if the depositary is unable to sell rights that are not exercised or not distributed or if the sale is not lawful or reasonably practicable, it will allow the rights to lapse, in which case you will receive no value for these rights.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of rules under the U.S. securities laws and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than U.S. companies. This may limit the information available to holders of ADSs.

        We are a "foreign private issuer," as defined in the SEC rules and regulations, and, consequently, we are not subject to all of the disclosure requirements applicable to companies organized within the United States. For example, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that regulate

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disclosure obligations and procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations applicable to a security registered under the Exchange Act. In addition, members of our management board and supervisory board and our principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and "short-swing" profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related rules with respect to their purchases and sales of our securities. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. public companies. Accordingly, there may be less publicly-available information concerning our company than there is for U.S. public companies.

        As a foreign private issuer, we file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the close of each year ended December 31 and furnish reports on Form 6-K relating to certain material events promptly after we publicly announce these events. However, although we intend to issue quarterly financial information, because of the above exemptions for foreign private issuers, we are not required to do so, and, therefore, holders of ADSs will not be afforded the same protections or information generally available to investors holding shares in public companies organized in the United States.

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to certain New York Stock Exchange corporate governance rules applicable to U.S. listed companies.

        We rely on provisions in the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual that permit us to follow our home country corporate governance practices with regard to certain aspects of corporate governance. This allows us to follow German corporate law and the German Corporate Governance Code, which differ in significant respects from the corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

        In accordance with our New York Stock Exchange listing, our Audit Committee is required to comply with or satisfy an exemption from the provisions of Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, both of which are also applicable to listed U.S. companies. Because we are a foreign private issuer, however, we generally are permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of the corporate governance standards provided in the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual. In particular, we are not required to comply with the requirements that the members of our Audit Committee satisfy financial literacy standards, that a majority of the members of our supervisory board must be independent, that our Audit Committee and Compensation and Nomination Committee adopt written charters and that we adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. If some investors find the ADSs less attractive as a result of these differences, there may be a less active trading market for the ADSs and the price of the ADSs may be more volatile. See "Management—Differences between Our Corporate Governance Practices and Those Set Forth in the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual."

U.S. holders of ADSs may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company.

        A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of "passive" income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents, annuities, net gains from the sale or exchange of property producing such income and net foreign currency gains. In addition, a non-U.S. corporation will be treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, more than 25% (by value) of the stock.

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        In the event we were treated as a PFIC, U.S. holders (as defined in "Taxation—U.S. Taxation") of the ADSs could be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. These consequences include the following: (i) if the ADSs are "marketable stock" for purposes of the PFIC rules and a U.S. holder makes a mark-to-market election with respect to its ADSs, the U.S. holder will be required to include annually in its U.S. federal taxable income an amount reflecting any year end increase in the value of its ADSs, (ii) if a U.S. holder does not make a mark-to-market election, it may incur significant additional U.S. federal income taxes on income resulting from certain distributions on, or any gain from the disposition of, the ADSs, as such income generally would be allocated over the U.S. holder's holding period for its ADSs and subject to tax at the highest rates of U.S. federal income taxation in effect for such years, with an interest charge then imposed on the resulting taxes in respect of such income, and (iii) dividends paid by us would not be eligible for reduced individual rates of U.S. federal income tax. In addition, U.S. holders that own an interest in a PFIC are required to file additional U.S. federal tax information returns.

        Based on certain estimates of our gross income and gross assets, the latter determined by reference to the expected value of the ADSs and shares, we believe that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ending December 31, 2018 and we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC in any future taxable year. However, because PFIC status is based on our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, which we expect may vary substantially over time, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for any taxable year until after the close of the taxable year. Moreover, we must determine our PFIC status annually based on tests that are factual in nature, and our status in future years will depend on our income, assets and activities in each of those years. There can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year.

        A U.S. holder may in certain circumstances mitigate the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules by either electing to mark their ADSs to market, provided the ADSs are considered "marketable" for the purposes of the PFIC rules, or by filing an election to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund, or a QEF. In the event that we are or become a PFIC, we do not intend to comply with the reporting requirements necessary to permit U.S. holders to elect to treat us as a QEF. See "Taxation—U.S. Taxation—Additional United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—PFIC Rules."

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

        While we currently qualify as a foreign private issuer, the determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

        In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if we fail to meet the requirements necessary to maintain our foreign private issuer status as of the relevant determination date. Our foreign private issuer status will be tested on June 30 of each year. We expect that we will maintain our status on June 30, 2019, but in the future we may lose that status. This could occur if, for instance, a majority of our shareholders of record were U.S. citizens or residents and a majority of our executive officers or directors were U.S. citizens or residents or if a majority of our assets were located in the United States.

        The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly more than the costs we incur as a foreign private issuer. If we cease to be a foreign private issuer, we could be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive in certain respects than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We would be required under current SEC rules to prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather than IFRS. Such conversion of our financial statements to U.S. GAAP would involve significant time and cost, and we would still be

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required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. In addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on United States stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers such as the ones described above and exemptions from procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies.

We are eligible to be treated as an "emerging growth company", as defined in the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make the ADSs less attractive to investors.

        We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including (1) the ability to include only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations disclosure; (2) an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (3) to the extent that we no longer qualify as a foreign private issuer, (a) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and (b) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation, including golden parachute compensation; and (4) an exemption from compliance with the requirement that the PCAOB has adopted regarding a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements.

        We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of our shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of nonconvertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. For example, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company that uses U.S. GAAP for financial reporting can use the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Given that we currently report and expect to continue to report under IFRS we have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required by the IASB. We have taken advantage of reduced reporting requirements in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold equity securities.

U.S. investors may have difficulty enforcing civil liabilities against our company and members of our supervisory board and management board and the experts named in this prospectus.

        Certain members of our supervisory board and management board and the experts named in this prospectus are non-residents of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible, or may be very difficult, to serve process on such persons or us in the United States or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts against them or us based on civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States. In addition, awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere may be unenforceable in Germany. An award for monetary damages under the U.S. securities laws would be considered punitive if it does not seek to compensate the claimant for loss or damage suffered and is intended to punish the defendant. The enforceability of any judgment in Germany will depend on the particular facts of the case as well as the laws and treaties in effect at the time. Litigation in Germany is also subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including

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with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. With very narrow exceptions, proceedings in Germany would have to be conducted in the German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into German. For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, certain members of our supervisory board and management board and the experts named in this prospectus in a German court. The United States and Germany do not currently have a treaty providing for recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters, though recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Germany is possible in accordance with applicable German laws.

You may be subject to limitations on transfers of your ADSs.

        Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a company that is subject to reporting obligations in the United States, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

        As a company that is subject to reporting obligations in the United States, we will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses that we did not previously incur. In addition, the SOX Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related rules implemented by the SEC and the NYSE have imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. These costs will increase at the time when we are no longer an emerging growth company eligible to rely on exemptions under the JOBS Act from certain disclosure and governance requirements if we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our supervisory board or its committees or on our management board. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of the ADSs, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.

Your rights as a shareholder in a German corporation may differ from your rights as a shareholder in a U.S. corporation.

        We are organized as a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft or AG) under the laws of Germany, and by participating in this offering you will become a holder of ADSs of a German stock corporation. You should be aware that the rights of shareholders of a German stock corporation under German law differ in important respects from those of shareholders of a U.S. corporation. These differences include, in particular:

    Under German law, certain important resolutions, including, for example, capital decreases, measures under the German Transformation Act (Umwandlungsgesetz), such as mergers,

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      conversions and spin-offs, the issuance of convertible bonds or bonds with warrants attached and the dissolution of the German stock corporation apart from insolvency and certain other proceedings, require the vote of a 75% majority of the capital represented at the relevant shareholders' meeting (Hauptversammlung). Therefore, the holder or holders of a blocking minority of more than 25% or, depending on the attendance level at the shareholders' meeting, the holder or holders of a smaller percentage of the shares in a German stock corporation may be able to block any such votes, possibly to our detriment or the detriment of our other shareholders.

    As a general rule under German law, a shareholder has no direct recourse against the members of the management board (Vorstand) or supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat) of a German stock corporation in the event that they have breached their duty of loyalty or duty of care to the German stock corporation. Apart from insolvency or other special circumstances, only the German stock corporation itself has the right to claim damages from members of the management board or the supervisory board. A German stock corporation may waive or settle such damage claims only if at least three years have passed since the violation of a duty occurred and the shareholders approve the waiver or settlement at the shareholders' meeting with a simple majority of the share capital represented at such meeting, unless a minority holding, in the aggregate, 10% or more of the German stock corporation's share capital objects to the shareholder resolution approving the waiver or settlement and has its objection formally recorded in the minutes of the shareholder meeting by a German civil law notary.

    By subscribing or purchasing ADSs you will not become a shareholder of the Company.

        For more information, we have provided summaries of relevant German corporate law and of our articles of association under "Management" and "Description of Company History and Share Capital."

Exchange rate fluctuations may reduce the amount of U.S. dollars you receive in respect of any dividends or other distributions we may pay in the future in connection with your ADSs.

        We do not currently intend to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Under German law, the determination of whether we have made sufficient profits to pay dividends is made on the basis of our unconsolidated annual financial statements prepared in accordance with German generally accepted accounting principles as set forth in the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch). Exchange rate fluctuations may affect the amount in U.S. dollars that our shareholders receive when we declare and pay in euros cash dividends or other cash distributions, if any. Such fluctuations could adversely affect the value of the ADSs and, in turn, the U.S. dollar proceeds that holders receive from the sale of the ADSs.

We are limited in our ability to increase our share capital under German law, which may make it difficult for us to raise additional capital to fund our operations in a timely manner.

        Under German law and according to our articles of association, an increase of our share capital requires a resolution passed at our shareholders' meeting with both a simple majority of the share capital represented at the meeting, unless a capital increase can be executed using the authorized capital of the Company. A capital increase from authorized capital requires a resolution of the management board to such effect and the approval of the supervisory board. The aggregate nominal amount of the authorized capital created by the shareholders may not exceed one-half of the share capital existing at the time of registration of the authorized capital with the commercial register and the authorized capital may only be created for a period of up to five years. In addition, every holder of ordinary shares is generally entitled to subscription rights (commonly known as preemptive rights) relating to any new shares issued in connection with a capital increase in proportion to the number of shares he or she holds in the corporation's existing share capital, and a minimum subscription period of

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two weeks must be provided for the exercise of such subscription rights, although holders of ordinary shares may resolve to exclude subscription rights under certain circumstances. Given these and other restrictions under German law, it may be difficult for us to access capital markets quickly to raise additional capital that may be needed to fund our operations. For additional information, see the summaries of German law under "Description of Company History and Share Capital."

In the event that the ADSs do not qualify as ADRs under the ADR Tax Circular, U.S. treaty beneficiaries and German tax resident holders of ADSs could be subject to adverse consequences.

        In the event that the ADSs do not qualify as ADRs under the ADR Tax Circular (both as defined in "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs—General"), the U.S. and German tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of the ADSs applicable to U.S. treaty beneficiaries (as defined in "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs—Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders") and German tax resident holders of ADSs could differ significantly from the U.S. and German tax consequences described in "Taxation." The qualification of the ADSs for German tax purposes in this case is uncertain.

        In particular, in the event that the ADSs fail to qualify as ADRs, U.S. treaty beneficiaries and German tax resident holders of ADSs could be subject to adverse U.S. and German tax consequences, respectively, which could include the following: (i) the U.S. treaty beneficiaries will not be entitled to claim a refund of the portion of the otherwise applicable 26.375% German withholding tax on dividends relating to the ADSs that exceeds the applicable Treaty (as defined in "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs—Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders") rate and (ii) the German tax resident holders will not be entitled to any tax exemptions in relation to dividends and capital gains relating to the ADSs (see "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs—Taxation of German Resident Holders").

ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

        The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

        If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit agreement.

        If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us

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and / or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

        Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This prospectus contains forward-looking statements concerning our business, operations and financial performance and condition as well as our plans, objectives and expectations for our business operations and financial performance and condition. Any statements that are not of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "believes," "estimates," "anticipates," "expects," "plans," "intends," "may," "could," "might," "will," "should," "aims" or other similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout this prospectus and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, assumptions, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, our intellectual property position, results of operations, cash needs, spending of the proceeds from this offering, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate and the trends that may affect the industry or us.

        By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change, and depend on economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. All of our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations.

        Actual results could differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, without limitation, risks related to:

    our ability to meet customers' requirements for quality and performance or their demands as to timing or quantity;

    our dependence upon sales to certain customers;

    our dependence upon our relationships with our strategic partners;

    our ability to win business;

    the length of the product development cycle for our OEM, Tier-1 Supplier, and other customers;

    our dependence upon a limited number of suppliers for a number of our raw materials and equipment, including the silicone material used in VIA bond plus;

    delays in the production of our direct customers' product offerings, including due to performance issues with, or supply shortages of, component parts unrelated to our solutions;

    volatility in the prices or availability of certain components and raw materials used in our business;

    our ability to protect our know how, trade secrets and other intellectual property;

    our ability to manage the expansion of our operations effectively;

    our ability to attract and retain key management or other key personnel;

    our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms, or at all, if needed; and

    the other risks described in the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus and elsewhere in this prospectus.

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        Any forward-looking statements that we make in this prospectus speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake, except as may be required by law, no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this prospectus. See "Where You Can Find More Information."

        You should also read carefully the risk factors described in the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus and elsewhere in this prospectus to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified timeframe, or at all.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

        We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $             million, assuming an initial offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We will also receive net proceeds of approximately $             million from the sale of                        ADSs in the concurrent private placement to Corning at a price equal to 95% of the initial public offering price, assuming an initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The closing of this offering is not contingent upon the closing of the concurrent private placement with Corning.

        A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $             million. An increase (decrease) of 1.0 million in the number of ADSs offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us by $             million. An increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price and/or number of ADSs offered by us in this offering will have no impact on the net proceeds to us from the concurrent private placement.

        The selling shareholder will receive approximately $             million in net proceeds from its sale of            ADSs in this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the selling shareholder, which will be approximately $             million, assuming an initial public offering price of $            per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. If the underwriters' option to purchase additional ADSs is exercised in full, we estimate the selling shareholder will receive net proceeds, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the selling shareholder, of $             million, assuming an initial public offering price of $            per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholder. See "Principal and Selling Shareholders" and "Underwriting."

        We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering and the concurrent private placement for the following purposes:

    approximately $             million for potential acquisitions of targets that could enhance our integrated solutions offerings within the automotive and/or industrial/specialized markets although we do not have agreements or commitments for any material acquisitions at this time;

    approximately $             million for improvements in and expansion of our existing production capabilities, including with respect to the production of large display sizes and improvement in automation in our facilities in Germany and Japan and expansion of our clean room capacity in our Chinese facilities;

    approximately $             million for research and development, including research and development relating to camera-enhanced displays, three dimensional displays, new sensor technologies, software enhancements and embedded computing;

    approximately $             million for expansion of our sales, marketing and distribution teams; and

    the remainder for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, working capital.

        The foregoing represents our current intentions with respect to the use and allocation of the net proceeds of this offering and the concurrent private placement based upon our present plans and business conditions, but our management will have significant flexibility and discretion in applying the net proceeds. The occurrence of unforeseen events or changed market and business conditions could result in the application of the net proceeds of this offering or the concurrent private placement in a manner other than as described above. Pending our use of the net proceeds as described above, we may invest the net proceeds in short-term bank deposits or invest them in interest-bearing, investment grade securities.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

        We have no present intention of declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any recommendation by our management board and supervisory board to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, legal requirements, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors.

        All of the shares represented by the ADSs offered by this prospectus will generally have the same dividend rights as all of our other outstanding shares. However, the depositary may limit distributions based on practical considerations and legal limitations. See "Description of American Depositary Shares—Dividends and Distributions." Any distribution of dividends proposed by our management board and supervisory board requires the approval of our shareholders in a shareholders' meeting. See "Description of Company History and Share Capital—Dividend Rights," which explains in more detail the procedures we must follow and the German law provisions that determine whether we are entitled to declare a dividend.

        For information regarding the German withholding tax applicable to dividends and related United States refund procedures, see "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs."

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CAPITALIZATION

        The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and capitalization as of [            ], 2019:

    on an actual basis for VIA optronics GmbH;

    as adjusted to reflect (i) the contribution of VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG described in "Description of Company History Share Capital—Incorporation of the Company" and (ii) the sale by us of                        ADSs in this offering, assuming an initial public offering of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us; and

    as adjusted to further reflect the sale by us of                        ADSs in the concurrent private placement to Corning at a price equal to 95% of the initial public offering price, assuming an initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

        Because the consummation of this offering is a condition precedent to the consummation of the concurrent private placement, we will not receive any proceeds from, or issue any ADS in, the concurrent private placement without the concurrent consummation of this offering.

        Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, total shareholders' equity and total capitalization by $             million, assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each increase or decrease of 1.0 million in the number of ADSs offered by us at the assumed initial public offering price would increase or decrease the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, total shareholders' equity and total capitalization by $             million, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        You should read this together with "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the audited consolidated financial statements of VIA optronics GmbH and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  As of [            ], 2019  
 
  Actual   As Adjusted
for the Offering
  As Adjusted
for the Offering
and Concurrent
Private Placement
 
 
  (€ in thousands)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  €                 €                 €              

Bank overdrafts and lines of credit

  €                 €                 €              

Long-term debt

                 

Shareholders' equity:

                 

Issued capital

                 

Capital and other reserves

                 

Retained earnings

                                                  

Total shareholders' equity

                                                  

Total capitalization

  €                 €                 €              

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DILUTION

        If you invest in the ADSs in this offering, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS and the pro forma net tangible book value per ADS after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per ADS is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per ADS attributable to our existing shareholders for our ordinary shares that will be outstanding immediately prior to the closing of this offering. We calculate net tangible book value per ordinary share by dividing the net tangible book value (total assets less intangible assets and total liabilities) by the number of outstanding ordinary shares. For purposes of illustration, the following discussion assumes that all of our outstanding shares both before and after this offering are in the form of ADSs, each representing            of an ordinary share. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ADS from the assumed initial public offering price per ADS.

        Our net tangible book value as of                        , 2019 was $            , or $            per ordinary share and $            per ADS. After giving effect to the sale by us of the ADSs in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the sale by us of                        ADSs in the concurrent private placement, at 95% of such assumed initial public offering price, our pro forma net tangible book value as of            would have been approximately $            , or $            per ordinary share and $            per ADS. This amount represents an immediate increase in our pro forma net tangible book value of $            per ordinary share, or $            per ADS, to our existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $            per ordinary share, or $            per ADS, to investors purchasing the ADSs in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price.

        The following table illustrates this dilution per ADS:

 
  Per ADS
(in $)

Assumed initial public offering price

              

Net tangible book value before the change attributable to investors purchasing ADSs in this offering

              

Increase in net tangible book value attributable to investors purchasing ADSs in this offering

              

Increase in net tangible book value attributable to Corning in the concurrent private placement

   

Pro forma net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering and the concurrent private placement

              

Dilution to new investors

              

        A $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase our pro forma net tangible book value after this offering and the concurrent private placement by $             per ADS, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value to new investors by $             per ADS, assuming that the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. A $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would decrease our pro forma net tangible book value after this offering and the concurrent private placement by $            per ADS, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value to new investors by $            per ADS, assuming that the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this

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prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        Each increase (decrease) of 1.0 million ADSs in the number of ADSs offered by us would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value after this offering and the concurrent private placement by $            per ADS and decrease (increase) the dilution to investors participating in this offering by approximately $            per ADS, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        The following table summarizes on a pro forma basis, as of            , 2019, the differences between the shareholders as of            , 2019 and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary shares purchased from us and the selling shareholder, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share paid by existing shareholders, Corning and by investors participating in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

 
  Ordinary Shares
Purchased
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Total Consideration    
   
 
 
  Average Price
per Ordinary
Share
  Average
Price per
ADS
 
 
  Number   Percent   Amount   Percent  
 
   
   
  (in $)
   
  (in $)
  (in $)
 

Existing shareholders

                                   

Corning

                                   

New investors

                                                                                                     

Total

                                                                                                     

        A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per ADS, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors by $             million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, our existing shareholders would own            ordinary shares or,         %, in the aggregate, Corning would own            ordinary shares or        % of our ordinary shares, and our new investors would own            ADSs in the aggregate, representing        % of our ordinary shares.

        The number of our ordinary shares to be outstanding after this offering and the concurrent private placement is based on the number of ordinary shares outstanding as of            , 2019.

        To the extent we grant options or other equity awards to our employees or members of our management board in the future, and those options or other equity awards are exercised in the future or other issuances of our ordinary shares are made, there will be further dilution to new investors.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

        We present below selected consolidated historical financial and other data for VIA optronics GmbH. The financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from VIA optronics GmbH's audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus and which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. We derived the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) data for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and the consolidated statement of financial position data as of March 31, 2019 from VIA optronics GmbH's unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        VIA optronics GmbH's historical results are not necessarily indicative of the financial results to be expected in any future periods. You should read this information in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Capitalization" and VIA optronics GmbH's audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,   Year Ended December 31,  
Consolidated Statement of
Operations and
Comprehensive Income/Loss:
 
  2019   2019   2018   2018   2018   2017  
 
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
   
 

Revenue

    $37,645     €32,878     €42,733     $196,573     €171,679     €131,031  

Cost of sales

    (34,763 )   (30,361 )   (37,912 )   (170,207 )   (148,652 )   (113,232 )

Gross profit

    2,882     2,517     4,821     26,366     23,027     17,799  

Selling expenses

    (1,208 )   (1,055 )   (859 )   (4,918 )   (4,295 )   (3,735 )

General administrative expenses

    (4,011 )   (3,503 )   (2,526 )   (16,589 )   (14,488 )   (7,988 )

Research and development expenses

    (460 )   (402 )   (197 )   (1,531 )   (1,337 )   (798 )

Other operating income (expenses), net(2)

    168     147     2,591     2,280     1,991     33  

Operating income/(loss)

    (2,629 )   (2,296 )   3,830     5,608     4,898     5,311  

Financial result

    (420 )   (367 )   (254 )   (1,308 )   (1,142 )   (696 )

Profit/(loss) before tax

    (3,049 )   (2,663 )   3,576     4,301     3,756     4,615  

Income tax expense

    834     728     (534 )   (433 )   (378 )   (1,262 )

Net profit/(loss)

    (2,215 )   (1,935 )   3,042     3,868     3,378     3,353  

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

    606     529     99     26     23     (165 )

Comprehensive income/(loss)

    (1,609 )   (1,406 )   3,141     3,894     3,401     3,188  

Earning/(loss) per share

                                     

Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing per share amounts

                                     

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  As of March 31,   As of December 31,  
Selected Consolidated Statement
of Financial Position Data:
  2019
(As Adjusted)(1)
  2019
(Actual)
  2019
(Actual)
  2018   2018   2018   2017  
 
  (€ in thousands)
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
   
 

Cash and cash equivalents

          $6,875     €5,989   2,325   $ 11,345   9,943   6,623  

Working capital

          (2,645 )   (2,310 )   540     1,432     1,251     3,683  

Total assets

          102,976     89,935     57,293     92,254     80,571     48,713  

Total liabilities

          88,298     77,116     43,329     75,968     66,348     40,109  

Shareholders' equity

          14,678     12,819     13,964     16,285     14,223     8,604  

 

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,   Year Ended December 31,  
Other Data:
  2019   2019   2018   2018   2018   2017  
 
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
   
 

Gross margin(3)

    7.7 %   7.7 %   11.3 %   13.4 %   13.4 %   13.6 %

EBITDA(4)

    $(913 )   €(797 )   €4,051   $ 9,286   8,110   5,940  

Adjusted EBITDA(4)

    (913 )   (797 )   4,193     10,465     9,140     6,436  

Adjusted net profit/(loss)(4)

    (2,214 )   (1,934 )   3,140     4,673     4,081     3,713  

Adjusted EBITDA margin(4)

    (2.4 )%   (2.4 )%   (9.8 )%   5.3 %   5.3 %   4.9 %

(1)
Amounts in this column are not audited and have been converted from euros to U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader at the noon buying rate of €1.00=US$1.145 as certified by the European Central Bank at December 31, 2018.

(2)
Amount is shown on a net basis solely for convenience of the reader. Please refer to VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus, for a presentation of Other operating income and Other operating expense on a gross basis.

(3)
We define gross margin as gross profit stated as a percentage of revenues.

(4)
Our management and supervisory boards utilize both IFRS and non-IFRS measures in a number of ways, including to facilitate the determination of our allocation of resources, to measure our performance against budgeted and forecasted financial plans and to establish and measure a portion of management's compensation.

    The non-IFRS measures used by our management and supervisory boards include:

      EBITDA, which we define as net profit/(loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization; for purposes of our EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

      Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as net profit/(loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our Adjusted EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

      Adjusted EBITDA margin, which we define as Adjusted EBITDA stated as a percentage of revenue; and

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      Adjusted net profit/(loss), which we define as net profit/(loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before the after tax impacts of acquisition related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our calculation of Adjusted Net Profit/(Loss), we calculate the tax impacts assuming application of an effective tax rate to VIA optronics GmbH of 31.8% and 27.4% for fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 31.8% for the first quarter of 2019 representing, in each case, the German statutory income tax rate, plus any applicable German solidarity surcharges plus any applicable municipal trade taxes.

    Our management and supervisory boards believe these non-IFRS measures are helpful tools in understanding certain aspects of our financial performance and are important supplemental measures of operating performance because they eliminate items that may have less bearing on our operating performance and highlight trends that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures. As an example, our VTS acquisition-related costs, such as costs attributable to the consummation of the transaction and integration of VTS as a consolidated subsidiary (composed substantially of professional services fees, including legal, accounting and other consultants) and any transition compensation costs, are not considered to be related to the continuing operation of VTS's business and are generally not relevant to assessing or estimating the long-term performance of VTS. We also believe that these non-IFRS measures are useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our performance because these measures are the same measures used by our management and supervisory boards for these purposes.

    While we use non-IFRS measures as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that these non-IFRS measures are a substitute for, or are superior to, the information provided by IFRS results. As such, the presentation of non-IFRS measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS. The primary limitations associated with the use of non-IFRS measures as compared to IFRS results are that non-IFRS measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in our industry and that non-IFRS measures may exclude financial information that some investors may consider important in evaluating our performance. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider our non-IFRS measures alongside the directly comparable IFRS-based financial performance measures, including our net profit/(loss), net profit margin and our other IFRS financial results. Management addresses the inherent limitations associated with using non-IFRS measures through disclosure of such limitations, presentation of our financial statements in accordance with IFRS and reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Adjusted Net Profit/(Loss) to the most directly comparable IFRS measure, net profit/(loss). Further, management also reviews IFRS measures and measures such as our level of capital expenditures, research & development expenditures, and interest expense, among other items.

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    Set forth below are reconciliations of each non-IFRS measure to the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with IFRS, in order to enable investors to perform their own analysis of our operating results.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,   Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2019   2019   2018   2018   2018   2017  
 
  ($ in thousands)(1)
  (€ in thousands)
  ($ in thousands)(A)
  (€ in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
   
 

Net profit/(loss)

  $ (2,214 ) (1,934 )   €3,044   $ 3,868   3,378   3,353  

Adjustments:

                                     

Financial result

    420     367     254     1,308     1,142     696  

Foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness

                        87  

Income tax expense (benefit)

    (835 )   (728 )   534     432     378     1,262  

Depreciation and amortization

    1,715     1,498     220     3,678     3,212     542  

EBITDA

    (913 )   (797 )   4,052     9,286     8,110     5,940  

Adjustments:

                                     

Acquisition-related costs

            74     1,024     894     496  

Offering costs

            68     156     136      

Adjusted EBITDA

    (913 )   (797 )   4,194     10,465     9,140     6,436  

Revenue

    37,645     32,878     42,733     196,572     171,679     131,031  

Adjusted EBITDA margin

    (2.4 )%   (2.4 )%   9.8 %   5.3 %   5.3 %   4.9 %

Net profit/(loss)

    (2,214 )   (1,934 )   3,044     3,868     3,378     3,353  

Adjustments:

                                     

Acquisition-related costs

            50     698     610     360  

Offering costs

            46     106     93      

Adjusted net profit/(loss)

    (2,214 )   (1,934 )   3,140     4,673     4,081     3,713  

(A)
Amounts in this column are not audited and have been converted from euros to U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader at the noon buying rate of €1.00=US$1.145 as certified by the European Central Bank at December 31, 2018.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled "Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data" and VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and opinions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences or cause our actual results or the timing of selected events to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements include those set forth under "Risk Factors," "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

        We are a leading provider of enhanced display solutions for multiple end markets in which superior functionality or durability is a critical differentiating factor. Our technology is particularly well-suited for demanding environments that pose technical and optical challenges for displays, such as bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures and condensation. Our solutions combine our expertise in integrated display head assembly and proprietary bonding technologies. We also develop, manufacture and sell an array of customized metal mesh touch sensors and electrode base film materials for use in touch panels. Our portfolio of offerings enables thin display designs and high optical clarity, which decreases power consumption and increases readability. We provide a wide range of customized display solutions across a broad range of display sizes, including curved display panels and solutions integrating multiple displays under one cover lens.

        A history of our product development, manufacturing and sales and marketing efforts is summarized as follows:

    Following our inception in 2006, we primarily focused on manufacturing and selling enhanced non-touch display solutions based on our optical bonding technology;

    Over time and in response to market demand, we began manufacturing and selling enhanced touch-enabled display solutions using our optical bonding technology, in addition to our traditional non-touch bonded displays, and offering optical bonding services and licensing of our MaxVU optical bonding processes offerings; and

    Following our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS, the assets and business operations of which were formerly wholly-owned by Toppan Printing Co. Ltd., or Toppan, on March 29, 2018 we gained access to VTS's metal mesh touch sensor production capabilities and technological design know-how. Through VTS, we are able to provide touch sensors in the production of our enhanced display solutions, expanding our own in-house display offerings, and we also sell metal mesh touch sensors directly (and through Toppan as the minority owner of VTS) to third-party customers.

        Since 2012, we have shipped more than 5.5 million displays worldwide and we have a proven track record of developing and delivering enhanced display solutions that meet our customers' quality and performance standards.

        As a result of the VTS acquisition in fiscal year 2018, our business was divided into two segments: a display solutions segment and a sensor technologies segment. Prior to 2018 and the acquisition of VTS, we operated in one segment.

        In our display solutions segment, we focus on the development, production and sale of integrated enhanced display solutions using our optical bonding technology. We provide optical bonding on either a consignment basis (meaning our customer directly sources all of the necessary product components

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and we apply our patented MaxVU bonding process to assemble such components) or a full service basis (meaning we source the necessary product components and perform the related optical bonding). We also offer licenses for our MaxVU optical bonding processes and sell related bonding equipment to select customers. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we generated €150.3 million and €131.0 million, respectively, in revenue from our display solutions segment and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated €25.7 million and €42.7 million, respectively, in revenue from that segment.

        In our sensor technologies segment, we focus on the development, production and sale of metal mesh touch sensors, both for use in our own enhanced display solutions and as component parts to third-party customers, and the development of other sensor components and technologies that can be incorporated into our integrated display solutions. We did not generate revenue from our sensor technologies prior to our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, and for the three month ended March 31, 2019, we generated €21.4 million and €7.2 million, respectively, in external revenue from our sensor technologies segment.

        We serve customers in a range of industries, including automotive, consumer electronics and industrial/specialized applications. Our offerings are foundational to our customers' products and our customers rely upon us to meet their demanding production and quality specifications, as well as their inventory and quantity requirements. Our sales process is principally geared towards enhanced display solutions using our optical bonding technology and customized metal mesh touch sensors. Following our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS, we have further integrated the utilization of metal mesh touch sensors in the production of our touch-enabled enhanced display solutions to the extent that these sensors are compatible with our customers' specifications. We also offer metal mesh touch sensors as a stand-alone product to third parties.

        Our customers and design partners include many of the world's largest display and system manufacturers in the automotive, consumer electronics and industrial/specialized applications markets. We principally sell our products to OEMs and Tier-1 automotive suppliers. Our technological expertise in combination with our deep customer collaborations enables us to act as a sole source supplier for certain customers, including, for example, select customers in ruggedized applications and some automotive customers. We market and sell our products and solutions primarily through our internal direct sales force, supported by outside sales representatives and distributors, including Toppan.

        We often have significant engagement with and act as a design partner to the OEMs, who may be our direct customers or our indirect customers through their Tier-1 suppliers. We believe that engaging with OEM customers in their design activities provides us with an advantage over competitors who are not engaged in OEM design activities and provides us with early visibility into our customers' technology and product roadmaps. This early access allows us to develop solutions that meet their long-term needs and best position ourselves for engagement on future business opportunities. We believe our track record of technological and product performance, high quality, cost effectiveness, and on-time deliveries have resulted in our position as a leading provider of optical bonding solutions and metal mesh touch sensors. We believe our strong relationship with our OEM and Tier-1 supplier customers, many of which are currently developing new products and applications that can incorporate our solutions, will also continue to position us as a source of supply for their future product offerings.

        Our customers' product life cycles vary significantly depending on their end market. The length of our product development and sales cycle in both of our segments, may vary from one to three years. Accordingly, revenues may be recognized significantly later than when a product is initially introduced for sale. Therefore, revenue from our current products, projects or customer portfolio is not necessarily an indicator of our future sales, because our future sales are likely to be comprised of a different mix of products.

        We report our results in euros, which we consider our functional currency.

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        In connection with this offering, we completed a corporate reorganization, pursuant to which VIA optronics AG became the holding company for VIA optronics GmbH and its subsidiaries, see "Description of Company History and Share Capital" for more information.

Key Business Metrics

        We monitor certain key operating metrics to help us evaluate trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations and gauge our cash generation, including:

    Revenue;

    Gross margin, which we define as gross profit stated as a percentage of revenues;

    EBITDA, which we define as net profit (loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization; for purposes of our EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

    Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as net profit (loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before financial result, taxes, depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our Adjusted EBITDA calculation, we define "financial result" to include financial result as calculated in accordance with IFRS and foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness;

    Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which we define as Adjusted EBITDA stated as a percentage of revenue; and

    Adjusted Net Profit (Loss), which we define as net profit (loss) calculated in accordance with IFRS before the after tax impacts of acquisition related costs incurred in connection with our acquisition of a 65% interest in VTS, including the effect of any acquisition fair value adjustment to revenue, and costs relating to the relocation of our headquarters to Nuremberg; for purposes of our calculation of Adjusted Net Profit (Loss), we calculate the tax impacts assuming application of an effective tax rate to VIA optronics GmbH of 31.8% and 27.4% for fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and of 31.8% for the first quarter of 2019 representing, in each case, the German statutory income tax rate, plus any applicable German solidarity surcharges plus any applicable municipal trade taxes.

        These metrics include both IFRS and non-IFRS measures. Our management and supervisory boards utilize both IFRS and non-IFRS measures in a number of ways, including to facilitate the determination of our allocation of resources, to measure our performance against budgeted and forecasted financial plans and to establish and measure a portion of management's compensation. Our management and supervisory boards believe these non-IFRS measures are helpful tools in understanding certain aspects of our financial performance and are important supplemental measures of operating performance because they eliminate items that may have less bearing on our operating performance and highlight trends that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on IFRS financial measures. As an example, our VTS acquisition-related costs, such as costs attributable to the consummation of the transaction and integration of VTS as a consolidated subsidiary (composed substantially of professional services fees, including legal, accounting and other consultants) and any transition compensation costs, are not considered to be related to the continuing operation of VTS's business and are generally not relevant to assessing or estimating the long-term performance of VTS. We also believe that these non-IFRS measures are useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our performance because these measures are the same measures used by our management and supervisory boards for these purposes.

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        While we use non-IFRS measures as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that these non-IFRS measures are a substitute for, or are superior to, the information provided by IFRS results. As such, the presentation of non-IFRS measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS. The primary limitations associated with the use of non-IFRS measures as compared to IFRS results are that non-IFRS measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in our industry and that non-IFRS measures may exclude financial information that some investors may consider important in evaluating our performance. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider our non-IFRS measures alongside the directly comparable IFRS-based financial performance measures, including our net profit/(loss), net profit margin and our other IFRS financial results. Management addresses the inherent limitations associated with using non-IFRS measures through disclosure of such limitations, presentation of our financial statements in accordance with IFRS and reconciliation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Adjusted Net Profit/(Loss) to the most directly comparable IFRS measure, net profit/(loss). Further, management also reviews IFRS measures and measures such as our level of capital expenditures, research & development expenditures, and interest expense, among other items.

        Set forth below are reconciliations of each non-IFRS measure to the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with IFRS, in order to enable investors to perform their own analysis of our operating results.

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
  Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2019   2018   2018   2017  
 
  (€ in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
 

Net profit/(loss)

    €(1,934 )   €3,044     €3,378     €3,353  

Adjustments:

                         

Financial result

    367     254     1,142     696  

Foreign exchange gains (losses) on intercompany indebtedness

                87  

Income tax expense (benefit)

    (728 )   534     378     1,262  

Depreciation and amortization

    1,498     220     3,212     542  

EBITDA

    (797 )   4,052     8,110     5,940  

Adjustments:

                         

Acquisition-related costs

        74     894     496  

Relocation costs

        68     136      

Adjusted EBITDA

    (797 )   4,194     9,140     6,436  

Revenue

    32,878     42,733     171,679     131,031  

Adjusted EBITDA margin

    (2.4 )%   9.8 %   5.3 %   4.9 %

Net profit/(loss)

    (1,934 )   3,044     3,378     3,353  

Adjustments:

                         

Acquisition-related costs

        50     610     360  

Relocation costs

        46     93      

Adjusted net profit/(loss)

    (1,934 )   3,140     4,081     3,713  

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Key Factors Impacting our Results of Operations

        Our business and historical financial condition and results of operations have been affected by a number of important factors that we believe will continue to affect our financial condition and results of operations in the future. Our results are primarily affected by the following factors:

        Success of Design Wins with Potential and Existing Customers.    We believe our enhanced display solutions offer high-quality and advanced functionality, which combined with our ability to meet our customers' production volume requirements makes us an attractive choice to existing and potential customers. In order to get our solutions designed into OEMs' products, we work with our current and potential OEMs and/or their Tier-1 or other suppliers to understand their product roadmaps and strategies. We incur costs, including research and development costs relating to design engineering and prototype manufacturing, in connection with our pursuit of new design wins, that may not be accompanied by or lead to revenues, including with respect to projects for which our customers may not purchase our solutions even after we have obtained a design win due to factors unrelated to the quality or availability of our solutions. We consider design wins to be critical to our future success. We define a design win as the successful completion of the evaluation stage, where an OEM has tested our product, verified that our product meets its requirements, qualified our integrated display solutions for their products and delivered a letter to us indicating that we have been awarded the project. The revenue that we generate, if any, from each design win and the cost incurred to achieve each design win can vary significantly. Our sales expectations are based on forecasts from our existing customers, internal estimates of existing and potential customer demands and internal estimates of overall market trends. We anticipate our costs in connection with new design wins to increase as we pursue additional opportunities with new and existing customers.

        Investment in Growth.    We have invested in, and intend to continue making investments to expand our operations, increase our headcount, develop our products and differentiated technologies to support our growth and expand our infrastructure. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we incurred capital expenditures of €2,374,230 in connection with continued investments in technical equipment, machines and other equipment in furtherance of our goal of becoming an integrated display system provider. We expect our total operating expenses to increase, potentially significantly, in the foreseeable future to meet our growth objectives. We plan to continue to invest in our sales and support operations to further broaden our support and coverage of our existing customer base, in addition to developing new customer relationships and generating design wins. We also intend to continue to invest additional resources in research and development to support the development of our products and differentiated technologies. Any investments we make in our sales and marketing organization or research and development will occur in advance of experiencing any benefits from such investments, and the return on these investments may be lower than we expect or nonexistent. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, our research and development expenses were €1,336,840 and €797,999, respectively and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our research and development expenses were €401,803 and €196,762, respectively. This includes amounts to support research and development efforts initiated in prior periods and therefore not related to new client acquisitions or future product development. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase, potentially significantly, in the future as we pursue additional opportunities.

        Pricing and Product Cost.    Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including the timing of changes in pricing, changes in our product mix, shipment volumes, market prices for our customers' products, changes in the purchase price of our raw materials and changes in the purchase price of third-party components integrated into our enhanced display solutions and direct labor costs. In general, newly introduced products and products with higher performance and functionality, as well as more complex displays used in more challenging and demanding environments (such as industrial applications), tend to be priced higher than more mature products or products with fewer features (such as in the consumer market). We expect that in certain cases the average selling

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prices during the life cycle of our project related products can decline as they mature. When selling prices decline, we seek to offset this effect by reducing our costs of raw materials and components as part of our overall manufacturing expenses. If we are unable to maintain overall average selling prices or offset any declines in average selling prices with realized savings on product costs, our gross margin will decline.

        The Ability of our Customers to Produce and Sell Their Products.    Our customers generally use our products and solutions as a component or a portion of their offerings to their own customers, who in turn sell these offerings to end users. Accordingly, our success depends in large part on the ability of our customers to market and sell their offerings that incorporate our products and solutions. Our customers' product offerings are usually complex and may involve many different systems and components, and their ability to sell their products depends on many factors, including the availability of component parts, raw materials and other necessary services; the proper functioning of each of these components and the timeliness and effectiveness of their own processes. Supply delays, raw material shortages or the failure or under-performance of components unrelated to our products and solutions may impact our business even when we are able to deliver our products and services timely and defect-free. These factors may cause delays in our customers' production cycles, may cause our customers to cut back or delay their purchases of our products and solutions or may lead them to cease purchases from us entirely for periods of time while they address their production issues. Because our customer agreements typically do not specify minimum order requirements by our customers, our customers usually have no obligation to purchase our solutions if they experience supply issues unrelated to our solutions, or to make any prepayments to us. This dynamic materially affected our revenues in the first quarter of 2019, as described below, during which a global shortage of Intel microprocessor chips led our largest customers to delay orders from us. Based on currently available industry reports and public comments from Intel, Inc., we anticipate that the production delays impacting these customers due to this chip shortage will be resolved in 2019, however, there is no assurance that such delays will not persist, including for an extended period of time.

        Product Development Efforts and Product Lifecycles of our Existing and Potential Customers.    Our customers' product life cycles, or the time they wish to purchase and use a particular design, vary significantly depending on their end market, typically lasting multiple years. Based on our experience, we typically expect life cycles to be approximately 1 to 1.5 years for consumer electronics, 3 to 7 years in automotive and 3 to 10 or more years in industrial/specialized applications. We estimate our customers' product life cycles on a case-by-case basis, given the close contacts we have with our customers. We typically commence commercial shipments from 12 months to up to 7 years following a design win, and those shipments can continue for a period exceeding 10 years, depending on the end market or application.

        Volatility of Revenues and Operating Cost Levels Due to Currency Exchange Fluctuations.    With our multinational presence and our need to source materials from multiple locations to produce our enhanced display solutions, we incur revenues and operating costs in currencies other than the euro. Any currency fluctuation can lead to a corresponding effect on those revenues and operating costs. Additional information on transaction and currency translation risks and our efforts to manage them are contained in "—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk."

        Identification, Consummation and Integration of Acquisitions.    Our results of operations for 2018 have been affected by our acquisition of a majority interest in and the resulting consolidation of VTS on March 29, 2018. In particular, as a result of the VTS acquisition, our results for the year ended December 31, 2018 are not comparable to those for the year ended December 31, 2017. On March 29, 2018 we acquired a 65% interest in VTS from Toppan for a purchase price of €1.3 million. VTS is a newly formed entity that until its formation in connection with our acquisition was a portion of the operations of Toppan. Prior to its formation as VTS, the employment relationships, machinery and equipment were provided from Toppan's existing business. We acquired our interest in VTS to gain

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access to VTS's metal mesh touch sensor production capabilities to enable us to integrate touch sensors in our enhanced display solution product offerings. Upon closing, we have consolidated VTS into our 2018 financial statements and have recorded the non-controlling interests in VTS in equity at fair value.

        Part of our strategy is to acquire and consolidate complementary businesses or technologies, including research and development capabilities, where possible and on favorable terms. Any future acquisitions could limit year-to-year comparisons of our results of operations. We may also incur substantial debt, issue additional equity securities or use other funding sources to fund future acquisitions. The efforts in integrating newly-acquired companies may affect our results of operations as well as divert management attention and other resources.

Key Components of our Results of Operations

        We consider a variety of performance and financial metrics to assess the performance of our business. The following discussion describes the components of our income statement and certain key factors affecting our results of operations.

    Revenue

        Substantially all of our revenue is derived from the sale of our enhanced display solutions and metal mesh touch sensors. We also derive revenue from the provision of optical bonding services and from licensing of our optical bonding process and related sale of equipment.

    Cost of Sales

        Our total cost of sales consists of the costs associated with the manufacturing (including raw materials costs) and distribution of our products, and other costs (e.g., depreciation and amortization, production-related personnel expenses, freight expenses, inventory write downs, repair of production machinery, rework, warehousing and product warranty).

    Gross Profit

        Our gross profit consists of the difference between our revenue and our cost of sales.

    Selling Expenses

        Our selling expenses mainly consist of personnel expenses (including wages, salaries and bonuses, and social security costs) for our sales and marketing staff, marketing and advertising expenses, internal cost allocations, travel and other expenses. Other expenses include rental fees, car fleet expenses, depreciation and amortization, and sales representative and distributor commissions. Our marketing and advertising expenses are comprised of fees for our attendance at industry fairs, advertisements, press services, web-based marketing as well as other marketing expenses, including product samples used to market our solutions. As a result of our continued international expansion and increasing complexity of our enhanced display solutions, as well as anticipated increases in revenues, we believe that our total selling expenses are likely to increase both in absolute terms and as a percentage of revenues over the next few years.

    General Administrative Expenses

        Our general administrative expenses mainly consist of personnel expenses (including wages, salaries and bonuses, and social security costs) for our administrative staff, rent, building and maintenance expenses as well as other expenses. The other expenses include items such as legal, consulting and audit fees, general maintenance expenses, fees for third party services, depreciation and amortization, travel expenses as well as insurance premiums. As a public company, we expect our general administrative expenses to increase both in absolute terms and as a percentage of revenues as we are required to deploy additional resources to comply with the increased capital markets, financial reporting and regulatory requirements.

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    Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

        We incur R&D expenses in connection with the design and development of our solutions, including to improve the technical capabilities of our product offerings generally and in connection with project-based client-driven specifications and requirements. Our R&D expenses consist of personnel expenses, fees for third-party R&D services, supplies and other expenses. We expect that our R&D expenses will grow with our revenue and could increase as a percentage of revenue to the extent that our development and design costs, specifically within automotive applications, increase.

        We incur R&D costs in relation to internal research and development projects. Product development costs under IFRS are generally required to be capitalized if the product being developed is technically and commercially viable, the costs of the development can be measured reliably, there are probable future economic benefits from the development and we have sufficient intent and resources to complete the development and use or sell the resulting asset. Other development expenditures that do not meet these criteria are recognized as incurred. We expense research costs as incurred. We have not capitalized any development costs through the year ended December 31, 2018.

    Other Operating Income and Expenses

        Our other operating income and expense consists of income from foreign currency transaction gains or losses, losses on disposal of fixed assets, non-income taxes, bad debt provisions, damages/insurance proceeds, indemnities due to inadequate quality of third-party materials received by us, and miscellaneous income or expense. Foreign currency transaction gains or losses arise from transactions denominated in a foreign currency when the transaction date and settlement date differs.

    Financial Result

        Financial result is financial income less financial expenses. Financial income consists of interest income on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest income is recognized as it accrues, using the effective interest method. Financial expenses include interest expenses related to our financing facilities and the impact of currency exchange fluctuations on the principal balance of our outstanding financing facilities that are denominated in currencies other than euros.

    Income Tax Expenses

        The income tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred income tax. Income taxes are recognized in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

    Exchange Differences on Translation of Foreign Operations

        Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations are primarily driven by fluctuations between the euro and functional currencies of our subsidiaries which include the Japanese yen, Chinese renminbi and US dollar and are recognized in other comprehensive income.

Other Categories of Expenses Affecting Results

    Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

        Depreciation and amortization expenses are included in our cost of sales, general administrative and selling expenses. Following our adoption of IFRS 16, effective January 1, 2019, our depreciation expenses are primarily related to our rental and lease costs and the equipment we use in the development and production of our products. Our amortization expenses are primarily related to the amortization of other intangible assets such as patents and software licenses, and beginning in 2018 following the acquisition of VTS, amortization of intangible assets, primarily, customer relationships.

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The table below sets forth the allocation of our depreciation and amortization expenses among our cost of sales, general administrative and selling expenses:

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31,
  Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2019   2018   2018   2017  
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
 
 
  (€ in thousands)
 

Cost of sales

    1,182     168     2,675     288  

General administrative expenses

    192     52     180     254  

Selling expenses

    124         357      

Total depreciation and amortization expenses

    1,498     220     3,212     542  

    Deferred Offering Costs

        As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, we had capitalized €2,060,706 and €4,060,262 in deferred offering costs, respectively. These costs are comprised of fees and expenses of professional advisers, as well as travel costs, as of March 31, 2019. The deferred costs will be reclassified to shareholders' equity and offset against IPO proceeds upon completion of the offering. In the event the offering is abandoned or terminated, deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

Results of Operations

        The following table sets forth data from our statement of operations and other comprehensive income/loss both on an actual basis and as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31,    
   
 
 
  Period over Period Change
(2019 v. 2018)
 
 
  2019   2018  
 
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage
of Revenue
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage
of Revenue
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage  
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
 

Revenue

    32,878     100 %   42,733     100 %   (9,855 )   (23.1 )%

Cost of sales

    (30,361 )   92.3     (37,912 )   88.7     (7,551 )   (19.9 )

Gross profit

    2,517     7.7     4,821     11.3     (2,304 )   (47.8 )

Selling expenses

    (1,055 )   3.2     (859 )   2.0     196     22.8  

General administrative expenses

    (3,503 )   10.7     (2,526 )   5.9     977     38.7  

Research and development expenses

    (402 )   1.2     (197 )   0.5     205     104.1  

Other operating income (expenses), net(1)

    147     0.4     2,591     6.1     (2,444 )   (94.3 )

Operating income

    (2,296 )   7.0     3,830     9.0     (6,126 )   (159.9 )

Financial result

    (367 )   1.1     (254 )   0.6     (113 )   (44.5 )

Profit/(loss) before tax

    (2,663 )   8.1     3,576     8.4     (6,239 )   (174.5 )

Income tax benefit/(expense)

    728     2.2     (534 )   1.2     1,262     236.3  

Net (loss)/profit

    (1,935 )   5.9     3,042     7.1     (4,977 )   (163.6 )

Other comprehensive income

                                     

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

    529     1.6     99     0.2     430     434.4  

Comprehensive income/(loss)

    (1,406 )   4.3     3,141     7.4     (4,547 )   (144.8 )

(1)
Amount is shown on a net basis solely for convenience of the reader. Please refer to VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus, for a presentation of Other operating income and Other operating expense on a gross basis.

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Revenue

        Our revenue decreased €9,855,547, or 23.1%, to €32,877,843 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €42,733,390 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (which represented a record for first quarter revenue since our inception). Revenue from our display solutions segment decreased €17,029,584, or 39.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was partially offset by the addition of €7,174,038 from our sensor technologies segment which came into existence when we closed our purchase of VTS on March 28, 2018. The decline in revenue from our display solutions segment was primarily driven by a €21,349,478 reduction in revenue from our two largest customers, Dell and Mutto, which related to significant slowdowns caused by delays in their production processes due to the global shortage in Intel microprocessor chips that are central to their product offerings. Additionally, the decline resulted from a reduction in sales within the Chinese market, including a reduction in end-user demand for our customers' products, and a decline in revenue from one sizeable customer within the industrial/specialized applications market. Our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was also impacted by accelerated customer orders placed during the final three months of 2018, which we previously anticipated to be made during the first three months of 2019. These declines were partially offset by €4,682,364 in increased revenue from certain key customers within the automotive and industrial/specialized applications markets. Based on public comments from Intel and our customers and other currently available information, we anticipate that the production delays impacting our two largest customers will be resolved in 2019, however, there is no assurance that such delays will not persist.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

        Costs of sales decreased €7,551,016, or 19.9%, to €30,360,889 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €37,911,905 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which generally corresponds with the decline in revenue for the relevant period. Total gross profit decreased €2,304,353, or 47.8%, to €2,516,954 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from €4,821,485 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. All of our revenue and gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was realized from our display solutions segment. Gross profit/(loss) from our display solutions and sensor technologies segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was €2,806,301 and €(289,347), respectively, after eliminating inter-segment consolidation adjustments of €249,706. Our gross profit for our display solutions segment decreased €2,015,184, or 41.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily driven by the amount of our costs that are fixed costs and therefore unaffected by changes in our revenues. We also experienced a reduction in license revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and such revenue is associated with high gross margin impact. Our total gross margin was 7.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 which decreased 3.6 percentage points as compared to a total gross margin of 11.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Gross margin for our display solutions segment was 10.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, while gross margin for our sensor technologies segment was significantly lower at (3.9)%. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the gross profit and gross margin in our sensor technologies segment was negatively impacted by inventory stock costs relating to our purchase of third party metal mesh films to satisfy heightened demand for specific projects, which are more expensive than films produced by VTS, and related costs and expenses incurred in connection with using such films.

Selling Expenses

        Our selling expenses increased €195,655, or 22.8%, to €1,054,581 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €858,926 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in our selling expenses primarily relates to the inclusion of €97,494 in expenses relating to our sensor technologies segment, which did not affect our consolidated results for the three months ended

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March 31, 2018. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in selling expenses of €143,432 associated with our headquarters location.

General Administrative Expenses

        Our general administrative expenses increased €977,036, or 38.7%, to €3,502,569 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €2,525,533 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase was mainly due to the inclusion of €444,635 in expenses relating to our sensor technologies segment which did not affect our consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and €423,050 in consulting and auditing costs.

Research and Development Expenses

        Our research and development expenses increased €205,041, or 104.1%, to €401,803 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €196,762 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase was mainly due to €205,199 in research and development expenses relating to our sensor technologies segment, which did not affect our consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Other Operating Income and Other Operating Expenses

        On a net basis, other operating income (expense), decreased €2,443,883 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to €147,494 as compared to €2,591,377 in the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease is primarily due to the absence of a €2,657,032 bargain purchase gain associated with our VTS acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Other operating income and expenses was further impacted by €32,803 in exchange gains and losses, €81,932 in income from the release of a bad debt allowance and €324,558 in other partially offsetting miscellaneous income and expense items.

Financial Result

        Our financial result decreased by €112,585, or 44.5%, to €366,749 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to a loss of €254,167 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease almost entirely relates to increased interest expenses on our borrowings under our bank loans.

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Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

Results of Operations

        The following table sets forth our statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income data both on an actual basis and as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

 
  Year Ended December 31,    
   
 
 
  Period over Period Change
(2018 v. 2017)
 
 
  2018   2017  
 
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage
of Revenue
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage
of Revenue
  Amount
(€ in thousands)
  Percentage  

Revenue

    171,679     100 %   131,031     100 %   40,648     31.0 %

Cost of sales

    (148,652 )   86.6     (113,232 )   86.4     35,420     31.3  

Gross profit

    23,027     13.4     17,799     13.6     5,228     29.4  

Selling expenses

    (4,295 )   2.5     (3,735 )   2.9     560     15.0  

General administrative expenses

    (14,488 )   8.4     (7,988 )   6.1     6,500     81.4  

Research and development expenses

    (1,337 )   0.8     (798 )   0.6     539     67.5  

Other operating income (expenses), net(1)

    1,991     1.2     33     0.0     1,958     5,933.3  

Operating income

    4,898     2.9     5,311     4.1     (413 )   (7.8 )

Financial result

    (1,142 )   0.7     (696 )   0.5     446     64.1  

Profit before tax

    3,756     2.2     4,615     3.5     (859 )   (18.6 )

Income tax expense

    (378 )   0.2     (1,262 )   1.0     (884 )   (70.0 )

Net profit

    3,378     2.0     3,353     2.6     25     0.7  

Other comprehensive income

                                     

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

    23     0.0     (165 )   0.1     188     113.9  

Comprehensive income

    3,401     2.0     3,188     2.4     213     6.7  

(1)
Amount is shown on a net basis solely for convenience of the reader. Please refer to VIA optronics GmbH's consolidated financial statements and related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus, for a presentation of Other operating income and Other operating expense on a gross basis.

Revenue

        Our revenues increased €40,647,483, or 31.0%, to €171,678,894 in 2018 as compared to €131,031,411 in 2017. This increase was mainly due to the addition of €21,363,541 of revenue generated by our sensor technologies segment following our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS on March 29, 2018. Revenue from our display solutions segment increased €19,283,942, or 14.7%, in 2018. This was primarily due to increased sales of €19,994,407 and €4,223,704 within the Chinese and North American markets, respectively, driven by increased sales to certain significant customers in these markets, which was partially offset by a €4,934,171 reduction in sales in EMEA. The total number of displays sold in our display solutions segment during 2018 remained relatively flat, however, the average selling price of such displays increased at levels generally in line with our percentage increase in our revenues during 2018.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

        Costs of sales increased €35,420,377, or 31.3%, to €148,651,889 in 2018 as compared to €113,231,512 in 2017, which is generally in line with our growth in revenue. Total gross profit increased €

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5,227,106, or 29.4%, to €23,027,005 in 2018 from €17,799,899 in 2017. All of our revenue and gross profit in 2017 was realized from our display solutions segment. Gross profit from our display solutions and sensor technologies segments in 2018 was €20,457,591 and €2,344,955, respectively, after eliminating inter-segment consolidation adjustments of €224,459. Our gross profit for our display solutions segment increased €2,657,692, or 14.9%, in 2018 as compared to 2017, primarily relating to the high gross profit and favorable margin from our VIA Suzhou operations. Our total gross margin of 13.4% in 2018 remained largely flat as compared to a total gross margin of 13.6% in 2017. Gross margin for our display solutions segment was 13.6%, while gross margin for our sensor technologies segment was slightly lower at 11.0%. This is primarily due to the fact that our metal mesh touch sensors are generally more costly to produce than our display solutions. We expect the gross margin for our sensor technologies segment to increase as we gain more experience operating VTS.

Selling Expenses

        Our selling expenses increased €560,305, or 15.0%, to €4,295,235 in 2018 as compared to €3,734,930 in 2017. The increase in our selling expenses primarily relates to increases in our employee benefits of €753,957, depreciation and amortization of €356,331 and purchased services of €182,365, which amount was partially offset by a decrease in lease and contingent rent expenses of €852,012.

General Administrative Expenses

        Our general administrative expenses increased €6,499,626, or 81.4%, to €14,488,116 in 2018 as compared to €7,988,490 in 2017. This increase was mainly due to the significant increase in our employee headcount resulting in higher personnel expenses attributable to our acquisition of a majority of VTS on March 29, 2018. This increase was mainly due to higher vehicle and travel expenses of €2,309,241, employee benefits of €1,903,324, consultancy and audit costs of €806,277, lease and contingent rent of €718,980 as well as taxes, other dues and charges of €355,810. Our general administrative expenses increased significantly as a percentage of our revenue in 2018 to 8.4%.

Research and Development Expenses

        Our research and development expenses increased €538,841, or 67.5%, to €1,336,840 in 2018 as compared to €797,999 in 2017. This increase was mainly due to the costs of purchased services by VTS and higher consumption of materials, including quality and testing equipment, to support existing and future research and development projects. Research and development expenses increased as a percentage of our revenues to 0.8% in 2018 from 0.6% in 2017.

Other Operating Income and Other Operating Expenses

        On a net basis, other operating income (expense), increased €1,958,591 in 2018 to €1,991,197 as compared to €32,605 in 2017. This increase is primarily due to our recognition of a €2,992,660 bargain purchase gain associated with our acquisition of a majority of VTS, which was partially offset by a €954,484 increase in miscellaneous other operating expenses, such as tooling expenses, off-site expenses and customs duties. The relationship of our exchange gains and losses in 2018 remained essentially flat as compared to 2017.

Financial Result

        Our financial result increased €445,581, or 64.0%, to €1,141,591 in 2018 as compared to €696,010 in 2017. This increase almost entirely relates to increased interest expenses of €1,140,047 on our borrowings under our bank loans due to a €17,890,788 increase in the aggregate amount of our outstanding borrowings in 2018, which was principally driven by increased working capital requirements and the establishment of a new working capital loan to support VTS's operations in Japan.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

        To date, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our products and services, including licensing, as well as borrowings under our working capital and equipment financing facilities. As of March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of €5,989,479 and we had access to eight credit and equipment financing facilities, three of which were with banks located in Germany, three of which were with banks located in China and one of which was with a bank located in Japan. We have an aggregate availability of €14.1 million under the German facilities, CNY170 million under the Chinese facilities and 500 million Japanese yen under the Japanese facilities to support our short-term working capital and capital expenditure requirements, of which €11,683 million, CNY128.3 million and 466.6 million Japanese yen, respectively, or €32,449,660 in the aggregate, were outstanding as of March 31, 2019 as compared to an aggregate of €30,505,046 outstanding as of December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, the blended interest rate of these facilities was 1.97% for the German facilities, 4.6% to 5% for the Chinese facilities and less than 1.0% for the Japanese facilities. These facilities generally require repayment within six months except for the long term Japanese facility which matures on October 31, 2023. We are not bound by any restrictive covenants with respect to these working capital facilities, however the subsidiaries that are borrowers under certain of these bank loans have pledged a portion of their receivables to the applicable lender up to the drawn balance of the respective loans to support the obligations under such loans. Historically we have been able to obtain replacement working capital financing upon the maturity of our bank loans.

        In addition, we have an arrangement with Intel for the financing of a production line in China under which €939,598 remained outstanding as of December 31, 2018 at a current interest rate of 3.53%. We have been repaying the Intel loan on a quarterly basis and currently anticipate repayment through December 31, 2019.

        We generally receive payment from our customers within 60-90 days of the date of delivery of our products and services to our customers and maintain 30-60 day payment terms with our suppliers. We have historically used cash generated from our operations and short-term borrowings under our existing working capital financing facilities to fund our working capital requirements.

Future Capital Requirements

        We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds of this offering and availability under our current or future working capital and equipment financing facilities, will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate and any acquisitions we may complete. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may be unable to raise the funds on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Cash flows

 
  Three Months
Ended
March 31,
  Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2019   2018   2018   2017  
 
  (unaudited)
   
   
 
 
  (€ in thousands)
 

Net cash used in operating activities

    (4,533 )   (7,309 )   (8,903 )   (2,041 )

Net cash used in investing activities

    (614 )   (2,289 )   (3,822 )   (1,167 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

    1,261     5,325     15,994     3,752  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    (3,886 )   (4,274 )   3,269     544  

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period

    5,989     2,325     9,943     6,623  

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Net cash used in operating activities

        Our net cash used in operating activities decreased €2,776,727 to €4,532,548 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €7,309,275 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This decrease corresponds to the general reduction in our sales activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.

        In 2018, our net cash used in operating activities increased €6,862,317 to €8,903,454 as compared to €2,041,137 for 2017. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our trade and other receivables of €15,701,254 primarily related to our general increase in sales volume. This was partially offset by an increase in deferred income taxes and taxes payable of €3,624,634 and a decrease in our inventories of €1,344,330, which primarily related to VTS having a different inventory cycle than our display solutions segment.

        In 2017, our net cash used in operating activities was €2,041,137, which was primarily driven by a €15,483,667 increase in our inventories which was driven by increased sales activity over the prior period. This was partially offset by increases in our trade and other payable of €6,891,676 and provisions and employee benefits of €1,661,749, which primarily related to our increased sales and the general growth of our business operations.

Net cash used in investing activities

        Our net cash used in investing activities decreased €1,675,419 to €613,773 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to €2,289,192 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Most of this decrease relates to the absence of the one-time use of cash to acquire VTS during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

        In 2018, our net cash used in investing activities was €3,821,822, representing an increase of €2,655,258 as compared to 2017. This increase primarily related to our payment of €1,286,356 in purchase price for our 65% interest in VTS, net of cash acquired in the acquisition, and increases in the costs of related acquired property and equipment an intangible assets relating to VTS.

        In 2017, our net cash used in investing activities of €1,166,564 consisted primarily of €1,055,326 in costs of acquired property and equipment and €113,814 in the cost of acquired intangible assets.

Net cash provided by financing activities

        For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had net cash provided by financing activities of €1,260,502 as a result of our receipt of €12,628,323 in proceeds from borrowings under our working capital loans, largely offset by €10,698,302 in loan repayments, €280,830 in interest paid on our outstanding working capital loans and €388,689 in payments of lease liabilities.

        In 2018, we had net cash provided by financing activities of €15,993,868 as a result of our receipt of €57,975,438 in proceeds from borrowings under our working capital loans, primarily offset by €41,284,325 in loan repayments and €697,245 in interest paid on our outstanding working capital loans.

        In 2017, we had net cash provided by financing activities of €3,752,070 as a result of our receipt of €28,048,840 in proceeds from borrowings under our working capital loans, primarily offset by €23,655,058 in loan repayments and €641,712 in interest paid on our outstanding working capital loans.

Contractual Obligations

        Our principal longer-term contractual obligations consist of operating leases for our facilities and obligations under our existing working capital and equipment financing facilities.

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        The following table sets forth information on our contractual obligations by due date as of December 31, 2018:

 
  December 31, 2018  
 
  (€ in thousands)  
 
  Total   Less than
1 year
  1 - 5 years   More than
5 years
 

Bank overdrafts, lines of credit and long-term debt

    30,505     27,394     3,111      

Leases(1):

                         

Operating

    6,886     2,514     3,498     874  

Total

    37,391     29,908     6,609     874  

(1)
We adopted IFRS 16, effective as of January 1, 2019, which impacts the classification of operating and finance leases.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

        Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance or special purpose entities.

Impact of Inflation

        Our consolidated statement of comprehensive income and consolidated statement of financial position are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our consolidated statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position have been immaterial.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

        We are exposed to market risk from fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. The market risk is the risk that the fair value or the future cash flow of a financial instrument fluctuates due to changes in the market prices. The primary market risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.

Interest Rate Risk

        Interest rate risk includes the influence of positive and negative changes to interest rates on our profit, equity, or cash flow in the current or any future reporting period. Interest rate risks from financial instruments arise mainly in connection with financial liabilities, including borrowings under our existing working capital and equipment financing facilities. With the amount of cash and cash equivalents and financial instruments that we maintained at December 31, 2018, a hypothetical increase or decrease of one percentage point, or 100 basis points, in interest rates, would not have had a material effect on our financial statements.

Foreign Exchange Risk

        We are exposed to currency risk to the extent that there is a mismatch between the currencies in which sales, purchases/expenses and borrowings are denominated and the respective functional currencies of our group companies. Our functional currency is the euro. The currencies in which transactions are primarily denominated are euros, U.S. dollars, Japanese yen and Chinese renminbi.

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        The foreign exchange risks we face result from translation risk and transaction risk.

        Translation risk describes the risk from changes to the statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income items of a subsidiary due to changes to the exchange rates when converting local individual financial statements into presentation currency. The changes caused by currency fluctuations when translating statement of financial position items are recognized in equity. We are currently exposed to translation risk with respect to three subsidiaries, specifically with respect to translation of U.S. dollars, Chinese renminbi and Japanese yen to euros, our currency for financial reporting purposes. There is no hedging of this risk.

        Transaction risk is the risk that the value of future foreign payments may change due to exchange rate fluctuations. We operate internationally and are exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to euros. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations.

Credit Risk

        Credit risk, also known as risk of default, is the risk that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Our credit risk arises principally from our receivables from customers and varies from customer to customer. We conduct extensive credit assessments of our customers during the customer acquisition phase. Thereafter, outstanding receivables from customers are monitored regularly and put through a formal collection process in order to convert such receivables to cash. Any remaining credit risk is reviewed and provided for individually.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Estimates and Judgments

        The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about or changes in these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities for future periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments.

        We based our assumptions and estimates on parameters available when our consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising beyond our control. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

        For a comprehensive description of our critical accounting policies refer to Note 2 in the notes to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this registration statement for a description of all of our significant accounting policies.

        The following paragraphs discuss the items that we believe are the critical accounting policies most affected by significant management estimates and judgments.

Revenue

        For certain projects within our display solutions segment, we enter into contracts with our customers to acquire, on their behalf, displays produced by third-party suppliers. Under these contracts, we provide procurement services. We determined that we control the goods before they are transferred to customers, and we have the ability to direct the use of the displays or obtain benefits from the displays. The following factors indicate that we control the goods before they are being transferred to customers.

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    We are primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified displays;

    We assume inventory risk before or the specified displays have been transferred to the customer as we purchase the specified displays and take them into inventory before the displays are bonded and shipped to our customers; and

    We have discretion in establishing the price for the specified displays.

        Therefore, we determined that we are principal in these contracts. The actual amount of revenue recognized could differ from the values derived from these judgments made if conditions change and such changes have an impact on the assumptions or judgments used.

Contingent Liabilities

        From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations. Periodically, and at year end, we review the status of all significant outstanding matters to assess the potential financial exposure.

        When (i) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record the estimated loss in our consolidated statements of operations. We provide disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for loss contingencies that do not meet both of these conditions if there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred that would be material to the financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred and whether such liability is reasonably estimable. We base accruals made on the best information available at the time, which can be highly subjective. The final outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Purchase Price Allocation and Acquisitions

        We assign the value of the consideration transferred to acquire a business to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition.

        When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make significant estimates and assumptions. We generally base the measurement of fair value on the present value of future discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting unit based on the present value of the cash flows that we expect the reporting unit to generate in the future. Our significant estimates in the discounted cash flows model include our forecasted revenues, weighted average cost of capital as well as the term of use of the tangible assets.

        Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.

Taxes

        We record income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the

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carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, as well as other relevant factors. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.

Provision for Expected Credit Losses of Trade Receivables and Contract Assets

        We use a provision matrix to calculate expected credit losses, or ECLs, for trade receivables. The provision rates are based on days past due for customers that have similar loss patterns.

        The provision matrix is initially based on our historical observed default rates. We then calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. For instance, if forecast economic conditions are expected to deteriorate over the next year, which can lead to an increased number of defaults in the manufacturing sector, the historical default rates are adjusted upward. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.

        The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and ECLs is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic conditions. Our historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of customer's actual default in the future.

Provisions

        A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, we have a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products or services are sold, based on historical warranty experience and a weighting of possible outcomes against their associated probabilities.

        Management's estimations are based on the best information available related to historical experience and expected future costs and are subject to change over time.

Leases

        With the adoption of IFRS 16 effective January 1, 2019, we recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

        The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, our incremental borrowing rate. Generally, we use our incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

        The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by the lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension option is reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

        Management has applied judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts in which it is a lessee that include renewal options. The assessment of whether management is reasonably certain

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to exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets recognized.

Emerging Growth Company Status

        We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in JOBS Act, enacted in April 2012. As a result, we are able to take advantage of certain exemptions from various public company reporting requirements, including, among other things, the requirement to have our internal controls over financial reporting audited by an independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may take advantage of these exemptions until the earliest of: (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of this offering; (iii) the date that we become a "large accelerated filer" as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which will occur if the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter; and (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during any three-year period.

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BUSINESS

Overview

        We are a leading provider of enhanced display solutions for multiple end markets in which superior functionality or durability is a critical differentiating factor. Our technology is particularly well-suited for demanding environments that pose technical and optical challenges for displays, such as bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures and condensation. Our solutions combine our expertise in integrated display head assembly and proprietary bonding technologies. We also develop, manufacture and sell an array of customized metal mesh touch sensors and electrode base film materials for use in touch panels. Our portfolio of offerings enables thin display designs and high optical clarity, which decreases power consumption and increases readability. We provide a wide range of customized display solutions across a broad range of display sizes and shapes, including curved display panels and solutions integrating multiple displays under one cover lens.

        Our differentiated technologies include our proprietary silicone-based bonding material, or VIA bond plus, our patented optical bonding processes, or MaxVU™, and our metal mesh touch sensor technology. Our optical bonding processes utilize VIA bond plus for display head assemblies, or DHAs, without using any potentially damaging mechanical force, and eliminate air gaps and other distorting features common to conventional technologies. Our metal mesh touch sensor technology enables high precision functionality and is based on a metal grid patterned on a transparent electrode base film that can be laminated to any type, size and shape of cover lens material. In addition to our proprietary technologies and processes, we leverage our customized equipment and manufacturing know-how to quickly clean, re-tool and ramp up our production lines to maximize utilization.

        Our customers operate in the automotive, consumer electronics and industrial/specialized applications end markets. Our solutions can be found in the products of companies such as Alpine, BMW, Continental, Ferrari, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Sharp, 3M, Aptiv, Honeywell and John Deere. Our automotive applications include displays for navigation, instrument clusters, rear seat entertainment and infotainment systems. Our consumer applications include solutions for notebooks, tablets and all-in-one monitors. Our industrial/specialized applications include avionics and marine instrumentation, agricultural combines, digital signage, interactive conference room displays, industrial robotics and defense applications. With increasing adoption of display technologies and touch functionality in our end markets, we expect continued demand for our solutions.

        For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated revenue of €171.7 million and profit of €3.4 million and for the three months ended March 31, 2019, we generated revenue of €32.9 million and a loss of €1.9 million. We are headquartered in Nuremberg, Germany and had over 650 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2018. We maintain production facilities in Germany, China and Japan and, through our subsidiaries, operate sales offices in Taiwan and the United States. In 2018, we served over 70 customers around the world.

Our Competitive Strengths

        We believe the following key strengths will help us to maintain and enhance our competitive position:

        Proprietary material, patented processes and metal mesh technology.    We believe that our proprietary silicone-based bonding material, patented optical bonding processes and metal mesh touch sensor technology are key enablers of our success in our target markets. We are, to our knowledge, the only company that offers a combination of optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensor technology. We have an aggregate of 57 granted patents and 100 additional pending patent applications relating to our optical bonding processes, metal mesh touch sensor technology and component parts used in our customized production equipment. VIA bond plus is our proprietary silicone-based bonding material

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utilized for all of our bonding applications. In contrast to organic substances such as acrylates, VIA bond plus is fully repairable, non-shrinking, non-yellowing, environmentally friendly and stable at extreme temperatures. MaxVU is our patented dry-bonding process that enables display head assembly without potentially damaging mechanical force, thereby increasing production yield, eliminating potential LCD damage and preventing undesired optical side effects. In addition, our copper-based metal mesh touch sensor technology offers significantly higher conductivity that enhances touch performance, including stylus/pen sensitivity and glove functionality.

        Technological expertise well-suited for demanding environments.    We are a pioneer in designing and developing display solutions intended to satisfy the most demanding technological and environmental challenges. These challenges include bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures, condensation, dust and other specialized conditions, as well as the need for enhanced touch sensitivity and curved form factors. We continue to dedicate significant research and development, or R&D, resources to address these challenges. Further, we leverage the experience we gain in the high-end consumer market, which is generally characterized by early adoption of new technologies and shorter product life cycles, to anticipate industry trends and innovate solutions for our automotive and industrial/specialized applications markets.

        Efficient global production with automated, scalable capacity.    With our modern production sites in Germany, China and Japan, we have the ability to meet customers' specific requirements with regards to design, volume and manufacturing location. Our flexible production lines can provide solutions for a wide range of display screen sizes up to 100 inches. Our bonding facilities are equipped with manual, semi-automated and fully automated production lines capable of handling various production volumes, from specialized small-batch runs to high volume production. We leverage our customized equipment and manufacturing know-how to quickly clean, re-tool and ramp up our production lines to maximize utilization.

        Early and deep design collaboration with Original Equipment Manufacturers.    Because of the increasing integration of display and/or touch functionality into novel design assemblies, we often engage with Original Equipment Manufacturers, or OEMs, early in their design and development processes. We utilize our deep engineering and R&D resources and operating expertise to collaborate with OEMs on product design, qualification, manufacturing and testing in order to provide comprehensive and customized solutions. We believe this approach provides us with an understanding of the OEMs' technology roadmaps, allowing us to develop innovative and advanced solutions to meet their current and future needs. Our technological expertise in combination with our collaborative relationships allows us to develop new applications, such as touch enabled controls on an automotive center console, and enables us to be a sole source supplier for certain OEMs.

        Proven engineering and experienced management team.    We have assembled a team of talented technical professionals with significant knowledge and expertise in the area of optical bonding and touch sensor technology. We also have an experienced global management team with extensive expertise in enhanced display solutions, system integration and manufacturing, and a strong track record of management experience at companies including Aptiv, AU Optronics, Dell and Siemens.

Our Growth Strategy

        The key elements of our strategy are:

        Become an integrated display system provider.    We aim to expand our capabilities to serve as an integrated display system provider in all of our markets by combining system design, interactive displays, software functionality and other hardware components. We plan to achieve this goal by utilizing our extensive intellectual property portfolio, process know-how, and optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensor technologies to expand our in-house technological capabilities. We also plan to

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expand our research and development efforts through increased investment in our engineering activities, including the hiring of additional personnel. As an example, we recently received access to the services of a design engineering team of 14 experts to meet the growing demand for camera functionality in display systems which enables, among other things, advanced driver assistance systems. We may also seek to augment our solutions by acquiring new technologies and expertise, including by acquiring other companies or assets, hiring technical teams or entering into strategic alliances.

        Grow within our existing customer base.    We plan to grow our position with existing customers by continuing to leverage our technological capabilities and engineering talents. We have become increasingly involved at earlier stages of the OEM design and development process, specifically within the automotive market, as display solutions continue to be differentiating factors for end users experiences. We expect this close and early-stage collaboration to continue to facilitate strong and long-term customer relationships and increase our exposure to OEMs.

        Continue to expand our customer base.    We intend to expand our customer base within our core end markets. In particular, we believe we are well-positioned to further penetrate the automotive market given our success in the consumer electronics market, which has typically adopted newer technology more quickly due in part to shorter product life cycles, and our solutions' quality, performance, robustness and reliability. We also intend to acquire new customers within the industrial/specialized applications market, where enhanced display and touch sensor solutions are needed in a wide range of products for use in demanding environments. We believe our technological capabilities, production know-how and R&D expertise will enable us to continue to improve our products' functionality and performance and will facilitate our ability to develop products and enhancements, enable new applications and expand our customer base within our core end markets.

        Leverage our full-service metal mesh touch sensor technology.    We intend to accelerate the adoption of our recently acquired metal mesh touch sensor technology into more touch display applications across our end markets. Before our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS from Toppan on March 29, 2018, we purchased touch sensors from third-party vendors for use in our display solutions. We believe our ability to produce both the electrode base film and related metal mesh touch sensors distinguishes us from our competitors by enabling us to be a one-stop touch solution provider. We expect that an increasing number of our customers will adopt our in-house metal mesh display touch sensor technology as high-precision touch functionality becomes more prevalent.

Industry Overview

        Digital displays have become pervasive in everyday life. Technological advancements, quality improvements and cost reductions have collectively helped to make displays ubiquitous in nearly every industry. In response to the growing demand and broadening applications of display technology, optical bonding and touch sensor technologies have become critical to achieving the diverse and highly specific requirements of customers in various end markets.

Optical Bonding

        Optical bonding is a process in which a clear, optical-grade adhesive, such as silicone or acrylate, is placed between various components of the DHA, which may include an LCD panel, touch sensor layer and cover lens, to bind the components of the DHA and eliminate the presence of an air gap. It is an alternative process to the traditional method of applying an adhesive tape or material around the edge of the display, which leaves a layer of air in between the various components. Displays that contain an air gap generally have lower optical performance (e.g., lack of sunlight readability, lower brightness) due to reflections occurring at the internal optical surfaces of a display assembly (such as the LCD panel and cover lens). Optical bonding eliminates nearly all internal reflection due to better matching of the index of refraction of the optical surfaces.

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        A number of benefits can be achieved by using optical bonding rather than traditional methods, such as reduced internal reflection that results in improved readability while reducing backlight power requirements, preventing moisture and impurities from penetrating the display assembly stack, and reducing sensitivity to shock and vibration. As a result, displays with optical bonding are generally easier to read and more durable, and facilitate a longer battery life. Optical bonding also results in a higher degree of stability of displays, which permits thinner displays to be produced. Importantly, optical bonding can be used with many types of display technologies, including the two most common types, LCD and Organic Light Emitting Diode, or OLED. As such, optical bonding is becoming the de facto standard for a wide range of display solutions.

Touch Sensors

        The global market for touch-enabled displays has gained significant momentum over the past few years as users have adopted the simplicity of point and touch as a mode of input. In addition, it has become less costly to integrate touch sensors directly into a display due to, among other things, decreased component costs.

        First generation resistive touch sensor technology required pressure to complete a circuit between electrode layers. As a result, this legacy technology was only responsive to touch when pressure was applied by objects such as a fingertip or a stylus pen, leading to slow response time, less precision and generally an inability to respond to multiple touchpoints.

        In recent years, the touch technology market has focused on projective capacitive, or PCAP, touch sensor technologies. PCAP touch screens use two transparent electrode layers that are placed between a cover lens and the display. A touch is detected when a touching object (such as a fingertip or pen) changes the capacitive field created by the combination of two electrode layers oriented on the x- and y-axes rather than by applying physical pressure to the cover lens. The electrode layers are designed in a specific pattern (typically a grid for metal mesh sensors), with the potential points of touch recognition corresponding to the number of intersections between the rows and columns contained within the grid. Capacitive touch screens can be self-capacitive (meaning the device only recognizes a single touch point at a time) or mutual capacitive (meaning the device can recognize multiple touch locations simultaneously).

        Metal mesh is a type of mutual capacitive PCAP technology in which the electrode layer is made of a very thin layer of a conductive metal grid, either copper or silver. Compared with indium tin oxide, or ITO, a conductive electrode material used in traditional PCAP technologies, metal mesh provides certain advantages, including higher conductivity and a higher tolerance to bending, while maintaining the same transparency and providing more accurate touch functionality across multiple touch locations. The advantages of using metal mesh technology are well-suited for large display sizes and flexible form factors, which are currently costlier to produce when using existing PCAP technology. The performance of a metal mesh touch sensor is largely dependent upon the conductive metal utilized in the electrode layer, such as copper or silver. While many of our competitors use silver, we believe the physical properties of copper give it a number of advantages over silver, such as higher durability and reliability, lower cost and lower tendency to oxidize, which causes the metal to lose efficiency as an electrical conductor. While there are greater technological challenges to working with copper as opposed to silver, such as achieving optical transparency with a darker material, we believe the benefits of using copper outweigh the challenges.

Our Market Opportunity

        The proliferation of tablets, smartphones and other personal devices has increased the prevalence of displays in the consumer market, while the rising demand for dynamic visual communication, the increasing use of interactive displays and lower costs for these displays are driving the growth of

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displays in non-traditional verticals beyond the consumer electronics end market. In addition, the rapid expansion of the flexible display market, the rising demand for OLED-based devices and the technological development of more energy-efficient and higher specification displays are emerging as key drivers of sustained display market growth. We estimate that the addressable market for our offerings in 2018 was at least $42.3 billion, which was derived from MarketsandMarkets' estimate of global revenue from the sale of displays of approximately $130.0 billion in 2018. Within the total global display market, MarketsandMarkets attributed $87.7 billion in 2018 to TVs, smartphones, smart wearables, other display products such as E-readers and medical devices and other display technologies such as E-paper, which we do not address today nor expect to address in the future. MarketsandMarkets estimates that global revenue from the sale of displays will grow to approximately $163.3 billion in 2023.

        We believe a number of trends are expanding our market opportunity:

        The number and complexity of displays in automotive applications continue to increase.    The increasing electrification of vehicles and the shift towards a more interactive driving experience are propelling the demand for displays in the automotive market. Automotive displays, as of today, consist primarily of instrument cluster, center stack and rear seat entertainment, with electronic rearview mirror replacement systems, or eMirrors, being more recently introduced to the market. In addition to the number of displays in vehicles increasing, auto manufacturers are interested in incorporating previously manually controlled elements (such as temperature controls and stereo functions) into a single, frequently touch-enabled, display solution. Accordingly, the complexity and form factors have expanded to include multi-panel and non-standard shapes and configurations, requiring significant display assembly manufacturing and integration expertise. Displays used in automotive applications are integral to vehicle operation and performance, and must meet a variety of stringent requirements such as broad viewing angles, high brightness, wide temperature ranges and extended product lifetimes and, for certain displays, other operational and safety requirements. MarketsandMarkets estimates that global revenue from the sale of displays used in automobiles was approximately $6.6 billion in 2018 and will grow annually at 9.4% to approximately $10.3 billion in 2023.

        Industrial and other specialized display applications are a demanding and high-growth segment.    The increasing demand to improve user experience, information communication and advertising are driving the proliferation of digital displays in a number of sectors such as transportation, heavy machinery, retail, education, finance, defense, avionics and marine applications. The proliferation of digital technology, decrease in product cost and increase in touch-panel size are also expanding the application of interactive, touch-enabled displays. Examples of industrial/specialized applications include touch monitors used for shopping mall directories, digital signage for advertisement inside and outside of banks, large touch-enabled digital canvases used by professional animation studios, touch displays used in classrooms, cockpit displays used in aircraft, heat-resistant displays used by firefighters and ruggedized displays for industrial and military operators. MarketsandMarkets estimates that global revenue from the sale of displays used in all products excluding automotive, PC monitors and laptops, smartphones, smart wearables, tablets and TVs, was approximately $10.9 billion in 2018, which will grow annually at 7.0% to approximately $15.3 billion in 2023.

        Consumer electronics remain the mature foundation of the display market.    In the consumer market, tablets and notebooks have become a popular alternative to stationary desktops. Given the portability of these devices and their use in outdoor environments, attributes such as sunlight readability, durability, touch functionality and thin and light design remain essential. Over the last decade, consumer device displays have changed from being bulky and space-consuming to slim and bezel-less, driving the need for increasingly complex customization of display solutions. The market is also adopting emerging technologies such as flexible display and OLED that could enable more rugged, lighter weight and even thinner display solutions, as well as give rise to novel applications, such as transparent displays. The confluence of the need for portability, increasing design customization and emerging display technologies are driving the demand for enhanced display solutions. As such, we believe we will continue to gain market share from conventional display solution providers.

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Our Offerings

        Our portfolio of offerings consists of enhanced display solutions, optical bonding and related services and licensing, and metal mesh touch sensors. We possess an extensive array of proprietary technologies related to optical bonding and metal mesh touch sensors. These technologies enable us to provide enhanced display solutions that are built to meet the specific needs of our customers. We believe our technologies and our related intellectual property, as well as our engineering expertise, give us a competitive edge and pose significant barriers to entry.

Enhanced Display Solutions

        Currently, our enhanced display solutions include DHAs and sub-assemblies such as touch panel assemblies and LCD-touch assemblies. A DHA is a subsystem, consisting of multiple optical and electrical overlays that are designed to be combined with or integrated into another system. The component layers of our DHAs, and their subassemblies, are assembled using our proprietary MaxVU optical bonding processes and can incorporate a touch panel if desired. A touch panel subassembly consists of a cover lens and a touch sensor. An LCD subassembly includes an open cell (without backlight) LCD glass matrix and a backlight unit, or BLU, containing optical films, light guide, light source reflectors and other layers.

        The image below demonstrates the structure of a typical DHA with touch functionality.

GRAPHIC

        As an enhanced display solutions provider, we are able to design DHAs by identifying the required components and deliver finished DHAs incorporating components sourced from a combination of in-house and third-party suppliers. Components we produce in-house include our finished optical bonding material that is a combination of the two silicone adhesives exclusively produced by Wacker and supplied to us based on our specifications, as well as our metal mesh touch sensors. Components we purchase from third-party suppliers can include glass, open cell LCD glass matrices, BLUs, electronic components, housing and sensors when required by customer specification. We expect that an increasing number of our customers will adopt our in-house metal mesh touch sensor technology as high-precision touch functionality becomes more prevalent. Furthermore, we often help customers design and work with third-party suppliers on the manufacturing of custom components, such as

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non-standard backlight modules, to meet their specific requirements. Almost all of our products are designed specifically for individual client projects.

        Most recently, we introduced integrated camera functionality, using cameras we purchase from third-party suppliers, to our portfolio to address the fast-growing demand for integrated, camera-enhanced displays. We are supporting this development through camera engineering and R&D personnel, including through the services of an experienced camera design team. We believe this is another important step towards realizing our aspiration of becoming an integrated display system provider that offers not only components and subsystems, but also complete systems that fully integrate components in a seamless offering. An example of such an offering is eMirror systems combining cameras, interactive displays, electronic control units and software interface in a tightly integrated package.

Optical Bonding

        Our optical bonding technologies include our proprietary VIA bond plus material, our patented MaxVU bonding processes (mainly MaxVU II or MaxVU III, our dry bonding processes) and related equipment customization.

    VIA bond plus Materials.  VIA bond plus is our proprietary inorganic silicone-based optical bonding material used for all of our bonding applications. VIA bond plus supports long lasting, optically enhanced and sunlight readable display solutions. It enables slim product design as well as flexible applications on bendable, foldable and curved display surfaces.

      We believe our inorganic silicone-based optical bonding material offers several advantages over organic bonding materials, such as acrylates. For example, acrylate-based materials shrink by approximately 2-3% or more over time, gradually deteriorating the optical bonding layer. Acrylates also react to UV light and become yellow over their lifetime. As a result, images from displays change color, become dimmer due to decreased transparency and require additional power consumption to compensate for the loss in optical performance. Moreover, displays bonded with acrylate materials usually cannot be repaired because the hardened material cannot be removed from the display components without destroying them. As a result, acrylate-based display assemblies are less environmentally friendly because the component parts often cannot be recycled and reused.

      We believe VIA bond plus provides the following key benefits compared to competing bonding materials:

VIA bond plus   Competing Technologies

Clear, transparent and non-yellowing

 

Yellows over time

Fully repairable (production and field)

 

Limited or no reparability

High stability at extreme temperatures

 

Less stability at extreme temperatures

Tailorable hardness

 

No flexibility for hardness

No external activators required; self-curing

 

Require an external activator to cure (UV or heat)

Non-shrinking (<0.1%)

 

Subject to shrinkage (2-3% or more)

Non-toxic and environmentally friendly

 

Generates fumes that require additional production precautions and component parts often cannot be recycled

      Pursuant to the terms of our Framework Collaboration Agreement with Wacker, Wacker is our exclusive supplier of the base materials used in our VIA bond plus. We are the inventor and sole owner of the proprietary formula relating to the combination of silicon base materials used to

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      create VIA bond plus, and the method of application of VIA bond plus to display components. We currently source all of our requirements for the silicon base materials used in our VIA bond plus from a sole supplier. We are actively working to develop alternative sources of materials to be used in our bonding processes, including by developing our own internal supply.

    MaxVU II and III Bonding Processes (MaxVU).  MaxVU II and III, our patented optical bonding processes, are also known as dry bonding or hybrid bonding. We first apply our VIA bond plus liquid silicone-based optical bonding material onto a substrate, such as the cover lens, touch panel or the display. As a material capable of fully curing without any external activation such as UV light, the VIA bond plus liquid is pre-cured to become a soft and gel-like layer with favorable adhesive properties. In the next step, the substrate with the adhesive layer is optically bonded (laminated) to a second substrate (such as a cover lens, touch panel or display) without mechanical force (i.e., without pressure). After, VIA bond plus self-cures until the material is fully cured. For pre-curing as well as final curing, moderate heat may be applied to accelerate the process, but is not necessary to complete the curing process. This curing process without external activation and optical bonding process without mechanical force are distinguishing features of MaxVU.

      Unlike MaxVU, competing technologies typically use a wet process that dispenses a liquid adhesive onto a display, and then applies pressure to the cover lens with mechanical force to squeeze the liquid adhesive from the middle of the substrate to the edges of the display.

      We believe MaxVU provides the following key benefits compared to bonding processes that apply mechanical force:

MaxVU   Competing Technologies

No adhesive will flow into the backlight and damage the LCD

 

Liquid may be squeezed into the BLU and damage the LCD

Superior control on bond line thickness and tolerance

 

Difficult to control the amount of liquid and pressure that needs to be applied

No sealing required, which preserves any available LCD warranty

 

Sealing invalidates LCD warranty as the seal may not be capable of being removed or repaired

No pressure or glow marks

 

Pressure on LCD may cause glow marks

    Bonding Services and Licensing.  We provide optical bonding services to customers who provide us with display components they have independently defined and/or sourced from third parties. Bonding services revenue represented 87.6% of our 2018 revenue. Additionally, for selected customers who wish to employ our optical bonding process within their own production facilities, we offer a licensing model pursuant to which we provide our VIA bond plus material, optical bonding process know-how and customized equipment necessary to facilitate our MaxVU process directly to the licensee customer. Through our dedicated service and support, we believe we are able to provide seamless installation and a high level of quality control to our licensee customers. Licensing is a small portion of our business and accounted for 3.0% of our revenue in 2018.

Metal Mesh Touch Sensors

        Through VTS, our majority-owned subsidiary acquired on March 29, 2018 in which Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., or Toppan, is the minority owner, we develop and manufacture a complete suite of metal mesh touch sensors and electrode base film materials for use in touch panels. A touch-enabled display requires a touch panel including a touch sensor in order to deliver the desired touch

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functionality. Our touch sensors utilize copper-based metal mesh technology. Metal mesh technology has been successfully introduced into the market as a replacement for legacy ITO technologies and offers several advantages, the most important of which is the higher conductivity of the metal material as compared to ITO. Improved conductivity enhances touch performance and enables features and functions such as use with thick cover lenses and in larger display sizes, as well as pen and glove functionality.

        The image below demonstrates the structure of a typical display that includes a metal mesh touch sensor.

GRAPHIC

    Electrode Base Film.  We produce our copper electrode base films by applying a copper layer to a substrate, such as Polyethylenterephthalate, or PET, or Cyclo-Olefin-Polymer, or COP, using a sputtering process. Sputtering is a technique in which thin films of atomic material are deposited onto a substrate surface. We produce our electrode base films at our production facility in Satte, Japan on a roll-to-roll, high volume basis, which maximizes cost efficiencies. We believe our ability to produce both the electrode base film and the related metal mesh touch sensors differentiates us from our competitors. Our ability to produce both component parts necessary to complete a metal mesh touch sensor enables us to control the supply chain, provides flexibility to develop all types of metal mesh sensors and provides our customers with production efficiencies by turning to us as a single source supplier. Additionally, our production capabilities and engineering allow us to use third-party electrode base films in our touch sensor production, which enables us to produce touch sensors using materials other than copper and to mitigate potential capacity shortages in our electrode base films.

