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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of accounting—The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). The Company is an investment company following accounting and reporting guidance in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial ServicesInvestment Companies ("ASC 946"). The Company consolidates its wholly-owned direct subsidiaries SLF I SPV and SLF I Opportunistic SPV.
The Company's consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments and reclassifications which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations and financial condition for the period(s) presented. The Company's consolidated financial statements have eliminated all intercompany transactions. Revenues are recognized when earned and expenses when incurred. The financial results of the Company's portfolio investments are not consolidated in the financial statements.
The Company's consolidated interim financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Articles 6 and 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated interim financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim period, have been included. The current period's results of operations will not necessarily be indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.
Investments—The Company applies fair value accounting in accordance with GAAP. Fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Investments are reflected on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities at fair value, with changes in unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations as "Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments" and realizations on portfolio investments reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations as "Net realized gains (losses) on investments".
The Company's underlying assets are considered, for purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and any regulations promulgated thereunder, and Section 4975 of the Code, to be assets of certain employee benefit plans and other plans that purchase shares. Under such circumstances, the Company's investments and the activities of the Investment Adviser are subject to and, in certain cases, limited by, such laws.
The Company values its assets on a quarterly basis, or more frequently if required under the 1940 Act. In all cases, the board of directors of the Company (the "Board") is ultimately and solely responsible for determining the fair value of the Company's portfolio investments on a quarterly basis in good faith, including investments that are not publicly traded, those whose market prices are not readily available and any other situation where its portfolio investments require a fair value determination. Security transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Because (i) "benefit plan investors", as defined in Section 3(42) of ERISA ("Benefit Plan Investors"), hold 25% or more of the Company's outstanding shares, and (ii) the Company's shares are not listed on a national securities exchange, an unaffiliated third-party ("Sub-Administrator") has been engaged to independently value the Company's investments, in consultation with the Investment Adviser. The Company's quarterly valuation procedures, which are the procedures that will be followed by such Sub-Administrator, are set forth in more detail below:
(1)Investments for which market quotations are readily available on an exchange are valued at such market quotations based on the closing price indicated from independent pricing services.
(2)Investments for which indicative prices are obtained from various pricing services and/or brokers or dealers are valued through a multi-step valuation process, as described below, to determine whether the quote(s) obtained is representative of fair value in accordance with GAAP.
a.Bond quotes are obtained through independent pricing services. Internal reviews are performed by the personnel of the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser, to ensure that the quote obtained is representative of fair value in accordance with GAAP and, if so, the quote is used. If the Sub-Administrator is unable to sufficiently validate the quote(s) internally and if the investment's par value exceeds a certain materiality threshold, the investment is valued similarly to those assets with no readily available quotes (see (3) below); and
b.For investments other than bonds, the personnel of the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser, look at the number of quotes readily available and perform the following procedures:
i.Investments for which two or more quotes are received from a pricing service are valued using the mean of the mean of the bid and ask of the quotes obtained. If an IHS Markit Ltd. quote differs from the Refinitiv (formerly known as Thomson Reuters) quote by +/- 5% or if the spread between the bid and ask for a quote is greater than 10%, the personnel of the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser, will evaluate the reasonableness of the quote, and if the quote is determined to not be representative of fair value, the personnel of the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser, will use one or more of the methodologies outlined below to determine fair value; and
ii.Investments for which one quote is received from a pricing service are validated by the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals at the Investment Adviser. The personnel of the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser, analyze the market quotes obtained using an array of valuation methods (further described below) to validate the fair value. For assets where a supporting analysis is prepared, the Sub-Administrator will document the selection and appropriateness of the indices selected for yield comparison and a conclusion documenting how the yield comparison analysis supports the proposed mark. The quarterly portfolio company monitoring reports which detail the qualitative and quantitative performance of the portfolio company will also be included. If the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals at the Investment Adviser, is unable to sufficiently validate the quote internally and if the investment's par value exceeds a certain materiality threshold, the investment is valued similarly to those assets with no readily available quotes (see (3) below).
(3)Investments for which quotations are not readily available through exchanges, pricing services, brokers, or dealers are valued through a multi-step valuation process:
a.Each portfolio company or investment is initially valued by the Sub-Administrator, in consultation with the investment professionals of the Investment Adviser responsible for the credit monitoring; and
b.Preliminary valuation conclusions will then be documented and discussed with the Company's senior management.
For investments in revolving credit facilities and delayed draw commitments, the cost basis of the funded investments purchased is offset by any costs/netbacks received for any unfunded portion on the total balance committed. The fair value is also adjusted for the price appreciation or depreciation on the unfunded portion. As a result, the purchase of a commitment not completely funded may result in a negative fair value until it is called and funded.
The values assigned to investments are based upon available information and do not necessarily represent amounts which might ultimately be realized, since such amounts depend on future circumstances and cannot be reasonably determined until the individual positions are liquidated. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Company's investments may fluctuate from period to period and the fluctuations could be material.
In the event Benefit Plan Investors do not hold 25% or more of the Company's outstanding shares, or the Company's shares are listed on a national securities exchange, then (i) personnel of the Investment Adviser will undertake the roles to be performed by the personnel of the Sub-Administrator, as described above and (ii) if an investment falls into category (3) above for four consecutive quarters and the investment's par value or its fair value exceeds a certain materiality threshold, then at least once each fiscal year, the valuation for each portfolio investment for which we do not have a readily available market quotation will be reviewed by an independent valuation firm engaged by the Board.
See Note 3. Investments, for further discussion relating to investments.
Cash and cash equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term, highly liquid investments. The Company defines cash equivalents as securities that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and so near maturity that there is insignificant risk of changes in value. These securities have original maturities of three months or less. The Company did not hold any cash equivalents as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Revenue recognition
Sales and paydowns of investments: Realized gains and losses on investments are determined on the specific identification method.
Interest income: Interest income, including amortization of premium and discount using the effective interest method, is recorded on the accrual basis and periodically assessed for collectability. Interest income also includes interest earned from cash on hand. Upon the prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment penalties are recorded as part of interest income. The Company has loans in its portfolio that contain a payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest provision. PIK interest is accrued and recorded as income at the contractual rates, if deemed collectible. The PIK interest is added to the principal balance on the capitalization date and is generally due at maturity or when redeemed by the issuer. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized PIK interest from investments of $2,089 and $4,398, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized PIK interest from investments of $1,376 and $2,703, respectively.
Non-accrual income: Investments are placed on non-accrual status when principal or interest payments are past due for 30 days or more and when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. Accrued cash and un-capitalized PIK interest or dividends are reversed when an investment is placed on non-accrual status. Previously capitalized PIK interest or dividends are not reversed when an investment is placed on non-accrual status. Interest or dividend payments received on non-accrual investments may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management's judgment of the ultimate collectability. Non-accrual investments are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in management's judgment, are likely to remain current. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no investments were on non-accrual status.
Fee income: Fee income represents delayed compensation