    Touch Sensors.  Each metal mesh touch sensor must be customized for the specific sensor pattern needed for the active display area of the finished display. Each touch sensor requires two electrode layers (oriented on the x- and y- axes), which can be produced on two different substrates, commonly referred to as an FF structure, or on the top and bottom of a single substrate, commonly referred to as an F2 structure. F2 structures are generally preferable because they facilitate slimmer design and provide superior optical performance due to the presence of only a single substrate layer. F2 structures are also more efficient to produce because the x- and y-layers of a sensor can be produced in a single production step. FF structures are commonly used in medium, large and ultra large display sizes, whereas F2 structures are more commonly used in small and medium displays, principally within the automotive and consumer electronics products. Based on our patented patterning technology and proprietary production process, we have the ability to produce both FF and F2 structures. We

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      believe there is currently only one other company in the market that is capable of higher-volume production of metal mesh based F2 structures.

        Our copper-based mesh sensors are produced using a multi-step photolithography process. First, a photoresist material is applied to the copper electrode base film. Second, as the result of a UV exposure process, the sensor layout is realized on the photoresist level with the assistance of a customized photomask. Finally, a copper etching process is performed to realize the customized metal mesh sensor structure, followed by a cleaning process to remove any remaining photoresist. Our metal mesh touch sensors can be used with different types of cover lenses and in different shapes, which we believe will enable us to continue to develop touch sensors that meet future requirements of our current end markets as well as for new fields of application.

        We believe our copper-based metal mesh touch sensors provide the following key benefits compared to competing touch sensors using ITO technology:

VTS Touch Sensors   Competing Technologies

Fast response time due to high conductivity

 

Slower response times

Precise touch sensitivity

 

Decreased touch sensitivity due to lower conductivity

Superior glove and pen functionality

 

Limited glove and pen functionality

Bendability and narrow wiring design enabling design freedom, including application on curved surfaces and narrower display housing borders or zero bezel designs

 

Limitation of application due to non-flexibility/bendability

High reliability due to the stability of the copper material

 

Lower reliability due to instability of indium

Sales and Marketing

        We market and sell our products and solutions primarily through our internal direct sales force, supported by outside sales representatives and distributors. Our direct sales force is organized among our four sales offices in Germany, China, Taiwan and the United States. We currently have three sales agents or distributors in Asia, with territories covering China, Japan and Korea, and one sales agent in the United States. In addition, we employ a direct sales manager who is primarily focused on automotive customers, globally. Our sales personnel receive substantial technical assistance and support from our internal technical marketing and engineering teams. Sales frequently result from multi-level sales efforts that involve senior management, engineers, and our sales personnel interacting with our customers' decision-makers throughout the product design, development and order process. Our customers often provide our sales force with insight into how our products will be integrated into our customers' solutions and frequently look to us as a design partner. This sales process requires us to develop strong customer relationships and to work collaboratively with our customers to fulfill their needs. The period of time from our initial contact with a prospective or current customer to the receipt of an actual purchase order (including time relating to the qualification process) depends on the end market and is frequently a year or even more, with such period being longer for more complex solutions such as in the automotive and industrial/specialized applications. Prospective customers often perform extensive testing before our products and solutions are incorporated into their own product offerings. This phase of our sales cycle can take several months and purchase arrangements may not be entered into until after this phase is completed. Our customers' product life cycles typically last multiple years, with consumer electronics being approximately 1-1.5 years, automotive being approximately 3-7 years and industrial/specialized applications being approximately 3-10+ years.

        With respect to metal mesh touch sensors and film produced by VTS, both we and Toppan have dedicated sales teams who provide sales services. Our dedicated sales force, as well as Toppan's, is

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contracted under a bilateral distribution agreement, providing distributor services to VTS. See "Business—Strategic Alliance Agreements" for a description of the distribution agreement and other material agreements with Toppan.

        As of December 31, 2018, we employed 31 sales and marketing professionals, with such professionals based in each of our locations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our selling expenses totaled €4.3 million and represented 2.5% of revenue and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 our selling expenses totaled €1.1 million and represented 3.2% of revenue.

Customers

        Our customers and design partners include many of the world's largest display and system manufacturers in the consumer electronics, automotive and industrial/specialized applications markets. We principally sell our products to OEMs, Tier-1 suppliers and other suppliers. We often have significant engagement with and act as a design partner to OEMs, who may be our direct customers or may be our indirect customers through their Tier-1 suppliers. We believe our track record of technological and product performance, high quality, cost effectiveness, and on-time deliveries have resulted in our position as a leading provider of optical bonding solutions and metal mesh touch sensors. We believe our strong relationships with our OEM and Tier-1 supplier customers, many of which are currently developing new products and applications that can incorporate our solutions, will continue to position us as a source of supply for their future product offerings.

        Our most significant customers during 2018 were Dell, Mutto, AU Optronics and Toppan with sales to these customers accounting for 29%, 21%, 13% and 12%, respectively, of our net revenue that year. These customers represented 23.7%, 11.5%, 2.1% and 21.5%, respectively, of our net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019. During 2017, Dell, a customer since 2013, accounted for 41% of our revenues and Mutto accounted for 35% of our revenue.

        Our design partners during 2018 included 3M, Clarion, Corning, Dell, Eizo, Gandong Automotive Co., HP, Lenovo, Magneti Marelli, Nio and Sharp.

        Our solutions can also be found in the products of companies such as Alpine, BMW, Continental, Ferrari, General Motors, Honeywell and John Deere. Not all these companies are customers or design partners of ours.

        Depending on the purchasing and process requirements of our customers, we are able to offer design, development and manufacturing services to OEMs as well as to Tier-1 and other suppliers. On some projects, we are not involved with the design and development of solutions, and instead OEMs and their partners may determine design and pricing requirements and make the overall decisions regarding the use of optical bonding, touch or display solutions in their products.

        In general, our customers place orders with us for the purchase of our products and solutions, take title to the products and solutions purchased upon delivery by us, and pay us for those purchases based on agreed payment terms. In general, our customers have no return right, except for warranty provisions, and no right to cancel an order once the order has been placed. Purchase orders are typically under longer-term framework agreements between us and the customer. Generally, we do not recognize revenue from sales of our products until our solutions have been delivered to our customers.

Backlog

        Our backlog consists of products for which purchase orders have been received and are scheduled for shipment based on customer schedules. Most orders are subject to rescheduling by customers with limited or no penalties.

        As of December 31, 2018, we had a backlog of orders of €64.5 million, a decrease of €10.8 million compared with a backlog of orders as of December 31, 2017 of €75.3 million. Because of the possibility

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of customer changes in product shipment schedules and/or quantities, our backlog as of a particular date may not necessarily be indicative of revenue for any succeeding period and we do not rely on backlog to project our business or anticipate our performance.

Research and Development

        We currently conduct ongoing research and development activities primarily in Germany as well as in China and Japan that focus on advancing our existing optical bonding and metal mesh technologies, improving our current product solutions, developing new products, improving functionality and manufacturing processes, enhancing the quality and performance of our product solutions and expanding our technologies to position ourselves as a critical and innovative supplier in our customers' supply chains. Certain employees of our shareholder IMI who are located in the Philippines are also engaged in related research and development activities for our benefit. Our goal is to continue to provide our customers with innovative solutions that address their requirements and improve their competitive positions, including co-developing custom solutions where necessary. Our long-term goal is to offer integrated interactive display systems which incorporate our proven optical bonding solutions and touch sensor technology, and may in the future include voice and facial recognition and other sensor technologies such as gesture, proximity and hovering. We expect to expand our research and development efforts relating to our optical bonding, metal mesh touch sensor technologies and system capabilities in each of the geographies in which we currently conduct such efforts. We also anticipate the need for continued development and improvement in the custom equipment used in our production processes to facilitate new display applications, reduce our costs or accelerate the speed of production. We intend to expand our research and development efforts through increased investment in our engineering activities, including the hiring of additional engineering personnel. We may complement our organic growth by acquiring new technologies or personnel to the extent they are available on favorable terms. To date, our research and development efforts have been funded by revenue generated from our operations.

        We believe our innovative and integrated technologies can be applied to many diverse products, and we believe the incorporation of interactive display technology is a key factor in the differentiation of these products. Our research, product development, and engineering teams frequently work directly with our customers to design custom solutions for specific applications. We focus on enabling our customers to overcome their technical barriers and enhance the performance and design of their products.

        For the year ended December 31, 2018, our research and development expenses totaled €1.3 million and represented 0.8% of revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our research and development expenses totaled €0.4 million and represented 1.2% of revenue.

Manufacturing

        We have four production sites, which are located at our headquarters in Nuremberg, Germany, in Suzhou, China and in Satte and Shiga, Japan.

        All of our production sites include cleanrooms specific to our production necessities rated Class 1,000 and 10,000, which denotes the number of particles of size 0.5 µm or larger permitted per cubic foot of air. A cleanroom with a lower number of such particles is cleaner and will be rated accordingly pursuant to applicable ISO and/or ITAF standards. The sites in Nuremberg and Suzhou are part of our display solution and optical bonding business, while the Japanese production sites relate to our metal mesh touch sensor technology production.

        The production sites in Nuremberg and Suzhou employ manual, semi-automated and fully automated production lines and can handle different sizes of displays up to 100 inches in diagonal size. The production is based on process know-how, which is partially patented, as well as our proprietary VIA bond plus materials, which are exclusively produced for us on a contract basis. Most of the

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machinery used in our production process is designed and developed by us and manufactured by third-party suppliers. Component materials such as display, housing, electronic parts or BLUs are purchased directly by us from third-party suppliers or are purchased from or provided by our customers. We seek to limit loss due to unused or obsolete inventory and components by generally purchasing raw materials only as required by customers' purchase orders. We ship directly to our customers globally or via custom-free hubs. We maintain internal supply chain and project management organizations that oversee our production processes and our component inventory requirements to facilitate cost and timing efficiencies in our manufacturing processes. As of December 31, 2018, we had 32 employees dedicated to these functions.

        Both of our Japanese production sites are located inside factories of Toppan and are operated pursuant to lease and business assistance agreements. The production process is mainly operated by Toppan employees who are dedicated to VTS production on a secondment basis pursuant to secondment agreements. The primary raw materials used in production at these facilities are purchased by VTS with support from Toppan's purchasing team, leveraging pre-negotiated Toppan procurement conditions. See "Business—Strategic Alliance Agreements" for a description of the lease and secondment agreements and other material agreements with Toppan.

        Because our products are often designed in close collaboration with our customers, our manufacturing and production teams, along with our sales and research and development personnel, are often actively involved in multiple stages of our customers' product design, development and production processes. As our business continues to grow, we intend to expand our operations within these groups over the next several years, including expansion of large size capacity and improvement in automation in our facilities in Germany, expansion of clean room capacity and improvement in automation in our facilities in China and further automation of production at our facilities in Japan. To support these upgrades and enhancements, we intend to increase our engineering, marketing and services staff in multiple geographies in order to support new development, marketing and service activities to meet the needs of both new and existing customers. We believe that the achievement of these expansion efforts may require substantial capital expenditures.

        As of December 31, 2018, our manufacturing facilities are operating at approximately 80% of capacity in Nuremberg, 38% of capacity in Suzhou (based on an average production size of 10 inches per unit), 100% of capacity in Satte and 65% of capacity in Shiga. The time required to establish and validate a new production facility would be significant, and we regularly review our manufacturing capacity to enable management to make informed decisions regarding potential changes needed to meet customer demand.

Intellectual Property Rights

        Our success and ability to compete depend in part on our ability to maintain the proprietary aspects of our technologies and products. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, licensing and collaboration agreements, confidentiality agreements, and other statutory and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property, but these measures may provide only limited protection.

Patents

        As of December 31, 2018, we held nine active patent families (i.e., groups of patents/patent applications for an invention filed in different countries that are based on the same priority (the first application)), including 57 granted patents covering certain display systems and customized equipment relating to our optical bonding technology and conductive film, electrodes and touch panels and display devices relating to our metal mesh touch sensor technology, and had an additional 100 pending patent applications worldwide.

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        These patent assets are complemented by our marketing, business development, applications, production and operations know-how and our ongoing research and development efforts.

Trade Secrets

        As is true in our industry generally, the development of our products, processes and materials has involved a considerable amount of experience, manufacturing, operating and processing know-how and research and development techniques. We protect our proprietary processes and technologies with a blend of patent protection and trade secret protection. As part of our overall intellectual property strategy, we protect our non-patented proprietary knowledge as trade secrets through confidentiality controls such as nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements.

Licenses and Collaboration Agreements

        We are a party to various licenses, collaborations and other arrangements that allow us to practice and improve our technology under a range of patents, patent applications and other intellectual property. These include the licensing and collaboration agreements with Toppan that are described in more detail under the heading "Business—Strategic Alliance Agreements."

Trademarks

        We have trademark protection for the word and figurative trademarks "MaxVU", in each of the United States, Germany, China and the European Union. We have received trademark protection for "VIA optronics" in Germany.

Competition

        Our optical bonded display solutions and metal mesh touch sensors are sold into end markets for automotive, consumer electronics and industrial/specialized applications. These end markets are characterized by rapidly changing technology and intense competition.

        Our principal competitors in automotive application markets are display makers with their own optical bonding capabilities such as AU Optronics, INX, Tianma, JDI and SHARP as well as Tier-1 suppliers, such as Continental and Alpine. Our principal competitors in the sale of optical bonded display solutions for consumer electronics applications are Compal, TPK, Henghao, Shenzen Laibao Hi-Tech, GIS, Mutto and O-film. Our main competitors in the sale of optical bonded display solutions for industrial/specialized applications are primarily smaller regional companies such as Data Modul, Faytech and Data Image. In certain strategic cases, in order to expand our optical bonding capacity in different markets, we partner with competitors by granting them a time limited license containing know-how about our process and delivery of our material for their manufacture of products for end users. For example, Continental is a licensee of our technology in addition to being a competitor, and may from time to time also purchase components from us. Mutto is also a licensee of our technology and produces certain panels itself but utilizes our products and services for more critical products.

        Our principal competitor within metal mesh touch sensor technology is Fujifilm, which is also capable of producing F2 structures but uses silver (rather than copper) based metal mesh. We also compete with producers of existing ITO sensors and a limited set of smaller competitors who produce silver and copper-based metal mesh touch sensors but who focus more on the medium to larger-sized FF structure.

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Facilities

        Information concerning our properties is set forth below as of December 31, 2018.

Location
  Size (Sq. Meters)   ISO Certification*   Focus   Lease Termination Date

Nuremberg, Germany

  4,435   N/A   Corporate Headquarters;   October 31, 2025

          Display Solutions Sales    

Schwarzenbruck, Germany

 

28

 

N/A

 
Offices
 

N/A

Suzhou, China

 

10,257

 

ISO 9001:2015

 
Display Solutions
 

March 31, 2021

      ISO 14001:2015   Sales    

      TS1 6949:2015        

Satte, Japan

 

4,323

 

ISO 9001:2008

 
Film for Metal Mesh
 

March 26, 2020

      JIS Q 9001:2008   Sensor Technology    

Shiga, Japan

 

10,551

 

ISO 9001:2008

 
Sensors for Metal Mesh
 

March 26, 2023

      JIS Q 9001:2008   Sensor Technology    

Taipei, Taiwan

 

VIA sales: 63

 

N/A

 
Sales Offices
 

September 18, 2019

  VTS sales: 15           July 15, 2019

Orlando, Florida

 

199

 

ISO 9001:2015

 
Sales Office
 

February 28, 2022


*
The ISO 9000 family of standards relates to quality management systems and is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.

        We do not currently own any real property. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current and foreseeable requirements.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2018, we employed, including through secondment agreements with Toppan as described below, a total of 663 persons, including 540 in operations (such as Production, Strategic Purchasing, Global Quality and Processes, Engineering, Supply Chain Management), 44 in finance and administration (such as human resources, information technology, legal and general administration); 31 in sales and marketing (including licensing); and 48 in research and development. Of these employees, 80 were located in Germany, 579, in the aggregate, in China, Japan and Taiwan, and 4 in the United States. In addition to our direct employees, as of December 31, 2018, we utilized the services of 333 individuals, in the aggregate, in Germany, China and Japan, on a contract basis to support our flexible production capacity which aids in balancing production volume variations. In connection with our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS, we acquired the services of a total of 124 employees from Toppan, including 94 in operations, finance, and administration, 4 in sales and marketing, and 18 in research and development. Of these employees, 89 were located in Shiga, Japan and 31 were located in Satte, Japan, 2 were located in Tokyo, Japan and 2 were located in Shanghai, China. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good, and none of our employees are represented by a union in collective bargaining with us.

        Competition for qualified personnel in our industry is extremely intense, particularly for engineering and other technical personnel. We intend to hire personnel across our locations to support the growth of our business, and our success depends, in part, on our continued ability to attract, hire, and retain qualified personnel.

        Our success also depends in part on employees at our Japanese production sites who are employed by Toppan and dedicated to VTS production on a secondment basis pursuant to secondment agreements, meaning that these employees are under VTS's reporting and management structure but remain employees of Toppan and subject to the terms of any employment contracts with Toppan. While VTS bears the cost of the seconded employees, including their salaries, benefits and certain travel and

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commuting expenses, Toppan generally controls the hiring and firing of such employees and can end the secondment period for designated employees with 30 days' advance notice, subject to providing replacement employees. VTS may make commercially reasonable requests to Toppan to replace seconded employees if VTS can demonstrate that the seconded employee is not competent and the replacement does not deprive Toppan of employees required for its own operations. The secondment arrangement will expire on March 26, 2021 unless we request an extension in writing at least 6 months prior to such date, at which point we would negotiate an extension with Toppan in good faith, subject to consent of the seconded employees.

Strategic Alliance Agreements

Agreements with Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

        We have entered into a series of agreements in connection with our acquisition of a majority interest in VTS and the establishment of the governance and other operational and commercial rights and obligations of VIA, VTS and Toppan relating to VTS. These agreements and the material terms thereof are summarized below.

        On November 30, 2017, we entered a Framework Agreement with Toppan to establish VTS in Japan for the purpose of developing, manufacturing and marketing (i) copper touch sensors used in touch panel modules and (ii) copper PET film used in touch panel sensors. Pursuant to the Framework Agreement, Toppan incorporated VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (f/k/a Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.) as its wholly-owned subsidiary and transferred certain assets forming the business operations of VTS through a corporate spin-off proceeding (kaisha bunkatsu) under the Companies Act of Japan. $

        On March 23, 2018, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Toppan, pursuant to which we obtained 65% of the outstanding shares of common stock of VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. from Toppan for upfront cash consideration of 211,231,000 Japanese Yen (excluding tax). The purchase price for our shares was later reduced to 168,146,444 Japanese Yen (excluding tax) in accordance with the final determination of an inventory-based purchase price adjustment provided for in the Share Purchase Agreement.

        Concurrently with our acquisition of our shares in VTS, we entered into a Shareholders Agreement with Toppan that governs the rights and obligations of the parties as shareholders of VTS. The material terms of the Shareholders Agreement are as follows:

    The Shareholders Agreement provides that the Board of Directors of VTS shall consist of up to 3 members, with two members designated by us and one designated by Toppan. Additionally, we have the right to designate the Representative Director of VTS from among our directors, who has the authority to execute the decisions of the Board of Directors pursuant to the Companies Act. We also are entitled to appoint a statutory auditor, who assumes the supervisory and monitoring role over directors under the Companies Act.

    The Shareholders Agreement provides that certain actions must not be taken unless approved by resolution of the Board of Directors with the affirmative vote of the member designated by Toppan. Such board reserved matters include modification of VTS's business plan, consummating investments in new business lines, as well as the purchase of assets, incurrence of indebtedness, the leasing of real property, or other expenditures exceeding certain threshold amounts. The Shareholders Agreement also provides that certain actions must not be taken unless approved by resolution of the shareholder meeting with the affirmative vote of Toppan. Such shareholder reserved matters include the taking of certain material corporate actions, such as mergers, corporate spin-off or business transfer, as well as the amendment of the articles of incorporation, the establishment of subsidiaries, the issuance of new shares in VTS, and remuneration of directors.

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    We may exercise a call option for the shares held by Toppan, and Toppan may exercise a put option for the shares held by Toppan, under the following circumstances:

    In case of a deadlock (defined as lack of resolution on a matter after consideration at two successive board meetings or shareholder meetings, as applicable, for the respective reserved matter), we may purchase the shares held by Toppan at 103% of an agreed going concern valuation based on the price a buyer would pay for all of VTS in an arm's length transaction (adjusted for net debt), or the Going Concern FMV, or Toppan may sell its shares to us at 97% of such valuation.

    In case of "material breach" of certain provisions of the Shareholders Agreement (including the board appointment and removal provisions, the lock-up restrictions, the right of first refusal, the tag-along and the restrictive covenant provisions), if the breaching party is Toppan, we may purchase the shares held by Toppan at 50% of the Going Concern FMV, and if we are the breaching party, Toppan has the right to sell its shares to us at 150% of the agreed going concern valuation.

    If VTS generates net losses for three consecutive years and if the shareholders are unable to reach a viable plan for VTS, we may purchase, or Toppan may request us to purchase, Toppan's shares in VTS at an agreed net asset valuation.

    During a non-compete period ending on the earlier of (i) either shareholder ceasing to hold any shares in VTS or (ii) March 28, 2021, neither shareholder shall, directly or indirectly (i.e., through its affiliates), manufacture copper touch sensors used in touch panel modules or copper PET film used in touch panel sensors, in each case, anywhere in the world.

    Until March 23, 2020, neither shareholder may transfer its interest in VTS to a third party, other than certain permitted transfers to affiliates, except in connection with a sale of the entirety of VTS that has been approved in accordance with the governance provisions of the shareholders agreement, including by Toppan.

    Following the expiration of the lock-up period, neither shareholder may sell its interest in VTS to a third party purchaser for value without first offering the other party a right of first refusal to acquire its interest on the same terms and conditions proposed by the third party purchaser.

        In accordance with the Framework Agreement, VTS also entered into certain commercial agreements with Toppan (or its affiliate, as applicable), to obtain the necessary assets, technologies, human resources and facilities to carry on VTS's business operations.

        The material terms of these commercial agreements are as follows:

    Employee Secondment Agreements:  On March 29, 2018, VTS entered employee secondment agreements with each of Toppan and Toppan Electronics Products Co., Ltd., or TEP, a wholly owned subsidiary of Toppan, pursuant to which Toppan seconds 17 employees and TEP seconds 51 employees at two VTS manufacturing sites located in Shiga and Satte Japan. The secondment period for each secondee is set on an individual basis, with most secondees serving a three-year secondment period ending in March 2021. As of December 31, 2018, the seconded employees represented approximately 95% of VTS's employees at the Shiga and Satte sites.

      VTS may request the extension of the secondment period or convert a secondee to a direct employee of VTS by providing six months' prior notice before the expiration of the applicable secondment period, and VTS and Toppan agree to engage in good faith negotiation to accommodate VTS's request, subject to the consent of the seconded employee. VTS may also request that secondees be replaced or their positions adjusted by delivering written notice to Toppan and engaging in mutual negotiation with Toppan following such request. Under the secondment agreements Toppan is responsible for the administration of the secondees'

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      employment terms, conditions and benefits and Toppan's service policies, including holiday and vacation policies, apply. The cost of the secondees' salaries, pensions, employee-related government taxes and benefits are allocated to VTS. The secondment agreements may be terminated upon an insolvency event of either party, either party's uncured material breach of the agreement, if we cease to control a majority interest in VTS or if Toppan no longer holds any interest in VTS.

    Facility Lease Agreements:  On March 29, 2018, VTS entered two facility lease agreements with Toppan relating to the manufacturing facilities located in Shiga and Satte. Both facilities are located within the premises owned by Toppan and certain administrative services associated with the leases are provided by Toppan Techno Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Toppan. The Shiga lease provides for an initial term of five years with an option in favor of VTS to renew the term for an additional five years. The Satte lease provides for a term of two years and may be extended by mutual agreement by the parties. Each lease provides for rental amounts to be paid in equal monthly installments during the life of the lease, except that rental costs for the first year of the lease, along with certain maintenance and administration costs, are deferred until March and April 2019, respectively, subject to the application of 2% interest. Both lease agreements allocate a portion of certain shared maintenance and administrative costs to VTS. The lease agreements may be terminated upon an insolvency event of either party, either party's uncured material breach of the agreements, if we cease to control a majority interest in VTS or if Toppan no longer holds any interest in VTS.

    Business Assistance Agreement:  Under this agreement, effective March 26, 2018, Toppan provides VTS with certain operational support services, such as sales and production control (including pricing and quotation proposal), manufacturing design operation, procurement, accounting, environmental regulatory compliance, general administration of seconded employees, product shipping and quality control. Additionally, Toppan will allocate an appropriate number of staff with the qualifications to perform these services. The cost of the personnel performing the operational support services is allocated to VTS at fixed monthly rates based on the number of individuals and time dedicated to performing such services. The business assistance agreement has a three-year term and is terminable by VTS on 30 days' prior notice, upon an insolvency event of either party, either party's uncured material breach of the agreement, if we cease to control a majority interest in VTS or if Toppan no longer holds any interest in VTS. We expect to work with VTS to establish its own stand-alone administration system prior to the expiration of the business assistance agreement.

    IP Transfer Agreement:  VTS entered into a Transferred IP Purchase Agreement with Toppan on March 29, 2018, pursuant to which, Toppan transferred certain patent applications and issued patents relating to copper touch panel sensors and copper PET film to VTS for a purchase price of 568,675,000 Japanese Yen (exclusive of consumption tax), which was paid in installments ending on March 31, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the IP Transfer Agreement, the completion of the application registration process with respect to transferred but unissued patents was assumed by VTS. VTS has made substantial progress in connection with completing such registrations.

    IP License Agreement:  Pursuant to the IP License Agreement effective March 29, 2018, Toppan granted VTS a non-exclusive, worldwide license for certain patents (including applications) and certain know-how developed by Toppan (such rights, the Licensed IP) for the purpose of manufacturing, selling, or importing/exporting VTS's products. In general, this agreement remains in force and effective until the expiration of the last licensed patent, unless terminated earlier by either party upon a payment default by VTS, an insolvency event of either party, either party's uncured material breach of the agreement, if we cease to control a majority interest in VTS. In connection with this agreement, VTS agreed to pay Toppan a low single-digit

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      royalty on the total sale proceeds of the VTS products covered by the license, with such royalty fee payable monthly. Toppan provided VTS with certain customary representations and warranties regarding its intellectual property rights in the Licensed IP, including valid ownership and sufficiency of the Licensed IP.

    System Use Agreement:  Pursuant to this agreement effective March 29, 2018, which was amended on December 31, 2018, Toppan granted VTS a non-exclusive right to use certain production management/software systems with respect to sales, production, manufacturing and related systems until June 30, 2019. In connection with this agreement, VTS agreed to pay Toppan a low single digit fee on the total sale proceeds of the VTS products sold during the term of the agreement. Under the agreement, Toppan is also entitled to assess use fees for VTS's use of Toppan hardware or for accessing other services, or if Toppan is required to convert, adapt or materially develop Toppan systems based on company requests. We currently expect that VTS will establish its own management system prior to the expiration of the term of the System Use Agreement.

    R&D and Consignment Agreement:  Pursuant to this agreement dated March 29, 2018, Toppan agreed to make available 11 Toppan employees to perform certain research and development services in accordance with a scheduled plan prepared by VTS. The R&D and Consignment Agreement has an initial term of three years. From and after March 31, 2019, the fees for the R&D services provided under this agreement are payable to Toppan on a monthly basis and calculated generally based on Toppan's staffing costs with applicable mark-up rates, which generally increase each March 31 during the term of the agreement. The R&D and Consignment Agreement provides that any inventions and discoveries developed through the performance of the R&D services shall become the properties either of VTS, Toppan or jointly owned by both parties, depending on the underlying intellectual property which became the basis of such inventions and the nature/usage of the inventions. The R&D and Consignment Agreement may be terminated upon an insolvency event of either party, either party's uncured material breach of the agreement, if we cease to control a majority interest in VTS or if Toppan no longer holds any interest in VTS.

    Distribution Agreement:  Pursuant to this agreement dated March 29, 2018, VTS appoints Toppan to serve as a non-exclusive distributor of copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors during the term of the agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Toppan agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to promote, sell and distribute the covered products and establish and maintain a sales organization for this purpose. The distribution agreement has an initial three year term and automatically renews for successive one-year terms unless terminated by either party on six months' notice. The distribution agreement may also be terminated upon an insolvency event of either party or either party's uncured material breach of the agreement.

Framework Collaboration Agreement with Wacker Chemie AG

        We are party to a Framework Cooperation Agreement with Wacker, dated April 8, 2019, that replaced an earlier agreement between Wacker and us originally signed in 2013. Pursuant to the agreement, Wacker is the sole supplier to us of the base silicone material we use to prepare our VIA bond plus adhesive, a critical element in our optical bonding process. The silicone material has been improved and refined in accordance with our specifications over a number of years under the prior agreement.

        With respect to the continued supply of silicone materials, the new Framework Cooperation Agreement provides as follows: (i) Wacker is required to exclusively provide us with the base silicone material used in our VIA bond plus adhesive per the specifications set forth in such agreement so long

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as we satisfy a minimum delivery amount per calendar year, (ii) we are required to purchase all of our requirements of our silicone materials from Wacker, if the silicone material is suitable for the project and approved by our customer and except to the extent that Wacker is unable to meet our requirements (which Wacker is required to confirm in writing within one week of our request for material) in which event we are permitted to obtain a suitable different material, (iii) the price of such material shall be mutually negotiated each year during the fourth quarter, with the contract being terminable if the parties are not able to agree on terms and (iv) Wacker's liability is limited as it solely warrants that the silicone material will meet the specifications provided in the agreement. The Framework Cooperation Agreement has an initial term ending December 31, 2021 and thereafter automatically renews for successive one year terms unless it is earlier terminated on six months' advance notice.

        The new Framework Cooperation Agreement also establishes Wacker and us as development partners for materials in the area of optical bonding, providing that Wacker will be identified to customers as the bearer of expertise in the manufacturing of products required for optical bonding and we will be identified to customers as the bearer of expertise with respect to the processing, assembly, development and optimization of applications and the development of assembly equipment. The agreement also provides that it is not intended to affect any pre-existing intellectual property rights of the parties or to effect any cross-licensing of intellectual property.

        We have begun to validate other suppliers to provide us with a different silicone material to use in the preparation of the bonding adhesive employed in our optical bonding process if Wacker is at any time unable to fulfill our requirements. However, this may not effectively reduce our exposure to Wacker. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business."

Collaboration with Corning

        Corning, one of our commercial partners, has agreed to purchase ADSs at an aggregate purchase price of $20 million in a separate private placement that we expect to be completed shortly after this offering, at a price per ADS equal to 95% of the initial public offering price in this offering. The sale of ADSs to Corning will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We provided Corning with customary representations, warranties and indemnities in the investment agreement and we have agreed to allow Corning to include its ADSs in certain registrations we may file after this offering until the second anniversary of the closing of this offering and thereafter to the extent Corning's securities are not then freely tradeable under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Corning is required to pay the purchase price for its ADSs within three business days of the receipt of the excerpt from the commercial register relating to the corresponding increase in our registered share capital, which filing will be submitted concurrently with the consummation of this offering.

        The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the private placement of shares to Corning. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to American Depositary Shares and this Offering—The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the private placement of shares to Corning. Corning may elect not to consummate the concurrent private placement if the initial public offering has not closed by a specified date, if there is an uncured material breach of the commercial agreement we entered into concurrently with our execution of the investment agreement, or if certain of the representations and warranties we made in the investment agreement are not accurate."

        Upon execution of the investment agreement, we also entered into three commercial agreements with Corning Auto Glass Solutions, LLC or one of its affiliates (Corning) to collaborate on the development and manufacture of glass-on frame cold formed, or three dimensional formed surface, products for automotive interiors employing our optical bonding technology and Corning's cold forming technology which enables three-dimensional (3D) shaped cover glass designs, including automotive dashboard and instrument clusters made out of a single piece of formed glass. Automotive interiors

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includes cockpit and interior solutions of passenger vehicles, including automobiles, trucks, aircraft, seacraft and trains. The agreements include provisions relating to development, supply, manufacturing, cost-sharing and exclusivity, and delineate the respective intellectual property rights of the parties. We have no financial commitments under the agreements until work orders are entered into.

Government Regulation

        We are subject to environmental, health and safety regulations in Germany, as well as in the countries where our products are used or sold or produced.

Germany

    Legal Requirements for Manufacturing Sites, Facilities and Operations

    Emissions Control Law

        Our production processes generate emissions, in particular noise. As a result, we are subject to the rules and regulations of the Federal Emissions Control Act (Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz, or BImSchG). The Federal Emissions Control Act contains provisions aiming at the prevention of harmful effects on the environment caused by air pollution, noise, vibration and similar environmental emissions. Companies causing such environmental emissions in Germany are subject to the supervision of the Federal Environment Agency and require a permit to perform their activities causing such emissions. We currently do not require any permits to be granted under the Federal Emissions Control Act as the emissions (such as noise) caused by our operations do not exceed certain threshold levels as determined by the Federal Emission Control Act.

        As our products are mainly manufactured by machines, we are also required to comply with the 32nd Regulation on the Implementation of the Federal Emissions Control Act, or Ordinance on Equipment and Machine Noise Protection (Geräte- und Maschinenlärmschutzverordnung—32. BImSchV). We are further subject to the 1st Regulation on the Implementation of the Federal Emission Control Act, or Ordinance on Small and Medium-sized Firing Installations (Verordnung über kleine und mittlere Feuerungsanlagen—1. BImschV) as we use ovens for temperature testing of our products as part of our quality management. We are in compliance in all material aspects with these emission control laws.

    Production, Possession and Handling of Waste and Dangerous Goods

        Our business activities result in the generation, possession and handling of waste. We are subject to the German Act on Recycling (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz, or KrWG) and the corresponding ordinances. In accordance therewith, the generation, possession and handling of waste is subject to several obligations, depending, among other things, on the characteristics of the waste concerned. As producer (Erzeuger) and possessor (Besitzer) of waste, we are generally responsible for the proper handling of such waste, and we are in compliance in all material aspects with the relevant rules and regulations.

        Section 50 of the KrWG requires producers, possessors, collectors and transporters of waste and disposal firms to verify to the competent authority the proper disposal of hazardous waste (gefährliche Abfälle). Whether a certain substance qualifies as hazardous waste is determined according to the German Ordinance on the European Waste List (Verordnung über das Europäische Abfallverzeichnis). Save for ethanol-containing cleanser in low volumes we do not use or produce any hazardous waste in our production process.

        We additionally comply in all material aspects with the requirements of the Battery Law (Batteriegesetz, or BattG) by disposing the batteries we use in an environmental-friendly way. We also comply with the provisions of the Packaging Law (Verpackungsgesetz, or VerpackG) which entered into force on 1 January 2019, replacing the Packaging Ordinance (Verpackungsverordnung). The Packaging Law applies to all distributors who put packaging into commercial circulation on the German market for the first time (referred to as "manufacturers")—i.e. both for national producers and for importers. The Packaging Law requires manufacturers to register and participate in a disposal and recycling system in relation to its product packaging.

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        Furthermore, we comply in all material aspects with the Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 18, 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). The European Union adopted the REACH Regulation to improve the protection of human health and the environment from the risks that can be posed by hazardous chemicals. In general, we do not use any hazardous chemicals other than ethanol-containing cleanser in our production process which, given the low volumes used by us, cannot be expected to have a negative impact on the environment.

    Product Safety

        Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 3, 2001 on general product safety, which has been implemented in Germany by the German Product Safety Act (Produktsicherheitsgesetz, or ProdSG) as well as various governmental regulations (Rechtsverordnungen) on the safety of specific products and product groups, impose various obligations on manufactures. The German Product Safety Act applies whenever products are made available on the market, exhibited or first used in the context of a commercial activity, unless other legal provisions provide for corresponding or more far-reaching provisions on user protection.

        Under the German Product Safety Act, a product may be made available on the market only if it complies with specific regulations applicable to such product, or, in the absence of such specific regulations, if its intended or foreseeable use does not put the health and safety of persons at risk.

        In addition to compliance with this general safety requirement, if products are made available to consumers, manufacturers must provide consumers with the necessary information allowing them to assess the risks inherent in such product where such risks are not obvious without adequate warnings and to take precautions against those risks. If manufacturers or distributors of consumer products become aware that a product is dangerous, they must notify the competent authorities and, where required, cooperate with them. Under certain circumstances, a product may have to be recalled. Our company has never been subject to a claim or order to recall any of its products under the German Product Safety Act.

    Potential Fault-Based Liability and Strict Liability related to Products

        In accordance with general principles of German civil law, we may be subject to fault-based liability for damages (Schadensersatz) caused by a breach of contract or unlawful infringement of legally protected rights of others by our own acts but also by any actions of individuals that work or undertake tasks for us or on our behalf in accordance with Sections 278 and 831 of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch or BGB).

        Under the German Product Liability Act (Produkthaftungsgesetz, or ProdHaftG) we may be strictly liable (i.e. liable regardless of our fault), as a "producer" for damages caused by a defective product. "Producer" means any participant in the production process, or importer, of a defective product, any person putting a name, trademark or other distinguishing feature on the product, and any person supplying a product whose actual producer cannot be identified. "Defectiveness" means the lack of compliance with safety requirements which the general public is entitled to expect when taking into account, among other things, the presentation of the product and the uses to which it can reasonably be put. We are not involved in any pending or threatened product liability cases or claims under the German Product Liability Act or other applicable regulations regarding product liability.

    Liability for Environmental Damages

        In the event of damage to persons or property caused by our facilities, we may additionally be strictly liable under the German Act on Liability for Environmental Damage (Umwelthaftungsgesetz, or UmwHG) or under the German Environmental Damage Act (Umweltschadensgesetz, or UmwSG), and

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the members of our management board, our supervisory board and our employees may even incur criminal liability under the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, or StGB). We are not involved in any pending or threatened cases or claims under the German Act on Liability for Environmental Damage or the German Environmental Damage Act.

    Occupational Health and Safety Requirement.

        Occupational health and safety laws are applicable where a work environment may pose threats to employees. German law on occupational safety is heavily influenced by the requirements of the laws of the European Union. The key rules on occupational safety in Germany are contained in the German Act on Occupational Safety (Arbeitsschutzgesetz, or ArbSchG), which requires employers to provide for their employees' safety. This general obligation has been put into effect through several ordinances (Rechtsverordnungen) under the German Act on Occupational Safety, which are, in turn, more fully specified in technical guidelines. Among the relevant ordinances applicable to us is the Workplaces Ordinance (Arbeitsstättenverordnung), which contains various regulations on workplace conditions relating to, for example, ventilation, temperature and illumination. We are in compliance in all material aspects with the occupational and safety laws that are applicable to us.

        In addition, we are monitored by the employers' liability insurance association (Berufsgenossenschaft). All companies in Germany are required to be member of the Berufsgenossenschaft, which is monitoring the companies regarding compliance with occupational health and safety requirements.

    Data Protection and Data Privacy

    Data protection in general

        The collection, processing and other use of personal data is extensively regulated by European and national legislation. At the EU level, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016, also known as the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, entered into force on May 25, 2018. In Germany, the General Data Protection Regulation is supplemented and modified by the German Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz, or BDSG), which was recently amended with effect from May 25, 2018, as well as data protection statutes on state level.

        In general, the GDPR regulates when and how personal data may be collected, for what purposes it may be processed, for how long such data may be stored and to whom and how it may be transferred. The GDPR contains strict requirements for obtaining the consent of data subjects (i.e. the persons to whom personal data relates) regarding the use and processing of their personal data. Such consent may be withdrawn at any time without cause, disallowing the continued use of the data concerned. In addition, transfer of personal data to recipients outside the EEA is subject to specific requirements. In connection with our business operations, we store personal data of customers in our CRM and ERP systems as part of our sales processes.

        The GDPR also requires businesses to take organizational measures such as the appointment of a data protection officer (Datenschutzbeauftragter), who, inter alia, monitors compliance with the requirements of the GDPR. We have retained an external data protection officer which monitors compliance with the GDPR. In addition, it may require a so-called privacy impact assessment in cases where an envisaged data processing operation is likely to result in high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals concerned.

        In addition to the GDPR and the German Data Protection Act, various sector-specific statues set forth specific rules which apply to certain industries or businesses and, within their respective scope, override the general provisions of the German Data Protection Act.

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    Individual rights of data subjects

        Under the GDPR data subjects, inter alia, have the right to require information about what data has been recorded with respect to them, how their data is being processed, the right to data portability as well as the right to restrict certain processing of their data. Furthermore, the GDPR establishes a "right to be forgotten". As a result, a data subject may require that data relating to such data subject be deleted where, for example, the data subject has withdrawn his or her consent to use or storage of such data.

    Consequences of non-compliance

        Under the GDPR, any violation of applicable provisions may result in severe fines. Depending on the infringement, fines up to the higher of 4% of the annual worldwide turnover of the "undertaking" (which, in connection with a company that belongs to a corporate group, may relate to the entire group) for the last fiscal year or €20.0 million may be imposed. In addition, the GDPR grants individual data subjects the right to claim damages for violation of their rights under the GDPR.

China

    Production, Possession and Handling of Waste and Dangerous Goods

        Our business activities in China result in the generation and discharging of waste, including hazardous waste. Pursuant to the PRC Environmental Protection Law promulgated on September 13, 1979, amended on December 26, 1989 and April 24, 2014, and effective as of January 1, 2015, as well as the Measures for Pollutant Discharge Permitting Administration (for Trial Implementation) promulgated on January 10, 2018 and effective as of the same date, a pollutant discharging entity shall hold a pollutant discharge permit as legally required, and the handling of hazardous waste is subject to special obligations such as registering with local authorities and helping authorities track the transfer of the hazardous waste to a qualified hazardous waste disposal entity. Our Chinese subsidiary has obtained the required permits.

    Legal Requirements Related to Products

    Product Safety

        Pursuant to the Product Quality Law of PRC promulgated on February 22, 1993 and amended on July 8, 2000 and August 27, 2009, companies are prohibited from producing or selling products that do not meet applicable standards and requirements for safeguarding human health and ensuring human and property safety. Products must be free from unreasonable dangers threatening human and property safety. Where a defective product causes physical injury to a person or property damage, the aggrieved party may make a claim for compensation from the producer or the seller of the product. Producers and sellers of non-compliant products may be ordered to cease the production or sale of the products and could be subject to confiscation of the products and/or fines. Earnings from sales in contravention of such standards or requirements may also be confiscated, and in severe cases, an offender's business license may be revoked.

    Work Safety

        Under relevant work safety laws and regulations, including the Work Safety Law of the PRC which was promulgated on June 29, 2002, amended on August 27, 2009, August 31, 2014, and effective as of December 1, 2014, production and operating business entities must establish objectives and measures for work safety and improve the working environment and conditions for workers in a planned and systematic way. A work safety protection scheme must also be set up to implement a work safety responsibility system. In addition, production and operating business entities must arrange for work

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safety training and provide employees with protective equipment that meets the national standards or industrial standards. An entity or its relevant persons-in-charge who have failed to perform such safety measures will be required to rectify within a time limit or face administrative penalties. If the failure is not rectified within the prescribed time limit, the entity may be ordered to suspend business until such time as the failure is rectified, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities. We are in compliance with the Production Safety Law.

    Environmental Protection

        Pursuant to the Environmental Protection Law of the PRC promulgated on December 26, 1989, amended on April 24, 2014 and effective on January 1, 2015, any entity which discharges or will discharge pollutants during the course of its operations or other activities must implement effective environmental protection safeguards and procedures to control and properly treat waste gas, waste water, waste residue, dust, noise vibrations, electromagnetic radiation and other hazards produced during such activities.

        Environmental protection authorities impose various administrative penalties on persons or enterprises in violation of the Environmental Protection Law. Such penalties include warnings, fines, orders to rectify within the prescribed period, orders to cease construction, orders to restrict or suspend production, orders to make recovery, orders to disclose relevant information or make an announcement, imposition of administrative action against relevant responsible persons, and orders to shut down enterprises. Any person or entity that pollutes the environment resulting in damage could also be held liable under the Tort Law of the PRC. In addition, environmental organizations may also bring lawsuits against any entity that discharges pollutants detrimental to the public welfare.

    Potential Liability for Products and Environmental Losses

        Our business activities in China are exposed to product liability and liability for environmental damage.

        Our Chinese subsidiary is engaged in the production and sales of the display screen and the TFT-LCD display panel and relevant products. As a producer, our Chinese subsidiary may be held strictly liable (i.e., liable regardless of our fault) for damages caused by a defective product. Pursuant to the PRC Product Quality Law, producers may be protected from liability only if they can prove the case falls into one of the following three circumstances: (i) the products have not been put into circulation; (ii) the defects were non-existent when the products were put into circulation; or (iii) the defects could not be found at the time of circulation due to scientific and technological reasons. Punitive compensation could be available if the producer or seller knowingly produces or sells a defective product that causes death or serious damages to the health of others.

        As for the environmental liabilities, according to the PRC Tort Law, polluters are strictly liable for any damages caused to the environment. Any entity which discharges pollutants shall assume the burden to prove that it should not be liable or its liability could be mitigated under certain circumstances as provided for by law or to prove that there is no causation between its conduct and the harm. Even if the entity complies with all the national or local pollutant discharge standards, it may still be held liable in accordance with a judicial interpretation issued by Supreme People's Court on the liability for environmental torts.

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Japan

    Legal Requirements for Manufacturing Sites, Facilities and Operations

    Production, Possession and Handling of Waste and Dangerous Goods or Those Otherwise Harmful to the Environment

        Under the Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law of Japan (Act No. 137 of December 25, 1970; the "Waste Management Law"), a business operator must, among other things, appropriately dispose of its industrial waste pursuant to the cabinet ordinance promulgated under the Waste Management Law regarding the disposal and transportation of industrial wastes, or otherwise entrust transportation and disposal of industrial waste to a waste management firm with a permit issued by the applicable prefectural governor under the Waste Management Law.

        Under the Act on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons (Act No. 64 of June 22, 2001), users of specified products such as commercial refrigerators or air conditioners containing fluorocarbon refrigerants, must, among other things, conduct examinations, and are required to report any fluorocarbon leakage to the competent minister. Further, maintenance operators of such specified products must engage with professional firms registered with prefectural government, and to handle filing and collection of fluorocarbons.

    Emission/Effluent/Noise Control

        Under the Water Pollution Prevention Act of Japan (Act No. 138 of December 25, 1970), a plant operator or other business entity which discharges water from a "Specified Facility" must, among other things, register such Specified Facility in advance with the applicable prefectural governor. A "Specified Facility" is a facility discharging water that either (i) contains harmful substances, such as cadmium, as specified by the cabinet ordinance, or (ii) has a level of pollution likely to negatively affect living conditions as measured by the cabinet ordinance, including based on chemical oxygen demand. The operator of such Specified Facility must, among other requirements, comply with the effluent standards set forth by the ministerial ordinance of the Ministry of Environment, and periodically measure the pollution level of discharged water.

        Under the Act on Confirmation, etc. of Release Amounts of Specific Chemical Substances in the Environment and Promotion of Improvements to the Management Thereof (Act No. 86 of July 13, 1999; the "PRTR Act"), a business operator that handles designated chemical substances which pose a risk to human health or wildlife habitats (or materials easily transformed into such substances), must, among other things, measure and confirm the released amount and the transferred amount, and notify annually the competent minister such as the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (via prefectural governor) of such released amount and the transferred amount, pursuant to the applicable regulations set by such competent minister.

        Under the Air Pollution Control Act (Act No. 97 of June 10, 1968), a business operator must, among other things, take necessary measures to determine the status of the emission and dispersal into the atmosphere of "hazardous air pollutants" associated with their business activities, and to control such emission and dispersal. Copper and its compound are materials which could be classified as hazardous air pollutants.

        Under the Noise Regulation Act (Act No. 98 of June 10, 1968), a business operator with certain noise-generating facilities located in a designated area must, among other things, comply with the maximum noise generation standards under the Act, which are respectively specified based on the time periods (mid-day, morning/evening and night) and the nature of areas (residential, industrial, etc.).

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    Legal Requirements Related to Products

    Product Safety

        Under the Industry Safety and Health Act (Act No. 57 of June 8, 1972; the "ISHA"), a business entity which delivers products containing certain material classified as harmful under the ISHA is required, among other things, to notify certain matters set forth by the ministerial ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare upon delivery of such products, in writing or by other method as prescribed by such ordinance. Further, under the Fire Services Act (Act No. 186 of July 24, 1948), a party who stores or handles designated inflammables such as synthetic resins, must notify the applicable regional fire station director in advance.

    Occupational Health and Safety Requirements

        Under the relevant work safety laws and regulations, including the ISHA, an employer such as our Japanese subsidiary must comply with the standards for preventing industrial accidents set forth in the ISHA, and ensure the safety and health of workers in workplaces by creating a comfortable work environment and improving working conditions. Further, an employer must, depending on the size of its plants as set forth by the ministerial regulations of the ISHA, appoint a general safety and health manager in charge of each workplace, to establish measures to, among other things, prevent physical risks or health hazards to workers, provide education on occupational health and safety, and prevent workplace accidents. Our manufacturing sites in Japan are in compliance with the relevant work safety laws and regulations, including the ISHA.

    Environmental Protection

        The Basic Environment Law (Act No. 91 of November 19, 1993; the "Basic Environment Act") sets forth the basic policy with respect to the environmental obligations of a business operator, and generally requires such business operator: (i) to take appropriate measures to prevent pollution and preserve the environment, (ii) to take appropriate measures for disposal of products which become waste, (iii) to make efforts to reduce the environmental burden in the use or disposal of products, including utilizing raw materials that minimize such environmental impact, and (iv) to cooperate with national and local governments with respect to environment preservation policy. The Basic Environment Act is intended to promote measures to mitigate global warming, and to further promote measures to reduce carbon emissions under the Act on Rationalizing Energy Use (Act No. 49 of June 22, 1979; the "Energy Use Act"), as amended. Also refer to Legal Requirements for Manufacturing Sites, Facilities and OperationsProduction, Possession and Handling of Waste and Dangerous Goods, and—Legal Requirements for Manufacturing Sites, Facilities and Operations Emission/Effluent Control.

    Potential Liability for Products and Environmental Losses

        Manufacturing business operations in Japan are potentially exposed to product liability and liability for environmental damages, including the liabilities enumerated below.

        A manufacturer of products may be strictly liable for damages caused by a defective product. Pursuant to the Product Liability Act of Japan (Act No. 85 of July 1, 1994; the "PL Act"), manufacturers are liable for damages arising from the deprivation of life, health or property of others that is caused by the defect in the delivered product unless, (i) such defect could not have been discovered given the state of scientific or technical knowledge at the time when the manufacturer delivered the product or (ii) in case where the product is used as a component or raw material in another product, if the defect occurred primarily because of the compliance with the instructions concerning the design given by the manufacturer of such other product, and that the manufacturer is not negligent with respect to the occurrence of such defect. The scope of damage will be determined

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pursuant to general tort and contract principles under the Civil Code of Japan (Act No. 89 of April 27, 1896).

        With respect to environmental liabilities, under the Water Pollution Prevention Act, polluters are strictly liable for any damages caused on human life or health, resulting from the discharge of polluted water or waste water containing harmful substances, in connection with their business operations. If an accident occurs at a Specified Facility that results in the discharge of water containing harmful substances likely to harm human health or living conditions, the operator of such Specified Facility must immediately take measures to prevent subsequent discharge or permeation of water containing harmful substances, and must notify the prefecture governor of such measures taken.

Worldwide

        Our operations and the activities of our employees, contractors and agents around the world are subject to the laws and regulations of numerous countries, including the United States and Taiwan. These laws and regulations include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, prohibitions on payments to governmental officials, import and trade restrictions and export requirements. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against our officers, our employees, or us and may result in prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could also result in prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results.

        Our operations (particularly in those countries with developing economies) are also subject to risks of violations of laws prohibiting improper payments and bribery, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and similar regulations in other jurisdictions. Although we intend to implement policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, our employees, contractors and agents may take actions in violation of such policies. Any such violations, even if prohibited by our policies, could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and reputation.

Legal Proceedings

        From time to time, we may be subject to various claims or legal, arbitral or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are currently not a party to, and we are not aware of any threat of, any legal, arbitral or administrative proceedings which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Insurance

        We maintain comprehensive business liability insurance coverage (Betriebshaftpflichtversicherung) for our business operations in Germany, as well as in the United States and China where we have operations. In addition, we have obtained directors and officers liability insurance, which covers expenses, capped at a certain amount, that our management and supervisory board members and our executive managers may incur in connection with their conduct as members of our management and supervisory boards or executive managers. We also maintain insurance policies/a group insurance policy for our employees covering occupational accidents, car insurance policies, a legal expenses insurance policy and also insurance covering the risks of damaging our assets, business interruptions, transport risks and foreign travel health costs. We consider the insurance coverage we have to be adequate in light of the risks we face.

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MANAGEMENT

Overview

        We are a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft, or AG) with our registered offices in Germany. We are subject to German legislation on stock corporations, most importantly the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz). In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act, our corporate bodies are the management board (Vorstand), the supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat) and the shareholders' meeting (Hauptversammlung). Our management board and supervisory board are entirely separate and, as a rule, no individual may simultaneously be a member of both the management board and the supervisory board.

        Our management board is responsible for the day-to-day management of our business in accordance with applicable laws, our articles of association (Satzung) and the management board's internal rules of procedure (Geschäftsordnung). Our management board represents us in our dealings with third parties and is responsible for implementing an internal monitoring system for risk management purposes.

        The principal function of our supervisory board is to supervise our management board. The supervisory board is also responsible for appointing and dismissing the members of our management board and representing us in connection with transactions between a current or former member of the management board and us.

        Under German law, members of the management board and the supervisory board owe a duty of loyalty and care to us. In carrying out their duties, management board and supervisory board members are required to exercise the standard of care of a prudent and diligent businessperson or supervisory board member, as the case may be. If they fail to observe the appropriate standard of care, they may become liable to the company.

        In carrying out their duties, members of the management board and the supervisory board may take into account a broad range of considerations when making decisions. These considerations include the company's interests and the interests of our shareholders, employees, creditors and, to a limited extent, the general public, while respecting the rights of our shareholders to be treated equally.

        Our supervisory board has comprehensive monitoring responsibilities. To ensure that our supervisory board is in a position to carry out these functions properly, our management board must, among other duties, regularly report to our supervisory board regarding our current business operations and future business planning (including financial, investment and personnel planning). In addition, our supervisory board is entitled to request special reports from the management board at any time.

        Under German law, our shareholders have no direct recourse against the members of our management board or supervisory board if they have breached their duty of loyalty and care to us. Apart from insolvency or other special circumstances, only we have the ability to claim damages from the management board and supervisory board members. We may only waive these claims to damages or settle these claims if at least three years have passed since the violation of a duty occurred, and our shareholders approve the waiver or settlement at a shareholders' meeting with a simple majority of the votes cast at such meeting. However, a waiver or settlement is not permitted if shareholders who in the aggregate hold one-tenth or more of our share capital object to the waiver or settlement and have their objection formally recorded in the minutes of the shareholder meeting by a German civil law notary.

        The following description, as far as it relates to our articles of association, is based on our articles of association, as adopted by our general shareholders' meeting on July 4, 2019.

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Supervisory Board

        Our supervisory board currently consists of five members. All members of our current supervisory board were elected by the shareholders' meeting in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act. As we grow, our supervisory board may be required to include employee representatives subject to the provisions of the German One-Third Employee Representation Act (Drittelbeteiligungsgesetz), which applies to companies that on a regular basis employ more than 500 employees in Germany (on a headcount basis), or the German Codetermination Act (Mitbestimmungsgesetz), which applies to companies that on a regular basis employ more than 2,000 employees in Germany (on a headcount basis). Based on the size of our workforce, none of these provisions currently apply to us and we are not required to include employee representatives as members of our supervisory board.

        Under German law, the members of a supervisory board may be elected for a maximum term of approximately five years, depending on the date of the annual general shareholders' meeting at which the members of the supervisory board are elected. This time period may not extend past the end of the shareholders' meeting ratifying the acts of the supervisory board for the fourth full financial year following the commencement of their respective terms of office. For example, if a potential supervisory board member is elected in May 2020, his or her term of office may not extend past the shareholders' meeting ratifying the acts of the supervisory board in the financial year 2024. These rules do not apply to the members of the first supervisory board elected following the formation of a stock corporation.

        Re-election, including repeated re-election, is permissible. The shareholders' meeting may specify a term of office for individual members or all of the members of our supervisory board that is shorter than the maximum term of office and, subject to statutory limits, may set different start and end dates for the term of office of individual supervisory board members. In line with the German law rules governing the election of the members of the first supervisory board of a stock corporation following its formation, the members of our supervisory board were elected to serve until the end of our first ordinary shareholders' meeting that adopts a resolution on the discharge from personal liability of the supervisory board members for the first financial year, taking place in 2020.

        Members of our supervisory board may be dismissed at any time during their term of office by a resolution of the shareholders' meeting adopted by a simple majority of the votes cast at such meeting. In addition, any member of our supervisory board may resign at any time by giving one month's written notice of his or her resignation to the Chairman of our supervisory board or, in case the Chairman resigns, to the Vice Chairman. Our supervisory board may agree upon a shorter notice period.

        The shareholders' meeting may, at the time when it elects the members of the supervisory board, also elect one or more substitute members. Should the term of office of a member of our supervisory board end prematurely the substitute member will replace such supervisory board member for the remainder of his or her original term of office. Currently, no substitute members have been elected or have been proposed to be elected.

        Our supervisory board elects a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its members. The Vice Chairman assumes the Chairman's responsibilities and duties whenever the Chairman is unable to discharge his or her duties. Anil Kumar Doradla, Anthony John Best, Diosdado P. Banatao, Jerome S. Tan and Dr. Heiko Frank were elected as members of our supervisory board. The members of our supervisory board have elected Dr. Heiko Frank as Chairman of the supervisory board and Jerome S. Tan as Vice Chairman of the supervisory board, each for his respective term of office.

        German law does not require the majority of our supervisory board members to be independent. However, pursuant to a recommendation contained in the German Corporate Governance Code (as in force as of the day of filing of this prospectus), the supervisory board shall include such number of independent members as it considers appropriate, taking into account the shareholder structure. Pursuant to number 5.4.2 of the German Corporate Governance Code, a supervisory board member is

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deemed independent if such member has no business or personal relationships with us, the management board, a controlling shareholder or an affiliate of a controlling shareholder that could give rise to a material and not only temporary conflict of interest. The supervisory board passed a resolution, as recommended by the German Corporate Governance Code, setting forth targets for the composition of the supervisory board, and determined that at least three out of the five supervisory board members should be independent within the meaning of the German Corporate Governance Code.

        Our supervisory board has also determined that a majority of our supervisory board members are independent directors in accordance with the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. The independence definition of the New York Stock Exchange considers a number of factors and includes a series of objective tests to ensure, among other things, that the supervisory board member is not currently employed by us, and has not been for the last three years, and prohibits the supervisory board member or any of his or her family members from engaging in enumerated types of business dealings with us. As required by the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, our supervisory board has affirmatively determined as to three supervisory board members, Messrs Banatao, Best and Doradla, that no relationships exist between such supervisory board member or any family member of such supervisory board member and our company, or any entities affiliated with our company, which, in the opinion of our supervisory board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a supervisory board member. For the purpose of determining the independence of our supervisory board members, our supervisory board reviewed and discussed information provided by the members of the supervisory board and by us with regard to each supervisory board member's business and personal activities and relationships as they may relate to us, our management and our shareholders and their affiliated entities.

        The composition of our supervisory board may become subject to further independence requirements when the revised version of the existing German Corporate Governance Code comes into force. The Government Commission published a new version of the German Corporate Governance Code on May 9, 2019. However, the revised German Corporate Governance Code will only be submitted to the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection for publication after the Act on the Implementation of the Second EU Shareholder Rights Directive ("ARUG II") will have entered into force. The revised German Corporate Governance Code will come into force upon its publication in the German Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger). One of the major aspects of the reform of the German Corporate Governance Code is further clarification of the independence criteria for supervisory board members.

        The supervisory board meets at least four times per year, twice during each of the first and the second half of each financial year. Our articles of association and the supervisory board's rules of procedure provide that a quorum of the supervisory board members is achieved if at least three of its members, participate in the vote. Abstention is regarded as participation in the vote, but is not included in the calculation of the votes cast. Members of our supervisory board are deemed to be participating in a vote if they participate via telephone or video conference, as long as no other member of the supervisory board objects to such form of participation. Any absent member may also participate in the vote by submitting his or her written vote through another member.

        Resolutions of our supervisory board are passed with a simple majority of the votes cast, unless otherwise required by law, our articles of association or the rules of procedure of our supervisory board. In the event of a tied vote, the Chairman has the tie-breaking vote.

        Under the German Stock Corporation Act, our supervisory board is not permitted to make management decisions. However, in accordance with German law, our supervisory board determined on July 25, 2019 that certain matters require its prior consent, including:

    any material changes to our business strategy;

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    the approval of our budget, including our operational and investment budget as well as our related financing plan;

    capital expenditures or investments (including leasing agreements) exceeding €1,000,000 for a single investment, and investments where the total amount of the investments exceeds €2,000,000 per financial year;

    the purchase or sale of real estate or legal entities or the purchase, sale, creation, extension, reduction or termination of business activities, including tangible or intangible assets, where the relevant price or value, in each case, exceeds €1,000,000;

    M&A activities, including the acquisition or sale of businesses, shares or securities;

    the execution or amendment of an agreement for or relating to borrowing, lending, underwriting guarantees or suretyships or assuming similar liabilities outside the ordinary course of business where each amount exceeds €1,000,000;

    the conclusion or amendment of credit agreements exceeding €2,000,000 or the extension of existing credit lines by more than €2,000,000;

    the conclusion or amendment of an operating lease, land lease or rental agreement in relation to real estate, buildings or similar objects, if our obligations associated with such agreement exceed €500,000 per year;

    expenditures or capital investments exceeding €1,000,000 in each case;

    any material change or amendment to our code of conduct;

    the adoption of pension plans and the commitment to and payment of pensions;

    the hiring of executives and employees with a fixed annual salary exceeding €260,000, as well as hiring personnel if the number of new hires exceeds 5% of the budgeted full time workforce (by headcount) for the respective financial year;

    the conclusion or amendment of transactions between the company and any member of the management board, as well as persons or companies associated with a member of the management board, including relatives of the aforesaid persons within the meaning of Section 15 of the German Tax Code (Abgabenordnung);

    the sale, disposal or licensing of material intellectual property rights outside the company's ordinary course of business;

    the conclusion, amendment or termination of agreements concerning risky financial transactions such as swaps, options, forward sales or purchases, futures and other financial derivatives and combinations thereof; and

    the creation, amendment or termination of employee stock option programs or virtual phantom stock option programs or any other bonus or incentive plans for employees.

        In addition to the matters that our supervisory board has determined from time to time to require its prior consent, as a matter of German law, certain transactions or other matters may only be carried out or implemented subject to our supervisory board's prior consent.

        The rules of procedure of our supervisory board provide that a supervisory board member may not continue to serve on our supervisory board past his or her 75th birthday.

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        The following table sets forth the names and functions of the current members of our supervisory board, their ages, their terms (which expire on the date of the relevant year's general shareholders' meeting) and their principal occupations outside of the company:

Name
  Age   Term
Expires
  Principal occupation
Diosdado P. Banatao     72     2020   Chief Executive Officer of Wave Computing Inc.
Anthony John Best     59     2020   Strategic Financial Director and Advisor of Surface International Inc.
Anil Kumar Doradla     50     2020   Chief Financial Officer of Airgain Inc.
Dr. Heiko Frank (Chairman)     54     2020   Managing Director of Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH
Jerome S. Tan (Vice Chairman)     59     2020   Chief Financial Officer of Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc.

        The business address of the members of our supervisory board is the same as our business address: VIA optronics AG, Sieboldstrasse 18, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.

        The following is a brief summary of the business experience of the members of our supervisory board:

        Diosdado Banatao, an American citizen, became a member of our supervisory board on July 4, 2019. Mr. Banatao founded and serves as executive Chairman of Wave Computing Inc. He also serves as Chairman and as a member of the compensation committee of Thinci Inc. Wave Computing Inc. and Thinci Inc. are both portfolio companies of Tallwood Venture Capital. In 2000, Mr. Banatao founded Tallwood Venture Capitals, a venture capital investment firm with approximately €300 million of assets under management, and currently serves as a Managing Director. Mr. Banatao holds a bachelor of science in electric engineering from the Mapua Institute of Technology, a master of science in electrical engineering and computer science from Stanford University, and a doctor of technology (honoris causa) from the Mindanao State University. Mr. Banatao was awarded the Master Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 1997 by Ernst & Young, Inc. Magazine and Merrill Lynch Business Financial Services. Mr. Banatao was also listed on the Forbes Midas List from 2002 through 2006. We believe that Mr. Banatao's diverse and long-term experience as founder and leader of various technology firms provides him with valuable insights into our operations and industry, enabling him to contribute diverse experience and expertise to our supervisory board.

        Anthony John Best, an English citizen, became a member of our supervisory board on July 4, 2019. Mr. Best has served as an alternate director of Surface Technology International Inc. since May 2017. Previously, Mr. Best has served as a director of Surface Technology International Inc. between 2010 and 2017, and as a trustee director in manufacturing and consultancy of HSSMI Ltd. between 2015 and 2019. Additionally, Mr. Best served as a fund director of Renshaw Bay LLP from 2012 until 2016 and was a Chairman of SME capital Ltd. between June 2015 and January 2019. Mr. Best received a bachelor degree in politics, philosophy and economics from Oxford University in 1982. We believe that Mr. Best's long term experience in business and finance provides him with valuable insights into our business, particularly in the area of finance.

        Anil Kumar Doradla, an American citizen, became a member of our supervisory board on July 4, 2019. He has served as chief financial officer of Airgain Inc. since 2018. Between 2008 and 2018, Mr. Doradla served as an equity research analyst at William Blair. In 1992, Mr. Doradla received a Bachelor's degree in technology from the Sri Venkatesawara University in Tirupati in India. He also holds a master of science from the Virginia Tech University, and completed his MBA in business, finance and management at the University of Texas at Austin in 2004. We believe that Mr. Doradla's experience in the area of business and finance, including his role as Chief Financial Officer at Airgain Inc., provide him with valuable insights into our business, particularly in the area of finance.

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        Dr. Heiko Frank, a German citizen, became a member of our supervisory board on January 4, 2019. Dr. Frank served as member of the advisory board (Beirat) of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH prior to our corporate reorganization. Between February 2013 and March 2016, Dr. Frank served as a management board member of IMAP M&A Consultants AG. Since April 2016, Dr. Frank has been a shareholder in and has served as Managing Director of Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH, a financial advisory firm. Dr. Frank served as a member of the advisory board of Alphasystems GmbH from April 2009 until December 2014, and as deputy Chairman of the supervisory board of SchwabenMobil Nahverkehrsgesellschaft GmbH from June 2007 until October 2018. Since July 2007, he has served as Chairman of the supervisory board of CPU Softwarehouse AG, and since November 2017, as a member of the advisory board of Interconnect GmbH, both in Germany. Since March 2000, he has been active as a commercial judge at the regional court (Landgericht) in Augsburg, Germany, and since 2016, he has served as a member of the curatorship at the FOM University for economy and management. Dr. Frank received a diploma in business administration from the University of Augsburg, Germany, in November 1992, and a doctorate (Dr. rer. pol.) in business administration from the University of Augsburg, Germany, in June 1996. We believe that Dr. Frank's diverse and long-term experience in M&A, corporate finance advisory positions, and his roles as an advisory and supervisory board member at the above-mentioned companies, provide him with valuable insights into our business, particularly in the areas of financing and acquisition opportunities. Additionally, his focus on IT and technology companies gives him insight into our operations and industry, enabling him to provide our supervisory board with a broad range of knowledge. We also believe that Dr. Frank's service as a member of the advisory board (Beirat) of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH prior to this offering and our corporate reorganization ensures continuity in the oversight of our company's business.

        Jerome S. Tan, a Singaporean citizen, became a member of our supervisory board on January 4, 2019. Mr. Tan served as a member of the advisory board (Beirat) of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH prior to this offering and our corporate reorganization. Mr. Tan has served as Chief Financial Officer of Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc., our largest shareholder, since January 1, 2011. Mr. Tan has served as a member of the advisory board (Beirat) of MT Technologies GmbH, Germany since September 2018. Mr. Tan received a bachelor of arts from the De La Salle University in April 1982, and a master in business administration from the University of Virginia, Darden School of Business in May 1987. We believe Mr. Tan's long-term experience and role as Chief Financial Officer of several international companies provides our supervisory board with expertise in financial matters and his service as a member of the advisory board (Beirat) of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH prior to this offering and our corporate reorganization ensures continuity in the oversight of our company's business.

Supervisory Board Practices

        Decisions are generally made by our supervisory board as a whole; however, decisions on certain matters may be delegated to committees of our supervisory board to the extent permitted by law. The Chairman, or if he or she is unable to do so, the Vice Chairman, chairs the meetings of the supervisory board and determines the order in which the agenda items are discussed, the method and order of the voting, any adjournment of the discussion and passing of resolutions on individual agenda items after a due assessment of the circumstances.

        In addition, under German law, each member of the supervisory board is obliged to carry out his or her duties and responsibilities in person, and such duties and responsibilities cannot be generally and permanently delegated to third parties. However, the supervisory board and its committees have the right to retain third-party experts for the review and analysis of specific matters within the scope of the supervisory board's control and supervisory function under German law. We would bear the cost of any such experts that are retained by the supervisory board or any of its committees within the scope of their responsibilities.

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        Pursuant to Section 107 para. 3 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the supervisory board may form committees from among its members and charge them with the performance of specific tasks. The committees' tasks, responsibilities and processes are determined by the supervisory board. The supervisory board may delegate to one or more committees all tasks and responsibilities not reserved for the supervisory board as a whole as a matter of mandatory law.

        Pursuant to its internal rules of procedure, the supervisory board has established a Compensation and Nomination Committee and an Audit Committee.

    Compensation and Nomination Committee

        Pursuant to our articles of association and the rules of procedure of our supervisory board, the Compensation and Nomination Committee prepares hiring and personnel decisions of the supervisory board and performs the following functions:

    preparation of the supervisory board's resolutions regarding the conclusion, amendment and termination of service agreements of members of the management board, taking into account the compensation system adopted by the supervisory board;

    preparation of the supervisory board's resolutions regarding the compensation of the members of the management board pursuant to Section 87 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    preparation of the supervisory board's resolutions regarding the compensation system for the management board, including the key contractual provisions, and providing the supervisory board with the information necessary to perform a review of the compensation system on a regular basis;

    representation of the company vis-à-vis former members of the management board pursuant to Section 112 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    approving outside employment of and outside positions by management board members pursuant to Section 88 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    approval of agreements with supervisory board members pursuant to Section 114 of the German Stock Corporation Act; and

    identifying suitable candidates who may be proposed for election as supervisory board members to the shareholders' meeting.

        The Compensation and Nomination Committee monitors the management board's compliance with the rules of procedure of the management board. The rules of procedure of the management board, among other duties and obligations, oblige the management board to provide certain information to the Compensation and Nomination Committee.

        The Compensation and Nomination Committee consists of three members, Mr. Jerome Tan, Mr. Best and Mr. Doradla. Our supervisory board has determined that a majority of the members of the Compensation and Nomination Committee satisfy the independence requirements under German law and the New York Stock Exchange listing standards. Mr. Tan has been elected Chairman of the Compensation and Nomination Committee.

    Audit Committee

        Our Audit Committee assists the supervisory board in overseeing the accuracy and integrity of our accounting and financial reporting processes, along with the audits of our financial statements. The Audit Committee also oversees the effectiveness of our internal control system, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, evaluates the independence and qualifications of the independent auditors, and oversees the performance of such auditors.

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        The Audit Committee's duties and responsibilities include, among others:

    the review of our accounting processes;

    the review of the effectiveness of our internal control systems, risk management and compliance;

    the review and the handling of matters and processes related to auditor independence;

    the recommendation of external auditors for approval by the shareholders' meeting, the commissioning of the auditors to conduct the audit, agreeing on additional services to be provided by the auditors within the scope of the auditor's assignment, the determination of the scope and the key areas of review of the audit, agreeing upon the auditors' compensation and oversight of the auditors' work (including resolution of disagreements with the auditors);

    the preparation of the supervisory board's resolution on our financial statements;

    reviewing our interim financial statements that are made public or otherwise filed with any securities regulatory authority;

    monitoring our bookkeeping and records; and

    the establishment of procedures for (i) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints we receive regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and (ii) the submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters.

        The Audit Committee consists of three members: Diosdado Banatao, Anthony John Best and Anil Kumar Doradla. According to the New York Stock Exchange listing standards, the Exchange Act and our rules of procedure for the Supervisory Board, all members of our Audit Committee must be independent. Our supervisory board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee qualifies as independent within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange listing standards, the Exchange Act and the German Corporate Governance Code, and meets the financial literacy requirement of the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

        Mr. Doradla is the Chairman of our Audit Committee. Pursuant to the German Corporate Governance Code, the Chairman of the Audit Committee shall not be a former member of our management board whose term of service ended less than two years prior to his or her appointment as Chairman of the Audit Committee and he shall not be the Chairman of our supervisory board. In addition, the Chairman of the Audit Committee shall be independent and have specific expertise in accounting and internal control procedures. Our supervisory board has determined that the Chairman of the Audit Committee, Mr. Doradla, in view of his in deep knowledge and experience in the application of accounting principles and internal control procedures, has the required expertise within the meaning of the German Corporate Governance Code. The relevant SEC rules list a number of ways that an audit committee financial expert may gain the required experience, including as a principal financial officer of a company, as is the case with Mr. Doradla. Based on Mr. Doradla's aforementioned financial expertise and professional experience as Chief Financial Officer of Airgain Inc., he also qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert" under the relevant SEC rules.

Management Board

    Overview

        Under our articles of association, the management board must consist of one or more persons. The supervisory board determines the exact number of members on the management board and appoints the Chairman and the deputy Chairman of the management board, if any. Currently, the management board consists of two members, Jürgen Eichner, appointed as Chief Executive Officer, and Daniel Jürgens, appointed as Chief Financial Officer.

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        The members of our management board conduct the day-to-day business of our company in accordance with applicable laws, our articles of association and the rules of procedure for the management board. The management board generally responsible for the management of our company and for handling our day-to-day business relations with third parties, the internal organization of our business and communications with our shareholders. In addition, the management board is responsible for:

    the preparation of our annual financial statements;

    making a proposal to be submitted to our shareholders' meeting on how our profits (if any) should be allocated (such proposal to be submitted simultaneously to the supervisory board); and

    regular reporting to the supervisory board on our current operating and financial performance, our budgeting and planning processes, and our performance in relation thereto and on future business planning (including strategic, financial, investment and personnel planning).

        The supervisory board can appoint the members of the management board for a maximum term of five years. Reappointment or extension, including a repeated reappointment or extension, of the term for up to five years is permissible. The supervisory board may only revoke the appointment of a management board member prior to the expiration of his or her term for good cause, such as for gross breach of fiduciary duties or if the shareholders' meeting passes a vote of no-confidence with respect to such member, unless the supervisory board deems the no-confidence vote to be clearly unreasonable. The supervisory board is also responsible for entering into, amending and terminating service agreements with the management board members and, in general, for representing us in disputes involving the management board irrespective of whether in or out of the court.

        Our supervisory board may delegate any of these tasks to one of its committees, subject to certain exceptions in which resolutions have to be taken by the supervisory board as a whole. Pursuant to our current rules of procedure for the supervisory board, our supervisory board has delegated certain tasks to the Audit Committee and certain other tasks to the Compensation and Nomination Committee. For more details see sections "—Compensation and Nomination Committee" and "—Audit Committee."

        According to our articles of association, as long as there are two or more management board members, either (i) two management board members or (ii) one management board member acting jointly with an authorized representative (Prokurist) have the authority to act on our behalf. The supervisory board may grant any management board member the right to represent us alone and may release any member of the management board from the restrictions on multiple representation (Mehrfachvertretung) under Section 181, 2nd alternative of the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch).

        Based on a resolution of the supervisory board, all members of the management board were released from the restrictions on multiple representation. Such release does not affect the fiduciary duties of the management board members towards our company.

        The rules of procedure for our management board provide that certain matters require a resolution adopted by the management board, in addition to matters for which a resolution adopted by the management board is required by law or our articles of association. Such matters include the following:

    the management board's reports to inform the supervisory board;

    the management board's quarterly and semi-annual reports as required by applicable securities laws;

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    fundamental organizational measures, such as the execution of, or amendment to, domination and profit and loss transfer agreements (Section 291 et seqq. of the German Stock Corporation Act), transformation measures within the meaning of the German Transformation Act (Umwandlungsgesetz), sale or acquisition of material company assets as well as issues of strategy and business planning as set out in Section 90 para. 1 no. 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    measures related to the implementation and control of a monitoring system as set forth in Section 91 para. 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    the issuance of the compliance statement pursuant to Section 161 para. 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act;

    the preparation of the consolidated and unconsolidated financial statements (including the management report) as well as comparable reports issued by the company voluntarily or based upon securities laws;

    convening of the general shareholders' meeting and preparation of the agenda, including the management board's proposals for matters to be discussed and, where applicable, voted on at the meeting; or

    matters with respect to which any two members of the management board (in case the management board was enlarged) have requested a resolution by the management board.

        The management board has the authority to determine our business areas and operating segments. It must also decide upon the internal allocation of responsibility for certain business areas and operating segments among the various members of the management board, by setting up a business responsibilities plan (Geschäftsverteilungsplan). While all members of the management board continue to bear joint responsibility for the management of the company, we have adopted a business responsibilities plan assigning the following primary responsibilities to our members of the management board:

        The Chief Executive Officer, currently Jürgen Eichner, has the following primary responsibilities: overseeing our marketing and sourcing, sales and operations, research and development, technology, production, human resources, information technology and quality management functions.

        The Chief Financial Officer, currently Daniel Jürgens, has the following primary responsibilities: overseeing our controlling, accounting, and legal functions.

        The rules of procedure of our supervisory board provide that a management board member may not continue to serve on our management board past his or her 65th birthday.

    Members of the Management Board

        The following table sets forth the names and functions of the current members of our management board, their ages and their terms as of June 30, 2019:

Name
  Age   Term ends   Position
Jürgen Eichner     59     2022   Chief Executive Officer
Daniel Jürgens     49     2022   Chief Financial Officer

        The business address of the members of our management board is the same as our business address: VIA optronics AG, Sieboldstrasse 18, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.

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        The following is a brief summary of the business experience of the members of our management board:

        Jürgen Eichner became a member of our management board on January 11, 2019. After founding VIA optronics GmbH in 2005, Mr. Eichner has served as a Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH since 2006. From 2000 to 2004, Mr. Eichner served as Head of Sales EMEA for White Electronics Design Corporation, and from 1998 to 2000, he served as business development manager and as a director of the service group "Professional Services" of Origin Germany B.V. Between 1985 and 1998, he served as a development engineer, project manager, group leader and as the head of the Electronic Service Center of Diehl Stiftung & Co. KG. Mr. Eichner graduated with a master of science in electronics engineering from the University of Applied Sciences of Nuremberg in 1985.

        Daniel Jürgens became a member of our management board on January 11, 2019. Mr. Jürgens has served as a Managing Director of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH, since 2015 and has been VIA optronics GmbH's Chief Financial Officer since June 15, 2015. From 2014 to 2015, Mr. Jürgens was employed by IMAP M&A Consultants AG in Mannheim, Germany, serving as a partner and providing M&A consulting services. Mr. Jürgens served as Chief Financial Officer of Elephant Seven AG in 2005 and 2006. Since 2002, Mr. Jürgens has been a shareholder and Managing Director of iBRAIN Consulting Group GmbH, an M&A consulting services company. In 1994, Mr. Jürgens received a diploma in business administration from Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Munich.

Compensation of Management Board and Supervisory Board Members

    Compensation of Management Board Members

        We have entered into service agreements with the current members of our management board, which are described below in more detail. These agreements provide for an annual fixed base salary and an annual performance award (annual bonus) with a target of up to 100% of the annual fixed base salary. The annual fixed base salary will be adjusted annually at the time of the annual collective wage increase for employees of the Bavarian metal industry at a percentage rate equal to the percentage rate at which the salaries of employees at the highest level of the pay scale for employees of the Bavarian metal industry are increased. The performance targets of the annual bonus are tied to financial indicators, such as annual profit.

        Adjustments to the fixed base salary of our management board members are to be considered annually based on inflation, competitive environment and individual performance.

        In addition to the fixed and variable remuneration components, the members of our management board are entitled to additional benefits under the terms of their service agreements, including company car arrangements, mobile phone, as well as to reimbursement of necessary and reasonable expenses. Our company has obtained directors' & officers' indemnity insurance policies for the benefit of the members of our management board covering the statutory liability arising from their activities in this capacity.

        We believe that the service agreements between us and the members of our management board provide for payments and benefits that are in line with customary market practice for similar companies who are operating in our industry.

        In 2019, the two members of our management board are entitled to receive a total compensation package of up to €1,150,000, which includes base salary, bonus payments and other compensation as a result of additional benefits described above.

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    Service Agreements

Service Agreement with Jürgen Eichner

        On July 1, 2019 we entered into a service agreement with Jürgen Eichner to serve as our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our management board. The service agreement includes an initial fixed term until December 31, 2022. In the event the company terminates the service agreement for any reason other than for material breach of his duties, Mr. Eichner shall be entitled to a lump sum severance payment equal to one month's base salary per year of service since June 1, 2006.

        The service agreement concluded with Mr. Eichner provides for a two-year non-compete covenant after termination of his service agreement. Mr. Eichner is entitled to salary continuation during the term of the non-compete covenant equal to 50% of the aggregate amount of his annual fixed base salary plus annual bonus, which amount shall be payable pro rata in equal monthly installments during the term of such covenant.

Service Agreement with Daniel Jürgens

        On July 1, 2019 we entered into a service agreement with Daniel Jürgens to serve as Chief Financial Officer and a member of our management board. The service agreement concluded with Mr. Jürgens has an initial fixed term until December 31, 2022, during which it can be terminated by Mr. Jürgens upon six months' prior written notice to the end of a calendar month.

        The service agreement concluded with Mr. Jürgens provides for a two-year non-compete covenant after termination of his service agreement. Mr. Jürgens is entitled to salary continuation during the term of the non-compete covenant equal to 50% of the aggregate amount of his annual fixed base salary plus annual bonus, which amount shall be payable pro rata in equal monthly installments during the term of such covenant.

    Compensation of Supervisory Board Members

        Under mandatory German law, the compensation of the first supervisory board of a German stock corporation is determined by the shareholders' meeting that adopts a resolution on the supervisory board members' discharge. Because the current members of our supervisory board constitute the "first supervisory board" within the meaning of the German Stock Corporation Act, the final compensation payable to its members will be determined by our annual general shareholders' meeting that will take place in 2020.

        We plan to propose the following remuneration system for the members of our supervisory board to our shareholders at our first annual general shareholders' meeting:

    Ordinary members of the supervisory board will receive a fixed remuneration in the amount of €20,000 per annum. The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the supervisory board will receive a fixed remuneration in the amount of €40,000 per annum and €30,000 per annum, respectively. The Chairman of the Audit Committee will receive a fixed remuneration in the amount of €30,000 per annum.

    If more than four supervisory board meetings are held during a calendar year, the members of the supervisory board will receive €5,000 for each additional physical meeting. Beyond this, we will generally not compensate the supervisory board members for their attendance of supervisory board meetings.

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    The members of the supervisory board will be entitled to reimbursement of their reasonable, documented expenses (including, but not limited to, travel, board and lodging and telecommunication expenses).

    Value added tax payable on their remuneration and expenses shall be added, where applicable.

        If approved at our general shareholders' meeting in 2020, this proposed remuneration system will remain in force until amended or terminated by our general shareholders' meeting.

    Remuneration and Benefits in the Financial Year 2018

        The members of the current management board of VIA optronics AG (established on January 4, 2019) also serve as Managing Directors of our subsidiary and former group holding company VIA optronics GmbH.

        The compensation system of VIA optronics GmbH for its Managing Directors consists of an annual fixed salary and a variable compensation component, the payment of which is dependent on the achievement by the company of pre-agreed financial targets. With the contribution of VIA optronics GmbH into our company, the Managing Director service contracts of Mr. Jürgens and Mr. Eichner have been fully replaced by new management board member service contracts at the level of VIA optronics AG. Under the new management board member service contracts, neither Mr. Jürgens nor Mr. Eichner will receive separate remuneration for the services rendered in their capacity as Managing Directors of VIA optronics GmbH. Instead, the services rendered in their capacity as Managing Directors of VIA optronics GmbH will be covered by the compensation granted under the management board member service contracts with our company (see "—Compensation of Management Board Members" above).

        As Managing Directors of VIA optronics GmbH, Mr. Eichner and Mr. Jürgens received total combined remuneration (base and variable) of €866,669 in respect of the financial year 2018. In addition, Mr. Eichner and Mr. Jürgens received customary fringe benefits such as a company car, mobile phone, accident insurance coverage in the aggregate amount of €500,000 and employer contributions to their health insurance up to the contribution maximum.

        Two of our current supervisory board members, Dr. Heiko Frank and Mr. Jerome S. Tan, served as members of the advisory board (Beirat) of our subsidiary and former group holding company, VIA optronics GmbH. Dr. Frank received remuneration for his service on the advisory board of VIA optronics GmbH in an amount of €5,000 per year during the financial years 2017 and 2018.

Equity Incentive Plan

        We are evaluating the benefits of establishing, prior to or after this offering, an equity incentive plan. The general purpose of such an incentive plan would be to motivate, retain and attract highly-qualified and valued senior management and other key personnel, and to promote the success of our business.

        The types of awards that could be granted under such an incentive plan may include restricted options, restricted stock units, restricted stock (either as ADSs or as our ordinary shares), stock appreciation rights, performance stock or stock units, any other award based on our stock or the value of our stock, or a combination of the aforementioned instruments.

        These awards could be granted to management board members, members of the senior management and selected other key personnel, on defined dates in consideration of annual performance and potential individual rating, in case of promotion to a higher job level and in relation to one-time events specified in the plan.

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German Corporate Governance Code

        The German Corporate Governance Code, or Corporate Governance Code sets out recognized standards of good and responsible corporate governance. The current version of the Corporate Governance Code is the version as amended as of February 7, 2017 and published in the German Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger) on April 24, 2017. The Government Commission published a new version of the German Corporate Governance Code on May 9, 2019. However, the revised German Corporate Governance Code will only be submitted to the Federal Ministry of Justice for Consumer Protection for publication after the ARUG II will have entered into force. The revised German Corporate Governance Code will come into force upon its publication in the German Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger).

        The Corporate Governance Code contains recommendations (Empfehlungen) and suggestions (Anregungen) relating to the management and supervision of German companies whose shares are listed on the regulated market of a stock exchange, and companies that both have other securities listed on a regulated market of a stock exchange and initiated the trading of their shares on a multilateral trading facility (MTF). It follows nationally and internationally recognized standards for good and responsible corporate governance. The purpose of the Corporate Governance Code is to make the German system of corporate governance transparent for investors. The Corporate Governance Code includes corporate governance recommendations and suggestions with respect to shareholders and shareholders' meetings, the management board and the supervisory board, transparency, accounting policies and auditing.

        There is no obligation to comply with the recommendations or suggestions of the Corporate Governance Code. The German Stock Corporation Act only requires that the management board and supervisory board of a German company subject to the Corporate Governance Code issue an annual declaration that either (i) states that the company has complied with the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code or (ii) lists the recommendations that the company has not complied with and explains its reasons for deviating from the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code (compliance statement, or Entsprechenserklärung). In addition, a company subject to the Corporate Governance Code is also required to state in its annual compliance statement whether it intends to comply with the recommendations or list the recommendations it does not intend to comply with in the future. These compliance statements must be permanently published on the company's website. If the company changes its policy on recommendations between such annual compliance statements, it must disclose this fact and explain its reasons for deviating from the recommendations. Non-compliance with suggestions contained in the Corporate Governance Code need not be disclosed.

        The Corporate Governance Code is primarily addressed to German companies whose shares are listed on the regulated market of a stock exchange, and companies that both have other securities listed on a regulated market of a stock exchange and initiated the trading of their shares on a MTF. While not free from doubt, upon listing of our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange our company may fall within the scope of application of the Corporate Governance Code and, as a consequence, we may be required to issue the annual compliance statements described above.

        Despite the remaining uncertainty as to whether the Corporate Governance Code applies to us, we have chosen to apply the Corporate Governance Code. Consistent therewith, the rules of procedure of our management board and the rules of procedure of our supervisory board provide that each body is obliged to comply with the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code, except for those recommendations listed in our annual compliance statement that we explicitly state we do not comply with.

        In particular, we intend to comply with the following significant recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code: (i) the supervisory board will establish a compensation and nomination committee (Vergütungs-und Nominierungsausschuss) as well as an audit committee (Prüfungsausschuss); (ii) the

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management board and supervisory board will report annually on issues in the form of a corporate governance statement (Erklärung zur Unternehmensführung) pursuant to Section 289f HGB, and will publish this report in connection with the annual compliance statement, and (iii) the remuneration of our management board members is focused on the sustainable growth of the company and comprises fixed and variable components whereby the variable remuneration components have a multiple year assessment basis.

        However, we may deviate from certain other recommendations and suggestions of the Corporate Governance Code in various respects. All deviations from the Corporate Governance Code recommendations will be published in our annual compliance statements.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

        In connection with the consummation of this offering, we intend to adopt a written code of business conduct and ethics, or code of conduct, which will outline the principles of legal and ethical business conduct under which we do business. The code of conduct will apply to all of our supervisory board members, management board members and employees. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the full text of the code of conduct will be available on our website at www.via-optronics.com. This website address is included in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference only. The information and other content appearing on our website are not part of this prospectus. Any amendments to, or waivers from, the provisions of the code of conduct applicable to members of our supervisory board and management board will be disclosed on our website promptly following the date of such amendment or waiver.

Differences between Our Corporate Governance Practices and Those Set Forth in the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual

        In general, under Section 303A.11 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, foreign private issuers such as us are permitted to follow home country corporate governance practices instead of certain provisions of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual without having to seek individual exemptions from the New York Stock Exchange. A foreign private issuer making its initial U.S. listing on the New York Stock Exchange and following home country corporate governance practices in lieu of the corresponding corporate governance provisions of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual must disclose in its registration statement or on its website any significant ways in which its corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual. In addition, we also may qualify for certain exemptions under the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual as a foreign private issuer that may affect our corporate governance practices.

        The significant differences between the corporate governance practices that we follow and those set forth in the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual are described below:

    Section 303A.01 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires listed companies to have a majority of independent directors. There is no requirement under German law that the majority of the members of a supervisory board be independent. However, the German Corporate Governance Code and the rules of procedure of our supervisory board provide that the supervisory board should be composed of an "appropriate" number of independent members. We consider three of the current members of the supervisory board as independent within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual and the German Corporate Governance Code.

    Section 303A.04(b) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires all companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange to have a written nomination committee charter. German law does not require a separate charter for a nomination committee. Instead,

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      the responsibilities of our Compensation and Nomination Committee are set forth in the rules of procedure of our supervisory board and in the applicable German laws.

    Section 303A.05(b) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires all companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange to have a written compensation committee charter. German law does not require a separate charter for a compensation committee. Instead, the responsibilities of our Compensation and Nomination Committee are set forth in the rules of procedure of our supervisory board and in the applicable German laws.

    Section 303A.07(a) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires each member of the audit committee of a listed company to be financially literate and also requires that at least one audit committee member have accounting or related financial management expertise. The German Corporate Governance Code contains a recommendation that the chairman of the audit committee of a listed company have expertise in the areas of accounting and internal control procedures. Accordingly, the rules of procedure of our supervisory board stipulate that the Chairman of our Audit Committee shall have special expertise and experience regarding accounting principles and internal control procedures. The Chairman of the Audit Committee, Anil Kumar Doradla, fulfills these requirements. Although we believe that all members of our Audit Committee are financially literate, neither German law, nor the rules of procedure of our supervisory board, require all members of our Audit Committee to be financially literate.

    Section 303A.07(b) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires all companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange to have a written audit committee charter. German law does not require a separate charter for an audit committee. Instead, the responsibilities of our Audit Committee are set forth in the rules of procedure of our supervisory board and in the applicable German laws.

    Section 303A.09 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual requires all listed companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. German law does not require a company to adopt separate corporate governance guidelines. Instead, we follow the German Corporate Governance Code as described above. In addition, certain of the subjects to be addressed in the corporate governance guidelines pursuant to Section 303A.09 are contained in the rules of procedure of our supervisory board.

Share Ownership by Members of Supervisory Board and Management Board

    Supervisory Board

        None.

    Management Board

        Our Chief Executive Officer and the selling shareholder in this offering, Jürgen Eichner, currently holds 24,000 of our ordinary shares, which represented 24% of our ordinary shares immediately prior to the consummation of this offering and the concurrent private placement. See "Principal and Selling Shareholders." Daniel Jürgens does not hold any of our shares.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

        Since January 1, 2016, there has not been, nor is there currently proposed, any material transaction or series of similar material transactions to which we were or are a party in which any of the members of our supervisory board or management board, executive officers, holders of more than 10% of any class of our voting securities, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than the compensation and shareholding arrangements we describe in the "Management" and "Principal and Selling Shareholders" sections of this prospectus and the transactions we describe below.

Shareholders' Agreement

        On January 25, 2019, we entered into a shareholders' agreement with our existing shareholders to replace the existing shareholders agreement previously entered into by VIA optronics GmbH and our existing shareholders in 2016. The shareholders' agreement defines the rights and obligations of the parties thereto as our shareholders and includes, inter alia, voting and approval requirements, rights of first refusal, tag-along and drag-along rights and potential redemption procedures. The shareholders' agreement automatically terminates upon closing and settlement of an initial public offering of our company and will, thus, cease to be applicable from listing of our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange.

        On [                ], 2019, we entered into a shareholders' agreement with our existing shareholders to replace the shareholders' agreement dated January 25, 2019 which ceases to be applicable from the listing of our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange. The new shareholders' agreement provides for a certain voting agreement among our existing shareholders in relation to the nomination and exercise of the voting rights in relation of the election of members of our supervisory board. In addition, the new shareholders' agreement also provides for a right of first refusal in favor of Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. in case Mr. Eichner intends to sell his shares in our company.

Strategic Alliance Agreements

        See "Business—Strategic Alliance Agreements" for a description of material agreements with Toppan, the minority owner of VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd.

Property Lease Agreement

        Our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH has leased 28.42 square meters of office space located at Lettenfeldstrasse 15, Schwarzenbruck, Germany from our CEO, Jürgen Eichner pursuant to a lease agreement dated June 1, 2006, as amended from time to time. The initial net rent amounted to €730.00 per month, with prepayment for operating costs in an amount of €220.00 net per month (plus 19% VAT). Since 2011, the rent and prepayment for operating costs have been reduced to an aggregate net amount of €360.00 (plus 19% VAT) due to a reduction of the space leased. The lease agreement has an unlimited term and can be terminated by either party with three months' notice to the end of a calendar month.

Service Agreements

        We have entered into service agreements with the members of our management board. See "Management—Compensation of Management Board and Supervisory Board Members—Service Agreements."

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Employment Agreement of Joselene Eichner

        Joselene Eichner, the wife of our CEO and shareholder Jürgen Eichner, has been employed by VIA optronics GmbH since January 1, 2007 as a part-time (25 hours / week) administrative assistant under an employment agreement dated December 28, 2006. Her major responsibilities include assisting and supporting the accounting and human resources departments of VIA optronics GmbH. As remuneration for her services, Mrs. Eichner receives a monthly fixed salary of €2,500. She is further entitled to a company car with a monthly net leasing rate of €709.43 and a mobile phone (phone costs being paid by VIA optronics GmbH). In addition, the company pays retirement benefits contributions to a defined contribution plan amounting to €180 per month.

Relationship with Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH

        Dr. Heiko Frank, a member of our supervisory board, holds 25.1% of the shares and serves as managing director of Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH, or Kloepfel. Kloepfel has served as an advisor to our business since April 2016, including in connection with the investment by our current shareholder Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. in VIA optronics GmbH, the acquisition by VIA optronics GmbH of the 65% ownership interest in VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and in connection with this offering. Pursuant to a project contract dated as of July 1, 2018, and amended on July 25, 2019, Kloepfel is providing general advisory, management and coordination services in connection with our pursuit of this offering. Under the project contract, Kloepfel is entitled to (i) a monthly retainer, (ii) a success fee equal to 0.95% of the gross proceeds of this offering, which fee is payable upon consummation of the offering and (iii) reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, subject to certain caps. The project contract is terminable on at least two weeks' advance written notice.

Role of Dr. Heiko Frank as "Statutory Auditor" at VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd.

        Dr. Heiko Frank, a member of our supervisory board, was appointed as "statutory auditor" of our Japanese subsidiary VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. in 2018. Pursuant to Japanese law, a "statutory auditor" is appointed for a term of four years. The major responsibilities of the statutory auditor include the general supervision and monitoring authority of the relevant company and its directors. This includes the duty to monitor the status of the company's business operations and its assets and liabilities, the review of the company's financial statements, business reports prepared for submission to each shareholders' meeting and preparation of an audit (business monitoring) report for each business year. The statutory auditor's responsibilities also include monitoring and supervising the compliance of the company's directors with applicable laws and the company's articles of incorporation.

Indemnity and Cost Sharing Agreement

        In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into an indemnity and cost sharing agreement with the selling shareholders. Under this agreement, the selling shareholders will agree (i) to indemnify us from certain liability risks and (ii) to assume parts of the transaction costs, in each case arising out of or in connection with this offering.

Contribution of VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG

        See "Description of Company History and Share Capital—Establishment of VIA optronics AG and Contribution of VIA optronics GmbH."

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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

        The following table sets forth information, as of June 30, 2019 (the date of the effectiveness of the contribution of VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG), regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares: (i) prior to the consummation of this offering and (ii) as adjusted to reflect the sale of the ADSs in this offering and the sale of ADSs to Corning in the concurrent private placement, for:

    members of our supervisory board;

    members of our management board, including the selling shareholder;

    members of our supervisory board and management board as a group; and

    each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares.

        The column entitled "Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to this Offering—Percent" is based on 3,000,000 ordinary shares of VIA optronics AG outstanding as of June 30, 2019. The columns entitled "Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering—Excluding Exercise of Option—Percent" and "Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering—Including Exercise of Option—Percent" are both based on            ordinary shares to be issued by VIA optronics AG and outstanding immediately after the closing of this offering and the concurrent private placement.

        Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days of June 30, 2019, including through the vesting of deferred share awards, exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, if any, are not included in the

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computation of the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each such person is c/o VIA optronics AG, Sieboldstrasse 18, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.

 
   
   
   
  Ordinary Shares Beneficially
Owned After this Offering
 
 
   
   
  Ordinary
Shares Sold
in this
Offering
 
 
  Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned
Prior to this Offering
  Excluding
Exercise of
Option
  Including
Exercise of
Option
 
 
  Number(1)   Percent(1)   Number   Number   Percent   Number   Percent  

5% Shareholders:

                                           

Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A.(2)

    2,280,000     76 %                                                        

Corning Research & Development Corporation(3)

                                                                 

Supervisory Board and Management Board Members:

   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Diosdado P. Banatao(4)

                                                                 

Anthony John Best(5)

                                                                 

Anil Kumar Doradla(6)

                                                                 

Dr. Heiko Frank(7)

                                                                 

Jerome S. Tan(8)

                                                                 

Jürgen Eichner

    720,000     24 %                                                          

Daniel Jürgens

                                                                 

All members of our supervisory board and management board as a group (7 persons):

    720,000     24 %                                                        

(1)
Except as otherwise indicated, the persons named in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable and to the information contained in the footnotes to this table.

(2)
The address of Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. is Herikerberweg 238 Luna ArenA, 1101 CM, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands. No natural person has sole voting or dispositive control over the shares owned by Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A.; however, Fernando Zobel de Ayala and Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala each control, indirectly, 30.25% of the interests owned by Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. Fernando Zobel de Ayala and Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala each have an address of c/o Mermac, Inc., 3rd Floor Makati Stock Exchange Building, Ayala Avenue, Makati City, Philippines.

(3)
The address of Corning Research & Development Corporation is One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY 14831, USA. Corning Research & Development Corporation is a subsidiary of Corning, Inc., a publicly-listed company in the United States.

(4)
The address of Diasdado O. Banatao is 86 Tallwood Court, Atherton, CA 94027, USA.

(5)
The address of Anthony John Best is Beau House, 2B Pond Place, London, SW3 6QJ, UK.

(6)
The address of Anil Kumar Doradla is 913 Forest Avenue, Wilmette, IL 90091, USA.

(7)
The address of Heiko Frank is c/o Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH, Rundfunkplatz 2, 80335 Munich, Germany.

(8)
The address of Jerome S. Tan is c/o Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc., North Science Avenue, Laguna Technopark, Binan 4024, Laguna, Philippines.

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        As of June 25, 2019, VIA optronics AG had two individual holders of record entered in its share register, neither of whom we believe to be residents of the United States. The number of individual holders of record is based exclusively upon our share register and does not address whether a share or shares may be held by the holder of record on behalf of more than one person or institution who may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of a share or shares in our company.

        None of our shareholders will have different voting rights from other shareholders after the closing of this offering. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.

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DESCRIPTION OF COMPANY HISTORY AND SHARE CAPITAL

        The following description is a summary of our company history and certain information relating to our share capital as well as certain provisions of our articles of association and the German Stock Corporation Act. Unless otherwise stated, the description insofar as it relates to our articles of association is based on the amended version of our articles of association as of June 25, 2019, which was registered in the commercial register on July 12, 2019. This summary does not purport to be complete and speaks as of the date of this prospectus. Copies of the articles of association will be publicly available from the commercial register (Handelsregister) of the local court (Amtsgericht) in Nuremberg, Germany, electronically at www.unternehmensregister.de and as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Company History

        Our business is conducted through VIA optronics GmbH, registered in the commercial register of the local court of Nuremberg under HRB 22650, and its subsidiaries. VIA optronics GmbH was established by our CEO Jürgen Eichner on May 12, 2006, with an initial share capital of €25,000.00. The company has its registered seat in Schwarzenbruck.

        In 2016, following several equity financing transactions with different investors aimed at providing VIA optronics GmbH with additional funds for the growth and expansion of its operations, Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. acquired the shares held by the various investors in VIA optronics GmbH resulting in Jürgen Eichner holding 24% and Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. holding 76% of the entire issued share capital of VIA optronics GmbH.

        Because it is not legally possible to use a company in the form of a GmbH for an initial public offering, the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH decided to create VIA optronics AG, a new company in the form of a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft or AG). VIA optronics AG will serve as the holding company for the VIA optronics group, and as the vehicle issuing the ADS for the initial public offering and listing on the New York Stock Exchange following the contribution of all shares in the operating entity VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG.

Establishment of VIA optronics AG and Contribution of VIA optronics GmbH

        VIA optronics AG was incorporated on January 4, 2019 and registered in the commercial register of the local court of Nuremberg under number HRB 36200, with the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH as the sole founding shareholders.

        On April 18, 2019 the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH contributed the shares they held in VIA optronics GmbH to VIA optronics AG by way of a contribution in kind against issuance of new shares (Sacheinlage gegen Gewährung von neuen Aktien). As a result of this contribution, our share capital was increased from €100,000 by €2,900,000 to €3,000,000 in the form of a capital increase by way of a contribution in kind (Sachkapitalerhöhung) through issuance of 2,900,000 ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of €1.00 per share, to the former shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH (and founding shareholders of VIA optronics AG) as consideration for their contributions.

        The contribution of the VIA optronics GmbH shares to VIA optronics AG became legally effective with the registration of the capital increase by way of a contribution in kind with the commercial register of VIA optronics AG on June 25, 2019. With the effectiveness of the contribution and the capital increase by way of a contribution in kind VIA optronics AG became the sole shareholder of VIA optronics GmbH and the founding shareholders of VIA optronics AG (and former shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH) received the new shares in VIA optronics AG issued in the capital increase proportionate to the shareholdings in VIA optronics GmbH shares they contributed.

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Share Capital

        As of the date of this prospectus, our share capital registered in the commercial register amounts to €3,000,000, which is divided into 3,000,000 ordinary registered shares (Namensaktien). All shares are no par-value shares (Stückaktien ohne Nennbetrag).

Form, Certification and Transferability of the Shares

        Our shares are in registered form. The form and content of our share certificates, any dividend certificates, renewal certificates and interest coupons are determined by our management board with the approval of our supervisory board. The shareholders do not have the right to have their shares certificated, to the extent permitted by law and to the extent certification is not required by the stock exchange on which the shares are admitted to trading. In the event that we decide to issue share certificates, we are permitted to issue share certificates that represent one or more shares.

        All of our outstanding shares are no par-value ordinary registered shares. Under German law, if a resolution regarding a capital increase does not specify whether the newly issued shares resulting from the capital increase will be in bearer or registered form, such shares will be no par-value ordinary registered shares by default. Any resolution regarding a capital increase may determine the profit participation of the new shares resulting from such capital increase.

        Our shares are freely transferable under German law, with the transfer of ownership governed by the rules of the relevant clearing system.

General Information on Capital Measures

        Pursuant to our articles of association, an increase of our share capital generally requires a resolution passed at our shareholders' meeting with a simple majority of the votes cast at the relevant shareholders' meeting. The shareholders may also resolve to create authorized share capital (Genehmigtes Kapital), authorizing our management board to increase our registered share capital with the consent of our supervisory board within a period of five years by issuing shares for a certain total amount up to the authorized capital amount. Authorized capital is a German law concept that allows us to issue shares without going through the process of obtaining a shareholders' resolution. The aggregate nominal amount of the authorized capital resolved by the shareholders may not exceed one-half of the share capital existing at the time of registration of the authorized capital with the commercial register.

        Furthermore, our shareholders may resolve to amend or create conditional capital (Bedingtes Kapital) for certain purposes: the issuance of conversion or subscription rights to holders of convertible bonds, the preparation of a merger with another company or the issuance of subscription rights to employees and members of the management board of our company or of an affiliated company. According to German law, the aggregate nominal amount of the conditional capital resolved at the shareholders' meeting may not exceed one-half of the share capital existing at the time of the shareholders' meeting adopting such resolution. The aggregate nominal amount of the conditional capital resolved for the purpose of granting subscription rights to employees and members of the management board of our company or of an affiliated company may not exceed 10% of the share capital existing at the time of the shareholders' meeting adopting such resolution.

        According to German law, any resolution pertaining to the creation of authorized or conditional capital requires a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote. The shareholders may also resolve to increase the share capital from reserves by converting capital reserve and profit reserves into share capital. Pursuant to our articles of association, any resolution pertaining to an increase in share capital from reserves requires the vote of a simple majority of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote.

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        Any resolution relating to a reduction of our share capital requires a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote according to mandatory German law.

Changes in Our Share Capital during the Last Three Financial Years

        VIA optronics AG was incorporated on January 4, 2019 with an initial share capital of €100,000. Since then, our share capital has changed as follows:

    As result of the capital increase by way of a contribution in kind of the shares in VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG, VIA optronics AG increased its share capital by €2,900,000, from €100,000 to €3,000,000 by issuing 2,900,000 ordinary shares to the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH as consideration for the transfer and contribution of their shares in VIA optronics GmbH to VIA optronics AG.

    By resolution of the shareholders' meeting of VIA optronics AG expected to be held on                        , 2019, the share capital is expected to be increased against contribution in cash from €[            ] to up to €            by issuing up to            ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of €1.00 per share, under exclusion of the statutory subscription rights of the shareholders. It is anticipated that the implementation of this capital increase will be registered with the commercial register on or about                        , 2019. The ADSs representing the new shares resulting from this capital increase will form part of this offering.

Authorized Capital

        Our authorized capital as of the date of this prospectus amounts to €1,500,000 and was resolved by our shareholders' meeting on July 4, 2019. Under this authorized capital, the management board is authorized, subject to the consent of the supervisory board, to increase the company's share capital by up to €1,500,000 through one or more issuances on or before June 30, 2024 by issuance of 1,500,000 new no par-value shares against cash contributions and/or contributions in kind. With the consent of the supervisory board, the management board is authorized to exclude the shareholders' subscription rights in the following circumstances:

    to exclude fractional amounts resulting from the subscription ratio from the statutory subscription right of the shareholders;

    in the case of increases of the share capital against contributions in kind, such as to acquire companies, divisions of companies or interests in companies; or

    if the increase of the share capital is against contribution in cash, and if the issue price of the new shares is not substantially lower (as defined in the German Stock Corporation Act) than the exchange price for our shares of the same class and having the same terms already listed at the time of the final determination of the issue price. For this purpose, the market price may also be considered the market price of an ADS listed on the New York Stock Exchange divided by the number of our shares or multiplied by the fraction of our shares represented by an ADS, as the case may be. In addition, the amount of the share capital represented by the shares issued under the exclusion of the statutory subscription rights may not exceed 10% of the share capital at the time this authorization comes into effect or is exercised. The 10% threshold includes new or treasury shares of our company issued or transferred during the term of this authorized capital under the exclusion of statutory subscription rights on a different legal basis.

Subscription Rights

        According to the German Stock Corporation Act, every shareholder is generally entitled to subscription rights (commonly known as preemptive rights) relating to any newly issued shares resulting

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from a capital increase, including convertible bonds, bonds with warrants, profit-participation rights or profit-sharing bonds in proportion to the number of shares he or she holds in the corporation's existing share capital. Under German law, these rights do not apply to shares issued out of conditional capital. A minimum subscription period of two weeks must be provided for the exercise of such subscription rights.

        Under German law, the shareholders' meeting may pass a resolution excluding subscription rights if a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote adopts the resolution. To exclude subscription rights, the management board must also make available a report to the shareholders justifying the exclusion and demonstrating that the company's interest in excluding the subscription rights outweighs the shareholders' interest in maintaining their rights. The justification may be subject to judicial review. Under German law, the exclusion of subscription rights in connection with the issuance of new shares is permitted, in particular, if we increase the share capital against cash contributions, if the amount of the capital increase does not exceed 10% of the existing share capital and the issue price of the new shares is not significantly lower than the market price of our shares. For this purpose, the market price may also be considered the market price of an ADS listed on the New York Stock Exchange divided by the number of our shares or the fraction of one of our shares represented by an ADS, as the case may be).

Shareholders' Meetings, Resolutions and Voting Rights

        Pursuant to our articles of association, shareholders' meetings may be held at our registered offices, at the registered seat of a German stock exchange or in a German city with more than 100,000 inhabitants. In general, shareholders' meetings are convened by our management board. Separately, the supervisory board is required to convene a shareholders' meeting in cases where this is required as a matter of statutory law (i.e., if calling a meeting is required in the best interest of our company). In addition, shareholders who, individually or as a group, own shares in our company that represent at least 5% of our share capital may request that our management board convene a shareholders' meeting. If our management board does not convene a shareholders' meeting upon such a request, the shareholders may petition in German court for authorization to convene a shareholders' meeting.

        Pursuant to our articles of association, the convening notice for a shareholders' meeting must be made public at least 36 days prior to the meeting. Shareholders who, individually or as a group, own shares in our company that represent at least 5% or €500,000 of our share capital may require that modified or additional items be added to the agenda of the shareholders' meeting and that these items be published prior to the shareholders' meeting.

        Under German law, our annual general shareholders' meeting must take place within the first eight months of each financial year. Among other things, the general shareholders' meeting is authorized and required to adopt resolutions on the following issues:

    use of our annual net profit determined in accordance with German generally accepted accounting principles;

    discharge of the actions taken by the members of our management board and our supervisory board;

    the approval of our statutory auditors;

    increases or decreases in our share capital;

    the election of supervisory board members; and

    to the extent legally required, the approval of our financial statements.

        Each share carries one vote at our shareholders' meeting.

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        Our articles of association provide in Article 20 that the resolutions of the shareholders' meeting are adopted by a simple majority of the votes cast, unless otherwise required by law or the articles of association.

        Neither German law nor our articles of association provide for a minimum participation as a quorum for our shareholders' meetings.

        Under German law, certain resolutions of fundamental importance require a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote. Resolutions of fundamental importance include, in particular, capital increases with exclusion of subscription rights, capital decreases, the creation of authorized or conditional capital, the dissolution of a company, a merger into or with another company, split-offs and split-ups, the conclusion of inter-company agreements (Unternehmensverträge) as defined in the German Stock Corporation Act (in particular control agreements (Beherrschungsverträge) and profit and loss transfer agreements (Ergebnisabführungsverträge)), and a change of the legal form of a company.

Dividend Rights

        Under German law, distributions of dividends on shares for a given financial year are generally determined by a process in which the management board and supervisory board submit a proposal to our annual general shareholders' meeting held in the subsequent financial year and such annual general shareholders' meeting adopts a resolution.

        German law provides that a resolution concerning dividends and distribution thereof may be adopted only if the company's unconsolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with German GAAP show a net profit. In determining the profit available for distribution, the result for the relevant year must be adjusted for profits and losses brought forward from the previous year and for withdrawals from or transfers to reserves. Certain reserves are required by law and must be deducted when calculating the profit available for distribution.

        Shareholders participate in profit distributions in proportion to the number of shares they hold. Dividends on shares resolved by the general shareholders' meeting are paid annually, shortly after the general shareholders' meeting, in accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act and the rules of the respective clearing system. Dividend payment claims are subject to a three-year statute of limitation.

        We have never declared or paid any dividends to our shareholders and, as of the date of this prospectus, have no intention to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. For information about the tax considerations relating to dividend payments, please see "Taxation—German Taxation of ADSs."

Liquidation Rights

        Apart from liquidation as a result of insolvency proceedings, we may be liquidated only with a vote of a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote. If we are liquidated, any assets remaining after all of our liabilities have been paid off will be distributed among our shareholders in proportion to their holdings in accordance with German statutory law. The German Stock Corporation Act provides certain protections for creditors which must be observed in the event of liquidation.

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Authorization to Acquire Our Own Shares

        We may not acquire our own shares unless authorized by the shareholders' meeting or in other very limited circumstances as set out in the German Stock Corporation Act. Shareholders may not grant a share repurchase authorization lasting for more than five years. The German Stock Corporation Act generally limits repurchases to 10% of our share capital and resales must generally be made either on a stock exchange, in a manner that treats all shareholders equally, or in accordance with the rules that apply to subscription rights relating to a capital increase. The shareholders' meeting adopted a resolution on July 4, 2019 authorizing the management board, for a period until June 30, 2024, subject to the consent of the supervisory board and provided it complies with the legal requirement of equal treatment, to purchase our shares in an amount up to 10% of our total share capital. The shares may be purchased by means of a purchase on a stock exchange or an offer to all shareholders in one or more tranches and may be used for any purpose permitted by law. The management board is authorized to redeem the purchased shares without further resolution by the shareholders' meeting. The management board is also authorized to sell the purchased shares in other ways than a sale on a stock exchange or an offer to all shareholders under full or partial exclusion of the statutory subscription rights of the shareholders with the supervisory board's consent as follows: (i) to exclude shareholders' subscription rights for fractional amounts, (ii) by selling the purchased shares against consideration, (iii) by selling the purchased shares against cash consideration, if the consideration is not significantly lower than the market price at the time of the sale and (iv) to satisfy our obligations from option or conversion rights or conversion obligations (or combinations of these instruments) which grant a conversion or option right or an obligation to convert.

Squeeze-Out of Minority Shareholders

        Under German law, the shareholders' meeting of a stock corporation may resolve upon request of a shareholder that holds shares that represent at least 95% of the share capital, that the shares held by any remaining minority shareholders be transferred to such shareholder against payment of "adequate cash compensation" (Ausschluss von Minderheitsaktionären). This amount must take into account the full value of the company at the time of the resolution, which is generally determined using the future earnings value method (Ertragswertmethode).

Objects and Purpose of Our Company

        Our business purpose, as described in section 2 of our articles of association, is the production and distribution of electronic assemblies, in particular components and system solutions for optoelectronics and display technologies as well as the provision of services relating thereto.

        We may engage in all business activities which serve, directly or indirectly, our business purpose. In particular, we are allowed to invest in, acquire interests in and dispose of other companies, and to establish domestic and foreign branch offices and subsidiaries.

Registration of the Company with Commercial Register

        We are a German stock corporation that is organized under the laws of Germany. On March 18, 2019, our company was registered in the commercial register of the local court in Nuremberg, Germany under the number HRB 36200.

Differences in Corporate Law

        The applicable provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain

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differences between the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act applicable to us and the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders' rights and protections.

 
  Germany   Delaware

Board System

 

Under German law, a stock corporation has a two-tier board structure composed of the management board (Vorstand) and the supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat).

The management board is responsible for running the company's day-to-day business and affairs and representing the company in dealings with third parties.

The supervisory board has a control and supervisory function. The supervisory board does not actively manage the company but certain management board actions require the approval of the supervisory board.

 

Under Delaware law, a corporation has a unitary board structure and it is the responsibility of the board of directors to appoint and oversee the management of the corporation on behalf of and in the best interests of the shareholders of the corporation.

Management is responsible for running the corporation and overseeing its day-to-day operations.

Number of Board Members / Directors

 

Under German law, the management board of a stock corporation must have at least one member, and the number of members shall be determined in the manner provided in the company's articles of association.

 

Under Delaware law, a corporation must have at least one director and the number of directors shall be fixed by or in the manner provided in the bylaws.

 

The supervisory board of a stock corporation must have at least three but no more than 21 members, whereby the number of supervisory board members must be divisible by three if this is necessary for the fulfilment of employee co-determination requirements. The articles of association of the company must specify if the supervisory board has more than three members.

 

 

       

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  Germany   Delaware

 

Supervisory board members are either appointed by the shareholders' meeting or determined by one or more individual shareholders based on a delegation right for such shareholders provided for in the company's articles of association.

   

 

Depending on the number of employees of the company, the supervisory board may be required to include employee representatives subject to the provisions of the German One-Third Employee Representation Act, (Drittelbeteiligungsgesetz), which applies to companies that have at least 500 employees, or the German Codetermination Act (Mitbestimmungsgesetz), which applies to companies that have at least 2,000 employees. Such rules result in different appointment rules for supervisory board members: In companies which are subject to the German One-Third Employee Representation Act, two-thirds of supervisory board members are representatives of the shareholders, while one-third are representatives of the employees. In companies which are subject to the German Codetermination Act, half of the supervisory board members are representatives of the shareholders and the other half are representatives of the employees. In the event of a tie, the Chairman has the tie-breaking vote. The employee representatives in the supervisory board are elected by the employees following certain procedures set forth in applicable law.

   

 

Additionally, the supervisory board of German stock corporations that are both listed and subject to the German Codetermination Act must be composed of at least 30% women or men, depending on which is the less represented group.

   

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  Germany   Delaware

Appointment and Removal of Board Members / Directors

 

Members of the management board of a German stock corporation are appointed by the supervisory board for a maximum period of five years. Reappointment, including repeated reappointment, is permissible. The supervisory board may remove a member of the management board prior to the expiration of his or her term only for good cause, such as for gross breach of fiduciary duties or if the shareholders' meeting passes a vote of no-confidence with respect to such member, unless the supervisory board deems the no-confidence vote to be clearly unreasonable. The shareholders themselves are not entitled to appoint or dismiss the members of the management board.

Under German law, a member of a supervisory board may be elected for a term of up to approximately five years (except for the first supervisory board of a newly incorporated company which may only be elected for a term of approximately one year), depending on the date of the annual shareholders' meeting at which such member is elected, which is the standard term of office. Reelection, including repeated reelection, is permissible. Prior to the expiration of his or her term, supervisory board members which have been appointed by the shareholders' meeting may be removed by a resolution of the general meeting requiring a three-quarter majority of the votes cast, unless otherwise provided by the company's articles of association. Supervisory board members who are delegated by a shareholder or the company's employees may be revoked and the resulting vacancy filled at the sole discretion of such shareholder or the employees.

 

Under Delaware law, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except (a) unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, in the case of a corporation whose board of directors is classified, shareholders may effect such removal only for cause, or (b) in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board of directors is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal would be sufficient to elect him if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors, or, if there are classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which he is a part.

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  Germany   Delaware

Vacancies on the Boards

 

Under German law, vacant positions on the management board are filled by the supervisory board in accordance with the general rules of appointment, which provide that vacancies are filled by the simple majority of supervisory board votes cast, unless otherwise provided by the company's articles of association. In case of emergencies, a vacant position on the management board may be filled by an individual appointed by the court.

If the number of supervisory board members falls below the number of members required for a quorum, or the minimum number of members required by law or the articles of association, upon application to the court having jurisdiction by the management board, a member of the supervisory board or a shareholder to the competent court, the vacant position on the supervisory board may be filled by an individual appointed by the court.

 

Under Delaware law, vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director unless (a) otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the corporation or (b) the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case a majority of the other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy.

Annual Shareholders' Meeting

 

Under German law, a stock corporation must hold an annual shareholders' meeting within eight months of the end of its financial year. Unless otherwise provided for in the articles of association, the shareholders' meeting shall be held at the company's seat or, if applicable, at the venue where its shares are listed.

 

Under Delaware law, the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or as provided in the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.

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  Germany   Delaware

Calling of Shareholders' Meetings

 

Under German law, extraordinary shareholders' meetings, in addition to the annual shareholders' meetings, may be called by the management board, or if calling a meeting is required in the best interest of the company, having jurisdiction by the supervisory board. Shareholders holding shares representing at least 5% of the company's share capital may request that the management board convenes an extraordinary shareholders' meeting. If the management board does not convene a shareholders' meeting upon such a request, the shareholders may petition the German court having jurisdiction for authorization to convene a shareholders' meeting.

 

Under Delaware law, special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the certificate of incorporation or by the bylaws.

Notice of Shareholders' Meetings

 

Under German law, unless a longer period is provided for in the articles of association, the shareholders must be given at least 30 days' advance notice of the shareholders' meeting. Such notices must at least specify the name of the company, the statutory seat of the company as well as the location, date and time of the shareholders' meeting. In addition, the invitation must contain the agenda items as well as the management board's and the supervisory board's voting proposal for each agenda item.

 

Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, written notice of any meeting of the stockholders must be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting and shall specify the place, date, hour, and purpose or purposes of the meeting.

 

The formalities relating to calling and holding a shareholders' meeting can be waived, provided that all shareholders eligible to attend the shareholders' meeting are present or represented at the meeting and grant their consent.

   

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  Germany   Delaware

Proxy Voting

 

Under German law, a shareholder may authorize another person to attend, speak and vote at a shareholders' meeting of the company on such shareholder's behalf by proxy.

With respect to management board meetings, a management board member may issue a proxy to another management board member to represent him or her at the meeting and vote on his or her behalf.

 

Under Delaware law, at any meeting of stockholders, a stockholder may designate another person to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A director of a Delaware corporation may not issue a proxy representing the director's voting rights as a director.

 

With respect to supervisory board meetings, a supervisory board member may participate in a vote by written vote issued to, and presented at the meeting by, another supervisory board member or a third party entitled to attend the supervisory board meeting.

   

Pre-emptive / Subscription Rights

 

Under German law, existing shareholders have statutory subscription rights with respect to any new shares or securities convertible into shares issued pro rata to the nominal value of their respective holdings in the company, unless (i) shareholders holding shares representing three-quarters of the registered share capital represented in the relevant shareholder vote have resolved upon the full or partial exclusion of the subscription rights and (ii) such exclusion is justified by good and objective cause. No separate resolution on the exclusion of subscription rights is required if all shareholders waive their statutory subscription rights.

 

Under Delaware law, stockholders have no pre-emptive rights to subscribe to additional issues of stock or to any security convertible into such stock unless, and except to the extent that, such rights are expressly provided for in the certificate of incorporation.

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  Germany   Delaware

Authority to Allot

 

Under German law, the management board may not allot shares, grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares unless a shareholder resolution has been passed at the company's shareholders' meeting granting the management board such authority—subject to the approval of the supervisory board -, in each case in accordance with the provisions of the German Stock Corporation Act.

 

Under Delaware law, if the corporation's certificate of incorporation so provides, the board of directors has the power to authorize the issuance of stock. It may authorize capital stock to be issued for consideration consisting of cash, any tangible or intangible property or any benefit to the corporation or any combination thereof. It may determine the amount of such consideration by approving a formula. In the absence of actual fraud in the transaction, the judgment of the directors as to the value of such consideration is conclusive.

Voting Rights

 

Under German law, each share, except statutory preferred shares (Vorzugsaktien), entitles its holder to vote at the shareholders' meeting and to participate with such number of votes with respect to one share which correspond to the quota of such share in the company's share capital. While German law does not provide for a minimum attendance quorum for general meetings, the company's articles of association may so provide. In general, resolutions adopted at a shareholders' meeting may be passed by a simple majority of votes cast, unless a higher majority is required by law or under the company's articles of association.

 

Delaware law provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder.

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  Germany   Delaware

Shareholder Vote on Certain Transactions

 

Under German law, certain shareholders' resolutions of fundamental importance require a majority of at least three-quarters of the share capital present or represented in the vote. Resolutions of fundamental importance include, in particular, capital increases with exclusion of subscription rights, capital decreases, the creation of authorized or conditional share capital, the dissolution of a company, a merger into or with another company, split-offs and split-ups, the conclusion of inter-company agreements (Unternehmensverträge), in particular domination agreements (Beherrschungsverträge) and profit and loss transfer agreements (Ergebnisabführungsverträge), and a change of the legal form of a company.

  Generally, under Delaware law, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for the vote of a larger portion of the stock, completion of a merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of a corporation's assets or dissolution requires:

the approval of the board of directors; and

approval by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock or, if the certificate of incorporation provides for more or less than one vote per share, a majority of the votes of the outstanding stock of a corporation entitled to vote on the matter.

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  Germany   Delaware

Liability of Directors and Officers

 

Under German law, any provision, whether contained in the company's articles of association or any contract or otherwise, that purports to exempt a management board or supervisory board member from any liability that would otherwise result from any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company is void.

Under German law, members of both the management board and members of the supervisory board are liable to the company, and in certain cases to third parties or shareholders, for any damage caused to them due to a breach of such member's duty of care. Apart from insolvency or special circumstances, only the company has the right to claim damages from members of either board.

The company may waive claims for damages against a negligent management board or supervisory board member only after the expiry of three years and with the approval of such waiver by the shareholders' meeting with a simple majority of the votes cast, unless shareholders who, in the aggregate, hold one-tenth or more of the company's share capital object to the waiver and have their objection formally recorded in the minutes of the shareholder meeting by a German civil law notary.

 

Under Delaware law, a corporation's certificate of incorporation may include a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation and its stockholders for damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However, no provision can limit the liability of a director for:

any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;

acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

intentional or negligent payment of unlawful dividends or stock purchases or redemptions; or

any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit.

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  Germany   Delaware

Standard of Conduct for Directors and Officers

 

Under German law, management board members and supervisory board members must conduct their affairs with "the care and diligence of a prudent business person," or a prudent supervisory board member, as the case may be, and act in the best interests of the company. The scope of the fiduciary duties of management board members and supervisory board members is determined by German legislation and interpreted by the German courts.

Statutory and fiduciary duties of members of the management board to the company include, among others:

to act in accordance with the law, the company's articles of association and the rules of procedure for the management board, if any;

to report to the supervisory board on a regular basis as well as on certain important occasions;

to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence;

to maintain a proper accounting system;

to not compete, directly or indirectly, with the company without permission by the supervisory board; and

if the company is insolvent, to ensure that no further transactions are entered into on behalf of the company.

 

Delaware law does not contain specific provisions setting forth the standard of conduct of a director. The scope of the fiduciary duties of directors is generally determined by the courts of the State of Delaware. In general, directors have a duty to act without self-interest, on a well-informed basis and in a manner they reasonably believe to be in the best interest of the stockholders.

Directors of a Delaware corporation owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and to its shareholders. The duty of care generally requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself or herself of all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use his or her corporate position for personal gain or advantage. In general, but subject to certain exceptions, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interest of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Delaware courts have also imposed a heightened standard of conduct upon directors of a Delaware corporation who take any action designed to defeat a threatened change in control of the corporation.

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  Germany   Delaware

 

Members of the supervisory board owe substantially the same statutory and fiduciary duties to the company as members of the management board. Additionally, their duties include:

to effectively supervise the company's affairs and the management board;

to evaluate and issue a resolution on certain transactions which may only be carried out by the management board with the consent of the supervisory board;

 

In addition, under Delaware law, when the board of directors of a Delaware corporation approves the sale or break-up of a corporation, the board of directors may, in certain circumstances, have a duty to obtain the highest value reasonably available to the shareholders.

 

to approve the company's financial statements;

   

 

to appoint the management board members and to represent the company in transactions between the company and members of the management board; and

   

 

to approve service contracts between individual members of the management board and the company.

   

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  Germany   Delaware

Stockholder Suits

 

Under German law, generally, the company, rather than its shareholders, is the proper claimant in an action with respect to a wrong committed against the company or an irregularity in the company's internal management or supervision. Accordingly, such claims may only be raised by the company represented by its management board, or, in the case of a wrong committed by a member of the management board, by the supervisory board.

Additionally, pursuant to German case law, the supervisory board is generally obliged to pursue the company's claims against the management board, unless in exceptional circumstances it is in the best interest of the company not to pursue such claims.

The management board, or, if a claim is made against a member of the management board, the supervisory board, is obliged to pursue the company's claims against the relevant individuals if so resolved by the shareholders' meeting with a simple majority of votes cast.

 

Under Delaware law, a stockholder may initiate a derivative action to enforce a right of a corporation if the corporation fails to enforce the right itself. The complaint must:

state that the plaintiff was a stockholder at the time of the transaction of which the plaintiff complains or that the plaintiff's shares thereafter devolved on the plaintiff by operation of law; and

allege with particularity the efforts made by the plaintiff to obtain the action the plaintiff desires from the directors and the reasons for the plaintiff's failure to obtain the action; or

state the reasons for not making the effort.

Additionally, the plaintiff must remain a stockholder through the duration of the derivative suit. The action will not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the Delaware Court of Chancery.

 

If the company is unable to fulfill its obligations vis-à-vis third parties, the company's creditors may pursue the company's damage claims against members of the management board for certain wrongdoings.

 

 

 

Under certain circumstances, shareholders can bring damage claims of the company against members of its management board on the company's behalf. In order to bring such a claim, the claimant alone or together with other shareholders needs to hold shares representing at least 1% or a participation of €100,000 in the company's share capital. Additionally, the claimant must have its claim approved in special procedures.

   

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DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

        The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, will register and deliver American Depositary Shares, also referred to as ADSs. Each ADS will represent            of a share (or a right to receive a share) deposited with The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, as custodian for the depositary in Germany. Each ADS will also represent any other securities, cash or other property which may be held by the depositary. The deposited shares together with any other securities, cash or other property held by the depositary are referred to as the deposited securities. The depositary's office at which the ADSs will be administered and its principal executive office are located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286.

        One or more global share certificates representing our shares have been deposited with Clearstream Banking AG, the German central securities depositary, to allow for the book-entry transfer of our shares to accountholders of Clearstream Banking AG, including Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV.

        You may hold ADSs either (A) directly (i) by having an American Depositary Receipt, also referred to as an ADR, which is a certificate evidencing a specific number of ADSs, registered in your name, or (ii) by having uncertificated ADSs registered in your name, or (B) indirectly by holding a security entitlement in ADSs through your broker or other financial institution that is a direct or indirect participant in The Depository Trust Company, also called DTC. If you hold ADSs directly, you are a registered ADS holder, also referred to as an ADS holder. This description assumes you are an ADS holder. If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

        Registered holders of uncertificated ADSs will receive statements from the depositary confirming their holdings.

        As an ADS holder, we will not treat you as one of our shareholders and you will not have shareholder rights. German law governs shareholder rights. The depositary will be the holder of the shares underlying your ADSs. As a registered holder of ADSs, you will have ADS holder rights. A deposit agreement among us, the depositary, ADS holders and all other persons indirectly or beneficially holding ADSs sets out ADS holder rights as well as the rights and obligations of the depositary. New York law governs the deposit agreement and the ADSs.

        The following is a summary of the material provisions of the deposit agreement. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR. Directions on how to obtain copies of those documents are provided under "Where You Can Find More Information."

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares?

        The depositary has agreed to pay or distribute to ADS holders the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, upon payment or deduction of its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of shares your ADSs represent.

    Cash.    The depositary will convert any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on the shares into U.S. dollars, if it can do so on a reasonable basis and can transfer the U.S. dollars to the United States. If that is not possible or if any government approval is needed and cannot be obtained, the deposit agreement allows the depositary to distribute the foreign currency only to those ADS holders to whom it is possible to do so. It will hold the foreign currency it cannot

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    convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid. It will not invest the foreign currency and it will not be liable for any interest.

    Before making a distribution, any withholding taxes, or other governmental charges that must be paid will be deducted. See "Taxation." The depositary will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents and will round fractional cents to the nearest whole cent. If the exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert the foreign currency, you may lose some of the value of the distribution.

    Shares.    The depositary may distribute additional ADSs representing any shares we distribute as a dividend or free distribution. The depositary will only distribute whole ADSs. It will sell shares which would require it to deliver a fraction of an ADS (or ADSs representing those shares) and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash. If the depositary does not distribute additional ADSs, the outstanding ADSs will also represent the new shares. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed shares (or ADSs representing those shares) sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.

    Rights to purchase additional shares.    If we offer holders of our securities any rights to subscribe for additional shares or any other rights, the depositary may (i) exercise those rights on behalf of ADS holders, (ii) distribute those rights to ADS holders or (iii) sell those rights and distribute the net proceeds to ADS holders, in each case after deduction or upon payment of its fees and expenses. To the extent the depositary does not do any of those things, it will allow the rights to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them. The depositary will exercise or distribute rights only if we ask it to and provide satisfactory assurances to the depositary that it is legal to do so. If the depositary will exercise rights, it will purchase the securities to which the rights relate and distribute those securities or, in the case of shares, new ADSs representing the new shares, to subscribing ADS holders, but only if ADS holders have paid the exercise price to the depositary. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute rights or ADSs or other securities issued on exercise of rights to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.

    Other Distributions.    The depositary will send to ADS holders anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it thinks is legal, fair and practical. If it cannot make the distribution in that way, the depositary has a choice. It may decide to sell what we distributed and distribute the net proceeds, in the same way as it does with cash. Or, it may decide to hold what we distributed, in which case ADSs will also represent the newly distributed property. However, the depositary is not required to distribute any securities (other than ADSs) to ADS holders unless it receives satisfactory evidence from us that it is legal to make that distribution. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed securities or property sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution. U.S. securities laws may restrict the ability of the depositary to distribute securities to all or certain ADS holders, and the securities distributed may be subject to restrictions on transfer.

        The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders. We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you.

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Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How are ADSs issued?

        The depositary will deliver ADSs if you or your broker deposits shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs to or upon the order of the person or persons that made the deposit.

How can ADS holders withdraw the deposited securities?

        You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary for the purpose of withdrawal. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will deliver the shares and any other deposited securities underlying the ADSs to the ADS holder or a person the ADS holder designates at the office of the custodian. Or, at your request, risk and expense, the depositary will deliver the deposited securities at its office, if feasible. However, the depositary is not required to accept surrender of ADSs to the extent it would require delivery of a fraction of a deposited share or other security. The depositary may charge you a fee and its expenses for instructing the custodian regarding delivery of deposited securities.

How do ADS holders interchange between certificated ADSs and uncertificated ADSs?

        You may surrender your ADR to the depositary for the purpose of exchanging your ADR for uncertificated ADSs. The depositary will cancel that ADR and will send to the ADS holder a statement confirming that the ADS holder is the registered holder of uncertificated ADSs. Upon receipt by the depositary of a proper instruction from a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs requesting the exchange of uncertificated ADSs for certificated ADSs, the depositary will execute and deliver to the ADS holder an ADR evidencing those ADSs.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

        ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote the number of deposited shares their ADSs represent. If we request the depositary to solicit your voting instructions (and we are not required to do so), the depositary will notify you of a shareholders' meeting and send or make voting materials available to you. Those materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote. For instructions to be valid, they must reach the depositary by a date set by the depositary. The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to the laws of Germany and the provisions of our articles of association or similar documents, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as instructed by ADS holders. If we do not request the depositary to solicit your voting instructions, you can still send voting instructions, and, in that case, the depositary may try to vote as you instruct, but it is not required to do so.

        Except by instructing the depositary as described above, you won't be able to exercise voting rights unless you surrender your ADSs and withdraw the shares. However, you may not know about the meeting enough in advance to withdraw the shares. In any event, the depositary will not exercise any discretion in voting deposited securities and it will only vote or attempt to vote as instructed.

        We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise voting rights and there may be nothing you can do if your shares are not voted as you requested.

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        In order to give you a reasonable opportunity to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to Deposited Securities, if we request the Depositary to act, we agree to give the depositary notice of any such meeting and details concerning the matters to be voted upon in advance of the meeting date.

Fees and Expenses

Persons depositing or withdrawing
shares or ADS holders must pay:
  For:
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)   Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property

 

 

Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates

$.05 (or less) per ADS

 

Any cash distribution to ADS holders

A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs

 

Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities (including rights) that are distributed by the depositary to ADS holders

$.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year

 

Depositary services

Registration or transfer fees

 

Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares

Expenses of the depositary

 

Cable and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)

 

 

Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian has to pay on any ADSs or shares underlying ADSs, such as stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes

 

As necessary

Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities

 

As necessary

        The depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable (or by selling a portion of securities or other property distributable) to ADS holders that are obligated to pay those fees. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

        From time to time, the depositary may make payments to us to reimburse us for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program, waive fees and

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expenses for services provided to us by the depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders. In performing its duties under the deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency dealers or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

        The depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the deposit agreement and the rate that the depositary or its affiliate receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the deposit agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to ADS holders, subject to the depositary's obligations under the deposit agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

Payment of Taxes

        You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable on your ADSs or on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs. The depositary may refuse to register any transfer of your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities represented by your ADSs until those taxes or other charges are paid. It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities represented by your American Depositary Shares to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency. If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to ADS holders any proceeds, or send to ADS holders any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes.

Tender and Exchange Offers; Redemption, Replacement or Cancellation of Deposited Securities

        The depositary will not tender deposited securities in any voluntary tender or exchange offer unless instructed to do by an ADS holder surrendering ADSs and subject to any conditions or procedures the depositary may establish.

        If deposited securities are redeemed for cash in a transaction that is mandatory for the depositary as a holder of deposited securities, the depositary will call for surrender of a corresponding number of ADSs and distribute the net redemption money to the holders of called ADSs upon surrender of those ADSs.

        If there is any change in the deposited securities such as a sub-division, combination or other reclassification, or any merger, consolidation, recapitalization or reorganization affecting the issuer of deposited securities in which the depositary receives new securities in exchange for or in lieu of the old deposited securities, the depositary will hold those replacement securities as deposited securities under the deposit agreement. However, if the depositary decides it would not be lawful and practical to hold the replacement securities because those securities could not be distributed to ADS holders or for any other reason, the depositary may instead sell the replacement securities and distribute the net proceeds upon surrender of the ADSs.

        If there is a replacement of the deposited securities and the depositary will continue to hold the replacement securities, the depositary may distribute new ADSs representing the new deposited securities or ask you to surrender your outstanding ADRs in exchange for new ADRs identifying the new deposited securities.

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        If there are no deposited securities underlying ADSs, including if the deposited securities are cancelled, or if the deposited securities underlying ADSs have become apparently worthless, the depositary may call for surrender or of those ADSs or cancel those ADSs upon notice to the ADS holders.

Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

        We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADRs without your consent for any reason. If an amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges or expenses of the depositary for registration fees, facsimile costs, delivery charges or similar items, or prejudices a substantial right of ADS holders, it will not become effective for outstanding ADSs until 30 days after the depositary notifies ADS holders of the amendment. At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADSs, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADRs and the deposit agreement as amended.

How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

        The depositary will initiate termination of the deposit agreement if we instruct it to do so. The depositary may initiate termination of the deposit agreement if

    60 days have passed since the depositary told us it wants to resign but a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment;

    we delist the ADSs from an exchange on which they were listed and do not list the ADSs on another exchange;

    we appear to be insolvent or enter insolvency proceedings

    all or substantially all the value of the deposited securities has been distributed either in cash or in the form of securities;

    there are no deposited securities underlying the ADSs or the underlying deposited securities have become apparently worthless; or

    there has been a replacement of deposited securities.

        If the deposit agreement will terminate, the depositary will notify ADS holders at least 90 days before the termination date. At any time after the termination date, the depositary may sell the deposited securities. After that, the depositary will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the deposit agreement, unsegregated and without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that have not surrendered their ADSs. Normally, the depositary will sell as soon as practicable after the termination date.

        After the termination date and before the depositary sells, ADS holders can still surrender their ADSs and receive delivery of deposited securities, except that the depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing deposited securities or reverse previously accepted surrenders of that kind if it would interfere with the selling process. The depositary may refuse to accept a surrender for the purpose of withdrawing sale proceeds until all the deposited securities have been sold. The depositary will continue to collect distributions on deposited securities, but, after the termination date, the depositary is not required to register any transfer of ADSs or distribute any dividends or other distributions on deposited securities to the ADSs holder (until they surrender their ADSs) or give any notices or perform any other duties under the deposit agreement except as described in this paragraph.

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Limitations on Obligations and Liability

Limits on our Obligations and the Obligations of the Depositary; Limits on Liability to Holders of ADSs

        The deposit agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of the depositary. It also limits our liability and the liability of the depositary. We and the depositary:

    are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the deposit agreement without negligence or bad faith, and the depositary will not be a fiduciary or have any fiduciary duty to holders of ADSs;

    are not liable if we are or it is prevented or delayed by law or by events or circumstances beyond our or its control from performing our or its obligations under the deposit agreement;

    are not liable if we or it exercises discretion permitted under the deposit agreement;

    are not liable for the inability of any holder of ADSs to benefit from any distribution on deposited securities that is not made available to holders of ADSs under the terms of the deposit agreement, or for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the deposit agreement;

    have no obligation to become involved in a lawsuit or other proceeding related to the ADSs or the deposit agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other person;

    may rely upon any documents we believe or it believes in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person;

    are not liable for the acts or omissions of any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system; and

    the depositary has no duty to make any determination or provide any information as to our tax status, or any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by ADS holders as a result of owning or holding ADSs or be liable for the inability or failure of an ADS holder to obtain the benefit of a foreign tax credit, reduced rate of withholding or refund of amounts withheld in respect of tax or any other tax benefit.

        In the deposit agreement, we and the depositary agree to indemnify each other under certain circumstances.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

        Before the depositary will deliver or register a transfer of ADSs, make a distribution on ADSs, or permit withdrawal of shares, the depositary may require:

    payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any shares or other deposited securities;

    satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and

    compliance with regulations it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including presentation of transfer documents.

        The depositary may refuse to deliver ADSs or register transfers of ADSs when the transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books are closed or at any time if the depositary or we think it advisable to do so.

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Your Right to Receive the Shares Underlying your ADSs

        ADS holders have the right to cancel their ADSs and withdraw the underlying shares at any time except:

    when temporary delays arise because: (i) the depositary has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (ii) the transfer of shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders' meeting; or (iii) we are paying a dividend on our shares;

    when you owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; or

    when it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of shares or other deposited securities.

        This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

Direct Registration System

        In the deposit agreement, all parties to the deposit agreement acknowledge that the Direct Registration System, also referred to as DRS, and Profile Modification System, also referred to as Profile, will apply to the ADSs. DRS is a system administered by DTC that facilitates interchange between registered holding of uncertificated ADSs and holding of security entitlements in ADSs through DTC and a DTC participant. Profile is a feature of DRS that allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of a registered holder of uncertificated ADSs, to direct the depositary to register a transfer of those ADSs to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those ADSs to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the depositary of prior authorization from the ADS holder to register that transfer.

        In connection with and in accordance with the arrangements and procedures relating to DRS/Profile, the parties to the deposit agreement understand that the depositary will not determine whether the DTC participant that is claiming to be acting on behalf of an ADS holder in requesting registration of transfer and delivery as described in the paragraph above has the actual authority to act on behalf of the ADS holder (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). In the deposit agreement, the parties agree that the depositary's reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the depositary through the DRS/Profile system and in accordance with the deposit agreement will not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the depositary.

Shareholder communications; inspection of register of holders of ADSs

        The depositary will make available for your inspection at its office all communications that it receives from us as a holder of deposited securities that we make generally available to holders of deposited securities. The depositary will send you copies of those communications or otherwise make those communications available to you if we ask it to. You have a right to inspect the register of holders of ADSs, but not for the purpose of contacting those holders about a matter unrelated to our business or the ADSs.

Jury Trial Waiver

        The deposit agreement provides that, to the extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to the ADSs or the deposit agreement. We believe the deposit agreement's jury trial waiver is enforceable; however, if an ADS holder were to seek a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to the ADSs or the deposit agreement and we or the depositary opposed such a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable in the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with applicable case law. However, you will not, by agreeing to the terms of the deposit agreement, be deemed to have waived our or the depositary's compliance with U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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SHARES AND ADSs ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

        Upon completion of this offering and the concurrent private placement,                         ADSs will be outstanding, representing approximately         % of our outstanding ordinary shares. All of the ADSs sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than by our "affiliates" without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of ADSs in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of the ADSs. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or the ADSs, and although we intend to apply to list the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, we cannot assure you that a regular trading market will develop in the ADSs. We do not intend to list our ordinary shares on a trading market and therefore do not expect that a trading market will develop for our ordinary shares not represented by the ADSs. Furthermore, since no ordinary shares or ADSs will be available for sale by our shareholders after the completion of this offering because of the contractual and legal restrictions on resale described below, sales of substantial numbers of ADSs in the public market after these restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

Lock-Up Agreements

        We, the members of our management board and our supervisory board, our current shareholders and Corning have agreed to certain restrictions on our and their ability to sell additional ADSs or ordinary shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. We and they have agreed not to directly or indirectly offer for sale, sell, contract to sell, grant any option for the sale of, or otherwise issue or dispose of, any ADSs or ordinary shares, options or warrants to acquire ADSs or ordinary shares, or any related security or instrument, without the prior written consent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. The agreements provide exceptions for, among other things, sales to underwriters pursuant to the underwriting agreement. For more information, see "Underwriting."

Rule 144

        In general, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act as in effect on the date of this prospectus, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, a person who is not an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has held their ordinary shares for at least six months, as measured by SEC rule, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, may sell ordinary shares without restriction, provided current public information about us is available. In addition, under Rule 144, any person who is not an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has held their ordinary shares for at least one year, as measured by SEC rule, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would be entitled to sell an unlimited number of ordinary shares immediately upon consummation of this offering without regard to whether current public information about us is available.

        Beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, a person who is an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned "restricted" ordinary shares for at least six months, as measured by applicable SEC rules, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, is entitled to sell a number of restricted ordinary shares within any three-month period that does not exceed the greater of:

    1% of the number of ordinary shares then outstanding, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, which will equal approximately                        ordinary shares immediately after this offering; and

    the average weekly trading volume of the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.

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        Sales of restricted ordinary shares under Rule 144 held by our affiliates are also subject to requirements regarding the manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us. Rule 144 also requires that affiliates relying on Rule 144 to sell ordinary shares that are not restricted shares must nonetheless comply with the same restrictions applicable to restricted shares, other than the holding period requirement.

        In addition, in each case, these ordinary shares would remain subject to lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.

Regulation S

        Regulation S under the Securities Act provides that shares owned by any person may be sold without registration in the United States, provided that the sale is effected in an offshore transaction and no directed selling efforts are made in the United States (as these terms are defined in Regulation S), subject to certain other conditions. In general, this means that our shares may be sold outside the United States without registration in the United States being required.

Rule 701

        Under Rule 701 under the Securities Act, ordinary shares acquired upon the exercise of options or pursuant to other rights granted under a written compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement in compliance with Rule 701 may be resold, by:

    persons other than affiliates, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject only to the manner-of-sale provisions of Rule 144; and

    our affiliates, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, subject to the manner-of-sale and volume limitations, current public information and filing requirements of Rule 144, in each case, without compliance with the six-month holding period requirement of Rule 144.

Equity Plans

        If we adopt an equity incentive plan, we intend to file one or more registration statements under the Securities Act after the consummation of this offering to register all ordinary shares and/or ADSs issued or issuable pursuant to such equity incentive plan, see "Management—Compensation of Management Board and Supervisory Board Members—Equity Incentive Plan" for more details about the potential incentive plan. We expect to file the registration statements covering such ordinary shares shortly after the later of the date of this prospectus or the implementation of such equity incentive plan, permitting the resale of such shares by non-affiliates in the public market without restriction under the Securities Act and the sale by affiliates in the public market subject to compliance with the resale provisions of Rule 144.

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EXCHANGE CONTROLS AND LIMITATIONS AFFECTING SHAREHOLDERS

        There are currently no legal restrictions in Germany on international capital movements and foreign exchange transactions, except in limited embargo circumstances (Teilembargo) relating to certain areas, entities or persons as a result of applicable resolutions adopted by the United Nations and the EU. Restrictions currently exist with respect to, among others, Belarus, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Zimbabwe.

        For statistical purposes, there are, however, limited notification requirements regarding transactions involving cross-border monetary transfers. With some exceptions, every corporation or individual residing in Germany must report to the German Central Bank (Deutsche Bundesbank) (i) any payment received from, or made to, a non-resident corporation or individual that exceeds €12,500 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency) and (ii) in case the sum of claims against, or liabilities payable to, non-residents or corporations exceeds €5,000,000 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency) at the end of any calendar month. Payments include cash payments made by means of direct debit, checks and bills, remittances denominated in euros and other currencies made through financial institutions, as well as netting and clearing arrangements.

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TAXATION

        The following discussion describes the material U.S. and German tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of the ADSs. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase ADSs by any particular investor, including tax considerations that arise from rules of general application to all taxpayers or to certain classes of taxpayers that are generally assumed to be known by investors. In particular, this discussion does not address tax considerations applicable to a U.S. holder (as defined in "—U.S. Taxation" below) or other holder that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities electing mark to market, notional principal contracts or currencies, Medicare contribution tax, financial institutions, insurance companies, U.S. expatriates and inverted companies, certain stapled companies, tax-exempt organizations, tax-deferred or other retirement accounts, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, a person that holds ADSs as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion or other integrated transaction for tax purposes, a person that purchases or sells ADSs as part of a wash sale for tax purposes, a person whose functional currency for tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar, a person subject to the U.S. alternative minimum tax, a person who does not hold the ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes, or a person that owns or is deemed to own 10% or more of the company's stock (by vote or value). In addition, the discussion does not address tax consequences to an entity treated as a partnership (or other pass-through entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes that holds ADSs. Prospective purchasers that are partners in a partnership holding ADSs should consult their own tax advisors.

German Taxation

        The following discussion describes the material German tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of ADSs. With the exception of the subsection "Income Taxation of German Tax Resident Holders" below, which provides an overview of dividend taxation of holders that are tax resident in Germany, this discussion applies only to U.S. treaty beneficiaries (defined below) that acquire ADSs in the offering.

        This discussion is based on German tax laws, including, but not limited to, circulars issued by German tax authorities, which are not binding on the German courts, and the Treaty (as defined below). It is based upon tax laws in effect as of the date of this prospectus. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. There is no assurance that German tax authorities will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described in this discussion.

        This discussion does not address the treatment of ADSs that are (i) held in connection with a permanent establishment or fixed base through which a U.S. treaty beneficiary carries on business or performs personal services in Germany or (ii) part of business assets for which a permanent representative in Germany has been appointed.

        In addition, this discussion is based upon the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. It does not purport to be a comprehensive or exhaustive description of all German tax considerations that may be of relevance in the context of acquiring, owning and disposing of ADSs.

        Prospective holders of ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the German tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs in light of their particular circumstances, including the effect of any state, local, or other foreign or domestic laws or changes in tax law or interpretation.

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German Taxation of ADSs

        This subsection "German Taxation of ADSs" is the opinion of Dechert LLP insofar as it relates to legal conclusions with respect to matters of applicable German tax law as in effect on the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

    General German Tax Treatment of ADSs

        As of the date hereof, no published German tax court decisions exist as to the German tax treatment of ADRs or ADSs. However, based on the circular issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance (Bundesfinanzministerium) dated May 24, 2013, reference number IV C 1-S2204/12/10003, or the "ADR Tax Circular," for German tax purposes, the ADSs should represent a beneficial ownership interest in the underlying shares of the company and qualify as ADRs for the purpose of the ADR Tax Circular. If the ADSs qualify as ADRs under the ADR Tax Circular, dividends will accordingly be attributable to holders of ADSs for tax purposes, and not to the legal owner of the ordinary shares (i.e., the financial institution on behalf of which the ordinary shares are stored at a domestic depository for the ADS holders). Furthermore, holders of ADSs will be treated as beneficial owners of the capital of the company with respect to capital gains (see below in section "—German Taxation of Capital Gains of the U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries of the ADSs"). However, investors should note that circulars published by the German tax authorities (including the ADR Tax Circular) are not binding on German courts, including German tax courts, and it is uncertain whether a German court would follow the ADR Tax Circular in determining the German tax treatment of the ADSs. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this German tax section it is assumed that the ADSs qualify as ADRs within the meaning of the ADR Tax Circular.

    Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders

        The following discussion describes material German tax consequences for a holder that is a U.S. treaty beneficiary of acquiring, owning and disposing of ADSs. For purposes of this discussion, a "U.S. treaty beneficiary" is a resident of the United States for purposes of the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and United States of America for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and certain other Taxes in the version published as of June 4, 2008 (Abkommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung und zur Verhinderung der Steuerverkürzung auf dem Gebiet der Steuern vom Einkommen und vom Vermögen und einiger anderer Steuern in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 4. Juni 2008) as published in the German Federal Law Gazette 2008 vol. II pp. 611/851 (hereinafter referred to as the "Treaty") who is fully eligible for benefits under the Treaty.

        A holder will be a U.S. treaty beneficiary entitled to full Treaty benefits in respect of the ADSs if it is, inter alia:

    the beneficial owner of the ADSs (and the dividends paid with respect thereto);

    a U.S. holder;

    not also a resident of Germany for German tax purposes; and

    not subject to the limitation on benefits (i.e., anti-treaty shopping article of the Treaty or German domestic rules) that applies in limited circumstances.

        Special rules apply to pension funds and certain other tax-exempt investors.

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    General Rules for the Taxation of Non-German Tax Resident Holders of ADSs.

        Non-German resident holders of ADSs are subject to German taxation with respect to certain German source income (beschränkte Steuerpflicht). According to the ADR Tax Circular, income from the shares should be attributed to the holders of ADSs for German tax purposes. As a consequence, income from the ADSs should be treated as German source income (dividend distributions of a corporate with a statutory seat and/or its place of central management in Germany). However, the repayment of capital contributions (Einlagenrückgewähr) for tax purposes is considered as reduction of the acquisition costs of the respective shares rather than as dividend payment.

        The full amount of a dividend distributed by the company to a non-German resident holder is subject as a matter of principal to (final) German withholding tax at an aggregate rate of 26.375% (25% (corporate) income tax plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge thereon). The amount of the relevant taxable income is based on the gross amount in Euro; any currency differences should be irrelevant.

        German withholding tax on capital income (Kapitalertragsteuer) is withheld and remitted to the competent German tax authorities by the German dividend disbursing agent. The disbursing agent is

    (i)
    the German credit institution or financial services institution (including the German branch of a foreign enterprise) or

    (ii)
    a German securities trading enterprise or

    (iii)
    a German securities trading bank (each as defined in the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz))

that

    (a)
    holds or administers the underlying shares in custody and disburses or credits the dividend income from the underlying shares or

    (b)
    disburses or credits the dividend income from the underlying shares on delivery of the dividend coupons or

    (c)
    disburses such dividend income to a foreign agent or the central securities depository (Wertpapiersammelbank) in terms of the German Depositary Act (Depotgesetz) holding the underlying shares in a collective deposit, if such central securities depository disburses the dividend income from the underlying shares to a foreign agent,

regardless of whether a holder must report the dividend for tax purposes and regardless of whether or not a holder is a resident of Germany.

        Pursuant to the provisions of the Treaty, the German withholding tax may not exceed 15% of the dividends collected by U.S. treaty beneficiaries. The excess of the total withholding tax, including the solidarity surcharge, over the maximum rate of withholding tax permitted by the Treaty is refunded to U.S. treaty beneficiaries upon application. For example, for a declared dividend in the amount of €100, a U.S. treaty beneficiary initially receives €73.625 (€100 minus the 26.375% withholding tax including solidarity surcharge). The U.S. treaty beneficiary is entitled to a partial withholding tax refund from the German tax authorities in the amount of €11.375 of the gross dividend (€100). As a result, the U.S. treaty beneficiary ultimately receives a total amount of €85 (85% of the declared dividend) following the refund of the excess withholding. However, such a refund is subject to the German anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule (as described below in section "—Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries").

        A reduced permitted German withholding tax rate of 5% would apply according to the Treaty provisions, if the U.S. treaty beneficiary is a corporation and holds directly at least 10% of the voting shares of the dividend paying company.

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        German Taxation of Capital Gains of U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries of the ADSs.    Capital gains from the disposition of ADSs realized by a non-German tax resident holder who does not maintain a permanent establishment or other taxable presence in Germany will be treated as German source income and be subject to German (corporate) income tax if such holder at any time during the five years preceding the disposition, directly or indirectly, owned 1% or more of the company's share capital (or other equity related instruments, as specified by law), irrespective of whether through the ADSs or shares of the company. If such holder had acquired the ADSs without consideration, the previous owner's holding period and quota would be taken into account when calculating the above holding period and the participation threshold.

        However, U.S. treaty beneficiaries are eligible for treaty benefits under the Treaty (as described above in the section "—Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders"). Pursuant to the Treaty, U.S. treaty beneficiaries are not subject to German tax with any capital gain derived from the sale of the ADSs, even under the circumstances described in the preceding paragraph and therefore will not be taxed on capital gains from the disposition of the ADSs.

        German statutory law obliges a German disbursing agent to levy withholding tax on capital gains from the sale of ADSs or other securities held in a custodial account in Germany. With regard to the German taxation of capital gains, German disbursing agent means a German credit institution or the financial services institution, including a German branch of a foreign enterprise, or a German securities trading enterprise or a German securities trading bank (each as defined in the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz)) that holds the ADSs in custody or administers the ADSs for the investor or conducts sales or other dispositions and disburses or credits the income from the ADSs to the holder of the ADSs. It should be noted that the German statutory law does not explicitly condition the obligation to withhold taxes on capital gains being subject to taxation in Germany under German statutory law or on an applicable income tax treaty permitting Germany to tax such capital gains. However, a circular issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance, dated January 18, 2016, reference number IV C 1-S2252/08/10004:017 (published in the German Federal Tax Gazette 2016 vol. I pp. 85), as amended from time to time, provides that German taxes on capital gains need not be withheld when the holder of the custody account is not a resident of Germany for tax purposes and the income is not subject to German taxation. The circular further states that there is no obligation to withhold such tax even if the non-German resident holder owns 1% or more of the share capital of a German corporation. Although circulars issued by the German Federal Ministry of Finance are in principle only binding on the German tax authorities, a German disbursing agent is expected not to withhold tax on capital gains derived by a U.S. treaty beneficiary from the disposition of ADSs held in a custodial account in Germany, unless that the holder of the ADSs does not provide evidence on its tax status.

        Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries.    U.S. treaty beneficiaries are generally eligible for treaty benefits under the Treaty (as described above in Section "—Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders"). Accordingly, U.S. treaty beneficiaries are entitled to claim a refund of the portion of the otherwise applicable 26.375% German withholding tax on dividends that exceeds the applicable Treaty rate. However, as previously discussed, investors should note that it is not free of risks how the German tax administration will apply the refund process to dividends on the ADSs. Further, such refund is subject to the German anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule according to section 50d para. 3 of the German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz). Generally, this rule requires that the U.S. treaty beneficiary (in case it is a non-German resident company) maintains its own administrative substance and conducts its own business activities. In particular, a foreign company shall not have the right to a full or partial refund to the extent persons holding ownership interests in the company would not be entitled to the refund if they would have derived the income directly and the gross income realized by the foreign company is not caused by the business activities of the foreign company, and there are either no economic or other considerable reasons for the interposition of the foreign

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company, or the foreign company does not participate in general commerce by means of a business organization with resources appropriate to its business purpose. However, this shall not apply if the foreign company's principal class of stock is regularly traded in substantial volume on a recognized stock exchange, or if the foreign company is subject to the provisions of the German Investment Tax Act (Investmentsteuergesetz). Furthermore, the European Court of Justice recently decided that the German anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule, as described before, is not in line with the requirements of the European Directive 2011/96EC (the European Parent Subsidiary Directive), as amended from time to time, but this decision will not directly affect non-European resident holders of shares. Therefore, whether or not and to which extent the anti-avoidance treaty shopping rule applies, has to be analyzed on a case by case basis taking into account all relevant tests. In addition, the interpretation of these tests is disputed and until the time of filing of this prospectus no published decisions of the German Federal Finance Court (Bundesfinanzhof) dealing with the interpretation of these tests exist.

        Due to the legal structure of the ADSs, only limited guidance of the German tax authorities exists on the practical application of this procedure with respect to the ADSs.

    Income Taxation of German Tax Resident Holders

        This subsection provides an overview of general taxation principles applicable to the holders of ADSs who are tax resident in Germany. A holder is a German tax resident if, in case of an individual, he or she maintains a residence (Wohnsitz) or his or her habitual abode (gewöhnlicher Aufenthalt) in Germany or if, in case of a corporation, it has its place of central management (Geschäftsleitung) or a statutory seat (Sitz) in Germany.

        The German dividend and capital gains taxation rules applicable to German tax residents require a distinction between ADSs held as private assets (Privatvermögen) and ADSs held as business assets (Betriebsvermögen).

        ADSs held as Private Assets (Privatvermögen).    If ADSs are held as private assets by a German tax resident individual, dividends and capital gains are taxed as capital income (Einkünfte aus Kapitalvermögen) and are principally subject to 25% German flat rate income tax on capital income (Abgeltungsteuer) (plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge (Solidaritätszuschlag) thereon, resulting in an aggregate rate of 26.375% and plus church tax (Kirchensteuer), if applicable), which is generally levied in the form of withholding tax on capital income (Kapitalertragsteuer). The holder is taxed on gross capital income (including dividends or gains with respect to ADSs), less the annual saver's tax-free allowance (Sparer-Pauschbetrag) of currently €801 for an individual or €1,602 for married couples and registered civil unions (eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaften) filing jointly. The deduction of actual expenses relating to the capital income (including dividends or gains with respect to ADSs) is not permitted.

        The withholding tax on capital income generally settles the income tax liability of the holder with respect to the capital income. However, private investors may request the application of their personal progressive income tax rate on the whole income from capital investments in a given year if this results in a lower tax liability. If this is the case, any tax withheld in access will be refunded during the personal income tax assessment procedure.

        Losses resulting from the disposal of ADSs can only be offset with capital gains from the disposition of shares of corporations (Aktien) and other ADSs treated similar to shares. If, however, a holder directly or indirectly held at least 1% of the share capital of the company at any time during the five years preceding the disposition, the German flat rate income tax on capital income does not apply with regard to such capital gain, but 60% of the capital gain resulting from the disposition are taxable at the holder's personal progressive income tax rate (plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge and church tax, if applicable, thereon). Correspondingly, only 60% of any capital losses and disposal costs are tax deductible.

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        ADSs held as Business Assets (Betriebsvermögen).    In case the ADSs are held as business assets, the actual taxation depends on the legal form of the holder (i.e., whether the holder is a corporation or an individual). Irrespective of the legal form of the holder, dividends are generally subject to the aggregate withholding tax rate of 26.375%, unless the holder of the ADSs is an investment fund (Investmentfonds) subject to German investment taxation. The tax actually withheld is credited against the respective holder's final (corporate or personal) income tax liability. To the extent the amount withheld exceeds the (corporate or personal) income tax liability, the withholding tax will be refunded, provided that certain requirements are met.

        With regard to holders in the legal form of a corporation, capital gains from ADSs are in general effectively 95% tax exempt from corporate income tax (including solidarity surcharge) and trade tax. In contrast, dividends from ADSs are only 95% exempt from corporate income tax, if the corporation holds at least 10% of the share capital in the company at the beginning of the respective calendar year. To the extent ADSs and/or shares of 10% or more of the company have been acquired during a calendar year, the acquisition will be deemed to be made at the beginning of the calendar year. Furthermore, dividends are subject to trade tax (Gewerbesteuer), unless the holder holds at least 15% of the share capital in the company at the beginning of the tax assessment period. In the latter case, effectively 95% of the dividends are exempt from trade tax.

        Business expenses and capital losses actually incurred in connection with ADSs might not be tax deductible for corporate income and trade tax purposes except if certain requirements are met. This concerns in particular expenses which are related to the disposition of ADSs.

        With regard to individuals holding ADSs as business assets, 60% of dividends and capital gains are taxed at the personal progressive income tax rate of the holder of ADSs (plus 5.5% solidarity surcharge and church tax, if applicable, thereon). Correspondingly, only 60% of business expenses related to the respective income are principally deductible for income tax purposes. Furthermore, trade tax may apply, provided the ADSs are held as assets of a German trade or business (Gewerbebetrieb) of the holder, but the resulting trade tax might be credited against the income tax liability of the holder pursuant to a lump sum procedure.

        Special taxation rules apply to German tax resident credit institutions (Kreditinstitute), financial services institutions (Finanzdienstleistungsinstitute), financial enterprises (Finanzunternehmen), life insurance and health insurance companies (Lebens- und Krankenversicherungsunternehmen), pension funds (Pensionsfonds) and investment funds (Investmentfonds).

German Inheritance and Gift Tax (Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer)

        Generally, a transfer of ADSs by a holder at death or by way of gift will be subject to German gift or inheritance tax, respectively, if (i) the decedent or donor, or the heir, donee or other transferee is resident in Germany at the time of the transfer, or with respect to German citizens who are not resident in Germany, if the decedent or donor, or the heir, donee or other transferee has not been continuously outside of Germany for a period of more than five years; (ii) the ADSs or ordinary shares are part of the business property of a permanent establishment or a fixed base in Germany; or (iii) the ADSs or ordinary shares subject to such transfer form part of a portfolio that represents 10% or more of the registered share capital of the company and has been held, directly or indirectly, by the decedent or donor, respectively, at the time of the transfer, actually or constructively together with related parties.

        However, the right of Germany to impose gift or inheritance tax on a non-resident shareholder may be limited by an applicable estate tax treaty. In the case of a U.S. resident holder, a transfer of ADSs by a U.S. resident holder at death or by way of gift generally will not be subject to German gift or inheritance tax pursuant to the estate tax treaty between the U.S. and Germany (Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America for the Avoidance of

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Double Taxation with respect to Estate, Gift and Inheritance Taxes, German Federal Law Gazette 1982 vol. II page 846, as amended by the Protocol of December 14, 1998 and as published on December 21, 2000, German Federal Law Gazette 2001 vol. II, page 65; the "Estate Tax Treaty") provided the decedent or donor, or the heir, donee or other transferee was not domiciled in Germany for purposes of the Estate Tax Treaty at the time the gift was made, or at the time of the decedent's death, and the ADSs were not held in connection with a permanent establishment or a fixed base in Germany. In general, the Estate Tax Treaty provides a credit against the U.S. federal gift or estate tax liability for the amount of gift or inheritance tax paid in Germany, subject to certain limitations, in a case where the ADSs or ordinary shares are subject to German gift or inheritance tax and U.S. federal gift or estate tax.

Other German Taxes

        There are currently no German net worth, transfer, stamp or other similar taxes that would apply to a U.S. holder on the acquisition, ownership, sale or other disposition of the ADSs.

Information and Reporting Requirements

        The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development released the Common Reporting Standard ("CRS") designed to create a global standard for the automatic exchange of financial account information, similar to the information to be reported under FATCA.

        Under the CRS and legislation enacted in Germany to implement the CRS, generally certain information needs to be disclosed about investors in the shares, the ultimate beneficial owners and/or controllers, and their investment in and returns from the shares.

        All prospective investors should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of their investment in the ADSs.

U.S. Taxation

        The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences that are relevant with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the ADSs by U.S. holders and is the opinion of Dechert LLP insofar as it relates to legal conclusions with respect to matters of U.S. federal income tax law as in effect on the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The information provided below is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, rulings and pronouncements, and judicial decisions all as now in effect and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. It does not provide a complete analysis of all potential tax considerations. For example, the opinion does not describe the effect of the U.S. federal estate and gift tax laws, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (including the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and intergovernmental agreements entered into in connection therewith) or the effects of any foreign, state or local laws that may be applicable to a U.S. holder.

        For purposes of this opinion, a "U.S. holder" is a beneficial owner of ADSs that for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation, or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state of the United States, including the District of Columbia, (3) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (4) a trust, if it (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

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        If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement, domestic or foreign, treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of ADSs that is a partnership, and partners in such partnership, should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S federal income and estate tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the ADSs.

        In general, a U.S. holder of ADSs should be treated as the owner of our ordinary shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisers concerning the tax consequences of converting ADSs to ordinary shares.

        Each prospective holder of ADSs should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state and local or other tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of the company's ADSs in light of their particular circumstances. U.S. holders should also review the discussion under "—German Taxation of ADSs" for the German tax consequences to a U.S holder of the ownership of the ADSs.

Distributions

        Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the PFIC rules (as discussed below under "—Additional United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—PFIC Rules"), the gross amount of any distribution of cash or property that is actually or constructively received by a U.S. holder with respect to its ADSs will be a dividend includible in gross income of a U.S. holder as ordinary dividend income to the extent the amount of such distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not, however, expect to determine earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend. To the extent the amount of such distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for the taxable year of the distribution, it will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of such U.S. holder's adjusted tax basis in its ADSs, and to the extent the amount of such distribution exceeds such adjusted tax basis, will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the ADSs. If you are a non-corporate U.S. holder, dividends paid to you that constitute qualified dividend income should be taxable to you at a preferential rate (rather than the higher rates of tax generally applicable to items of ordinary income) provided that you hold the ADSs for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements. If we are a PFIC (as discussed below under "—Additional United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—PFIC Rules"), distributions paid by us with respect ADSs will not be eligible for the preferential income tax rate. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the taxation of distributions under these rules.

        You must include the gross amount of any dividend payment with respect to the ADSs without reduction for German taxes withheld from the dividend payment even though you do not in fact receive the amount associated with the withheld German tax. The gross amount of the dividend is taxable to you when you receive the dividend, actually or constructively. We expect that dividends paid on the ADSs will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporate U.S. holders.

        Subject to applicable limitations, some of which vary depending upon a U.S. holder's particular circumstances, German taxes withheld from dividends (net of any potential refunds described under "—German Taxation—Taxation of Non-German Resident U.S. Holders—Withholding Tax Refund for U.S. Treaty Beneficiaries") on the ADSs can be claimed as a credit against the U.S. holder's U.S. federal income tax liability. For purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit rules, dividends with respect to our ADS should constitute income from sources outside of the United States and should generally be passive income. In lieu of claiming a foreign tax credit, U.S. holders may, at their election, deduct foreign taxes, including any German income tax, in computing their taxable income, subject to generally

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applicable limitations under U.S. law. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits applies to all foreign taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of the foreign tax credit provisions for them, in light of their particular situation.

        The gross amount of any dividend paid in foreign currency will be included in the gross income of a U.S. holder in an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend distribution is received by the depositary, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt by the depositary, a U.S. holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend. If the foreign currency received is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. holder will have a basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the foreign currency will be treated as ordinary income or loss, and will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of the property on the date of the distribution, less the sum of any encumbrance assumed by the U.S. holder.

    U.S. Taxation of Sale or Other Disposition

        Subject to the discussion below under "—Additional United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—PFIC Rules," a U.S. holder will generally recognize a gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. holder's tax basis in such ADSs. Such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. holder recognized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs held for more than one year is generally eligible for a reduced rate of taxation. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Consequently, if a German withholding tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of the shares, a U.S. holder that does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources may not be able to derive effective United States foreign tax credit benefits in respect of such German taxes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

        A U.S. holder that receives foreign currency on the sale or other disposition of ADSs will realize an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of sale or other disposition (or, in the case of cash basis and electing accrual basis taxpayers, the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency on the settlement date) provided that the ADSs are treated as being "traded on an established securities market." An accrual basis U.S. holder that does not elect to determine the amount realized using the exchange rate in effect on the settlement date will recognize foreign currency gain or loss equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount received based on the exchange rate in effect on the date of the sale or other disposition and the settlement date. A U.S. holder will have a tax basis in the currency received equal to the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the settlement date. If a U.S. holder receives foreign currency upon a sale or exchange of ADSs, gain or loss, if any, recognized on the settlement date or subsequent sale, conversion or disposition of such foreign currency will be ordinary income or loss, and will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes and will not be eligible for the reduced tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains. However, if such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date received by the U.S. holder, a cash basis or electing accrual U.S. holder should not recognize any gain or loss on such conversion. If an accrual basis U.S. holder

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makes the election described in the first sentence of this paragraph, it must be applied consistently from year to year and cannot be revoked without the consent of the IRS.

    Redemption

        A redemption of ADSs by us will be treated as a sale of the redeemed ADSs by the U.S. holder or as a distribution to the U.S. holder (which is taxable as described above under "—Distributions").

    Additional United States Federal Income Tax Consequences

        PFIC Rules.    Special adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. holders owning shares of stock in a PFIC. In general, if you are a U.S. holder, we will be a PFIC with respect to you if, taking into account our proportionate share of the income and assets of our subsidiaries under applicable "look-through" rules, for any taxable year in which you held the ADSs: (i) at least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value, determined on the basis of a quarterly average, of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. The composition of income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in this offering.

        Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from the disposition of assets that produce passive income. Any cash we hold, including the cash raised in this offering, generally will be treated as held for the production of passive income for the purpose of the PFIC test, and any income generated from cash or other liquid assets generally will be treated as passive income for such purpose. If a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation's income.

        If we were to be treated as a PFIC, except as otherwise provided by election regimes described below, a U.S. holder would be subject to special adverse tax rules with respect to (i) "excess distributions" received on the ADSs and (ii) any gain recognized upon a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ADSs. A U.S. holder would be treated as if it had realized such gain and "excess distributions" ratably over its holding period for the ADSs and would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. Special rules apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to "excess distributions" by a PFIC.

        With certain exceptions, a U.S. holder's ADSs will be treated as stock in a PFIC if we were a PFIC at any time during the U.S. holder's holding period in for its ADSs, even if we are not currently a PFIC.

        Dividends that a U.S. holder receives from us will not be eligible for the special tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income if we are treated as a PFIC, either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.

        In general, if a U.S. holder owns stock in a PFIC that is treated as "marketable stock," the U.S. holder may make a mark-to-market election. Stock will be marketable if they are "regularly traded" on a "qualified exchange" or other market within the meaning of applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, including the New York Stock Exchange. If a U.S. holder makes this election, the U.S. holder will not be subject to all of the PFIC rules described above. Instead, in general, the U.S. holder will include as

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ordinary income the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its ADSs at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. holder's adjusted basis in its ADSs. Similarly, any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the ADSs will be treated as ordinary income, and will not be eligible for the favorable tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income or long-term capital gains. The U.S. holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its ADSs over the fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). A U.S. holder's basis in the ADSs will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts recognized under these rules. Once made, the election cannot be revoked without the consent of the IRS unless the ADSs cease to be marketable.

        A U.S. holder may in certain circumstances also mitigate adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules by filing an election to treat the PFIC as a QEF if the PFIC complies with certain reporting requirements. However, in the event that we are or become a PFIC, we do not intend to comply with such reporting requirements necessary to permit U.S. holders to elect to treat us as a QEF.

        U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to their investment in the ADSs and the elections discussed above.

        Information with Respect to Interests in PFICs.    If we are were to be treated as a PFIC, owners of the ADSs (including, potentially, indirect owners) would be required to file an information report, currently on IRS Form 8621, with respect to such interest on their tax returns, subject to certain exceptions. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to their ownership of the ADSs.

        Information with Respect to Foreign Financial Assets.    Owners of "specified foreign financial assets" with an aggregate value in excess of $50,000 (and in some circumstances, a higher threshold) may be required to file IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) with respect to such assets on their tax returns. "Specified foreign financial assets" may include financial accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions, as well as any of the following, if they are held for investment and not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions: (i) stocks and securities issued by non-U.S. persons, (ii) financial instruments and contracts held for investment that have non-U.S. issuers or counterparties, and (iii) interests in foreign entities. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to their ownership of the ADSs. The understatement of income attributable to "specified foreign financial assets" in excess of U.S. $5,000 extends the statute of limitations with respect to the tax return to six years after the return was filed. U.S. holders who fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties.

        Backup Withholding and Information Reporting.    Backup withholding and information reporting requirements will generally apply to certain payments to U.S. holders of dividends on ADSs and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the ADSs. We, our agent, a broker or any paying agent, may be required to withhold tax from any payment that is subject to backup withholding unless the U.S. holder (1) is an exempt payee, or (2) provides the U.S. holder's correct taxpayer identification number and complies with applicable certification requirements.

        Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from a payment to a U.S. holder of ADSs under the backup withholding rules can be credited against any U.S. federal income tax liability of the U.S. holder, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A U.S. holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed the U.S. holder's income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the IRS. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors as to their qualification and procedure for exemption from backup withholding.

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UNDERWRITING

        Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering and as representatives of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated [    ·    ], each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling shareholder have agreed to sell to that underwriter, the number of ADSs set forth opposite the underwriter's name.

Underwriters
  Number
of ADSs
 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc. 

                  

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

                  

Berenberg Capital Markets LLC

                  

William Blair & Company, LLC. 

                  

Needham & Company, LLC

       

Total

                  

        All the shares that we and the selling shareholder are offering will be represented by ADSs.

        The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the ADSs included in this offering are subject to certain conditions precedent. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all the ADSs (other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below) if they purchase any of the ADSs.

        ADSs sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any ADSs sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount from the initial public offering price not to exceed $            per ADS. If all the ADSs are not sold at the initial offering price, the underwriters may change the offering price and the other selling terms. The representatives have advised us and the selling shareholder that the underwriters do not intend to make sales to discretionary accounts.

        If the underwriters sell more ADSs than the total number set forth in the table above, the selling shareholder has granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to            additional ADSs at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may exercise the option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, in connection with this offering. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter must purchase a number of additional ADSs approximately proportionate to that underwriter's initial purchase commitment. Any ADSs issued or sold under the option will be issued and sold on the same terms and conditions as the other ADSs that are the subject of this offering.

        We, the members of our management board and the members of our supervisory board, our current shareholders and Corning have agreed that, for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus, we will not, without the prior written consent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., dispose of or hedge any of our ordinary shares, ADSs, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our ordinary shares. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. in its sole discretion may release any of the securities subject to these lock-up agreements at any time, which, in the case of officers and directors, shall be with notice.

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs. Consequently, the initial public offering price for the ADSs was determined by negotiations among us, the selling shareholder and the representatives. Among the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were our results of operations, our current financial condition, our future prospects, our markets, the economic conditions in and future prospects for the industry in which we compete, our management, and currently prevailing general conditions in the equity securities markets, including current market

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valuations of publicly traded companies considered comparable to our company. We cannot assure you, however, that the price at which the ADSs will sell in the public market after this offering will not be lower than the initial public offering price or that an active trading market in the ADSs will develop and continue after this offering.

        We have applied to have the ADSs listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VIAO".

        The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions that we and the selling shareholder are to pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

 
  Paid by Via Optronics   Paid by Selling Shareholder  
 
  No Exercise   Full Exercise   No Exercise   Full Exercise  

Per ADS

  $                $                $                $               

Total

  $                $                $                $               

        We will pay a private placement fee to Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated in respect of the concurrent private placement equal to 2% of the aggregate purchase price paid by Corning.

        To meet German law requirements, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. initially subscribed, in its own name but for the account of the underwriters, for all shares underlying the ADSs to be sold by us at an initial subscription price per share equal to the nominal value per share. The subscription price will be credited against the amount due from the underwriters at closing.

        In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell ADSs in the open market. Purchases and sales of ADSs in the open market may include short sales, purchases to cover short positions, which may include purchases pursuant to the over-allotment option, and stabilizing purchases.

    Short sales involve secondary market sales by the underwriters of a greater number of ADSs than they are required to purchase in the offering.

    "Covered" short sales are sales of ADSs in an amount up to the number of ADSs represented by the underwriters' over-allotment option.

    "Naked" short sales are sales of ADSs in an amount in excess of the number of ADSs represented by the underwriters' over-allotment option.

    Covering transactions involve purchases of ADSs either pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotment option or in the open market in order to cover short positions.

    To close a naked short position, the underwriters must purchase ADSs in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the ADSs in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

    To close a covered short position, the underwriters must purchase ADSs in the open market or must exercise the over-allotment option. In determining the source of ADSs to close the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of ADSs available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase ADSs through the over-allotment option.

    Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase ADSs so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

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        Purchases to cover short positions and stabilizing purchases, as well as other purchases by the underwriters for their own accounts, may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the ADSs. They may also cause the price of the ADSs to be higher than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. If the underwriters commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue them at any time.

        The underwriters are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The underwriters and their respective affiliates have from time to time engaged and may in the future, engage in transactions with and perform services for us, and our affiliates, in the ordinary course of their business for which they may receive customary fees and reimbursement of expenses. We are currently a party to an account receivable purchase agreement with Citibank Europe plc, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Pursuant to the agreement, Citibank Europe plc has agreed to purchase and acquire from us certain eligible accounts receivable designated by us. Citibank Europe plc is entitled to a fee equal to a percentage of each eligible account receivable it purchases under the agreement. The calculation of the relevant fee is based on prevailing market interest rates and the number of days outstanding on each relevant receivable. In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (which may include bank loans and/or credit default swaps) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and may at any time hold long and short positions in such securities and instruments. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. In addition, affiliates of some of the underwriters are lenders, and in some cases agents or managers for the lenders, under our credit facility. Certain of the underwriters or their affiliates that have a lending relationship with us routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management policies. A typical such hedging strategy would include these underwriters or their affiliates hedging such exposure by entering into transactions which consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our securities. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

        We and the selling shareholder have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of those liabilities.

Notice to Prospective Investors in the European Economic Area

        In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area an offer of ADSs described in this prospectus may not be made to the public in that relevant member state other than:

    to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation;

    to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Regulation), as permitted under the Prospectus Regulation, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the relevant Dealer or Dealers nominated by us for any such offer; or

    in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation,

provided that no such offer of ADSs shall require us or any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation.

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        For purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer to the public" in any relevant member state means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the ADSs to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the ADSs, and the expression "Prospectus Regulation" means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.

        The sellers of the ADSs have not authorized and do not authorize the making of any offer of ADSs through any financial intermediary on their behalf, other than offers made by the underwriters with a view to the final placement of the ADSs as contemplated in this prospectus. Accordingly, no purchaser of the ADSs, other than the underwriters, is authorized to make any further offer of the ADSs on behalf of the sellers or the underwriters.

        The EEA selling restriction is in addition to any other selling restrictions set out in this document.

Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom

        This prospectus is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (iii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (each such person being referred to as a "relevant person"). The ADSs are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such ADSs will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

Notice to Prospective Investors in France

        Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the ADSs described in this prospectus has been or will be submitted to the clearance procedures of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers or of the competent authority of another member state of the European Economic Area and notified to the Autorité des Marchés Financiers. The ADSs have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France (offre au public de titres financiers) within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129. Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the ADSs has been or will be:

    released, issued, distributed or caused to be released, issued or distributed to the public in France; or

    used in connection with any offer for subscription or sale of the ADSs to the public in France.

        Such offers, sales and distributions will be made in France only:

    to qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) as defined by article 2e of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 and/or to a restricted circle of investors (cercle restreint d'investisseurs), investing for their own account, as defined in, and in accordance with, article L.411-2 of the French Code monétaire et financier.

        The ADSs may be resold directly or indirectly, only in compliance with articles L.411-1 and L.411-2 of the French Code monétaire et financier and applicable regulations thereunder.

Notice to Prospective Investors in Hong Kong

        The ADSs may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong), or (ii) to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a "prospectus" within the

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meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong) and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the ADSs may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to ADSs which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.

Notice to Prospective Investors in Japan

        The ADSs offered in this prospectus have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan. ADSs have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the account of any resident of Japan (including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), except (i) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and (ii) in compliance with any other applicable requirements of Japanese law.

Notice to Prospective Investors in Singapore

        This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the ADSs may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the ADSs be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the "SFA"), (ii) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1), or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to compliance with conditions set forth in the SFA.

        Where the ADSs are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

    a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

    a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

    shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries' rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the ADSs pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

    to an institutional investor (for corporations, under Section 274 of the SFA) or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person pursuant to an offer that is made on terms that such shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or such rights and interest in that trust are acquired at a consideration of not less than S$200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction, whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets, and further for corporations, in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA;

    where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer; or

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    where the transfer is by operation of law.

Notice to Investors in Australia

        No prospectus or other disclosure document (as defined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) of Australia ("Corporations Act")) in relation to the common stock has been or will be lodged with the Australian Securities & Investments Commission ("ASIC"). This document has not been lodged with ASIC and is only directed to certain categories of exempt persons. Accordingly, if you receive this document in Australia:

            (a)   you confirm and warrant that you are either:

              (i)  a "sophisticated investor" under section 708(8)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act;

             (ii)  a "sophisticated investor" under section 708(8)(c) or (d) of the Corporations Act and that you have provided an accountant's certificate to us which complies with the requirements of section 708(8)(c)(i) or (ii) of the Corporations Act and related regulations before the offer has been made;

            (iii)  a person associated with the company under section 708(12) of the Corporations Act; or

            (iv)  a "professional investor" within the meaning of section 708(11)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act, and to the extent that you are unable to confirm or warrant that you are an exempt sophisticated investor, associated person or professional investor under the Corporations Act any offer made to you under this document is void and incapable of acceptance; and

            (b)   you warrant and agree that you will not offer any of the common stock for resale in Australia within 12 months of that common stock being issued unless any such resale offer is exempt from the requirement to issue a disclosure document under section 708 of the Corporations Act.

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EXPENSES RELATED TO THIS OFFERING

        The following table sets forth the main expenses we and the selling shareholder will be required to pay in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions. All amounts are estimated, except the SEC registration fee, the NYSE listing fee and the FINRA filing fee:

Expenses
  Amount  

SEC registration fee

  $   *

FINRA filing fee

      *

NYSE listing fee

      *

Legal fees and expenses

      *

Accounting fees and expenses

      *

Printing fees

      *

Depositary expenses

      *

Other fees and expenses

      *

Total

  $   *

*
To be completed by amendment.


LEGAL MATTERS

        The validity of the shares and the ADSs with respect to German and U.S. federal law and New York state law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Dechert LLP, our German and U.S. counsel. Certain legal matters with respect to German and U.S. federal law and New York state law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, German and U.S. counsel for the underwriters.


EXPERTS

        The consolidated financial statements of our subsidiary VIA optronics GmbH as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, an independent registered public accounting firm with offices at Am Tullnaupark 8, 90402, Nuremberg, Germany, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.


SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

        We are organized as a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft or AG), and our registered offices and most of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, most of the members of our management board, our supervisory board, our senior management and the experts named herein are residents of Germany and jurisdictions other than the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals or upon VIA optronics AG or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws against VIA optronics AG in the United States. Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Germany. In addition, actions brought in a German court against VIA optronics AG or the members of its management board and supervisory board, its senior management and the experts named herein to enforce liabilities based on U.S. federal securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions; in particular, German courts generally do not award punitive damages. Litigation in Germany is also

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subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. With very narrow exceptions, proceedings in Germany would have to be conducted in the German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into German. For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a German court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, the members of our management board, supervisory board and senior management and the experts named in this prospectus. In addition, even if a judgment against our company, the non-U.S. members of our management board, supervisory board, senior management or the experts named in this prospectus based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in U.S. or German courts.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

        We have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form F-1 under the Securities Act, including amendments and relevant exhibits and schedules, covering the underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs to be sold in this offering. We have also filed with the SEC a related Registration Statement on Form F-6 to register the ADSs. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the Registration Statement, summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents included in the Registration Statement. Since this prospectus does not contain all of the information contained in the Registration Statement, you should read the Registration Statement and its exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and the ADSs.

        Immediately upon the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, we will become subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Our annual reports on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for all subsequent years will be due within four months after fiscal year end. We are not required to disclose certain other information that is required from U.S. domestic issuers. Also, as a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing of proxy statements to shareholders and members of our management board and supervisory board and our principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

        You may review and copy the Registration Statement, reports and other information we file at the SEC's public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee by writing to the SEC. For further information on the public reference facility, please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

        As a foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. We are, however, still subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. Since many of the disclosure obligations required of us as a foreign private issuer are different than those required by other U.S. domestic reporting companies, our shareholders, potential shareholders and the investing public in general should not expect to receive information about us in the same amount and at the same time as information is received from, or provided by, other U.S. domestic reporting companies. We are liable for violations of the rules and regulations of the SEC which do apply to us as a foreign private issuer.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
  Page  

Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of VIA optronics GmbH

       

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

   
F-2
 

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

   
F-3
 

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

   
F-4
 

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

   
F-5
 

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

   
F-6
 

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of VIA optronics GmbH:

   
 
 

Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm

   
F-17
 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

   
F-18
 

Consolidated Statement of Income and Other Comprehensive Income

   
F-19
 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

   
F-20
 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

   
F-21
 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

   
F-22
 

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VIA optronics GmbH

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

 
   
  Unaudited
 
EUR
  Note   3/31/2019   12/31/2018  

Assets

                 

Non-current assets

       
29,624,725
   
18,239,927
 

Intangible assets

        5,839,753     6,126,567  

Property and equipment

  5     21,294,459     10,026,881  

Other financial assets

        159,159     148,628  

Deferred tax assets

        2,331,355     1,937,851  

Current assets

       
60,309,893
   
62,331,333
 

Inventories

        19,601,913     20,479,146  

Trade accounts receivables

        28,016,213     28,348,708  

Current tax assets

        33,775     33,775  

Other financial assets

        174,251     98,965  

Other non-financial assets

  6     6,494,263     3,427,555  

Cash and cash equivalents

        5,989,479     9,943,184  

Total assets

        89,934,619     80,571,260  

Equity and liabilities

                 

Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent

       
11,231,183
   
12,428,410
 

Subscribed capital

        73,327     73,327  

Capital reserve

        6,996,516     6,996,516  

Retained earnings

        5,428,182     1,469,048  

Net (loss) / profit

        (1,684,961 )   3,959,134  

Currency translation reserve

        418,118     (69,615 )

Non-controlling interests

       
1,587,505
   
1,794,790
 

Total Equity

        12,818,688     14,223,200  

Non-current liabilities

        14,495,893     5,267,693  

Loans

        2,945,440     3,111,482  

Provisions

        133,989     132,333  

Other financial liabilities

  7     9,914,540      

Deferred tax liabilities

        1,501,925     2,023,878  

Current liabilities

       
62,620,038
   
61,080,367
 

Loans

        29,504,220     27,393,564  

Trade accounts payable

        21,508,035     24,575,369  

Current tax liabilities

        526,339     802,321  

Provisions

        1,895,902     2,164,951  

Other financial liabilities

  7     6,306,482     3,474,752  

Other non-financial liabilities

        2,879,059     2,669,410  

Total equity and liabilities

        89,934,619     80,571,260  

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Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of
Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

 
   
  Unaudited
 
EUR
  Note   Q1/2019   Q1/2018  

Revenue

    8     32,877,843     42,733,390  

Cost of sales

          (30,360,889 )   (37,911,905 )

Gross profit

          2,516,954     4,821,485  

Selling expenses

          (1,054,581 )   (858,926 )

General administrative expenses

          (3,502,569 )   (2,525,533 )

Research and development expenses

          (401,803 )   (196,762 )

Other operating income

    9     1,050,377     3,263,872  

Other operating expenses

          (902,883 )   (672,495 )

Operating (loss)/income

          (2,294,505 )   3,831,641  

Financial result

          (366,749 )   (254,167 )

(Loss)/profit before tax

          (2,661,254 )   3,577,474  

Income tax benefit / (expense)

          727,692     (533,638 )

Net (loss) / profit

          (1,933,562 )   3,043,837  

Attributable to:

                   

Owners of the company

          (1,684,961 )   3,043,837  

Non-controlling interests

          (248,601 )    

          (1,933,562 )   3,043,837  

Other comprehensive income / (loss)

                   

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

          529,050     98,637  

Comprehensive income / (loss)

          (1,404,511 )   3,142,473  

Attributable to:

                   

Owners of the company

          (1,197,226 )   3,142,473  

Non-controlling interests

          (207,285 )    

          (1,404,511 )   3,142,473  

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Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019

 
  Unaudited
 
EUR
  Q1/2019   Q1/2018  

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Net (loss)/profit

    (1,933,562 )   3,043,837  

Adjustments for:

             

—Depreciation and amortization

    1,497,809     219,884  

—Impairment loss on trade accounts receivables

    81,932      

—Financial result

    366,749     254,167  

—Gain from a bargain purchase

        (2,657,032 )

—Income tax (benefit)/expense

    (727,692 )   533,638  

Changes in:

   
 
   
 
 

—Inventories

    877,233     6,203,039  

—Trade accounts receivables

    (2,901,962 )   (5,036,286 )

—Prepayments

    (34,992 )   25  

—Trade accounts payable

    (1,623,859 )   (11,788,010 )

—Provisions

    1,101,656     (511,386 )

—Current and deferred income taxes

    (1,191,440 )   2,664,758  

Foreign currency effect

    596,937     (60,575 )

Cash from operating activities

    (3,891,191 )   (7,133,943 )

Income taxes paid

   
(641,357

)
 
(175,333

)

Net cash used in operating activities

    (4,532,548 )   (7,309,275 )

Cash flow from investing activities

             

Acquisition of a subsidiary, net of cash acquired

        (1,621,984 )

Acquisition of property, equipment and intangible assets

    (613,773 )   (667,208 )

Net cash used in investing activities

    (613,773 )   (2,289,192 )

Cash flow from financing activities

             

Interest paid

    (280,830 )   (154,881 )

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

    12,628,323     18,648,964  

Repayment of loans and borrowings

    (10,698,302 )   (13,169,135 )

Payment of lease liabilities

    (388,689 )    

Net cash provided by financing activities

    1,260,502     5,324,948  

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

    (3,885,819 )   (4,273,519 )

Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January

    9,943,184     6,623,477  

Foreign currency effect

    (67,886 )   (25,021 )

Cash and cash equivalents at March 31

    5,989,479     2,324,937  

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Table of Contents


Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019

 
  Unaudited
Equity attributable to owners of the company
   
   
 
 
  Non
controlling
interests
   
 
 
  Subscribed
capital
  Capital
reserve
  Retained earnings   Currency
translation
reserve
   
   
 
EUR
  Total   Total   Total  

At December 31, 2017

    73,327     6,996,516     1,555,921     (21,395 )   8,604,369         8,604,369  

Effect of adoption of IFRS 9

            (86,873 )       (86,873 )       (86,873 )

At January 1, 2018 (restated)

    73,327     6,996,516     1,469,048     (21,395 )   8,517,496         8,517,496  

Net profit

            3,043,837         3,043,837         3,043,837  

Foreign currency translation effect

                98,637     98,637         98,637  

Non-controlling interests arising on a business combination

                        2,304,085     2,304,085  

Total

            3,043,837     98,637     3,142,473     2,304,085     5,446,559  

At March 31, 2018 (unaudited)

    73,327     6,996,516     4,512,884     77,241     11,659,968     2,304,085     13,964,054  

At December 31, 2018 / January 1, 2019

    73,327     6,996,516     5,428,182     (69,615 )   12,428,410     1,794,790     14,223,200  

Net loss

            (1,684,961 )       (1,684,961 )   (248,601 )   (1,933,562 )

Foreign currency translation effect

                487,734     487,734     41,316     529,050  

Total

            (1,684,961 )   487,734     (1,197,226 )   (207,285 )   (1,404,511 )

At March 31, 2019 (unaudited)

    73,327     6,996,516     3,743,221     418,118     11,231,183     1,587,505     12,818,688  

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2019

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2019

1. Corporate information

        VIA optronics GmbH (the "Company" or "VIA") together with its subsidiaries ("VIA Group") is a leading provider of enhanced display solutions for multiple end markets in which superior functionality or durability is a critical differentiating factor.

        The Company is registered in the commercial register of the local court (Amtsgericht) of Nuremberg under HRB 22650, and has its registered seat in Schwarzenbruck.

        VIA's technology is particularly well-suited for demanding environments that pose technical and optical challenges for displays, such as bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures and condensation. VIA's solutions combine our expertise in integrated display head assembly and proprietary bonding technologies. Their portfolio of offerings enables thin display designs and high optical clarity, which decreases power consumption and increases readability. They provide a broad range of customized display solutions across a broad range of display sizes, including curved display panels and solutions integrating multiple displays under one cover lens. Furthermore, beginning in 2018, VIA engages in the production of metal mesh touch sensor technology and electrode base film.

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1   Basis of preparation

        The interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 "Interim Financial Reporting" as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the Group's consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018.

        The interim condensed consolidated financial statements were authorized by the Managing Directors on June 12, 2019.

        The presentation currency of the group is the euro (EUR).

2.2   Summary of significant accounting policies and accounting estimates

        The accounting policies applied in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those applied in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018, with the exception of IFRS 16 "Leases" ("IFRS 16") and IFRIC 23 "Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments", which were adopted as of January 1, 2019 and are described in Note 2.3.

        For the interim reporting the VIA Group applies judgements in estimating the tax effect in its financial statements. The VIA Group calculates the period income tax expense using the tax rate that

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

would be applicable to the expected total annual earnings. The major components of income tax benefit/expense in the interim condensed consolidated statement of operations are:

in EUR
  Q1/2019   Q1/2018  

Current income tax expense

    (205,800 )   (382,691 )

Deferred income tax (expense) / benefit relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences

    933,492     (150,947 )

Income tax benefit / (expense)

    727,692     (533,638 )

2.3   Initial application of financial reporting standards issued

IFRS 16—Leases

        As of January 1, 2019, VIA Group initially applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, no adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019 was required with no restatement of comparative information respectively.

        The details of the changes in accounting policies are described below.

        Upon transition to IFRS 16, VIA Group elected to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. IFRS 16 has been applied only to contracts that were previously identified as leases according to IAS 17 and IFRIC 4. Therefore, the definition of a lease under IFRS 16 has been applied only to contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019.

VIA Group as a lessee

        VIA Group primarily leases offices, factory facilities and vehicles.

        As a lessee, VIA Group previously classified leases as either operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the lease transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under IFRS 16, VIA Group recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases. However, VIA Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low value assets and short-term leases.

        VIA Group presents right-of-use assets in Property and Equipment, the same line item as it presents underlying assets of the same nature that it owns. The carrying amounts of right-of-use assets are as below.

EUR
  Buildings   Factory,
office and other
equipment
  Total  

Balance at January 1, 2019

    11,725,800     100,010     11,825,810  

Balance at March 31, 2019

    11,445,558     126,481     11,572,039  

        VIA Group classified lease liabilities in Other Financial Liabilities.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

Significant accounting policies

        VIA Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

        The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, VIA Group's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, VIA Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

        The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by the lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension option is reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

        VIA Group has applied judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts in which it is a lessee that include renewal options. The assessment of whether VIA Group is reasonably certain to exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets recognized.

Transition

        Previously, VIA Group classified all of its leases as operating leases under IAS 17. Some leases include an option to renew the lease for an additional time period after the end of the non-cancellable period.

        At transition, for leases classified as operating leases under IAS 17, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at VIA Group's incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. Right-of-use assets are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments.

        The Group used the following practical expedients when applying IFRS 16 to leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17:

    Applied the exemption not to recognise right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with less than 12 months of lease term.

    Excluded initial direct costs from measuring the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application.

    Used hindsight when determining the lease term if the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

Impacts on transition

        On transition to IFRS 16, VIA Group recognized additional lease liabilities and additional right-of-use assets at an amount equal to the lease liability. No differences to be recognized in retained earnings arose on transition. The impact on transition is summarized below.

EUR
  01/01/2019  

Right-of-use assets presented in property and equipment

    11,825,810  

Lease liabilities

    11,825,810  

        When measuring lease liabilities for leases that were classified as operating leases, VIA Group discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. The weighted average rate applied is 2.1%. The lease liabilities as at 1 January 2019 can be reconciled to the operating lease commitments as of 31 December 2018 as follows:

EUR
  01/01/2019  

Operating lease commitment as at December 31, 2018

    6,885,912  

Discounted operating lease commitments using the incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019

    6,527,863  

Less:

       

Commitments relating to short-term leases

    (4,734 )

Commitments relating to leases of low-value assets

    (15,537 )

Add:

       

Payments in optional extension periods not recognised as at December, 2018

    5,318,218  

Lease liabilities recognised as at January 1, 2019

    11,825,810  

Impacts for the period

        As a result of applying IFRS 16, in relation to those leases, VIA Group has recognized depreciation and interest expense, instead of operating lease expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, VIA Group recognized TEUR 458 of depreciation charges and TEUR 60 of interest expense from these leases.

        Impact on the statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is decrease of the cash flows from financing activities of TEUR 389 and an increase of TEUR 389 of the cash flows from operating activities.

IFRIC 23—Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

        This interpretation clarifies how to apply the recognition and measurement requirements in IAS 12 when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. This interpretation does not have a material impact on the consolidated interim financial statements.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

2.4   Standards issued but not yet effective

        The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of VIA Group's interim condensed consolidated financial statements are disclosed below. VIA Group intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.

Standard/Interpretation
  Effective date   Subject of standard/
interpretation or
amendment
  Expected impact on the VIA
Group

IFRS 10 and IAS 28 Amendment—Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate of Joint Venture

  Indefinite*   Clarification of accounting for gains and losses on transactions between an investor and its associate or joint venture   This clarification does not have a material impact on the consolidated interim financial statements.

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts

 

01/01/2021

 

This standard establishes the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts

 

This standard does not have a material impact on the interim consolidated financial statements.


*
The IASB has deferred the effective date of these amendments indefinitely

3. Segments

        Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The CODM is comprised of the CEO and the CFO of VIA. With the acquisition of VTS at March 29, 2018, VIA Group had two operating segments, "Display Solutions" and "Sensor Technologies".

        Segment performance is evaluated based on revenue, gross profit, EBITDA and net profit. VIA Group's financing (including finance costs, finance income and other income) and income taxes are managed on a group basis and are not allocated to operating segments.

        No intra-segment supply of goods occurred during the reporting period. Intra-segment services provided included handling/management fee at arm's length from the segment "Display Solutions" to the segment "Sensor Technologies".

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

3. Segments (Continued)

        VIA Group's key financial metrics by segment are as follows:

Q1/2019
in EUR
  Display
Solutions
  Sensor
Technologies
  Total
segments
  Consolidation
adjustments
  Consolidated
Total
 

External revenues

    25,703,806     7,174,038     32,877,843         32,877,843  

Inter-segment revenues

        249,706     249,706     (249,706 )    

Total revenues

    25,703,806     7,423,744     33,127,549     (249,706 )   32,877,843  

Gross profit

    2,806,301     (289,347 )   2,516,954         2,516,954  

Operating income (loss)

    (1,178,730 )   (1,024,881 )   (2,203,611 )   (90,894 )   (2,294,505 )

Depreciation and amortization

    466,064     1,031,745     1,497,809         1,497,809  

EBITDA

    (712,666 )   6,864     (705,803 )   (90,894 )   (796,697 )

Net profit / (loss)

    (1,132,314 )   (710,288 )   (1,842,602 )   (90,959 )   (1,933,562 )

Segment assets

    68,152,683     27,170,948     95,323,630     (5,389,011 )   89,934,619  

Segment liabilities

    58,492,409     22,635,219     81,127,627     (4,011,696 )   77,115,931  

 

Q1/2018
in EUR
  Display
Solutions
  Sensor
Technologies
  Total
segments
  Consolidation
adjustments
  Consolidated
Total
 

External revenues

    42,733,390         42,733,390         42,733,390  

Inter-segment revenues

                     

Total revenues

    42,733,390         42,733,390         42,733,390  

Gross profit

    4,821,485         4,821,485         4,821,485  

Operating income (loss)

    1,215,212         1,215,212     2,616,429     3,831,641  

Depreciation and amortization

    219,884         219,884         219,884  

EBITDA

    1,435,096         1,435,096     2,616,429     4,051,524  

Net profit / (loss)

    427,408         427,408     2,616,429     3,043,837  

Segment assets*

    61,958,634     23,610,114     85,568,748     (4,997,488 )   80,571,260  

Segment liabilities*

    51,727,139     18,419,347     70,146,485     (3,798,425 )   66,348,060  

*
as on December 31, 2018

4. Changes in Group

        In the three months ended March 31, 2019, VIA optronics GmbH founded a new subsidiary VIA optronics (Taiwan) Ltd with the purpose of conducting the sales activities for the Group. VIA optronics GmbH directly holds all shares at VIA optronics (Taiwan) Ltd. As of March 31, 2019, VIA optronics (Taiwan) Ltd. had an equity amounting to TEUR 131. The net loss in the three months ended March 31, 2019 amounted to TEUR 13.

        No further changes in Group took place as on March 31, 2019.

        As on March 29, 2018, VIA acquired 65% of the shares and voting rights in VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., Higashi Omi, Japan, a developer and manufacturer of metal mesh touch sensor technologies and electrode base film, from Toppan Touch Panels Products Co., Ltd., ("Toppan"). VIA has power

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

4. Changes in Group (Continued)

over VTS because the relevant activities are directed through voting rights and potential voting rights (deadlock call right). VIA's rights are substantive when all available facts and circumstances are considered and they provide VIA with the current ability to direct the relevant activities of VTS. Simultaneous with the acquisition, VTS and Toppan entered into a sale and transfer agreement regarding special technology relevant for the production of touch sensors.

        With the acquisition, VIA significantly advanced its vertical integration as VTS produces significant components for VIA's existing product portfolio in the display technology business. Moreover, VIA could further improve its business relations in the Japanese market and gain additional production know-how.

        At the acquisition date, the Group elected to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at the proportionate share (35%) of the acquiree's identifiable net assets.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed

        The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of VTS as at the date of acquisition were:

 
  Fair value
recognized on
acquisition in EUR
 

Assets

       

Buildings and improvements

    15,304  

Machinery and equipment

    5,866,261  

Other equipment

    60,225  

Customer relationships

    2,111,156  

Technology

    4,304,231  

Other intangible assets

    3,442  

Inventories

    1,096,447  

Other receivables

    151,378  

Liabilities

       

Non-current financial liabilities

    (4,304,231 )

Deferred tax liabilities

    (2,721,112 )

Total identifiable net assets at fair value

    6,583,101  

Non-controlling interest measured at proportionate share in net assets at fair value

    (2,304,085 )

Gain from bargain purchase arising on acquisition

    (2,657,032 )

Purchase consideration transferred

    1,621,984  

        The above gain from bargain purchase arising on acquisition was subsequently adjusted by TEUR 335 as on December 31, 2018 due to the deferred purchase consideration.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

5. Property and equipment

        Based on the initial application of IFRS 16 beginning January 1, 2019, property and equipment significantly increased due to the recognition of right-of-use assets for leases. Property and equipment as of March 31, 2019 includes right-of use assets amounting to TEUR 11,572 (December 31, 2018: TEUR 0). The impact of IFRS 16 is described in Note 2.3 above.

6. Other current non-financial assets

        During the three months ended March 31, 2019, other current non-financial assets increased by TEUR 3,428 to TEUR 6,494. The increase has been primarily caused by additional deferred offering costs (TEUR 2,000) which will be either reclassified as a charge to equity when the equity transaction is recognized or recognized in the statement of income in future periods if the equity transaction is no longer expected to be completed, as well as increased value added tax refund assets (TEUR 596).

7. Other non-current and current financial liabilities

        Lease liabilities were recognized based on the initial application of IFRS 16 beginning January 1, 2019. Lease liabilities included in the non-current and current financial liabilities as of March 31, 2019 amounted to TEUR 11,659 (December 31, 2018: TEUR 0). The impact of IFRS 16 is described in detail in Note 2.3.

8. Revenue

        During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, VIA Group generated revenues as follows:

EUR
  Q1/2019   Q1/2018  

Display solutions

    25,703,806     42,733,390  

Full Service Model

    25,237,988     42,176,480  

Consignment Model

    465,818     556,910  

Sensor Technologies

    7,174,038      

Total

    32,877,843     42,733,390  

9. Other operating income

        Other operating income in the three months ended March 31, 2018 comprised the gain from bargain purchase due to the acquisition of VTS of TEUR 2,657. Besides this non-recurring effect, other operating income as on March 31, 2018 and as on March 31, 2019 consists of exchange gains, damages/insurance proceeds as well as miscellaneous other operating income.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

10. Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities at carrying amount

        The following tables present the carrying amount and the fair values of financial assets and liabilities to the definitions and categories of IFRS 9 as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively:

 
  Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2019  
in EUR
  Category
according
to IFRS 9
  Level   Carrying
Amount
  Fair Value*  

Assets

                       

Other Non-current financial assets

  AC     3     159,159     159,159  

Trade accounts receivables

 
AC
   
3
   
28,016,213
   
28,016,213
 

Other current financial assets

                       

Suppliers' accounts with debit balances

  AC     3     174,251     174,251  

Cash and cash equivalents

  AC     3     5,989,479     5,989,479  

Liabilities

 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

  AC     3     2,945,440     2,918,399  

Liabilities from leases—non current

  AC     3     9,914,540     9,914,540  

Current liabilities

                       

Current interest bearing loans and borrowings

                       

Bank loans

 
AC
   
3
   
29,504,220
   
29,504,220
 

Trade accounts payable

 
AC
   
3
   
21,508,035
   
21,508,035
 

Other current financial liabilities

                       

Liabilities due to personnel

  AC     3     31,721     31,721  

Financial liabilities due to third parties

  AC     3     936,547     936,547  

Interest payable for financial liabilities

  AC     3         0  

Invoices not yet received

  AC     3     3,442,355     3,442,355  

Customers with credit balances

  AC     3     61,187     61,187  

Liabilities from leases—current

  AC     3     1,744,346     1,744,346  

Other

  AC     3     90,327     90,327  

**
Carrying amount approximates fair value except for non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2019

10. Financial Instruments (Continued)

        The term "AC" stands for measurement at Amortized Cost

 
  Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2018  
EUR
  Category
according
to IFRS 9
  Carrying
Amount
  Fair Value*  

Assets

                 

Other Non-current financial assets

  AC     148,628     148,628  

Trade accounts receivables

  AC     28,348,708     28,348,708  

Other current financial assets

                 

Suppliers' accounts with debit balances

  AC     98,965     98,965  

Cash and cash equivalents

  AC     9,943,184     9,943,184  

Liabilities

 
 
   
 
   
 
 

Non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

  AC     3,111,482     3,109,254  

Current liabilities

                 

Current interest bearing loans and borrowings

                 

Bank loans

  AC     27,393,564     27,393,564  

Trade accounts payable

  AC     24,575,369     24,575,369  

Other current financial liabilities

                 

Liabilities due to personnel

  AC          

Financial liabilities due to third parties

  AC     921,954     921,954  

Interest payable for financial liabilities

  AC          

Invoices not yet received

  AC     2,452,395     2,452,395  

Customers with credit balances

  AC     7,050     7,050  

Other

  AC     93,353     93,353  

*
Carrying amount approximates fair value except for non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

11. Related party disclosures

        There were no material transactions with related parties as at March 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019.

F-16


Table of Contents


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Advisory Board of Directors of VIA optronics GmbH

Opinion on the Financial Statements

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of VIA optronics GmbH (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS).

Basis for Opinion

        These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

        Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Oliver Sieger
Oliver Sieger
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor)
  /s/ Klaus Beckers
Klaus Beckers
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor)

Ernst & Young Wirtschaftprüfungsgesellschaft

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.

Nuremberg, Germany
April 24, 2019

F-17


Table of Contents

VIA optronics GmbH
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
December 31, 2018 and 2017

EUR
  Note   12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Assets

                 

Non-current assets

       
18,239,927
   
5,041,858
 

Intangible assets

  6     6,126,567     361,088  

Property and equipment

  7     10,026,881     3,609,911  

Other financial assets

        148,628     139,921  

Deferred tax assets

  20     1,937,851     930,938  

Current assets

       
62,331,333
   
43,671,470
 

Inventories

  8     20,479,146     21,823,476  

Trade accounts receivables

  9     28,348,708     14,046,223  

Current tax assets

  20     33,775     218,887  

Other financial assets

        98,965     42,541  

Other non-financial assets

  10     3,427,555     916,866  

Cash and cash equivalents

        9,943,184     6,623,477  

Total assets

        80,571,260     48,713,328  

Equity and liabilities

                 

Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent

       
12,428,410
   
8,604,369
 

Subscribed capital

        73,327     73,327  

Capital reserve

        6,996,516     6,996,516  

Retained earnings

        1,469,048     (1,797,619 )

Net profit

        3,959,134     3,353,540  

Currency translation reserve

        (69,615 )   (21,395 )

Non-controlling interests

       
1,794,790
   
 

Total Equity

        14,223,200     8,604,369  

Non-current liabilities

        5,267,693     120,512  

Loans

  11     3,111,482     50,850  

Provisions

  12     132,333     26,001  

Other financial liabilities

            43,661  

Deferred tax liabilities

  20     2,023,878      

Current liabilities

       
61,080,367
   
39,988,447
 

Loans

  11     27,393,564     12,563,408  

Trade accounts payable

        24,575,369     20,345,681  

Current tax liabilities

  20     802,321     621,052  

Provisions

  12     2,164,951     1,795,583  

Other financial liabilities

  13     3,474,752     1,938,497  

Other non-financial liabilities

  14     2,669,410     2,724,226  

Total equity and liabilities

        80,571,260     48,713,328  

F-18


Table of Contents


Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income

for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

EUR
  Note   2018   2017  

Revenue

    15     171,678,894     131,031,411  

Cost of sales

    16     (148,651,889 )   (113,231,512 )

Gross profit

          23,027,005     17,799,899  

Selling expenses

    16     (4,295,235 )   (3,734,930 )

General administrative expenses

    16     (14,488,116 )   (7,988,490 )

Research and development expenses

    16     (1,336,840 )   (797,999 )

Other operating income

    18     5,022,477     5,892,131  

Other operating expenses

    18     (3,031,280 )   (5,859,526 )

Operating income

          4,898,011     5,311,085  

Financial result

    19     (1,141,591 )   (696,010 )

Profit before tax

          3,756,420     4,615,075  

Income tax expense

    20     (378,110 )   (1,261,535 )

Net profit

          3,378,310     3,353,540  

Net profit (loss) attributable to:

                   

Owners of the company

          3,959,134     3,353,540  

Non-controlling interests

          (580,824 )    

          3,378,310     3,353,540  

Other comprehensive income / (loss):

                   

Foreign currency effect

          23,309     (165,036 )

Comprehensive income

          3,401,619     3,188,504  

Attributable to:

                   

Owners of the company

          3,910,914     3,188,504  

Non-controlling interests

          (509,295 )    

          3,401,619     3,188,504  

F-19


Table of Contents


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

EUR
  2018   2017  

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Net profit

    3,378,310     3,353,540  

Adjustments for:

             

—Depreciation of property and equipment

    2,116,496     407,170  

—Amortization of intangible assets

    1,095,954     134,897  

—Impairment loss on trade accounts receivable

    169,012     67,808  

—Financial result

    1,141,591     696,010  

—Gain from a bargain purchase

    (2,992,660 )    

—Income tax expense

    378,110     1,261,535  

Changes in:

             

—Inventories

    1,344,330     (15,483,667 )

—Trade accounts receivables

    (15,701,254 )   509,130  

—Prepayments

    (673,275 )   363,652  

—Trade accounts payable

    (633,895 )   6,891,676  

—Provisions

    475,700     1,661,749  

—Current and deferred income taxes

    3,624,634     (239,423 )

Foreign currency effect

    178,003     (502,780 )

Cash used in operating activities

    (6,098,944 )   (878,703 )

Income taxes paid

   
(2,804,510

)
 
(1,162,434

)

Net cash used in operating activities

    (8,903,454 )   (2,041,137 )

Cash flows from investing activities

             

Interest received

        2,576  

Acquisition of a subsidiary, net of cash acquired

    (1,286,356 )    

Acquisition of property and equipment

    (2,374,230 )   (1,055,326 )

Acquisition of intangible assets

    (161,236 )   (113,814 )

Net cash used in investing activities

    (3,821,822 )   (1,166,564 )

Cash flows from financing activities

             

Interest paid

    (697,245 )   (641,712 )

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

    57,975,438     28,048,840  

Repayment of loans and borrowings

    (41,284,325 )   (23,655,058 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

    15,993,868     3,752,070  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

    3,268,592     544,369  

Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

    6,623,477     5,772,012  

Foreign currency effect

    51,115     307,096  

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31

    9,943,184     6,623,477  

F-20


Table of Contents


Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

 
  Equity attributable to owners of the company   Non
controlling
interests
   
 
 
  Subscribed
capital
  Capital
reserve
  Retained
earnings
  Currency
translation
reserve
   
   
 
EUR
  Total   Total   Total  

At January 1, 2017

    73,327     6,996,516     (1,797,619 )   143,641     5,415,865         5,415,865  

Net profit

            3,353,540         3,353,540         3,353,540  

Foreign currency effect

                (165,036 )   (165,036 )       (165,036 )

Total

            3,353,540     (165,036 )   3,188,504         3,188,504  

At December 31, 2017

    73,327     6,996,516     1,555,921     (21,395 )   8,604,369         8,604,369  

Effect of adoption of IFRS 9

            (86,873 )       (86,873 )       (86,873 )

At January 1, 2018

    73,327     6,996,516     1,469,048     (21,395 )   8,517,496         8,517,496  

Net profit

            3,959,134         3,959,134     (580,824 )   3,378,310  

Foreign currency effect

                (48,220 )   (48,220 )   71,529     23,309  

Non-controlling interests arising on a business combination

                        2,304,085     2,304,085  

Total

            3,959,134     (48,220 )   3,910,914     1,794,790     5,705,704  

At December 31, 2018

    73,327     6,996,516     5,428,182     (69,615 )   12,428,410     1,794,790     14,223,200  

F-21


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018 and 2017

Contents

 


1.



Corporate information




F-24


2.



Significant accounting policies




F-24




2.1



Basis of preparation




F-24




2.2



Basis of consolidation




F-25




2.3



Business Combination and Goodwill




F-25




2.4



Summary of significant accounting policies




F-26




 


2.4.1



Fair value measurement




F-26




 


2.4.2



Revenue from contracts with customers




F-26




 


2.4.3



Taxes




F-28




 


2.4.4



Foreign currencies




F-28




 


2.4.5



Property and equipment




F-29




 


2.4.6



Leases




F-30




 


2.4.7



Intangible Assets




F-30




 


2.4.8



Financial Instruments




F-31




 


2.4.9



Inventories




F-32




 


2.4.10



Impairment of non-financial assets




F-32




 


2.4.11



Impairment of financial assets




F-33




 


2.4.12



Cash and cash equivalents




F-33




 


2.4.13



Provisions




F-34




 


2.4.14



Pensions and other post-employment benefits




F-34




 


2.4.15



Segments




F-34




 


2.4.16



Related parties




F-36


3.



Accounting Standards




F-36




3.1



Initial application of financial reporting standards issued by the IASB




F-36




3.2



Standards issued but not yet effective




F-40


4.



Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions




F-41




4.1



Revenue from contracts with customers




F-41




4.2



Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables and contract assets




F-42




4.3



Provisions




F-42

F-22


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

4.4

Contingent liabilities

F-42




4.5



Income taxes




F-43




4.6



Purchase price allocation




F-43


5.



List of subsidiaries and business combinations




F-44


6.



Intangible assets




F-46


7.



Property and equipment




F-47


8.



Inventories




F-47


9.



Trade accounts receivable




F-48


10.



Other current non-financial assets




F-49


11.



Loans




F-50


12.



Provisions




F-52


13.



Other current financial liabilities




F-53


14.



Other current non-financial liabilities




F-53


15.



Revenue




F-53


16.



Expenses by nature




F-54


17.



Commitments and contingencies




F-55




17.1



Operating leases




F-55




17.2



Contingent liabilities




F-55


18.



Other income and other expenses




F-55




18.1



Other operating income




F-55




18.2



Other operating expenses




F-56


19.



Financial result




F-56


20.



Taxes on income




F-56




20.1



Income tax expense




F-56




20.2



Income tax expense




F-57




20.3



Deferred Taxes




F-58


21.



Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments




F-59


22.



Related party disclosures




F-63


23.



Other Information




F-64




23.1



Employees




F-64


24.



Events after the reporting period




F-64

F-23


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

1. Corporate information

        VIA optronics GmbH (the "Company" or "VIA") is a leading provider of enhanced display solutions for multiple end markets in which superior functionality or durability is a critical differentiating factor. The Company's technology is particularly well-suited for demanding environments that pose technical and optical challenges for displays, such as bright ambient light, vibration and shock, extreme temperatures and condensation. VIA's solutions combine VIA's expertise in integrated display head assembly and proprietary bonding technologies. VIA's portfolio of offerings enables thin display designs and high optical clarity, which decreases power consumption and increases readability. They provide a broad range of customized display solutions across a broad range of display sizes, including curved display panels and solutions integrating multiple displays under one cover lens. Furthermore, beginning in 2018, VIA engages in the production of metal mesh touch sensor technology and electrode base film.

        VIA was established on May 12, 2006 with an initial share capital of €25,000. The Company is registered in the commercial register of the local court (Amtsgericht) of Nuremberg under HRB 22650, and has its registered seat in Schwarzenbruck. VIA maintains production facilities in Germany, China and Japan, through their subsidiaries, operate sales offices in Taiwan and the United States. As of December 31, 2018, subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

    VIA optronics GmbH, Schwarzenbruck, Germany

    VIA optronics LLC, Orlando, Florida, USA (hereafter referred to as "VIA LLC")

    VIA optronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China (hereafter referred to as "VIA Suzhou")

    VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., Higashi Omi, Japan (hereafter referred to as "VTS") (see note 2.3, Business Combination)

        The financial year of all Group entities corresponds to the calendar year.

        VIA is a subsidiary of Integrated Micro-Electronics, Inc, ("IMI") a Philippines-based Company. IMI is a subsidiary of Ayala Corporation which is a publicly listed entity in the Philippines. The ultimate parent company is Mermac Inc., a Philippines-based Company. VIA is owned 76% by IMI and 24% by Jürgen Eichner (CEO and founder). The consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 comprise the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the "Group" and individually as "Group entities").

2. Significant accounting policies

2.1   Basis of preparation

        The consolidated financial statements of the VIA Group have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

        All amounts in the consolidated financial statements are reported in Euro ("EUR"), except where otherwise stated.

        The Group presents assets and liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position based on current or non-current classification. An asset is current when it is: expected to be realized within

F-24


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

twelve months after the reporting period; or cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period. The Group classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

        The consolidated statement of income has been prepared using the cost of sales method under IFRS. The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

        The financial statements were authorized for these consolidated issue by the Managing Directors on April 26, 2019.

2.2   Basis of consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements incorporate the assets and liabilities and the results of operations of the Group. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the Company, using consistent accounting policies. Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated.

2.3   Business Combination and Goodwill

        The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Group. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, which is measured at acquisition date fair value, and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses.

        When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the identifiable financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date.

        Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interests and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the bargain purchase gain is recognized in profit or loss.

        After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group's cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the

F-25


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

2.4   Summary of significant accounting policies

        The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below.

2.4.1  Fair value measurement

        Fair value is a market-based measurement. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information is available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might not be available. When a price for an identical asset or liability is not observable, another valuation technique is used. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements there are three levels of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 contains the use of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable. Within this hierarchy level estimated values were made, based on reasonable assumptions including other fair value methods by management.

2.4.2  Revenue from contracts with customers

        The Group generates revenue from the production and sale of enhanced display solutions using optical bonding technology and of metal mesh touch sensors. VIA provides optical bonding on either a consignment basis (meaning their customer directly sources all of the necessary product components and the Group applies their patented MaxVU bonding process to assemble such components) or a full service basis (meaning the Group will source the necessary product components and perform the related optical bonding). In the sensor technologies segment, the Group focuses on the development, production and sale of metal mesh touch sensors and the development of other sensor components and technologies that can be incorporated into the Group's integrated display solutions. A small portion of the Group's revenues is derived from licenses for its MaxVU optical bonding processes and sales of related bonding equipment to select customers; together these comprised less than 1.5% of the Group's revenues for both 2018 and 2017.

        Although there are several components which are used in the bonding process, these components are highly integrated in a way that the customer cannot benefit from either the bonding service or the components used in the bonding process independent from each other. As a result, the fully bonded display is a separate performance obligation both under the consignment model as well as the full service model.

        The Group considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated (e.g., warranty). Based on a detailed evaluation (e.g. whether warranties provided are service-type warranties) the Group evaluated that these promises are not separate performance obligations. Therefore, no portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated to those promises.

F-26


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

        Under certain contracts performed on a full service basis, Group entities source components such as displays from either the customer or suppliers of the customer. The Group evaluated whether payments for such components are considered payables to customers and concluded that those payments are in exchange for a distinct good. Therefore, such payments are classified as cost of goods sold in the Statement of Income.

        Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Group has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

        For optical bonding services performed under the consignment model, revenue is recognized at a point in time based on the fact that the assets created have alternative use to the Group entities. This is when the enhancement process is finalized, the customer removes the enhanced products from the consignment stock and is invoiced, according to contract.

        For the sale of products under the full service model, revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the products are transferred to the customers, generally on delivery of the products.

Contract balances

Contract assets

        A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Group performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognized for the earned consideration that is conditional.

        Due to the business model the Group has no contract assets.

Trade accounts receivable

        A receivable represents the Group's right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due). See note 2.4.8 for accounting policies of financial assets.

Contract liabilities

        A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognized when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the Group performs under the contract. See note 3.1.

F-27


Table of Contents


VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

2.4.3  Taxes

        Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax and is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it arises from a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

        Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted in the countries in which the Group operates at the reporting date. Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.

        Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on business plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

        Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that they are recoverable.

        The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities and applying the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

2.4.4  Foreign currencies

Functional and presentation currency

        The Group's consolidated financial statements are presented in Euros, which is also the parent company's functional currency. The Group determines the functional currency for each entity and the respective financial statements are measured using that functional currency.

Transactions and balances

        Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group companies using the exchange rates at the dates the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

        Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Foreign currency translation

        On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into Euros at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and the statements of income are translated at the average rates. The exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation are recognized in OCI. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of OCI relating to that particular foreign operation is reclassified to the statement of income.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

        A summary of exchange rates to the Euro for currencies in which the Group operates is as follows:

 
  Average rates
for the
year ending
  Spot rates at
Dec. 31
 
(€1 equals)
  2018   2018  

USD

    1.1816     1.1450  

CNY

    7.8074     7.8751  

JPY

    130.4618     125.8500  

 

 
  Average rates
for the
year ending
  Spot rates at
Dec. 31
 
(€1 equals)
  2017   2017  

USD

    1.1297     1.1993  

CNY

    7.6290     7.8044  

2.4.5  Property and equipment

        Property and equipment is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Evaluation of impairment of non-financial assets is described in note 2.4.10.

        Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset or self-constructed assets in addition to any costs incurred in order to bring the assets into operating condition. The cost of an item of property and equipment includes the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located to the extent there is an obligation to do so. An asset retirement obligation for such costs is recorded upon acquisition. The costs for dismantling and removing are recognized and measured in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

        The Group has recognized asset retirement obligations to return certain of the Group's premises to their original condition.

        Property and equipment is depreciated to their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The depreciation is recognized in the statement of income.

        Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Estimated useful lives of property and equipment

 
  Years  

Technical equipment and machinery

    3 - 13  

Factory, office and other equipment

    3 - 13  

        Gains or losses on disposal of property and equipment are recognized in the statement of income.

        Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

        Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.

2.4.6  Leases

        At the inception of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease. The classification of leases is based on the extent to which risks and rewards incidental to ownership of a leased asset lie with the lessor or the lessee.

        A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership and otherwise is an operating lease.

        The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of the fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset or depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.

        Minimum lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance expense and the reduction of the outstanding liability and are allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of liability.

        Payments made under operating leases are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognized as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease.

2.4.7  Intangible Assets

        Intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.

        Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.

        Intangible assets are amortized to their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is recognized in profit or loss.

        The Group had no development expenditures that met the requirements for capitalization.

        Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Estimated useful lives of intangible assets

 
  Years  

Customer relationships

    5  

Software

    5  

        Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted, if appropriate.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

2.4.8  Financial Instruments

        A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

        Until December 31, 2017, financial instruments were accounted under the standard of IAS 39. Beginning with January 1, 2018, the standard of IFRS 9 (Financial instruments) is applied.

        For the change in accounting for the financial assets and liabilities based on the adoption of IFRS 9 please refer to Note 3.1.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

        Under IFRS 9 financial assets are classified, at initial recognition at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), or fair value through profit or loss. All of the Group's financial assets are measured at amortized cost as the business model of the Group is to collect contractual cash flows. Generally, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

        For subsequent measurement, financial assets are measured at amortized cost and measured using the effective interest method, and they are subject to impairment. The Group's financial assets at amortized cost includes trade accounts receivable and other financial assets (current and non-current), as well as cash and cash equivalents. Gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income when the asset is derecognized, modified or impaired.

Derecognition

        A financial asset is derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.

Financial liabilities

        The Group's financial liabilities include trade and other payables as well as loans and borrowings, including bank overdrafts.

Initial recognition and measurement

        The Group has financial liabilities which are classified, at initial recognition, as loans and borrowings as well as payables. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

        After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income when the liabilities are

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

derecognized as well as through the amortization process. Payables are recognized at the amount expected to settle or discharge the liability.

        The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired.

Derecognition

        A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

2.4.9  Inventories

        Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out principle, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of manufactured inventories and work in progress, cost includes an appropriate share of production overhead based on normal operating capacity.

        Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.

2.4.10  Impairment of non-financial assets

        At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets (property and equipment, inventories and deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.

        For impairment testing, assets within the scope of IAS 36 are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs ("cash-generating units").

        The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.

        An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount.

        Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of income. They are allocated to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.

        An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

2.4.11  Impairment of financial assets

Until December 31, 2017, the standard of IAS 39 was applied (see section 2.4.8), using the following accounting methods for the impairment of financial assets.

        A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. Objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred that had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.

        Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired can include default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, and indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy.

        An entity first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, and individually or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the entity determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment.

Beginning from January 1, 2018, the following accounting treatment was applied in accordance with IFRS 9 (Financial instruments—see section 2.4.8).

        The Group recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses (ECLs) for financial assets measured at amortized cost under the general approach of IFRS 9. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

        For trade receivables (and contract assets) the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.

        For bank deposits and other financial receivables not classified as fair value through profit or loss the general approach of IFRS 9 is used.

        The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

2.4.12  Cash and cash equivalents

        Cash and cash equivalents represent cash at banks, cash on hand and short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition.

        Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

2.4.13  Provisions

        A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

        A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products or services are sold, based on historical warranty experience and a weighting of possible outcomes against their associated probabilities.

        For several leased buildings, the Group has installed leasehold improvements primarily related to cleanrooms and a provision related to the asset retirement obligation has been recognized (see note 2.4.5).

2.4.14  Pensions and other post-employment benefits

        Pensions and similar obligations relate to the Group's statutory pension obligations for defined contribution plans. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an expense in the statement of income. The Group has no defined benefit plans.

2.4.15  Segments

        Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The CODM is comprised of the CEO and the CFO of VIA. With the acquisition of VTS in 2018, the Group had two operating segments, "Display Solutions" and "Sensor Technologies". No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments. Prior to the financial year 2018, the Group only had one operating segment, "Display Solutions".

        Although Display Solutions includes a number of different applications for optical bonding services, the process, customers and economic characteristics are similar. The Display Solutions facilities have the capability of serving both the consignment and full service models.

        The acquisition of VTS (see note 5) provided a horizontal extension of the value chain, but its operations are not significantly interrelated to other group entities. Therefore, the Group has a new operating segment which is separately reviewed by the CODM. The segment Sensor Technologies engages in the production of metal mesh touch sensor technology and electrode base film.

        The CODM monitors the operating results of its segments separately for the purpose of making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on revenue, gross profit, EBITDA and net profit. The Group's financing (including finance costs, finance income and other income) and income taxes are managed on a Group basis and are not allocated to operating segments.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

        No intra-segment supply of goods occurred during the reporting period. Intra-segment services provided included handling/management fee at arm's length from the segment "Display Solutions" to the segment "Sensor Technologies".

        The Group's key financial metrics by segment is as follows:

12/31/2018
in EUR
  Display
Solutions
  Sensor
Technologies
  Total
segments
  Consolidation
adjustments
  Consolidated
Total
 

External revenues

    150,315,353     21,363,541     171,678,894         171,678,894  

Inter-segment revenues

    277,536         277,536     (277,536 )    

Total revenues

    150,592,889     21,363,541     171,956,430     (277,536 )   171,678,894  

Gross profit

    20,457,591     2,344,955     22,802,546     224,459     23,027,005  

Operating income (loss)

    4,230,694     (2,413,161 )   1,817,533     3,080,478     4,898,011  

Depreciation and amortization

    757,394     2,455,056     3,212,450         3,212,450  

EBITDA

    4,988,088     41,895     5,029,983     3,080,478     8,110,461  

Net profit (loss)

    1,957,857     (1,659,499 )   298,358     3,079,952     3,378,310  

Segment assets

    61,958,634     23,610,114     85,568,748     (4,997,488 )   80,571,260  

Capital expenditure

    1,580,313     793,917     2,374,230         2,374,230  

Segment liabilities

    51,727,139     18,419,346     70,146,485     (3,798,425 )   66,348,060  

        In 2017 the Group had only one operating segment, Display Solutions, as follows:

12/31/2017
in EUR
  Display Solutions  

External revenues

    131,031,411  

Total revenues

    131,031,411  

Gross profit

    17,799,899  

Operating income

    5,311,085  

Depreciation and amortization

    542,068  

EBITDA

    5,853,153  

Net profit

    3,353,540  

Segment assets

    48,713,328  

Capital expenditures

    1,055,326  

Segment liabilities

    40,108,959  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (Continued)

Geographic information

        The Group's geographical distribution of revenues and property and equipment is within the three regions Asia, Europe as well as North America. The distribution of revenue (based on the Group location which bills the customer) and property and equipment is as follows:

Revenue by Region
  12/31/2018
in EUR
  12/31/2017
in EUR
 

Asia

    109,026,165     67,668,217  

thereof China

    87,662,624     67,668,217  

thereof Japan

    21,363,541      

Europe (Germany)

    54,852,549     59,786,720  

North America (United States)

    7,800,180     3,576,474  

Total revenues

    171,678,894     131,031,411  

 

Property and equipment by Region
  12/31/2018
in EUR
  12/31/2017
in EUR
 

Asia

    8,709,829     3,011,492  

thereof China

    3,244,684     3,011,492  

thereof Japan

    5,465,145      

Europe (Germany)

    1,304,095     581,913  

North America (United States)

    12,957     16,506  

Total property and equipment

    10,026,881     3,609,911  

        In the year ended December 31, 2018, the Display Solutions segment had three customers who each individually comprised 29%, 21% and 13% of the Group's revenues (2017: two customers comprised 41% and 35%), and the Sensor Technologies segment had one customer in 2018 which comprised 12% of the Group's revenues.

2.4.16  Related parties

        Related parties are members of the Group's advisory board, executive officers, key management personnel or holders of more than 20% of its shares. The key management personnel according to IAS 24 are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, directly or indirectly, including director of the Group. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the shareholders are IMI and Jürgen Eichner who own 76% and 24% of VIA, respectively. The ultimate parent company is Mermac Inc., a Philippines-based Company.

3. Accounting Standards

3.1   Initial application of financial reporting standards issued by the IASB

        The Group adopted IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 as of January 1, 2018. The nature and effect of the changes as a result of adoption of these new accounting standards are described below.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Accounting Standards (Continued)

        Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2018, but do not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. The Group has not early adopted any standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued, but are not yet effective.

IFRS 9—Financial Instruments

        IFRS 9 Financial Instruments replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, bringing together all three aspects of the accounting for financial instruments: classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting.

        The Group applied IFRS 9 prospectively, with an initial application date of January 1, 2018. The Group has not restated the comparative information for 2017, which continues to be reported under IAS 39. Differences arising from the adoption of IFRS 9 have been recognized directly in retained earnings as at January 1, 2018.

in EUR
  1/1/2018  

Assets

       

Decrease in trade accounts receivable

    (118,455 )

Total assets

    (118,455 )

Liabilities

       

Decrease in deferred tax liabilities

    31,581  

Total liabilities

    31,581  

Total adjustments to equity:

    86,873  

Decrease in retained earnings

    86,873  

        The nature of the adjustment for trade accounts receivable is as follows:

Classification and measurement

        Under IFRS 9, debt instruments are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss, amortized cost, or fair value through OCI. The classification is based on two criteria: the Group's business model for managing the assets; and whether the instruments' contractual cash flows represent 'solely payments of principal and interest' on the principal amount outstanding.

        The assessment of the Group's business model was made as of the date of initial application, January 1, 2018. The assessment of whether contractual cash flows on debt instruments are solely comprised of principal and interest was made based on the facts and circumstances as at the initial recognition of the assets.

        The classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9 did not have a significant impact to the Group.

        The following are the changes in the classification of the Group's financial assets:

        Trade accounts receivable are classified as Loans and receivables under IFRS 9 as at December 31, 2017 are held to collect contractual cash flows and give rise to cash flows representing solely payments

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Accounting Standards (Continued)

of principal and interest. These are classified and measured as Debt instruments at amortized cost under IFRS 9 beginning January 1, 2018 as follows:

in EUR
   
  Amortized
cost
 

IAS 39 Measurement categories

             

Loans and receivables

   
 
   
 
 

Trade accounts receivable*

    14,046,223     13,927,778  

          13,927,778  

*
The change in carrying amount is a result of additional ECL (expected credit loss) impairment allowance. See the discussion on impairment below.

        The Group has not designated any financial liabilities as at fair value through profit or loss. There are no changes in classification and measurement for the Group's financial liabilities.

Impairment

        The adoption of IFRS 9 has fundamentally changed the Group's accounting for impairment losses for financial assets by replacing IAS 39's incurred loss approach with a forward-looking expected credit loss (ECL) approach. IFRS 9 requires the Group to recognize an allowance for ECLs for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss.

        Upon adoption of IFRS 9 the Group recognized additional impairment on the Group's trade accounts receivable of EUR 118,455, which resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of EUR 118,455 as at January 1, 2018.

        The reconciliation of the impairment allowances in accordance with IAS 39 as of December 31, 2017 to the opening loss allowances determined in accordance with IFRS 9 as of December 31, 2018 was as follows:

in EUR
  Allowance for
impairment
under IAS 39 as
at December 31,
2017
  Remeasurement
through
retained earnings
  ECL under IFRS 9
as at January 1, 2018
 

Loans and receivables under IAS 39 / IFRS 9

    67,808     118,455     186,263  

    67,808     118,455     186,263  

        IAS 1.82(ba) requires that the statement of income and other comprehensive income includes line items that present the impairment losses (including reversals of impairment losses or impairment gains) determined in accordance with IFRS 9. The Group did not present its impairment losses determined in accordance with IFRS 9 separately in the statement of profit or loss as the amounts are not considered material. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Group classified the impairment of trade receivables in other expenses.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Accounting Standards (Continued)

Other adjustments

        In addition to the adjustments described above, related deferred taxes were adjusted to retained earnings upon adoption of IFRS 9 as at January 1, 2018.

IFRS 15—Revenue from contracts with customers

        IFRS 15 supersedes IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IAS 18 Revenue and related Interpretations and it applies, with limited exceptions, to all revenue arising from contracts with its customers. IFRS 15 establishes a five-step model that will apply to revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15 revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The principles in IFRS 15 provide a more structured approach to measuring and recognizing revenue.

        The Group exercises judgement, taking into consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances when applying each step of the model to contracts with their customers. The new standard also specifies the accounting for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract and the costs directly related to fulfilling a contract. In addition, the standard requires additional disclosures.

        The Group adopted IFRS 15 using the modified retrospective method as of January 1, 2018. The Group elected to apply the standard to all contracts as at January 1, 2018.

        The adoption of IFRS 15 did not result in a material impact on statement of the Group's consolidated financial statements. Therefore, no adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 was required.

Advances received from customers

        Before the adoption of IFRS 15, the Group presented advances received from customers as deferred revenue in the statement of financial position in Other current financial liabilities. Under IFRS 15, the Group reclassified TEUR 711 from deferred revenue (current) to contract liabilities (current) as at January 1, 2018. As at December 31, 2018, IFRS 15 contract liabilities decreased to TEUR 38 (see note 14).

        The impact of adopting IFRS 15 on the Group's statement of financial position as at January 1, 2018 was as follows:

 
  Amounts prepared under  
in EUR
  IFRS 15
January 1,
2018
  Previous
IFRS
December 31,
2017
  Increase/
(decrease)
 

Other non-financial liabilities (current)

                   

Contract liabilities

    711,702         711,702  

Deferred revenue

        711,702     (711,702 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Accounting Standards (Continued)

3.2   Standards issued but not yet effective

        The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Group's financial statements are disclosed below. The Group intends to adopt these standards, if applicable, when they become effective.

IFRS 16—Leases

        IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and it replaces the existing guidelines on leases, including IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 determining whether an arrangement contains a lease, SIC-15 Operating leases—Incentives, and SIC-27 Evaluating the substance of transactions involving the legal form of a lease.

        IFRS 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under IAS 17.

        At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee recognizes a right-of-use asset, which reflects the right to use the underlying asset, as well as a debt from the lease, which reflects the obligation to make lease payments. Exceptions exist for short-term leases and leases for low-value assets. Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset. Lessees will be also required to re-measure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the re-measurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

Transition to IFRS 16

        The Group will apply IFRS 16 initially on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, the cumulative effect of adopting IFRS 16 will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019, with no restatement of comparative information.

        The Group plans to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. This means that it will apply IFRS 16 to all contracts entered into before January 1, 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.

        The Group will recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for its leases of office and factory facilities and vehicles which will result in the Group will recognising depreciation charges for right-of-use assets and interest expense on lease liabilities.

        The Group tentatively estimates that it will recognize right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities of EUR 12 million as at January 1, 2019.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

3. Accounting Standards (Continued)

Other

Standard/Interpretation
  Effective date   Subject of Standard/ Interpretation or amendment   Expected impact on the Via optronics Group

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

  01/01/2019   This interpretation clarifies how to apply the recognition and measurement requirements in IAS 12 when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments.   This interpretation is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 10 and IAS 28 Amendment—Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate of Joint Venture

 

Indefinite*

 

Clarification of accounting for gains and losses on transactions between an investor and its associate or joint venture

 

This clarification is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.


*
The IASB has deferred the effective date of these amendments indefinitely

4. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

        In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group's accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

        Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively.

        Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements as well as the key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are outlined as follows.

4.1   Revenue from contracts with customers

        Principal versus agent considerations

        The Group enters into contracts with certain of its customers to acquire, on their behalf, displays produced by third-party suppliers. Under these contracts, the Group provides procurement services. The Group determined that it does control the goods before they are transferred to customers, and it does have the ability to direct the use of the displays or obtain benefits from the displays. The following factors indicate that the Group does control the goods before they are being transferred to customers.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

4. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (Continued)

    The Group is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified displays

    The Group assumes inventory risk before the specified displays have been transferred to the customer as it purchases the specified displays and takes them into inventory before the displays are bonded and shipped to the customers

    The Group has discretion in establishing the price for the specified displays

        Therefore, the Group determined that it is principal in these contracts.

4.2   Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables and contract assets

        The Group uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables. The provision rates are based on days past due for customers that have similar loss patterns.

        The provision matrix is initially based on the Group's historical observed default rates. The Group then calibrates the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. For instance, if forecast economic conditions are expected to deteriorate over the next year, which can lead to an increased number of defaults in the manufacturing sector, the historical default rates are adjusted upward. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analyzed.

        The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and ECLs is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic conditions. The Group's historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of customer's actual default in the future.

4.3   Provisions

        A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products or services are sold, based on historical warranty experience and a weighting of possible outcomes against their associated probabilities.

        Management's estimations are based on the best information available related to historical experience and expected future costs and are subject to change over time.

4.4   Contingent liabilities

        From time to time, the Group may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of its operations, as discussed further in Note 17.2—Commitments and contingencies. Periodically, and at year end, the Group reviews the status of all significant outstanding matters to assess the potential financial exposure.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

4. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (Continued)

        When (i) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Group records the estimated loss in its consolidated statements of operations. The Group provides disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for loss contingencies that do not meet both of these conditions if there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred that would be material to the financial statements. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred and whether such liability is reasonably estimable. The Group bases accruals made on the best information available at the time, which can be highly subjective. The final outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

4.5   Income taxes

        The Group records income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the Group's estimation of the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. The Group determines deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and income tax reporting. Accordingly, the Group determines the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the Group realizes the underlying items of income and expense. The Group considers many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of its deferred tax assets, including its recent earnings experience by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the carryforward periods available to the Group for tax reporting purposes, as well as other relevant factors. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.

4.6   Purchase price allocation

        The Group assigns the value of the consideration transferred to acquire a business to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition.

        When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Group makes significant estimates and assumptions. The Group generally bases the measurement of fair value on the present value of future discounted cash flows. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting unit based on the present value of the cash flows that the Group expects the reporting unit to generate in the future. The Group's significant estimates in the discounted cash flows model includes forecasted revenues, weighted average costs of capital as well as the term of use of the tangible assets.

        The Group's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

5. List of subsidiaries and business combinations

        The following are the consolidated subsidiaries of VIA optronics GmbH:

 
   
  Ownership interest %   Net profit (loss)
in EUR
  Equity in EUR  
Name
  Place of business   12/31/2018   12/31/2017   2018   2017   12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

VIA optronics LLC

  Orlando, Florida, USA     100     100     326,012     (505,593 )   (1,355,978 )   (1,568,693 )

VIA optronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. 

  Suzhou, China     100     100     5,309,218     3,259,904     14,688,455     7,872,077  

VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd

  Higashi Omi, Japan     65         (1,659,499 )       5,190,768      

Acquisition of VTS

        On March 29, 2018, VIA acquired 65% of the shares and voting rights in VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., Higashi Omi, Japan, a developer and manufacturer of metal mesh touch sensor technologies and electrode base film, from Toppan Touch Panels Products Co., Ltd., ("Toppan"). VIA has power over VTS because the relevant activities are directed through voting rights and potential voting rights (deadlock call right). VIA's rights are substantive when all available facts and circumstances are considered and they provide VIA with the current ability to direct the relevant activities of VTS. Simultaneous with the acquisition, VTS and Toppan entered into a sale and transfer agreement regarding special technology relevant for the production of touch sensors.

        With the acquisition, VIA significantly advanced its vertical integration as VTS produces significant components for VIA's existing product portfolio in the display technology business. Moreover, VIA could further improve its business relations in the Japanese market and gain additional production know-how.

        At the acquisition date, the Group elected to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at the proportionate share (35%) of the acquiree's identifiable net assets.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

5. List of subsidiaries and business combinations (Continued)

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed

        The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of VTS as at the date of acquisition were:

 
  Fair value recognized on
acquisition in EUR
 

Assets

       

Buildings and improvements

    15,304  

Machinery and equipment

    5,866,261  

Other equipment

    60,225  

Customer relationships

    2,111,156  

Technology

    4,304,231  

Other intangible assets

    3,442  

Inventories

    1,096,447  

Other receivables

    151,378  

Liabilities

       

Non-current financial liabilities

    (4,304,231 )

Deferred tax liabilities

    (2,721,112 )

Total identifiable net assets at fair value

    6,583,101  

Non-controlling interest measured at proportionate share in net assets at fair value

    (2,304,085 )

Gain from bargain purchase arising on acquisition

    (2,992,660 )

Purchase consideration transferred

    1,286,356  

        The fair value of the other receivables amounts to TEUR 151. Due to the short-term maturity of these receivables the management assessed that the carrying amount approximately represents their fair value. Furthermore, it is expected that the full contractual amounts can be collected.

        As of December 31, 2018, the Group reassessed whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviewed the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition date. This reassessment confirmed the fair value of the net assets acquired. As Toppan had not operated VTS as a separate entity prior to the sale of the controlling interest to the Group, the bargain purchase gain resulted primarily from the step-up in the fair value of certain machinery and equipment that Toppan had fully depreciated and fair value related to intangible assets for to customer relationships that were not recognized as internally developed intangible assets by Toppan. The Group therefore recognized the gain from bargain purchase from the acquisition amounting to TEUR 2,993, which was recognized as other operating income in the statement of income.

        From the date of acquisition, VTS contributed revenues of TEUR 21,363 and a loss of TEUR 2,463 to profit before tax of the Group. No revenues or profits existed prior to the acquisition date, due to the fact that VTS was not registered as an individual company prior to the spin-off from Toppan.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

5. List of subsidiaries and business combinations (Continued)

        Transaction costs for due diligence, legal and notary fees of TEUR 775 (2017: TEUR 512) were expensed and are included in general and administrative expenses. The purchase consideration of the acquisition was paid in cash.

6. Intangible assets

in EUR
  Software   Customer
relationships
  In process   Total  

Cost

                         

Balance at January 1, 2017

    555,091             555,091  

Additions

    103,178         10,636     113,814  

Foreign currency effect

    (151 )           (151 )

Balance at December 31, 2017

    658,118         10,636     668,754  

Additions

    161,236             161,236  

Acquisition of a subsidiary

    4,304,231     2,111,156         6,415,387  

Foreign currency effect

    192,688     92,122         284,810  

Balance at December 31, 2018

    5,316,273     2,203,278     10,636     7,530,187  

 

in EUR
  Software   Customer
relationships
  In process   Total  

Accumulated amortization

                         

Balance at January 1, 2017

    (172,769 )           (172,769 )

Amortization

    (134,897 )           (134,897 )

Balance at December 31, 2017

    (307,666 )           (307,666 )

Amortization

    (739,623 )   (356,331 )       (1,095,954 )

Balance at December 31, 2018

    (1,047,289 )   (356,331 )       (1,403,620 )

Carrying amounts

                         

At January 1, 2017

    382,322             382,322  

At December 31, 2017

    350,452         10,636     361,088  

At December 31, 2018

    4,268,984     1,846,947     10,636     6,126,567  

        There were no impairment losses and subsequent reversals concerning intangible assets in 2018 or 2017.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

7. Property and equipment

in EUR
  Technical
equipment
and machines
  Factory, office
and other
equipment
  Assets under
construction
  Total  

Cost

                         

Balance at January 1, 2017

    3,278,758     2,462,680     826,981     6,568,419  

Additions

    570,047     240,206     245,073     1,055,326  

Transfers

    583,004         (583,004 )    

Disposals

        10,345         10,345  

Foreign currency effect

    (99,393 )   (19,022 )   (51,276 )   (169,691 )

Balance at December 31, 2017

    4,332,416     2,673,519     437,774     7,443,709  

Additions

    1,004,853     419,872     949,505     2,374,230  

Transfers

    613,197     9,603     (622,800 )    

Acquisition of a subsidiary

    5,866,261     75,530         5,941,791  

Foreign currency effect

    217,787     1,607     (1,949 )   217,446  

Balance at December 31, 2018

    12,034,514     3,180,131     762,530     15,977,175  

Accumulated depreciation

                         

Balance at January 1, 2017

    (1,413,846 )   (2,023,127 )       (3,436,973 )

Depreciation

    (293,736 )   (113,434 )       (407,170 )

Disposals

        10,345         10,345  

Balance at December 31, 2017

    (1,707,582 )   (2,126,216 )       3,833,798  

Depreciation charge for the year

    (1,947,678 )   (168,818 )       (2,116,496 )

Balance at December 31, 2018

    (3,655,260 )   (2,295,034 )       (5,950,294 )

Carrying amounts

                         

At January 1, 2017

    1,864,912     439,553     826,981     3,131,446  

At December 31, 2017

    2,624,834     547,303     437,774     3,609,911  

At December 31, 2018

    8,379,254     885,097     762,529     10,026,881  

        There have been no impairment losses or reversals of impairment in 2018 or 2017.

8. Inventories

In EUR
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Raw materials and supplies

    8,990,362     10,431,398  

Work in progress

    1,413,155     121,481  

Finished goods and merchandise

    10,075,629     11,270,597  

Inventories

    20,479,146     21,823,476  

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

8. Inventories (Continued)

        During 2018, an amount of TEUR 134,000 (2017: TEUR 108,000) for inventories was recognized as an expense in cost of sales.

        In the year ended December 31, 2018, an amount of TEUR 700 of inventory write-down to net realizable value was recognized as an expense during the year. There were no write-downs of inventories or reversals of write-downs on inventories in 2017.

9. Trade accounts receivable

        All trade accounts receivable are from third parties and have maturities within one year. With regard to receivables that are neither impaired nor past due, there are no indications, that debtors cannot meet their payment obligations. At the balance sheet date, all trade accounts receivable are non-interest bearing.

        The following table provides information about the expected credit loss rates (ECLs) and recognized loss impairments for trade accounts receivables as at December 31, 2018.

 
   
  Trade accounts receivables  
 
   
  Days past due  
December 31, 2018
in EUR
  Current   <30 days   30 - 60 days   31 - 90 days   91 - 120 days   >120 days   Total  

Expected credit loss rate

    0.78 %   0.28 %   4.62 %   2.40 %   3.26 %   8.21 %   1.16 %

Estimated total gross carrying amount at default

    20,755,231     5,056,705     338,105     1,224,592     822,038     1,123,418     29,320,089  

Expected credit loss

    (162,598 )   (14,321 )   (15,625 )   (29,423 )   (26,792 )   (92,241 )   (341,000 )

Impairment loss recognized

                                  (630,381 )   (630,381 )

Trade accounts receivables

                                        28,348,708  

        The maturities of the trade accounts receivable are as follows as of December 31, 2017:

December 31, 2017
in EUR
  All
receivables
  Thereof
impaired
  Thereof
neither past
due nor
impaired
  <30 days   31 - 90 days   91 - 120 days   >120 days  

Trade receivables gross amount

    14,405,966     359,743     12,339,186     375,200     1,091,087     144,836     95,914  

Less Impairments

    (359,743 )   (359,743 )                    

Trade receivables net amount

    14,046,223         12,339,186     375,200     1,091,087     144,836     95,914  

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

9. Trade accounts receivable (Continued)

        The allowances of the trade accounts receivable developed as follows:

in EUR
  Specific
allowances
 

Balance at January 1, 2017

    347,864  

Impairment loss recognized

    67,808  

Amounts written off

    (26,399 )

Foreign currency effect

    (29,530 )

Balance at December 31, 2017

    359,743  

Impairment loss recognized

    255,885  

Provision for expected credit losses

    341,000  

Foreign currency effect

    14,753  

Balance at December 31, 2018

    971,381  

10. Other current non-financial assets

in EUR
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Deferred offering costs

    2,060,706      

Value added tax refund

    429,945     402,312  

Recourse right

    427,175     427,175  

Miscellaneous

    418,805     22,765  

Prepaid expenses

    85,759     61,650  

Receivables from employees < 1 year

    5,165     2,964  

Total

    3,427,555     916,866  

        As of December 31, 2018, miscellaneous other current non-financial assets includes TEUR 360 of deposits. The deferred offering costs will be reclassified as a cost to equity when the equity transaction is recognized, or recognized in the statement of income if the equity transaction is no longer expected to be completed.

        The recourse right represents a corresponding asset related to funds held in a third-party escrow account related to a legal dispute with a former employee; refer to note 12 for details. Prepaid expenses mainly include prepayments for rent, insurance and supply contracts.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

11. Loans

 
  Interest Rates   Maturities   Contract
Currency
  In Contract
Curencies
12/31/2018
  In EUR
12/31/2018
 
 
  %
   
   
   
   
 

Current loans

                         

Bank overdrafts

          EUR     1,442,298     1,442,298  

Bayern LB

  1.87 - 1.90%   02/28 - 04/29/2019   EUR     4,500,000     4,500,000  

Bayern LB

  3M EURIBOR + 2% p.a.   05/31/2019   EUR     4,600,000     4,600,000  

Deutsche Bank

  1.95%   16/01 - 03/04/2019   EUR     1,500,000     1,500,000  

Sparkasse

  5.35%   06/30/2019   EUR     54,450     54,450  

SPD bank

  4.69 - 4.85%   03/26 - 04/28/2019   USD     5,040,000     4,427,611  

CZBANK

  4.80 - 5.05%   03/14 - 04/17/2019   USD     4,312,500     3,758,371  

CITIC BANK

  4.52 - 4.99%   01/26 - 06/05/2019   USD     7,107,487     6,315,602  

Shiga Bank

  2.18%   12/31/2019   JPY     100,080,000     795,232  

Total current loans

                      27,393,564  

Non-current loans

                         

Shiga Bank

  2.18%   10/31/2023   JPY     391,580,000     3,111,482  

Total non-current loans

                      3,111,482  

 

 
  Interest
Rates
  Maturities   Contract
Currency
  In Contract
Curencies
12/31/2017
  In EUR
12/31/2017
 
 
  %
   
   
   
   
 

Current loans

                         

Bank overdrafts

          EUR     2,036,508     2,036,508  

Bayern LB

  1.95%   03/01/2018   EUR     2,000,000     2,000,000  

Sparkasse

  5.35%   06/30/2019   EUR     112,500     112,500  

SPD bank

  3.16 - 3.57%   01/27 - 03/24/2018   USD     1,670,096     1,398,281  

ICBC Bank

  3.52 - 3.77   01/17 - 04/17/2018   USD     5,380,000     4,504,382  

CITIC BANK

  3.38%   01/10/2018   USD     3,000,000     2,511,737  

Total current loans

                      12,563,408  

Non-current loans

                         

Sparkasse

  5.35%   06/30/2019   EUR     50,850     50,850  

Total non-current loans

                      50,850  

        As collateral, the subsidiary borrowers under certain of the Group's bank loans have pledged a portion of their trade accounts receivable up to amounts drawn under the respective loans in support of these obligations.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

11. Loans (Continued)

        All loans were concluded under normal market conditions.

 
  Loans   Financial
liabilities
due to third
parties*
  Total  
 
  EUR
  EUR
  EUR
 

Balance at January 1, 2017

    7,852,213     1,835,681     9,687,894  

Cash flows from financing activities

                   

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

    28,048,840         28,048,840  

Repayment of loans and borrowings

    (23,115,001 )   540,057     (23,655,058 )

Interest paid

    (641,712 )       (641,712 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

    4,292,127     540,057     3,752,070  

Foreign currency effect

    (171,793 )       (171,793 )

Interest expense

    641,712         641,712  

Balance at December 31, 2017

    12,614,259     1,295,624     13,909,883  

Cash flows from financing activities

                   

Proceeds from loans and borrowings

    57,975,438         57,975,438  

Repayment of loans and borrowings

    (40,910,654 )   (373,671 )   (41,284,325 )

Interest paid

    (697,245 )       (697,245 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

    16,367,539     (373,671 )   15,993,868  

Foreign currency effect

    704,623         704,623  

Interest expense—paid

    697,245         697,245  

Interest expense—accrued

    121,381         121,381  

Balance at December 31, 2018

    30,505,047     921,954     31,427,000  

*
disclosed in the current other financial liabilities

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

12. Provisions

In EUR
  Warranties   Asset
retirement
obligations
  Litigation   Other   Total  

Balance at January 1, 2017

    132,496     27,339     200,000         359,835  

Additions

    1,046,528         227,175     189,384     1,463,087  

Unwinding of discount

        366             366  

Currency translation effect

        (1,704 )           (1,704 )

Balance at December 31, 2017

    1,179,024     26,001     427,175     189,384     1,821,584  

Non-current

        26,001             26,001  

Current

    1,179,024         427,175     189,384     1,795,583  

Total

    1,179,024     26,001     427,175     189,384     1,821,584  

Balance at January 1, 2018

    1,179,024     26,001     427,175     189,384     1,821,584  

Additions

    300,220     105,024         171,613     576,857  

Reversals

    (49,436 )               (49,436 )

Usage

                (45,552 )   (45,552 )

Unwinding of discount

        1,544             1,544  

Currency translation effect

    (7,477 )   (236 )           (7,713 )

Balance at December 31, 2018

    1,422,331     132,333     427,175     315,445     2,297,284  

Non-current

        132,333             132,333  

Current

    1,422,331         427,175     315,445     2,164,951  

Total

    1,422,331     132,333     427,175     315,445     2,297,284  

        The provision for warranties in relates mainly to products sold during the respective year. The provision has been estimated based on historical warranty data associated with similar products and services. The Group expects to settle these obligations over the next year.

        Furthermore, the Group has asset retirement obligations to return certain of the Group's premises to their original condition. The asset retirement obligation is not expected to be fulfilled in less than five years.

        In the ordinary course of business, the Group is party to lawsuits. The Group recognized a provision for litigation related to a legal dispute with a former employee. As part of the sale agreement between the Group's former and current shareholder, an escrow account was established for the benefit of the Company to the extent such matter is resolved. Accordingly, the Group has recorded an amount as Other non-financial asset equal to this liability. See note 24 for subsequent information on this litigation provision.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

13. Other current financial liabilities

in EUR
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Financial liabilities due to third parties

    921,954     1,295,624  

Invoices not yet received

    2,452,395     530,449  

Customers with credit balances

    7,050     18,010  

Miscellaneous other financial liabilities

    93,353     94,414  

Total

    3,474,752     1,938,497  

        The financial liabilities due to third parties consist mainly of a commercial agreement with Intel which has an effective interest rate of approximately 3.53% and with repayment through December 31, 2019.

14. Other current non-financial liabilities

in EUR
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Liabilities due to personnel bonus

    1,804,148     1,534,518  

Social security liabilities

    105,423     77,308  

Tax liabilities other than income taxes

    100,755     53,150  

Liabilities for remaining leave

    200,800     151,000  

Contract liabilities

    38,427      

Deferred revenue

        711,702  

Accrued expenses

    44,149     71,984  

Miscellaneous other non-financial liabilities

    375,708     124,564  

Total

    2,669,410     2,724,226  

        In 2018, miscellaneous other operating income mainly consists of office supplies accruals (TEUR 203) and other miscellaneous non-financial liabilities.

15. Revenue

In EUR
  2018   2017  

Display solutions

    150,315,353     131,031,411  

Full Service Model

    148,118,965     129,115,182  

Consignment Model

    2,196,388     1,916,229  

Sensor Technologies

    21,363,541      

Total

    171,678,894     131,031,411  

        The Group has no remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2018 that have an original expected term of more than one year.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

15. Revenue (Continued)

Contract Balances

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Trade accounts receivable (see note 9)

    28,348,708     14,046,223  

Contract liabilities

    38,427      

        Contract liabilities include advances received from customers on account of orders. The development of contract liabilities and revenue recognized therefrom is as follows:

in EUR
  2018  

Contract liabilities at January 1

    711,702  

Deferred during the year

    1,255,840  

Recognized as revenue during the year

    (1,929,115 )

Contract liabilities at December 31

    38,427  

16. Expenses by nature

        Expenses by nature were as follows:

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Raw materials and consumables

    134,453,049     107,639,735  

Salaries, wages and employee benefits

    18,073,070     10,593,908  

Consultants and audit professional fees

    2,144,300     1,344,898  

Advertising, vehicle and travel expenses

    3,691,559     1,342,551  

Warranty

    252,125     1,065,676  

Lease expenses

    1,417,331     939,453  

Purchased services

    3,186,693     748,188  

Taxes, insurance costs, and other dues

    914,185     733,038  

Depreciation and amortization

    3,212,450     542,068  

Maintenance

    237,948     148,572  

Other

    1,189,369     654,843  

Total

    168,772,079     125,752,930  

        Salary, wages and employee benefits included salaries and wages which amounted to TEUR 16,239 in 2018 (2017: TEUR 9,765) and social security contributions which amounted to TEUR 1,848 in 2018 (2017: TEUR 1,295).

        In 2018 the item "Other" contains miscellaneous small amounts, primarily comprised of approximately TEUR 234 (2017: TEUR 148) for canteen expenses, TEUR 94 for quality and testing expenses and TEUR 148 for relocation expenses.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

17. Commitments and contingencies

17.1 Operating leases

        The Group leases buildings, cars and other equipment which are classified as operating leases. In 2018, the operating lease payments amount to TEUR 1,417 (2017: TEUR 940).

        Future minimum lease payments due to non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS
in EUR
  2018   2017  

< 1 year

    2,514,316     632,540  

> 1 year < 5 years

    3,497,572     3,533,466  

> 5 years

    874,024     874,024  

Total

    6,885,912     5,040,030  

17.2 Contingent liabilities

        From time to time, the Group may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of its operations. As of December 31, 2018, there are two legal out-of-court disputes related to production issues. The dispute process is still ongoing, and the estimated claim is TEUR 200. Based on present facts it is not probable the actions will succeed. Additionally, there are two legal disputes with former employees related to remuneration, however based on present information, it is not probable actions will be successful. Accordingly, no provision has been made in these contingencies.

18. Other income and other expenses

18.1 Other operating income

        Other operating income consists of exchange gains, damages/insurance proceeds and miscellaneous.

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Exchange gains

    1,297,223     5,275,050  

Damages/insurance proceeds

    15,099     8,797  

Bargain purchase gain

    2,992,660      

Miscellaneous other operating income

    717,495     608,284  

Total

    5,022,477     5,892,131  

        In 2018, miscellaneous other operating income mainly consists of the tooling and non-recurring engineering and testing charge which were charged to the customer (TEUR 345), other accrual release (TEUR 77), indemnities due to inadequate quality of received material (TEUR 70), government allowance (TEUR 40) and further small items of miscellaneous income.

        In 2017, miscellaneous other operating income mainly consists of non-recurring engineering and testing charge which were charged to the customer (TEUR 200), indemnities due to inadequate quality of received material (TEUR 180) and other miscellaneous income.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

18. Other income and other expenses (Continued)

18.2 Other operating expenses

        Other operating expenses include exchange losses, losses on disposal of fixed assets, other taxes, increase in bad debt provisions and miscellaneous.

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Exchange losses

    1,355,207     5,334,055  

Other taxes

    8,039      

Increase in bad debt provisions

    255,886     67,808  

Miscellaneous other operating expenses

    1,412,148     457,663  

Total

    3,031,280     5,859,526  

        In 2018, miscellaneous other operating expense mainly consists of tooling expense (TEUR 560) (2017: TEUR 258), off-site expenses (TEUR 285), custom duty (TEUR 181) and other miscellaneous expenses.

19. Financial result

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Interest income on:

             

—Loans, bank deposits and receivables

        2,576  

Total interest income arising from financial assets

        2,576  

Finance income

        2,576  

Interest expense

    (1,140,047 )   (698,220 )

Unwind of discount on site restoration provision

    (1,544 )   (366 )

Finance costs

    (1,141,591 )   (698,586 )

Net finance costs recognized in profit or loss

    (1,141,591 )   (696,010 )

20. Taxes on income

20.1 Income tax expense

        Income tax expense include current and deferred income taxes as follows:

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Current tax expense

    1,883,669     1,733,071  

Adjustments in respect of current income tax of previous year

    275,895     175,455  

Deferred income tax benefit

    (1,781,454 )   (646,991 )

Income tax expense

    378,110     1,261,535  

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

20. Taxes on income (Continued)

        VIA GmbH is subject to corporate income tax and trade taxes in Germany. For the years ending December 31, 2018 and 2017, the statutory German corporate income tax rate applicable to VIA GmbH is 15.0% plus solidarity surcharge of 5.5% thereon. The municipal trade tax is approximately 16.0% (2017: 11.6%). Overall tax rate for Germany is 31.8% (2017: 27.4%). The change in the municipal trade tax is due to the relocation of a permanent establishment from Altdorf to Nuremberg, with Nuremberg having higher tax rates.

        For the Group's subsidiaries, VIA LLC (USA) a tax rate of 27.0% (2017: 40.0%), for VIA Suzhou (China) a tax rate of 25.0% in both 2018 and 2017 and for VTS (Japan) a tax rate of 33.9% is applicable.

20.2 Income tax expense

        As per 31 December 2018, income tax receivables amounted to TEUR 34 (2017: TEUR 219) and current tax payables amounted to TEUR 802 (2017: TEUR 621).

        The reconciliations of the Group's corporate tax rate to its effective tax rate are as follows:

in EUR
  2018   2017  

Profit before tax

    3,756,420     4,615,075  

Tax under domestic (German) tax rate

    (1,195,744 )   (1,264,637 )

Effect of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions

    545,310     112,991  

Tax effect of:

             

Changes in domestic tax rate

    70,954      

Non-deductible expenses

    (71,349 )   (50,081 )

Current-year losses for which no deferred tax asset is recognized

        (136,510 )

Valuation allowance/ use of non recognized tax losses carryforwards

    113,383      

Non-deductible withholding tax

    (275,868 )   (200,110 )

Permanent difference from business combination

    719,359      

Income tax prior years

    (275,895 )   175,455  

Others

    (8,260 )   101,357  

Income tax expense

    (378,110 )   (1,261,535 )

Effective tax rate

    10.07 %   27.34 %

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

20. Taxes on income (Continued)

20.3 Deferred Taxes

        The components of deferred tax balances are in the following table:

 
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  
in EUR
  Deferred Tax
Assets
  Deferred Tax
Liabilities
  Deferred Tax
Assets
  Deferred Tax
Liabilities
 

Non-current assets

                         

Intangible assets

        (576,234 )   333      

Property and equipment

        (1,589,665 )   3,282      

Other financial assets

    45,633              

Current assets

                         

Inventories

    317,440         394,075      

Trade accounts receivables

    305,873     (19,992 )   234,320      

Other current assets

        (732,527 )        

Cash and cash equivalents

    48,119         33,045      

Non-current liabilities

                         

Loans

                (1,481 )

Provisions

    40,339         6,500      

Other financial liabilities

        (11,221 )       (12,176 )

Current liabilities

                         

Loans

    29,772              

Trade accounts payable

    138,878             (8,924 )

Provisions

    237,526     (232,600 )   97,410      

Other financial liabilities

    15,983         140,799      

Other non-financial liabilities

    10,324         43,754      

Losses carried forward

    1,886,325              

Deferred Taxes before netting

    3,076,212     (3,162,239 )   953,518     (22,581 )

Netting

    (1,138,361 )   1,138,361     (22,581 )   22,581  

Deferred Taxes netted

    1,937,851     (2,023,878 )   930,937      

        Deferred taxes charged to equity accumulate to TEUR 32. The acquisition of the shares in VTS Japan results in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of TEUR 2,187 (as of acquisition date an amount of TEUR 2,857).

        VIA GmbH has accumulated tax loss carryforwards (corporate income tax: TEUR 6,029; trade tax: TEUR 5,824) for which deferred tax assets in the amount of TEUR 1,886 were recognized.

        VIA LLC has accumulated tax loss carryforwards (amount of TEUR 2,713) for which no deferred tax assets were recognized. For each year of tax loss carryforward (beginning in 2011, when initial losses were incurred) such losses can and may be carried back two years and if not fully used carried forward 20 years. From 2018 onwards, losses may be carried forward indefinitely. The losses carried forward that may expire amount to 2,713 TEUR.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

20. Taxes on income (Continued)

        Deferred tax assets are recognized on unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available in the future against which the unused tax losses can be utilized based on the forecasted taxable profit. In this regard, management exercises judgment as to the expected timing and the amount of the taxable profits and measures deferred tax assets on unused tax losses accordingly.

        Deferred tax liabilities relating to outside based differences in the amount of TEUR 207 are not recognized. The temporary differences amount to TEUR 649.

21. Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments

        The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group's overall risk management approach focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Group.

        Management regularly reviews the Group's risk management objectives to ensure that risks are identified and managed appropriately. The Advisory Board is made aware of and reviews management's risk assessments prior to entering into significant transactions.

Credit risk

        Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade accounts receivable) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments.

Trade accounts receivable

        Customer credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to the Group's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. The Group evaluates this risk through detailed ageing analysis and also detailed analysis of the credit worthiness of the consumers. The Group follows risk control procedures to assess the credit quality of the customers taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. The compliance with credit limits by corporate customers is regularly monitored by management. As of December 2018 the carrying amount of primary financial instruments is comprised of trade accounts receivables and the amount of TEUR 28,349 (2017: 14,046) represents the maximum exposure to credit risk for those financial instruments. Trade accounts receivable are unsecured.

        For 2018, the Group allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on data that is determined to be predictive of the risk of loss (including but not limited to management accounts and cash flow projections and available press information about customers) and applying experienced credit judgement. Credit risk grades are defined using qualitative and quantitative factors that are indicative of the risk of default.

        The table in section 9 provides information about the exposure to credit risk and ECLs for trade receivables for corporate customers as at December 31, 2018. The Group uses an allowance matrix to

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

21. Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments (Continued)

measure the ECLs of trade accounts receivable from individual customers, which comprise a very large number of small balances.

Cash deposits

        The Group's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the statement of financial position at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. The Group believes the risk of loss of carrying amount is remote and mitigated in part by spreading cash deposits across different subsidiaries and banks.

Interest rate risk

        Interest rate risk includes the influence of positive and negative changes to interest rates on the Group's profit, equity, or cash flow in the current or any future reporting period. Interest rate risks from financial instruments arise mainly in connection with financial liabilities, including borrowings under the Group's existing working capital and equipment financing facilities. With the amount of cash and cash equivalents and financial instruments that the Group maintained at December 31, 2018 and 2017, a hypothetical increase or decrease of one percentage point, or 100 basis points, in interest rates, would not have had a material effect on the Group's financial statements.

Liquidity risk

        The primary objective of the Group's liquidity and capital management is to monitor the availability of cash and capital in order to support its business expansion and growth. The Group manages its liquidity and capital structure with reference to economic conditions, performance of its local operations and local regulations. While the Group has not historically encountered significant restrictions on cash payments and distributions from our subsidiary VIA optronics (Shuzou) Co. Ltd, there may be certain restrictions where the government can exercise significant control over foreign currency-denominated obligations. The amount of cash held by VIA optronics (Shuzou) Co. Ltd, was 6,635 TEUR at December 31, 2018. The table below presents the contractual undiscounted cash flows relating to the Group's financial liabilities at the balance sheet date. The cash flows are grouped based on the remaining period to the contractual maturity date. The Group has sufficient funds to meet these commitments as they become due.

in EUR
  Up to 1 year   Between 1 and
3 years
  More than
3 years
 

Balance at December 31, 2018

                   

Non-current loans

        2,385,697     725,785  

Current loans

    27,393,564          

Trade accounts payable

    24,575,369          

Other financial liabilities

    3,474,752          

Total

    55,443,685     2,385,697     725,785  

Balance at December 31, 2017

                   

Non-current loans

        50,850      

Current loans

    12,563,408          

Trade accounts payable

    20,345,681          

Other financial liabilities

    1,938,497     43,661      

Total

    34,847,586     94,511      

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

21. Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments (Continued)

        The Group assessed the concentration of risk with respect to refinancing its debt and concluded it to be low. Based on the cash flow forecast for 2019, the Group has sufficient liquidity as at December 31, 2018 for the next twelve months.

Foreign exchange risk

        The Group operates globally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from exposure to various currencies in the ordinary course of business. The Group's exposures primarily consist of the U.S. dollar, Chinese Renminbi and Japanese Yen. Foreign exchange risk arises from commercial transactions and recognized financial assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the Euro.

        The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in the exchange rates of Euros for Chinese Renminbi, U.S. Dollar and Japanese Yen:

Balance at December 31, 2018  
in EUR
  Trade
accounts
receivables
  Current
interest
bearing
loans and
borrowings
  Trade
accounts
payable
  Other
current
financial
liabilities
  Currency
risk exposure
  Change
of risk
(bps)
  Impact on
Profit (+)
or Loss (–)
in Euro
 

Amounts in RMB

    134,514,711         122,748,636     374,736     11,391,339     +/– 1,000     +/– 144,650  

Amounts in USD

    4,119,527     16,459,987     1,784         (6,958,343 )   +/– 1,000     +/– 1,077,925  

Amounts in JPY

    741,339,662     100,080,000     268,950,000         372,309,662     +/– 1,000     +/– 295,836  

 

Balance at December 31, 2017  
in EUR
  Trade
accounts
receivables
  Current
interest
bearing
loans and
borrowings
  Trade
accounts
payable
  Other
current
financial
liabilities
  Currency
risk
exposure
  Change of
risk (bps)
  Impact on
Profit (+) or
Loss (–)
in Euro
 

Amounts in RMB

    82,906,542         155,237,214     2,157,778     (74,488,450 )   +/– 1,000     +/– 954,442  

Amounts in USD

    3,287,977     10,091,389     3,125         (6,806,537 )   +/– 1,000     +/– 567,542  

Capital management

        The Group's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor and creditor confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Management monitors the return on capital as well as capital ratio using a ratio of net debt to equity. For this purpose, net debt is defined as total financial liabilities, comprising interest-bearing loans, trade accounts payable and other current financial liabilities, less financial assets and cash and cash equivalents.

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

21. Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments (Continued)

        The Group seeks to maintain the ratio, on average below 2.3. The Group's adjusted net debt to equity ratio at the end of the reporting period was as follows:

in EUR
  12/31/2018   12/31/2017  

Total financial liabilities

    58,555,168     34,942,097  

Less: financial assets

    (28,596,300 )   (14,228,683 )

Less: cash and cash equivalents

    (9,943,184 )   (6,623,477 )

Net debt

    20,015,684     14,089,937  

Total equity

    12,428,410     8,604,369  

Net debt to equity ratio

    1.61     1.64  

Financial assets and liabilities at carrying amount

        The following table presents the carrying amount and the fair values of financial assets and liabilities to the definitions and categories of IAS 39 as of December 31, 2017 and of IFRS 9 as at December 31, 2018. The respective fair value of financial instruments as of the reporting dates is also presented:

 
  Fiscal Year ended  
 
   
  December 31, 2018  
in EUR
  Category
according
to IFRS 9
  Carrying
Amount
  Fair Value*  

Assets

                 

Other Non-current financial assets

  AC     148,628     148,628  

Trade accounts receivables

  AC     28,348,708     22,500,184  

Other current financial assets

                 

Suppliers' accounts with debit balances

  AC     98,965     98,965  

Cash and cash equivalents

  AC     9,943,184     9,943,184  

Liabilities

 
 
   
 
   
 
 

Non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

  AC     3,111,482     3,109,254  

Current liabilities

                 

Current interest bearing loans and borrowings

                 

Bank loans

  AC     27,393,564     27,393,564  

Trade accounts payable

  AC     24,575,369     24,575,369  

Other current financial liabilities

                 

Liabilities due to personnel

  AC          

Financial liabilities due to third parties

  AC     921,954     921,954  

Interest payable for financial liabilities

  AC          

Invoices not yet received

  AC     2,452,395     2,452,395  

Customers with credit balances

  AC     7,050     7,050  

Other

  AC     93,353     93,353  

The term AC stands for Measurement at Amortized Cost

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

21. Market Risk Management and Financial Instruments (Continued)


 
   
  December 31, 2017  
in EUR
  Category
according
to IAS 39
  Carrying
Amount
  Fair Value*  

Assets

                 

Other Non-current financial assets

  LaR     139,921     139,921  

Trade accounts receivable

  LaR     14,046,223     14,046,223  

Other current financial assets

                 

Suppliers' accounts with debit balances

  LaR     42,541     42,541  

Cash and cash equivalents

  LaR     6,623,477     6,623,477  

Liabilities

 
 
   
 
   
 
 

Non-current interest bearing loans and borrowings

  FLAC     50,850     50,850  

Other financial liabilities

  FLAC     43,661     43,661  

Current liabilities

                 

Current interest bearing loans and borrowings

                 

Bank loans

  FLAC     12,563,408     12,563,408  

Trade accounts payable

  FLAC     20,345,681     20,345,681  

Other current financial liabilities

                 

Financial liabilities due to third parties

 
FLAC
   
1,295,624
   
1,295,624
 

Interest payable for financial liabilities

  FLAC     17,520     17,520  

Invoices not yet received

  FLAC     530,449     530,449  

Customers with credit balances

  FLAC     18,010     18,010  

Other

  FLAC     76,893     76,893  

*
Carrying amount approximates fair values

        The categories listed above are defined as:

    LaR: Loans and Receivables

    FLAC: Financial Liabilities Measured at Amortized Cost

22. Related party disclosures

        The following is a description of related party transactions the Group has entered into with any members of its advisory board, its executive officers or holders of more than 20% of any class of its voting securities.

Transactions with shareholders

        The shareholders are IMI and Jürgen Eichner who own 76% and 24% of VIA, respectively. There were no transactions between the Group and IMI, the ultimate parent during the financial year. VIA has leased office spaces at its registered seat in Schwarzenbruck from its CEO Jürgen Eichner. The annual rent amounts to TEUR 6.

Compensation of key management personnel

        Executive management (CEO and CFO) has authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, and is considered to be key management personnel. In the

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VIA optronics GmbH

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

December 31, 2018 and 2017

22. Related party disclosures (Continued)

fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the key management personnel as defined above received short-term employee benefits as total compensation in the amount of TEUR 846 (2017: TEUR 878).

    Compensation of advisory board

        One member of the advisory board received remuneration for his services as member of the advisory board in an amount of TEUR 5 during fiscal year 2018.

23. Other Information

23.1 Employees

        The Group had an average of 663 employees (2017: 591) in the reporting period. The employees are divided in industrial employees and commercial employees. In 2018, the industrial employees amounted to 465 (2017: 500) and the commercial employees amounted to 198 (2017: 91).

24. Events after the reporting period

        The legal dispute with a former employee described in note 12 was settled in March 2019 for the amount accrued as of December 31, 2018.

        On January 2, 2019, VIA optronics (Taiwan) Ltd. was founded with the aim to support the sales function of the Group, previously performed by VIA optronics GmbH.

        On January 4, 2019, VIA optronics AG with statutory capital of TEUR 100 was founded and was entered in the commercial register on March 18, 2019. As of the date of these financial statements, the contribution of capital of VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG has not occurred.

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            American Depositary Shares
Representing                Ordinary Shares

VIA optronics AG

LOGO



PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

                        , 2019


Citigroup   Stifel

 

Berenberg   William Blair   Needham & Company

        Until                        , 2019 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade ADSs or our ordinary shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

   


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PART II    INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS.

Item 6.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers

        Under German law, we may not, as a general matter, indemnify members of our management board and supervisory board. Certain limited exceptions may apply if the indemnification is in the legitimate interest of our company. We will indemnify our management board and supervisory board members, to the extent permissible under German law, from and against any liabilities arising out of or in connection with their services to us.

        We provide directors' and officers' liability insurance for the members of our management and supervisory boards against civil liabilities, which they may incur in connection with their activities on behalf of our company. We intend to expand our insurance coverage against such liabilities, including by providing for coverage against liabilities under the Securities Act.

        In the underwriting agreement, the form of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, the underwriters will agree to indemnify, under certain conditions, us, the members of our management board and persons who control our company within the meaning of the Securities Act, against certain liabilities, but only to the extent that such liabilities are caused by information relating to the underwriters furnished to us in writing expressly for use in this Registration Statement and certain other disclosure documents.

Item 7.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

        In connection with the formation of VIA optronics AG, on [            ], 2019 the shareholders of VIA optronics GmbH contributed all shares in VIA optronics GmbH into VIA optronics AG by way of a contribution in kind against issuance of shares (Sachkapitalerhöhung). As a result of this contribution, VIA optronics AG became the holding company for VIA optronics GmbH and its subsidiaries. We have not otherwise sold any unregistered securities within the past three years.

Item 8.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule

Exhibit
Number
  Description of Exhibit
  1.1 * Form of Underwriting Agreement

 

3.1

*

Articles of Association of VIA optronics AG

 

3.2

*

Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board of VIA optronics AG

 

3.3

*

Rules of Procedure of the Management Board of VIA optronics AG

 

4.1

*

Form of specimen of ordinary registered share certificate and English translation

 

4.2

*

Form of Deposit Agreement

 

4.3

*

Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 4.2)

 

5.1

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP

 

8.1

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP as to U.S. tax matters

 

8.2

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP as to German tax matters

 

10.1

*

Shareholders Agreement, dated [                    ], 2019, by and among VIA optronics AG, Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. and Jürgen Eichner

 

10.2


Framework Cooperation Agreement, dated April 8, 2019, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Wacker Chemie AG

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Exhibit
Number
  Description of Exhibit
  10.3   Investment Agreement, dated as of March 7, 2019, by and among VIA optronics AG, VIA optronics GmbH and Corning Research & Development Corporation

 

10.4

 

Framework Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.5

 

Shareholders' Agreement, dated March 23, 2018, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.6

 

Employee Secondment Agreement (Toppan), dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.7

 

Employee Secondment Agreement (TEP), dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Electronics Products Co., Ltd.

 

10.8

 

Shiga Facility Lease Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.9

 

Satte Facility Lease Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.10

 

Business Assistance Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.11


Transferred IP Purchase Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.

 

10.12


IP License Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.13


System Use Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.14

 

R&D and Consignment Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.15

 

Distribution Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.16


Project Contract, dated as of July 1, 2018, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH as amended July 25, 2019

 

23.1

*

Consent of Dechert LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1, 8.1 and 8.2)

 

23.2

*

Consent of Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

 

24.1

*

Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page)

*
To be filed by amendment.

Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been submitted separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 9.    Undertakings

(a)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

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(b)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 6 above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(c)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:

(i)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(ii)
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
  Description of Exhibit
  1.1 * Form of Underwriting Agreement

 

3.1

*

Articles of Association of VIA optronics AG

 

3.2

*

Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board of VIA optronics AG

 

3.3

*

Rules of Procedure of the Management Board of VIA optronics AG

 

4.1

*

Form of specimen of ordinary registered share certificate and English translation

 

4.2

*

Form of Deposit Agreement

 

4.3

*

Form of American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 4.2)

 

5.1

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP

 

8.1

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP as to U.S. tax matters

 

8.2

*

Opinion of Dechert LLP as to German tax matters

 

10.1

*

Shareholders Agreement, dated [                    ], 2019, by and among VIA optronics AG, Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. and Jürgen Eichner

 

10.2


Framework Cooperation Agreement, dated April 8, 2019, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Wacker Chemie AG

 

10.3

 

Investment Agreement, dated as of March 7, 2019, by and among VIA optronics AG, VIA optronics GmbH and Corning Research & Development Corporation

 

10.4

 

Framework Agreement, dated November 20, 2017, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.5

 

Shareholders' Agreement, dated March 23, 2018, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.6

 

Employee Secondment Agreement (Toppan), dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.7

 

Employee Secondment Agreement (TEP), dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Electronics Products Co., Ltd.

 

10.8

 

Shiga Facility Lease Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.9

 

Satte Facility Lease Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.10

 

Business Assistance Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.11


Transferred IP Purchase Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.

 

10.12


IP License Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.13


System Use Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

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Exhibit
Number
  Description of Exhibit
  10.14   R&D and Consignment Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.15

 

Distribution Agreement, dated March 29, 2018, by and between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

10.16


Project Contract, dated as of July 1, 2018, by and between VIA optronics GmbH and Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH as amended July 25, 2019

 

23.1

*

Consent of Dechert LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1, 8.1 and 8.2)

 

23.2

*

Consent of Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

 

24.1

*

Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page)

*
To be filed by amendment.

Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been submitted separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in                         on                         2019.

  VIA optronics AG



 

By:

 

 

      Name:   Jürgen Eichner

      Title:   Chief Executive Officer

        We, the undersigned members of the management board and the supervisory board of the Registrant hereby severally constitute and appoint Jürgen Eichner and Daniel Jürgens, and each of them, his/her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution for him/her and in his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and any subsequent registration statements pursuant to Rule 462 of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he/she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorney-in-fact or his/her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
   
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
  

Jürgen Eichner
  Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Management Board
(Principal Executive Officer)
                          , 2019

  

Daniel Jürgens

 

Chief Financial Officer and Member of the Management Board
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 

                        , 2019

  

Diosdado Banatao

 

Member of Supervisory Board

 

                        , 2019

  

Jerome Tan

 

Member of Supervisory Board

 

                        , 2019

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Signature
   
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
  

Dr. Heiko Frank
  Member of Supervisory Board                           , 2019

 

Anil Doradla

 

Member of Supervisory Board

 

                        , 2019

 

Anthony Best

 

Member of Supervisory Board

 

                        , 2019

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SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the registrant's duly authorized representative in the United States has signed this Registration Statement in                        on                         , 2019.

     

    Name:   Jürgen Eichner
    Title:   [            ]

II-8



EX-10.2 2 filename2.htm

Exhibit 10.2

 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Rahmen-Kooperationsvertrag
(„Kooperationsvertrag”)

 

Framework Cooperation
Agreement (“Cooperation Agreement”)

 

 

 

Zwischen

 

by and between

 

 

 

Wacker Chemie AG
Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4
81737 München

 

Wacker Chemie AG
Hanns-Seidel-Platz 4
81737 Munich
Germany

 

 

 

(„Verkäufer”)

 

(“Seller”)

 

 

 

und

 

and

 

 

 

Via optronics GmbH
Lettenfeldstr. 15
90592 Schwarzenbruck

 

Via optronics GmbH
Lettenfeldstr. 15
90592 Schwarzenbruck
Germany

 

 

 

(„Käufer”)

 

(“Buyer”)

 

 

 

(Verkäufer und Käufer gemeinsam die “Parteien”)

 

(Seller and the Buyer together the
Parties”)

 

 

 

Präambel

 

Preamble

 

 

 

Die Parteien haben einen Rahmenliefervertrag vom 17. Dezember 2010 und einen Ergänzungsvertrag zu diesem Rahmenliefervertrag am 19. April 2013 /26. April 2013 geschlossen (“Bisheriger Rahmenliefervertrag”).

 

The Parties entered into a Framework Supply Agreement on December 17, 2010 and a supplementary agreement thereto dated April 19/26, 2013 (hereinafter referred to jointly as the “Current Framework Supply Agreement”).

 

 

 

In einem Term Sheet vom 26.04.2017/24.05.2017 haben die Parteien Eckpunkte für diesen Kooperationsvertrag festgelegt.

 

On April 26/May 24, 2017, the Parties set forth the key parameters of this Cooperation Agreement in a term sheet.

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag soll den Bisherigen Rahmenvertrag ablösen und die alleinige Grundlage für die künftige Zusammenarbeit sein.

 

This Cooperation Agreement shall replace the aforementioned Current Framework Supply Agreement and shall therefore be the sole basis for the Parties’ future cooperation.

 

 

 

Am 14./21. April 2010 haben die Parteien betreffend den Informationsaustausch während ihrer Zusammenarbeit eine Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung geschlossen (die “Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung”).

 

On April 14/21, 2010 the Parties entered into an agreement regarding confidentiality of information for the duration of their cooperation (hereinafter referred to as the “Confidentiality Agreement”).

 


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

1.            Vertragsgegenstand

 

1.            Subject

 

 

 

Die Parteien haben gemeinsam ein Produkt für den Anwendungsbereich “optisches Bonden von Displays” gemäß Spezifikation laut Anlage 4 (nachfolgend als “Produkt” bezeichnet) entwickelt und regeln hiermit ihre Geschäftsbeziehung betreffend den Verkauf und die Lieferung des Produkts sowie die gemeinsame Entwicklung des Marktes für dieses Produkt.

 

The Parties have jointly developed a product for the application “optical bonding of displays” as further specified with the specification set out in Annex 4 hereto (hereinafter referred to as a “Product”) and wish to document their business relationship regarding the supply and sale of, and the joint development of the market for the Product.

 

 

 

Andere Standardprodukte des Verkäufers werden als “Buchnamenprodukte” bezeich net

 

All other standard products offered by the Seller shall be referred to hereinafter as “Book Name Products.”

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag regelt den gemeinsamen Marktauftritt beider Parteien und soll dazu beitragen, die Umsätze beider Parteien im Bereich optical Bonding zu erhöhen und zugleich für die Kunden spezifische Lösungen aus einer Hand bereitzustellen, indem das Produktions- und Entwicklungs Know-How im Chemie- und Elektronikbereich gebündelt wird.

 

The purpose of this Cooperation Agreement is to define the Parties’ joint appearance in the market. This Cooperation Agreement has been designed to increase the Parties’ sales revenues from optical bonding while at the same time enabling the Parties to provide their customers with specific one-stop solutions by bundling their chemical and electronic production- and development-related know-how.

 

 

 

Weiterhin regelt der Kooperationsvertrag die exklusive Lieferung des Produkts im Bereich “optisches Bonden” (“Geschäftsfeld”) sowie die Lieferbedingungen für Buchnamenprodukte an den Käufer.

 

In addition, this Cooperation Agreement defines the exclusive delivery of the Product in the field of optical bonding (hereinafter referred to as the “Business Field”) and the terms of delivery of Book Name Products to the Buyer.

 

 

 

Evtl. gemeinsame Weiter-und Neuentwicklungen von Produkten im Bereich “optisches Bonden” können die Parteien einvernehmlich in diesen Kooperationsvertrag einbeziehen.

 

The Parties may agree to include any new joint developments and/or expansions of products for the Business Field in this Cooperation Agreement.

 

 

 

2.            Geltungsbereich des Kooperationsvertrags

 

2.            Scope

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag gilt räumlich für den Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum (derzeit 28 Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union und zusätzlich Norwegen, Island und Liechtenstein), der Schweiz, Nordamerika (Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, Kanada und Mexiko) und Asien, sowie, nach dessen Austritt aus der Europäischen Union, auch im Vereinigten Königreich.

 

This Cooperation Agreement is valid in the European Economic Area (currently made up of the 28 member states of the European Union, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), North America (United States of America, Canada and Mexico), Switzerland and Asia and, when it has left the European Union, also in the United Kingdom.

 

 

 

Zeitlich gilt der Kooperationsvertrag ab 01. Januar 2019 mit einer fixen Laufzeit bis zum 31. Dezember 2021.

 

This Cooperation Agreement shall become effective retroactively on January 1, 2019 and shall have a fixed term until December 31, 2021.

 

 

 

Der Bisherige Rahmenliefervertrag wird mit Wirkung zum 01. Januar 2018 aufgehoben. Alle bis zum 31. Dezember 2017, 24:00 Uhr, begründeten gegenseitigen Ansprüche der

 

The Current Framework Supply Agreement shall be terminated as of January 1, 2018. The Parties’ mutual claims justified by December 31, 2017 at 12:00 midnight arising from or in

 

2


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Parteien aus oder im Zusammenhang mit dem Bisherigen Rahmenliefervertrag bleiben von der Aufhebung unberührt.

 

connection with the Current Framework Supply Agreement shall remain unaffected by such termination.

 

 

 

Sachlich gilt der Kooperationsvertrag für das Produkt und die Buchnamenprodukte

 

This Cooperation Agreement shall apply to the Product and the Book Name Products.

 

 

 

3.            Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Parteien

 

3.            Cooperation Between the Parties

 

 

 

3.1.         Entwicklungspartnerschaft

 

3.1.         Partnership for development

 

 

 

Beide Parteien sind Entwicklungspartner für Materialien im Bereich „optical Bonding”.

 

The Parties shall be development partners for materials in the field of “optical bonding”.

 

 

 

Der Käufer akquiriert eigenständig Kundenprojekte im Geschäftsfeld, prüft die projektbezogene Eignung des Produkts und entwickelt mit dem Verkäufer das Produkt stetig im Rahmen der Spezifikation weiter.

 

The Buyer shall acquire projects of customers in the Business Field independently and shall review whether the Product is suitable for such projects. Additionally the Buyer shall continuously further develop the Product together with the Seller in line with the specifications.

 

 

 

Gegenüber Kunden wird der Verkäufer als Kompetenzträger für die Herstellung von Materialien benannt, die für das optical Bonding zwingend notwendig sind. Gegenüber den Kunden wird der Käufer als Kompetenzträger für prozessrelevante Vera rbeitungseigenschaften, Fertigungsprozesse und die Entwicklung/Optimierung der Produktanwendung beim Kunden sowie die Entwicklung von Fertigungsgerätschaften genannt.

 

With respect to customers, the Seller shall be named as the competent party for the production of materials essential to optical bonding and the Buyer shall be named as the competent party for process-specific processing features, production processes, the development/optimization of the application of the Product for customers and the development of production equipment.

 

 

 

Die Regelung der Rechteinhaberschaft gem. Ziff. 4 unten bleibt hiervon unberührt.

 

The provisions regarding intellectual property rights as set forth in clause 4 below shall remain unaffected.

 

 

 

3.2.         Gemeinsamer Marktauftritt und Marketingmaterialien

 

3.2.         Joint appearance in the market and shared marketing materials

 

 

 

Der gemeinsame Marktauftritt der Parteien soll unter anderem gemeinsame Messeauftritte, Anwendungsflyer, Präsentationen und oder Kundengespräche umfassen. Die einzelnen Marketingmaterialien werden zwischen den Parteien im Einzelfall vorab abgestimmt und vereinbart.

 

The Parties’ appearance in the market shall include joint participation in trade fairs, application-related flyers, presentations, and/or meetings with customers. The Parties shall discuss and agree upon individual marketing materials in advance on a case by case basis.

 

 

 

Die Parteien bezeichnen sich gegenseitig auf der jeweiligen Internetseite als „Kooperationspartner” und benennen die Leistungen der anderen Partei. Die Parteien treffen sich projektbezogen in angemessenen regelmäßigen Abständen.

 

On their respective websites, the Parties shall refer to each other as cooperation partners and shall define the services provided by the other Party. The Parties shall meet on a regular basis, depending on the requirements of the respective projects.

 

3


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

3.3.         Kundenliste

 

3.3.         List of customers

 

 

 

Sofern die im Geschäftsfeld tätige(n) vermarktende(n) Einheit(en) des Verkäufers und/oder der mit dem Verkäufer verbundenen Unternehmen (derzeit Wacker Silicones) davon Kenntnis erhält/erhalten, wird der Verkäufer bei Anfragen von Neukunden zu 2- Komponenten, additionsvernetzenden (nicht UV härtenden) Silikon-Elastomeren für die Anwendung im Geschäftsfeld diese Neukunden über die Kooperation mit dem Käufer informieren. Sollte der Neukunde Interesse an weiteren Informationen über den Käufer haben, wird Verkäufer den Kontakt herstellen. Gleiches gilt bei Anfragen von den in Anlage 1 genannten Kunden.

 

In the event, that a new customer requests a 2-component, addition curing (non-UV hardening) silicone elastomers for an application in the Business Field and the marketing unit/units of the Seller and/or the Seller’s affiliates (currently, Wacker Silicones) active in the Business Field gains/gain knowledge of such request, the Seller shall inform such new customers about the Seller’s cooperation with the Buyer. Should such new customer expresses an interest in further information about the Buyer, the Seller shall establish contact between the Buyer and such new customer. The same shall apply to requests placed by any of the customers listed in Annex 1 hereto.

 

 

 

Die Anlage 1 wird als Arbeitspapier projektbezogen in angemessenen regelmäßigen Abständen von beiden Parteien bearbeitet.

 

Annex 1, which represents a working paper, shall be updated at reasonable intervals depending on the requirements of the respective projects.

 

 

 

In gleicher Weise wird der Käufer den Verkäufer umgehend über entsprechende Anfragen in Kenntnis setzen.

 

The Buyer shall inform the Seller without undue delay of any and all corresponding requests.

 

 

 

Die Parteien werden sich sodann auf ihre weitere Vorgehensweise unter Berücksichtigung der kartellrechtlichen Bestimmungen verständigen. Soweit kartellrechtlich zulässig, sollen gemeinsame Kundentermine stattfinden.

 

Upon the exchange of such information, the Parties shall come to an agreement regarding their future course of action taking into consideration the applicable antitrust laws. To the extent permissible under such laws, the Parties shall jointly attend customer meetings

 

 

 

3.4.         Kauf und Verkauf auf eigene Rechnung

 

3.4.         Purchase and sale on each Parties’ own account

 

 

 

Der Käufer kauft das Produkt vom Verkäufer und verkauft es an die Kunden in eigenem Namen und für eigene Rechnung.

 

The Buyer shall buy the Product from the Seller and shall sell the Product to customers in the Buyer’s own name and on its own account.

 

 

 

Keine Partei ist berechtigt, Erklärungen im Namen der anderen Partei abzugeben oder Verträge im Namen der anderen Partei abzuschließen.

 

Neither Party shall be entitled to make declarations or sign agreements on behalf of the other Party.

 

 

 

4.            Intellectual Property Rights

 

4.            Intellectual Property Rights

 

 

 

Durch diesen Kooperationsvertrag bleiben die Rechte an den jeweiligen Schutzrechten der Parteien unberührt. Der Rechteinhaber räumt der anderen Partei an seinen Schutzrechten kein Nutzungs- oder anderes Recht ein

 

This Cooperation Agreement shall not affect either Party’s rights to its respective intellectual property. The owner of such rights does not grant to the other Party any usage or other rights in connection with its respective intellectual property rights.

 

4


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

5.            Liefer- und Abnahmeverpflichtung für das Produkt

 

5.            Obligation to Supply and Purchase the Product

 

 

 

5.1.         Liefervereinbarung für das Produkt/ Vorlaufzeit für optisches Bonden

 

5.1.         Supply Agreement / Exclusivity Period for the Product

 

 

 

Der Verkäufer verpflichtet sich, an den Käufer die in Anlage 2 vereinbarten Produkte zu den in Anlage 2 vereinbarten Preisen (netto, ohne gesetzliche Umsatzsteuer) zu verkaufen. Der Käufer verpflichtet sich, diese zu den in diesem Kooperationsvertrag vereinbarten Konditionen zu kaufen und zu bezahlen. Der Verkäufer kann seine Verpflichtungen aus diesem Kooperationsvertrag nach eigener Wahl selbst oder durch eine seiner Tochtergesellschaften erbringen. In gleicher Weise kann der Käufer seine Verpflichtungen aus diesem Vertrag nach eigener Wahl selbst oder durch ein mit ihm im Sinne von § 15 AktG verbundenes Unternehmen erbringen.

 

The Seller shall sell the Product specified in Annex 2 at the prices specified in Annex 2 (net, excluding VAT) to the Buyer. The Buyer shall purchase and pay said Product under the terms specified in this Cooperation Agreement. The Seller’s obligations under this Cooperation Agreement may at Seller’s choice be fulfilled either by the Seller itself or by one of Seller’s affiliates. Accordingly, the Buyer can, at his own choice, render his obligations under this contract itself or through a company affiliated with it within the meaning of § 15 AktG (German Stock Corporation Act).

 

 

 

5.1.1       Preise des Produkts

 

5.1.1       Prices of the Product

 

 

 

Die in Anlage 2 genannten Preise gelten bis zu dem dort genannten Zeitpunkt. Die Parteien werden sich jeweils im vierten Quartal eines Kalenderjahres zusammensetzen und die Preise für das Folgekalenderjahr verhandeln, auch unter Berücksichtigung des Inflationsausgleichs. Erfolgt keine Einigung bis zum 31.12. des laufenden Kalenderjahres ist jede Partei berechtigt, den Kooperationsvertrag schriftlich mit einer Frist von 30 Tagen zum 31. März des Folgejahres zu kündigen. Erfolgt keine Kündigung, bleiben die Preise für das Folgejahr unverändert. Das allgemeine Kündigungsrecht gemäß Ziffer 12 dieses Kooperationsvertrags bleibt unberührt.

 

The prices specified in Annex 2 shall remain applicable until the date set forth therein. By no later than the fourth quarter of every calendar year, the Parties shall negotiate prices for the following calendar year in good faith, taking inflation compensation into consideration. Should the Parties fail to come to an agreement on new prices by December 31 of the current calendar year, each Party shall be entitled to terminate this Cooperation Agreement with effect as of March 31 of the following year subject to a 30 days’ notice period. If this Cooperation Agreement is not terminated, prices shall remain unchanged throughout the following calendar year. The Parties’ termination right pursuant to clause 12 of this Cooperation Agreement shall remain unaffected.

 

 

 

5.1.2       Rolling Forecast für das Produkt

 

5.1.2       Rolling forecast for the Product

 

 

 

Der Käufer wird gegenüber dem Verkäufer einen jährlichen unverbindlichen Rolling Forecast über die beabsichtigten Kaufmengen abgeben.

 

The Buyer shall provide the Seller with a non-binding annual rolling forecast of the volumes of Product the Buyer intends to purchase

 

 

 

Die für den Käufer bindenden Einzelbestellungen müssen rechtzeitig, analog der jeweils aktuellen Lieferzeiten (lead time), erfolgen und werden erst durch eine entsprechende Bestätigung des Verkäufers bindend. Der Käufer wird solche Einzelbestellungen nach Wahl des Verkäufers entweder beim Verkäufer selbst oder bei einem vom Verkäufer benannten Tochterunternehmen des Verkäufers platzieren.

 

Individual orders binding on the Buyer must be made in good time, in line with the current delivery times (lead time) and shall only become binding on the Seller when confirmed by the Seller. Upon Seller’s request, Buyer shall place such individual orders either with the Seller or with the affiliate indicated by the Seller.

 

5


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

5.1.3       Vorlaufzeit des Produkts

 

5.1.3       Exclusivity Period for the Product

 

 

 

Im Hinblick auf die Beiträge des Käufers zur Entwicklung des Produkts verpflichtet sich der Verkäufer bis zum Ablauf des 31. Dezember 2021 (Eingang der Bestellung beim Verkäufer), das Produkt lediglich an den Käufer und/oder ein mit ihm in Sinne von § 15 AktG verbundenes Unternehmen zu verkaufen („Vorlaufzeit I”).

 

In consideration of the Buyer’s contributions to the development of the Product, the Seller undertakes to sell the Product only to Buyer and/or to Buyer’s affiliates within the meaning of § 15 AktG until December 31, 2021 (Receipt of the order by Seller) (“Exclusivity Period I”).

 

 

 

Die Verpflichtung zur Beachtung der Vorlaufzeit I steht unter der auflösenden Bedingung, dass der Käufer pro Kalenderjahr mindestens [***] des Produkts beim Verkäufer zur Lieferung in diesem Kalenderjahr bestellt und abnimmt. Bestellt der Käufer in einem Kalenderjahr weniger als die vorgenannte Menge des Produkts von [***]. nimmt er trotz vereinbarungsgemäßer Bereitstellung dieser Menge durch den Verkäufer weniger ab, so endet die Verpflichtung zur Beachtung der Vorlaufzeit I automatisch zum Ende des jeweiligen Kalenderjahres, ohne dass es einer Kündigung bedarf.

 

The obligation to observe the Exclusivity Period I is subject to the condition subsequent that the Buyer orders and accepts at least [***] of the Product per calendar year from the Seller for delivery in this calendar year. If the Buyer orders less than the aforementioned quantity of the product of [***] in one calendar year, or takes less than this quantity despite the Seller’s provision of the Product as agreed in the purchase contract, the obligation to observe the Exclusivity Period I automatically ends at the end of the respective calendar year without a notice of termination being required.

 

 

 

Der Käufer verpflichtet sich bis zum 31. Dezember 2021 unter vorausgesetzter Eignung des Produkts und entsprechender Freigabe durch den Kunden, Kunden für das Geschäftsfeld ausschließlich mit dem Produkt zu beliefern („Vorlaufzeit II”).

 

Buyer undertakes to supply customers in the Business Field exclusively with the Product until 31 December 2021, provided that the Product is suitable and the respective customers have approved such supply (hereinafter referred to as the “Exclusivity Period II”).

 

 

 

Die Verpflichtung des Käufers zur Beachtung der Vorlaufzeit II entfällt im Einzelfall, falls der Verkäufer dem Käufer die Lieferung einer bestellten Menge des Produkts nicht innerhalb von einer Woche mit einer Lieferzeit von 8 (acht) Wochen (unverbindlich) schriftlich bestätigt. Die Verpflichtung zur Beachtung der Vorlaufzeit II entfällt automatisch mit Ablauf einer Woche nach Eingang der Bestellung des Käufers beim Verkäufer für die in diesem Einzelfall betroffene Bestellung bzw. für zukünftige Bestellungen eines in diesem Einzelfall (mit anderem Material qualifizierten) betroffenen Einzelprojekts. Klarstellend halten die Parteien fest, dass der Käufer in diesen Fällen berechtigt ist, ein anderes geeignetes Produkt anderweitig zu beziehen und Kunden hiermit zu beliefern.

 

The Exclusivity Period II shall cease to apply in each individual case, if the Seller fails to confirm an order of Buyer in writing within one week with a delivery period of 8 (eight) weeks (non-binding). In the absence of such written confirmation by Seller the Exclusivity Period II shall terminate automatically after the expiry of one week upon receipt of the order by the Seller for the order affected in this particular case or for future orders of an individual project affected in this particular case (qualified with other material). By way of clarification, the Parties state that in these cases the Buyer is entitled to purchase another suitable product elsewhere and to supply such other product to the customers.

 

 

 

Das Entfallen der Verpflichtung zur Beachtung der Vorlaufzeit lässt die weiteren Verpflichtungen unter diesem Kooperationsvertrag im Übrigen unberührt

 

Any termination of the obligation to observe an Exclusivity Period does not affect the other obligations under this Cooperation Agreement

 

6


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

5.1.4       Neuverpackung und Umetikettierung

 

5.1.4       Repackaging and relabeling

 

 

 

Der Käufer steht dafür ein und stellt sicher, dass die neuverpackten Produkte die gleiche Qualität und Reinheit aufweisen wie zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Lieferung durch den Verkäufer. Lagerzeitbedingte Veränderungen der Produkte sind hiervon ausgenommen. Die vom Verkäufer verwendeten Etiketten müssen dem Industriestandard und allen geltenden Gesetzen und Vorschriften entsprechen.

 

Buyer warrants and ensures that repackaged Products have the same quality and purity as at the time of delivery by Seller, except for changes to the Product resulting from storage. All labels used by the Seller shall comply with the industry standard and with all applicable laws and regulations.

 

 

 

5.1.5       Weitere Liefervereinbarungen

 

5.1.5       Further supply agreements

 

 

 

Soweit in diesem Kooperationsvertrag keine anderen Regelungen getroffen sind, gelten für alle Lieferungen des Verkäufer an den Käufer die Allgemeinen Verkaufs- und Lieferbedingungen des Verkäufers („AGB-V”), die diesem Kooperationsvertrag als Anlage 3 beigefügt sind. Es gelten dieselben Änderungen wie in Ziffer 5.2 aufgeführt.

 

Unless otherwise set forth in this Cooperation Agreement, all deliveries made by the Seller to the Buyer shall be subject to Seller’s general terms and conditions of sale and delivery (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery”) set out in Annex 3 hereto. The changes set forth in section 5.2 below shall apply accordingly.

 

 

 

5.2.         Liefervereinbarungen fur Buchnamenprodukte

 

5.2.         Delivery of Book Name Products

 

 

 

Andere Produkte des Verkäufers als das Produkt werden an den Käufer grundsätzlich gemäß den AGB-V verkauft.

 

The sale of any products other than the Product shall be subject to the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery.

 

 

 

Folgende Veränderungen zu den AGB-V werden vereinbart:

 

The Parties agree on the following changes to the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery:

 

 

 

3.1. Die Lieferung der Buchnamenprodukte erfolgen CIP (Incoterms 2010) an den von den Parteien jeweils vereinbarten Lieferort.

 

3.1. Book Name Products shall be delivered CIP (Incoterms 2010) to the location agreed-upon by the Parties.

 

 

 

Folgende Regelungen finden keine Anwendung:

 

The following provisions shall not be applicable:

 

 

 

3.6. der AGB-V wird gestrichen
4.2. der AGB-V wird gestrichen
6.10. der AGB-V wird gestrichen
6.11. der AGB-V wird gestrichen
13. Der AGB-V wird gestrichen
15.2., 2. Halbsatz der AGB-V wird gestrichen.

 

Section 3.6 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted, section 4.2 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted, section 6.10 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted, section 6.11 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted, section 13 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted, and the second sentence of section 15.2 of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be deleted.

 

7


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Folgende Regelungen der AGB-V werden geändert:

 

The following provisions of the Seller’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale and Delivery shall be amended:

 

 

 

„11. Höhere Gewalt” wird ersetzt mit Ziffer 10 „Force Majeure” dieses Kooperationsvertrags.

 

“11. Force Majeure” shall be replaced with clause 10. “Force Majeure” of this Cooperation Agreement.

 

 

 

6.            Liefer- und Zahlungsbedingungen für das Produkt

 

6.            Terms of Delivery of and Payment for the Product

 

 

 

Die Lieferungen erfolgen CIP (Incoterms 2010) an den von den Parteien jeweils vereinbarten Lieferort.

 

All deliveries shall be made CIP (Incoterms 2010) to the location agreed-upon by the Parties.

 

 

 

Zahlungen werden durch Bankeinzug netto geleistet.

 

All payments shall be made net by direct debit.

 

 

 

7.            Eigenschaften des Produkts

 

7.            Characteristics of the Product

 

 

 

Als vereinbarte Eigenschaft des jeweiligen Produktes gilt die für das jeweilige Produkt in Anlage 4 beigefügte Spezifikation.

 

The agreed upon characteristics of the Product are set forth in the specifications attached hereto as Annex 4.

 

 

 

8.            Gewährleistung

 

8.            Warranty

 

 

 

Der Verkäufer gewährleistet ausschließlich die Einhaltung der in Anlage 4 beigefügten Spezifikationen.

 

The Seller warrants solely that the Product delivered shall conform to the specifications set out in Annex 4.

 

 

 

Eine weitere Gewährleistung, wie z.B. die Eignung der Produkte für einen bestimmten Zweck oder deren Freiheit von Schutzrechten Dritter für einen bestimmten Zweck gibt der Verkäufer nicht. Entsprechen die gelieferten Produkte nicht den Spezifikationen, sind sie mangelhaft im Sinne des Gewährleistungsrechts. Der Käufer kann in diesem Fall als Nacherfüllung die Lieferung mangelfreier Produkte verlangen. Schlägt die Nacherfüllung fehl, kann der Käufer wahlweise den Kaufpreis mindern oder vom Vertrag zurücktreten.

 

The Seller disclaims any and all other express or implied warranties, such as fitness for a specific purpose, or that the Product is free from third-party intellectual property rights when using it for a specific purpose. If the Product delivered is not in compliance with the specifications, it shall be deemed to be defective pursuant to the Warranty Laws of Germany (Gewährleistungsrecht). In this case, Buyer has the right to claim delivery of non-defective Product. If Seller fails deliver a non-defective Product, Buyer shall have the right to either reduce the purchase price or rescind the respective purchase agreement.

 

 

 

Der Verkäufer haftet nicht für entgangenen Gewinn.

 

The Seller shall not be liable for lost profit.

 

 

 

9.            Haftung

 

9.            Liability

 

 

 

Der Verkäufer haftet gemäß den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen bei fahrlässigem und vorsätzlichem Handeln, jedoch mit der Maßgabe, dass die Haftung von Verkäufer aus oder im Zusammenhang mit diesem Kooperationsvertrag unabhängig vom Rechtsgrund (vorvertraglich, vertraglich, a ußervertraglich und einschließlich im Falle der

 

The Seller shall be liable for negligent or intentional acts in accordance with the statutory provisions but subject to the condition that the Seller’s liability arising from or in connection with this Cooperation Agreement (whether precontractual, contractual, non-contractual and for delivery of defective Products) per calendar year shall be limited as follows: 50%

 

8


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Lieferung eines mangelhaften Produkts) wie folgt begrenzt ist: pro Kalenderjahr auf 50 % des Umsatzes, den Verkäufer im entsprechenden Kalenderjahr mit Lieferungen gemäß diesem Kooperationsvertrag an den Käufer erzielt hat. Die Beschränkung gilt für die Gesamthaftung von Verkäufer für sämtliche Schäden, die während des entsprechenden Kalenderjahres eingetreten sind.

 

of Seller’s turnover resulting from sales to Buyer pursuant to this Cooperation Agreement in such calendar year. Said limitation shall apply to Seller’s total liability for all damages incurred in the respective calendar year.

 

 

 

Diese Haftungsbeschränkungen gelten nicht für Schadensersatzansprüche des Käufers (i) wegen vom Verkäufer vorsätzlich verursachter Schäden, (ii) wegen Verletzung von Leben, Körper oder Gesundheit (iii) nach dem Produkthaftungsgesetz oder anderen zwingenden gesetzlichen Vorschriften oder (iv) wegen arglistig verschwiegener Mängel.

 

Said limitation shall not apply to claims raised by Buyer (i) for damages intentionally caused by Seller, (ii) in case of injury to life, body or health (iii) under the Product Liability Act of Germany (Produkthaftungsgesetz) or other mandatory laws, or (iv) due to defects fraudulently concealed by Seller.

 

 

 

10.          Force Majeure

 

10.          Force Majeure

 

 

 

Ist eine der Parteien im Falle von höherer Gewalt, wie zum Beispiel Mobilmachung, Krieg, Terrorismus, Aufruhr, Naturkatastrophen, Feuer oder anderer unvorhersehbarer und nicht von einer Partei zu vertretende Umstände, wie zum Beispiel Streik oder rechtmäßige Aussperrung, Betriebs- oder Transportstörungen oder Rohstoffbeschaffungsschwierigkeiten, an der Erfüllung der vertraglichen Verpflichtung gehindert, verlängern sich die Fristen für die Erfüllung der vertraglichen Verpflichtung jeweils um die Dauer der Behinderung zuzüglich einer angemessenen Anlauffrist.

 

If a force majeure event including mobilization, war, act of terrorism, civil unrest, natural disaster, fire or any other unforeseeable event beyond the control of either Party such as strike or lawful lockout, disruption to operation, transportation or the supply of raw materials prevents either Party from fulfilling its obligations under this Cooperation Agreement, the deadlines for fulfilling such obligations shall be extended by the duration of such force majeure event plus a reasonable warm-up period.

 

 

 

11.          Verjährung

 

11.          Statute of Limitations

 

 

 

Ansprüche aus diesem Kooperationsvertrag verjähren innerhalb von 18 Monaten nach Fälligkeit.

 

The statute of limitations for claims raised under this Cooperation Agreement shall be 18 (eighteen) months from the date on which they fall due.

 

 

 

Ansprüche unter den einzelnen Kaufverträgen verjähren innerhalb von 18 Monaten nach Gefahrübergang.

 

The statute of limitations for claims raised under any of the purchase agreements shall be 18 (eighteen) months from transfer of risks.

 

 

 

12.          Laufzeit und Kündigung des Kooperationsvertrags

 

12.          Term and Termination

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag tritt am 1. Januar 2019 in Kraft und hat eine feste Laufzeit bis zum 31. Dezember 2021.

 

This Cooperation Agreement shall become effective retroactively on January 1, 2019 and shall have a fixed term until December 31, 2021.

 

 

 

Wird der Kooperationsvertrag nicht von einer der Parteien mit einer Frist von mindestens 6 Monaten zum Ende der Festlaufzeit gekündigt,

 

If the Cooperation Agreement is not terminated by one of the Parties with a notice period of at least 6 months at the end of the fixed term, it

 

9


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

verlängert er sich automatisch um ein Jahr, und danach Jahr für Jahr und kann von jeder Partei mit einer Frist von 6 Monaten zum Jahresende gekündigt werden. Die Verpflichtung zur Beachtung von Vorlaufzeit I und II endet jedoch spätestens am 31. Dezember 2021.

 

shall be automatically renewed for one year and then year after year, and may be terminated by either Party with a notice period of 6 months to the end of the year. However, the obligation to comply with the Exclusivity Period I and II will end no later than December 31, 2021.

 

 

 

13.          Geheimhaltung

 

13.          Confidentiality

 

 

 

Die Bestimmungen der Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung gelten auch für die Zusammenarbeit der Parteien nach dieser Kooperationsvereinbarung. Hiervon ausgenommen sind jedoch Offenlegungs-oder Mitteilungspflichten der Parteien aufgrund gesetzlicher Vorschriften, behördlicher Anordnung oder aufgrund von Börsenregularien, wobei jedoch die offenlegende bzw. mitteilende Partei —soweit gesetzlich zulässig — zur vorherigen Konsultation mit der anderen Partei verpflichtet ist.

 

The provisions of the Confidentiality Agreement shall apply to the cooperation between the Parties under this Cooperation Agreement as well, except that - if and to the extent a Party is required by law, administrative order or by applicable stock exchange regulations to disclose the existence and/or the content of this Cooperation Agreement or make an announcement — it may do so after first consulting with the other Party.

 

 

 

Ziffer 2.1 der Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung wird dahingehend geändert, dass die Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung während der Laufzeit dieser Kooperationsvereinbarung gilt.

 

Section 2.1 of the Confidentiality Agreement shall be amended in a way that the Confidentiality Agreement shall remain in effect for the term of this Cooperation Agreement.

 

 

 

Ziffer 2.2 der Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung wird dahingehend geändert, dass die Verpflichtung zur Geheimhaltung 5 (fünf) Jahre nach Beendigung des KPooperationsvertrages endet.

 

Section 2.2 of the Confidentiality Agreement shall be amended in a way that the confidentiality obligation shall continue to apply for a period of 5 (five) years after this Cooperation Agreement has been terminated.

 

 

 

Die vorstehenden Anpassungen von Ziffer 2 der Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung gelten auch für Informationen im Sinne von Ziffer 1.1 der Geheimhaltungsvereinbarung, von denen eine Partei während der Laufzeit der Bisherigen Rahmenvereinbarung Kenntnis erlangt hat.

 

Said amendments to section 2 of the Confidentiality Agreement shall apply to information specified in section 1.1 of the Confidentiality Agreement, information of which either Party gained knowledge during the term of the Current Framework Supply Agreement as well.

 

 

 

14.          Anwendbares Recht / Gerichtsstand

 

14.          Applicable Law / Venue

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag unterliegt dem Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland unter Ausschluss des UN-Kaufrechts.

 

This Cooperation Agreement is subject to the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany under exclusion of the CISG.

 

 

 

Ausschließlicher Gerichtsstand für beide Parteien ist München.

 

The exclusive venue for both Parties shall be Munich, Germany.

 

 

 

15.          Salvatorische Klausel /Schriftformerfordernis /Zweisprachigkeit

 

15.          Severability / Requirement of the Written Form / Two Language Versions

 

 

 

Der Kooperationsvertrag enthält alle Vereinbarungen der Parteien über den Vertragsgegenstand, Nebenabreden bestehen nicht. Sollten einzelne Bestimmungen dieses

 

This Cooperation Agreement constitutes the whole agreement between the Parties regarding the subject matter hereof. No side agreements have been made. Should any

 

10


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Kooperationsvertrags unwirksam oder nichtig sein, so sollen sie die Wirksamkeit der übrigen Klauseln nicht berühren.

 

provision of this Cooperation Agreement be or become invalid or void, the validity of the remainder of the provisions of this Cooperation Agreement shall remain unaffected.

 

 

 

Änderungen dieses Kooperationsvertrags, auch dieses Schriftformerfordernisses, müssen schriftlich erfolgen. Für Änderungen der Anlage 1 ist eine Einigung per E-Mail ausreichend.

 

Changes to this Cooperation Agreement, including to the requirement of the written form, must be made in writing to become effective. Changes to Annex 1 hereto can be agreed upon by e-mail.

 

 

 

Dieser Vertrag wird zweisprachig (auf deutsch und englisch) ausgefertigt. Im Falle von Widersprüchen zwischen der deutschen und der englischen Version ist der deutsche Wortlaut dieses Vertrags maßgeblich.

 

This Cooperation Agreement is provided in two language versions (German and English). In case of conflict between the German and the English version, the German version shall prevail.

 

11


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Muchen, den 3/28/2019

 

Munich, (date) 3/28/2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Christian Gimber

 

/s/ Christian Gimber

Christian Gimber

 

Christian Gimber

Vice President, Engineering Silicones

 

Vice President, Engineering Silicones

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Julia Henn

 

/s/ Julia Henn

Julia Henn

 

Julia Henn

Director, Industrial Solutions

 

Director, Industrial Solutions

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wacker Chemie AG

 

Wacker Chemie AG

vertreten durch

 

represented by

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schwarzenbruck, den 4/8/2019

 

Schwarzenbruck, (date) 4/8/2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

Via optronics GmbH

 

Via optronics GmbH

vertreten durch

 

represented by

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

 

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

Jürgen Eichner
Geschaftsfuhrer

 

Daniel Jürgens
Geschaftsfuhrer

 

Jürgen Eichner
Managing Director

 

Daniel Jürgens
Managing Director

 

12


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Anlage 1:

 

Annex 1:

 

 

 

Kundenliste

 

List of Customers

 

13


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Anlage 2:
Preis: [***] EUR/KG
Alle Preise verstehen sich als Netto-Preise.

 

Verpackung: 180KG FASS
Unverbindliche Lieferzeit: 56 Tage
Mindestliefermange: [***] kg A + [***] kg B
Zahlungsbedingung: Durch Bankeinzug netto
Lieferbedingung (Incoterms® 2010): CIP Nürnberg

 

Annex 2:
Price: EUR [***]/kg
All prices are net.

 

Packaging: 180 kg barrels
Non-binding delivery period: 56 days
Minimum volume delivered: [***] kg of A and [***] kg of B
Terms of payment: net, by direct debit
Terms of delivery (Incoterms® 2010): CIP Nuremberg

 

 

 

Preisgültigkeit: 01.01.2019 bis 31.12.2019

 

Prices valid: from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019

 

14


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Anlage 3:

 

Annex 3:

 

 

 

Allgemeinen Verkaufsbedingungen Wacker Chemie AG (umseitig angehängt)

 

Seller’s General Terms of Sale and Delivery (enclose hereto)

 

15


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Anlage 4:

 

Spezifikation [***]

A-Komponente: [***]

Viskosität B-Komponente: [***]

Topfzeit: [***]
Penetration: [***]
Trübungswert A-Komponente: [***]

Trübungswert B-Komponente: [***]

Farbbeurteilung: [***]

 

Annex 4:

 

Specification [***]
Viscosity A: [***]
Viscosity B: [***]
Pot Life: [***]
Penetration: [***]
Turbidity A: [***]
Turbidity B: [***]
yellowing: [***]

 

16


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Anlage 1

 

17


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

VIA optronics - Kundenliste (existing und potential), Stand 10/2018

 

APAC / JAPAN

 

Quanta, Desay, Coretronic, Younglighting. HP, Dell, Wacom, Sharp, BOE, Tianma, Heesung, Magneti Marelli, Samsung Electronics, Samsung Display, LG Display, AUO, Innolux, GIS, Wistron, Compal, Inventec, Pegatron, Qisda, BenQ, Aopen, TPV, TPK, Intel, ELO Touch, Alpine, Clarion, Pioneer, Mutto, DongShan Group, BOSCH, Delphi, HSAE, Nippon Seiki, Sound, Promate, Mildex, Esload, TOA, Lenovo, Dataimage, ELK, Ponda, Panasonic Automotive, Panasonic Industrial, Panasonic Avionics, Panasonic Toughbook, Google, Cisco, SMK Japan, Fujitsu NB, ACER / ASUS, Diebold Nixdorf, Harman, BOEVx, Visteon, Yanfeng Visteon, Melco (Mitsubishi), Denso, Calsonic, JVC Kenwood, Yazaki, Aisin, Foryou, Flextronic, Johnson control, TSP, Faurecia, Philips, LGE, LGIT, Diva, Gene touch, Tokai Rika, Fujitsu TEN, Sharp, 0-film, Goworld, Truly, CPT, HengHao, LCFC, KTC, HKC, Foxconn, JDI, EIH, CPT, Giantplus

 

NAFTA

 

Aptiv, Honeywell, Innovative, Global PMX, Ametek, L-3, Avasure, Gables, Gateworks, Harman, Methode, Xplore, John Deere, Caterpillar, lectronic Solutions, Johnson Outdoors, Visteon, ELO Touch, Panasonic Avionics, Panasonic Automotive, Amazon, Apple, Thales, Karma, Lucid, Fisker, Garmin, Nvidia, Fluke, GE, Diebold Nixdorf, Ennovation, Microsoft, Trimble Navigation, Navico, UICO, 3M

 

EMEA

 

Delphi, Continental, AES Aircraft, Berliner Glas, Data-Modul, Eaton Gecma, Eizo Technologies GmbH, Graf-Syteco, IAV, ifm, iQor Global Services Poland, Kitron, Kongsberg, Lang AG, LCDis, Liebherr, Moba Mobile, MSC Technologies, Phoenix Contact, Rafi, Rohde&Schwarz, Rutronik, Tonfunk, WIKO, Methode, ZF/TRW, Methode, Valeo, Magneti Marelli (Italy/France), LGE Germany, Panasonic automotive, VW, AUDI, BMW, VOLVO, ABB, Barco, BMG MIS, BSH Bosch Siemens Hausgeräte, Cisco, CLAAS, Deutsche Bahn, Deutsche Telekom, Diebold Nixdorf, Dräger, EADS, Eizo Europe, Esterline (Belgium), General Electric, GE Medical, Innogy, JCDecaux, JosephDigitalSolutions, NCR, Scheidt&Bachmann, Schneider Electric, Schott AG, Siemens AG, Siemens Healthineers, Ströer, Solarview, Thales, Vectron, Vosloh, Webasto, Harman, YAZAKI, ARRIVAL UK

 

18



EX-10.3 3 filename3.htm

Exhibit 10.3

 

Execution Version

 

INVESTMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of March 7, 2019 by and between VIA optronics AG, a German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft), with business address at Sieboldstraße 18, 80411 Nuremberg, Germany (“VIA”), VIA Optronics GmbH, a German private limited company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung), with business address at Lettenfeldstraße 15, 90592 Schwarzenbruck, Germany (“VIA GmbH”) and Corning Research & Development Corporation, a Delaware corporation, with business address at One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, New York 14831, USA (“Corning”).

 

WHEREAS, concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, VIA GmbH and Corning Automotive Glass Solutions (Hefei) Co., Ltd. are entering into each of that certain Long Term Supply Agreement and Manufacturing Services Agreement and VIA GmbH and Corning Auto Glass Solutions LLC are entering into that certain Development Agreement (collectively, the “Commercial Agreements”);

 

WHEREAS, VIA is organized in the legal form of the German stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) and is in the process of becoming duly registered in the commercial register of the Local Court of Nuremberg. The registered share capital of VIA amounts to EUR 100,000 and is divided into 100,000 non-par value shares (nennwertlose Stückaktien). On the date hereof, no authorized capital and no conditional capital exist for VIA. The registered share capital of VIA is owned as follows:

 

Name of shareholder

 

Number of non-par
value shares

 

Percentage

 

Coöperatief IMI Europe U.A. (“IMI”)

 

76,000

 

76

%

Mr. Jürgen Eichner (“Mr. Eichner”)

 

24,000

 

24

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

100,000

 

100

%

 

WHEREAS, VIA GmbH is registered in the commercial register of the Local Court of Nuremberg under HRB 22650. The share capital of VIA GmbH amounts to EUR 73,327 and is as of the date hereof owned as follows:

 

Name of shareholder

 

Nominal amount of
shares in EUR

 

Percentage

 

IMI

 

16,584

 

 

 

 

 

1,711

 

 

 

 

 

5,132

 

 

 

 

 

13,150

 

 

 

 

 

3,500

 

 

 

 

 

15,652

 

 

 

Subtotal:

 

55,729

 

76

%

Mr. Eichner

 

17,598

 

24

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

73,327

 

100

%

 

1


 

WHEREAS, IMI and Mr. Eichner will contribute and transfer in due course, but in any case prior to the consummation of the IPO, the respective shares in VIA GmbH in the course of a capital increase in kind of VIA to VIA (“Capital Increase”). Following the consummation of the Capital Increase, (i) VIA will become the sole shareholder of VIA GmbH and (ii) IMI and Mr. Eichner will increase the number of shares owned by each of them on a pro rata basis so that IMI continues to own 76% of the shares in VIA and Mr. Eichner 24% of the shares in VIA.

 

WHEREAS, VIA GmbH owns

 

·                  100% the shares in the following companies

 

·                  VIA optronics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of China, with its seat in Suzhou, China, and unified social credit number 91320505576725426F, with a registered share capital in the nominal amount of EUR 4,700,000;

 

·                  VIA optronics LLC, a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Oregon, registered with the Division of Corporations of the state of Oregon under the registration number 587590-94, with a registered share capital in the nominal amount of USD 2,305,000; and

 

·                  VIA optronics (Taiwan) Ltd., a company duly established and existing under the laws of Taiwan, with its registered seat in Taipei, Taiwan, and registration number 50907057, and a total share capital in the amount of TWD 5,000,000;

 

·                  65% of the shares in VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., a company duly organized and existing under the laws of Japan, with registered seat in Shiga, Japan, and a total share capital in the nominal amount of JPY 324,970,770, of which JPY 211,231,000 have been paid up.

 

WHEREAS, VIA collectively with VIA GmbH and all the aforementioned companies is hereinafter referred to as “Group Companies” and each such company individually as “Group Company”.

 

WHEREAS, VIA is anticipating undertaking an initial underwritten public offering (the “IPO”) that is registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “U.S. Securities Act”), of American Depositary Shares (the “ADSs”) representing VIA’s ordinary shares, with notional value €1.00 per share (the “Ordinary Shares”), and, in connection with the IPO, to list the ADSs for trading on the New York Stock Exchange;

 

WHEREAS, the ADSs will be issued pursuant to a deposit agreement (the “Deposit Agreement”) among VIA, Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary (the “Depositary”), and holders and beneficial owners from time to time of the American Depositary Receipts issued by the Depositary and evidencing the ADSs;

 

2


 

WHEREAS, Corning desires to subscribe for and purchase from VIA, and VIA desires to issue, sell and transfer to Corning, in a transaction exempt from registration under the U.S. Securities Act and other applicable securities laws, ADSs at the purchase price per ADS specified in this Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above, which is prior to the date on which the registration statement on Form F-1 relating to the offering and sale of ADSs in the IPO has been declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”);

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereby agree as follows:

 

Section 1.                                           Purchase and Sale of the Corning Shares. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, at the Closing (as defined in Section 2), VIA agrees to issue, sell and transfer to Corning, free and clear of any pledges, encumbrances, attachments or other third-party rights, and Corning agrees to subscribe for and purchase from VIA, the number of ADSs (the “Corning Shares”) equal to that number, rounded down to the nearest whole number, which is obtained by dividing (x) USD 20,000,000.00 (the “Purchase Amount”) by (y) the purchase price per ADS sold to Corning (the “Purchase Price”). The Purchase Price is equal to the price obtained by multiplying (a) the price per ADS sold to the public in the IPO as set forth on the cover of the Final Prospectus (as defined in Section 3.7) by (b) 95%.

 

Section 2.                                           Closing. The closing of the purchase and sale of the Corning Shares (the “Closing”) shall take place concurrently with the initial closing of the IPO (the “Closing Date”) and remotely via the exchange of documents and signatures, or at such physical location as may be agreed upon by VIA and Corning, after the satisfaction or waiver of each of the conditions set forth in Section 6 and Section 7 (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the fulfillment or waiver of those conditions).

 

2.1.                            VIA’s Obligations at Closing. At the Closing, VIA (i) shall issue, sell and transfer, or cause to be issued, sold and transferred, to Corning ADSs in the amount representing the number of Corning Shares, as determined pursuant to Section 1, by corresponding increase of VIA’s registered share capital with respect to the Ordinary Shares represented by such ADSs, and (ii) shall exclusively admit or cause to be exclusively admitted Corning to subscribe for and purchase ADSs in the amount representing the number of Corning Shares, as determined pursuant to Section 1.

 

2.2.                            Corning’s Obligations at Closing. At the Closing, only after VIA has fulfilled its obligations as set forth in Section 2.1, Corning (i) shall subscribe for and purchase ADSs in the amount representing the number of Corning Shares, as determined pursuant to Section 1, by executing two (2) subscription declarations pursuant to and as required by § 185 German Stock Corporation Act with respect to the Ordinary Shares represented by such ADSs and shall deliver the executed subscription declarations to VIA, and (ii) shall pay to VIA an amount equal to the nominal amount of the Corning Shares (the “Capital Contribution”) in the form of a wire transfer in the currency Euro in immediately available funds to a bank account designated in writing by VIA at least two Business Days before the Closing Date.

 

2.3.                            VIA’s Obligations after the Closing. Following Corning’s fulfillment of its obligations as set forth in Section 2.2, VIA shall take all actions reasonably necessary to complete the issuance, sale and transfer of the Corning Shares to Corning, including, without limitation, (i) filing of the corresponding increase of VIA’s registered share capital to the competent commercial register and (ii) delivery to Corning or its nominee of instruments of transfer and evidence of ownership of the Corning Shares in accordance with the provisions of the Deposit Agreement. After the capital increase of VIA for the creation of the Corning Shares has been duly recorded in the commercial register of the

 

3


 

Local Court of Nuremberg, VIA shall send a copy of a certified excerpt from the commercial register evidencing the occurrence of such registration to Corning.

 

2.4.                            Corning’s Obligations after the Closing. Within a period of three (3) Business Days following the receipt of the excerpt from the commercial register pursuant to Section 2.3 by Corning, Corning shall pay to VIA an amount equal to the Purchase Amount minus the amount of the Capital Contribution (converted into USD on the basis of the applicable USD/EUR exchange rate as published by the Wall Street Journal Europe at 11.00 am (German time) on the website “wsj.com” on the date of payment of the Contribution Amount to VIA) (the “Share Premium Payment”) in the form of a wire transfer in US dollars in immediately available funds to a bank account designated in writing by VIA at least three (3) Business Days before such payment becomes due. If Corning fails to make the Share Premium Payment pursuant to this Section 2.4 by the date required and within a further grace period of five (5) Business Days after a respective written notice by VIA, Corning shall be obliged, upon request of VIA, to transfer the Corning Shares subscribed by it to VIA or to VIA’s designee in return for reimbursement of the respective Capital Contribution. The Share Premium Payment shall be booked as an additional contribution (sonstige Zuzahlung) by Corning to the free capital reserves of VIA pursuant to Section 272(2) No. 4 of the German Commercial Code (HGB). It is hereby clarified that the payment obligation of Corning pursuant to Section 2.4 shall be considered as a voluntary share premium (schuldrechtliches Agio) and not as a corporative share premium (korporatives Agio).

 

Section 3.                                           Representations and Warranties of VIA. VIA represents and warrants to Corning by way of an independent guarantee irrespective of fault in the meaning of § 311 German Civil Code that the statements in Section 3.1 through Section 3.18 are true and correct as of the date hereof, except for the statements set forth in Sections 3.2, 3.4, 3.7 and 3.12, which will be true and correct as of the respective dates and event(s) referenced therein, (the “VIA Guarantees”), whereby the VIA Guarantees in Section 3.1 through Section 3.4 and Sections 3.11 and 3.12 are considered as “VIA Fundamental Guarantees”:

 

3.1.                            Organization. VIA is a stock corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Germany and has all requisite corporate power and authority to own and lease its properties, to carry on its business as presently conducted and as proposed to be conducted by it and to carry out the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. VIA is duly qualified as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in all such jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that any failure to be so qualified would not materially and adversely affect the financial condition, results of operations, assets or liabilities of VIA.

 

3.2.                            Capitalization. Immediately prior to the Closing and without giving effect to the IPO or the issuance of the Corning Shares, the sole holders and beneficial owners of VIA’s outstanding share capital are the persons set forth in the Preamble.

 

3.3.                            Authorization of this Agreement. The execution, delivery and performance by VIA of this Agreement as well as the issuance of the Corning Shares by VIA have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action of VIA. VIA has duly authorized, executed and delivered this Agreement, and this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of VIA, enforceable in accordance with its terms (except as enforceability may be limited by (x) applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium and similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (y) general equitable principles). The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the issuance and delivery of the Corning Shares, and compliance with the provisions hereof by VIA do not and will not, with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice or both, violate, conflict with or result in any breach of any of the terms, conditions or provisions of, or constitute a default (or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation or acceleration) under, or result in the creation of any lien, security interest, charge or encumbrance upon any of the properties

 

4


 

or assets of VIA or the articles of association of VIA (collectively, the “Organizational Documents”), or any provision of law, statute, rule or regulation or any ruling, writ, injunction, order, judgment or decree of any court, administrative agency or other governmental body naming VIA.

 

3.4.                            Corning Shares. The Corning Shares, at the time the corresponding increase of VIA’s registered share capital has been registered with the commercial register, will be (i) validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable, (ii) not subject to preemptive or any other similar rights of the shareholders of VIA or others, and (iii) be free and clear of any pledges, encumbrances, attachments or other third-party rights.

 

3.5.                            No Governmental Consent or Approval Required. No authorization, consent, approval or other order of, declaration to, or filing with, any governmental agency or body is required to be made or obtained by VIA for or in connection with the valid and lawful authorization, execution and delivery by VIA of this Agreement or for or in connection with the valid and lawful authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Corning Shares, except any filings and registrations to be made under the German Stock Corporation Act in connection with the issuance of the Corning Shares and exempted filings under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws, which are not required to be made until after the Closing and which shall be made on a timely basis.

 

3.6.                            Financial Statements. The audited consolidated financial statements of VIA GmbH for the fiscal year 2017 ending December 31, 2017 and the unaudited consolidated financial statements of VIA GmbH for the fiscal year 2018 ending December 31, 2018, attached as Annex 3.6, were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as of the relevant date and fairly present in all material aspects the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Group Companies as of the relevant date. VIA shall provide the audited consolidated financial statements of VIA GmbH for the fiscal year 2018 ending December 31, 2018 prior to the Closing Date to Corning and such audited consolidated financial statements will replace the unaudited consolidated financial statements of VIA GmbH for 2018 for purposes of the VIA Guarantee set forth in this Section 3.6.

 

3.7.                            Registration Statement. The Registration Statement, as of the date when it is declared effective by the SEC, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and as of such date will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The preliminary prospectus contained in the Registration Statement as of the date hereof does not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they are made, not misleading. The Final Prospectus, (A) at the time of filing of the Final Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the U.S. Securities Act and (B) on the Closing Date, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading. “Registration Statement” means the registration statement of VIA on Form F-1, as amended, including any prospectus filed and to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the U.S. Securities Act, and any free writing prospectuses, relating to the IPO. “Final Prospectus” means the prospectus forming part of the Registration Statement which VIA shall file pursuant to Rule 424 under the U.S. Securities Act that discloses the public offering price, other information included pursuant to Rule 430A under the U.S. Securities Act and other final terms of the Ordinary Shares and the ADSs and otherwise satisfies Section 10(a) of the U.S. Securities Act.

 

3.8.                            Non-Contravention. The Group Companies are not in violation or default in any material respect of any provision of the Organizational Documents or of any instrument, judgment, order, writ or decree to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or, to the Knowledge of VIA, of any provision of any statute, rule or regulation applicable to any Group Companies. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions

 

5


 

contemplated hereby will not result in any material violation or constitute, with or without the passage of time and giving of notice, either (i) a default in any material respect of any such instrument, judgment, order, writ or decree or (ii) an event that results in the creation of any material lien, charge or encumbrance upon any material assets of any of the Group Companies or the suspension, revocation, impairment, forfeiture, or nonrenewal of any material permit, license, or authorization applicable to any of the Group Companies.

 

3.9.                            No Registration. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Corning in Section 4, the offering, issuance and sale of the Corning Shares to Corning is exempt from registration requirements under the U.S. Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof.

 

3.10.                     Investment Company Act. VIA is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the ADSs in the IPO and the Corning Shares pursuant hereto and the application of the proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company” as defined in the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

3.11.                     Organization, Authority and Qualification of the Group Companies.

 

(a)                                 Each Group Company is a legal entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concepts are recognized under applicable law) under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite corporate power and authority to own and lease its properties, to carry on its business as presently conducted and as proposed to be conducted by such Group Company and to carry out the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

(b)                                 Each Group Company is in good standing in all such jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that any failure to be so qualified would not materially and adversely affect the consolidated financial condition, results of operations, assets or liabilities of the Group Companies.

 

(c)                                  There are no current insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation or similar proceedings in respect of any of the Group Companies and no such proceedings have been threatened in writing against any of the Group Companies as of the Signing Date, and, to the Knowledge of VIA, no event has occurred which, under applicable law, would be reasonably likely to require or justify the commencement of or application for such proceedings.

 

(d)                                 The organizational documents of each Group Company are in full force and effect and no Group Company is in material violation of any of the provisions of its organizational documents.

 

3.12.                     Capitalization; Ownership.

 

(a)                                 The statements in the Preamble regarding the ownership in the shares of the Group Companies are true and correct. As of Closing, VIA will be the sole shareholder of VIA GmbH.

 

(b)                                 There are no options, warrants, convertible securities, or other rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments relating to the capital of any of the Group Companies obligating any of the Group Companies to issue or sell, or make payments with respect to, the capital of any of the Group Companies.

 

(c)                                  All shares in any of the Group Companies are (i) validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable, (ii) not subject to preemptive or any other similar rights of the shareholders of VIA or others, and (iii) are free and clear of any pledges, encumbrances, attachments or other third-party rights.

 

6


 

(d)                                 The contributions towards the shares in the Group Companies have been fully paid up and have not been repaid in whole or in part. There are no obligations of any of the shareholders in any of the Group Companies to make additional contributions or subsidiary payments or to refund any amounts paid.

 

(e)                                  The current articles of association of the Group Companies are included in Annex 3.12(e). No shareholders’ resolutions have been adopted which change or modify the articles of association of the Group Companies.

 

(f)                                   None of the Group Companies own any shares or participation in any other company or legal entity (other than the Group Companies) and none of the Group Companies has entered into the obligation to acquire such shares or participation.

 

(g)                                  No Group Company is party to any enterprise agreements within the meaning of §§ 291, 292 of the German Stock Corporation Act, any silent partnership agreements, or any similar agreements which would entitle a third party to participate in the profits or revenues or to exercise control of any of the Group Companies.

 

3.13.                     Litigation. Except as set forth in Annex 3.13, as of the Signing Date, none of the Group Companies is involved in any lawsuit, arbitration, administrative or other proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of VIA, threatened by or against it before any state court, arbitration tribunal or governmental agency.

 

3.14.                     Compliance with Laws.

 

(a)                                 Since their organization, the Group Companies have conducted their business and have used their assets in accordance in all material respects with all applicable material laws (including applicable laws regulating competition) and governmental orders applicable to the Group Companies and none of the Group Companies is in material violation of any such laws (including applicable laws regulating competition) or such governmental orders and no event has occurred or exists that (with or without notice or lapse of time) would constitute or result in a material violation of any such laws or such governmental orders. There is no outstanding governmental order imposed upon any of the Group Companies or any of their respective assets that would have or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect.

 

(b)                                 None of the Group Companies or, to the Knowledge of VIA, none of their directors, officers or employees acting on behalf of any of the Group Companies have used any corporate or other funds for unlawful contributions, payments, gifts, or entertainment, or made any unlawful expenditures relating to political activity to government officials to assist any of the Group Companies in obtaining or retaining business or to other persons or established or maintained any unlawful funds or funds unrecorded in the books of any of the Group Companies, in each case which results in a violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any other applicable anti-bribery/anti-corruption law. To the Knowledge of VIA, none of the Group Companies have accepted or received any contributions, payments, gifts or expenditures in violation of applicable law.

 

(c)                                  The Group Companies have reasonable procedures to ensure that the officers, directors and employees of the Group Companies comply with applicable anti-corruption law.

 

(d)                                 None of the Group Companies or, to the Knowledge of VIA, none of its directors, officers or employees acting on behalf of any of the Group Companies is or has been the subject of any investigation, inquiry or enforcement proceedings by any governmental, administrative or regulatory body or any customer regarding any offence or alleged offence under applicable anti-corruption law, no such investigation, inquiry or proceedings are pending or have been threatened and there are no circumstances likely to give rise to any such material investigation, inquiry or proceedings.

 

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(e)                                  The Group Companies have complied in all material respects with all (employment) obligations towards the employees of the Group Companies applicable by law, collective agreements or individual agreements in all material respects.

 

3.15.                     Permits.

 

(a)                                 The Group Companies hold all material permits and other material public law approvals which are required under applicable law in order to operate and conduct their business as currently operated and conducted and all such permits and approvals are valid and subsisting in all material respects. As per the Signing Date, no such permit and other public law approval has been cancelled or revoked, and, to the Knowledge of VIA, no such cancellation or revocation has been threatened. The Group Companies conduct their respective business in compliance with all material provisions of such permits or public law approvals.

 

(b)                                 None of the Group Companies has received, has been granted or has applied for any state aids and subsidies.

 

3.16.                     Data and Privacy Protection.

 

(a)                                 Except as set forth in Annex 3.16(a), since their foundation each of the Group Companies has complied in all material respects with (i) all applicable laws concerning personal information, data security, cyber security, data privacy, (ii) its written privacy policies relating to the use, collection, storage, disclosure and transfer of any personal information and (iii) any contractual obligations that govern the use, collection, storage, disclosure and transfer of any personal information. No action is pending or, to the Knowledge of VIA, threatened against any of the Group Companies resulting from the collection, use, disclosure, protection or security of personal information by any Group Company.

 

(b)                                 The Group Companies have taken commercially reasonable steps to ensure that each third party that provides a Group Company with personal information has collected and provided that personal information in all material respects consistent with applicable laws, their own written privacy policies, and their usage and sharing rights.

 

(c)                                  Since their formation, to the Knowledge of VIA, the Group Companies have not suffered a security breach that has resulted in the loss of personal information.

 

3.17.                     Intellectual Property.

 

(a)                                 The intellectual property of the Group Companies, which includes for purposes of this Section 3.17 any software rights, together with the rights to use intellectual property pursuant to a contract providing for licenses of intellectual property from or to any of the Group Companies, excluding licenses to customers and end users granted in the ordinary course of business, constitutes all intellectual property that is used in or necessary for the conduct of the business of the Group Companies as currently conducted.

 

(b)                                 Except as set forth in Annex 3.17(b), no action is pending or, to the Knowledge of VIA, threatened against any of the Group Companies alleging infringement, violation, misappropriation or misuse by any of the Group Companies of any intellectual property of any person. To the Knowledge of VIA, the conduct of the business as currently conducted by the Group Companies does not infringe, violate, misappropriate or misuse any intellectual property of any person. To the Knowledge of VIA, none of the intellectual property of any of the Group Companies is infringed, violated, misused or misappropriated by any person.

 

3.18.                     Information in Data Room. VIA has compiled the information provided to Corning in the data room in good faith.

 

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3.19.                     Knowledge of VIA. “Knowledge of VIA” means (x) the actual knowledge of Jürgen Eichner (CEO) or Daniel Jürgens after due inquiry of their direct reports or (y) the actual knowledge of Jasmin Wörle (CMO), Christine Albert (Legal and Patents) or Howard Ho (GM-Suzhou).

 

Section 4.                                           Representations and Warranties of Corning. Corning represents and warrants to VIA by way of an independent guarantee irrespective of fault in the meaning of § 311 German Civil Code that the statements in Section 4.1 through Section 4.8 are true and correct as of the date hereof (the “Corning Guarantees”):

 

4.1.                            Purchase for Investment. Corning is acquiring the Corning Shares for its own account, for investment and not for, with a view to, or in connection with, any distribution or public offering thereof within the meaning of the U.S. Securities Act.

 

4.2.                            Unregistered Securities. Corning understands that the Corning Shares will not be certificated in one single share certificate available to Corning, but moreover, will be certificated, together with the other outstanding ADSs, in a global share certificate. Corning further understands that, except as provided in Section 5.3, the Corning Shares will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act or any U.S. state securities law, by reason of their issuance in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and such rules and regulations thereunder, that the Corning Shares must be held indefinitely unless they are subsequently registered under the U.S. Securities Act and such state securities laws or a subsequent disposition thereof is exempt from registration, and that appropriate stop transfer instructions may be issued with respect to the Corning Shares. Corning further understands that such exemption depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of Corning’s investment intent expressed herein.

 

4.3.                            Status of Investor. Corning has not been formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Corning Shares pursuant to this Agreement. Corning understands the term “accredited investor” as used in Regulation D promulgated under the U.S. Securities Act and represents and warrants to VIA that Corning is an “accredited investor” for purposes of acquiring the Corning Shares purchasable by it hereunder.

 

4.4.                            Knowledge and Experience; Economic Risk. Corning has sufficient knowledge and experience in business and financial matters and with respect to investment in securities of companies similar to the Company so as to enable it to analyze and evaluate the merits and risks of the investment contemplated hereby and is capable of protecting its interest in connection with this transaction. Corning is able to bear the economic risk of such investment, including a complete loss of the investment.

 

4.5.                            Access to Information.                    Corning acknowledges that it and its representatives have had the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from officers and representatives of VIA concerning VIA and its business and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and to obtain any additional information which VIA has advised Corning that it possesses or can acquire that is necessary to verify the accuracy of the information regarding VIA herein set forth or otherwise desired by Corning in connection with Corning’s purchase of the Corning Shares purchasable by it hereunder.

 

4.6.                            Place of Business. Corning has listed its principal place of business or registered address under its name on the signature page hereto.

 

4.7.                            Authorization of this Agreement. Corning has duly authorized, executed and delivered this Agreement, and this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of Corning, enforceable against Corning in accordance with its terms (except as enforceability may be limited by (x) applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium and similar laws affecting

 

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the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (y) general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law)).

 

4.8.                            No Additional Warranties or Representations; Due Diligence. Corning, on behalf of itself and its affiliates, acknowledges that no Group Company nor any other person has made any representation or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information regarding any Group Company, the Corning Shares or the business of the Group Companies, which has been communicated, furnished or made available to Corning or its equityholders, members, managers, partners, officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants, advisors and representatives (collectively, “Representatives”), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. No Group Company nor any other person shall have or be subject to any liability to Corning or any other person resulting from the distribution to Corning or its Representatives, or any of Corning’s or its Representatives’ use of, any such information, documents or material made available to any of them in records stored on computer disks, in online or physical “data rooms,” provided during management presentations or in any other forms in expectation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except as expressly set forth in, and subject to the limitations of, Section 9 of this Agreement. Corning, on behalf of itself and its affiliates acknowledges and agrees that neither it nor any of its Representatives has relied, and none of such persons are relying, upon any statement, warranty or representations (whether written or oral) not made in Section 3. Corning and its Representatives have received from or on behalf of the Group Companies certain estimates, budgets, forecasts, plans and financial projections (“Forward-Looking Statements”), and Corning, on behalf of itself and its affiliates, acknowledges that (i) there are uncertainties inherent in making Forward-Looking Statements and (ii) it is familiar with such uncertainties and is taking full responsibility for making its own evaluation of the adequacy and accuracy of all Forward-Looking Statements so furnished to it and its Representatives (including the reasonableness of the assumptions underlying Forward-Looking Statements where such assumptions are explicitly disclosed). Except as expressly set forth in Section 3, neither the Group Companies nor any other person is making any representation or warranty with respect to, or shall have or be subject to any liability to Corning, or any other person resulting from, the distribution to any of Corning or its Representatives, or their use of, Forward-Looking Statements.

 

Section 5.                                           Covenants.

 

5.1.                            NYSE Listing. VIA shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to effectuate the IPO and to cause the ADSs subject to the IPO and constituting the Corning Shares to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange at the Closing, subject to official notice of issuance. VIA shall inform Corning promptly after the occurrence of each of the following actions: (i) any determination by VIA to abandon the IPO; (ii) the date on which the Registration Statement is initially submitted confidentially to the SEC; (iii) the date on which the Registration Statement initially is publicly filed with the SEC; (iv) the date on which the preliminary prospectus supplement containing a bona fide price range relating to the IPO is filed with the SEC; and (v) the date on which the SEC declares the Registration Statement effective under the Securities Act.

 

5.2.                            Removal of Restrictions. It is understood and agreed by VIA that any stop transfer instructions referred to in Section 4.2 issued by VIA shall be removed, upon written request by Corning to VIA (and at Corning’s cost), and VIA shall take such actions to effectuate such removal as may be required by the Depositary, at any time at which the Corning Shares (i) are registered under the U.S. Securities Act and sold pursuant to such registration, (ii) are sold or to be sold under Rule 144 under the U.S. Securities Act (“Rule 144”), or otherwise in a transaction exempt from, or not subject to, the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act, (iii) may be sold or otherwise transferred without registration under the U.S. Securities Act and (iv) from and after the first anniversary after the Closing Date, provided that, in each such case, Corning provides customary representations reasonably acceptable to VIA in relation thereto, including in the case of clause (iv), that Corning is not an “affiliate” of VIA within the meaning of Rule 144.

 

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5.3.                            Registration Rights.

 

(a)                                 If at any time following the date of this Agreement that any Registrable Securities (as defined below) remain outstanding and are not freely tradable under Rule 144 (A) there are not one or more effective registration statements under the U.S. Securities Act covering all of the Registrable Securities and (B) VIA proposes for any reason to register any Ordinary Shares or ADSs under the U.S. Securities Act (other than pursuant to a registration statement on Form F4 or Form F-8 (or a similar or successor form)) with respect to an offering by VIA for its own account or for the account of any of its holders of Ordinary Shares or ADSs, it shall at each such time promptly give prompt written notice to Corning of its intention to do so and, to the extent permitted under the provisions of Rule 415 under the U.S. Securities Act, include in such registration all Registrable Securities with respect to which Corning has requested inclusion therein within fifteen (15) Business Days after receipt of VIA’s notice (or five (5) Business Days if VIA states in such written notice or gives telephonic notice to Corning with written confirmation to follow promptly thereafter, stating that (i) such registration will be on Form F3 and (ii) such shorter period of time is required because of an earlier planned filing date) (a “Piggyback Registration”). Such notice shall offer Corning the opportunity to register such number of shares of Registrable Securities as Corning may request and shall indicate the intended method of distribution of such Registrable Securities.

 

(b)                                 If the managing underwriter of any underwritten offering shall inform VIA by letter of its belief that the number of Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration pursuant to this Section 5.3, when added to the number of other securities to be offered in such registration by VIA, would materially adversely affect such offering, then VIA shall include in such registration, to the extent of the total number of securities which VIA is so advised can be sold in (or during the time of) such offering without so materially adversely affecting such offering, securities in the following priority: (x) first, all ADSs or Ordinary Shares or securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, ADSs or Ordinary Shares that VIA proposes to register for its own account; and (y) second, the Registrable Securities and any other securities requested to be included that are owned by all holders thereof requesting inclusion, pro rata based on the respective amounts of Registrable Securities and other securities held by Corning and such other holders.

 

(c)                                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (A) if such registration involves an underwritten public offering, Corning must sell its Registrable Securities to, if applicable, the underwriter(s) at the same price and subject to the same underwriting discounts and commissions that apply to the other securities sold in such offering and subject to Corning entering into customary underwriting documentation for selling stockholders in an underwritten public offering, and (B) if, at any time after giving written notice of its intention to register any Registrable Securities and prior to the effective date of the registration statement filed in connection with such registration, VIA shall determine for any reason not to cause such registration statement to become effective under the U.S. Securities Act, VIA shall deliver written notice to Corning and, thereupon, shall be relieved of its obligation to register any Registrable Securities in connection with such registration.

 

(d)                                 For purposes of this Agreement “Registrable Securities” means (i) the Corning Shares and (ii) any other securities issued or issuable with respect to or in exchange for the Corning Shares, whether by way of a stock dividend or distribution, stock split or similar transaction, or by merger, charter amendment, or otherwise; provided, that, a security shall cease to be a Registrable Security (and any obligation of VIA with respect thereto shall terminate) for so long as (a) a registration statement with respect to the sale of such Registrable Securities is declared effective by the SEC under the U.S. Securities Act and such Registrable Securities have been disposed of by the holder thereof in accordance with such effective Registration Statement, (b) such Registrable Securities have been previously sold in accordance with Rule 144, or (c) from and after the second anniversary of the Closing Date, such securities are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information.

 

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5.4.                            Market Stand-Off. Corning agrees that from the Closing Date and until 180 days after the date of the Final Prospectus, upon written request by the managing underwriter or underwriters of the IPO, and subject to agreement by VIA’s directors, executive officers and other holders of Ordinary Shares or ADSs to enter into substantially the same undertakings (subject to the proviso in the last sentence of this Section 5.4), without the consent of VIA, Corning shall not: (i) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Corning Shares or any securities convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive Corning Shares; (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Corning Shares, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of the Corning Shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; (iii) make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of Corning Shares or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Corning Shares; or (4) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Corning shall be entitled to any exceptions to such restrictions which shall be granted to any other party to such undertakings; provided that Corning’s entitlement to any such exception shall not apply to any exception that is granted solely and exclusively to Mr. Jürgen Eichner.

 

5.5.                            Potential Private Placement. If the Closing shall not have occurred as of the IPO Deadline (as defined below), then, from the IPO Deadline and until 6 month of the IPO Deadline, Corning shall have the option, but not the obligation, to engage in good faith negotiations with VIA regarding a potential equity investment in VIA (or one of its affiliates) by Corning based on an investment amount by Corning of USD 20,000,000 (in words: US Dollars twenty million) and assuming a pre-money valuation of VIA of USD 400,000,000 (in words: US Dollars four-hundred million).

 

Section 6.                                           Conditions Precedent to Closing by Corning. The obligation of Corning to subscribe the Corning Shares and pay the Purchase Amount at the Closing is subject to satisfaction (or waiver by Corning) of the following conditions precedent at or before the Closing (the “Corning Closing Conditions”):

 

6.1.                            Representations and Warranties Correct. Each of the representations and warranties of VIA contained in Section 3 shall be true and accurate in all material respects on and as of the Closing with the same force and effect as if they had been made at the Closing, except for (a) those representations and warranties that address matters only as of a particular date (which shall remain true and correct as of such particular date), with the same force and effect as if they had been made at the Closing, and (b) those representations and warranties which (i) are qualified as to materiality or (ii) provide that the Company’s failure to comply with such representation or warranty would not result in a material adverse effect shall be true and accurate in all respects as of the Closing.

 

6.2.                            Closing of IPO. The IPO shall have closed and the underwriters shall have purchased from VIA, concurrently with the subscription of the Corning Shares by Corning hereunder, the number of ADSs at the price per share to the public set forth on the cover of the Final Prospectus (less any underwriting discounts or commissions) on or before September 30, 2019 (the “IPO Deadline”).

 

6.3.                            NYSE Listing. The ADSs subject to the IPO and constituting the Corning Shares shall have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.

 

6.4.                            Commercial Agreements.

 

(a)                                 The Commercial Agreements shall not have been terminated in accordance with their terms (i) by VIA (other than a termination pursuant to a material breach of such Commercial

 

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Agreements by Corning) or (ii) by Corning due to a breach of a Commercial Agreement by the respective Group Companies; or

 

(b)                                 The respective Group Companies have not materially breached any obligations of the Commercial Agreements, unless such breach is capable of being cured within the respective cure period and the respective Group Companies are working diligently to cure such breach.

 

6.5.                            Qualifications. All authorizations, approvals, or permits, if any, of any governmental authority or regulatory body of the United States or of any state that are required in connection with the lawful issuance of the Corning Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be duly obtained and effective as of the Closing.

 

6.6.                            Waiver by Corning. Corning is entitled to waive any of the Corning Closing Conditions other than the condition set forth in Section 6.2 by written notice to VIA, such waiver to be declared until one month after the expiration of the IPO Deadline at the latest.

 

Section 7.                                           Conditions Precedent to Closing by VIA.

 

The obligation of VIA to exclusively admit Corning to subscribe the Corning Shares and to issue the Corning Shares to Corning at the Closing is subject to satisfaction (or waiver by VIA) at or before the Closing of the following conditions precedent (the “VIA Closing Conditions”)

 

7.1.                            Representations and Warranties Correct. Each of the representations and warranties made in Section 4 by Corning shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing with the same force and effect as if they had been made at the Closing.

 

7.2.                            Closing of IPO. The IPO shall have closed and the underwriters shall have purchased from VIA, concurrently with the subscription of the Corning Shares by Corning hereunder, the number of ADSs at the price per share to the public set forth on the cover of the Final Prospectus (less any underwriting discounts or commissions) on or before the IPO Deadline.

 

7.3.                            Commercial Agreements. The Commercial Agreements shall not have not been terminated in accordance with their terms by Corning, except where such termination by Corning is due to the uncured breach of a Commercial Agreement by the respective Group Companies.

 

7.4.                            Waiver by VIA. VIA is entitled to waive any of the VIA Closing Conditions other than the condition set forth in Section 7.2 by written notice to Corning, such waiver to be declared until one month after the expiration of the IPO Deadline at the latest.

 

Section 8.                                           Fees and Expenses. Each party to this Agreement shall bear all of its own fees and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including all fees of such party’s legal counsel; provided, that the notary costs and commercial register fees incurred in connection with the issuance of the Corning Shares shall be borne by VIA.

 

Section 9.                                           Remedies.

 

9.1.                            Rights of Corning prior to Closing. In case any one or more of the representations set out in Section 3 or any of the covenants set out in Section 5 have been breached by VIA prior to Closing and first identified by Corning prior to Closing, Corning may either (i) enforce its right under Section 5 or (ii) rescind this Agreement by notice vis-a-vis VIA with the effect for all parties and no party shall have any obligation or liability deriving from this Agreement, but Corning shall not be entitled to claim for damages as a result of any such breach of the respective representations or covenant.

 

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9.2.                            Rights of Corning after Closing. In case any one or more of the representations set out in Section 3 have been breached by VIA prior to Closing and first identified by Corning after the Closing, Corning may first demand VIA to cure the breach of the respective representation by way of specific performance. If specific performance (i) is not rendered by VIA within a period of one month after the breach has been notified by Corning in writing to VIA or (ii) is in Corning’s reasonable good faith opinion insufficient to compensate Corning for its reasonable and documented Losses suffered as a result of the breach of the representation, VIA shall pay to Corning monetary damages in accordance with and subject to the limitations of the provisions set forth in this Section 9. Under no circumstances, however, shall VIA have any obligation to pay damages to Corning if and to the extent such payment would violate the capital preservation provisions of § 57 German Stock Corporation Act, as applicable to VIA:

 

(a)                                 VIA shall pay monetary damages to Corning for the Losses incurred by Corning, whereby for the purposes of this Agreement “Losses” means only (x) direct damages and (y) indirect or consequential damages or loss of profits, each solely to the extent that such damages or losses are the reasonably foreseeable result of the breach of the VIA Guarantees and excludes (i) all indirect or consequential damages or loss of profits not recoverable pursuant to the immediately preceding clause 9.2(a)(y), (ii) punitive or exemplary damages, (iii) diminution in the value of the Corning Shares, (iv) any losses computed on the basis of, or related to, the value of the Corning Shares and/or VIA, (v) damages/losses to the good will of VIA, (vi) lost opportunities, (vii) frustrated costs and expenses, and (viii) internal costs incurred by Corning.

 

(b)                                 VIA shall not be obligated to pay monetary damages, if and to the extent that (i) the matter to which Corning’s claim relates has been reserved for in the audited financial statements 2017 of VIA optronics GmbH, (ii) Corning or any of its affiliates after Closing has participated in causing such claim pursuant to § 254 (1) German Civil Code or has failed to comply with its duty to mitigate damages pursuant to § 254 (2) German Civil Code or (iii) the claim results from, or is increased by, the passing of, or any change in any law, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, common law rule or administrative practice of any government, governmental department, agency or regulatory body after the date of this Agreement.

 

(c)                                  No liability to pay monetary damages shall attach to VIA under this Section 9.2 based on breaches of the VIA Guarantees, if and to the extent (i) an individual claim or series of related claims of Corning under this Section 9.2 relate to Losses not exceeding an amount of $50,000.00 (the “De Minimis Amount”) and (ii) the individual claim or series of related claims (taken together) — provided that events which result in Losses in an amount beneath the De Minimis are not taken into consideration — relate to Losses not exceeding $200,000.00 (the “Basket”) whereby only the Losses, if any, in excess of the Basket shall be compensated.

 

(d)                                 The aggregate liability of VIA for all claims of Corning under this Section 9.2 shall (i) as regards the VIA Guarantees, other than the VIA Fundamental Guarantees, in no event exceed the amount of $3,000,000.00 and (ii) as regards the VIA Fundamental Guarantees, including any liability on account of the other VIA Guarantees, in no event exceed the amount of the Purchase Price (the “Liability Cap”).

 

(e)                                  In case damages have been incurred on the level of any of the Group Companies and such damages qualify as Losses for purposes of this Agreement, the amount of any such Loss to be compensated to Corning shall be calculated by the amount of the damages incurred by the applicable Group Company giving rise to such Loss multiplied by the applicable indirect ownership stake of Corning represented by the Corning Shares as of the Closing Date after giving effect to the consummation of the IPO.

 

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(f)                                   All claims of Corning under this Section 9.2 on account of breaches of the VIA Guarantees shall become time-barred (i) as regards the VIA Guarantees, other than the VIA Fundamental Guarantees, eighteen (18) months after the Closing Date and (ii) as regards the VIA Fundamental Guarantees three (3) years after the Closing Date.

 

(g)                                  All claims of Corning under this Section 9.2 on account of breaches of the VIA Guarantees shall be excluded to the extent that the underlying facts (i) have been reasonably identified on the face of the Annexes pertaining to this Agreement and any VIA Guarantee or (ii) are described in the Registration Statement. Furthermore, Section 442 of the German Civil Code and Section 377 of the German Commercial Code shall not apply.

 

9.3.                            Remedies after Closing. After the Closing Date each party in case of any breach of covenants or representations under this Agreement may proceed to protect and enforce its rights under this Agreement either by suit or by action at law, including, but not limited to, an action for damages as a result of any such breach of the representation or covenant; provided, however, that Corning shall be entitled to claim damages due to a breach of VIA of one or more of the representations set out Section 3 only in accordance with Section 9.2.

 

9.4.                            No other Remedies. This Section 9 provides the sole remedies of the parties for breaches of representations or covenants under this Agreement. Any further claims and remedies against a party, irrespective of which nature, amount or legal basis, are hereby expressly waived and excluded, in particular, without limitation, claims under pre-contractual fault (§§ 311 para. 2 and 3, 241 para. 2 German Civil Code), for breach of contract on the basis of statutory warranty provisions or tort as well as any and all other claims, which could, due to a rescission, except for the rights set forth in Section 9.1, challenging, reduction of the Purchase Amount or any other reasons, result in the termination, invalidity or winding up of this Agreement, an amendment of its content or a repayment or reduction of the Purchase Amount, unless such claim is based on willful act of or fraudulent misrepresentation by such party.

 

Section 10.                                    Entire Agreement; Effect on Prior Documents. This Agreement and the other documents referred to herein or delivered pursuant hereto contain the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and supersede all prior negotiations, commitments, agreements and understandings among them with respect thereto. Subject to Section 21(b) below, the terms of this Agreement, including the names of the parties hereto, may be described by VIA in the Registration Statements and otherwise as required by the U.S. Securities Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

Section 11.                                    Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder (“Notices”) to any party shall be contained in a written instrument addressed to such party at the address set forth below or such other address as may hereafter be designated in writing by the addressee to the addressor listing all parties and shall be deemed given (a) when delivered in person or duly sent by fax showing confirmation of receipt, (b) three days after being duly sent by first class mail postage prepaid (other than in the case of Notices to or from any non-U.S. resident, which Notices must be sent in the manner specified in clause (a) or (c)), or (c) two days after being duly sent by DHL, Federal Express or other recognized express international courier service:

 

(a)                                 if to VIA and/or VIA GmbH, to:

 

VIA Optronics GmbH

Lettenfeldstraße 15, 90592 Schwarzenbruck, Germany

Attn.: Daniel Jürgens, CFO

Email: DJuergens@via-optronics.com

 

15


 

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Dechert LLP

1095 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10036-6797

Attn: Federico Pappalardo, Esq.

          David Rosenthal, Esq.

          Gregory Schernecke, Esq.

          Fax: (212) 698-0416

 

(b)                                 if to Corning, to:

 

Corning Research & Development Corporation

One Riverfront Plaza

Corning, New York 14831

Attn: Corporate Secretary

 

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

 

Hogan Lovells International LLP

Karl-Scharnagl-Ring 5

80539 Munich, Germany

Attn: Volker Geyrhalter, Esq.

Fax: +49 89 29012 222

 

Section 12.                                    Amendments; Waivers. This Agreement may be amended, and compliance with the provisions of this Agreement may be omitted or waived, only by the written agreement of VIA and Corning.

 

Section 13.                                    Rescission Rights.

 

(a)                                 If the Corning Closing Conditions have not been fulfilled or waived by Corning on or before the IPO Deadline, Corning is entitled in its own discretion to withdraw (zurücktreten) from this Agreement within thirty (30) Business Days after the expiry of the IPO Deadline by written declaration to VIA.

 

(b)                                 If the VIA Closing Conditions have not been fulfilled or waived by VIA on or before the IPO Deadline, VIA is entitled in its own discretion to withdraw (zurücktreten) from this Agreement within thirty (30) Business Days after the expiry of the IPO Deadline by written declaration to Corning.

 

(c)                                  In case of a rescission or termination, this Agreement shall terminate except for the provisions set forth in Section 8 (Fees and Expenses), Section 11 (Notices), Section 18  (Governing Law), Section 19 (Venue), Section 21 (Confidentiality) and Section 22 (Final Provisions) which shall continue in further effect. In case of a rescission by VIA pursuant to Section 13(b) above, Section 5.5 (Potential Private Placement) shall continue to apply.

 

Section 14.                                    Counterparts; Facsimile Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts together shall constitute but one agreement. Any such counterpart may contain one or more signature pages. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile, or by email in portable document format (.pdf) and upon such delivery of the signature page by such method will be deemed to have the same effect as if the original signature had been delivered to the other parties.

 

Section 15.                                    Headings. The headings of the various sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed to be a part of this Agreement.

 

16


 

Section 16.                                    Nouns and Pronouns. Whenever the context may require, any pronouns used herein shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of names and pronouns shall include the plural and vice-versa.

 

Section 17.                                    Corning’s Nomination Right. Corning shall be entitled to nominate an affiliate of Corning to serve as transferee regarding the Corning Shares instead of Corning by written notice to VIA no later than five (5) Business Days prior to the Expected Closing Date (such nominee the “Transferee”). In case Corning makes use of its nomination right pursuant to Section 17, the transfer of the Corning Shares at Closing shall not be effected to Corning but directly to the Transferee.

 

Section 18.                                    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the substantive laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the exclusion of the UN Sales Convention (CISG) without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws.

 

Section 19.                                    Venue. All disputes arising in connection with this Agreement or about its validity will be finally settled by a written arbitral award stating the reasons for the decision rendered by an arbitral tribunal in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the German Institution of Arbitration e.V. (DIS) and to the exclusion of the jurisdiction of the courts of law. The arbitral tribunal may also render an award on the validity of this arbitration clause, which award will be binding on the courts of law. The place of arbitration will be Munich, Germany. The number of arbitrators will be three (3). The language of the arbitral proceeding will be German.

 

Section 20.                                    Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, each of the successors and assigns of the parties hereto and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, each other person who shall become a registered holder named in a certificate evidencing Corning Shares transferred to such holder by Corning or its permitted transferees, and (except as aforesaid) its legal representatives, successors and assigns.

 

Section 21.                                    Confidentiality; Consent.

 

(a)                                 The Parties mutually undertake to keep the contents of this Agreement secret and confidential vis-à-vis any third party except to the extent that the relevant facts are in the public domain or the disclosure of which is required by law. In the latter case, the Parties shall, however, inform each other prior to such disclosure and shall limit any disclosure to the minimum required. No press release or other public announcement concerning the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be made by either Party unless the form and text of such announcement has first been approved by the other Party, except that — if and to the extent a Party is required by law or by applicable stock exchange regulations to make an announcement — it may do so after first consulting with the other Party.

 

(b)                                 VIA is entitled to describe the transaction set forth in the Agreement in the Registration Statement and any other offering documents relating to the IPO, including the name of Corning; provided, that Corning shall consent to such disclosure before such disclosure is initially confidentially submitted to or filed with the SEC and thereafter prior to any material change to such disclosure; provided, however, that any such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned by Corning.

 

Section 22.                                    Final Provisions.

 

(a)                                 VIA GmbH shall guarantee the due performance of all obligations of VIA under this Agreement.

 

(b)                                 Business Day” for purposes of the Agreement means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday on which banks are generally open for business in Munich, Germany and New York, USA.

 

17


 

(c)                                  This Agreement or any of its provisions may be amended, waived or terminated only by written instrument (or in any stricter form required by mandatory law) executed by both Parties and explicitly referring to this Agreement.

 

(d)                                 This Agreement is made in the English language. Any term to which a German translation has been added shall be interpreted throughout this Agreement as having the meaning assigned to it by such German translation. All other English language terms shall be interpreted without specific reference to any meaning attributed to them under English language legal system. With respect to any applicable jurisdiction other than Germany, such term shall be interpreted in accordance with comparative law (rechtsvergleichend) to come as close as possible to the legal meaning of the German term in such other applicable jurisdiction.

 

(e)                                  Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                   The term “including” means in all instances “including without limitation”. The term “shall” implies a strict liability to take or omit an action.

 

(g)                                  The Exhibits, Annexes and Schedules to this Agreement are an integral part of this Agreement and any reference to this Agreement includes this Agreement and the Exhibits, Annexes and Schedules as a whole.

 

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]

 

18


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Investment Agreement as of the day and year first written above.

 

 

VIA OPTRONICS AG

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

 

Name: Jürgen Eichner

 

 

Title: Member of the Management Board

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

 

 

Name: Daniel Jürgens

 

 

Title: Member of the Management Board

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Investment Agreement as of the day and year first written above.

 

 

VIA OPTRONICS GmbH

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

 

Name: Jürgen Eichner

 

 

Title: Managing Director

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

 

 

Name: Daniel Jürgens

 

 

Title: Managing Director

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Investment Agreement as of the day and year first written above.

 

 

CORNING Research & Development Corporation

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Lawrence D. McRae

 

 

Name: Lawrence D. McRae

 

 

Title: Vice Chairman & Corporate Development Officer

 



EX-10.4 4 filename4.htm

Exhibit 10.4

 

FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT

 

between

 

VIA OPTRONICS GMBH

 

and

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

dated

 

November 30, 2017

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

Page

 

 

 

ARTICLE I   DEFINITIONS

1

 

 

Section 1.01

Definitions

1

 

 

 

Section 1.02

Other Defined Terms

5

 

 

 

ARTICLE II   OVERVIEW OF THE TRANSACTION

6

 

 

Section 2.01

L/Cs, Competition Clearance, Spin-off; Share Transfer; Newco Governance

6

 

 

 

Section 2.02

Intellectual Property

7

 

 

 

Section 2.03

Business Employees

8

 

 

 

Section 2.04

Manufacturing Agreement

9

 

 

 

Section 2.05

Lease Agreement

9

 

 

 

Section 2.06

Bank Guarantee

9

 

 

 

Section 2.07

Other Agreements

9

 

 

 

Section 2.08

Pre-Closing and Post-Closing Liabilities

10

 

 

 

Section 2.09

Share Purchase Price Adjustment

10

 

 

 

Section 2.10

Further Assurances

11

 

 

 

ARTICLE III   CLOSING; CLOSING DELIVERABLES

11

 

 

Section 3.01

Closing

11

 

 

 

Section 3.02

Closing Deliverables and Actions

11

 

 

 

ARTICLE IV   REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF TOPPAN

13

 

 

Section 4.01

Organization and Authority

13

 

 

 

Section 4.02

No Conflicts; Consents

13

 

 

 

Section 4.03

Legal Proceedings

14

 

 

 

Section 4.04

Antisocial Forces

14

 

 

 

Section 4.05

Title to Shares; Capitalization

14

 

 

 

Section 4.06

Title to Transferred Assets

14

 

 

 

Section 4.07

Condition of Transferred Assets

14

 

 

 

Section 4.08

Spin-off

14

 

 

 

Section 4.09

Sufficiency of non-Intellectual Property Assets

15

 

 

 

Section 4.10

Intellectual Property

15

 

 

 

Section 4.11

Balance Sheet

16

 

i


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

 

 

Page

 

 

 

Section 4.12

Brokers

16

 

 

 

Section 4.13

Exclusive Representations and Warranties

16

 

 

 

ARTICLE V   REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF VIA

17

 

 

Section 5.01

Organization and Authority

17

 

 

 

Section 5.02

No Conflicts; Consents

17

 

 

 

Section 5.03

Legal Proceedings

17

 

 

 

Section 5.04

Sufficiency of Funds

17

 

 

 

Section 5.05

Antisocial Forces

18

 

 

 

Section 5.06

Brokers

18

 

 

 

Section 5.07

Investigation by VIA

18

 

 

 

ARTICLE VI   COVFNANTS

18

 

 

Section 6.01

Conduct of Business before Closing; Maintenance of Transferred IP

18

 

 

 

Section 6.02

Access to Information

18

 

 

 

Section 6.03

Closing Conditions

19

 

 

 

Section 6.04

Third-Person Consents; Antitrust Approvals

19

 

 

 

Section 6.05

Confidentiality

20

 

 

 

Section 6.06

Balance Sheet

20

 

 

 

Section 6.07

Transferred IP

21

 

 

 

Section 6.08

Further Assurances

21

 

 

 

ARTICLE VII   CONDITIONS TO CLOSING

21

 

 

Section 7.01

Conditions to Obligations of Both Parties

21

 

 

 

Section 7.02

Conditions to Obligations of VIA

21

 

 

 

Section 7.03

Conditions to Obligations of Toppan

22

 

 

 

ARTICLE VIII   TERMINATION

22

 

 

Section 8.01

Termination

22

 

 

 

Section 8.02

Effect of Termination

23

 

 

 

ARTICLE IX   INDEMNIFICATION

24

 

 

Section 9.01

Survival

24

 

 

 

Section 9.02

Indemnification by Toppan

24

 

ii


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

 

 

Page

 

 

 

Section 9.03

Indemnification by VIA

24

 

 

 

Section 9.04

Certain Limitations

25

 

 

 

Section 9.05

Indemnification Procedures

26

 

 

 

Section 9.06

Tax Treatment of Indemnification Payments

27

 

 

 

Section 9.07

Exclusive Remedies

28

 

 

 

ARTICLE X   MISCELLANEOUS

28

 

 

Section 10.01

Expenses

28

 

 

 

Section 10.02

Further Assurances

28

 

 

 

Section 10.03

Notices

28

 

 

 

Section 10.04

Headings

29

 

 

 

Section 10.05

Severability

29

 

 

 

Section 10.06

Entire Agreement

29

 

 

 

Section 10.07

Successors and Assigns; Assignment

30

 

 

 

Section 10.08

No Third-party Beneficiaries

30

 

 

 

Section 10.09

Amendment and Modification; Waiver

30

 

 

 

Section 10.10

Governing Law; Dispute Resolution

30

 

 

 

Section 10.11

Specific Performance

31

 

 

 

Section 10.12

Attorneys’ Fees

31

 

 

 

Section 10.13

Counterparts

31

 

 

Schedules and Exhibits

 

 

 

Schedule 1 — Disclosure Schedule

 

 

 

Exhibit A — Ancillary Agreements

 

 

 

Exhibit B — Terms of Share Purchase Agreement

 

 

 

Exhibit C — Terms of Shareholders’ Agreement

 

 

 

Exhibit D — IP Transfer Agreement Terms

 

 

 

Exhibit E — IP License Agreement Terms

 

 

iii


 

FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT

 

This Framework Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on [November 30], 2017 between VIA optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Toppan”). Each of Toppan and VIA is referred to as a “Party”, and together, as the “Parties”.

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Toppan operates a business in Japan that develops, manufactures, and markets copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors (such products, the “Products”, and such business, the “Business”).

 

B.                                    VIA is active in the field of optical bonding solutions.

 

C.                                    The Parties wish to engage in the Business together by having Toppan transfer certain assets and liabilities of the Business to a newly formed company (“Newco”) in which VIA will hold a 65% equity interest and Toppan a 35% equity interest.

 

D.                                    In connection with the operation of the Business through Newco, the Parties will enter into several undertakings, pursuant to the Transaction Documents, regarding Newco’s establishment and governance, a corporate spin-off, and commercial matters relating to the Business.

 

E.                                     VIA wishes to purchase from Toppan, and Toppan wishes to transfer to VIA, certain assets and liabilities of the Business.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.01                            Definitions. The following terms have the meanings specified or referred to below:

 

Action: Any claim, action, cause of action, demand, lawsuit, arbitration, inquiry, audit, notice of violation, proceeding, litigation, citation, summons, subpoena or investigation of any nature, civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or otherwise, whether at law or in equity.

 

Affiliate: Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. The term “control” (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

 


 

Ancillary Agreements: The agreements listed in Exhibit A.

 

Antisocial Force: An organized crime group (boryokudan), a member of an organized crime group, an individual for whom five years have not elapsed from the date he or she ceased to be an organized crime group member, a quasi-constituent member thereof, an enterprise related to an organized crime group, a corporate racketeer (sokaiya), an extortionist advocating social movement, a special intelligence violence group, and other similar Persons (collectively, “Organized Crime Group Member”), and a Person who falls under any of the following:

 

(i)                                     A Person that has any relationship by which its management is considered to be controlled by any Organized Crime Group Member,

 

(ii)                                  A Person that has any relationship by which any Organized Crime Group Member is considered to be involved substantially in its management,

 

(iii)                               A Person that has any relationship by which it is considered to make unlawful use of any Organized Crime Group Member for the purpose of securing unjust advantage for itself or any third party or for causing damage to any third Person,

 

(iv)                              A Person that has any relationship by which it is considered to offer funds or provide benefits to any Organized Crime Group Member, or

 

(v)                                 A person that has any officers or persons involved substantially in its management having socially condemnable relationships with any Organized Crime Group Member.

 

Antitrust Law: Statutes, rules, regulations, orders, decrees, administrative and judicial doctrines, and other Laws of any jurisdiction that are designed or intended to prohibit, restrict or regulate actions that may have the purpose or effect of creating a monopoly, lessening competition or restraining trade.

 

Business Day: Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan or Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Closing: The consummation of the Spin-off, the Share Transfer, and the other transactions contemplated in ARTICLE II.

 

Companies Act: The Companies Act of Japan (Act No. 86 of July 26, 2005).

 

Data Room: The virtual data room relating to the Business established by Toppan and hosted by Firmex, as it existed on the Business Day immediately preceding the Closing Date, unless the Parties decide to close the data room earlier, in which case it will be as it existed on the Business Day before the data room closes.

 

Disclosure Schedule: The schedule attached as Schedule 1 to this Agreement.

 

2


 

Encumbrance: Any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge, security interest, claim or other encumbrance.

 

Exchange Rate: For purposes of the Share Purchase Price, the IP Purchase Price, the Closing IP Purchase Price, the IP Purchase Price Balance, the Final Inventory Price, and the Target Inventory Valuation only, 1 USD equals 115 JPY.

 

Governmental Authority: Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

Governmental Order: Any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, stipulation, determination or award entered by or with any Governmental Authority.

 

Intellectual Property: Any of the following rights in any jurisdiction: (a) patents and patent applications, (b) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, and other proprietary indicia of goods and services, whether registered or unregistered, and the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by any of the foregoing, (c) original works of authorship in any medium of expression, whether or not published, all copyrights (whether registered or unregistered), all registrations and applications for registration of such copyrights all of the following and similar intangible property and related proprietary rights, and (d) confidential information, formulas, designs, devices, technology, know-how, research and development, inventions, methods, processes, compositions and other trade secrets, whether or not patentable.

 

Inventory: Work in progress, spare parts, photomasks, and supplies used by the Business to manufacture Products.

 

Law: Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Losses: Actual out-of-pocket losses, damages, liabilities, costs or expenses.

 

NDA: The Non-Disclosure Agreement dated December 7, 2016 between Toppan and VIA.

 

Other Antitrust Approvals: Any approval, other than the Identified Antitrust Approvals, of any Governmental Authority in relation to Antitrust Laws that is required to complete the Share Transfer and the other transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

 

Permits: All permits, licenses, franchises, approvals, authorizations, registrations, certificates, variances and similar rights obtained, or required to be obtained, from Governmental Authorities.

 

3


 

Person: An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Representative: With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Retained IP: The Intellectual Property set forth under the heading “Retained IP” in Section 1.02 of the Disclosure Schedule.

 

Satte Facility: The facility located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013 Japan, that is currently being used by the Business.

 

Shiga Facility: The facility located at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-8566, Japan, that is currently being used by the Business.

 

Target Inventory Valuation: JPY200,896,000, which is equal to the valuation of the Inventory on August 31, 2017.

 

Termination Fee: JPY 55,000,000.

 

Toppan Account:

 

Bank Name & Branch:

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Nihonbashi Branch

 

 

Branch Address:

2-1-1, Nihonbashi Murromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0022, Japan

 

 

Swift Code:

SMBCJPJT

 

 

Bank Account#:

1025362

 

Transaction: The transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Transaction Documents.

 

Transaction Documents: This Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements.

 

Transferred Assets: The assets set forth under the heading “Transferred Assets” in Section 1.01 of the Disclosure Schedule.

 

Transferred IP: The Intellectual Property set forth under the heading “Transferred IP” in Section 1.02 of the Disclosure Schedule.

 

Transferred Liabilities: The liabilities set forth under the heading “Transferred Liabilities” in Section 1.01 of the Disclosure Schedule.

 

VIA Account:

 

Bayerische Landesbank

SWIFT BIC BYLADEMMXXX

 

4


 

IBAN DE87 7005 0000 0004 5134 16 (EUR)

IBAN DE26 7005 0000 0174 5134 16 (USD)

IBAN DE61 7005 0000 0474 5134 16 (CNY)

 

Section 1.02                            Other Defined Terms. In addition to the terms defined above, the following terms shall have the respective meanings given thereto in the articles indicated below:

 

Defined Term

 

Section

Agreement

 

Preamble

Antitrust Approvals

 

Section 6.04(b)

Balance Sheet

 

Section 6.06

Bank

 

Section 2.06(a)

Business

 

Recitals

Business Assistance Agreement

 

Section 2.07(a) 

Closing Date

 

Section 3.01

Closing Date Inventory Statement

 

Section 2.09(a)

Closing IP Purchase Price

 

Section 2.02(a)

Direct Claim

 

Section 9.05(c)

Excluded Assets

 

Disclosure Schedule, Section 1.01

Excluded Liabilities

 

Disclosure Schedule, Section 1.01

Final Inventory Valuation

 

Section 2.09(c)

Governmental Approvals

 

Section 6.04(a)

Indemnified Party

 

Section 9.04

Indemnifying Party

 

Section 9.04

IP Purchase Price

 

Section 2.02(a)

IP Purchase Price Balance

 

Section 2.02(a)

Lease Agreement

 

Section 2.05

L/Cs

 

Section 2.06(a)

Loan

 

Section 2.01(e)

Loan Agreement

 

Section 2.01(e)

Manufacturing Agreement

 

Section 2.04

Newco

 

Recitals

Objection Notice

 

Section 2.09(c)

Party

 

Preamble

Perfection Actions

 

Section 2.02(a)

Products

 

Recitals

R&D Agreement

 

Section 2.07(c)

Re-employed Employees

 

Section 2.03(a)(i)

Seconded Employees

 

Section 2.03(b)(i)

Secondment Agreement

 

Section 2.03(b)(iii)

SHA

 

Section 2.01(d)

Share Purchase Price

 

Section 2.01(c)

Shares

 

Section 2.01(c)

Share Transfer

 

Section 2.01(c)

SPA

 

Section 2.01(c)

Spin-off

 

Section 2.01(a)

 

5


 

Spin-off Plan

 

Section 2.01(a)

System License Agreement

 

Section 2.07(b)

Third-Party Claim

 

Section 9.05(a)

Toppan

 

Preamble

Toppan Distribution Agreement

 

Section 2.07(d)

VIA

 

Preamble

VIA Distribution Agreement

 

Section 2.07(d)

 

ARTICLE II
OVERVIEW OF THE TRANSACTION

 

Section 2.01                            L/Cs, Competition Clearance, Spin-off; Share Transfer; Newco Governance.

 

(a)                                 L/Cs and Antitrust Approvals. Promptly after execution of this Agreement, VIA shall deliver to Toppan the L/Cs and the Parties shall perform their obligations under Section 6.04.

 

(b)                                 Spin-off.

 

(i)                                     Promptly after execution of this Agreement, Toppan shall begin (A) formulating a plan (the “Spin-off Plan”) to transfer the Transferred Assets and Transferred Liabilities to Newco by means of an incorporation-type company split (shinsetsu bunkatsu) in accordance with the Companies Act (the “Spin-off”) and (B) preparing the documentation and take other steps necessary to implement the Spin-off. Toppan shall not implement the Spin-off Plan without VIA’s advance written consent, which consent VIA shall not unreasonably withhold, delay, or condition. Promptly following adoption of the Spin-off Plan, Toppan shall deliver a certified copy of the Spinoff Plan to VIA.

 

(ii)                                  The Spin-off Plan will provide for the incorporation of Newco as a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) under Japanese law.

 

(iii)                               As promptly as possible after VIA has obtained the Antitrust Approvals, Toppan shall implement the Spin-off Plan and complete the Spin-off through the filing with the relevant legal affairs bureau of an application for Newco’s commercial registry. Toppan shall show VIA a draft of the application at least seven Business Days before filing.

 

(c)                                  Share Transfer. At the Closing and immediately after the transfer of the Transferred Assets and Transferred Liabilities to Newco pursuant to the Spin-off, Toppan shall sell to VIA 65% of the Shares in exchange for payment by VIA to the Toppan Account of JPY211,231,000 (the “Share Purchase Price”) pursuant to a share purchase agreement that incorporates the terms set forth in Exhibit B (such agreement, the “SPA,” and such transfer of shares, the “Share Transfer”), such that following the Share Transfer, VIA will hold 65% of Newco’s share capital and Toppan will hold 35% of Newco’s share capital. The Parties shall exercise best efforts to finalize the SPA promptly

 

6


 

after execution of this Agreement and to execute the SPA promptly after it has been finalized, it being understood that the Share Transfer will occur, and other operative provisions of the SPA, will come into effect only when and if Closing occurs, and if this Agreement is terminated, the SPA will terminate automatically.

 

(d)                                 Shareholders’ Agreement. At Closing and immediately after the Share Transfer, the Parties shall enter into a shareholders’ agreement with respect to Newco that incorporates the terms set forth in Exhibit C (the “SHA”). The Parties shall exercise best efforts to finalize the SHA promptly after execution of this Agreement and to execute the SHA as promptly as practicable, it being understood that the operative provisions of the SHA will come into effect only when and if Closing occurs, and if this Agreement is terminated, the SHA will terminate automatically.

 

(e)                                  Loan to Newco. At the Closing and immediately after the Share Transfer, VIA shall extend a loan to Newco in the amount of JPY369,638,750, which represents 65% of the IP Purchase Price (the “Loan”), pursuant to a loan agreement between VIA and Newco (the “Loan Agreement”) that the Parties shall negotiate in good faith. The Loan will be at arm’s-length terms. The Parties shall cause Newco to use the entirety of the Loan proceeds to purchase the Transferred IP.

 

Section 2.02                            Intellectual Property.

 

(a)                                 Transfer of Transferred IP. At the Closing and immediately after extension of the Loan, Toppan shall transfer to Newco the Transferred IP in exchange for JPY568,675,000 (the “IP Purchase Price”), pursuant to an intellectual property purchase agreement between Toppan and Newco that incorporates the terms set forth in Exhibit D (the “IP Transfer Agreement”). Newco shall pay the IP Purchase Price to Toppan as follows: (i) JPY369,638,750 at Closing (the “Closing IP Purchase Price”) and (ii) the difference between the IP Purchase Price and the Closing IP Purchase Price (the “IP Purchase Price Balance”) in installments pursuant to terms to be agreed by the Parties in the IP Transfer Agreement. Newco’s obligation to pay the IP Purchase Price Balance will be secured by a security interest in all of Newco’s assets in favor of Toppan. The Parties shall, and shall cause Newco to, enter into an agreement and to take all actions necessary to create and perfect such security interest (the “Perfection Actions”), in forms to be agreed by the Parties. The Parties further agree that any costs associated with the Perfection Actions (including, but not limited to, applicable stamp duties, registration fees, filing fees as well as judicial scrivener fees or patent attorney fees, if applicable) shall be borne by Newco. For the avoidance of doubt, Toppan is entitled place and establish security interests to cover the amount of the unpaid IP Purchase Price Balance over the assets of Newco, and if Toppan enforces such security interests, Toppan is entitled to recover only the amount of such unpaid IP Purchase Price Balance at the time of such enforcement from such asset(s) enforced, the value of which will be determined in a commercially reasonable manner.

 

(b)                                 License of Retained IP. At the Closing and simultaneously with the transfer of the Transferred IP, Toppan shall license to Newco the Retained IP pursuant to an intellectual property license agreement between Toppan and Newco that incorporates

 

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the terms set forth in Exhibit E (the “IP License Agreement”). The consideration for the license of the Retained IP is included in the Share Purchase Price and no separate consideration for the Retained IP license will be required.

 

Section 2.03                            Business Employees.

 

(a)                                 Re-employed Employees.

 

(i)                                     The Parties shall exercise reasonable efforts to cause certain employees of Toppan and its Affiliates agreed in advance by the Parties (the “Re-employed Employees”) to be employed by Newco at Closing immediately following the completion of the Spin-off, subject to their consent. It is anticipated that the Re-employed Employees will serve as management of Newco.

 

(ii)                                  As part of their reasonable efforts, the Parties shall cause Newco to offer to each Re-employed Employee, for a period of at least three years after Closing, employment terms (including compensation and retirement allowance) and work conditions that are, in the aggregate, at least equivalent to his or her employment terms and work conditions immediately before Closing.

 

(iii)                               Toppan shall pay to each Re-employed Employee at Closing the retirement allowance (taishokukin) or otherwise applicable allowances/considerations that he or she is entitled to receive upon retirement at Closing under Toppan’s work rules.

 

(iv)                              Neither Party will be required to offer a Re-employed Employee additional consideration to entice him or her to transfer to Newco in order for a Party to satisfy its reasonable efforts under this Section 2.03(a).

 

(b)                                 Seconded Employees.

 

(i)                                     The Parties shall negotiate in good faith to agree on a list of employees of Toppan and its Affiliates who are engaged in the manufacture, quality control, production management, production engineering, and line engineering of Products and who have the appropriate qualifications to be seconded to Newco (the “Seconded Employees”). In drawing up the list of Seconded Employees, the Parties shall take into account the distance between the employees’ residence and Newco’s facilities and Toppan’s need for such employees to work for Toppan.

 

(ii)                                  The duration of the Seconded Employees’ term of secondment will be three years from the Closing Date.

 

(iii)                               The Parties shall negotiate in good faith a secondment agreement to be entered into at Closing between Newco and Toppan that will define the Parties’ obligations with respect to the Seconded Employees (the “Secondment Agreement”).

 

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Section 2.04                            Manufacturing Agreement. Toppan shall manufacture copper PET films at the Satte Facility for Newco for a post-Closing period to be agreed by the parties pursuant to a manufacturing agreement between Toppan and Newco (the “Manufacturing Agreement”).

 

Section 2.05                            Lease Agreement. Toppan shall lease space to Newco at the Shiga Facility for a post-Closing period to be agreed by the parties pursuant to a lease agreement between Toppan and Newco (the “Lease Agreement”) and with lease payments that are consistent with prevailing rates in the area. The Parties shall cause Newco to use the leased premises as its headquarters.

 

Section 2.06                            Bank Guarantee.

 

(a)                                 Promptly after execution of this Agreement, the Parties shall negotiate the terms of one or more standby letters of credit (the “L/Cs”) with a bank that is mutually agreeable to the Parties (the “Bank”) naming Toppan as the beneficiary.

 

(i)                                     One L/C will be in the amount of the Share Purchase Price and contain an undertaking by the Bank to pay the Share Purchase Price to Toppan if the Closing occurs.

 

(ii)                                  The other L/Cs will relate to the Termination Fee to Toppan if the Closing does not occur and if VIA is obligated to pay the Termination Fee pursuant to Section 8.02(a). The terms of these L/Cs will be negotiated by the Parties in good faith and these L/Cs may be delivered to Toppan separately from the first L/C.

 

(b)                                 VIA shall pay all fees and costs associated with the L/Cs.

 

Section 2.07                            Other Agreements.

 

(a)                                 Toppan shall provide various services agreed by the Parties to support the Business, such as administrative and back-office support, procurement support, and design and mask support. The Parties shall negotiate in good faith the scope, duration, fees and other terms of any such services in a services agreement between Toppan and Newco (the “Business Assistance Agreement”). Among other terms, the Business Assistance Agreement will specify that all supplies that Toppan procures from third parties and sells to Newco will be sold without any margin on the price that Toppan pays third parties for those supplies.

 

(b)                                 During the period agreed by the Parties, Toppan shall grant to Newco the right to use a production management software system developed by Toppan that is necessary to operate the Business. The fee payable by Newco to Toppan will be equal to 1% per annum of Newco’s annual global sales of Products for as long as Toppan is the sole party providing the system to Newco. If VIA provides all or a portion of the system to Newco, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith an equitable adjustment to the fee that reflects each Party’s contribution to Newco. The Parties shall negotiate in good faith the scope, duration and other terms of any such grant of right in a system license agreement between Toppan and Newco (the “System License Agreement”).

 

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(c)                                  Toppan and Newco shall negotiate in good faith the terms of a joint development agreement or a research and development service agreement to be entered into between Toppan and Newco pursuant to which Toppan will provide research and development-related activities that are necessary for the Business (the “R&D Agreement”). The parties will discuss the treatment of know-how developed after Closing that (i) is owned exclusively by Toppan and (ii) is necessary for the manufacture of Products.

 

(d)                                 It is contemplated that Newco will appoint Toppan and VIA as distributors to distribute Products manufactured by Newco. The Parties shall negotiate in good faith with Newco the scope, duration, and other terms of distribution agreements between Toppan and Newco (the “Toppan Distribution Agreement”) and between VIA and Newco (the “VIA Distribution Agreement”).

 

(e)                                  If either of the Parties believes it would be advisable for the Parties to enter into another agreement in furtherance of the Transaction, they shall discuss the terms of such an agreement in good faith.

 

Section 2.08                            Pre-Closing and Post-Closing Liabilities. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement and regardless of the definitions of Excluded Liabilities and Transferred Liabilities, the Parties agree that (i) Toppan shall be responsible for and Newco will not be responsible for any obligations and liabilities arising solely out of the Business operated by Toppan before the Closing, even if such obligations and liabilities arise after the Closing, and (ii) Newco shall be responsible for and Toppan will not be responsible for any obligations and liabilities arising out of the Business operated by, or any other activities of, Newco on or after the Closing.

 

Section 2.09                            Share Purchase Price Adjustment.

 

(a)                                 Between the date hereof and Closing, Toppan shall exercise reasonable commercial efforts to reduce the Inventory such that the Final Inventory Valuation is 1PY151,570,000. As part of these reasonable commercial efforts, Toppan shall disclose to VIA a non-binding plan to reduce its Inventory between the date hereof and Closing and Toppan shall report to VIA, by the 15th of each month between the date hereof and the Closing, Toppan’s non-binding valuation of the Inventory as of the end of the previous month.

 

(b)                                 Promptly after the Closing, Toppan shall review the Inventory and calculate the value of the Inventory as of the Closing Date. Toppan shall calculate the Inventory’s valuation using the same methodology it used to calculate the Target Inventory Valuation. Within 30 days after the Closing Date, Toppan shall deliver to VIA a list of the Closing Date Inventory and its valuation as of the Closing Date (the “Closing Date Inventory Statement”).

 

(c)                                  If VIA disagrees with the Closing Date Inventory Statement, VIA must deliver written notice of its objection and the bases therefor (the “Objection Notice”) within 15 business days after VIA’s receipt of the Closing Date Inventory Statement. If

 

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VIA does not deliver an Objection Notice within this 15-day period, the value of the Inventory on the Closing Date will be deemed final. If VIA delivers an Objection Notice within this 15-day period, the Parties shall discuss the area(s) of disagreement in the Closing Date Inventory Statement in good faith until they have agreed on the value of the Inventory on the Closing Date.

 

(d)                                 Within five Business Days after the value of the Inventory on the Closing Date has become final or agreed pursuant to Section 2.09(c) (the “Final Inventory Valuation”), the Parties shall make the following adjustments to the Share Purchase Price:

 

(i)                                     if the Final Inventory Valuation exceeds the Target Inventory Valuation, VIA shall pay the excess amount to the Toppan Account and the Share Purchase Price will be adjusted upward in the amount of the excess, and

 

(ii)                                  if the Target Inventory Valuation exceeds the Final Inventory Valuation, Toppan shall pay the excess amount to the VIA Account and the Share Purchase Price will be adjusted downward in the amount of the excess.

 

Section 2.10                            Further Assurances. Following the Closing, each Party shall execute and deliver any additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be reasonably required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE III
CLOSING; CLOSING DELIVERABLES

 

Section 3.01                            Closing. The Closing will take place at the Tokyo office of Jones Day 14 days after the completion of the Spin-off, unless any of the other conditions to closing set forth in ARTICLE VII have not been waived by the appropriate Party or satisfied before completion of the Spin-off (other than the conditions to be satisfied on the Closing Date, but subject to the waiver of those conditions by the appropriate Party or their satisfaction), in which case the Closing will take place within 14 days after waiver by the appropriate Party or satisfaction of all the conditions to closing set forth in ARTICLE VII (other than the conditions to be satisfied on the Closing Date, but subject to the waiver of those conditions by the appropriate Party or their satisfaction), or at such other times and places as the Parties may agree. The date on which the Closing occurs is called the “Closing Date.” Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the Closing will be deemed to occur and be effective at the close of business on the Closing Date.

 

Section 3.02                            Closing Deliverables and Actions.

 

(a)                                 VIA Closing Deliverables and Actions. VIA shall deliver the following documents and take the following actions at Closing:

 

(i)                                     pay the Share Purchase Price to the Toppan Account,

 

(ii)                                  make available the Loan amount to Newco,

 

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(iii)                               cause Newco to pay the Closing IP Purchase Price to the Toppan Account in immediately available funds,

 

(iv)                              deliver its executed signature page to the SPA (if it has not already done so),

 

(v)                                 deliver its executed signature page to the SHA (if it has not already done so),

 

(vi)                              deliver a fully executed copy of the Loan Agreement,

 

(vii)                           take all actions necessary, and deliver all signature pages and other documents necessary, to complete the Perfection Actions, and

 

(viii)                        deliver its signature page, as applicable, of any other Ancillary Agreement the Parties decide to execute or have executed at Closing.

 

(b)                                 Toppan Closing Deliverables and Actions. Toppan shall deliver the following documents and take the following actions at Closing:

 

(i)                                     deliver to VIA a copy of the receipt of the application with the relevant legal affairs bureau for Newco’s commercial registry,

 

(ii)                                  deliver to VIA a certified copy of Newco shareholders’ register duly and validly recording the Share Transfer from Toppan to VIA,

 

(iii)                               deliver its executed signature page to the SPA (if it has not already done so),

 

(iv)                              deliver its executed signature page to the SHA (if it has not already done so),

 

(v)                                 deliver a fully executed copy of the IP Transfer Agreement,

 

(vi)                              deliver a fully executed copy of the IP License Agreement,

 

(vii)                           deliver a fully executed copy of the Secondment Agreement,

 

(viii)                        deliver a fully executed copy of the Manufacturing Agreement,

 

(ix)                              deliver a fully executed copy of the Lease Agreement,

 

(x)                                 deliver a fully executed copy of the Business Assistance Agreement,

 

(xi)                              deliver a fully executed copy of the System License Agreement,

 

(xii)                           deliver a fully executed copy of the Toppan Distribution Agreement,

 

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(xiii)                        deliver a fully executed copy of the VIA Distribution Agreement,

 

(xiv)                       deliver a fully executed copy of the R&D Agreement; and

 

(xv)                          deliver its signature page and Newco’s signature page, as applicable, of any other Ancillary Agreement the Parties decide to execute or have executed at Closing.

 

ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF TOPPAN

 

Toppan represents and warrants to VIA that the statements contained in this ARTICLE IV are true and correct as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (or other date specified in the representations and warranties).

 

Section 4.01                            Organization and Authority. Toppan is a company duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of Japan. Toppan has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreement to which VIA is a party, to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery by Toppan of this Agreement and any Ancillary Agreement to which Toppan is a party, the performance by Toppan of its obligations hereunder and thereunder and the consummation by VIA of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of Toppan. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Toppan, and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by VIA) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Toppan enforceable against Toppan in accordance with its terms, except to the extent enforcement may be affected by laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency and creditors’ rights and by the availability of injunctive relief, specific performance and other equitable remedies. When each Ancillary Agreement to which Toppan is or will be a party has been duly executed and delivered by Toppan (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by each other party thereto), that Ancillary Agreement will constitute a legal and binding obligation of Toppan enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent enforcement may be affected by laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency and creditors’ rights and by the availability of injunctive relief, specific performance and other equitable remedies.

 

Section 4.02                            No Conflicts; Consents. The execution, delivery and performance by Toppan of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, do not and will not: (a) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or default under, any provision of the articles of association or other organizational documents of Toppan or (b) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of any provision of any Law or Governmental Order applicable to Toppan. No consent, approval, Permit, Governmental Order, declaration or filing with, or notice to, any Governmental Authority is required by or with respect to Toppan in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.

 

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Section 4.03                            Legal Proceedings. There are no Actions pending or, to Toppan’s knowledge, threatened against Toppan or any of its Affiliates that challenge or seek to prevent, enjoin or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements. No event has occurred or circumstances exist that may give rise or serve as a basis for any such Action.

 

Section 4.04                            Antisocial Forces. Toppan is not an Antisocial Force and does not have any relationships or interactions with any Antisocial Force.

 

Section 4.05                            Title to Shares; Capitalization. Immediately after completion of the Spin-off and on the Closing Date:

 

(a)                                 Toppan will hold 100% of the share capital of Newco (the “Shares”);

 

(b)                                 Toppan will have legal title to the Shares, free and clear of all Encumbrances of any kind, and upon completion of the Share Transfer, VIA will receive legal title to Shares representing 65% of Newco’s share capital, free and clear of all Encumbrances of any kind, and Toppan will have legal title to Shares representing 35% of Newco’s share capital, free and clear of all Encumbrances of any kind;

 

(c)                                  the Shares will represent 100% of Newco’s authorized and issued and outstanding capital stock;

 

(d)                                 there will be no outstanding options, warrants, call rights or commitments, or any other agreements of any character binding on Newco with respect to Newco’s capital stock or obligating Newco to issue, transfer or sell, or cause to be issued, transferred or sold, any shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, Newco or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, or equity interests, or obligating Newco to grant, extend or enter into any such option, warrant, call, right, commitment or other agreement; and

 

(e)                                  there will be no voting trusts, proxies, shareholders’ agreements or other agreements or understandings relating to Newco’s capital stock to which Newco is a party or is bound with respect to voting any shares of Newco’s capital stock.

 

Section 4.06                            Title to Transferred Assets. Toppan owns and has good title to the Transferred Assets, free and clear of Encumbrances on the date hereof and immediately before the completion of the Spin-off.

 

Section 4.07                            Condition of Transferred Assets. Except as set forth in Section 4.07 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Transferred Assets are in good condition and are adequate for the uses to which they are being put, and none is in need of maintenance or repairs except for ordinary, routine maintenance and repairs that are not material in nature or cost.

 

Section 4.08                            Spin-off. Upon the completion of the Spin-off:

 

(a)                                 the Spin-off will have been completed in accordance with the Spin-off Plan,

 

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(b)                                 the Spin-off will have been completed in accordance with applicable Law without any objections from creditors,

 

(c)                                  Newco will be duly organized under the laws of Japan,

 

(d)                                 the Transferred Assets will have been validly transferred to Newco,

 

(e)                                  no Excluded Assets or Excluded Liabilities will have been transferred to Newco,

 

(f)                                   Newco will have all the permits necessary for the continued conduct of the Business after the Closing in substantially the same manner as conducted immediately before the Closing, and on the Closing Date:

 

(g)                                  Newco will own and have good title to the Transferred Assets, free and clear of Encumbrances, and

 

(h)                                 Newco will have all the permits necessary for the continued conduct of the Business after the Closing in substantially the same manner as conducted immediately before the Closing.

 

Section 4.09                            Sufficiency of non-Intellectual Property Assets. The Transferred Assets and the Re-employed Employees, together with the rights and services to be provided by Toppan to Newco pursuant to the Ancillary Agreements other than the IP License Agreement, are all the non-Intellectual Property assets and rights and services that are necessary and sufficient for the continued conduct of the Business after the Closing in substantially the same manner as conducted immediately before the Closing and constitute all the non-Intellectual Property rights, services, property and assets necessary to conduct the Business as currently conducted.

 

Section 4.10                            Intellectual Property.

 

(a)                                 The Transferred IP constitutes all patent rights and patent applications which, immediately before the Closing Date, (i) are owned exclusively by Toppan and (ii) are necessary for and used by Toppan exclusively for the manufacture, sale, and use of the Products. The heading entitled “Transferred IP” in Section 1.02 of the Disclosure Schedule lists all pending patent applications included in the Transferred IP and their status.

 

(b)                                 The Retained IP constitutes all patent rights and patent applications which, immediately before the Closing Date, (i) are owned exclusively by Toppan and (ii) are necessary for but not used by Toppan exclusively for the manufacture, sale, and use of the Products. The heading entitled “Retained IP” in Section 1.02 of the Disclosure Schedule lists all pending patent applications included in the Retained IP and their status.

 

(c)                                  Toppan owns all right, title and interest in and to the Transferred IP, free and clear of Encumbrances. None of the Transferred IP is subject to a license in favor of a third Person or to royalty payments to any third Person.

 

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(d)                                 Toppan has valid legal title to or contractual rights in all Retained IP as of the Closing.

 

(e)                                  As of the date hereof, (i) Toppan is not subject to any lawsuit alleging that (A) the Products, as sold by Toppan immediately before the date hereof, or the manufacture, sale, or use of such Products, or (B) carrying out the Business as conducted by Toppan immediately before the date hereof, in the case of each of (A) and (B), by using Transferred IP or Retained IP, infringes the intellectual property rights of any third Person, and (ii) Toppan has not received or is not aware of any advance written notice of filing of such lawsuit from any third Person. If between the date hereof and the Closing Date Toppan receives written notice of a lawsuit or an allegation that the use of Transferred IP or Retained IP infringes the intellectual property rights of any third Person, Toppan shall promptly inform VIA thereof and the Parties shall discuss in good faith how to address the lawsuit or allegation.

 

Section 4.11                            Balance Sheet. The Balance Sheet presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Business as of the date of the Balance Sheet.

 

Section 4.12                            Brokers. No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Toppan.

 

Section 4.13                            Exclusive Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties made by Toppan in this ARTICLE IV are the exclusive representations and warranties made by Toppan with respect to itself, the Transferred Assets, the Transferred IP, the Transferred Liabilities, the Business, or the Spin-off, other than representations and warranties relating to the Retained IP that Toppan will make in the IP License Agreement. Toppan hereby disclaims any other express or implied representations or warranties with respect to itself, the Transferred Assets, the Transferred IP, the Business, and the Spin-off, and VIA hereby waives such other express or implied representations or warranties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Toppan represents and warrants that it has not intentionally disclosed (including through documents disclosed in the Data Room) to VIA or its Representatives any material information about the Transferred Assets, the Transferred IP, the Transferred Liabilities, the Business, or the Spin-off that Toppan knew to be materially false at the time of disclosure, nor has Toppan intentionally withheld information that would reasonably be expected to affect a reasonable buyer’s willingness to undertake the Transaction. VIA acknowledges that no documents (other than this Agreement and the IP License Agreement), statement or information made available to it or its Representatives by Toppan or its Representatives contains, directly or indirectly, and none will be deemed, directly or indirectly, to contain, representations or warranties of Toppan with respect to itself, the Transferred Assets, the Transferred IP, the Transferred Liabilities, the Business, or the Spin-off.

 

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ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF VIA

 

VIA represents and warrants to Toppan that the statements contained in this ARTICLE V are true and correct as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (or other date specified in the representations and warranties).

 

Section 5.01                            Organization and Authority. VIA is a company duly organized and validly existing under the Laws of Germany. VIA has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreement to which VIA is a party, to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery by VIA of this Agreement and any Ancillary Agreement to which VIA is a party, the performance by VIA of its obligations hereunder and thereunder and the consummation by VIA of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of VIA. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by VIA, and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Toppan) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of VIA enforceable against VIA in accordance with its terms, except to the extent enforcement may be affected by laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency and creditors’ rights and by the availability of injunctive relief, specific performance and other equitable remedies. When each Ancillary Agreement to which VIA is or will be a party has been duly executed and delivered by VIA (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by each other party thereto), that Ancillary Agreement will constitute a legal and binding obligation of VIA enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent enforcement may be affected by laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency and creditors’ rights and by the availability of injunctive relief, specific performance and other equitable remedies.

 

Section 5.02                            No Conflicts; Consents. The execution, delivery and performance by VIA of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreement to which it is a party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, do not and will not: (a) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or default under, any provision of the articles of association or other organizational documents of VIA or (b) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of any provision of any Law or Governmental Order applicable to VIA. No consent, approval, Permit, Governmental Order, declaration or filing with, or notice to, any Governmental Authority is required by or with respect to VIA in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.

 

Section 5.03                            Legal Proceedings. There are no Actions pending or, to VIA’s knowledge, threatened against VIA or any of its Affiliates that challenge or seek to prevent, enjoin or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreement. No event has occurred or circumstances exist that may give rise or serve as a basis for any such Action.

 

Section 5.04                            Sufficiency of Funds. VIA has sufficient cash on hand or other sources of immediately available funds to enable it to make payment of the Share Purchase Price, to extend the Loan, and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements.

 

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Section 5.05                            Antisocial Forces. VIA is not an Antisocial Force and does not have any relationships or interactions with any Antisocial Force.

 

Section 5.06                            Brokers. No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of VIA.

 

Section 5.07                            Investigation by VIA. VIA has conducted its own independent investigation, verification, review and analysis of the Spin-off, Transferred Assets, Transferred Liabilities, and the Business and its operations, results of operations, financial condition, technology and prospects. In entering into this Agreement, VIA acknowledges that it has relied solely upon the aforementioned investigation, review and analysis and not on any factual representations or opinions of Toppan or any of its Representatives, except the specific representations and warranties of Toppan set forth in ARTICLE IV of this Agreement. VIA acknowledges and agrees that, except as set forth in ARTICLE IV of this Agreement, neither Toppan nor any of its Representatives or any other Person makes, has made, or will make any oral or written representation or warranty (including in the Ancillary Agreements), either express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information relating to the Business, the Transferred Assets, the Transferred Liabilities, or the Spin-off in materials made available to VIA or its Representatives in the Data Room or otherwise.

 

ARTICLE VI
COVFNANTS

 

Section 6.01                            Conduct of Business before Closing; Maintenance of Transferred IP. From the date of this Agreement until the Closing, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or consented to in writing by VIA (which consent VIA shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay), Toppan shall (a) conduct the Business in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (b) use reasonable efforts to maintain and preserve the Transferred Assets and the Business’ relationships with its customers and suppliers.

 

For purposes of this Section 6.01, “reasonable efforts” means that Toppan shall act in good faith and devote a level of effort and resources consistent with what a reasonable party to a purchase agreement exercising prudent business judgment would expend to preserve the assets of a target business until closing and to close a sale of the target business, including the expenditure of nonmaterial out-of-pocket costs and expenses in connection with taking actions that are necessary to perform the undertaking, but not including the expenditure of material amounts to perform the undertaking that the Party is not otherwise required to expend under the Agreement.

 

Section 6.02                            Access to Information. From the date of this Agreement until the Closing, if VIA requires access to information relating to the Business, the Transferred Assets, or the Transferred Liabilities and the information is reasonably necessary to allow VIA to investigate new issues that have arisen in connection therewith and that are material in the context of the Transaction, Toppan shall disclose such information reasonably requested by VIA.

 

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Section 6.03                            Closing Conditions. From the date of this Agreement until the Closing, each Party shall use Reasonable Efforts to take such actions as are necessary to expeditiously satisfy the closing conditions set forth in ARTICLE VII.

 

Section 6.04                            Third-Person Consents; Antitrust Approvals.

 

(a)                                 Each Party shall act diligently and reasonably and shall, at the request of the other Party, use reasonable efforts to secure any consents, waivers and approvals of any third Person (including any Governmental Authority) required to be obtained to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, except that before the Closing, neither VIA nor its Affiliates nor any of their respective Representatives shall contact any customer or supplier of the Business without Toppan’s prior written consent (which consent Toppan shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay).

 

For purposes of this Section 6.04(a), “reasonable efforts” means that the Party with the undertaking shall act in good faith and devote a level of effort and resources consistent with what a reasonable party to a purchase agreement with the intention of consummating the transaction and exercising prudent business judgement would expend to consummate a transaction, including the expenditure of internal resources and out-of-pocket costs and expenses in connection with taking actions that are necessary to perform the undertaking, but not including (i) the expenditure of material monetary amounts to perform the undertaking that the Party is not otherwise required to expend under the Agreement, (ii) the payment of any amount to any third Person (including any Governmental Authority) as consideration to obtain a consent, waiver, or approval, (iii) the commencement or participation in any litigation, (iv) the offer or grant of any accommodation to any third Person (including any Governmental Authority) as consideration to obtain a consent, waiver, or approval, or (v) the undertaking of any obligation or liability (in each case financial or otherwise) to any third Person (including any Governmental Authority) as consideration to obtain a consent, waiver, or approval.

 

(b)                                 On the date hereof, VIA has concluded that the Share Transfer and the other transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will require it to make a filing with or to obtain the approval of the following Governmental Authorities in relation to Antitrust Laws: China and Germany (the “Identified Antitrust Approvals”). VIA shall use its best efforts to obtain, or cause to be obtained, as promptly as possible, the Identified Antitrust Approvals and the Other Antitrust Approvals (the “Antitrust Approvals”). In particular, VIA shall (i) make appropriate filing to the relevant Governmental Authorities in Germany for the Identified Antitrust Approval in Germany within 15 Business Days after the date hereof (ii) initiate contact with the relevant Governmental Authorities in connection with the filing for the Identified Antitrust Approvals in China within 15 Business Days after the date hereof and shall make an official filing submission with those Governmental Authorities as promptly as possible thereafter but in any event within 30 days after the date hereof, (iii) definitively identify all and Other Antitrust Approvals and notify Toppan of these approvals by December 13, (iv) make official filings for the Other Antitrust Approvals by December 29, 2017, and (iv) supply as promptly as practicable to those Governmental Authorities any additional

 

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information and documentary material that they may request. VIA shall pay all filing fees required to paid to any Governmental Authority in connection with any required Antitrust Approval. VIA shall provide updates to Toppan on a regular basis and when requested by Toppan on the status of the efforts to obtain the Antitrust Approvals and shall take into account any comments provided by Toppan in relation to the Antitrust Approvals. Toppan shall cooperate with VIA in promptly seeking to obtain the Antitrust Approvals.

 

(c)                                  Without limiting the generality of VIA’s undertaking pursuant to this Section 6.04, VIA shall take any and all steps necessary to avoid or eliminate each and every impediment or to satisfy each and every condition under any Antitrust Law that may be asserted by any Governmental Authority so as to obtain the Antitrust Approvals and to allow the Parties to close the Share Transfer and other transactions contemplated under the Transaction Documents as promptly as possible, including proposing, negotiating, committing to and effecting, the sale, divestiture or disposition of any of its assets, properties or businesses or of the assets, properties or businesses to be acquired by it pursuant to this Agreement as is required by a Governmental Authority to obtain Antitrust Approval.

 

Section 6.05                            Confidentiality.

 

(a)                                 VIA acknowledges that the information being provided to it in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents is subject to the terms of the NDA, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference. Effective upon, and only upon, the Closing, the obligations under the NDA will terminate except with respect to provisions regarding disclosure and use of confidential information not related to the Transferred Assets and Retained IP, which will continue indefinitely. If for any reason this Agreement is terminated prior to the Closing Date, the NDA will continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

 

(b)                                 VIA shall, and shall cause Newco after the Closing to, to the extent either of them has any nonpublic information not relating solely to the Transferred Assets and Retained IP (any such information, “Toppan Information”) (i) treat Toppan Information strictly confidentially, (ii) not use Toppan Information for any purpose, and (iii) to the extent Toppan Information is documented or exists in written, photographical or other physical form, return such information (and any copies made thereof) to Toppan, and to the extent it is stored in electronic form, make a copy available to Toppan and expunge such information from any computer or other data carrier, in each case promptly after the Closing, and VIA shall, upon written request of Toppan, confirm to Toppan in writing compliance with these obligations by VIA and Newco.

 

Section 6.06                            Balance Sheet. Before the Closing, the Parties shall discuss in good faith and agree on a balance sheet for Newco as of immediately following completion of the Spin-off (the “Balance Sheet”).

 

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Section 6.07                            Transferred IP.

 

(a)                                 Until Closing, Toppan will exercise commercially reasonable efforts consistent with Toppan’s IP policies to prosecute the patent applications included in the Transferred IP and to maintain the patents included in the Transferred IP.

 

(b)                                 The Parties shall cause Newco to take all necessary steps to record the transfer of the Transferred IP with the Japan Patent Office and other relevant patent offices and to perfect the transfer of the Transferred IP promptly after the Closing. Toppan shall provide reasonable assistance to Newco in this regard.

 

(c)                                  Before Closing, Toppan shall inform VIA in writing of the estimated time and costs necessary for the issuance of the patent applications included in the Transferred IP. The Parties shall discuss these estimates and VIA shall, after discussion, acknowledge these estimates.

 

(d)                                 After Closing, Newco shall be solely responsible for prosecuting any patent applications included in the Transferred IP. Toppan shall provide reasonable assistance to Newco with respect to ongoing patent applications in exchange for reasonable compensation payable by Newco as agreed by the Parties.

 

Section 6.08                            Further Assurances. Following the Closing, each Party shall execute and deliver any additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be reasonably required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS TO CLOSING

 

Section 7.01                            Conditions to Obligations of Both Parties. The obligations of each Party to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents are subject to the fulfillment, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

 

(a)                                 No Law is in effect, and no Governmental Authority has enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any Governmental Order, that has the effect of making the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents illegal, otherwise restraining, enjoining, or prohibiting consummation of such transactions or causing any of the transactions contemplated hereunder to be rescinded following completion thereof.

 

(b)                                 No waiting period (including any extensions thereof) under Antitrust Laws or investigation by a Governmental Authority relating to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents is unexpired or pending.

 

Section 7.02                            Conditions to Obligations of VIA. The obligation of VIA to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions:

 

(a)                                 The representations and warranties of Toppan in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on the date hereof and on the Closing Date with the same effect as though made on such date (except those representations and warranties

 

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that address matters only as of a specified date, the accuracy of which will be determined on that specified date in all respects).

 

(b)                                 Toppan has duly performed and complied in all material respects with all agreements, covenants and conditions required by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to be performed or complied with by it before the Closing Date.

 

Section 7.03                            Conditions to Obligations of Toppan. The obligation of Toppan to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions:

 

(a)                                 The representations and warranties of VIA in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on the date hereof and on the Closing Date with the same effect as though made on such date (except those representations and warranties that address matters only as of a specified date, the accuracy of which will be determined on that specified date in all respects).

 

(b)                                 VIA has duly performed and complied in all material respects with all agreements, covenants and conditions required by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to be performed or complied with by it before the Closing Date.

 

ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION

 

Section 8.01                            Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time before the Closing:

 

(a)                                 by the mutual written consent of the Parties;

 

(b)                                 by VIA by written notice to Toppan if:

 

(i)                                     VIA is not then in material breach of any provision of this Agreement and there has been a breach, inaccuracy in or failure to perform any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement made by Toppan pursuant to this Agreement that would give rise to the failure of any of the conditions specified in ARTICLE VII and such breach, inaccuracy or failure has not been cured by Toppan within 20 days after Toppan’s receipt of written notice of such breach from VIA; or

 

(ii)                                  any condition set forth in Section 7.01 or Section 7.02 has not been, or if it becomes apparent that any such condition will not be, fulfilled by June 30, 2018, unless the failure is due to the failure of VIA to perform or comply with any of the covenants, agreements or conditions hereof to be performed or complied with by it before the Closing; or

 

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(c)                                  by Toppan by written notice to VIA if:

 

(i)                                     Toppan is not then in material breach of any provision of this Agreement and there has been a breach, inaccuracy in or failure to perform any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement made by VIA pursuant to this Agreement that would give rise to the failure of any of the conditions specified in ARTICLE VII and such breach, inaccuracy or failure has not been cured by VIA within 20 days after VIA’s receipt of written notice of such breach from Toppan; or

 

(ii)                                  any condition set forth in Section 7.01 or Section 7.03 has not been, or if it becomes apparent that any of such condition will not be, fulfilled by June 30, 2018, unless such failure is due to the failure of Toppan to perform or comply with any of the covenants, agreements or conditions hereof to be performed or complied with by it before the Closing.

 

Section 8.02                            Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated in accordance with this ARTICLE VIII, this Agreement will immediately become void and:

 

(a)                                 If Toppan terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01(c)(i), VIA shall pay the Termination Fee in immediately available funds to the Toppan Account within 30 days after Toppan’s notice of termination. VIA acknowledges that (i) the agreement contained in this Section 8.02(a) is an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) in light of the difficulty of accurately determining actual damages upon Toppan’s termination of this Agreement under circumstances in which the Termination Fee is payable pursuant to this Section 8.02(a), Toppan’s right to the Termination Fee constitutes a reasonable estimate of the losses that will be suffered by reason of any such termination of this Agreement and thus constitutes liquidated damages (and not a penalty). If VIA fails to pay the Termination Fee when due, VIA shall reimburse Toppan and its Affiliates for all reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred or accrued by them (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) in connection with any action (including the filing of any lawsuit) taken to collect payment of the Termination Fee, together with interest on such unpaid amounts at five percent per year calculated on a daily basis from the date the Termination Fee was required to be paid to the date of actual payment.

 

(b)                                 If VIA terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(i), Toppan shall pay the Termination Fee in immediately available funds to the VIA Account within 30 days after VIA’s notice of termination. Toppan acknowledges that (i) the agreement contained in this Section 8.02(a) is an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) in light of the difficulty of accurately determining actual damages upon VIA’s termination of this Agreement under circumstances in which the Termination Fee is payable pursuant to this Section 8.02(a), VIA’s right to the Termination Fee constitutes a reasonable estimate of the losses that will be suffered by reason of any such termination of this Agreement and thus constitutes liquidated damages (and not a penalty). If Toppan fails to pay the Termination Fee when due, Toppan shall reimburse VIA and its Affiliates for all reasonable costs and expenses actually incurred or accrued by them (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) in connection with any action (including the filing of any lawsuit) taken to collect payment of the Termination

 

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Fee, together with interest on such unpaid amounts at five percent per year calculated on a daily basis from the date the Termination Fee was required to be paid to the date of actual payment.

 

(c)                                  Neither Party will have any liability except as set forth in Section 8.02(a) or Section 8.02(b) relating to payment of the Termination Fee, Section 6.05, this ARTICLE VIII, ARTICLE IX, ARTICLE X, or in any corresponding definitions set forth in ARTICLE I.

 

(d)                                 Nothing herein relieves either Party from liability for fraud or for any breach of any provision of this Agreement before termination.

 

ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 9.01                            Survival. Subject to the limitations and other provisions of this Agreement, the representations and warranties contained herein will survive the Closing and will remain in full force and effect for a period of 12 months from the Closing Date. None of the covenants or other agreements contained in this Agreement will survive the Closing Date other than those which by their terms contemplate performance after the Closing Date, and each such surviving covenant and agreement will survive the Closing for the period contemplated by its terms. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any claims asserted in good faith with reasonable specificity (to the extent known at such time) and in writing by notice from the non-breaching Party to the breaching Party before the expiration of the applicable survival period will not thereafter be barred by the expiration of that survival period and such claims will survive until finally resolved.

 

Section 9.02                            Indemnification by Toppan. Subject to the other terms and conditions of this ARTICLE IX, Toppan shall indemnify VIA against, and shall hold VIA harmless from and against, any and all Losses incurred or sustained by, or imposed upon, VIA based upon, arising out of, with respect to or by reason of:

 

(a)                                 any inaccuracy in or breach of any of the representations or warranties of Toppan contained in this Agreement; or

 

(b)                                 any breach or non-fulfillment of any covenant, agreement or obligation to be performed by Toppan pursuant to this Agreement.

 

Section 9.03                            Indemnification by VIA. Subject to the other terms and conditions of this ARTICLE IX, VIA shall indemnify Toppan against, and shall hold Toppan harmless from and against, any and all Losses incurred or sustained by, or imposed upon, Toppan based upon, arising out of, with respect to or by reason of:

 

(a)                                 any inaccuracy in or breach of any of the representations or warranties of VIA contained in this Agreement; or

 

(b)                                 any breach or non-fulfillment of any covenant, agreement or obligation to be performed by VIA pursuant to this Agreement.

 

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Section 9.04                            Certain Limitations. The party making a claim under this ARTICLE IX is referred to as the “Indemnified Party” and the party against whom that claim is asserted under this ARTICLE IX is referred to as the “Indemnifying Party.” The indemnification provided for in Section 9.02 and Section 9.03 is subject to the following limitations:

 

(a)                                 The Indemnifying Party will not be liable to the Indemnified Party for indemnification under Section 9.02(a) or Section 9.03(a), as the case may be, until the aggregate amount of all Losses in respect of indemnification under Section 9.02(a) or Section 9.03(a) exceeds JPY10,000,000, in which event the Indemnifying Party shall pay or be liable only for Losses in excess of this amount.

 

(b)                                 The aggregate amount of all Losses for which an Indemnifying Party shall be liable pursuant to Section 9.02(a) or Section 9.03(a), as the case may be, will not exceed (i) 40% of the Share Purchase Price actually received by Toppan, if Toppan is the Indemnifying Party, or (ii) 20% of the Share Purchase Price, if VIA is the Indemnifying Party, unless VIA’s indemnification obligation arises from its failure to pay the Share Purchase Price, in which event VIA’s liability will not exceed 100% of the Share Purchase Price.

 

(c)                                  Payments by an Indemnifying Party pursuant to Section 9.02 or Section 9.03 in respect of any Loss will be limited to the amount of any liability or damage that remains after deducting therefrom any insurance proceeds and any indemnity, contribution or other similar payment received or reasonably expected to be received by the Indemnified Party (or the Company) in respect of any such claim. The Indemnified Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to recover under insurance policies or indemnity, contribution or other similar agreements for any Losses before seeking indemnification under this Agreement.

 

(d)                                 Payments by an Indemnified Party pursuant to or in respect of any Loss will be reduced by an amount equal to any tax benefit realized as a result of such Loss by the Indemnified Party. If an Indemnified Party is required under this Agreement to indemnify an Indemnified Party for a Loss suffered by the Indemnified Party (the “Indemnified Loss”) and if it is reasonably expected that the Indemnifiable Loss could lead the Indemnified Party to realize a tax benefit but the realization of the tax benefit is not certain when the Indemnifying Party must pay the Indemnifiable Loss, the Indemnifying Party may withhold payment of the portion of the Indemnifiable Loss equal to the reasonably expected tax benefit (the “Anticipated Tax Benefit Amount”) until it is possible to confirm whether the tax benefit will be realized. As soon as the amount of the realized tax benefit has been confirmed, the Indemnifying Party shall pay to the Indemnified Party the difference between the withheld Anticipated Tax Benefit Amount and the actually realized tax benefit. For the avoidance of doubt, the Indemnifying Party shall pay the portion of the Indemnifiable Loss other than the Anticipated Tax Benefit Amount.

 

(e)                                  In no event will any Indemnifying Party be liable to any Indemnified Party for any punitive, incidental, consequential, special or indirect damages, including loss of future revenue or income, loss of business reputation or opportunity relating to the breach

 

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or alleged breach of this Agreement, or diminution of value or any damages based on any type of multiple.

 

(f)                                   Each Indemnified Party shall take, and cause its Affiliates to take, all reasonable steps to mitigate any Loss upon becoming aware of any event or circumstance that would be reasonably expected to, or does, give rise thereto, including incurring costs only to the minimum extent necessary to remedy the breach that gives rise to such Loss.

 

(g)                                  Toppan will not be liable under this Agreement for any Losses based upon or arising out of a fact or event that occurred before the Closing and that Toppan disclosed to VIA either (i) in the Disclosure Schedule, or (ii) in the Data Room.

 

Section 9.05                            Indemnification Procedures.

 

(a)                                 Third-Party Claims. If any Indemnified Party receives notice of the assertion or commencement of any action, suit, claim or other legal proceeding made or brought by any Person who is not a party to this Agreement or an Affiliate of a Party to this Agreement or a Representative of the foregoing (a “Third-Party Claim”) against such Indemnified Party with respect to which the Indemnifying Party is obligated to provide indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnified Party shall give the Indemnifying Party prompt written notice thereof. The failure to give such prompt written notice will not, however, relieve the Indemnifying Party of its indemnification obligations, except and only to the extent that the Indemnifying Party forfeits rights or defenses by reason of such failure. Such notice by the Indemnified Party must describe the Third-Party Claim in reasonable detail, must include copies of all material written evidence thereof, and must specify the estimated amount, if reasonably practicable, of the Loss that has been or may be sustained by the Indemnified Party. The Indemnifying Party may participate in, or by giving written notice to the Indemnified Party, may assume the defense of, any Third-Party Claim at the Indemnifying Party’s expense and by the Indemnifying Party’s own counsel, in which case the Indemnified Party shall cooperate in good faith in such defense. If the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any Third-Party Claim, subject to Section 9.05(b), it may take such action as it deems necessary to avoid, dispute, defend, appeal or make counterclaims pertaining to any such Third-Party Claim in the name and on behalf of the Indemnified Party. The Indemnified Party may, at its own cost and expense, participate in the defense of any Third-Party Claim with counsel selected by it subject to the Indemnifying Party’s right to control the defense thereof. If the Indemnifying Party elects not to compromise or defend such Third-Party Claim or fails to promptly notify the Indemnified Party in writing of its election to defend as provided in this Agreement, the Indemnified Party may, subject to Section 9.05(b), pay, compromise, defend such Third-Party Claim and seek indemnification for any and all Losses based upon, arising from or relating to such Third-Party Claim. The Parties shall cooperate with each other in all reasonable respects in connection with the defense of any Third-Party Claim, including making available (subject to the provisions of Section 6.05) records relating to such Third-Party Claim and furnishing, without expense (other than reimbursement of actual out-of-pocket expenses) to the defending Party, management employees of the non-defending Party as may be reasonably necessary for the preparation of the defense of the Third-Party Claim.

 

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(b)                                 Settlement of Third-Party Claims. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Indemnifying Party shall not enter into settlement of any Third-Party Claim without the advance written consent of the Indemnified Party (which consent the Indemnified Party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay, or condition), except as provided in this Section 9.05(b). If a firm offer is made to settle a Third-Party Claim without leading to liability or the creation of a financial or other obligation on the part of the Indemnified Party and provides, in customary form, for the unconditional release of each Indemnified Party from all liabilities and obligations in connection with the Third-Party Claim and the Indemnifying Party desires to accept and agree to the offer, the Indemnifying Party shall give written notice to that effect to the Indemnified Party. If the Indemnified Party fails to consent to the settlement offer within ten days after its receipt of the notice, the Indemnified Party may continue to contest or defend the Third-Party Claim, and in such event, the maximum liability of the Indemnifying Party as to the Third-Party Claim will not exceed the amount of the settlement offer. If the Indemnified Party fails to consent to the settlement offer and also fails to assume defense of the Third-Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party may settle the Third-Party Claim upon the terms set forth in the settlement offer.

 

(c)                                  Direct Claims. If the Indemnified Party has a claim on account of a Loss that does not result from a Third-Party Claim (a “Direct Claim”), Indemnified Party shall assert the Direct Claim by giving the Indemnifying Party prompt written notice thereof. The failure to give such prompt written notice shall not, however, relieve the Indemnifying Party of its indemnification obligations, except and only to the extent that the Indemnifying Party forfeits rights or defenses by reason of such failure. Such notice by the Indemnified Party must describe the Direct Claim in reasonable detail, must include copies of all material written evidence thereof, and must specify the estimated amount, if reasonably practicable, of the Loss that has been or may be sustained by the Indemnified Party. The Indemnifying Party must respond in writing to such Direct Claim within 30 days after its receipt of the notice. During this 30-day period, the Indemnified Party shall allow the Indemnifying Party and its professional advisors to investigate the matter or circumstance alleged to give rise to the Direct Claim, and whether and to what extent any amount is payable in respect of the Direct Claim, and the Indemnified Party shall assist the Indemnifying Party’s investigation by giving such information and assistance (including access to the Company’s premises and personnel and the right to examine and copy any accounts, documents or records) as the Indemnifying Party or any of its professional advisors may reasonably request. If the Indemnifying Party does not so respond within the 30-day period, the Indemnifying Party will be deemed to have rejected the claim, in which case the Indemnified Party may pursue such remedies as may be available to the Indemnified Party on the terms and subject to the provisions of this Agreement.

 

Section 9.06                            Tax Treatment of Indemnification Payments. All indemnification payments made under this Agreement will be treated by the Parties as an adjustment to the Share Purchase Price for tax purposes, unless otherwise required by Law or by tax authorities or other Governmental Authorities.

 

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Section 9.07                            Exclusive Remedies. The Parties acknowledge and agree that their sole and exclusive remedy with respect to any and all claims (other than claims arising from intentional fraud on the part of a Party in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) for any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant, agreement or obligation set forth herein or otherwise relating to the subject matter of this Agreement, will be pursuant to the indemnification provisions set forth in this ARTICLE IX. Nothing in this Section 9.07 limits either Party’s right to seek any remedy on account of intentional misrepresentation or fraud by either Party.

 

ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 10.01                     Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 10.02                     Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 10.03                     Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by facsimile or e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 10.03):

 

If to VIA:

 

VIA optronics GmbH
Lettenfeldstr. 15, 90592 Schwarzenbruck
Facsimile:
E-mail: djuergens@via-optronics.com; jwoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Daniel Jürgens and Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH (Hauptsitz)
Rundfunkplatz 2
80335 Munchen
Facsimile:
E-mail:

 

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Attention: Dr. Heiko Frank

 

 

 

 

 

Jones Day
Kamiyacho Prime Place
1-17, Toranomon 4-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN
E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com
Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

 

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539
Facsimile:
E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp,
kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp,
Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)
Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl
2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, JAPAN
E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com
Attention: Eric Marcks

 

Section 10.04                     Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 10.05                     Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 10.06                     Entire Agreement. This Agreement and all related Exhibits and Schedules hereto constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter (including the Touch Panel Business Project Term Sheet entered into by the Parties on July 13, 2017. In particular, ARTICLE III and ARTICLE IX constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to representations and warranties and indemnification and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, including those contained in the Ancillary Agreements, with respect to representations and warranties and indemnification.

 

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Section 10.07                     Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 10.08                     No Third-party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 10.09                     Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 10.10                     Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)                                 This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)                                 The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 10.10(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)                                  If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 10.10(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under any one or more of the Ancillary Agreements (notwithstanding the fact that those agreements may be governed by different laws).

 

30


 

Section 10.11                     Specific Performance. The Parties agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Parties are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 10.12                     Attorneys’ Fees. If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

Section 10.13                     Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

31


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VIA OPTRONICS GMBH

 

VIA OPTRONICS GMBH

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

By:

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

Name:

Jürgen Eichner

 

Name:

Daniel Jürgens

Title:

Managing Director

 

Title:

Managing Director

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 

32



EX-10.5 5 filename5.htm

Exhibit 10.5

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ AGREEMENT

 

between

 

VIA OPTRONICS GMBH

 

and

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

dated

 

March 23, 2018

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I EFFECTIVENESS; DEFINITIONS; INTERPRETATION

1

 

 

ARTICLE II MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF THE COMPANY

5

 

 

ARTICLE III CALL AND PUT OPTIONS

8

 

 

ARTICLE IV TRANSFER OF SHARES

11

 

 

ARTICLE V PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHTS

15

 

 

ARTICLE VI NON-COMPETE AND OTHER AGREEMENTS

17

 

 

ARTICLE VII TERM AND TERMINATION

20

 

 

ARTICLE VIII MISCELLANEOUS

21

 


 

Shareholders’ Agreement

 

This Shareholders’ Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 23, 2018 between VIA optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (the “VIA”) and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (the “Toppan” and, together with VIA, the “Shareholders”)

 

Recitals

 

A.            Pursuant to the Framework Agreement, the Shareholders have agreed to establish a company under the laws of Japan (the “Company”) that will operate a business (the “Business”) in Japan that develops, manufactures, and markets copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules (Sensors”) and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors (Films”; with the Sensors, the “Products”).

 

B.            Pursuant to the Framework Agreement, VIA will own 65% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company and Toppan will own 35% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company.

 

C.            The Shareholders wish to set forth in this Agreement their respective rights and obligations in connection with the Company.

 

The Shareholders hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
EFFECTIVENESS; DEFINITIONS; INTERPRETATION

 

Section 1.01.                         Effectiveness. This Agreement will not become effective until the completion of the Closing (the “Effective Date”). If the Closing does not occur, this Agreement will not come into effect and no Shareholder will be bound by any of its terms.

 

Section 1.02.                         Definitions. The following terms have the meanings specified or referred to below:

 

Affiliate: Means, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

Business Day: Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan or Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Closing: The Closing of the transactions contemplated under the Framework Agreement, as defined in the Framework Agreement.

 


 

Companies Act: The Company Act of Japan (Act No. 86 of July 26, 2005, as amended).

 

Controlled Affiliates: In the case of VIA, any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, is wholly-owned by, VIA, and in the case of Toppan, means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, is wholly-owned by Toppan, and reports to the Electronics Division in the organizational structure of Toppan group. For the purpose of this definition, Electronics Division means the electronics business division, or any successor thereof, within the Toppan group, which develops, manufacturers, and markets display-and semiconductor-related products.

 

Fiscal Year: April 1 to March 31.

 

Framework Agreement: The Framework Agreement entered into between the Shareholders on November 30, 2017.

 

GAAP: Generally accepted accounting principles in effect from time to time in Japan.

 

Going Concern FMV: The price on which a willing and able buyer and a willing and able seller, acting at arm’s length in an open and unrestricted market, when neither is under compulsion to buy or sell the Shares, would agree for 100% of the Shares, taking into account any entitlements for distribution of profits that may pass to the buyer, calculated on a going-concern basis (i.e., enterprise value adjusted for net debt). The Going Concern FMV will in no case be less than the Company’s liquidation value (net asset value in a liquidation scenario).

 

Government Approval: Any authorization, consent, approval, waiver, exception, variance, order, exemption, publication, filing, declaration, concession, grant, franchise, agreement, permission, permit, or license of, from or with any Governmental Authority, the giving notice to, or registration with, any Governmental Authority or any other action in respect of any Governmental Authority.

 

Governmental Authority: Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

Law: Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Lien: Any lien, claim, charge, mortgage, pledge, security interest, option, preferential arrangement, right of first offer, encumbrance or other restriction or limitation of any nature whatsoever.

 

Material Breach: A breach of any of the following provisions of this Agreement: Section 2.02(c), Section 2.02(d), Section 2.02(e), ARTICLE III (but only to the extent that the breach prevents the non-breaching Shareholder from exercising its rights under ARTICLE III),

 

2


 

Section 4.01, Section 4.02 (but only to the extent that the breach prevents the non-breaching Shareholder from exercising its rights under Section 4.02), Section 4.03 (but only to the extent that the breach prevents the non-breaching Shareholder from exercising its rights under Section 4.03), Section 6.01 (but only to the extent the breach has a material and adverse effect on the non-breaching Shareholder), and Section 6.02(e) (but only to the extent the breach has a material and adverse effect on the non-breaching Shareholder).

 

Net Asset HMV: The fair market value of the Company’s assets less its liabilities as calculated in accordance with GAAP. The valuation of the Company’s assets will be the price on which a willing and able buyer and a willing and able seller, acting at arm’s length in an open and unrestricted market, when neither is under compulsion to buy or sell the assets, would agree for the assets.

 

Permitted Transferee: With respect to any Shareholder, any Affiliates of such Shareholder that do not compete with any business in which the other Shareholder or its Affiliates engage.

 

Person: An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Representative: With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Satte Facility: The facility located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013 Japan.

 

Share: A share of capital stock of the Company.

 

Shiga Facility: The facility located at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan.

 

Third-Party Purchaser: Any Person who, immediately before the contemplated transaction, (a) does not directly or indirectly own or have the right to acquire any outstanding Shares or (b) is not a Permitted Transferee of any Person who directly or indirectly owns or has the right to acquire any Shares.

 

Transfer: To sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber, hypothecate or similarly dispose of, either voluntarily or involuntarily, or to enter into any contract, option or other arrangement or understanding with respect to the sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or similar disposition of, any Share owned by a Person or any interest (including a beneficial interest) in any Share owned by a Person.

 

Section 1.03.                         Shareholders’ Obligation to Cause the Company to Act.

 

(a)                                 To the extent this Agreement contemplates any obligation on the Company, the Shareholders shall cause the Company to perform that obligation.

 

3


 

(b)                                 If this Agreement requires a Shareholder to cause the Company to perform an obligation, that Shareholder must take all necessary or desirable actions within its control, including the exercise of all voting rights associated with all Shares over which it has control, to cause the Company to perform the obligation.

 

Section 1.04.                         Other Defined Terms. In addition to the terms defined above, the following terms shall have the respective meanings given thereto in the articles indicated below:

 

Defined Term

 

Section

 

 

 

Agreement

 

Preamble

Board

 

Section 2.02(a)

Business

 

Recitals

Company

 

Recitals

Deadlock

 

Section 3.01(a)

Deadlock Call Right

 

Section 3.01(b)(i)

Deadlock Put Right

 

Section 3.01(b)(ii)

Director

 

Section 2.02(a)

Effective Date

 

Section 1.01

Exercising Shareholder

 

Section 5.01(d)

Films

 

Recitals

Independent Accountants

 

Section 3.04(a)

Initiating Shareholder

 

Section 3.01(b)

Information

 

Section 6.03(b)

Issuance Notice

 

Section 5.01(b)

Lock-up Period

 

Section 4.01(a)

New Shares

 

Section 5.01(a)

Non-Exercising Shareholder

 

Section 5.01(d)

Non-Compete Period

 

Section 6.01(c)

Over-allotment Exercise Period

 

Section 5.01(d)

Over-allotment New Shares

 

Section 5.01(d)

Over-allotment Notice

 

Section 5.01(d)

Pre-emptive Exercise Period

 

Section 5.01(c)

Pre-emptive Pro Rata Portion

 

Section 5.01(c)

Pre-emptive Shareholder

 

Section 5.01(a)

Products

 

Recitals

Proposed Transfer Shares

 

Section 4.02(a)

Purchasing Shareholder

 

Section 4.02(d)

Rights Exercise Period

 

Section 4.02(d)

ROFR Notice

 

Section 4.02(d)

ROFR Holder

 

Section 4.02(a)

Sale Notice

 

Section 4.02(b)

Selling Shareholder

 

Section 4.02(a)

Sensors

 

Recitals

Shareholders

 

Preamble

Statutory Auditor

 

Section 2.04

Tag-along Notice

 

Section 4.03(b)

 

4


 

Tag-along Sale

 

Section 4.03(a)

Tag-along Shareholder

 

Section 4.03(a)

Toppan

 

Preamble

Toppan Director

 

Section 2.02(a)(ii)

VIA

 

Preamble

VIA Director

 

Section 2.02(a)(i)

 

ARTICLE II
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF THE COMPANY

 

Section 2.01.                         Corporate Name and Headquarters. Unless agreed to otherwise by the Shareholders:

 

(a)                                 the Company will be a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha);

 

(b)                                 the Company’s corporate name will initially be Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd and it will be changed to VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. promptly after the Effective Date; and

 

(c)                                  the Company’s headquarters will be at the Shiga Facility.

 

Section 2.02.                         Board of Directors.

 

(a)                                 The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) will consist of up to three members (each, a “Director”). The Directors will be elected to the Board in accordance with the following procedures:

 

(i)                                     VIA may designate two Directors (the “VIA Directors”); and

 

(ii)                                  Toppan may designate one Director, (the “Toppan Director”).

 

(b)                                 The Company will have one representative director, who will be designated by VIA from among the VIA Directors.

 

(c)                                  Each Shareholder shall exercise all voting rights associated with all Shares over which it has control and shall take all other necessary or desirable actions within its control to elect to the Board any individual designated by an Shareholder pursuant to Section 2.02(a).

 

(d)                                 Each Shareholder may at any time remove (with or without cause) any Director designated by it for election to the Board and each other Shareholder shall vote all shares of Common Stock over which it has voting control and shall take all other necessary or desirable actions within its control to remove from the Board any individual designated by it that it desires to remove pursuant to this Section 2.02. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, unless an Shareholder otherwise consents in writing, no other Shareholder shall take any action to cause the removal of any Directors designated by an Shareholder.

 

(e)                                  If a vacancy is created on the Board at any time and for any reason (whether as a result of death, disability, retirement, resignation or removal pursuant to Section

 

5


 

2.02(d)), the Shareholder that designated the vacating Director may designate a different individual to replace that Director and each other Shareholder shall vote all Shares over which it has voting control and shall take all other necessary or desirable actions within its control to elect to the Board any individual designated by that Shareholder.

 

Section 2.03.                         Meetings of the Board of Directors.

 

(a)                                 The Board will meet at least once every calendar quarter at such times and in such places (in or outside Japan) as the Board may designate from time to time, on condition that at least 20 Business Days’ advance written notice be given to the Directors. At least two of these meetings must be in-person meetings. In addition to the regular meetings contemplated by the two foregoing sentences, special meetings of the Board may be called by any Director or Shareholder on at least 20 Business Days’ advance written notice of the time, place and agenda of the meeting. If the Directors agree to shorten the notice period for a quarterly or a special Board meeting, that meeting will be held on the earlier date agreed by the Directors.

 

(b)                                 The Directors may participate in any meeting of the Board that is not an in-person meeting by means of video conference, teleconference or other similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and such participation will constitute such Director’s presence in person at the meeting. When an in-person meeting is held, a Director who wishes to participate in the meeting must do so by physically attending the meeting.

 

(c)                                  The presence of a majority of Directors then in office will constitute a quorum, on condition that the notice periods specified in Section 2.03(a) have been followed. If a quorum is not achieved at any duly called meeting, the meeting may be postponed to a time no earlier than five Business Days after written notice of such postponement has been given to the Directors.

 

(d)                                 Unless otherwise restricted by this Agreement, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all directors or members of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

 

(e)                                  Board meetings will be conducted in English; except that the Shareholders shall cause the Company to make, upon advance written request by Toppan, arrangements of a simultaneous interpreter into Japanese at the Toppan’s expense. Written minutes of the meetings will be prepared in Japanese and English by the Company and distributed to each Director and the Statutory Auditor promptly following each meeting.

 

(f)                                   Any time an action is required to be approved by resolution at a duly convened and constituted meeting of the Board, the Board may act without advance convocation notice and without meeting and a vote if a consent in writing setting forth the resolution so made is executed by all Directors and all Statutory Auditor(s). Such consents in writing may be communicated and executed in counterparts and by electronic means, including e-mail.

 

6


 

Section 2.04.                         Statutory Auditor. The Company will have one statutory auditor (kansayaku) (the “Statutory Auditor”), who will be designated by VIA. The Statutory Auditor may be removed at any time by VIA. lithe Statutory Auditor ceases acting as Statutory Auditor for any reason, the Representative Director may designate a replacement who is approved in writing by VIA. Each Shareholder shall take all necessary or desirable actions within its control to ensure the appointment of such replacement.

 

Section 2.05.                         Shareholders’ Meetings. The Company will have at least one shareholders’ meeting each Fiscal Year. The meeting will take place at such time and place as is determined by the Board in accordance with the Companies Act with at least 14 days’ advanced written notice to the Shareholders. Shareholders may attend shareholders’ meetings in person, by teleconference, by videoconference, or by any other means of attendance permitted under the Companies Act and the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. Except for the Shareholder Reserved Matters or as otherwise set out in the Companies Act, all matters arising at any shareholders’ meeting or otherwise proposed to the Shareholders will require an affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding Shares present and eligible to vote at a shareholders’ meeting. Meetings will be conducted in English; except that the Shareholders shall cause the Company to make, upon advanced written request by Toppan, arrangements of a simultaneous interpreter into Japanese at the Toppan’s expense. Written minutes of each meeting will be prepared by the Company in English and Japanese and distributed to each Shareholder promptly following each meeting. Any time an action is required to be approved by resolution at a duly convened and constituted shareholders’ meeting, the Shareholders may act without advanced convocation notice and without meeting and a vote if a consent in writing setting forth the resolution so made is executed by all Shareholders. Such consents in writing may be communicated and executed in counterparts and by electronic means, including e-mail.

 

Section 2.06.                         Voting Arrangements.

 

(a)                                 The actions set forth as Board Reserved Matters in Part 1 of Exhibit A must not be taken unless they have been approved by resolution (i) at a duly convened and constituted Board meeting at which a quorum is present and (ii) in favor of which the Toppan Director has voted.

 

(b)                                 The actions set forth as Shareholder Reserved Matters in Part 2 of Exhibit A must not be taken unless they have been approved by resolution (i) at a duly convened and constituted shareholders’ meeting and (ii) in favor of which Toppan has voted.

 

(c)                                  Matters not set forth as Board Reserved Matters or Shareholder Reserved Matters in Exhibit A that are subject to statutory special resolution (super-majority voting of shareholders) pursuant to the Companies Act must be approved by a super-majority pursuant to the Companies Act.

 

Section 2.07.                         Financing.

 

(a)                                 The Company’s capital expenditures will be financed by the following means in the following order:

 

(i)                                     the Company’s operating cash flow,

 

7


 

(ii)                                            debt financing from a third Person such as bank loans, finance lease, etc.,

 

(iii)                               loans provided by one or more of the Shareholders, and

 

(iv)                              capital increase (additional equity contribution).

 

No Shareholder will be required to make shareholder loans or to participate in capital increases provided in clause (iii) or (iv) without that Shareholder’s consent, which it may withhold in its sole discretion.

 

(b)                                 The Shareholders shall cause the Company to provide a business plan for the use of any financing it may request.

 

(c)                                  If the Board determines to increase production capacity of films for the Business’s growth, the Shareholders shall cause the Company to invest to increase production capacity. Notwithstanding Section 2.07(a), one or both Shareholders may make a loan to the Company to cover the costs to increase production capacity, at its sole discretion. The detailed conditions of the loan by the Shareholder(s) will be determined upon mutual consultation before the decision of such investment is made by the Board.

 

Section 2.08.                         Company Seal. The official company seal of the Company registered with the Legal Affairs Bureau (the “Company Seal”) shall be stored in a secure place at the Company’s headquarters. Access to and use of the Company Seal will be restricted to two individuals designated by VIA and notified to Toppan (together, the “Authorized Individuals”) and to the Company’s representative director. VIA may change the Authorized Individuals from time to time after discussion with Toppan, on condition that the Authorized Individuals be based at the Company’s headquarters.

 

ARTICLE III
CALL AND PUT OPTIONS

 

Section 3.01.                         Deadlock.

 

(a)                                 If at two successive meetings of the Board the Directors are unable to reach a decision by the required vote regarding any Board Reserved Matter, or if at two successive shareholders’ meetings the Shareholders are unable to reach a decision by the required vote regarding any Shareholder Reserved Matter (a “Deadlock”), the Board or the Shareholders, as the case may be, shall refer the matter subject to the Deadlock to senior executives of the Shareholders, who shall attempt, through good-faith discussions, to resolve such matter within 30 days after referral to them of the Deadlocked issue (or, if mutually agreed by the Shareholders, a longer period of time). Any resolution agreed to by the Shareholders will be final and binding on the Company and the Shareholders.

 

(b)                                 If the issue subject to the Deadlock has not been resolved in accordance with Section 3.01(a) and if a Shareholder believes in good faith acting reasonably that the Company cannot be effectively operated or managed as a result of the Deadlock and if that Shareholder provides the other Shareholders a written explanation of the basis for this belief

 

8


 

within 30 days after the expiration of the period described in Section 3.01(a) (the “Initiating Shareholder”), then within 30 days after the expiration of the period described in Section 3.01(a):

 

(i)                                     if the Initiating Shareholder is VIA, it will have the right (a “Deadlock Call Right”) by written notice to Toppan to purchase all of the Shares owned by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees, and

 

(ii)                                  if the Initiating Shareholder is Toppan, it will have the right (a “Deadlock Put Right”) by written notice to VIA to cause VIA to purchase all of the Shares owned by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees.

 

(c)                                  The purchase price payable by VIA upon the exercise of a Deadlock Call Right will be equal to 103% of the Going Concern FMV of the Shares held by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees and the purchase price payable by VIA upon the exercise of a Deadlock Put Right will be equal to 97% of the Going Concern FMV of the Shares held by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees.

 

(d)                                 During the continuation of any Deadlock and before the closing of any sale and purchase pursuant to this Section 3.01, the Shareholders shall cause the Company to continue to operate in a manner consistent with its prior practices and this Agreement until the Deadlock is resolved.

 

Section 3.02.                         Material Breach.

 

(a)                                 If Toppan commits a Material Breach, VIA may purchase all Shares held by Toppan for 50% of their Going Concern FMV and if VIA commits a Material Breach, Toppan may cause VIA to purchase all Shares held by Toppan for 150% of their Going Concern FMV.

 

(b)                                 If a Shareholder commits a Material Breach and the other Shareholder wishes to exercise its rights set forth in Section 3.02(a), the exercising Shareholder shall deliver to the breaching Shareholder a written notice of the breach. If the breach is of a nature that can be cured, the exercising Shareholder may exercise its rights under Section 3.02(a) if the breaching Shareholder has not cured the breach within 30 days after the date of the exercising Shareholder’s written notice to the breaching Shareholder, and if the breach is of a nature that cannot be cured, the exercising Shareholder may exercise its rights under Section 3.02(a) immediately upon the date of the exercising Shareholder’s written notice to the breaching Shareholder.

 

Section 3.03.                         Consecutive Losses.

 

(a)                                 If the Company generates net losses for three straight years, the Shareholders shall meet in person, on two separate occasions within a two-month period, to discuss in good faith and to formulate a plan to bring the Company to profitability. If the Shareholders are unable to agree on such a plan at these two meetings, VIA may purchase all Shares held by Toppan for 100% of those Shares’ Net Asset FMV (i.e., Toppan’s shareholder percentage multiplied by the Company’s Net Asset FMV) and Toppan may cause VIA to

 

9


 

purchase all Shares held by Toppan for 100% of those Shares’ Net Asset FMV (i.e., Toppan’s shareholder percentage multiplied by the Company’s Net Asset FMV).

 

(b)                                 If an Shareholder wishes to exercise its rights set forth in Section 3.03(a), the exercising Shareholder shall deliver to the other Shareholder a written notice of its intention to exercise those rights after the conclusion of the second meeting at which the Shareholders are unable to formulate a plan to bring the Company to profitability.

 

Section 3.04.                         Determination of Fair Market Values.

 

(a)                                 Within 20 days after the exercise of the Deadlock Call Right or Deadlock Put Right or the rights under Section 3.02 or Section 3.03, as the case may be, the Shareholders shall appoint a firm of internationally-recognized independent accountants on which the Shareholders agree (the “Independent Accountants”) to determine (i) the Going Concern FMV of the Shares held by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees, in the event Deadlock Call Right, Deadlock Put Right or the rights under Section 3.02 are exercised, and (ii) the Net Assets FMV of the Shares held by Toppan and its Permitted Transferees, in the event the rights under Section 3.03 are exercised. The Shareholders shall instruct the Independent Accountant to render its determination of the Going Concern FMV or the Net Asset FMV, as the case may be, in writing within 30 days after the Independent Accountants’ appointment. The Independent Accountant’s determination will be final for all purposes of Section 3.01, Section 3.02 and Section 3.03. The costs and expenses of the Independent Accountant will be borne equally by the Shareholders.

 

(b)                                 To enable the Independent Accountant to conduct the valuation, the Shareholders shall, and Shareholders shall cause the Company to, furnish to the Independent Accountant such information as the Independent Accountant may request, including information regarding the Business and the Company’s assets, properties, financial condition, earnings and prospects.

 

Section 3.05.                         Closing of Put and Call Options.

 

(a)                                 Within 20 days after the date of the final determination of the Going Concern FMV or the Net Asset FMV, as the case may be (which period will be extended solely to the extent necessary to obtain any required Government Approvals, on condition that each Shareholder shall, and shall cause its Permitted Transferees to, use their reasonable best efforts to obtain such approval in a timely manner), Toppan shall, and shall cause its Permitted Transferees to, sell to VIA, free and clear of any Liens, all of the Shares held by them.

 

(b)                                 Each Shareholder shall take all actions as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the sale contemplated by Section 3.01, Section 3.02 and Section 3.03, including entering into agreements and delivering certificates and instruments and consents as may be deemed necessary or appropriate.

 

(c)                                  At the closing of any sale and purchase pursuant to Section 3.01, Section 3.02 and Section 3.03, Toppan shall, and shall cause its Permitted Transferees to, sign and deliver to VIA and the Company the instructions (the entry request letter) to update the Company’s shareholders’ register to record the Share Transfer (kabunushi meibo kakikae

 

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seikyuusho) against receipt of the purchase price therefor from VIA by wire transfer of immediately available funds.

 

ARTICLE IV
TRANSFER OF SHARES

 

Section 4.01.                         Lock-up; Restrictions on Transfer.

 

(a)                                 For the two-year period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the second anniversary of the date hereof (Lock-up Period”), no Shareholder shall Transfer any of its Shares except:

 

(i)                                     to a Permitted Transferee that agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement;

 

(ii)                                  in accordance with the procedures described in Section 3.01 or Section 3.02; or

 

(iii)                               pursuant to a merger, consolidation or other business combination of the Company with a Third-Party Purchaser that has been approved in compliance with Section 2.06.

 

(b)                                 After the expiration of the Lock-up Period, no Shareholder shall, Transfer any of its Shares except:

 

(i)                                     to a Permitted Transferee that agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement;

 

(ii)                                  in accordance with the procedures described in ARTICLE III, Section 4.02, or Section 4.03; or

 

(iii)                               pursuant to a merger, consolidation or other business combination of the Company with a Third-Party Purchaser that has been approved in compliance with Section 2.06.

 

(c)                                  Each Shareholder making a Transfer (whether or not to a Permitted Transferee) of Shares shall give advance notice to the Company of such Transfer (whether or not to a Permitted Transferee). Before the consummation of any Transfer by any Shareholder of any of its Shares, that Shareholder shall cause the transferee thereof to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Upon any Transfer by any Shareholder of any of its Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the transferee thereof will be substituted for, and will assume all the rights and obligations under this Agreement of, the transferring Shareholder.

 

(d)                                 Any Transfer or attempted Transfer of any Shares in violation of this Agreement will be null and void and the Shareholders shall cause the Company to refrain from recording any such Transfer on the Company’s books and the purported transferee in any such Transfer will not be treated (and the purported transferor shall continue be treated) as the owner of such Shares for all purposes of this Agreement.

 

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Section 4.02.                         Right of First Refusal.

 

(a)                                 If at any time after the Lock-up Period a Shareholder (such Shareholder, the “Selling Shareholder”) receives a bona fide offer from any Third-Party Purchaser to purchase all or any portion of the Shares (the “Proposed Transfer Shares”) owned by the Selling Shareholder and the Selling Shareholder desires to Transfer the Proposed Transfer Shares (other than Transfers that are permitted by Section 4.01(b)), the Selling Shareholder must first offer the Proposed Transfer Shares to the other Shareholder (such Shareholder, the “ROFR Holder”) in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4.02.

 

(b)                                 The Selling Shareholder shall, at least 60 days before the anticipated closing of the Transfer, give written notice (the “Sale Notice”) to the Company and the ROFR Holder stating that it has received a bona fide offer from a Third-Party Purchaser and specifying:

 

(i)                                     the number of Proposed Transfer Shares to be Transferred by the Selling Shareholder;

 

(ii)                                  the identity of the Third-Party Purchaser;

 

(iii)                               the per Share purchase price and the other material terms and conditions of the Transfer, including a description of any non-cash consideration in sufficient detail to permit the valuation thereof;

 

(iv)                              the proposed date, time and location of the closing of the Transfer; and

 

(v)                                 a copy of any form of agreement proposed to be executed in connection therewith.

 

The Sale Notice will constitute the Selling Shareholder’s offer to Transfer the Proposed Transfer Shares to the ROFR Holder, which offer will be irrevocable until the end of the Rights Exercise Period.

 

(c)                                  By delivering the Sale Notice, the Selling Shareholder represents and warrants to the Company and to the ROFR Holder that: (i) the Selling Shareholder has full right, title and interest in and to the Proposed Transfer Shares; (ii) the Selling Shareholder has all the necessary power and authority and has taken all necessary action to Transfer such Proposed Transfer Shares as contemplated by this Section 4.02; and (iii) the Proposed Transfer Shares are free and clear of any and all Liens other than those arising as a result of or under the terms of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                 Upon receipt of the Sale Notice, the ROFR Holder will have 60 days (the “Rights Exercise Period”) to elect to purchase all (and not less than all) of the Proposed Transfer Shares by delivering a written notice (a “ROFR Notice”) to the Selling Shareholder and the Company stating that it offers to purchase such Proposed Transfer Shares on the terms specified in the Sale Notice. Any ROFR Notice will be binding upon delivery and irrevocable by the ROFR Holder. If the ROFR Holder delivers a ROFR Notice, ROFR Holder (the “Purchasing

 

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Shareholder”), it shall purchase, and the Selling Shareholder shall sell to it, all the Proposed Transfer Shares.

 

(e)                                  If the ROFR Holder does not deliver a ROFR Notice during the Rights Exercise Period, it will be deemed to have waived all its rights to purchase the Proposed Transfer Shares under this Section 4.02.

 

(f)                                   Each Shareholder shall take all actions as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the Transfer contemplated by this Section 4.02, including entering into agreements and delivering certificates and instruments and consents as may be deemed necessary or appropriate.

 

(g)                                  At the closing of any Transfer pursuant to this Section 4.02, the Selling Shareholder shall deliver to the Purchasing Shareholder the certificate or certificates representing the Proposed Transfer Shares to be sold (if any), accompanied by stock powers and all necessary stock transfer taxes paid and stamps affixed, if necessary, against receipt of the purchase price therefor from the Purchasing Shareholder by wire transfer of immediately available funds.

 

Section 4.03.                         Tag-along Rights.

 

(a)                                 If the ROFR Holder does not deliver a ROFR Notice during the Rights Exercise Period or does not exercise its rights to purchase any Proposed Transfer Shares under Section 4.02, the ROFR Holder may participate in the Selling Shareholder’s Transfer of the Proposed Transfer Shares to the Third-Party Purchaser as described in the Sale Notice on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 4.03 (a “Tag-along Sale”).

 

(b)                                 If the ROFR Holder satisfies the conditions set forth in Section 4.03(a) and wishes to participate in a Tag-along Sale (the “Tag-along Shareholder”), it may do so by delivering to the Selling Shareholder a written notice (a “Tag-along Notice”) before expiration of the Rights Exercise Period stating its election to do so and specifying the number of Shares to be Transferred. The offer of the Tag-along Shareholder set forth in a Tag-along Notice will be irrevocable, and the Tag-along Shareholder shall participate in the Tag-along Sale on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 4.03. The Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder may Transfer in a Transfer pursuant to this Section 4.03 the number of Shares equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of Shares the Third-Party Purchaser proposes to buy as stated in the Sale Notice less any Shares subject to a ROFR Notice delivered in accordance with Section 4.02(d) and (y) a fraction, (A) the numerator of which is equal to the number of Shares then held by the Selling Shareholder or the Tag-along Shareholder, as the case may be, and (B) the denominator of which is equal to the number of Shares then held by the Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder.

 

(c)                                  If the ROFR Holder does not deliver a Tag-along Notice in compliance with Section 4.03(b) above it will be deemed to have waived all its rights to participate in the Transfer and the Selling Shareholder may thereafter Transfer to the-Third-Party Purchaser its Shares at a per share price that is no greater than the per share price set forth in the Sale Notice and on other same terms and conditions that are not materially more favorable to the Selling

 

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Shareholder than those set forth in the Sale Notice without any further obligation to the ROFR Holder.

 

(d)                                 The Tag-along Shareholder participating in a Transfer pursuant to this Section 4.03 will receive the same consideration per Share as the Selling Shareholder after deduction of that Tag-along Shareholder’s proportionate share of the related expenses in accordance with Section 4.03(f) below.

 

(e)                                  The Tag-along Shareholder shall make or provide the same representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities and agreements as the Selling Shareholder makes or provides in connection with the Tag-along Sale (except that in the case of representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities and agreements pertaining specifically to the Selling Shareholder, the Tag-along Shareholder shall make the comparable representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities and agreements pertaining specifically to itself); provided that all representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities will be made by the Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder severally and not jointly and any indemnification obligation in respect of breaches of representations and warranties will be pro rata based on the consideration received by the Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder, in each case, in an amount not to exceed the aggregate proceeds received by the Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder in connection with any Tag-along Sale.

 

(f)                                   The fees and expenses of the Selling Shareholder incurred in connection with a Tag-along Sale and for the benefit of both Shareholders participating in the Tag-along Sale (it being understood that costs incurred by or on behalf of the Selling Shareholder for its sole benefit will not be considered to be for the benefit of both Shareholders participating in the Tag-along Sale), to the extent not paid or reimbursed by the Company or the Third-Party Purchaser, will be shared by both Shareholders participating in the Tag-along Sale on a pro rata basis, based on the aggregate consideration received by each such Shareholder, except that neither Shareholder will be obligated to make or reimburse any out-of-pocket expenditure before the consummation of the Tag-along Sale.

 

(g)                                  The Selling Shareholder and the Tag-along Shareholder shall take all actions as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the Tag-along Sale, including entering into agreements and delivering certificates and instruments, in each case consistent with the agreements being entered into and the certificates being delivered by the Selling Shareholder.

 

(h)                                 The Selling Shareholder will have 60 days following the expiration of the Rights Exercise Period in which to Transfer the Shares described in the Sale Notice that are not subject to a duly delivered ROFR Notice or a Tag-along Notice on the terms set forth in the Sale Notice (such 60-day period may be extended for a reasonable time not to exceed 90 days to the extent reasonably necessary to obtain any Government Approvals). If at the end of that 60-day period (or extended 90-day period) the Selling Shareholder has not completed the Transfer, the Selling Shareholder may not complete the Transfer of Shares without again fully complying with the provisions of Section 4.02 or this Section 4.03.

 

(i)                                     If the Selling Shareholder Transfers to the Third-Party Purchaser any of its Shares in breach of this Section 4.03, the Tag-along Shareholder may Transfer to the Selling

 

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Shareholder, and the Selling Shareholder shall purchase from the Tag-along Shareholder, the number of Shares that the Tag-along Shareholder would have had the right to Transfer to the Third-Party Purchaser pursuant to this Section 4.03, for a per share amount and form of consideration and upon the terms and conditions on which the Third-Party Purchaser bought the Shares from the Selling Shareholder, but without indemnity being granted by the Tag-along Shareholder to the Selling Shareholder, except that this Section 4.03 does not preclude the Tag-along Shareholder from seeking alternative remedies against the Selling Shareholder as a result of that Selling Shareholder’s breach of this Section 4.03. The Selling Shareholder shall also reimburse the Tag-along Shareholder for any and all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including reasonable legal fees and expenses, incurred pursuant to the exercise or the attempted exercise of the Tag-along Shareholder’s rights.

 

ARTICLE V
PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHTS

 

Section 5.01.                         Pre-emptive Right. The Shareholders will have pre-emptive rights with respect to issuances of new Shares by the Company consistent with subsections (a) through (f) of this Section 5.01. The Shareholders shall cause the Company to perform all its obligations set forth under subsections (a) through (f) of this Section 5.01 and the Shareholders shall cause the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to have a provision that is consistent with subsections (a) through (f) of this Section 5.01.

 

(a)                                 The Company shall grant to each Shareholder (each, a “Pre-emptive Shareholder”) the right to purchase its pro rata portion of any new Shares (the “New Shares”) that the Company may from time to time propose to issue or sell to any Person.

 

(b)                                 The Company shall give written notice (an “Issuance Notice”) of any proposed issuance or sale described in subsection (a) above to the Pre-emptive Shareholders within five Business Days following any meeting of the Board or Shareholders at which any such issuance or sale is approved. The Issuance Notice must set forth the material terms and conditions of the proposed issuance, including:

 

(i)                                     the number of New Shares proposed to be issued and the percentage of the Company’s outstanding Shares, on a fully diluted basis, that such issuance would represent;

 

(ii)                                  the proposed issuance date, which must be at least 45 days from the date of the Issuance Notice; and

 

(iii)                               the proposed purchase price per Share.

 

(c)                                  Each Pre-emptive Shareholder may, for a period of 60 days following the receipt of an Issuance Notice (the “Pre-emptive Exercise Period”), elect irrevocably to purchase, at the purchase price set forth in the Issuance Notice, the number of New Shares equal to the product of (x) the total number of New Shares to be issued by the Company on the issuance date and (y) a fraction determined by dividing (A) the number of Shares owned by such Pre-emptive Shareholder immediately before the issuance by (B) the total number of Shares outstanding on such date immediately before the issuance (the “Pre-emptive Pro Rata

 

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Portion”) by delivering a written notice to the Company. Such Pre-emptive Shareholder’s election to purchase New Shares will be binding and irrevocable.

 

(d)                                 No later than five Business Days following the expiration of the Pre-emptive Exercise Period, the Company shall notify each Pre-emptive Shareholder in writing of the number of New Shares that each Pre-emptive Shareholder has agreed to purchase (including, for the avoidance of doubt, where such number is zero) (the “Over-allotment Notice”). Each Pre-emptive Shareholder exercising its right to purchase its Pre-emptive Pro Rata Portion of the New Shares in full (an “Exercising Shareholder”) will have a right of over-allotment such that if any other Pre-emptive Shareholder fails to exercise its right under this Section 5.01 to purchase its Pre-emptive Pro Rata Portion of the New Shares (each, a “Non-Exercising Shareholder”), such Exercising Shareholder may purchase all or any portion of such Non-Exercising Shareholder’s allotment (the “Over-allotment New Shares”) by giving written notice to the Company, within 30 days after receipt of the Over-allotment Notice (the “Over-allotment Exercise Period”), setting forth the number of Over-allotment New Shares that such Exercising Shareholder is willing to purchase. Such Exercising Shareholder’s election to purchase Over-allotment New Shares will be binding and irrevocable. If more than one Exercising Shareholder elects to exercise its right of over-allotment, each Exercising Shareholder may purchase the number of Over-allotment New Shares it elected to purchase in its written notice, except that if the Over-allotment New Shares are over-subscribed, each Exercising Shareholder shall purchase its pro rata portion of the available Over-allotment New Shares based upon the relative Pre-emptive Pro Rata Portions of the Exercising Shareholders.

 

(e)                                  The Company may complete the proposed issuance or sale of New Shares described in the Issuance Notice with respect to any New Shares not elected to be purchased pursuant to Section 5.01(c) and Section 5.01(d) in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Issuance Notice (except that the amount of New Shares to be issued or sold by the Company may be reduced) so long as such issuance or sale is closed within 30 days after the expiration of the Over-allotment Exercise Period (subject to the extension of such 30-day period for a reasonable time not to exceed 60 days to the extent reasonably necessary to obtain any Government Approvals). If the Company has not sold the New Shares within that period, the Company shall not thereafter issue or sell any New Shares without first again offering them to the Shareholders in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5.01.

 

(f)                                   Upon the consummation of the issuance of any New Shares in accordance with this Section 5.01, the Company shall deliver to each Exercising Shareholder certificates (if any) evidencing the New Shares, the Company shall issue the New Shares free and clear of any Liens (other than those arising hereunder and those attributable to the actions of the purchasers thereof), and the Company shall so represent and warrant to the purchasers thereof, and further represent and warrant to the purchasers that the New Shares will be, upon issuance thereof to the Exercising Shareholders and after payment therefor, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Each Exercising Shareholder shall deliver to the Company the purchase price for the New Shares purchased by it by wire transfer of immediately available funds. Each party to the purchase and sale of New Shares shall take all other actions as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the purchase and sale including entering into additional agreements as may be necessary or appropriate.

 

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ARTICLE VI
NON-COMPETE AND OTHER AGREEMENTS

 

Section 6.01.                         Non-Compete.

 

(a)                                 During the Non-Compete Period, neither Shareholder nor any of its Permitted Transferees shall, directly or indirectly through one or more of any of their respective Controlled Affiliates, manufacture or have manufactured any Product anywhere in the world, except that (i) they may have the Company manufacture Products and sell the Products to the Shareholders, (ii) Toppan may manufacture copper PET film as contemplated in and in accordance with the Manufacturing Agreement (as defined in the Framework Agreement), (iii) if the Company is not able to supply either Shareholder with Products that satisfy the quantities, specifications, and pricing required by that Shareholder (with market price being the benchmark), that Shareholder may use the Transferred IP (as defined in the Framework Agreement) to manufacture and use the Products, and (iv) the Shareholders may manufacture Products as otherwise agreed by the Shareholders.

 

(b)                                 During the Non-Compete Period, neither Shareholder nor any of its Permitted Transferees shall, directly or indirectly through one or more of any of their respective Affiliates, solicit for employment or hire any employee of the other Shareholder or induce any such employee to terminate his or her employment with the other Shareholder, except that neither Shareholder will be prohibited from soliciting or hiring any employees of the other Shareholder who initiate contact with the first Shareholder in response to a general employment solicitation or advertisement made by or on behalf of the first Shareholder that is not targeted or directed at the employees of the other Shareholder.

 

(c)                                  The “Non-Compete Period” is the period starting on the Effective Date and ending on the later of (1) the date on which either Shareholder or its Permitted Transferees cease to hold any Shares and (2) three years after the Effective Date, except that the Non-Compete Period may be terminated earlier in any of the following cases:

 

(i)                                     if Toppan has exercised its rights under Section 3.02 upon a Material Breach by VIA, in which case the Non-Compete Period will terminate for Toppan but not VIA upon exercise by Toppan of those rights,

 

(ii)                                  if VIA has exercised its rights under Section 3.02 upon a Material Breach by Toppan, in which case the Non-Compete Period will terminate for VIA but not Toppan upon exercise by VIA of those rights,

 

(iii)                               if the Company has three consecutive years of net losses and either Shareholder has exercised its rights under Section 3.03, in which case the Non-Compete Period will terminate for both Shareholders upon exercise by either Shareholder of those rights, or

 

(iv)                              if VIA has exercised its Deadlock Call Right or Toppan has exercised its Deadlock Put Right, in which case the Non-Compete Period will terminate for both Shareholders upon exercise by either Shareholder of those rights.

 

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(d)                                 Scope of Application. The non-compete obligations in this Section 6.01 apply not only to each Shareholder, but also to each Shareholder’s Controlled Affiliates, and each Shareholder shall cause its Controlled Affiliates to comply with the non-compete obligations in this Section 6.01 as if that Controlled Affiliate were a Shareholder to this Agreement. Further, neither Shareholder shall take any action for the express purpose of circumventing the objectives of this Section 6.01, including but not limited to, (i) reducing the ownership stake of a Controlled Affiliate or, (ii) in the case of Toppan, having a Person that is wholly owned by Toppan but that does not report to the Electronic Division in the Toppan group’s organizational structure engage in the activities restricted in this Section 6.01, except that if Toppan or an Controlled Affiliate that does not report to the Electronics Division acquires a Person that already engages in the activities restricted in this Section 6.01 and if that Person does not report to the Electronics Division, Toppan will not be deemed to have breached Section 6.01 as a result acquiring that Person.

 

Section 6.02.                         Manufacture and Purchase of Products.

 

(a)                                 The Shareholders shall cause the Company not to engage, directly or indirectly, in any manufacturing, with the following exceptions:

 

(i)                                     the Company may manufacture Sensors only at the Shiga Facility only;

 

(ii)                                  the Company may have subcontractors manufacture Products only; and

 

(iii)                               the Company may have Toppan manufacture Films only at the Satte Facility only.

 

(b)                                 The Company may purchase Films from suppliers.

 

(c)                                  The Company may distribute Products through the Shareholders pursuant to distribution agreements entered into between the Company and each Shareholder (the “Distribution Agreements”).

 

(d)                                 The Shareholders will be distributors for Products and each Shareholder’s distribution rights will be set forth in its respective Distribution Agreement.

 

(e)                                  Each Shareholder shall purchase Products exclusively from the Company through its respective Distribution Agreement, but if the Company is not able to supply either Shareholder with Products that satisfy the quantities, specifications, and pricing required by that Shareholder (with market price being the benchmark), that Shareholder may use the Transferred IP (as defined in the Framework Agreement) to manufacture and use the Products.

 

Section 6.03.                         Confidentiality.

 

(a)                                 Each Shareholder shall and shall cause its Representatives to, keep confidential and not divulge any information (including all budgets, business plans and analyses) concerning the Company, including its assets, business, operations, financial condition or

 

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prospects (“Information”), and to use, and cause its Representatives to use, the Information only in connection with the operation of the Company; provided that nothing herein will prevent any Shareholder from disclosing the Information (i) upon the order of any court or administrative agency, (ii) upon the request or demand of any regulatory agency or authority having jurisdiction over that Shareholder, (iii) to the extent compelled by legal process or required or requested pursuant to subpoena, interrogatories or other discovery requests, (iv) to the extent necessary in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder, (v) to other Shareholders, (vi) to that Shareholder’s Representatives or Affiliates that, in the reasonable judgment of that Shareholder, need to know the Information for the purpose of furtherance of the Business by the Company, or (vii) to any potential Permitted Transferee in connection with a proposed Transfer of Common Stock from such Shareholder, provided, further, that in the case of clause (i), (ii) or (iii), that Shareholder shall notify the other Shareholder of the proposed disclosure as far in advance of disclosure as practicable and use reasonable efforts to ensure that any Information so disclosed is accorded confidential treatment, when and if available, and in the case of clause (vi) or (vi), the Shareholder making such disclosure cause its Representatives or Affiliates or potential Permitted Transferees that have received any Information of the other Shareholder to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Shareholder be responsible for any act by such Representatives or Affiliates or potential Permitted Transferees that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Shareholder.

 

(b)                                 The restrictions of Section 6.03(a) do not apply to information that (i) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by a Shareholder or any of its Representatives or Affiliates in violation of this Agreement, (ii) is or becomes available to a Shareholder or any of its Representatives or Affiliates on a non-confidential basis before its disclosure to the receiving Shareholder and any of its Representatives or Affiliates, (iii) is or has been independently developed or conceived by a Shareholder without use of the Company’s Information, or (iv) becomes available to the receiving Shareholder or any of its Representatives or Affiliates on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Company, any other Shareholder or any of their respective Representatives or Affiliates, as long as such source is not known by the recipient of the information to be bound by a confidentiality agreement with the disclosing Shareholder or any of its Representatives or Affiliates.

 

Section 6.04.                         Financial Statements. In addition to, and without limiting any rights that a Shareholder may have with respect to inspection of the books and records of the Company under the Companies Act, the Shareholders shall cause the Company to furnish to each Shareholder the following information:

 

(a)                                 As soon as available, and in any event within 90 days after the end of each Fiscal Year, the audited balance sheet of the Company as at the end of each such Fiscal Year and the audited statements of income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for such year, accompanied by the certification of independent certified public accountants of recognized national standing selected by the Board to the effect that, except as set forth therein, such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, applied on a basis consistent with prior years and fairly present in all material respects the financial condition of the Company as of the dates thereof and the results of its operations and changes in its cash flows and shareholders’ equity for the periods covered thereby.

 

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(b)                                 As soon as available, and in any event within 30 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, the balance sheet of the Company at the end of such quarter and the statements of income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for such quarter, all in reasonable detail and all prepared in accordance with GAAP, consistently applied, and certified by the Company’s representative director.

 

(c)                                  Any reports, as soon as they become available, that the Company is required by applicable Law or pursuant to the terms of any outstanding indebtedness of the Company.

 

Section 6.05.                         Inspection Rights.

 

(a)                                 The Shareholders shall cause the Company to, and to cause its officers, Directors and employees to, (i) afford each Shareholder that owns at least 3% of the Company’s outstanding Shares and the Representatives of each such Shareholder, during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice, reasonable access at all reasonable times to its officers, employees, auditors, properties, offices, plants and other facilities and to all books and records, and (ii) afford such Shareholder the opportunity to consult with the Company’s officers from time to time regarding the Company’s affairs, finances and accounts as each such Shareholder may reasonably request upon reasonable notice.

 

(b)                                 The right set forth in Section 6.05(b) above does not and is not intended to limit any rights that the Shareholders may have with respect to the books and records of the Company, or to inspect its properties or discuss its affairs, finances and accounts, under applicable Law.

 

Section 6.06.                         Adjustment of Rights. The rights of each Shareholder and other terms of this Agreement (including the Reserved Matters) will be adjusted equitably and in good faith if the Shareholders’ respective Share ownership percentages change after the date hereof.

 

ARTICLE VII
TERM AND TERMINATION

 

Section 7.01.                         Termination. This Agreement will terminate upon the earliest of:

 

(a)                                 the date on which only one of the Shareholders holds any Shares;

 

(b)                                 the dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company; and

 

(c)                                  upon the unanimous agreement of the Shareholders.

 

Section 7.02.                         Effect of Termination.

 

(a)                                 The termination of this Agreement will terminate all further rights and obligations of the Shareholders under this Agreement except that such termination will not affect:

 

(i)                                     the Company’s existence;

 

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(ii)                                  the obligation of any Shareholder to pay any amounts arising on or before the date of termination, or as a result of or in connection with such termination;

 

(iii)                               the rights that any Shareholder may have by operation of law as a shareholder of the Company; or

 

(iv)                              the rights contained herein which, by their terms are intended to survive termination of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                 The following provisions will survive the termination of this Agreement: ARTICLE I, Section 6.01, Section 6.03, this Section 7.02(b), and ARTICLE VIII.

 

ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 8.01.                         Representations and Warranties. Each Shareholder, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to each other Shareholder that, except for this Agreement, such Shareholder has not entered into or agreed to be bound by any other agreements or arrangements of any kind with any other party with respect to the Shares, including agreements or arrangements with respect to the acquisition or disposition of Shares or any interest therein or the voting of Shares (whether or not such agreements and arrangements are with the Company or any other Shareholder).

 

Section 8.02.                         Limitation on Damages. In no event will a Shareholder be liable to the other Shareholders for lost opportunities, lost revenues, or indirect, consequential, punitive, or other special damages regardless of legal theory relating to the breach or alleged breach of this Agreement, except for the violation of the non-compete obligation in Section 6.01.

 

Section 8.03.                         Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Shareholder incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 8.04.                         Release of Liability. In the event any Shareholder Transfers all of the Shares held by it in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement without retaining any interest therein, that Shareholder will cease to be a party to this Agreement and will be relieved and have no further liability arising hereunder for events occurring from and after the date of that Transfer.

 

Section 8.05.                         Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Shareholders at the following addresses (or at such other

 

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address for a Shareholder of which that Shareholder notifies the other Shareholder in accordance with this Section 8.05):

 

If to VIA:

 

VIA optronics GmbH

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: djuergens@via-optronics.com; jwoerle@via-optronics.com

Attention: Daniel Jürgens and Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nürnberg

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: KBickelbacher@via-optronics.com

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

 

 

 

 

Jones Day

Kamiyacho Prime Place

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

 

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp, kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp,

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)

Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl

2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074,

JAPAN

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com

Attention: Eric Marcks

 

Section 8.06.                         Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 8.07.                         Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon determination that any term or other provision is

 

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invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Shareholders shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Shareholders’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 8.08.                         Entire Agreement. This Agreement and all Exhibits and Schedules hereto constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the Shareholders with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

Section 8.09.                         Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Shareholders and their respective successors and permitted assigns. No Shareholder shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Shareholders, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. No assignment will relieve the assigning Shareholder of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 8.10.                         No Third-party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Shareholders (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 8.11.                         Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Shareholder. No waiver by a Shareholder of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Shareholder. No waiver by a Shareholder will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 8.12.                         Governing Law. This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Ja pan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

Section 8.13.                         Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)                                 The Shareholders shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Shareholder of a written request for negotiation under this Section 8.13, the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Shareholders’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

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(b)                                 If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Shareholder of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 8.13, the Shareholders shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Shareholders shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Shareholders and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Shareholders consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 8.14.                         Equitable Remedies. The Shareholders agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Shareholders are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 8.15.                         Attorneys’ Fees. if any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Shareholder will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Shareholder may be entitled.

 

Section 8.16.                         Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Shareholders have executed this Shareholders’ Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

 

VIA optronics GmbH

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Jürgen Eichner

 

Name: Jürgen Eichner

 

Title: Managing Director

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

 

Name: Daniel Jürgens

 

Title: Managing Director

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Shareholders have executed this Shareholders’ Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name: Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title: Senior General Manager

 


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Part 1— Board Reserved Matters

 

1)                                     The decision on any delegation, assignment or revocation of any authority to a person, committee or other organization of the Company other than the Board (e.g. Managing Director, General Manager etc.) regarding any matters on which the Board has the authority to make a decision.

 

2)                                     The approval and modification of business plan and strategic guidelines of the Company regarding the Business and new business lines (other than the Business) which is to be implemented by the Company.

 

3)                                     The decision to invest or disinvest in new business lines other than the Business.

 

4)                                     The decision on matters related to bonds for subscription.

 

5)                                     The decision on matters related to mergers, company split, share swaps and/or share transfers, business transfer, or acquisition of business.

 

6)                                     The decision on the establishment, relocation, closure, integration of a place of business (branch office, branch, sales office, plant research facility, etc.)

 

7)                                     The decision on the payment to a third party that fall outside the normal course of business (indemnification, compensation or damage, donations, grants or monetary contributions, condolence payments or rewards, etc.), which is or exceeds JPY10 million in total per case or project.

 

8)                                     The decision on the acquisition, purchase, transfer, lease, rental, lending or other disposition of fixed asset, intangible asset, or real estate, where the consideration, price, fee or charge is or exceeds JPY10 million per month, or JPY100 million in total, which is not approved by the Shareholders in a business plan or in this Agreement.

 

9)                                     The decision on the acquisition or transfer of share, or on the creation of real rights or other security interests of shares of any other joint-stock company, where the consideration, price, fee or charge is or exceeds JPY 10 million in total per case or project.

 

10)                              The decision on the contribution or transfer of investment on entity other than joint-stock company, where the consideration, price, fee or charge is or exceeds JPY 10 million in total per case or project.

 

11)                              The decision on giving loans or granting collaterals to any third party(ies).

 

12)                              The decision on the matters related to fund management facilities (i.e. in the event the Company hold excess funds, to decide how to manage such excess funds.).

 


 

13)                              The decision on borrowing of funds, borrowing facilities for funds, bill discount facilities or the liquidation of assets, where the amount is or exceeds JPY10 million per case or project.

 

14)                              The decision on debt guarantees and reservations of guarantees.

 

15)                              The decision on the provision of collateral or other security interests.

 

16)                              The decision on joint venture, partnership or other strategic alliance (regardless of whether entering into written contract or not) with third parties which contains important matters for the Shareholders or the Company

 

17)                              The decision on the conclusion of any contracts by the Company that fall outside the normal course of business, where the consideration, price, fee or charge is or exceeds JPY100 million.

 

18)                              The decision on conclusion, amendment, dissolution or termination of any contracts between the Company and either Shareholder that fall outside the normal course of business.

 

19)                              The decision on matters related to the payment from or to either the Shareholder excluding the payment in accordance with certain contracts entered into by and between the Company and either the Shareholder and that will remain in full force and effect at the time.

 

Part 2 — Shareholder Reserved Matters

 

1)                                     The decision on the establishment of a subsidiary of the Company

 

2)                                     The decision on matters related to acquisition of treasury stock of the Company.

 

3)                                     The decision on the combination of Shares of the Company.

 

4)                                     The decision on the issuance of New Shares for subscription or offers of stock acquisition rights of the Company.

 

5)                                     The decision on the remuneration of directors and statutory auditor of the Company

 

6)                                     The decision on the exemption of responsibility of directors to the Company regarding compensation for damages.

 

7)                                     Increase and decrease in amount of capital or reserves.

 

8)                                     Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation.

 

9)                                     The decision on matters related to merger, company split, share swaps and/or share transfers, business transfer, or acquisition of business.

 


 

10)                              The decision on dissolution, liquidation, continuation of the Company prior to the consummation of liquidation, filing of bankruptcy or putting under receivership.

 



EX-10.6 6 filename6.htm

Exhibit 10.6

 

EMPLOYEE SECONDMENT AGREEMENT (TOPPAN)

 

This Employee Secondment Agreement (Toppan) (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 by and between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. with its principal place of business at 5-1, Taito 1-chome, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan (“Toppan”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.), with its principal place of business at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan (“COMPANY”). This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Toppan and COMPANY is referred to herein as a “Party” and are collectively referred to herein as the “Parties.”

 

WITNESSETH:

 

WHEREAS, Toppan, which owns 35% of COMPANY’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of COMPANY’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to Section 2.03(b) of which Toppan has agreed to second certain employees to COMPANY;

 

WHEREAS, the Parties wish for Toppan to second to COMPANY the Toppan employees set forth in Schedule 1 (the “Secondees”) to COMPANY for the period described in Schedule 1 for each Secondee (each such period for each Secondee, a “Secondment Period”), as Schedule 1 may be revised from time to time;

 

WHEREAS, COMPANY accepts Toppan’s appointment of the Secondees as secondees to COMPANY at its facilities at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan, and after the lease agreement between the Parties in relation to the facility located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013 Japan comes into effect, COMPANY’s facility in Satte (each, a “Facility”) to perform the functions set forth opposite their names in Schedule 1 (the “Functions”).

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and covenants contained herein, the Parties agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1. SECONDMENT AND SUPPORT

 

1.1.                                               Secondment

 

Toppan hereby seconds each Secondee to COMPANY at the Facility for his or her Secondment Period in order to perform their Functions and COMPANY accepts Toppan’s appointment of Secondees. COMPANY confirms that each Secondee shall perform his or her Function under the comprehensive guidance, direction, and supervision of COMPANY during his or her Secondment Period. COMPANY shall evaluate the performance of each Secondee’s performance of his or her Functions during his or her Secondment Period.

 

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If COMPANY considers that it needs to adjust the positions of or replace Secondees, it may notify Toppan in writing of COMPANY’s request of such adjustment or replacement and the reasons therefor, which shall be commercially reasonable and necessary for sound operation of the Company. Toppan and COMPANY shall discuss the requested adjustment or replacement in good faith, but Toppan will not be obligated to (i) agree to any change in position of a Secondee or replace any Secondee unless COMPANY demonstrates to Toppan’s reasonable satisfaction that the Secondee is not competent to carry out the responsibilities associated with his or her position and Toppan has appropriate employees to change or replace as secondees or (ii) second additional employees to COMPANY if doing so would deprive Toppan of employees that it requires for its own operations. If Toppan does not second other employees or additional employees to COMPANY, COMPANY may ask Toppan to support to seek employees or secondees. Any Toppan employees who are seconded to COMPANY pursuant to this paragraph will be included in the definition of Secondees.

 

In principle, each Secondee will be seconded to COMPANY from his or her start date until the end of the his or her Secondment Period, subject to the preceding paragraph, except that Toppan reserves the right to end the Secondment Period of any Secondee in its sole discretion at any time by providing 30 days’ (unless agreed otherwise by the Parties) advance notice to COMPANY. The Parties shall discuss in good faith a replacement for the terminated Secondee, and if the Parties agree on the need for a replacement, and if Toppan has personnel who are appropriate for the position and whose secondment to COMPANY will not deprive Toppan of employees that it requires for its own operations, Toppan shall propose such personnel as a candidate of such replacement. If Toppan does not send a secondee to COMPANY, COMPANY may ask Toppan to cooperate in seeking a replacement from outside Toppan and Toppan shall provide such cooperation. Any Toppan employees who are seconded to COMPANY pursuant to this paragraph will be included in the definition of Secondees.

 

1.2.                                               Scope of Services

 

Toppan shah ensure that each Secondee will perform such services and undertake such tasks in connection with the Function as directed by COMPANY from time to time during his or her Secondment Period.

 

1.3.                                               Employment Terms and Conditions

 

Notwithstanding Secondees’ secondments, Secondees’ employment term, conditions, benefits, and other terms with Toppan will continue in full during each Secondee’s Secondment Period, and Toppan will continue to administer Secondees’ employment relationship, salary, benefits and related matters in accordance with Toppan’s policies and practices as in effect from time to time.

 

1.4.                                               Holidays and Vacations; Leave of Absence; Retirement

 

Toppan’s vacation policies and holiday schedule will apply to Secondees, but Secondees shah schedule any vacation or other time off (including time traveling to Japan) with Secondee’s supervisor at COMPANY.

 

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Each Secondee’s absence from work (kyuushoku, kyuugyou) will be in accordance with Toppan’s rules and decisions.

 

Each Secondee’s retirement (taishoku) take place in accordance with Toppan’s rules as a Toppan employee.

 

1.5.                                               Working Conditions

 

Toppan’s employee policies, including its internal codes for its employees regarding their work conditions (including, without limitation, working hours, and break time), dress codes, and health and safety, shall apply to Secondees, unless the Parties agree that one or more of COMPANY’s employee policies or internal codes will apply to Secondees. COMPANY may make Secondees work overtime and on holidays if necessary for the performance of the Function. If COMPANY needs to discipline or reward Secondees in accordance with COMPANY’s internal policies, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether to discipline or reward Secondees, and if so, the best way to do so.

 

1.6.                                               Disciplinary Action

 

Toppan shall be responsible for taking disciplinary action against Secondees in accordance with Toppan’s employee policies. If COMPANY concludes that it is necessary to take disciplinary action against a Secondee, COMPANY shall promptly inform Toppan and provide relevant information requested by Toppan. Toppan will implement the appropriate disciplinary action in compliance with its employee policies.

 

1.7.                                               Health and Safety; Accident Compensation

 

COMPANY is responsible for the health and safety of the Secondees at the Facilities. If any Secondees are injured in connection with the provision of services for the Function, COMPANY shall pay any compensation due to those Secondees in accordance with Toppan’s employee policies.

 

1.8.                                               Training

 

COMPANY may provide training and education to Secondees, in accordance with COMPANY’s employee policies, as necessary for the Secondees’ performance of services in connection with the Function. Toppan may, from time to time, with advanced notice to COMPANY, provide training to Secondees unrelated to the Function when Toppan deems it necessary, on condition that such training not interfere with Secondees’ performance of services in connection with the Function.

 

1.9.                                               Welfare Association; Congratulatory and Condolence Payments

 

Secondees will continue to participate in the Toppan group’s welfare association (Toppan Group fukushikai).

 

Congratulatory and condolence payments (keichoumimaikin) for Secondees will be subject to Toppan’s employee policies.

 

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1.10.                                        Additional Support

 

COMPANY will provide any additional support as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate Secondee’s secondment, including, without limitation, help in finding appropriate housing.

 

1.11.                                        Extension of Secondment; Transfer of Secondees

 

At expiration of the Term, Toppan will determine Secondees’ next assignment. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if COMPANY wishes to extend the secondment period of any Secondee or to have any Secondee transferred to COMPANY as a permanent employee, COMPANY must inform Toppan thereof at least six months before the end of the Term and the Parties shall engage in good faith negotiation with respect to the extension of such Secondee’s secondment period or to the transfer of such Secondee to COMPANY as an employee of the Company, subject to the consent of such Secondee, and shall take necessary actions therefor upon the Parties’ agreement and the consent of such Secondee.

 

1.12.                                        Change in Employment Policies

 

If either Party changes any employee policy that affect any Secondee, that Party shall inform the other Party before the change in employment policy takes effect with respect to the Secondee.

 

ARTICLE 2. COSTS OF SECONDMENT

 

The costs associated with each Secondee will be borne by COMPANY and Toppan as set forth in Schedule 2. (the “Costs”).

 

Toppan will invoice the Company monthly for all Costs by the ninth business day (in Japan) of a month and COMPANY will pay amounts so invoiced within 60 days after receipt of the invoice. Payments shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds in Japanese Yen to an account designated by Toppan to COMPANY in writing.

 

ARTICLE 3. WARRANTIES

 

Each Party represents and warrants that it has the full right and power to execute and to perform this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE 4. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

 

IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY OR ANY OTHER ENTITY FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, REPUDIATION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING HEREIN TO THE CONTRARY, IN NO EVENT WILL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT (UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY) EXCEED THE

 

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AMOUNT OF ALL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS PAID BY COMPANY TO TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AT THE TIME OF THE CLAIM.

 

ARTICLE 5. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY

 

Toppan expressly disclaims all warranties concerning the Secondees and their performance and expressly disclaims all liability in connection with or relating to the Secondees during their Secondment Periods to COMPANY.

 

ARTICLE 6. CONFIDENTIALITY

 

6.1.                                               Confidential Information Defined

 

In this Agreement, “Confidential Information” shall mean any and all technical information, data, facilities, equipment and materials, techniques, process, manufacturing methods, research and development activities, marketing and business plans, property, ideas, inventions, discoveries, trade secret and other technical, business and financial information disclosed by either Party to the other Party pursuant to this Agreement. Confidential Information may be furnished in any tangible or intangible form, including but not limited to writing, drawings, computer tapes and other electronic media, samples and verbal communications. Any Confidential Information furnished in tangible form shah be marked as “Confidential,” “Proprietary,” or a similar legend.

 

6.2.                                               Disclosure Limitations to Confidential Information

 

Each Party shall maintain in confidence all Confidential Information received from the other Party under this Agreement and shall not disclose the Confidential Information to any third party or use the same for any purpose other than the purposes of this Agreement, provided, however, that COMPANY may disclose to VIA Optronics GmbH and its affiliates and Toppan may disclose to its affiliates the Confidential Information received from Toppan to the extent necessary to facilitate the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such affiliate that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. Each Party shall disclose the Confidential Information only to its employees or any subcontractors, consultants and advisers (such as accounting and legal advisers) who need to know such Confidential Information for the purposes of this Agreement and who have agreed to keep it confidential under terms that are no less restrictive than set forth in this Article 6. Each Party shall use the same degree of cane to avoid disclosure or use of the Confidential Information as it employs with respect to its own confidential information. Each Party shall take all reasonable precautions, contractual or other appropriate actions, necessary to prevent unauthorized disclosure or use of any and all Confidential Information.

 

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6.3.                                               Exclusions

 

The foregoing provision shall not apply to any information that:

 

(a)                     is already known to the receiving Party (“Recipient”);

(b)                     is or becomes publicly known through no fault of Recipient;

(c)                      is received from a third party who is in lawful possession thereof and is not subject to any non-disclosure restriction, and without breach of this Agreement;

(d)                     is independently developed by Recipient without use of any Confidential Information of the providing Party (“Provider”), as evidenced by Recipient’s written records; or

(e)                      is approved for release by written authorization of Provider.

 

In addition, Recipient may disclose Confidential Information pursuant to a valid order issued by a court or government agency or as otherwise required by law, provided that (i) Recipient gives Provider prior written notice of such obligation and the opportunity to oppose such disclosure or obtain a protective order; (ii) Recipient only discloses such Confidential Information as is required to comply with such order or law, and (iii) no such disclosure shall otherwise exempt such Confidential Information from being treated as confidential under this Agreement.

 

6.4.                                               Survival

 

The provisions of this Article 6 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE 7. TERM

 

This Agreement shall become effective on the Effective Date and continue in full force and effect until the third anniversary of the Effective Date, unless otherwise terminated earlier by mutual agreement by the Parties. Upon such termination, all costs and expenses due in connection with each Secondee’s secondment under this Agreement shall be promptly paid by COMPANY in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE 8. TERMINATION

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party: (a) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (b) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by the other Party are dishonored, (c) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts); or (d) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party (a) if the other Party fails to make a payment due under this Agreement and fails to cure the payment breach within 15 days after the first Party’s written notice of the payment breach, (b) if the other Party otherwise materially breaches this

 

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Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 30 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach.

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if (a) VIA Optronics GmbH, alone or in combination with its affiliates, no longer has a majority stake in COMPANY or the right to appoint a majority of the COMPANY’s board members, or (b) Toppan no longer holds any shares in COMPANY.

 

ARTICLE 9. MISCELLANEOUS

 

9.1.                                               Force Majeure

 

Neither Party shah be liable for any loss, damage, cost and expense, if the fulfillment by such Party of any obligation to the other Party is delayed or prevented due to any cause beyond the first Party’s reasonable control, including but not limited to compliance with any governmental law or regulation, acts of God, acts of civil or military authority, judicial action, labor disputes, failure or delays in transportation, embargoes, wars, riots or engineering delays. In the event of any delay due to such causes or other difficulties, whether or not similar in nature to any of those enumerated, the obligation hereunder shah be extended for a period equal to the extent of the delay so incurred.

 

9.2.                                               Assignment

 

This Agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder shah not be assignable by either Party to any third party without the prior written consent of the other Party, which shah not be unreasonably withheld.

 

9.3.                                               Invalid Provisions

 

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws, such provision shah be fully severable, and this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid, or unenforceable provision has never comprised a part of this Agreement and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shah remain in full force and effect and shall not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance.

 

9.4.                                               Survival

 

Termination or expiration of this Agreement for any reason shall not release either Party from any liabilities or obligations set forth in this Agreement that (i) the Parties have expressly agreed shall survive any such termination or expiration, or (ii) remain to be performed or by their nature would be intended to be applicable following any such termination or expiration.

 

9.5.                                               No-waiver

 

No delay or failure to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to either Party upon any breach or default by the other Party under this Agreement shall impair any such right, power or remedy of such Party nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default or of any similar breach or default thereafter occurring, nor

 

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shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter occurring.

 

9.6.                                               Relationship between Parties

 

The relationship between Toppan and COMPANY herein shall be that of independent contractors. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to make the Parties agents of each other, or partnerships or joint ventures, or to permit either Party to bind the other Party to any other agreement.

 

9.7.                                               Notice

 

All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 9.7.

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539
E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp,
kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp
Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will
not constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)
Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl
2-4-11 Kudan-Minami
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074
E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com
Attention: Eric Marcks

 

 

 

If to COMPANY:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd.
1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi
Shiga, 527-0046
Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH
Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg
E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

8


 

 

 

Jones Day

Kamiyacho Prime Place

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

9.8.                                               Compliance with Laws, including Export Control Laws

 

Each Party shall comply with all applicable laws and governmental rules and regulations in any applicable country, during its performance hereunder, including without limitation all applicable export, re-export, and import regulations.

 

9.9.                                               Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan.

 

The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation, the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under the previous paragraph, the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

9.10.                                        Language

 

This Agreement shall be entered into in the English language, which shall be controlling in the event of conflict or discrepancy between the English version and any version in any other language.

 

9.11.                                        Headings

 

The headings of Articles of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute this Agreement, or to affect the construction of this Agreement.

 

9


 

9.12.                                        Entire Agreement

 

This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the Parties relating to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all previous discussions, other communications, understandings and agreements between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be amended or modified only in writing duly signed by authorized representatives of the Parties.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Employee Secondment Agreement (Toppan) to be executed by their respective duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

Name: Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title: Senior General Manager

 

11


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Employee Secondment Agreement (Toppan) to be executed by their respective duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Name: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Title: Representative Director

 

12


 

Schedule 2 — Allocation of Financial Responsibility

 

(a) Costs to be borne by COMPANY

 

·                      Salaries, including income tax

 

·                      Benefits

 

·                      Employment-related insurance (health insurance, nursing care insurance, welfare pension insurance, employment insurance, child allowance, workers’ accident compensation insurance etc.)

 

·                      Toppan group welfare association contributions

 

·                      Congratulatory and condolence payments

 

·                      Training referred to in the first sentence of Article 1.8

 

·                      Travel and relocation expenses arising from Secondee’s need to perform the Function, subject to COMPANY’s travel policies, in the event COMPANY orders Secondees to take such business trips based on operational necessity. Relocation expenses will be discussed and aligned prior to approval with COMPANY.

 

·                      Other costs similar in nature to the costs listed above that are related to Secondee’s secondment during the Term

 

·                      All incremental costs and expenses to COMPANY related to Secondee’s secondment during the Term, including without limitation, charges for a leased vehicle, IT/computer and a telephone. Other costs will be discussed and aligned with COMPANY prior to approval, to determine whether expenses are required or not.

 

·                      All governmental related and Toppan pension fund related pensions paid by Toppan related to each Secondee’s secondment

 

·                      All taxes (including, without limitation, consumption tax, but excluding income taxes) imposed by any government authority in Japan, as a result of the existence and performance of this Agreement

 

·                      All commuting expenses of Secondees from their home location to the Facility and back

 

(b) Costs to be borne by Toppan

 

·                      Costs associated with awards and commendations given to Secondees by Toppan

 

13



EX-10.7 7 filename7.htm

Exhibit 10.7

 

EMPLOYEE SECONDMENT AGREEMENT (TEP)

 

This Employee Secondment Agreement (TEP) (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 by and between Toppan Electronics Products Co., Ltd. with its principal place of business at 5-1, Taito 1-chome, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan (“Toppan”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.), with its principal place of business at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan (“COMPANY”). This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Toppan and COMPANY is referred to herein as a “Party” and are collectively referred to herein as the “Parties.”

 

WITNESSETH:

 

WHEREAS, Toppan, which owns 35% of COMPANY’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of COMPANY’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to Section 2.03(b) of which Toppan has agreed to second certain employees to COMPANY;

 

WHEREAS, the Parties wish for Toppan to second to COMPANY the Toppan employees set forth in Schedule 1 (the “Secondees”) to COMPANY for the period described in Schedule 1 for each Secondee (each such period for each Secondee, a “Secondment Period”), as Schedule 1 may be revised from time to time;

 

WHEREAS, COMPANY accepts Toppan’s appointment of the Secondees as secondees to COMPANY at its facilities at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan, and after the lease agreement between the Parties in relation to the facility located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013 Japan comes into effect, COMPANY’s facility in Satte (each, a “Facility”) to perform the functions set forth opposite their names in Schedule 1 (the “Functions”).

 

NOW THREFORE, in consideration of the premises and covenants contained herein, the Parties agree as follows:

 

Article 1.                                            Secondment and Support

 

1.1.                            Secondment

 

Toppan hereby seconds each Secondee to COMPANY at the Facility for his or her Secondment Period in order to perform their Functions and COMPANY accepts Toppan’s appointment of Secondees. COMPANY confirms that each Secondee shall perform his or her Function under the comprehensive guidance, direction, and supervision of COMPANY during his or her Secondment Period. COMPANY shall evaluate the performance of each Secondee’s performance of his or her Functions during his or her Secondment Period.

 

If COMPANY considers that it needs to adjust the positions of or replace Secondees, it may notify Toppan in writing of COMPANY’s request of such adjustment or replacement and the reasons therefor, which shall be commercially reasonable and necessary for sound operation of the Company. Toppan and COMPANY shall discuss the requested adjustment

 

1


 

or replacement in good faith, but Toppan will not be obligated to (i) agree to any change in position of a Secondee or replace any Secondee unless COMPANY demonstrates to Toppan’s reasonable satisfaction that the Secondee is not competent to carry out the responsibilities associated with his or her position and Toppan has appropriate employees to change or replace as secondees or (ii) second additional employees to COMPANY if doing so would deprive Toppan of employees that it requires for its own operations. If Toppan does not second other employees or additional employees to COMPANY, COMPANY may ask Toppan to support to seek employees or secondees. Any Toppan employees who are seconded to COMPANY pursuant to this paragraph will be included in the definition of Secondees.

 

In principle, each Secondee will be seconded to COMPANY from his or her start date until the end of the his or her Secondment Period, subject to the preceding paragraph, except that Toppan reserves the right to end the Secondment Period of any Secondee in its sole discretion at any time by providing 30 days’ (unless agreed otherwise by the Parties) advance notice to COMPANY. The Parties shall discuss in good faith a replacement for the terminated Secondee, and if the Parties agree on the need for a replacement, and if Toppan has personnel who are appropriate for the position and whose secondment to COMPANY will not deprive Toppan of employees that it requires for its own operations, Toppan shall propose such personnel as a candidate of such replacement. If Toppan does not send a secondee to COMPANY, COMPANY may ask Toppan to cooperate in seeking a replacement from outside Toppan and Toppan shall provide such cooperation. Any Toppan employees who are seconded to COMPANY pursuant to this paragraph will be included in the definition of Secondees.

 

1.2.                            Scope of Services

 

Toppan shall ensure that each Secondee will perform such services and undertake such tasks in connection with the Function as directed by COMPANY from time to time during his or her Secondment Period.

 

1.3.                            Employment Terms and Conditions

 

Notwithstanding Secondees’ secondments, Secondees’ employment term, conditions, benefits, and other terms with Toppan will continue in full during each Secondee’s Secondment Period, and Toppan will continue to administer Secondees’ employment relationship, salary, benefits and related matters in accordance with Toppan’s policies and practices as in effect from time to time.

 

1.4.                            Holidays and Vacations; Leave of Absence; Retirement

 

Toppan’s vacation policies and holiday schedule will apply to Secondees, but Secondees shall schedule any vacation or other time off (including time traveling to Japan) with Secondee’s supervisor at COMPANY.

 

Each Secondee’s absence from work (kyuushoku, kyuugyou) will be in accordance with Toppan’s rules and decisions.

 

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Each Secondee’s retirement (taishoku) take place in accordance with Toppan’s rules as a Toppan employee.

 

1.5.                            Working Conditions

 

Toppan’s employee policies, including its internal codes for its employees regarding their work conditions (including, without limitation, working hours, and break time), dress codes, and health and safety, shall apply to Secondees, unless the Parties agree that one or more of COMPANY’s employee policies or internal codes will apply to Secondees. COMPANY may make Secondees work overtime and on holidays if necessary for the performance of the Function. If COMPANY needs to discipline or reward Secondees in accordance with COMPANY’s internal policies, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether to discipline or reward Secondees, and if so, the best way to do so.

 

1.6.                            Disciplinary Action

 

Toppan shall be responsible for taking disciplinary action against Secondees in accordance with Toppan’s employee policies. If COMPANY concludes that it is necessary to take disciplinary action against a Secondee, COMPANY shall promptly inform Toppan and provide relevant information requested by Toppan. Toppan will implement the appropriate disciplinary action in compliance with its employee policies.

 

1.7.                            Health and Safety; Accident Compensation

 

COMPANY is responsible for the health and safety of the Secondees at the Facilities. If any Secondees are injured in connection with the provision of services for the Function, COMPANY shall pay any compensation due to those Secondees in accordance with Toppan’s employee policies.

 

1.8.                            Training

 

COMPANY may provide training and education to Secondees, in accordance with COMPANY’s employee policies, as necessary for the Secondees’ performance of services in connection with the Function. Toppan may, from time to time, with advanced notice to COMPANY, provide training to Secondees unrelated to the Function when Toppan deems it necessary, on condition that such training not interfere with Secondees’ performance of services in connection with the Function.

 

1.9.                            Welfare Association; Congratulatory and Condolence Payments

 

Secondees will continue to participate in the Toppan group’s welfare association (Toppan Group fukushikai).

 

Congratulatory and condolence payments (keichoumimaikin) for Secondees will be subject to Toppan’s employee policies.

 

3


 

1.10.                     Additional Support

 

COMPANY will provide any additional support as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate Secondee’s secondment, including, without limitation, help in finding appropriate housing.

 

1.11.                     Extension of Secondment; Transfer of Secondees

 

At expiration of the Term, Toppan will determine Secondees’ next assignment. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if COMPANY wishes to extend the secondment period of any Secondee or to have any Secondee transferred to COMPANY as a permanent employee, COMPANY must inform Toppan thereof at least six months before the end of the Term and the Parties shall engage in good faith negotiation with respect to the extension of such Secondee’s secondment period or to the transfer of such Secondee to COMPANY as an employee of the Company, subject to the consent of such Secondee, and shall take necessary actions therefor upon the Parties’ agreement and the consent of such Secondee.

 

1.12.                     Change in Employment Policies

 

If either Party changes any employee policy that affect any Secondee, that Party shall inform the other Party before the change in employment policy takes effect with respect to the Secondee.

 

Article 2.                                            Costs of Secondment

 

The costs associated with each Secondee will be borne by COMPANY and Toppan as set forth in Schedule 2. (the “Costs”).

 

Toppan will invoice the Company monthly for all Costs by the ninth business day (in Japan) of a month and COMPANY will pay amounts so invoiced within 30 days after receipt of the invoice. Payments shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds in Japanese Yen to an account designated by Toppan to COMPANY in writing.

 

Article 3.                                            Warranties

 

Each Party represents and warrants that it has the full right and power to execute and to perform this Agreement.

 

Article 4.                                            Limitation of Liability

 

IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY OR ANY OTHER ENTITY FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, REPUDIATION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING HEREIN TO THE CONTRARY, IN NO EVENT WILL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT (UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY) EXCEED THE AMOUNT OF ALL DIRECT

 

4


 

AND INDIRECT COSTS PAID BY COMPANY TO TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AT THE TIME OF THE CLAIM.

 

Article 5.                                            Disclaimer of Warranties and Liability

 

Toppan expressly disclaims all warranties concerning the Secondees and their performance and expressly disclaims all liability in connection with or relating to the Secondees during their Secondment Periods to COMPANY.

 

Article 6.                                            Confidentiality

 

6.1.                            Confidential Information Defined

 

In this Agreement, “Confidential Information” shall mean any and all technical information, data, facilities, equipment and materials, techniques, process, manufacturing methods, research and development activities, marketing and business plans, property, ideas, inventions, discoveries, trade secret and other technical, business and financial information disclosed by either Party to the other Party pursuant to this Agreement. Confidential Information may be furnished in any tangible or intangible form, including but not limited to writing, drawings, computer tapes and other electronic media, samples and verbal communications. Any Confidential Information furnished in tangible form shall be marked as “Confidential,” “Proprietary,” or a similar legend.

 

6.2.                            Disclosure Limitations to Confidential Information

 

Each Party shall maintain in confidence all Confidential Information received from the other Party under this Agreement and shall not disclose the Confidential Information to any third party or use the same for any purpose other than the purposes of this Agreement, provided, however, that COMPANY may disclose to VIA Optronics GmbH and its affiliates and Toppan may disclose to its affiliates the Confidential Information received from Toppan to the extent necessary to facilitate the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such affiliate that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. Each Party shall disclose the Confidential Information only to its employees or any subcontractors, consultants and advisers (such as accounting and legal advisers) who need to know such Confidential Information for the purposes of this Agreement and who have agreed to keep it confidential under terms that are no less restrictive than set forth in this Article 6. Each Party shall use the same degree of care to avoid disclosure or use of the Confidential Information as it employs with respect to its own confidential information. Each Party shall take all reasonable precautions, contractual or other appropriate actions, necessary to prevent unauthorized disclosure or use of any and all Confidential Information.

 

6.3.                            Exclusions

 

The foregoing provision shall not apply to any information that:

 

5


 

(a)                                 is already known to the receiving Party (“Recipient”);

 

(b)                                 is or becomes publicly known through no fault of Recipient;

 

(c)                                  is received from a third party who is in lawful possession thereof and is not subject to any non-disclosure restriction, and without breach of this Agreement;

 

(d)                                 is independently developed by Recipient without use of any Confidential Information of the providing Party (“Provider”), as evidenced by Recipient’s written records; or

 

(e)                                  is approved for release by written authorization of Provider.

 

In addition, Recipient may disclose Confidential Information pursuant to a valid order issued by a court or government agency or as otherwise required by law, provided that (i) Recipient gives Provider prior written notice of such obligation and the opportunity to oppose such disclosure or obtain a protective order; (ii) Recipient only discloses such Confidential Information as is required to comply with such order or law, and (iii) no such disclosure shall otherwise exempt such Confidential Information from being treated as confidential under this Agreement.

 

6.4.                            Survival

 

The provisions of this Article 6 shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement.

 

Article 7.                                            Term

 

This Agreement shall become effective on the Effective Date and continue in full force and effect until the third anniversary of the Effective Date, unless otherwise terminated earlier by mutual agreement by the Parties. Upon such termination, all costs and expenses due in connection with each Secondee’s secondment under this Agreement shall be promptly paid by COMPANY in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

Article 8.                                            Termination

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party:  (a) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (b) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by the other Party are dishonored, (c) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts); or (d) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party (a) if the other Party fails to make a payment due under this Agreement and fails to cure the payment breach within 15 days after the first Party’s written notice of the payment breach, (b) if the other Party otherwise materially breaches this Agreement and,

 

6


 

if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 30 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach.

 

Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if (a) VIA Optronics GmbH, alone or in combination with its affiliates, no longer has a majority stake in COMPANY or the right to appoint a majority of the COMPANY’s board members, or (b) Toppan no longer holds any shares in COMPANY.

 

Article 9.                                            Miscellaneous

 

9.1.                            Force Majeure

 

Neither Party shall be liable for any loss, damage, cost and expense, if the fulfillment by such Party of any obligation to the other Party is delayed or prevented due to any cause beyond the first Party’s reasonable control, including but not limited to compliance with any governmental law or regulation, acts of God, acts of civil or military authority, judicial action, labor disputes, failure or delays in transportation, embargoes, wars, riots or engineering delays. In the event of any delay due to such causes or other difficulties, whether or not similar in nature to any of those enumerated, the obligation hereunder shall be extended for a period equal to the extent of the delay so incurred.

 

9.2.                            Assignment

 

This Agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder shall not be assignable by either Party to any third party without the prior written consent of the other Party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

 

9.3.                            Invalid Provisions

 

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws, such provision shall be fully severable, and this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid, or unenforceable provision has never comprised a part of this Agreement and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance.

 

9.4.                            Survival

 

Termination or expiration of this Agreement for any reason shall not release either Party from any liabilities or obligations set forth in this Agreement that (i) the Parties have expressly agreed shall survive any such termination or expiration, or (ii) remain to be performed or by their nature would be intended to be applicable following any such termination or expiration.

 

9.5.                            No-waiver

 

No delay or failure to exercise any right, power or remedy accruing to either Party upon any breach or default by the other Party under this Agreement shall impair any such right,

 

7


 

power or remedy of such Party nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any such breach or default or of any similar breach or default thereafter occurring, nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter occurring.

 

9.6.                            Relationship between Parties

 

The relationship between Toppan and COMPANY herein shall be that of independent contractors. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to make the Parties agents of each other, or partnerships or joint ventures, or to permit either Party to bind the other Party to any other agreement.

 

9.7.                            Notice

 

All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 9.7).

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Electronics Products Co., Ltd.

 

 

Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

 

 

E-mail: mikio.ishijima@toppan.co.jp

 

 

Attention: Mikio Ishijima

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not

 

 

constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)

 

 

Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl

 

 

2-4-11 Kudan-Minami

 

 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074

 

 

E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com

 

 

|Attention: Eric Marcks

 

 

 

if to COMPANY:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd.

 

 

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi

 

 

Shiga, 527-0046

 

 

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com

 

 

Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

8


 

With a copy to (which will not

 

 

constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

 

 

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

 

 

E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com

 

 

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

 

 

 

 

Jones Day

 

 

Kamiyacho Prime Place

 

 

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

 

 

E-mail: mushijima(&jonesday.com

 

 

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

9.8.                            Compliance with Laws, including Export Control Laws

 

Each Party shall comply with all applicable laws and governmental rules and regulations in any applicable country, during its performance hereunder, including without limitation all applicable export, re-export, and import regulations.

 

9.9.                            Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan.

 

The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation, the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under the previous paragraph, the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

9.10.                     Language

 

This Agreement shall be entered into in the English language, which shall be controlling in the event of conflict or discrepancy between the English version and any version in any other language.

 

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9.11.                     Headings

 

The headings of Articles of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute this Agreement, or to affect the construction of this Agreement.

 

9.12.                     Entire Agreement

 

This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the Parties relating to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all previous discussions, other communications, understandings and agreements between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be amended or modified only in writing duly signed by authorized representatives of the Parties.

 

10


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Employee Secondment Agreement (TEP) to be executed by their respective duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

TOPPAN ELECTRONICS PRODUCTS CO., LTD.

 

By:

/s/ Mikio Ishijima

 

 

Name: Mikio Ishijima

 

 

Title: Representative Director

 

 

[Signature Page to Employee Secondment Agreement]

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Employment Secondment Agreement (TEP) to be executed by their respective duly authorized representative as of the date first above written.

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Name: Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Title: Representative Director

 

 

[Signature Page to Employee Secondment Agreement]

 


 

Schedule 2 — Allocation of Financial Responsibility

 

(a)                                 Costs to be borne by COMPANY

 

·                  Salaries, including income tax

 

·                  Benefits

 

·                  Employment-related insurance (health insurance, nursing care insurance, welfare pension insurance, employment insurance, child allowance, workers’ accident compensation insurance etc.)

 

·                  Toppan group welfare association contributions

 

·                  Congratulatory and condolence payments

 

·                  Training referred to in the first sentence of Article 1.8

 

·                  Travel and relocation expenses arising from Secondee’s need to perform the

 

·                  Function, subject to COMPANY’S travel policies, in the event COMPANY orders Secondees to take such business trips based on operational necessity. Relocation expenses will be discussed and aligned prior to approval with COMPANY.

 

·                  Other costs similar in nature to the costs listed above that are related to Secondee’s secondment during the Term

 

·                  All incremental costs and expenses to COMPANY related to Secondee’s secondment during the Term, including without limitation, charges for a leased vehicle, IT/computer and a telephone. Other costs will be discussed and aligned with COMPANY prior to approval, to determine whether expenses are required or not.

 

·                  All governmental related and Toppan pension fund related pensions paid by Toppan related to each Secondee’s secondment

 

·                  All taxes (including, without limitation, consumption tax, but excluding income taxes) imposed by any government authority in Japan, as a result of the existence and performance of this Agreement

 

·                  All commuting expenses of Secondees from their home location to the Facility and back

 

(b)                                 Costs to be borne by Toppan

 

·                  Costs associated with awards and commendations given to Secondees by Toppan

 

Sched 2-1



EX-10.8 8 filename8.htm

 

Exhibit 10.8

 

EXECUTION COPY

 

SHIGA FACILITY LEASE AGREEMENT

 

This Shiga Facility Lease Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Landlord”), and VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Tenant”). This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Landlord and Tenant is referred to as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.            Landlord, which owns 35% of Tenant’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of Tenant’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to which Landlord has agreed to lease to Tenant the Leased Premises.

 

B.            Landlord and Tenant enter into this Agreement to implement the lease of the Premises to Tenant in accordance with the Framework Agreement.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1           The terms set forth below have the meanings specified or referred to below.

 

Affiliate: Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. The term “control” of a Person (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Person.

 

Business Day: Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan or Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Common Areas: All areas and facilities located outside of the Premises and within the exterior boundary line of the Facility that are provided and designated by the Landlord from time to time for the general non-exclusive use of Landlord, Tenant, and other occupants of the Facility, and their respective employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors, and invitees, including, without limitation, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, trash areas, lighting facilities, fences and gates, roadways, sidewalks, walkways, parkways, driveways, and landscaped areas.

 

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Facility:  The Premises and the Common Areas, together with all other existing and future buildings and improvements erected on the land located at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan.

 

Governmental Authority: Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

Law: Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Permitted Use: Offices for management, operational, and administrative functions and manufacturing facility for manufacturing copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and related products.

 

Person: An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Premises: The space for the use of Tenant (10,957.8 square meters) at Landlord’s facility located at 1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi, Shiga, 527-0046, Japan described in Schedule 1.

 

Representative: With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Rules and Regulations: The rules and regulations that apply to the Premises and Common Areas established by Landlord from time to time.

 

Term: As defined in Section 7.1.

 

ARTICLE II
LEASE OF PREMISES

 

Section 2.1           Lease of Premises. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Landlord hereby leases to Tenant, and Tenant hereby leases from Landlord, the Premises during the Term.

 

Section 2.2           Acceptance of Premises. Tenant hereby acknowledges that: (a) Tenant has had the opportunity to inspect the Premises; (b) the Premises are acceptable for Tenant’s intended Permitted Use as of the date of such inspection.  The Landlord hereby acknowledges that, the Rent under Section 4.2 is based on the condition that the Premises are fit for such Permitted Use, and if the Premises become unfit for such Permitted Use due to the reason not attributable to the Tenant, the Landlord and the Tenant shall negotiate in good faith and revise  the Rent reflecting the above accordingly; and neither Landlord nor any of Landlord’s Representatives has made any oral or written representations or warranties with respect to

 

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the Premises other than as set forth in this Agreement. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, TENANT ACCEPTS THE PREMISES IN THEIR “AS-IS” CONDITION.

 

Section 2.3           Common Areas. Landlord hereby grants to Tenant, for the benefit of Tenant and its employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors, and invitees, during the Term, the nonexclusive right to use the Common Areas as they exist from time to time, subject to any rights, powers, and privileges reserved by Landlord under the terms hereof or under the terms of any Rules and Regulations governing the use of the Common Areas. Under no circumstances will the right granted herein be deemed to include the temporary or permanent right to store any property in the Common Areas. Landlord may, from time to time: (a) establish, modify, amend, and enforce the Rules and Regulations regarding the Common Areas; (b) make changes to the Common Areas, including, without limitation, changes in the location, size, shape, and number of driveways, entrances, ingress, egress, direction of traffic, parking spaces, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, landscaped areas, and walkways; (c) close temporarily any of the Common Areas for maintenance purposes so long as reasonable access to the Premises remains available; (d) add additional buildings and improvements to the Common Areas; and (e) do and perform such other acts and make such other changes in, to, or with respect to the Common Areas as Landlord may, in the exercise of sound business judgment, deem to be appropriate. All parking areas, driveways, entrances and exits thereto, stairways, lobbies, and all other Common Areas will be at all times subject to the exclusive control and management of Landlord.

 

ARTICLE III
USE OF THE PREMISES

 

Section 3.1           Permitted Use.  Tenant shall use the Premises only for the Permitted Use and shall not use the Premises for any other purposes. Tenant shall not use the Facility or permit the Premises to be used in violation of any Law or in a manner that annoys or interferes with the rights of other occupants of the Facility.

 

Section 3.2           Uses Prohibited. Tenant shall not do or permit anything to be done in or about the Premises nor bring or keep anything in or on the Premises that is not within the Permitted Use or that will in any way increase the existing rate on or affect any insurance upon the Facility or cause a cancellation of any insurance policy covering the Facility or any part thereof or any of its contents.

 

Section 3.3           No Assignment or Subleasing. Tenant shall not sell, assign, encumber, pledge, or otherwise transfer all or any part of the Premises, sublet all or any party of the Premises, or permit the Premises to be occupied by anyone other than Tenant.

 

Section 3.4           Permits and Documents.

 

(a)           Tenant, in a timely manner, shall obtain and maintain in full force and effect all permits, licenses, and approvals, and shall make and file all notifications and registrations, that Tenant is required to hold or to make by applicable Laws. Tenant shall at all times comply with the terms and conditions of any such permits, license, approvals, notifications, and registrations.

 

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(b)           Landlord represents and warrants that it has all permits, licenses, and approvals that it is required to hold to lease the Premises to Tenant throughout the Term of this Agreement.

 

Section 3.5           Landlord’s Access. Landlord or its Representatives may enter the Premises at all reasonable times to inspect the Premises or for any other purpose Landlord deems necessary. Landlord shall give Tenant reasonable advance notice of such entry, except in the case of an emergency. Landlord will at all times have and retain a key with which to unlock all of the standard entrances and exit doors in, upon, and about the Premises, and Landlord may use any and all means that Landlord may deem proper to open such doors in an emergency, in order to obtain entry to the Premises without liability to Tenant, except for any failure to exercise due care for Tenant’s property.  In this Section 3.5, the term of “emergency” shall mean an imminent physical risk or damage to the Premises or the properties/personnel located in the Premises is occurring or reasonably foreseeable.

 

Section 3.6           Indemnification.

 

(a)           Tenant shall indemnify, defend, save, and keep Landlord, and Landlord’s Representatives and successors, and assigns, harmless from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, charges, losses, damages, penalties, claims, actions, and expenses, including without limitation, engineers’ and professional fees, imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against Landlord, in each case, as the result of a third-party claim against Landlord, in any way relating to, arising out of, or in connection with, Tenant’s use of the Facility or the Common Areas in violation of this ARTICLE III.

 

(b)           Landlord shall indemnify, defend, save, and keep Tenant, and Tenant’s Representatives and successors, and assigns, harmless from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, charges, losses, damages, penalties, claims, actions, and expenses, including without limitation, engineers’ and professional fees, imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against Tenant, in each case, as the result of a third-party claim against Tenant, in any way relating to, arising out of, or in connection with, Landlord’s breach of Section 3.4(b).

 

ARTICLE IV
RENT AND OTHER PAYMENTS

 

Section 4.1           Rent and Other Payments. Tenant shall pay rent equal to JPY6,229 167 (exclusive of applicable consumption tax) per month throughout the Term (the “Rent”). If taxes assessed on the Facility or Premises increase considerably or if there is another unanticipated and unavoidable change in circumstance that considerably increases the cost of owning the Facility or Premises, the Parties shall discuss in good faith an appropriate increase in the Rent. In addition, Tenant shall share certain maintenance costs incurred in connection with the Facility, for the items described in Schedule 2 (the “Maintenance Costs”), as well as certain administration fees payable to Toppan Techno Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Landlord (“Toppan Techno”) (the “Techno Administration Fee”), as set forth below.  The sharing ratio between Tenant and Landlord for both the Maintenance Cost and Techno Administration Fee shall be forty percent (40%) for Tenant and sixty percent (60%) for Landlord (the “Sharing Ratio”). The respective amounts payable for such Rent and Maintenance Costs for the term of this Agreement is set forth in Schedule 3 hereto (“Payment Schedule”).

 

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Section 4.2           Payment of Rent.

 

(a)           Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, Tenant shall pay the Rent for the period from March 26, 2018 through March 2019 (the “First-Year Rent”) starting in April 2019. Tenant shall pay the First-Year Rent equally in monthly installments over a four-year period, at the same time as it pays Rent that becomes due monthly on and after April 2019, along with interest of 2% per year, calculated on a daily basis. Notwithstanding the previous two sentences, before April of each year of the Term, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether and to what extent Tenant is able to accelerate the repayment of the First-Year Rent without causing undue harm to its business operations and financial situation, and if the Parties conclude that Tenant is able to accelerate such repayment in light of those factors, Tenant will repay the First-Year Rent at the accelerated schedule agreed by the Parties.

 

(b)           Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, Tenant shall pay the Rent (including First-Year Rent) for a month in arrears, by the 60th day after the first day of the next month (i.e., the Rent for the month of April is due June 30). Rent due for any period of less than a full month will be appropriately apportioned based on the number of days in that month.

 

(c)           Interest of 4 % per year, calculated on a daily basis, will be assessed on late payments of the Rent (including First-Year Rent). Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, interest will be payable at the end of every calendar quarter (i.e., interest on Rent that is due but unpaid by the end of July, August, and/or September is due and payable on the last day of September). Notwithstanding the fact that the Term (defined below) commences on the Effective Date, the first payment of interest on late Rent payments, if any, will not come due until the last day of December 2018.

 

(d)           Tenant will pay consumption tax on the rent in accordance with the payment schedule set forth in Schedule 3. If the Japanese government increases the consumption tax during the Term (as defined in Section 7.1), Schedule 3 will be updated to reflect the increased consumption tax.

 

Section 4.3           Payment of Shared Cost

 

(a)           By the 10th Business Day of each month, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant an invoice (a “Landlord Invoice”) setting forth (i) the total amounts of Maintenance Cost and Techno Administration Fee incurred in the previous month and (ii) the amounts to be allocated to Tenant under the Sharing Ratio (the “Shared Cost”), and by the last day of each month, Landlord shall send to Tenant a copy of the invoice sent by Toppan Techno to Landlord for the Techno Administration Fee in the Landlord Invoice described in the first part of this sentence. Within 10 Business Days after Tenant’s receipt of the copy of the Landlord invoice, Tenant shall review the amounts and items described in the invoice for the Shared Costs and notify Landlord of its approval or rejection (together with its request to provide more information or otherwise to modify.)  If approved, Tenant shall pay such amount of the Shared Cost by 60th day after the first day of the next month (i.e., the Rent for the month of April is due June 30) , unless otherwise subject to the payment schedule described in Paragraph (b) below.  A sample form of Landlord Invoice is attached to this Agreement as Schedule 4.

 

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(b)           Notwithstanding of Paragraph (a) above, the payment of the Shared Costs incurred for the period from March 26, 2018 through September 30, 2018 (the “Initial Shared Costs”) shall be deferred until and paid on or before March 31, 2019, in a single installment. Interest of 2% per year, calculated on a daily basis, will accrue on the Initial Shared Costs, from July 1, 2018 until March 31, 2019, inclusive, and such interest shall be deferred until and paid on or before March 31, 2019, in a single installment. Interest of 4 % per year, calculated on a daily basis, will be assessed on late payments of the Shared Costs (including Initial Shared Costs). Interest will be payable at the end of every calendar quarter (i.e., interest on Shared Costs that is due but unpaid by the end of July, August, and/or September is due and payable on the last day of September). Notwithstanding the fact that the Term commences on the Effective Date, the first payment of interest on late Shared Cost payments, if any, will not come due until the last day of December, 2018. Shared Costs due for any period of less than a full month will be appropriately apportioned based on the number of days in that month, and shall be so described in applicable invoice to be prepared by Landlord.

 

ARTICLE V
MAINTENANCE, REPAIRS, AND ALTERATIONS

 

Section 5.1           Maintenance by Tenant. Tenant shall at all times during the Term keep the Premises and all fixtures thereof (including electrical, lighting, heating, and plumbing and plumbing fixtures, and any air conditioning systems) in good order, condition, and repair. Tenant shall repair any damages to the structural portions of the Facility attributable to (caused by) Tenant or its Representatives, at its own costs, or request the Landlord to repair the same and reimburse the reasonable costs thereof.

 

(a)           Maintenance by Landlord. Landlord shall maintain, repair, and replace the structural portions of the Premises. Landlord shall repair and replace plumbing, utility, and/or sewer lines that service the Premises.

 

Section 5.2           Alterations, Additions, and Improvements.

 

(a)           Tenant shall not make any alterations, additions, or improvements to the Premises without Landlord’s advance written consent, except for minor non-structural alterations that are not made on the exteriors of the Facility.

 

(b)           Unless otherwise agreed with Landlord, Tenant shall remove all furniture, personal property, trade fixtures, shelves, bins, and machinery installed by Tenant before the expiration or termination of this Agreement and Tenant shall be responsible for repairing, upon the expiration or termination of this Lease, all damage to the Premises or the Facility caused by the installation or removal of such items.

 

ARTICLE VI
PAYMENTS AND TAXES

 

Section 6.1           Payments.

 

(a)           Tenant shall make all payments due under this Agreement by wire to an account designated by Landlord.

 

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(b)           Subject to and unless otherwise specifically set forth in Article IV with respect to the deferred payments of the First Year Rent and the Shared Cost, interest of 4% per year, calculated on a daily basis from the date the payment was required to be paid to the date of actual payment, will be assessed to any late payment under this Agreement.

 

Section 6.2           Taxes.

 

(a)           Rent and other sums payable under this Agreement are exclusive of taxes. Tenant shall be responsible for all sales, use, excise, and value added taxes, and any other similar taxes, duties, and charges of any kind imposed by any Governmental Authority on any amounts payable by Tenant hereunder, other than any taxes imposed on, or with respect to, Landlord’s income, revenues, gross receipts, personnel, or real or personal property, or other assets, and shall pay all Rent and other sums payable hereunder free and clear of all deductions and withholdings whatsoever, unless the deduction or withholding is required by Law. If any deduction or withholding is required by Law, Tenant shall pay to Landlord such sum as will, after the deduction or withholding has been made, leave Landlord with the same amount as it would have been entitled to receive without any such requirement to make a deduction or withholding.

 

(b)           Tenant shall pay all taxes relating to personal property or other movable property of the Tenant located at the Premises. Landlord shall pay all real estate-related taxes relating to the Premises.

 

ARTICLE VII
TERM AND TERMINATION

 

Section 7.1           Term. This Agreement commences on the Effective Date and continues for an initial term of 5 years, with an option for Tenant to renew for one additional 5-year term, unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 7.2 (the “Term”). The Parties may extend the Term by mutual consent.

 

Section 7.2           Early Termination.

 

(a)           Either Party may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately by giving written notice to the other Party if:

 

(i)       the other Party materially breaches this Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 30 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach, except that if the breach is a payment obligation by Tenant, Landlord may terminate this Agreement if Tenant fails to cure the breach within 15 days after Landlord’s written notice of such breach; or

 

(ii)      the other Party: (1) becomes insolvent; (2) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by Tenant are dishonored, (3) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts), that is not fully stayed within 30 Business Days or is not dismissed or vacated within 60 Business Days after filing; or (4) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

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(b)           Landlord may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately upon giving written notice to Tenant if (i) VIA, alone or in combination with its Affiliates, no longer has control (as defined in the definition of Affiliate) of Tenant, or (ii) if the Parties agree, following good-faith discussions, in the event Toppan no longer holds any shares in Tenant.

 

(c)           If the Premises are totally or substantially destroyed by any cause whatsoever, or if the Facility is substantially destroyed (even though the Premises are not totally or substantially destroyed), this Agreement will terminate on the date the destruction occurred.

 

(d)           If Tenant exercises the option to renew this Agreement for 5 years pursuant to Section 7.1 and if during this renewal period this Agreement is terminated for a reason other than pursuant to Section 8.2(b), Section 7.2(c),  or by Tenant pursuant to Section 7.2(a), Tenant shall pay to Landlord, within thirty (30) days after the termination, the Rent for the remaining period of the Term, determined by multiplying the Rent by the number of months remaining until the end of the Term (the “Remaining Rent”). Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if Tenant introduces to Landlord, before the payment of the Remaining Rent, a new tenant that Landlord reasonably deems to be acceptable as a tenant and the new tenant leases the Premises after the termination referred to in the previous sentence, Tenant will not be obligated to pay the Remaining Rent.

 

Section 7.3           Surrender of the Premises. Upon the expiration or other termination of this Agreement, Tenant shall vacate and surrender the Premises vacant, removing all alteration, additions, and improvements made by Tenant to the Premises and, unless agreed otherwise in writing by the Parties, restore the Premises to their original condition. If Tenant fails to restore the Premises to such condition, Landlord may restore the Premises, equipment, and fixtures to such condition and Tenant shall pay the cost thereof upon demand. All of Tenant’s personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery not removed from the Premises when Tenant leaves the Premises upon the expiration or other termination of this Agreement will be deemed to have been abandoned by Tenant and Landlord may require Tenant to remove such personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery at Tenant’s expense or Landlord may have such property removed at Tenant’s expense.

 

Section 7.4           Holding Over. Any holding over by Tenant after the expiration or termination of this Agreement, by lapse of time or otherwise, will not operate to extend or renew this Agreement except by the express mutual written agreement between the Parties. If Tenant fails to perform its obligations under Section 7.3, Tenant shall pay Rent until Tenant has completely vacated the Premises (including the removal of all of Tenant’s personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery from the Premises).

 

Section 7.5           Survival. The rights and obligations of the parties set forth in this Section 7.5 and in ARTICLE I (Definitions), Section 3.6 (Indemnification), Section 7.3 (Surrender of the Premises), Section 7.4 (Holding Over)and ARTICLE VIII (Miscellaneous), and any right, obligation, or required performance of the parties in this Agreement which, by its express terms or nature and context is intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive any such termination or expiration.

 

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ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 8.1           Confidentiality. Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent. “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information; provided, however, each Party may disclose such Confidential Information to its Affiliates, in each case on a need-to-know basis for the purpose of facilitating the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its Affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such Affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure.

 

Section 8.2           Independent Contractors. The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing contained in this Agreement is to be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture, or other form of joint enterprise, employment, or fiduciary relationship between the Parties and neither Party has the authority to contract for or bind the other Party in any manner whatsoever.

 

Section 8.3           Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 8.4           Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 8.5           Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by

 

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e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 8.5):

 

If to Landlord:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp, kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp
Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

With a copy to (which will not
constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)
Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl
2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074
E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com
Attention: Eric Marcks

 

If to Tenant:

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD.
1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi
Shiga, 527-0046 Japan
E-mail: JWoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

With a copy to (which will not
constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH
Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg
E-mail: CAlbert@via-optronics.com
Attention: Christine Albert

Jones Day
Kamiyacho Prime Place
1-17, Toranomon 4-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN
E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com
Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

Section 8.6           Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 8.7           Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable

 

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that term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 8.8           Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Framework Agreement constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

Section 8.9           Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 8.10        No Third-party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 8.11        Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 8.12        Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)           This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)           The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 8.12(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)           If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior

 

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officers under Section 8.12(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English.  The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 8.13        Specific Performance. The Parties agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Parties are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 8.14        Attorneys’ Fees. If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

Section 8.15        Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Shiga Facility Lease Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Shiga Facility Lease Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Name: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Title: Representative Director

 

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EX-10.9 9 filename9.htm

 

Exhibit 10.9

 

EXECUTION COPY

 

SATTE FACILITY LEASE AGREEMENT

 

This Satte Facility Lease Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Landlord”), and VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Tenant”). This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Landlord and Tenant is referred to as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.            Landlord, which owns 35% of Tenant’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of Tenant’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to which Landlord has agreed to lease to Tenant the Leased Premises.

 

B.            Landlord and Tenant enter into this Agreement to implement the lease of the Premises to Tenant in accordance with the Framework Agreement.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1           The terms set forth below have the meanings specified or referred to below.

 

Affiliate: Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. The term “control” of a Person (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Person.

 

Business Day: Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan or Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Common Areas: All areas and facilities located outside of the Premises and within the exterior boundary line of the Facility that are provided and designated by the Landlord from time to time for the general non-exclusive use of Landlord, Tenant, and other occupants of the Facility, and their respective employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors, and invitees, including, without limitation, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, trash areas, lighting facilities, fences and gates, roadways, sidewalks, walkways, parkways, driveways, and landscaped areas.

 

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Facility:  The Premises and the Common Areas, together with all other existing and future buildings and improvements erected on the land located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013, Japan.

 

Governmental Authority: Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

Law: Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Permitted Use: Offices for management, operational, and administrative functions and manufacturing facility for manufacturing copper PET film used in touch panel sensors and related products.

 

Person: An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Premises: The space for the use of Tenant (1,676 square meters) at Landlord’s facility located at 4237-1 Soushinden, Satte-shi, Saitama, 340-0013, Japan described in Schedule 1.

 

Representative: With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Rules and Regulations: The rules and regulations that apply to the Premises and Common Areas established by Landlord from time to time.

 

Term: As defined in Section 7.1.

 

ARTICLE II
LEASE OF PREMISES

 

Section 2.1           Lease of Premises. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Landlord hereby leases to Tenant, and Tenant hereby leases from Landlord, the Premises during the Term.

 

Section 2.2           Acceptance of Premises. Tenant hereby acknowledges that: (a) Tenant has had the opportunity to inspect the Premises; (b) the Premises are acceptable for Tenant’s intended Permitted Use as of the date of such inspection.  The Landlord hereby acknowledges that, the Rent under Section 4.2 is based on the condition that the Premises are fit for such Permitted Use, and if the Premises become unfit for such Permitted Use due to the reason not attributable to the Tenant, the Landlord and the Tenant shall negotiate in good faith and revise  the Rent reflecting the above accordingly; and neither Landlord nor any of Landlord’s Representatives has made any oral or written representations or warranties with respect to

 

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the Premises other than as set forth in this Agreement. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, TENANT ACCEPTS THE PREMISES IN THEIR “AS-IS” CONDITION.

 

Section 2.3           Common Areas. Landlord hereby grants to Tenant, for the benefit of Tenant and its employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors, and invitees, during the Term, the nonexclusive right to use the Common Areas as they exist from time to time, subject to any rights, powers, and privileges reserved by Landlord under the terms hereof or under the terms of any Rules and Regulations governing the use of the Common Areas. Under no circumstances will the right granted herein be deemed to include the temporary or permanent right to store any property in the Common Areas. Landlord may, from time to time: (a) establish, modify, amend, and enforce the Rules and Regulations regarding the Common Areas; (b) make changes to the Common Areas, including, without limitation, changes in the location, size, shape, and number of driveways, entrances, ingress, egress, direction of traffic, parking spaces, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, landscaped areas, and walkways; (c) close temporarily any of the Common Areas for maintenance purposes so long as reasonable access to the Premises remains available; (d) add additional buildings and improvements to the Common Areas; and (e) do and perform such other acts and make such other changes in, to, or with respect to the Common Areas as Landlord may, in the exercise of sound business judgment, deem to be appropriate. All parking areas, driveways, entrances and exits thereto, stairways, lobbies, and all other Common Areas will be at all times subject to the exclusive control and management of Landlord.

 

ARTICLE III
USE OF THE PREMISES

 

Section 3.1           Permitted Use.  Tenant shall use the Premises only for the Permitted Use and shall not use the Premises for any other purposes. Tenant shall not use the Facility or permit the Premises to be used in violation of any Law or in a manner that annoys or interferes with the rights of other occupants of the Facility.

 

Section 3.2           Uses Prohibited. Tenant shall not do or permit anything to be done in or about the Premises nor bring or keep anything in or on the Premises that is not within the Permitted Use or that will in any way increase the existing rate on or affect any insurance upon the Facility or cause a cancellation of any insurance policy covering the Facility or any part thereof or any of its contents.

 

Section 3.3           No Assignment or Subleasing. Tenant shall not sell, assign, encumber, pledge, or otherwise transfer all or any part of the Premises, sublet all or any party of the Premises, or permit the Premises to be occupied by anyone other than Tenant.

 

Section 3.4           Permits and Documents.

 

(a)           Tenant, in a timely manner, shall obtain and maintain in full force and effect all permits, licenses, and approvals, and shall make and file all notifications and registrations, that Tenant is required to hold or to make by applicable Laws. Tenant shall at all times comply with the terms and conditions of any such permits, license, approvals, notifications, and registrations.

 

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(b)           Landlord represents and warrants that it has all permits, licenses, and approvals that it is required to hold to lease the Premises to Tenant throughout the Term of this Agreement.

 

Section 3.5           Landlord’s Access. Landlord or its Representatives may enter the Premises at all reasonable times to inspect the Premises or for any other purpose Landlord deems necessary. Landlord shall give Tenant reasonable advance notice of such entry, except in the case of an emergency. Landlord will at all times have and retain a key with which to unlock all of the standard entrances and exit doors in, upon, and about the Premises, and Landlord may use any and all means that Landlord may deem proper to open such doors in an emergency, in order to obtain entry to the Premises without liability to Tenant, except for any failure to exercise due care for Tenant’s property.  In this Section 3.5, the term of “emergency” shall mean an imminent physical risk or damage to the Premises or the properties/personnel located in the Premises is occurring or reasonably foreseeable.

 

Section 3.6           Indemnification.

 

(a)           Tenant shall indemnify, defend, save, and keep Landlord, and Landlord’s Representatives and successors, and assigns, harmless from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, charges, losses, damages, penalties, claims, actions, and expenses, including without limitation, engineers’ and professional fees, imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against Landlord, in each case, as the result of a third-party claim against Landlord, in any way relating to, arising out of, or in connection with, Tenant’s use of the Facility or the Common Areas in violation of this ARTICLE III.

 

(b)           Landlord shall indemnify, defend, save, and keep Tenant, and Tenant’s Representatives and successors, and assigns, harmless from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, charges, losses, damages, penalties, claims, actions, and expenses, including without limitation, engineers’ and professional fees, imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against Tenant, in each case, as the result of a third-party claim against Tenant, in any way relating to, arising out of, or in connection with, Landlord’s breach of Section 3.4(b).

 

ARTICLE IV
RENT AND OTHER PAYMENTS

 

Section 4.1           Rent and Other Payments. Tenant shall pay rent equal to JPY3,354, 167 (exclusive of applicable consumption tax) per month throughout the Term (the “Rent”). If taxes assessed on the Facility or Premises increase considerably or if there is another unanticipated and unavoidable change in circumstance that considerably increases the cost of owning the Facility or Premises, the Parties shall discuss in good faith an appropriate increase in the Rent. In addition, Tenant shall share certain maintenance costs incurred in connection with the Facility, for the items described in Schedule 2 (the “Maintenance Costs”), as well as certain administration fees payable to Toppan Techno Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Landlord (“Toppan Techno”) (the “Techno Administration Fee”), as set forth below.  The sharing ratio between Tenant and Landlord for both the Maintenance Cost and Techno Administration Fee shall be forty percent (40%) for Tenant and sixty percent (60%) for Landlord (the “Sharing Ratio”). The respective amounts payable for such Rent and Maintenance Costs for the term of this Agreement is set forth in Schedule 3 hereto (“Payment Schedule”).

 

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Section 4.2           Payment of Rent.

 

(a)           Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, Tenant shall pay the Rent for the period from March 26, 2018 through March 2019 (the “First-Year Rent”) starting in April 2019. Tenant shall pay the First-Year Rent equally in monthly installments over a four-year period, at the same time as it pays Rent that becomes due monthly on and after April 2019, along with interest of 2% per year, calculated on a daily basis. Notwithstanding the previous two sentences, before April of each year of the Term, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether and to what extent Tenant is able to accelerate the repayment of the First-Year Rent without causing undue harm to its business operations and financial situation, and if the Parties conclude that Tenant is able to accelerate such repayment in light of those factors, Tenant will repay the First-Year Rent at the accelerated schedule agreed by the Parties.

 

(b)           Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, Tenant shall pay the Rent (including First-Year Rent) for a month in arrears, by the 60th day after the first day of the next month (i.e., the Rent for the month of April is due June 30). Rent due for any period of less than a full month will be appropriately apportioned based on the number of days in that month.

 

(c)           Interest of 4 % per year, calculated on a daily basis, will be assessed on late payments of the Rent (including First-Year Rent). Pursuant to the Payment Schedule, interest will be payable at the end of every calendar quarter (i.e., interest on Rent that is due but unpaid by the end of July, August, and/or September is due and payable on the last day of September). Notwithstanding the fact that the Term (defined below) commences on the Effective Date, the first payment of interest on late Rent payments, if any, will not come due until the last day of December 2018.

 

(d)           Tenant will pay consumption tax on the rent in accordance with the payment schedule set forth in Schedule 3. If the Japanese government increases the consumption tax during the Term (as defined in Section 7.1), Schedule 3 will be updated to reflect the increased consumption tax.

 

Section 4.3           Payment of Shared Cost

 

(a)           By the 10th Business Day of each month, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant an invoice (a “Landlord Invoice”) setting forth (i) the total amounts of Maintenance Cost and Techno Administration Fee incurred in the previous month and (ii) the amounts to be allocated to Tenant under the Sharing Ratio (the “Shared Cost”), and by the last day of each month, Landlord shall send to Tenant a copy of the invoice sent by Toppan Techno to Landlord for the Techno Administration Fee in the Landlord Invoice described in the first part of this sentence. Within 10 Business Days after Tenant’s receipt of the copy of the Landlord invoice, Tenant shall review the amounts and items described in the invoice for the Shared Costs and notify Landlord of its approval or rejection (together with its request to provide more information or otherwise to modify.)  If approved, Tenant shall pay such amount of the Shared Cost by 60th day after the first day of the next month (i.e., the Rent for the month of April is due June 30) , unless otherwise subject to the payment schedule described in Paragraph (b) below.  A sample form of Landlord Invoice is attached to this Agreement as Schedule 4.

 

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(b)           Notwithstanding of Paragraph (a) above, the payment of the Shared Costs incurred for the period from March 26, 2018 through September 30, 2018 (the “Initial Shared Costs”) shall be deferred until and paid on or before March 31, 2019, in a single installment. Interest of 2% per year, calculated on a daily basis, will accrue on the Initial Shared Costs, from July 1, 2018 until March 31, 2019, inclusive, and such interest shall be deferred until and paid on or before March 31, 2019, in a single installment. Interest of 4 % per year, calculated on a daily basis, will be assessed on late payments of the Shared Costs (including Initial Shared Costs). Interest will be payable at the end of every calendar quarter (i.e., interest on Shared Costs that is due but unpaid by the end of July, August, and/or September is due and payable on the last day of September). Notwithstanding the fact that the Term commences on the Effective Date, the first payment of interest on late Shared Cost payments, if any, will not come due until the last day of December, 2018. Shared Costs due for any period of less than a full month will be appropriately apportioned based on the number of days in that month, and shall be so described in applicable invoice to be prepared by Landlord.

 

ARTICLE V
MAINTENANCE, REPAIRS, AND ALTERATIONS

 

Section 5.1           Maintenance by Tenant. Tenant shall at all times during the Term keep the Premises and all fixtures thereof (including electrical, lighting, heating, and plumbing and plumbing fixtures, and any air conditioning systems) in good order, condition, and repair. Tenant shall repair any damages to the structural portions of the Facility attributable to (caused by) Tenant or its Representatives, at its own costs, or request the Landlord to repair the same and reimburse the reasonable costs thereof.

 

(a)           Maintenance by Landlord. Landlord shall maintain, repair, and replace the structural portions of the Premises. Landlord shall repair and replace plumbing, utility, and/or sewer lines that service the Premises.

 

Section 5.2           Alterations, Additions, and Improvements.

 

(a)           Tenant shall not make any alterations, additions, or improvements to the Premises without Landlord’s advance written consent, except for minor non-structural alterations that are not made on the exteriors of the Facility.

 

(b)           Unless otherwise agreed with Landlord, Tenant shall remove all furniture, personal property, trade fixtures, shelves, bins, and machinery installed by Tenant before the expiration or termination of this Agreement and Tenant shall be responsible for repairing, upon the expiration or termination of this Lease, all damage to the Premises or the Facility caused by the installation or removal of such items.

 

ARTICLE VI
PAYMENTS AND TAXES

 

Section 6.1           Payments.

 

(a)           Tenant shall make all payments due under this Agreement by wire to an account designated by Landlord.

 

 

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(b)           Subject to and unless otherwise specifically set forth in Article IV with respect to the deferred payments of the First Year Rent and the Shared Cost, interest of 4% per year, calculated on a daily basis from the date the payment was required to be paid to the date of actual payment, will be assessed to any late payment under this Agreement.

 

Section 6.2           Taxes.

 

(a)           Rent and other sums payable under this Agreement are exclusive of taxes. Tenant shall be responsible for all sales, use, excise, and value added taxes, and any other similar taxes, duties, and charges of any kind imposed by any Governmental Authority on any amounts payable by Tenant hereunder, other than any taxes imposed on, or with respect to, Landlord’s income, revenues, gross receipts, personnel, or real or personal property, or other assets, and shall pay all Rent and other sums payable hereunder free and clear of all deductions and withholdings whatsoever, unless the deduction or withholding is required by Law. If any deduction or withholding is required by Law, Tenant shall pay to Landlord such sum as will, after the deduction or withholding has been made, leave Landlord with the same amount as it would have been entitled to receive without any such requirement to make a deduction or withholding.

 

(b)           Tenant shall pay all taxes relating to personal property or other movable property of the Tenant located at the Premises. Landlord shall pay all real estate-related taxes relating to the Premises.

 

ARTICLE VII
TERM AND TERMINATION

 

Section 7.1           Term. This Agreement commences on the Effective Date and continues for a term of 2 years, unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 7.2 (the “Term”). The Parties may extend the Term by mutual consent.

 

Section 7.2           Early Termination.

 

(a)           Either Party may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately by giving written notice to the other Party if:

 

(i)       the other Party materially breaches this Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 30 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach, except that if the breach is a payment obligation by Tenant, Landlord may terminate this Agreement if Tenant fails to cure the breach within 15 days after Landlord’s written notice of such breach; or

 

(ii)      the other Party: (1) becomes insolvent; (2) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by Tenant are dishonored, (3) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts), that is not fully stayed within 30 Business Days or is not dismissed or vacated within 60 Business Days after filing; or (4) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

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(b)           Landlord may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately upon giving written notice to Tenant if (i) VIA, alone or in combination with its Affiliates, no longer has control (as defined in the definition of Affiliate) of Tenant, or (ii) if the Parties agree, following good-faith discussions, in the event Toppan no longer holds any shares in Tenant.

 

(c)           If the Premises are totally or substantially destroyed by any cause whatsoever, or if the Facility is substantially destroyed (even though the Premises are not totally or substantially destroyed), this Agreement will terminate on the date the destruction occurred.

 

(d)           Tenant may terminate this Agreement with 6 months’ advance written notice based on mutual agreement after good-faith discussions.

 

Section 7.3           Surrender of the Premises. Upon the expiration or other termination of this Agreement, Tenant shall vacate and surrender the Premises vacant, removing all alteration, additions, and improvements made by Tenant to the Premises and, unless agreed otherwise in writing by the Parties, restore the Premises to their original condition. If Tenant fails to restore the Premises to such condition, Landlord may restore the Premises, equipment, and fixtures to such condition and Tenant shall pay the cost thereof upon demand. All of Tenant’s personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery not removed from the Premises when Tenant leaves the Premises upon the expiration or other termination of this Agreement will be deemed to have been abandoned by Tenant and Landlord may require Tenant to remove such personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery at Tenant’s expense or Landlord may have such property removed at Tenant’s expense.

 

Section 7.4           Holding Over. Any holding over by Tenant after the expiration or termination of this Agreement, by lapse of time or otherwise, will not operate to extend or renew this Agreement except by the express mutual written agreement between the Parties. If Tenant fails to perform its obligations under Section 7.3, Tenant shall pay Rent until Tenant has completely vacated the Premises (including the removal of all of Tenant’s personal property, furniture, trade fixtures, and machinery from the Premises).

 

Section 7.5           Survival. The rights and obligations of the parties set forth in this Section 7.5 and in ARTICLE I (Definitions), Section 3.6 (Indemnification), Section 7.3 (Surrender of the Premises), Section 7.4 (Holding Over)and ARTICLE VIII (Miscellaneous), and any right, obligation, or required performance of the parties in this Agreement which, by its express terms or nature and context is intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive any such termination or expiration.

 

ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 8.1           Confidentiality. Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent. “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without

 

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access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information; provided, however, each Party may disclose such Confidential Information to its Affiliates, in each case on a need-to-know basis for the purpose of facilitating the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its Affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such Affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure.

 

Section 8.2           Independent Contractors. The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing contained in this Agreement is to be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture, or other form of joint enterprise, employment, or fiduciary relationship between the Parties and neither Party has the authority to contract for or bind the other Party in any manner whatsoever.

 

Section 8.3           Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 8.4           Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 8.5           Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 8.5):

 

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If to Landlord:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp,
kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp
Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

With a copy to (which will not
constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)
Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl
2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074
E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com
Attention: Eric Marcks

 

If to Tenant:

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD.
1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi
Shiga, 527-0046 Japan
E-mail: JWoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

With a copy to (which will not
constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH
Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg
E-mail: CAlbert@via-optronics.com
Attention: Christine Albert

 

Jones Day
Kamiyacho Prime Place
1-17, Toranomon 4-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN
E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com
Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

Section 8.6           Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 8.7           Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 8.8           Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Framework Agreement constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter

 

10


 

contained herein and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

Section 8.9           Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 8.10        No Third-party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 8.11        Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 8.12        Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)           This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)           The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 8.12(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)           If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 8.12(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English.  The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral

 

11


 

proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 8.13        Specific Performance. The Parties agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Parties are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 8.14        Attorneys’ Fees. If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

Section 8.15        Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Satte Facility Lease Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name: Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title: Senior General Manager

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Satte Facility Lease Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR CO., LTD.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Name: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Title: Representative Director

 

14



EX-10.10 10 filename10.htm

Exhibit 10.10

 

BUSINESS ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT

 

This Business Assistance Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018, between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Toppan”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (the “Company”). This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Toppan and the Company is referred to as a “Party”, and together, as the “Parties”.

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Toppan operates a business in Japan that develops, manufactures and markets copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors (the “Business”).

 

B.                                    Toppan and VIA optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), entered into a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”) pursuant to which (i) Toppan will transfer certain assets and liabilities relating to the Business to the Company and (ii) VIA will own 65% of the Company and Toppan will own 35% of the Company.

 

C.                                    In accordance with Section 2.07(a) of the Framework Agreement, the Company desires to procure, and Toppan desires to provide, certain services to support the Business, including administrative and back-office support, procurement support and design and mask support.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1.                                      Term.

 

(a)                                 The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall begin on the Effective Date, and shall continue for 3 years unless terminated earlier (i) in writing by the Company on the 30th day after the Company delivers a notice of termination to Toppan in writing or (ii) pursuant to Section 1(b), Section 1(c), or Section 1(d).

 

(b)                                 Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party: (1) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (2) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by the other Party are dishonored, (3) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts); or (4) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

(c)                                  Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party materially breaches this Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 15 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach.

 


 

(d)                                 Toppan may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the Company if (i) VIA, alone or in combination with its affiliates, no longer has a majority stake in the Company or the right to appoint a majority of the Company’s board members, or (ii) Toppan no longer holds any shares in the Company.

 

2.                                      Services.

 

(a)                                 Toppan shall perform the services set forth on Schedule 1 (the “Services”) in accordance with the terms contained therein. The Services set forth on Schedule 1 may be altered, from time to time, to expand, reduce or delete Services, to alter the scope of any of the Services, or to modify their frequency (in which case appropriate changes to the section of the Payment of the Work (Cost of Consignment), including the Standard Monthly Fee, may be made) upon mutual consent of the Parties, which consent shall revise Schedule 1 and supersede and replace the Schedule 1 then in effect. The Company shall furnish Toppan with such information and other reasonable assistance as is necessary to enable Toppan to perform the Services.

 

(b)                                 Toppan will use reasonable and good care, skill and diligence to perform the Services, which shall be at minimum at the same level as Toppan provides or would provide to its own firm or to its other affiliates under similar circumstances.

 

3.                                      Staffing. In the provision of Services, Toppan will allocate an appropriate number of staff with appropriate qualifications to perform the Services.

 

4.                                      Fees and Expenses.

 

(a)                                 In consideration for the Services provided by Toppan, the Company shall pay Toppan an amount equal to the aggregate figures listed in “(4) Payment of the work (Cost of consignment) - Standard Monthly Fee” in Schedule 1, subject to the adjustment set forth in Section 5 below (the “Fees”).

 

(b)                                 Toppan may, with the Company’s consent, incur expenses, such as travel expenses, in connection with performance of the Services (the “Expenses”). Toppan shall pay the Expenses in the first instance and the Company shall reimburse Toppan for the Expenses. The Company acknowledges that if it does not grant its consent to Toppan’s incurrence of an expense, Toppan will not be obligated to incur that expense and Toppan will not be deemed to have breached its obligation to perform a Service if the reason Toppan does not perform the Service is attributable to the Company’s failure to consent to an expense that is necessary for Toppan’s performance of the Service.

 

5.                                      Invoicing for Fees and Expenses. Toppan shall calculate the Fees for Services rendered each month, taking into account the proportion of total work hours each Toppan staff spends on the Services (i.e., the Fees for a Toppan staff who spends 80% of his or her work time performing a Service would be that proportion multiplied by the Standard Monthly Fee

 

2


 

corresponding to the Service) will invoice the Company monthly for the Fees for Services rendered and for Expenses incurred through the end of each month. Each invoice shall include sufficient detail to support the Fees and Expenses set forth therein. All invoices will be in Japanese Yen. The Company will pay the invoiced amounts within 60 days of receipt of each invoice. Payments shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the following account, or such other account as Toppan may designate to the Company in writing:

 

Bank Name: SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION

Branch Name: Nihonbashi

Branch Bank Address: 2-1-1, Nihonbashimuromachi, Chuo-ku,
Tokyo, 103-0022, Japan

SWIFT CODE: SMBCJPJT

Account No: 1025362

Beneficiary name: TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

Beneficiary address: 1-5-1, Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan

 

6.                                      Supply Price. Any supplies obtained from third parties sold by Toppan to the Company in connection with the provision of the Services shall be sold without any mark-up and at the price that Toppan paid for such supplies.

 

7.                                      Books and Records. Toppan shall maintain accurate and complete books of account, documents and records relating to the provision of the Services for a period of five years from the creation of those books, and documents, and records. During the Term, Toppan agrees to provide the Company reasonable access to Toppan’s books and records that it is obligated to maintain pursuant to the previous sentence as necessary to monitor the Services and invoicing therefor.

 

8.                                      Confidentiality. Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent. “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information: provided, however, each Party may disclose such Confidential Information to its affiliates, in each case on a need-to-know basis for the purpose of facilitating the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the disclosing Party cause its affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party

 

3


 

(i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure.

 

9.                                      Relationship of the Parties. In performing the Services, it is understood and agreed that Toppan will be deemed to be an independent contractor of the Company.

 

10.                               Indemnification.

 

(a)                                 Toppan shall indemnify the Company from and against any loss, liability, damage or expense suffered or incurred as a result of Toppan’s gross negligence or willful misconduct in performing the Services, in accordance to the general principals of applicable contract laws in Japan.

 

(b)                                 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE FIRST SENTENCE IN SECTION 2(b), TOPPAN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE SERVICES (INCLUDING THE RESULTS OF THE SERVICES); WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW.

 

(c)                                  EXCEPT FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM EITHER PARTY’S INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT OR GROSS NEGLIGENCE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, NEITHER PARTY WILL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR ENHANCED DAMAGES WHETHER ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, PRODUCT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING THE ENTRY INTO, PERFORMANCE, OR BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT). UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE AMOUNT OF PAYMENTS RECEIVED BY TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

 

11.                               Communication. All written or oral communication between the Parties related to this Agreement and that involve the participation of a Company officer, director, or employee who does not speak Japanese shall be in the English language. Other communications in connection with this Agreement between Japanese-speaking Toppan personnel and Japanese-speaking Company personnel may be in Japanese if it is efficient to do so and as long as any information exchanged in such communications that is material to the Company’s operations or that should, by its nature, be conveyed to the Company board of directors, is subsequently recorded or conveyed to the Company board in English. All costs and expenses related to any translation or interpretation services required by either Party shall be borne by the Party requiring such translation or interpretation services.

 

12.                               Notices. All notices under this Agreement that are required to be in writing shall be given in writing upon receipt by either registered mail, return receipt requested, by recognized overnight courier, by email, or by such other means as the Parties mutually agree, as follows:

 

4


 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

Toppan Shibaura Bldg.

3-19-26 Shibaura Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

Email: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp

kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

If to the Company:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi

Shiga, 527-0046, Japan

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com

Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

With a copy (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

Jones Day

Kamiyacho Prime Place

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

E-mail: mushiiimaionesday.com

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

13.                               Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

14.                               Entire Agreement. This Agreement, and all related Schedules hereto or Statements of Work delivered hereunder, constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

15.                               Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

5


 

16.                               No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

17.                               Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any other provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

18.                               Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

19.                               Dispute Resolution. The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) though good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 19, the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute. If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under this Section 19, the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to the consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under any one or more of the Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Framework Agreement) (notwithstanding the fact that those agreements may be governed by different laws).

 

20.                               Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, email or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of any original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Business Assistance Agreement on the date first stated above.

 

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name: Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

 

Title: Senior General Manager

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Business Assistance Agreement on the date first stated above.

 

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR PRODUCTS, CO., LTD.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Name: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

Title: Representative Director

 


 

Schedule 1 Consignment Work List Monthly Fee delivery customer’s approval. (TP Technical Taro Sakamoto company company statement (draft) will be Prepared confirmation / approval of contents government offices at an appropriate electronic manifest 7 business days. Before appraisal, appropriate personnel consideration (compensation) for Response to social security system expenses for principal environment Performing obligation environment environment in compliance with laws Department 1) Scope of Work 2) Task 3) Deliverables 4) Payment of the work (Cost of consignment) 5)Expected Outcomes (e.g. PO issued financial data provided on xx date,) Proportion (Schedule) Number of Persons/month Standard Sales/CS Supporting Sales and production control Preparation of price proposal, creation of quotation for customer submission Develop customer supply drawing, hold design review meeting Product arrangement Follow up delivery schedule Shipment arrangement Processing instructions at the time of complaint Price Proposal, Quotation Design Review Minutes Payment date response form Shipping instructions Processing in the factory related to complaint processing 100% 2 persons 979, 276 Replying price to customer requirements Adjustment for customer’s requested date Delivery of products as expected Appropriate complaint handling Design Manufacturing design operation 1) Pattern design 2) CAD 3) Checking Drawing 1) Mask design instruction, customer approval drawing 2) 3) Mask Production drawing (toppan – mask vendor) 100% ‘33%x3 Persons’ 6 persons 3 persons 5,213,904 551,782 816,008 1). Pattern design according to customer’s request and get Opening 2T) 2) Instructions for manufacturing masks according to customers’ requests (Manufacturing design (Shim)) 3) Instructions for manufacturing masks according to customers’ requests 1) Pattern Design Takahiro Harada (Manager) Kanae Bani Bi shi (Contract Engineer) Masaaki Serizawa (Contract Engineer) Muhammad Razin (Contract Engineer) 2)CAD, 3) Checking Drawing Yasunori Kitagawa Tetsutaro Kawabata Kazuki Shima Procurement Purchasing service agency 1) Main materials, sub-materials and equipment procurement 2) Purchasing specification maintenance 3) Vendor management 4) Repair price negotiation Possible procurement under letterpress transaction Counterparty on concluding and maintenance Stable procurement through monitoring Possible procurement under letterpress transaction conditions (price, delivery date) 100% 2 persons Price negotiation for cost reduction Reduction of workload of new company Reduction of workload of new Reduction of workload of new Accounting Accounting / accounting work of the new company, substitution for inventory calculation work 1) Bookkeeping business 2) Management of liability outstanding balance 3) Payment approval work 4) Calculation of valuation of products • work in process 0) Others VTS, work agreed on letterpress (assuming support for account owning and tax notice) Based on Japanese GAAP Balance sheet • Profit and loss statement (draft) (Response and explanation such as confirmation / approval of contents and audit etc. Responsibility is out of scope) 100% 1 person 1,1478,001 Based on Japanese GAAP Balance sheet • profit and loss (Response and explanation such as and audit etc. Responsibility is out of scope) Environment Work related to environmental improvement 1) Government agency reporting of notification procedures and annual results (energy, chemicals, industrial waste) based on environmental laws of the new company 2) Follow-up system for industrial waste disposal (Support for concluding contract with contractor, support for electronic manifest operation) 3) Support for continuation of ISO 14001 certification Conduct obligation to comply with government agency reports on environment Conclusion of contracts for contracting industrial waste • commissioned operation, electronic manifest operation support Continuation of ISO 14001 certification 30% 30% 40% 1 person 1person 1 person 197,871 Report notification procedures and yearly results (energy, chemical substances, industrial waste) based on environmental laws of VTS to time. Support for concluding contract with contractor for industrial waste disposal, support for managing Continued ISO 14001 certification, prevention of environmental accidents General Affairs Administrative work of seconded employees 1) Labor management (such as attendance management, arrangement of medical examination etc.) 2) Personnel evaluation, personnel change correspondence (adjustment of appraisal of regular salary / bonus, correspondence of personnel change, organization of various in-house education, etc.) 3) Salary / bonus calculation, payment 4) Social insurance (health insurance / welfare pension) Employment insurance procedure 5) Contingency expense, checking of business trip settlement work (general affairs approval work ... BIT system) 6) Welfare welfare (welfare association, financial form, Izumi party, lek, various events, etc.) 7) Payment processing of expenses necessary for the operation of corporate activities (facility utility fee (gas, electricity & water), pest control • cleaning & garbage disposal fee, medical examination, postage charge, uniform cleaning fee etc.), as agreed by the Company 8) Labor Insurance premium payment support (data provision to social insurance labor office) We provide time data (overtime work / temporary attendance time) from 1st of the current month to the end of this month by the next implementing the medical examination, notify the list of subjects and estimate amount. Adjustment result of adjustment of personnel evaluation (regular salary revision, bonus ... twice a year, grading promotion, supervisory appointment and dismissal) feedback, reflection on salary • bonus amount, notification of personnel change notification before implementation, notification before implementation of various In-house training Salary payment to seconded employees is 25th every month. Present invoiced labor cost to VTS from accounting (in the case of salary base at the end of the current month, on the basis of labor cost the eighth business day of the next month) Payment of insurance premium. Regarding company burden amount, it is presented from accounting, including in labor cost. Payment is carried out at any time. We present billing expenses to VTS from accounting. Presentation from company accounting Presented from accounting by billing amount Provide data to the social insurance labor office at the annual renewal (June) 100% 1 person 494,680 Realization of a healthy working environment conforming to laws and regulations. Employee health management. Reflect on the treatment according to allocation Execution obligation to pay labor Completion obligation of liquidating Realization of safe and secure work to pay necessary expenses. Realization of a clean and safe work Realization of a healthy working and regulations

 

Monthly Fee sorting customer delivered items and instructed by VTS. VTS, shipping processing: creation finished products, reporting to VTS carry out the work from issuance of company and training based on BCP accidents (Note) Either delegate Department 1) Scope of Work 2) Task 3) Deliverables 4) Payment of the work (Cost of consignment) 5)Expected Outcomes (e.g. PO issued financial data provided on xx date,) Proportion (Schedule) Number of Persons/month Standard Production Control Product shipping business 1) Acceptance / sorting of products: acceptance of shipped products from the VTS manufacturing department, sorting of customer delivered items and outsourced processed items 2) Issuance of product label: the work from issuance and pasting of packing exterior label required for product (including issuance and pasting of case mark of products to be shipped to overseas customers) 3) Shipment processing: creation of shipping processing details of finished products, reporting to VTS production management, issuance of invoice 4) Packing /.shipping: work until issuance of a form required for shipping the product to the shipping company Inventory table Product label Delivery note Packing / shipping: Issuance of a form required for shipping products 100% 2 persons 1,086,004 Acceptance of shipped products from the VTS manufacturing division, outsourced processed items. Issue and paste the product label as According to the Instructions of of shipping processing details of production management and issuing invoice Follow the instructions of VTS to the form required for shipment to delivery to the shipping company. Quality Control QMS management secretariat Management of chemical substances contained in products BCP Management Office Safety risk assessment secretariat 1) Internal audit management, auditor training 2) New company OMS launch support 3) Support for acquisition of ISO 9001 certification 1) Supplier survey, preparation of report 2) Management of green procurement guidelines 1) Document management, BCP training to letterpress or consult after April 1) Secretariat of in -process work risk analysis (publication setup) Internal audit report, auditor certification Quality manual, upper standard revision ISO 9001 certification Product content survey report Green Procurement Guidelines Prepare for response in case of emergency Risk assessment table 15% 20% (2%) 5% 2 persons 1 person (1 person) 1 person 349,236 Construction and operation of the new company’s OMS Acquired 1509001 certification Reduction of workload of new Continuation of BCM and education Risk reduction of occupational

 


EX-10.11 11 filename11.htm

Exhibit 10.11

 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

TRANSFERRED IP PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

This Transferred IP Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Buyer”), and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Seller”). Each of Buyer and Seller is referred to as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Seller, which owns 35% of Buyer’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of Buyer’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to which Seller has agreed to transfer to Buyer the Intellectual Property (this term, and all other terms that are capitalized but not defined in this Agreement, have the meanings set forth in the Framework Agreement) set forth in Exhibit A (the “Transferred IP”).

 

B.                                    The Parties enter into this Agreement to implement the transfer of the Transferred IP from Seller to Buyer in accordance with the Framework Agreement.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
TRANSFER OF TRANSFERRED IP; PAYMENT

 

Section 1.1.           Subject to the terms of this Article I, Seller shall sell and transfer the Transferred IP to Buyer in exchange for JPY568,675,000 (the “IP Purchase Price”).

 

Section 1.2.           On the Closing Date, Seller shall sell and transfer the Transferred IP to Buyer and Buyer shall pay JPY369,638,750 (exclusive of consumption tax) (the “Closing Payment”) to the Toppan Account. Buyer shall, in satisfaction of its obligation to make the Closing Payment to the Toppan Account, cause VIA to remit, pursuant to the terms of the shareholder loan agreement between VIA optronics GmbH (“VIA”) and Buyer dated the date hereof, the sum equivalent to the Closing Payment to the Toppan Account on the Closing Date, at the direction of Buyer. Seller confirms, for the avoidance of doubt, that upon the Closing, as between the Parties, Buyer will be the sole and exclusive owner of the Transferred IP and that Buyer will not be entitled to the return of any portion of the IP Purchase Price received by Seller for the reason that the registration of the transfer of the Transferred IP to Buyer has not been completed.

 

Section 1.3.           Buyer shall pay to the Toppan Account the amount of JPY199,036,250 (exclusive of consumption tax) (the “IP Purchase Price Balance”), which is the difference between the IP Purchase Price and the payment to be made pursuant to Section 1.2, in accordance with the following schedule,

 

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CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Amount

 

Payment Due Date

JPY20,000,000

 

June 30, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

July 31, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

August 31, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

September 30, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

October 31, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

November 30, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

December 31, 2018

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

January 31, 2019

 

 

 

JPY20,000,000

 

February 28, 2019

 

 

 

JPY19,036,250

 

March 31, 2019

 

Interest of 6% per year, calculated on a daily basis from the date the payment was required to be paid to the date of actual payment payments, will be assessed to any late payment.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Buyer may, at its discretion and upon providing 10 days’ prior notice to Seller, prepay any outstanding IP Purchase Price Balance to Seller anytime, including before the above scheduled date(s). Further, in the event that VIA, which is a majority shareholder of Buyer, notifies Seller and Buyer in writing, that VIA wishes to repay such outstanding IP Purchase Price Balance on behalf of Buyer as a third-party payment (daisansha bensai), Buyer shall agree to such repayment and Seller shall accept such repayment by VIA without raising any objection thereto.

 

Section 1.4.           Buyer’s obligation to pay the IP Purchase Price Balance is secured by a security interest in all of Buyer’s equipment and machinery as of the Closing Date in favor of Seller. Promptly after the Closing Date, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith a security agreement covering Buyer’s equipment and machinery. The Parties shall exercise best efforts to agree on and sign the security agreement by April 30, 2018. As soon as practicable after execution of the security agreement, the Parties shall deliver all other documents and take all other actions, in each case, that are necessary to perfect the security interest described in the previous sentence, and Buyer shall pay all costs associated with perfection of the security interests. If Buyer wishes to obtain financing from a bank (including the financing to cover costs associated with recording the Transferred IP set forth in Section 1.6), and if it is necessary for Seller to release its security interest in Buyer’s equipment and machinery for Buyer to obtain such financing, Seller shall release its security interest, and if Buyer does not obtain the bank financing, the security interest will be reinstated. Seller acknowledges that if it enforces its security interests, Seller will be entitled to recover only the amount of the unpaid IP Purchase

 

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Price Balance at the time of such enforcement of Buyer’s assets that are enforced, the value of which will be determined in a commercially reasonable manner.

 

Section 1.5.           The sale and transfer of the Transferred IP to Buyer is conditioned on Buyer’s completion of the payment set forth in Section 1.2.

 

Section 1.6.           Buyer shall at its own cost and expense take all necessary steps to record the transfer of the Transferred IP with the Japan Patent Office and other relevant patent offices and perfect the transfer of the Transferred IP promptly after the Closing. Seller shall provide reasonable assistance to Buyer in this regard (which assistance will require Seller to review promptly and where appropriate, sign documents provided by Buyer to record the transfers, and to instruct its patent agents to cooperate with Buyer and Buyer’s patent agents to facilitate recordation of the transfers). For the avoidance of doubt, during the period from the Closing Date and until the completion of the registration of each such transfer, (i) Seller shall not use the Transferred IP to assert any infringement, misappropriation other similar claim against Buyer in respect of any activity whatsoever by Buyer, and (ii) if there is any response or payment that must be made with a governmental authority in April 2018 to maintain a Transferred Patent and if Buyer does not have standing to take that action but Seller does, Seller shall, if requested by Buyer or VIA, instruct its patent agent to take such action, on condition that (A) if the action is a payment, Buyer provides the amount of payment (including patent agent fees or other similar fees) to Seller before Seller or its patent agent makes the payment, and if Buyer is not able to provide the money in advance for lack of time, Buyer reimburses the payment amount (including patent agent fees or other similar fees) to Seller immediately after Seller or its patent agent has made the payment, and (B) Buyer acknowledges that Seller makes no representation or guarantee whatsoever about the result of actions taken by Seller pursuant to this provision.

 

Section 1.7.           After the Closing, Buyer shall be solely responsible for prosecuting any patent applications included in the Transferred IP. Seller shall provide reasonable assistance to Buyer with respect to ongoing patent applications in exchange for reasonable compensation payable by Buyer as agreed by the Parties.

 

Section 1.8.           Immediately after the respective scheduled payments are made by Buyer to Seller under Section 1.3 above, Seller shall take all necessary actions to eliminate any outstanding registrations with respect to the perfection (if any) with respect to its security interests over the assets of Buyer corresponding to such payments.

 

Section 1.9.           The lease rents and other payment obligations related to the leases such as service fees payable by Buyer under the Facility Lease Agreement (Shiga) and the Facility Lease Agreement (Satte) to be entered between Buyer and Seller after the date hereof shall not become due for the period from March 26, 2018 through March 2019 (the “First-Year Rent”). Buyer will pay the First-Year Rent equally in monthly installments for the subsequent four fiscal years, starting in April 2019, together with the regular rents that become due on a monthly basis as scheduled under such lease agreements. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, before April of each year of the Facility Lease Agreement terms, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether and to what extent Buyer is able to accelerate the repayment of the First-Year Rent without causing undue harm to its business operations and financial situation, and if the Parties conclude that Buyer is able to accelerate such repayment in light of those factors, Buyer will repay the

 

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First-Year Rent at the accelerated schedule agreed by the Parties. Interest of 4% per year, calculated on a daily basis, will be assessed on each installment of the First -Year Rent from the date such installment should have been paid had Buyer not postponed payment thereof until the date of actual payment. Other than service fees agreed by Buyer and Seller under the Facility Lease Agreements, the rent amount under the Facility Lease Agreements will not be increased by services fees.

 

ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; COVENANTS SECTION

 

Section 2.1.           Buyer’s Representations and Warranties.

 

(a)           Organization and Authority. Buyer has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to carry out its obligations hereunder, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Buyer, and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Seller) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer enforceable against Buyer in accordance with its terms, except to the extent enforcement may be affected by laws relating to bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency and creditors’ rights and by the availability of injunctive relief, specific performance and other equitable remedies.

 

(b)           No Conflicts; Consents. The execution, delivery and performance by Buyer of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or default under, any provision of the articles of association or other organizational documents of Buyer or (ii) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of any provision of any applicable law or governmental order applicable to Buyer. No consent, approval, Permit, Governmental Order, declaration or filing with, or notice to, any Governmental Authority is required by or with respect to Buyer in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 2.2.           No Representations and Warranties. Other than as set forth in Section 2.1, neither Party gives any representations or warranties whatsoever under this Agreement and each Party hereby disclaims any and all representations or warranties. The Parties’ sole and exclusive representations or warranties with respect to the Transferred IP are contained in the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 2.3.           Non-Assertion. After the date hereof, Buyer shall not use the Transferred IP to assert any infringement, misappropriation other similar claim against Seller or VIA in respect of any activity whatsoever by Seller and VIA (the “Non-Assertion Undertaking”); provided, however, if Seller ceases to be a shareholder of Buyer upon VIA’s exercise of its right under Section 3.02(a) of the Shareholders’ Agreement dated March 23, 2018 between VIA and Seller (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”), the Non-Assertion Undertaking will no longer apply with respect to Seller. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision will not be construed as a release of the non-compete obligation from Seller and VIA set forth in Section 6.01(a) of the Shareholders’ Agreement.

 

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Section 2.4.           Right of First Offer. If Buyer seeks to transfer any Transferred IP to a third Person, Buyer shall either (i) cause that third Person to agree to the non-assertion undertaking above or (ii) grant to Seller and VIA a right of first offer to purchase the Transferred IP pursuant to terms (including price) reasonably agreeable to Buyer, Seller, and VIA. If Seller or VIA fails to exercise its first refusal right above and does not purchase the Transferred IP within 60 days after the notice from Buyer for such possible sale, Buyer may transfer the Transferred IP to the contemplated third Person.

 

ARTICLE III
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 3.1.           Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 3.2.           Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 3.3.           Confidentiality. Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent. “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information. A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other. Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that (i) the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (x) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (y) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure, and (ii) disclose only the portion of the Confidential Information that it is legally required to disclose. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Party may disclose Confidential Information to its Affiliates and their officers or employees, on a need-to-know basis (i.e., only to the extent reasonably necessary to facilitate the transactions contemplated under this Agreement and/or the Framework Agreement), on condition that the Party making the disclosure cause its Affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply

 

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with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such Affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party.

 

Section 3.4.           Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 3.4):

 

if to Buyer:

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

 

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi-city,

 

Shiga, 527-0046, Japan

 

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com

 

Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wade

 

 

with a copy to (which will not

 

constitute notice):

VIA optronics GmbH

 

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

 

Facsimile:

 

E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com

 

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

 

 

Jones Day

 

Kamiyacho Prime Place

 

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

 

E-mail: mushiiima@ionesday.com

 

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

 

if to Seller:

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

 

Facsimile:

 

E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp,

 

kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp

 

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

 

with a copy to (which will not

 

constitute notice):

southgate (registered association)

 

Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl

 

2-4-11 Kudan-Minami

 

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Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074

 

E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com

 

Attention: Eric Marcks

 

Section 3.5.           Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 3.6.           Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 3.7.           Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the Framework Agreement constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

Section 3.8.           Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 3.9.           No Third-party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement, with the exception of VIA, which is an intended third-party beneficiary under Section 2.3 and Section 2.4.

 

Section 3.10.        Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

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Section 3.11.        Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)           This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)           The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 3.11(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)           If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 3.11(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 3.12.        Attorneys’ Fees. If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

Section 3.13.        Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Transferred IP Purchase Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 

[Signature Page to Transferred IP Purchase Agreement]

 


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Transferred IP Purchase Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Name:

Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Title:

Representative Director

 

[Signature Page to Transferred IP Purchase Agreement]

 


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

EXHIBIT A
TRANSFERRED IP

 

[***]

 

A-1



EX-10.12 12 filename12.htm

Exhibit 10.12

 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IP LICENSE AGREEMENT

 

This IP License Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 (the “Effective Date”) between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Licensor”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Licensee”).  Each of Licensor and Licensee is referred to as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Licensor, which owns 35% of Licensee’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of Licensee’s outstanding capital, are party to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to which Licensor has agreed to license to Licensor the Licensed IP.

 

B.                                    The Parties enter into this Agreement to implement the license of Licensed IP from Licensor to Licensee in accordance with the Framework Agreement.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1                                   The terms set forth below have the meanings specified or referred to below.

 

Affiliate:  Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.  The term “control” of a Person (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Person.

 

Business:  The business of developing, manufacturing, and marketing Products operated by Licensor in Japan immediately before the Closing Date.

 

Business Day:  Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan or Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Closing Date:  The Closing Date under the Framework Agreement.

 

Governmental Authority:  Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such

 

1


 

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organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

Intellectual Property:  Any of the following rights in any jurisdiction: (a) patents and patent applications, (b) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, and other proprietary indicia of goods and services, whether registered or unregistered, and the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by any of the foregoing, (c) original works of authorship in any medium of expression, whether or not published, all copyrights (whether registered or unregistered), all registrations and applications for registration of such copyrights all of the following and similar intangible property and related proprietary rights, and (d) confidential information, formulas, designs, devices, technology, know-how, research and development, inventions, methods, processes, compositions and other trade secrets, whether or not patentable.

 

Law:  Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Licensed IP:  The Intellectual Property listed in Schedule 1 and any know-how that is a nonpatentable improvement to Licensed Patents or Licensed Know-how that is made or developed by Licensor after the Closing Date and that Licensor determines to be necessary for the Business.

 

Licensed Know-how:  The know-how listed in Schedule 1.

 

Licensed Patents:  The patents and patent applications listed in Schedule 1, together with all patents that issue therefrom.

 

Losses:  Actual out-of-pocket losses, damages, liabilities, costs or expenses.

 

Payment Statement:  As defined in Section 4.3(b).

 

Person:  An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Products:  Copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors.

 

Quarterly Period:  Each three-month period starting on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1.

 

Representative:  With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Royalty:  As defined in Section 4.1.

 

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Sales Price:  The net amount of monies or cash equivalent or other consideration paid to Licensee for sales of Products, excluding VAT (value added tax) and consumption tax, as applicable.  For the purposes of calculating Sales Price, all calculations will be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Japan.

 

Term:  As defined in Section 9.3.

 

VIA:  As defined in the Recitals.

 

ARTICLE II
LICENSE GRANT

 

Section 2.1                                   License Grant.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Licensor hereby grants to Licensee, during the period starting on the Closing Date and ending when the Term ends, a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, worldwide license under the Licensed IP to manufacture, have manufactured, sell, offer to sell, import and export Products under the Licensed IP.

 

Section 2.2                                   Limited Grant.  Except for the rights and licenses granted by Licensor under Section 2.1, this Agreement does not grant to Licensee or any other Person any right, title, or interest, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise.  Without limitation of the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement will be construed as granting by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any right, title, or interest in, to, or under any Licensor patents other than the Licensed Patents regardless of whether such other patents are dominant or subordinate to any Licensed Patent.  All rights, titles, and interests not specifically and expressly granted by Licensor hereunder are hereby reserved.

 

ARTICLE III
COVENANTS

 

Section 3.1                                   Disclosure of Licensed Know-How.  Licensor shall, as promptly as practically possible after the Closing Date, prepare and disclose to Licensee a written manual that explains the Licensed Know-how necessary for the manufacture of Products.

 

Section 3.2                                   Improvements.  If Licensee makes any invention or improvement based on or related to the Licensed IP, Licensee shall promptly inform Licensor of that improvement, and unless agreed otherwise in writing, Licensee and Licensor will jointly own that improvement.  The Parties shall take all necessary actions to record and otherwise perfect the Parties’ joint ownership of that improvement.

 

Section 3.3                                   Patent Prosecution and Maintenance.

 

(a)                                 For each patent and patent application included as a Licensed Patent, Licensor shall be solely responsible for, and shall make all decisions concerning, the preparation, filing, prosecution and maintenance thereof (including whether to file, prepare, prosecute and maintain).  Licensor does not undertake to prosecute and/or maintain any patent and patent

 

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application included as a Licensed Patent and Licensor may decide to cease prosecution or maintaining any each patent and patent application included as a Licensed Patent in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

(b)                                 If Licensor transfers a Licensed Patent to a third Person, Licensor shall exercise commercially reasonable efforts to enable Licensee to obtain a license to the transferred Licensed Patent from the third-Person transferee pursuant to terms that are substantively the same as the license terms in this Agreement.  If Licensor decides to transfer or abandon a Licensed Patent, Licensor shall notify Licensee of the decision in writing at least thirty (30) days before any such transfer or any deadline for such prosecution or maintenance fees, as applicable, of such Licensed Patent, and if requested by Licensee within thirty (30) days after such Licensor’s written notice, Licensor shall, (i) in the case of a transferred Licensed Patent, exercise best efforts to sell or otherwise assign such transferred Licensed Patent to Licensee at commercially reasonable terms pursuant to good faith negotiations between the Parties, taking into account Licensor’s contractual obligations to sell or transfer such Licensed Patent to a third Person, and (ii) in the case of an abandoned Licensed Patent, sell or otherwise assign such abandoned Licensed Patent to Licensee at commercially reasonable terms pursuant to good faith negotiations between the Parties.

 

Section 3.4                                   Challenges to Licensed Patents.  If Licensee or an Affiliate institutes or actively participates as an adverse party in, or otherwise provides material support to, any action, suit, or other proceeding anywhere in the world to invalidate or limit the scope of any Licensed Patent claim or obtain a ruling that any Licensed Patent claim is unenforceable or not patentable, Licensor may immediately terminate this Agreement with notice to Licensee with no opportunity for Licensee to cure.

 

ARTICLE IV
ROYALTIES

 

Section 4.1                                   Royalties.  Licensee shall pay to Licensor a royalty of [***]% of the Sales Price of each Product sold by or for Licensee anywhere in the world during the Term pursuant to the license grant in Section 2.1 (“Royalty”).

 

Section 4.2                                   Taxes.  Royalties and other sums payable under this Agreement are exclusive of taxes.  Licensee shall be responsible for all sales, use, excise, and value added taxes, and any other similar taxes, duties, and charges of any kind imposed by any Governmental Authority on any amounts payable by Licensee hereunder, other than any taxes imposed on, or with respect to, Licensor’s income, revenues, gross receipts, personnel, or real or personal property, or other assets, and shall pay all Royalties and other sums payable hereunder free and clear of all deductions and withholdings whatsoever, unless the deduction or withholding is required by Law.  If any deduction or withholding is required by Law, Licensee shall pay to Licensor such sum as will, after the deduction or withholding has been made, leave Licensor with the same amount as it would have been entitled to receive without any such requirement to make a deduction or withholding.

 

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Section 4.3                                   Payment Terms and Royalty Statements.

 

(a)                                 Licensee shall pay all Royalties and any other sums payable under this Agreement for each Quarterly Period within 30 days after the end of that Quarterly Period.  Licensee shall make all payments in Japanese Yen by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account to be designated in writing by Licensor.

 

(b)                                 On or before the due date for all payments to Licensor pursuant to Section 4.1, Licensee shall submit to Licensor a statement (the “Payment Statement”) showing:

 

(i)                                     the total number of Products manufactured and sold by Licensee in the relevant Quarterly Period;

 

(ii)                                  the total Sales Price of all Products sold by Licensee in the relevant Quarterly Period;

 

(iii)                               the Quarterly Period for which the Royalties were calculated;

 

(iv)                              the method used to calculate the Royalties, including an identification of all deductions taken to calculate the Royalties;

 

(v)                                 the exchange rate used for calculating any Royalties; and

 

(vi)                              any other information that is necessary for an accurate accounting of the payments made pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(c)                                  Interest of 6% per year, calculated on a daily basis from the date the payment was required to be paid to the date of actual payment, will be assessed to any late payment.

 

ARTICLE V
RECORDS AND AUDIT

 

Section 5.1                                   Records.  For a period of five years from the Closing Date, Licensee shall keep complete and accurate records of its sales, uses, transfers, and other dispositions of Product necessary for the calculation of payments to be made to Licensor hereunder.

 

Section 5.2                                   Audit.  Licensor may, after receiving any Payment Statement from Licensee, itself or through an independent accountant selected by Licensor, examine and audit Licensee’s records during Licensee’s normal business hours to verify all payments made under this Agreement, provided that Licensor shall send prior written notice to Licensee at least two weeks before the date of the audit.  If Licensor’s or the auditor’s report shows that payments made by Licensee are deficient, Licensee shall pay Licensor the deficient amount plus interest on the deficient amount, as calculated pursuant to Section 4.1(c), within ten Business Days after Licensee’s receipt of the audit report.  Licensor shall pay for the cost of the audit, unless the

 

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audit reveals that payments made by Licensee are deficient by more than 5%, in which case Licensee shall pay for the cost of the audit.

 

ARTICLE VI
ENFORCEMENT OF LICENSED PATENTS AND LICENSED KNOW-HOW
AND THIRD-PARTY INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS

 

Section 6.1                                   Notice of Infringement or Third-Party Claims.  If (a) either Party believes that a Licensed Patent or Licensed Know-how is being infringed or misappropriated by a third Person or (b) if a third Person alleges that any Licensed Patent is invalid or unenforceable, or claims that a Product, or its use, development, manufacture, or sale, infringes that third Person’s intellectual property rights, the Party possessing that belief or awareness of those claims shall promptly provide written notice to the other Party and provide it with all details of that infringement or claim, as applicable, that are known by the notifying Party.

 

Section 6.2                                   Right to Bring Action.

 

(a)                                 Licensor has the sole right and discretion to prevent or abate any actual or threatened misappropriation or infringement by a third Person relating to the Licensed Patents and Licensed Know-how.  Licensor has the right to prosecute any such proceeding in Licensor’s own name.  If Licensor brings any such proceeding, upon Licensor’s request Licensee shall provide all reasonable cooperation and assistance required to prosecute such proceedings.

 

(b)                                 Licensor shall bear its own costs and expenses in all such proceedings and have the right to control the conduct thereof and be represented by counsel of its own choice therein.

 

Section 6.3                                   No Obligation to Sue.  Licensor has no obligation to bring any suit, action, or other proceeding against any alleged infringer of any Licensed Patent.

 

Section 6.4                                   Recovery and Settlement.  If Licensor undertakes the enforcement, (a) any recovery, damages, or settlement derived from that suit, action, or other proceeding will be retained in its entirety by Licensor and (b) Licensor may settle any such suit, action, or other proceeding, whether by consent order, settlement, or other voluntary final disposition, without the advance written approval of Licensee, to the extent such settlement does not harm Licensee’s any use of Licensed IP granted hereunder.

 

Section 6.5                                   Third Person Claims.  If any claim alleging invalidity of or infringement by any Licensed Patent itself is made against Licensee from any third Person, Licensor shall indemnify Licensee against any losses, damages and liabilities arising out of any such claim alleging invalidity of or infringement by any Licensed Patent itself made by that third Person against Licensee.  For the avoidance of doubt, the indemnification undertaking in this provision does not apply to any claim alleging infringement by a Product or any other good or product developed, manufactured, or marketed by Licensee.

 

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ARTICLE VII
CONFIDENTIALITY

 

Section 7.1                                   Confidentiality of Agreement.  Neither Party shall disclose any terms of this Agreement except to its Affiliates and Representatives who have a need to know the terms of this Agreement.

 

Section 7.2                                   Confidentiality Obligations; Confidentiality.  Each Party agrees not to disclose the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent.  “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party, and in the case of Licensor, includes the Licensed Know-how.  Confidential Information does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information.  The Party receiving Confidential Information shall (i) not use the other Party’s Confidential Information other than as strictly necessary to exercise its rights and perform its obligations under this Agreement and (ii) maintain the other Party’s Confidential Information in strict confidence and, subject to Section 7.3, not disclose the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent, except that the receiving Party may disclose the Confidential Information to its Affiliates or its and their Representatives who have a need to know the Confidential Information for purposes of the receiving Party’s performance, or exercise of its rights concerning the Confidential Information, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its Affiliates and its and their Representatives that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such Affiliate or Representative that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party.

 

Section 7.3                                   Mandatory Disclosure.  A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party (a) first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure, and (b) disclose only the portion of the Confidential Information that it is legally required to disclose.

 

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ARTICLE VIII
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

Section 8.1                                   Licensor’s Representations and Warranties.

 

(a)                                 Licensor represents and warrants to Licensee that (i) on the Closing Date, Licensor has the exclusive authority to grant the license contemplated hereunder and enforce the Licensed IP, and (ii) if Licensor grants to Licensee a license in patents after the Closing Date, Licensor will own legal title to such licensed patents on the date of such license grant.

 

(b)                                 Licensor represents and warrants that: as of the Closing Date, (i) Licensed IPs are owned exclusively by Toppan, (ii) are necessary for manufacture, sale, and use of the Products and (iii) Licensor has valid legal title to or contractual rights in the Licensed Patents, as specified in Schedule 1.

 

Section 8.2                                   Disclaimer of Licensor Representations and Warranties.  WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN SECTION 8.1, LICENSOR EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, CONCERNING THE VALIDITY, ENFORCEABILITY, AND SCOPE OF THE LICENSED PATENTS, THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, SAFETY, USEFULNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE, OR LIKELIHOOD OF SUCCESS OF THE PRODUCTS, LICENSED KNOW-HOW, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.

 

Section 8.3                                   EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND OTHER INDIRECT DAMAGES; LIMITATION ON DAMAGES.  TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW AND EXCEPT FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM LICENSOR’S INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT OR GROSS NEGLIGENCE, LICENSOR WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INJURY TO OR LOSS OF GOODWILL, REPUTATION, BUSINESS, PRODUCTION, REVENUES, PROFITS, ANTICIPATED PROFITS, CONTRACTS, OR OPPORTUNITIES (REGARDLESS OF HOW THESE ARE CLASSIFIED AS DAMAGES), OR FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR ENHANCED DAMAGES WHETHER ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, PRODUCT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING THE ENTRY INTO, PERFORMANCE, OR BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT), REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE OR LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE, AND NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ANY AGREED OR OTHER REMEDY OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE AMOUNT OF ROYALTIES RECEIVED BY LICENSOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

 

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ARTICLE IX
TERM AND TERMINATION

 

Section 9.1                                   Term.  This Agreement commences on the Effective Date and, unless terminated earlier in accordance with Section 9.3, will remain in force until the expiration of the last Licensed Patent to expire that would be infringed by the unlicensed manufacture, use, importation, export, offer for sale, or sale of a Product (the “Term”).  As used in this Section 9.1, “expiration” and “expire,” when referring to a Licensed Patent, mean any expiration, revocation, invalidation, or other termination of the Licensed Patent.

 

Section 9.2                                   Termination of or Amendments to the Agreement.  If Licensed Patents are transferred by Licensor or are determined to be invalid and such transfers or invalidity have a material effect on the Licensed Patents or Licensee’s ability to operate the Business, the Parties shall discuss in good faith the effect of the transfers or invalidity on the Licensed Patents and the appropriateness of a reduction in the Royalty.  If the Parties are not able to reach agreement despite good-faith discussions, Licensee may terminate this Agreement.  If Licensed Patents are transferred by Licensor or are determined to be invalid (but otherwise the effect of such transfer or invalidity is not material), both Parties shall discuss in good faith the appropriate amendment to the Agreement, including, not limited to, the reduction in the Royalty.

 

Section 9.3                                   Termination for Cause.  Each Party may terminate this Agreement immediately by giving written notice to the other Party if:

 

(a)                                 Licensee fails to pay any amounts due under this Agreement on the due date for payment and remains in default not less than 15 calendar days after Licensor’s written notice to make such payment, including payment interest in accordance with Section 4.3(c).

 

(b)                                 The other Party materially breaches this Agreement (other than a failure to pay any amounts due under this Agreement) and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 15 Business Days of the other Party’s written notice of such breach;

 

(c)                                  The other Party: (i) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (ii) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by Licensee are dishonored, (iii) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts); or (iv) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose; or

 

(d)                                 VIA, alone or in combination with its Affiliates, no longer has control (as defined in the definition of Affiliate) of Licensee.

 

Section 9.4                                   Effect of Termination.  Within 30 days after termination or expiration of this Agreement, Licensee shall: (a) submit a Payment Statement to Licensor, and any payments due Licensor will become immediately payable with submission of the final Payment Statement; (b) immediately cease all activities concerning, including all practice and use of, the Licensed Patents (if they have not expired) and Licensed Know-how.  Each Party shall, within five days after termination or expiration: (i) return to the other Party all documents and tangible materials (and any copies) containing, reflecting, incorporating, or based on Confidential Information; (ii) 

 

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permanently erase such Confidential Information from its computer systems; and (iii) certify in writing to the other Party that it has complied with the requirements of this Section 9.4.

 

Section 9.5                                   Survival.  The rights and obligations of the parties set forth in this Section 9.5 and in ARTICLE I (Definitions), Section 3.4 (Challenges to Licensed Patents), ARTICLE IV (Royalties), ARTICLE VII (Confidentiality), ARTICLE VIII (Representations and Warranties), Section 9.4 (Effect of Termination), and ARTICLE X (Miscellaneous), and any right, obligation, or required performance of the parties in this Agreement which, by its express terms or nature and context is intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive any such termination or expiration.

 

ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 10.1                            Independent Contractors.  The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors.  Nothing contained in this Agreement is to be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture, or other form of joint enterprise, employment, or fiduciary relationship between the Parties and neither Party has the authority to contract for or bind the other Party in any manner whatsoever.

 

Section 10.2                            Expenses.  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 10.3                            Further Assurances.  In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 10.4                            Notices.  All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.  Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 10.4):

 

If to Licensor:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

 

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E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp, kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp

 

 

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)

 

 

Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl

 

 

2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074

 

 

E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com

 

 

Attention: Eric Marcks

 

 

 

If to Licensee:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

 

 

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi

 

 

Shiga, 527-8566, Japan

 

 

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com

 

 

Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

 

 

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

 

 

Facsimile:

 

 

E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com

 

 

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

 

 

 

 

Jones Day

 

 

Kamiyacho Prime Place

 

 

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

 

 

E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com

 

 

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

Section 10.5                            Headings.  The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 10.6                            Severability.  If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction.  Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

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Section 10.7                            Entire Agreement.  This Agreement and the Framework Agreement constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

Section 10.8                            Successors and Assigns; Assignment.  This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.  Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party.  No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 10.9                            No Third-party Beneficiaries.  This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 10.10                     Amendment and Modification; Waiver.  This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party.  No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party.  No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver.  No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 10.11                     Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)                                 This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)                                 The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations.  If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 10.11(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers.  The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)                                  If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 10.11(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (the “Rules”) for final settlement.  The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in

 

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accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English.  The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction.  The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

Section 10.12                     Specific Performance.  The Parties agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Parties are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 10.13                     Attorneys’ Fees.  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

Section 10.14                     Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement.  A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this IP License Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

Tappan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this IP License Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Name:

Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Title:

Representative Director

 

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Schedule 1

 

Licensed IP

 

(i) Licensed Patents

 

[***]

 

(ii) Licensed Know-how

 

[***]

 

16



EX-10.13 13 filename13.htm

Exhibit 10.13

 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

SYSTEM USE AGREEMENT

 

This System Use Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Toppan”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Company”).  This Agreement is effective from March 26, 2018 (the “Effective Date”).  Each of Toppan and Company is referred to as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Toppan, which owns 35% of Company’s outstanding capital, and VIA Optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (“VIA”), which owns 65% of Company’s outstanding capital, are parties to a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”).

 

B.                                    VIA plans to provide a production management software system to the Company for the Business (the “Company System”).

 

C.                                    Toppan has a production management system software system that may be helpful in operating the Business, as described in Section A of Schedule 1 (the “System”).

 

D.                                    Toppan uses the System solely for its internal operations and is not in the business of providing the System to third Persons nor does it hold itself out as being a professional in the provision of the System.

 

E.                                     The Framework Agreement contemplates that Toppan will grant to the Company the right to use elements of the System that are necessary for the Company to operate the Business.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1                                   The terms set forth below have the meanings specified or referred to below.

 

Affiliate:  Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person.  The term “control” of a Person (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Person.

 

Business:  The business of developing, manufacturing, and marketing Products operated by Toppan in Japan immediately before the Closing Date.

 

1


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Business Day:  Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan and Frankfurt, Germany are authorized or required by Law to be closed for business.

 

Conversion Fees:  As defined in Section 4.2.

 

Covered System:  As defined in Section 2.1(c).

 

Documentation:  Toppan’s user manuals and handbooks relating to the Covered System.

 

Fees:  The Ongoing Fees, the Conversion Fees, and the Use Fees.

 

Force Majeure Event:  As defined in Section 8.4.

 

Governmental Authority:  Any national, prefectural, local or foreign government or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of such government or political subdivision, or any self-regulated organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority or quasi-governmental authority (to the extent that the rules, regulations or orders of such organization or authority have the force of Law), or any arbitrator, court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction.

 

ID and PW; ID or PW:  The user names/identifications and/or passwords provided by Toppan to Company to permit Company to access and use the Covered System.

 

Intellectual Property:  Any of the following rights in any jurisdiction: (a) patents and patent applications, (b) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, and other proprietary indicia of goods and services, whether registered or unregistered, and the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by any of the foregoing, (c) original works of authorship in any medium of expression, whether or not published, all copyrights (whether registered or unregistered), all registrations and applications for registration of such copyrights all of the following and similar intangible property and related proprietary rights, and (d) confidential information, formulas, designs, devices, technology, know-how, research and development, inventions, methods, processes, compositions and other trade secrets, whether or not patentable.

 

Law:  Any statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order, constitution, treaty, common law, judgment, decree, other requirement or rule of law of any Governmental Authority.

 

Losses:  Actual out-of-pocket losses, damages, liabilities, costs or expenses.

 

Ongoing Fees:  As defined in Section 4.1.

 

Payment Statement:  As defined in Section 4.5(b).

 

Person:  An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, Governmental Authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

2


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Products:  Copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors.

 

Representative:  With respect to any Person, any and all directors, officers, employees, consultants, financial advisors, counsel, accountants and other agents of such Person.

 

Sales Price:  The total gross amount of monies or cash equivalent or other consideration paid to Company for sales of Products, exclusive of consumption tax.  For the purposes of calculating Sales Price, all calculations will be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Japan.

 

Term:  As defined in Section 7.1.

 

Use Fees:  As defined in Section 4.3.

 

User:  As defined in Section 2.4(a).

 

ARTICLE II
RIGHT TO USE; TERMS OF SYSTEM USE; CUT OVER TO COMPANY SYSTEM

 

Section 2.1                                   Covered System.

 

(a)                                 As of the date hereof, the Covered System consists of the System functions described in Part B of Schedule 1.

 

(b)                                 If, after the date hereof, Company requires access to System functions not set forth in Part B of Schedule 1 in order to supplement the Company System and the Covered System to operate the Business effectively, the Company may inform Toppan of Company’s needs and the Parties shall discuss in good faith which additional functions of the System should be added to Part B of Schedule 1.

 

(c)                                  The System functions described in Part B of Schedule 1 and the System functions that are added to Part B of Schedule 1 after the date hereof pursuant to Section 2.1(b) are collectively referred to as the “Covered System.”

 

Section 2.2                                   Right to Use.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Toppan hereby grants to Company during the Term a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, worldwide right to access and use the Covered System solely to operate the Business and to use and make a reasonable number of copies of the Documentation solely in connection with Company’s permitted use of the Covered System.

 

Section 2.3                                   Limited Grant; Ownership.

 

(a)                                 Except for the right to use granted by Toppan under Section 2.1, this Agreement does not grant to Company or any other Person any right, title, or interest, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise.  Except for the limited rights expressly granted under this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement grants, by implication, waiver, estoppel, or otherwise, to

 

3


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Company or any other Person any Intellectual Property or other right, title, or interest in or to the Covered System.

 

(b)                                 All rights, titles, and interests not specifically and expressly granted by Toppan hereunder are hereby reserved.

 

(c)                                  Company acknowledges that, as between Company and Toppan, Toppan owns all right, title, and interest, including all Intellectual Property rights, in and to the Covered System and Documentation.

 

Section 2.4                                   User Names and Passwords.

 

(a)                                 Company shall submit to Toppan applications for each Company employee who will use the Covered System (a “User”) and Toppan shall provide to Company an ID and PW for each such User. The ID and PW will allow each such User to access and use the Covered System.

 

(b)                                 If Company wishes to make any changes to Users who have access to the Covered System, Company shall inform Toppan and, as appropriate, submit applications for new Users, and Toppan shall issue an ID and PW for each new User and take other necessary steps.

 

(c)                                  Company shall keep and manage the ID and PW with due care and maintain their confidentiality.

 

(d)                                 Any use of the Covered System by means of the ID and PW issued by Toppan to Company for a User will be deemed a use of the Covered System by Company and Toppan will not be liable for any Losses suffered by Company or a third Person arising from improper use of the ID and PW by such User.

 

(e)                                  If Company becomes aware of the theft or improper use of an ID or PW, Company shall inform Toppan immediately and follow Toppan’s instructions.

 

(f)                                   Toppan will not bear any responsibility for Losses suffered by Company arising from Company’s inability to use the Covered System resulting from Company’s or a User’s loss of an ID or PW.

 

(g)                                  If Company makes inquiries with Toppan regarding an ID or PW, Toppan will respond in accordance with its established procedures to confirm the relevant User’s identity.

 

(h)                                 Each ID and PW will become ineffective upon expiration or termination of this Agreement.

 

(i)                                     From time to time, Toppan may adopt various measures to improve the Covered System’s security, such as requiring Users to change their IDs or PWs and Company agrees to comply with those measures.  If Toppan adopts means of authentication other than the

 

4


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IDs and PWs, this Section 2.4 will apply to that means of authentication with appropriate conforming changes.

 

Section 2.5                                   Use Restrictions.  Company shall not use the Covered System or Documentation for any purposes beyond the scope of the grant of rights made in this Agreement.  Without limiting the foregoing and except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement or otherwise agreed by Toppan in writing, Company shall not at any time, directly or indirectly:

 

(a)                                 access or attempt to access the Covered System without permission;

 

(b)                                 disclose to any third Person any ID and PW or allow any Person not registered to use an ID and PW to use that ID and PW;

 

(c)                                  copy, modify, or create derivative works of the Covered System or the Documentation, in whole or in part, except that Company may make one copy of the Covered System and the Documentation as a back-up;

 

(d)                                 rent, lease, lend, sell, sublicense, assign, distribute, publish, transfer, grant a security in, or otherwise make available the Covered System or the Documentation to a third Person;

 

(e)                                  inform a third Person of the ID and PW or allow any third Person to use the Covered System;

 

(f)                                   reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, decode, adapt, or otherwise attempt to derive or gain access to the source code of the Covered System, in whole or in part;

 

(g)                                  remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices from the Covered System or the Documentation;

 

(h)                                 modify or delete any program or data in the Covered System;

 

(i)                                     take any action that may interfere with the Covered System’s operations;

 

(j)                                    use the Covered System to send harmful computer programs or send computer programs that are harmful to the Covered System;

 

(k)                                 use the Covered System in any manner or for any purpose that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any intellectual property right or other right of Toppan or any other Person, or that violates any applicable law;

 

(l)                                     Use the Toppan network for a use other than use of the Covered System and without permission from Toppan; or

 

(m)                             otherwise use the Covered System in an improper manner.

 

If Company commits any of the acts described in subsections (a) through (k), Toppan may, at its sole discretion, restrict, suspend or terminate Company’s access to the Covered

 

5


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

System, and if requested by Toppan, Company shall delete the Covered System (including any back-up copies) from its computers and servers.

 

Section 2.6                                   Cut Over to the Company System.  The Company shall exercise best efforts to develop the Company System to enable it to function without use of the Covered System upon expiration of the Term (the “Cut Over”).  The Company acknowledges that it may not be feasible to transfer all emails and email logs from the Covered System to the Company System at the time of the Cut Over; provided, however, Toppan and the Company shall discuss in good faith the transfer of emails and email logs from the Covered System to the Company System in connection with the Cut Over, and Toppan shall cooperate in a commercially reasonable manner with the Company for such transfer upon the Cut Over.

 

Section 2.7                                   Transfer of Covered System after Termination.  If Company wishes to continue to use any function in the Covered System after the end of the Term, Company shall notify Toppan in writing of its wish to do so at least 90 days before expiration of the Term and the Parties shall discuss Company’s request in good faith, including whether Company’s right to use those functions of the Covered System should continue or whether Toppan should sell those functions to Company, and the terms thereof.

 

ARTICLE III
SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE

 

Section 3.1                                   Support and Maintenance.  If Company requires support and maintenance services and makes a request therefor, Toppan will provide services to Company (which services may include explanations on operating the Covered System) and invoice Company separately.  If Company does not make a request therefor, Toppan will be under no obligation to maintain, upgrade, or repair the Covered System.  Support and maintenance services does not include the initial setup of the Covered Systems for Company.

 

Section 3.2                                   Temporary Shutdowns.  Toppan may shut down the Covered System temporarily by providing advance written notice or, in the case of any emergency, notice after the fact, upon the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(a)                                 when conducting maintenance or inspection of the Covered System and servers;

 

(b)                                 if there is a disruption to the Covered System;

 

(c)                                  if a Type 1 Telecommunications Carrier or another telecommunications carrier suspends service and the suspension negatively affects the Covered System’s operations;

 

(d)                                 if a Force Majeure Event occurs;

 

(e)                                  if Toppan determines that suspension of the Covered System is necessary for other operational or technical reasons.

 

6


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Toppan will bear no liability for Company’s inability to use the Covered System during a shutdown caused by any of the events described in this ARTICLE III.

 

ARTICLE IV
FEES

 

Section 4.1                                   Ongoing Fees.  For as long as Toppan is the sole provider of a production management software system for operation of the Business, Company shall pay to Toppan a fee of [***]% of the Sales Price of each Product sold by or for Company anywhere in the world during the Term (the “Ongoing Fees”).  If during the Term VIA provides Company a production management software system for operation of the Business that Company uses in place of or in addition to the Covered System, Tappan and Company shall, and they shall cause VIA to, discuss in good faith an equitable adjustment to the Ongoing Fees that reflects the contribution to Company made by the Covered System and by VIA’s production management software system.

 

Section 4.2                                   Conversion and Development Fees.  If Toppan is required to convert or otherwise adapt any System functions, based on request of Company, to make it possible for Company to use them as part of the Covered System or if Toppan is requested by Company to make material developments to the Covered System, Company shall pay fees for such conversion or development in an amount to be agreed in advance by Toppan and Company (the “Conversion Fees”).  Conversion Fees will apply only based on requests for conversion or development work requested by VTS.  Company will not be responsible for any Conversion Fees for conversion or development that Toppan performs for its benefit or based on Toppan’s internal decisions.

 

Section 4.3                                   Use Fees.  Toppan may assess fees for Company’s use of Toppan hardware and other assets in accessing the Covered Services (the “Use Fees”).

 

Section 4.4                                   Taxes.  Fees and other sums payable under this Agreement are exclusive of taxes.  Company shall be responsible for all sales, use, excise, and value added taxes, and any other similar taxes, duties, and charges of any kind imposed by any Governmental Authority on any amounts payable by Company hereunder, other than any taxes imposed on, or with respect to, Toppan’s income, revenues, gross receipts, personnel, or real or personal property, or other assets, and shall pay all Fees and other sums payable hereunder free and clear of all deductions and withholdings whatsoever, unless the deduction or withholding is required by Law.  If any deduction or withholding is required by Law, Company shall pay to Toppan such sum as will, after the deduction or withholding has been made, leave Toppan with the same amount as it would have been entitled to receive without any such requirement to make a deduction or withholding.

 

Section 4.5                                   Payment Terms and Fee Statements.

 

(a)                                 Company shall pay Conversion Fees within 30 days after receipt of any invoice therefor and all Ongoing Fees, Use Fees, and any other sums payable under this Agreement for each month within 60 days after the end of that month.  Company shall make all

 

7


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

payments in Japanese Yen by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account to be designated in writing by Toppan.

 

(b)                                 On or before the due date for all Ongoing Fees, Company shall submit to Toppan a statement (the “Payment Statement”) showing:

 

(i)                                     the total number of Products manufactured and sold by Company in the relevant month;

 

(ii)                                  the total Sales Price of all Products sold by Company in the relevant month;

 

(iii)                               the month for which the Ongoing Fees were calculated;

 

(iv)                              the method used to calculate the Ongoing Fees, including an identification of all deductions taken to calculate the Ongoing Fees;

 

(v)                                 the exchange rate used for calculating any Ongoing Fees; and

 

(vi)                              any other information that is necessary for an accurate accounting of the payments made pursuant to this Agreement.

 

(c)                                  Interest of 6% per year, calculated on a daily basis from the date the payment was required to be paid to the date of actual payment, will be assessed to any late payment.

 

ARTICLE V
RECORDS AND AUDIT

 

Section 5.1                                   Records.  For a period of five years from the Effective Date, Company shall keep complete and accurate records of its sales, uses, transfers, and other dispositions of Product necessary for the calculation of payments to be made to Toppan hereunder.

 

Section 5.2                                   Audit.  Toppan may at any time after receiving any Payment Statement from Company, itself or through an independent accountant selected by Toppan, examine and audit Company’s records during Company’s normal business hours to verify all payments made under this Agreement.  If Toppan’s or the auditor’s report shows that payments made by Company are deficient, Company shall pay Toppan the deficient amount plus interest on the deficient amount, as calculated pursuant to Section 4.5(c), within 10 calendar after Company’s receipt of the audit report.  Toppan shall pay for the cost of the audit, unless the audit reveals that payments made by Company are deficient by more than 5%, in which case Company shall pay for the cost of the audit.

 

8


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

ARTICLE VI
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

Section 6.1            Toppan’s Representations and Warranties.  Toppan represents and warrants to Company that:

 

(a)           the Covered System will perform in a manner that is substantially consistent with the manner with which it performed for the Business before the transfer of the Business to Company, which has been reasonably satisfactory for Toppan in terms of the operation of the Business; and

 

(b)           Toppan has the right to grant the rights set forth in Section 2.2.

 

Section 6.2            Disclaimer of Toppan Representations and Warranties.

 

(a)           WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN Section 6.1, TOPPAN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, CONCERNING THE COVERED SYSTEM OR ITS USEFULNESS FOR THE BUSINESS AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THE COVERED SYSTEM.

 

(b)           In addition to the disclaimer of representations and warranties set forth above, the Parties agree that:

 

(i)            Toppan will not assume any liability under this Agreement for any Losses suffered by Company to the extent they arise out of or result from use of the Covered System with equipment or software that has defects,

 

(ii)           Toppan will not take any specific measures to segregate data that is transmitted or stored through use of the Covered System and will not assume any liability under this Agreement for any Losses suffered by Company on account of leaks or disclosures of such data (other than leaks or disclosures by Toppan in violation of Section 8.1), and

 

(iii)          the Covered Systems will provide core functions only (for example, the email component of the Covered System will ensure the core function of sending and receiving emails only and Toppan will not assume any liability under this Agreement for any Losses suffered by Company arising out of or relating to non-core functions of the Covered Systems.

 

Section 6.3            EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND OTHER INDIRECT DAMAGES; LIMITATION ON DAMAGES.  TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW AND EXCEPT FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM TOPPAN’S INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT OR GROSS NEGLIGENCE, TOPPAN WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO COMPANY FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR ENHANCED DAMAGES WHETHER ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, PRODUCT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING THE ENTRY INTO,

 

9


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

PERFORMANCE, OR BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT).  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL TOPPAN BE LIABLE TO COMPANY FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE AMOUNT OF FEES RECEIVED BY TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.]

 

ARTICLE VII
TERM AND TERMINATION

 

Section 7.1            Term.  This Agreement commences on the Effective Date and continues until December 31, 2018, unless terminated earlier pursuant to Section 7.2 (the “Term”).  Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if the Cut Over has not been completed by December 31, 2018, the Term will be extended to January 14, 2019, if requested by Company.

 

Section 7.2            Early Termination.

 

(a)           Either Party may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately by giving written notice to the other Party if:

 

(i)            the other Party materially breaches this Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 15 Business Days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach; or

 

(ii)           the other Party: (1) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (2) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by Company are dishonored, (3) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts), that is not fully stayed within 30 Business Days or is not dismissed or vacated within 60 Business Days after filing; or (4) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

(b)           Toppan may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term immediately upon giving written notice to Company if VIA, alone or in combination with its Affiliates, no longer has control (as defined in the definition of Affiliate) of Company.

 

(c)           Company may terminate this Agreement before the expiration of the Term upon giving two weeks’ advance written notice to Toppan if the Cut Over is completed before the expiration of the Term.

 

Section 7.3            Effect of Termination.

 

(a)           Within 30 days after termination or expiration of this Agreement, Company shall: (a) submit a Payment Statement to Toppan, and any payments due Toppan will become immediately payable with submission of the final Payment Statement; (b) immediately cease all use of the Covered System; (c) (i) return to Toppan all Documents and documents and tangible materials (and any copies) containing, reflecting, incorporating, or based on Confidential Information; (ii) permanently erase such Confidential Information from its computer systems; and (iii) certify in writing to Toppan that it has complied with the

 

10


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

requirements of this Section 7.3; and (iv) delete the Covered System (including any back-up copies) from its computers and servers.

 

(b)           Immediately upon termination or expiration of this Agreement, Company’s access to the Covered System will be terminated.

 

Section 7.4            Survival.  The rights and obligations of the parties set forth in this Section 7.4 and in ARTICLE I (Definitions), ARTICLE IV (Fees), ARTICLE VI (Representations and Warranties), Section 7.3 (Effect of Termination), and ARTICLE VIII (Miscellaneous), and any right, obligation, or required performance of the parties in this Agreement which, by its express terms or nature and context is intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive any such termination or expiration.

 

ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 8.1            Confidentiality.  Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent.  “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information; provided, however, each Party may disclose such Confidential Information to its Affiliates, in each case on a need-to-know basis for the purpose of facilitating the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its Affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such Affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party.  A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure.

 

Section 8.2            Independent Contractors.  The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors.  Nothing contained in this Agreement is to be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture, or other form of joint enterprise, employment, or fiduciary

 

11


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

relationship between the Parties and neither Party has the authority to contract for or bind the other Party in any manner whatsoever.

 

Section 8.3            Expenses.  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 8.4            Force Majeure.  Toppan will not be liable or responsible to Company, nor be deemed to have defaulted under or breached this Agreement, for any failure or delay in fulfilling or performing any term of this Agreement, if the failure or delay is caused by or results from acts beyond Toppan’s control, including: (a) acts of nature; (b) flood, fire, earthquake or explosion; (c) war, invasion, hostilities (whether war is declared or not), terrorist threats or acts, riot or other civil unrest; (d) requirements of law; (e) actions, embargoes or blockades in effect on or after the date of this Agreement; (f) action by any governmental authority (whether or not having the effect of law); (g) national or regional emergency; (h) strikes, labor stoppages or slowdowns or other industrial disturbances; (i) shortages of or delays in receiving raw materials; or (j) shortage of adequate power or transportation facilities (each such event, a “Force Majeure Event”).  Seller’s obligation to perform will be suspended during any Force Majeure Event that prevents performance of that obligation.

 

Section 8.5            Further Assurances.  In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 8.6            Notices.  All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by e-mail of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.  Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 8.6):

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

 

 

 

 

 

E-mail: teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp,

kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp

 

 

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

12


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

southgate (registered association)

 

 

Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl

 

 

2-4-11 Kudan-Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074

 

 

E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com

 

 

Attention: Eric Marcks

 

 

 

If to Company:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

 

 

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi
Shiga, 527-8566, Japan

 

 

 

 

 

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

 

 

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

 

 

Facsimile:

 

 

E-mail: kbickelbacher@via-optronics.com

 

 

Attention: Kathrin Bickelbacher

 

 

 

 

 

Jones Day

 

 

Kamiyacho Prime Place

 

 

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

 

 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

 

 

E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com

 

 

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

Section 8.7            Headings.  The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

Section 8.8            Severability.  If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable that term or provision in any other jurisdiction.  Upon determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the Parties’ original intent as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.

 

Section 8.9            Entire Agreement.  This Agreement and the Framework Agreement constitute the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

13


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Section 8.10         Successors and Assigns; Assignment.  This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.  Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party.  No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

Section 8.11         No Third-party Beneficiaries.  This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

Section 8.12         Amendment and Modification; Waiver.  This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party.  No waiver by either Party of any of the provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party.  No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver.  No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof; nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

Section 8.13         Governing Law; Dispute Resolution.

 

(a)           This Agreement is governed by and to be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

(b)           The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) through good-faith negotiations.  If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 8.13(b), the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers.  The senior officers will have full authority to settle the Dispute.

 

(c)           If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under Section 8.13(b), the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement.  The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English.  The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction.  The Parties consent to consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under the Framework Agreement.

 

14


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Section 8.14         Specific Performance.  The Parties agree that irreparable damage will occur if any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its terms and that the Parties are entitled to specific performance of its terms, in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.

 

Section 8.15         Attorneys’ Fees.  If any action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of the Agreement, the prevailing Party will be entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and necessary disbursements in addition to any other relief to which that Party may be entitled.

 

15


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Section 8.16         Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement.  A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

16


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this System Use Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 

17


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this System Use Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-Touchsensor, Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Name:

Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

 

Title:

Representative Director

 

18


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Schedule 1

 

System

 

A.            The System consists of the following functions:

 

·                  Sales

·                  Production

·                  Manufacturing

·                  Sales support

·                  Accounting

·                  Procurement

·                  Cost calculation

·                  Expense payment BIT

·                  Personnel-salary payment

·                  Employee management

·                  Electronic approval

·                  E-mail

·                  Communication tools, calendar, conference meeting, etc.

·                  Common file server

·                  Common bulletin board

·                  PC management tools

·                  Others

 

B.            The Covered System consists of the following functions on the date hereof:

 

·                  Sales System: BIT

·                  Production System: BIT

·                  Manufacturing System: i-Navi

·                  E-mail system: Gmail

·                  Communication Tools (Calendar, Meeting system): Google Apps

·                  Common File Server System: All Toppan File Server

·                  Others, PC management tools: Mcore, Virus solution

·                  Network: Network

·                  Expense Payment System: BIT Expense payment

·                  Employees Management System

 

19



EX-10.14 14 filename14.htm

Exhibit 10.14

 

R&D AND CONSIGNMENT AGREEMENT

 

This R&D and Consignment Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, between Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (Toppan”), and VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd. (formerly known as Toppan Touch Panel Products, Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of Japan (the “Company”). This Agreement is effective from and after March 29, 2018 (the “Effective Date”). Each of Toppan and the Company is referred to as a “Party”, and together, as the “Parties”.

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Toppan operates a business in Japan that develops, manufactures and markets copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors and the Company wishes to operate a business that develops, manufactures and markets copper touch panel sensors used primarily but not only in touch panel modules and copper PET film used primarily but not only in touch panel sensors (the “Business”).

 

B.                                    Toppan and VIA optronics GmbH, a company organized under the laws of Germany (VIA”), entered into a Framework Agreement dated November 30, 2017 (the “Framework Agreement”) pursuant to which (i) Toppan will transfer certain assets to the Company, and (ii) VIA will own 65% of the Company and Toppan will own 35% of the Company.

 

C.                                    In accordance with Section 2.07(c) of the Framework Agreement, the Company desires to procure, and Toppan desires to provide, certain research and development services to support the Business.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1.                                      Term.

 

(a)                                 The term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall begin on the Effective Date and shall continue for an initial term of 36 months and additional terms agreed by the Parties, unless terminated earlier (i) in writing by the Company on the 30th day after the Company delivers a notice of termination to Toppan in writing or (ii) pursuant to Section 1(b), Section 1(c), or Section 1(d).

 

(b)                                 Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party if the other Party: (1) becomes insolvent or its liabilities exceeds its assets; (2) suspends payments or any drafts or checks drawn, issued, or undertaken by the other Party are dishonored, (3) becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any bankruptcy, civil rehabilitation, corporate reorganization, or other legal procedure for debt restructuring or work-out (out-of-court procedure for its debts); or (4) is dissolved or liquidated or takes any corporate action for such purpose.

 

(c)                                  Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the other Party (i) if the other Party fails to make a payment due under this Agreement and fails to cure the payment breach within 15 days after the first

 


 

Party’s written notice of the payment breach, (ii) if the other Party otherwise materially breaches this Agreement and, if such breach is curable, fails to cure such breach within 30 days after the first Party’s written notice of such breach.

 

(d)                                 Either Party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon giving written notice to the Company if (i) VIA, alone or in combination with its affiliates, no longer has a majority stake in the Company or the right to appoint a majority of the Company’s board members, or (ii) Toppan no longer holds any shares in the Company.

 

2.                                      Services. Toppan shall perform the research and development services agreed by the Parties from time to time (the “Services”) and the Parties shall agree on a milestone plan and corresponding statement of work for this Agreement by April 30, 2018 (and for the services provided in the month of April 2018, Toppan shall confer and align in advance with the management of the Company). The initial plan of such Services and the scheduled timeline corresponding to respective Services are set forth in Exhibit A hereto. Each calendar quarter, the Parties will further discuss research and development services that the Company wishes to receive, and if Toppan agrees to provide those services, the terms upon which Toppan will provide those services. Toppan will use reasonable and good care, skill and diligence to perform the Services. In evaluating this standard for delivering the Services, the fact that Toppan is not, and does not hold itself out as being, engaged in the business of providing services such as the Services will be considered. The Company shall furnish Toppan with such information and other reasonable assistance as is necessary to enable Toppan to perform the Services. For the avoidance of doubt, the provision of the Services shall be under the supervision and the control of Toppan, the Company shall not exercise its control over the staff members assigned by Toppan for the Services under Section 4 below.

 

3.                                      Reports. Toppan shall keep the Company informed of the progress of each Service. Following the completion of a Service, Toppan shall, if requested by the Company, provide the Company with a written final report, in such detail as the Company may reasonably request.

 

4.                                      Staffing. In the provision of each Service, Toppan will allocate approximately eleven staff and Toppan shall choose such staff with appropriate qualifications to perform the Services. The names such initial eleven staff members and their titles are described in the Exhibit B hereto. If such eleven staff members do not have the capacity to perform the Services, the Parties shall discuss in good faith how to address the lack in capacity, including by adjusting the schedule for provision of the Services. In the event that any of such eleven staff members is replaced by a new staff assigned by Toppan upon good faith consultation with the Company, the Exhibit B shall be revised accordingly. Further, depending on the nature of the respective Services to be assigned by the Company, Toppan may increase or decrease the number of such staff if Toppan believes such adjustment is necessary to adequately provide such respective Services. In that case Toppan shall duly inform the Company in advance and provide appropriate explanations to the Company regarding the necessity of such adjustment. For the avoidance of doubt, the supervision of such staff in providing the Services shall be the responsibility of Toppan and made solely by Toppan, and the Company shall not be involved or interfere with the work-force administration (romu kann) of such staff by Toppan.

 

2


 

5.                                      Fees.

 

(a)                                 The Company shall pay the fees in consideration for the Services (the “Fees”) provided by Toppan on a monthly basis (or per any fraction of month to be calculated on a daily basis, if the relevant month is not the whole month), in the amount of JPY 8,550,000 per month (exclusive of applicable consumption tax) for the Services rendered for the period from March 29, 2018 to March 31, 2019. The Parties hereby acknowledge that the amount of the Fees for the above period was calculated and the amount of the Fees after the above period shall be calculated, based on the following formula:

 

The monthly amount of the Fees shall be equal to the sum of the figures of (i) and (ii) below;

 

(i)                                     the aggregate amount of monthly salaries of eleven staff (subject to the adjustment in (b) below) (Monthly Staff Cost”), multiplied by 2%, to cover general administrative costs of Toppan in connection with the Services; and

 

(ii)                                  Monthly Staff Cost multiplied by Mark-Up Percentage. “Mark-Up Percentage” shall mean, 108% for the period from March 29, 2018 to March 31, 2020, and 107% thereafter.

 

Accordingly, the monthly amount of the Fees for the period from March 29, 2018 to March 31, 2020 shall be calculated as 110% of the Monthly Staff Cost, and thereafter as 109% of the Monthly Staff Cost.

 

(b)                                 In the event that the number of staffs assigned for the Services is changed pursuant to Section 4 hereof, the amount of the Monthly Staff Cost shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect such change. Further, the Parties shall annually review the amount of the Monthly Staff Cost in a meeting to be held in May or any other time as agreed by the Parties, and such change agreed in such meeting shall be reflected to the Monthly Staff Cost retrospectively effective as of April 1 of the relevant year, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties. The first annual review meeting shall be held in May, 2019.

 

(c)                                  Notwithstanding Paragraph (a) and (b) above, in the event that, if any invention or discovery made during the course of any of the Service(s) is determined as “Toppan IP” as defined in Section 8(b)(ii) below, the Parties shall discuss in good faith regarding the amount of the reimbursement of Fees or the payment of appropriate compensation by Toppan, corresponding to the ownership of Toppan in Toppan IP or Shared IP, as appropriate. For this purpose, the Parties shall hold a meeting at least once a year to review the status of relevant invention or discovery, including the application of patents therefor.

 

6.                                      Invoicing. Toppan will invoice the Company monthly for Services rendered and Materials consumed through the end of each month, and prepare the invoice pursuant to Paragraph 5 (a) and (b) above, by the 5th business day after the end of such month. Each invoice shall include sufficient detail to support the charges set forth therein. The Company shall review

 

3


 

such invoice, and approve or otherwise notify Toppan of its request for revision or further supporting information, within 10 business days of the receipt of such invoice. All invoices will be in Japanese Yen. The Company will pay the invoiced amounts within 60 days of the first date of the month of which the invoice is delivered, subject to the review process above. Payments shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designate by Toppan to the Company in writing.

 

7.                                      Books and Records. Toppan shall maintain accurate and complete books of account, documents and records relating to the provision of the Services for a period of 5 years from the creation of those books, documents, and records. During the Term, Toppan agrees to provide the Company reasonable access to Toppan’s books and records that it is obligated to maintain pursuant to the previous sentence as necessary to monitor the Services and invoicing therefor.

 

8.                                      Ownership of Intellectual Property.

 

(a)                                 All technical information provided by either Party in the course of the Services shall remain the exclusive property of said Party.

 

(b)                                 All inventions or discoveries conceived, reduced to practice, discovered or made by Toppan in the course of the Services, whether or not patentable (the “Inventions”), that are based on the Licensed IP and (i) that are useful for the Business at the time of conception (the “Shared IF”) shall be jointly owned by the Parties and (ii) that are not useful for the Business at the time of conception (the “Toppan IP”) shall be the exclusive property of Toppan. Toppan shall not use the Toppan IP to assert any infringement, misappropriation, or other similar claims against the Company in respect of any activity whatsoever by the Company (the “Toppan Non-Assertion Undertaking”). The Toppan Non-Assertion Undertaking survives any expiration or termination of this Agreement; provided, however, if Toppan ceases to be a shareholder of the Company, the Toppan Non-Assertion Undertaking will no longer apply with respect to the Company and Toppan shall, if requested by the Company, grant to the Company a non-exclusive license in Toppan IP pursuant to terms to be agreed by the Parties in good faith. “Licensed IP” has the meaning set forth in the IP License Agreement between Toppan and the Company dated the date of this Agreement.

 

(c)                                  All Inventions that are based on the Transferred IP (the “Company IP”), shall be the exclusive property of the Company. The Company shall not use the Company IP to assert any infringement, misappropriation, or other similar claims against Toppan or VIA in respect of any activity whatsoever by Toppan or VIA, as applicable (the “Company Non-Assertion Undertaking”). The Company Non-Assertion Undertaking survives any expiration or termination of this Agreement; provided, however, if Toppan ceases to be a shareholder of the Company, the Company Non-Assertion Undertaking will no longer apply with respect to Toppan and the Company shall, if requested by Toppan, grant to Toppan a non-exclusive license in Company IP pursuant to terms to be agreed by the Parties in good faith. “Transferred IP” has the meaning set forth in the Transferred IP

 

4


 

Purchase Agreement between Toppan and the Company dated the date of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision will not be construed as a release of the non-compete obligation from Toppan and VIA set forth in Section 6.01(a) of the Shareholder’s Agreement.

 

(d)                                 Upon the conception of an Invention, the Parties shall discuss in good faith whether the Invention should be treated as Shared IP, Toppan IP, or Company IP.

 

9.                                      Confidentiality. Each Party agrees not to disclose the contents of this Agreement or the other Party’s Confidential Information without the other Party’s advance written consent. “Confidential Information” of a Party means all non-public or sensitive or proprietary information about or of that Party but does not include information (a) that has become publicly known through no breach by either Party of its confidentiality obligations hereunder, (b) that is independently and lawfully developed or obtained by a Party without access to the other Party’s Confidential Information, (c) is or becomes available to a Party on a non-confidential basis from a third Person, on condition that that third Person is not and was not prohibited from disclosing that information, or (d) that was known by or in the possession of a Party before the disclosure of that information to that Party pursuant to this Agreement, on condition that, in the case of each of (a) through (d), the Party seeking to disclose such information has the burden of demonstrating that it is not Confidential Information: provided, however, each Party may disclose such Confidential Information to its affiliates, in each case on a need-to-know basis for the purpose of facilitating the performance of this Agreement, on condition that the Party making such disclosure cause its affiliates that have received any Confidential Information of the other Party to comply with this provision and that the disclosing Party be responsible for any act by such affiliates that would constitute a breach of this provision had the act been undertaken by the disclosing Party. A Party may disclose Confidential Information of the other Party if required pursuant to applicable law, regulation or a valid order issued by a court or governmental agency of competent jurisdiction, on condition that the Party first make commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Party (i) prompt written notice of such requirement so that the other Party may seek, at its sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy, and (ii) reasonable assistance, at the other Party’s sole cost and expense, in opposing such disclosure or seeking a protective order or other limitations on disclosure.

 

10.                               Relationship of the Parties. In performing the Services, it is understood and agreed that Toppan will be deemed to be an independent contractor of the Company.

 

11.                               Indemnification.

 

(a)                                 Toppan shall indemnify the Company from and against any loss, liability, damage or expense suffered or incurred as a result of Toppan’s gross negligence or willful misconduct in performing the Services, in accordance with general principles of applicable contract laws in Japan.

 

(b)                                 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE FOURTH SENTENCE IN SECTION 2, TOPPAN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE SERVICES (INCLUDING THE RESULTS OF THE SERVICES); WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW.

 

5


 

(c)                                  IN NO EVENT WILL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR ENHANCED DAMAGES UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE AMOUNT OF FEES FOR SERVICES PROVIDED BY TOPPAN UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AT THE TIME OF THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EVENT CAUSING THE DAMAGES.

 

12.                               Communication. All written or oral communication between the Parties related to this Agreement and that involve the participation of a Company officer, director, or employee who does not speak Japanese shall be in the English language. Other communications in connection with this Agreement between Japanese-speaking Toppan personnel and Japanese-speaking Company personnel may be in Japanese if it is efficient to do so and as long as any information exchanged in such communications that is material to the Company’s operations or that should, by its nature, be conveyed to the Company board of directors, is subsequently recorded or conveyed to the Company board in English. All costs and expenses related to any translation or interpretation services required by either Party shall be borne by the Party requiring such translation or interpretation services.

 

13.                               Notices. All notices under this Agreement that are required to be in writing shall be given in writing upon receipt by either registered mail, return receipt requested, by recognized overnight courier, by email, or by such other means as the Parties mutually agree, as follows:

 

If to Toppan:

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

Toppan Shibaura Bldg.

3-19-26 Shibaura

Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539

Email:            teruo.ninomiya@toppan.co.jp

kentaro.kitaoka@toppan.co.jp

Attention: Teruo Ninomiya and Kentaro Kitaoka

 

If to the Company:

 

VTS-Touchsensor Products, Co., Ltd.

1101-20, Myohoji-cho, Higashiomi

Shiga, 527-0046, Japan

Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com

Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wöerle

 

With a copy (which will not constitute notice):

 

VIA optronics GmbH

Sieboldstr. 18, 90411 Nurnberg

E-mail: CAlbert@via-optronics.com

Attention: Christina Albert

 

6


 

Jones Day

Kamiyacho Prime Place

1-17, Toranomon 4-chome

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN

E-mail: mushijimaionesday.com

Attention: Makiko Ushijima

 

14.                               Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect its interpretation.

 

15.                               Entire Agreement. This Agreement, and all related Schedules hereto, constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to this subject matter.

 

16.                               Successors and Assigns; Assignment. This Agreement is binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither Party shall assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the advance written consent of the other Party, which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by either Party. No assignment will relieve the assigning Party of any of its obligations hereunder.

 

17.                               No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties (and their respective successors and assigns) and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or will confer upon any other Person, any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

18.                               Amendment and Modification; Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by an agreement in writing signed by each Party. No waiver by either Party of any other provisions hereof will be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by that Party. No waiver by either Party will be, or will be construed as, a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by that written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement will be, or will be construed as, a waiver thereof, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

 

19.                               Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.

 

20.                               Dispute Resolution. The Parties shall endeavor to resolve any dispute, controversy or difference arising out of, in connection with, or related to this Agreement (a “Dispute”) though good-faith negotiations. If a Dispute is not settled within 20 days after receipt by a Party of a written request for negotiation under this Section 21, the Dispute will be referred for consideration by the Parties’ senior officers. The senior officers will have full authority to

 

7


 

settle the Dispute. If the senior officers are unable to resolve the Dispute within 20 days after the receipt by a Party of a written request for consideration of the Dispute by senior officers under this Section 21, the Parties shall submit the Dispute to arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association for final settlement. The Parties shall appoint three arbitrators in accordance with the rules and shall conduct the arbitration in English. The decision by the arbitration tribunal will be final and binding on the Parties and may be approved of or entered in (or otherwise be granted enforceability through necessary procedures by) any court having jurisdiction. The Parties consent to the consolidation by the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association of arbitral proceedings initiated under this Agreement with arbitration proceedings initiated under any one or more of the Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Framework Agreement) (notwithstanding the fact that those agreements may be governed by different laws).

 

21.                               Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, email or other means of electronic transmission will be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of any original signed copy of this Agreement.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

8


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this R&D and Consignment Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Teruo Ninomiya

 

Name:

Teruo Ninomiya

 

Title:

Senior General Manager

 


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this R&D and Consignment Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

VTS-TOUCHSENSOR, CO., LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Name:

Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Title:

Representative Director

 



EX-10.15 15 filename15.htm

Exhibit 10.15

 

EXECUTION COPY

 

DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

 

This Distribution Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into on March 29, 2018 between VTS-Touchsensor Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Seller”), and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Japan (“Distributor”). Each of Seller and Distributor is referred to as a “Party.” This Agreement is effective March 29, 2018 (the “Effective Date”).

 

RECITALS

 

A.                                    Seller manufactures copper touch panel sensors used in touch panel modules and copper PET film used in touch panel sensors (“Products”) and wishes to sell Products to Distributor and to appoint Distributor as distributor for the Products in the Territory.

 

B.                                    Distributor wishes to purchase Products from the Seller and to serve as distributor for the Products in the Territory.

 

The Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.1                                   The terms set forth below have the meanings specified or referred to below.

 

Affiliate: Of a Person means any other Person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. The term “control” of a Person (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Person.

 

Business Day: Any day except Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks located in Tokyo, Japan are authorized or required by law to be closed for business.

 

Indemnified Party: As defined in Section 6.2.

 

Losses: As defined in Section 6.2.

 

Person: An individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, governmental authority, unincorporated organization, trust, association or other entity.

 

Term: As defined in Section 7.1.

 

Territory: Worldwide.

 


 

ARTICLE II.
APPOINTMENT

 

MISSING PAGES IN PDF

 

Section 2.1                                   Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all costs and expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will be paid by the Party incurring such costs and expenses.

 

Section 2.2                                   Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Party shall, at the request of the other Party, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 2.3                                   Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) on the date sent by email of a PDF document, if sent during the recipient’s normal business hours, and on the next Business Day, if sent after the recipient’s normal business hours, on condition that the communication sent by e-mail is also sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (c) if sent internationally, on the fifth day, and if sent within Japan, on the second day, after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party of which that Party notifies the other Party in accordance with this Section 8.6):

 

If to Distributor:

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
Toppan Shibaura Bldg., 3-19-26 Shibaura,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8539
E-mail: makoto.ishikawa@toppan.co.jp
Attention: Makoto Ishikawa

 

 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

southgate (registered association)
Pacific Square Kudan-Minami, 7th Fl
2-4-11 Kudan-Minami
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074
E-mail: emarcks@southgate-law.com
Attention: Eric Marcks

 

 

If to Seller:

VTS-Touchsensor, Co., Ltd.
1101-20, Myohojicho, Higashiomi
Shiga, 527-0046, Japan
Email: JWoerle@via-optronics.com
Attention: Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

2


 

With a copy to (which will not constitute notice):

Jones Day
Kamiyacho Prime Place
1-17, Toranomon 4-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, JAPAN
E-mail: mushijima@jonesday.com

 

3


 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties execute this Agreement on the date stated in the introductory clause.

 

 

Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Shigeru Kosami

 

Name:

Shigeru Kosami

 

Title:

Executive Director

 

 

 

VTS-Touchsensor. Co., Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Name:

Dr. Jasmin Wörle

 

Title:

Representative Director

 

4



EX-10.16 16 filename16.htm

Exhibit 10.16

 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

Project Contract

 

By and between

 

Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH
Am Rundfunkplatz 2
D-80335 Munich

 

And

 

VIA optronics GmbH
Sieboldstrasse 18
D-90411 Nuremberg

 

Hereinafter referred to as the “Client

 


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

1.                                                        Prewords

 

VIA optronics GmbH (“VIA optronics”), registered under the HRB [Trade Register] No. 22650, was founded in 2005 by Mr. Juergen Eichner and became over the years a globally active specialist in the area of display enhancement and interactive display solutions. The production sites in Germany; Japan and China are constructed for medium- and large-series production and are equipped with state-of-the-art cleanroom technology. VIA optronics owns two subsidiaries, VIA optronics LLC (USA) and VIA optronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. (CHN) as well as a sales office in Taiwan and a Joint Venture in Japan (VTS Ltd.) (together “Via optronics Group”). The managing directors of VIA optronics are Mr. Juergen Eichner and Mr. Daniel Jürgens.

 

The shares of VIA optronics are held by the shareholders IMI Group (76%) and Juergen Eichner (24%).

 

After a significant growth in revenue within the last years from €34 mn. in 2015 to over €131 mn in 2017, the Client seeks to further foster his global business growth and therefore needs to raise additional financial capacities for R&D, add-on acquisitions, manufacturing capacities which in total will accumulate investments of up to €50-70 mn.

 

In order to finance those investments the Client considers an IPO under the Jobs Act in the United States at either NYSE or NASDAQ. Other important reasons for an IPO are being peer to its customers (most of them are stock listed), the establishment of additional financial instruments for the future (such as follow-on, bonds and others), models to incentive employees and management and last but not least to open the opportunity for its shareholders to regain their investments.

 

The Client asked Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH (KCF) to coordinate and manage the complex overall IPO process (“the Project”).

 

2.                                                        Assignment

 

2.1                                                 The Client engages KCF with:

 

·                                          the search and identification of suitable international Investment Banks, Research Analysts, IPO related service companies such as auditors, lawyers, ADR-Banks, VDR-Providers, IR-Firms, support with the stock exchange, tax advisors and others;

 

·                                          international communication and management of the entire IPO-process with all involved parties which will last of about 6-9 months; this will also include so called test-the-water meetings and roadshows with potential investors;

 

·                                          management and coordination in close alignment with the Client and the selected Investment Banks in their role as book runners which includes the drafting sessions, the S1-filing and alignments with the SEC and SE.

 

2.2                                                 The contractual parties already agreed that the success of the project decisively depends on the active collaboration between the Client and KCF and presumes an intensive cooperation. The Client therefore will conduct any and all activities that are geared to the conclusion of the IPO-process together with KCF and instructs KCF about all possible interested parties or other activities that are relevant for the process.

 

3.                                                        Range of Activities

 

For the execution of the Project, KCF will perform the following activities:

 

2


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

IPO-Sub-Phase 1:

 

3.1                                                 Project planning, analysis and preparation of the IPO evaluation and preparation process (incl. organization meeting)

 

3.2                                                 Search for and identification of suitable international Investment Banks, and Research Analysts, IPO related service companies such as auditors, lawyers, ADR-Banks, VDR-Providers, IR-Firms, support with the stock exchange, tax advisors and others

 

3.3                                                 Prepare in close collaboration with VIA optronics management the overall documentation and presentations for external and internal use (e.g.. pitch books for beauty contest with Investment Banks, analysis and comparison of different IPO-Provider; board presentations, etc.)

 

IPO-Sub-Phase 2:

 

3.4                                                 Entire coordination of the syndicate structure

 

3.5                                                 Support the entire S1-Filing process

 

3.6                                                 Set-up of the Virtual Data Room (VDR) and management of the Due Diligence-process (DD)

 

3.7                                                 Support and overall coordination of SEC/ Stock Exchange/ Management/ Research Analyst’s meetings

 

3.8                                                 Support presentation and meetings with potential investors (Test-The-Water-meetings and Roadshows )

 

Depending on the situation and the course of the process, changes in the process scope or sequences may occur. The changes will be presented to the client and client will decide concerning further steps. Individual components of the processes described can thus be expanded or become obsolete.

 

4.                                                        Duration

 

This Project Contract is concluded for an indefinite period, whereas the parties assume a time frame of 6-9 months of the execution of the process. Based on the good relationship between the parties, KCF is offering, that the project contract can be terminated by either contractual party with a notice period of at least two weeks to the end of the current month. Project start is July 1st, 2018.

 

5.                                                        Fees and Reimbursement of Expenses

 

5.1                                                 KCF is entitled to an agreed monthly retainer in the amount of €27,500 (which already includes the IPO-evaluation) for the IPO-Sub-Phase 1 and IPO-Sub Phase 2. From January 2019 on the retainer will be a monthly retainer of €18,000.

 

The amount will be invoiced on a monthly basis for a maximum of nine (9) months. In case an IPO can be realized before the ninth months, the retainer will end with the realization of the IPO.

 

It is agreed between the parties, that 60% of the retainer for a maximum of seven (7) months will be deducted from the IPO success fee.

 

5.2                                                 This Project is highly success-driven. In the event of an IPO, KCF is entitled to a success fee amounting to the agreed and already negotiated amount of 0.95% of the IPO contract

 

3


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

value [Please note: average international standard is between 0.75% and 1.5%]. The IPO contract value is defined as the proceeds and money raised for the shareholders of VIA optronics (or their successor company) and/or the Client (or its successor company) out of the IPO. The success fee is due at day of the first stock listed IPO-date.

 

5.3                                                 Travel expenses incurred in connection with the performance of the Project contract will be borne by the Client. Travel expenses will be verified and settled monthly. Travel expenses must be approved by the Client in advance. Travel expenses are based on €0.70 per vehicle kilometer or car rental expenses and reimbursement of air and rail travel (within the EU “Economy class”; outside the EU “Business Class”; First class train tickets).

 

5.4                                                 A lump-sum cost (telephone, courier services, color copies, etc.) is charged per month in the amount of €750, as significant international telephone charges and courier and copy costs have occurred in the last months already.

 

5.5                                                 In the event that VIA optronics decides to terminate the IPO process, KCF is entitled to a break-up fee of €175.000 in total, which is estimated about 15-20% of the expected success fee of KCF. As mutually agreed and based on the trustful relationship, this is a significant deduction of the overall efforts KCF is providing since VIA optronic’s IPO evaluation. The terms for the eligibility of the break-up fee are as follows:

 

5.5.1                                       [***]

 

5.5.2                                       [***]

 

5.5.3                                       [***]

 

5.5.4                                       [***]

 

5.6                                                 VAT at the statutory rate is additionally payable on all fees, if applicable.

 

6.                                                        Confidentiality

 

KCF warrants the confidential treatment of all information received from the Client in connection with the project KCF will not pass on this information to third parties except in pursuance of this Project Contract

 

6.1                                                 This obligation does not apply,

 

6.1.1                                       for if and so far as the Client has granted previous written consent

 

6.1.2                                       to the communication such of the Information which is or becomes public domain through no unlawful action by KCF its officers, employees, advisors or other representatives,

 

6.1.3                                       for such Information which was in the possession of KCF prior to the disclosure thereof,

 

6.1.4                                       for such Information which must be disclosed in order to comply with applicable law or regulation.

 

6.2                                                 KCF will impose a secrecy obligation to any employee or representative that will come in contact with the exchanged information and warrants that their employees and representatives will fulfil the terms of this Project Contract

 

4


 

CERTAIN CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, MARKED BY [***], HAS BEEN OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS NOT MATERIAL AND WOULD LIKELY CAUSE COMPETITIVE HARM TO THE COMPANY IF PUBLICLY DISCLOSED.

 

6.3                                                 KCF will pass on confidential information to third parties only after they have committed themselves to hold the information and data strictly confidential.

 

6.4                                                 The confidentiality obligations of fig. 6.1 to 6.3 also apply for the Client in consideration to information KCF discloses to the Client concerning potential investors.

 

6.5                                                 KCF is entitled to point out the main subject of the mandate in publications and to publish the completion of the project in the usual manner (Tombstone and press release).

 

7.                                                        Severability Clause

 

In case one or more of the provisions contained in this Project Contract should be or become fully or in part invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Project Contract shall not in any way be affected or impaired. Any provision which is fully or in part invalid, illegal or unenforceable shall be replaced by a provision which best meets the purpose of the replaced provision; the same applies in case of an omission.

 

Other oral ancillary agreements do not exist. Amendments and changes of this Project Contract require the written form.

 

This Project Contract is subject to the applicable German law and regulations. The applicable jurisdiction is Munich.

 

 

Munich, July 1st, 2018

/s/ Heiko Frank

 

Kloepfel Corporate Finance GmbH

 

 

 

 

Nuremberg, July 1st, 2018

/s/ Daniel Jürgens

 

VIA optronics GmbH

 

5



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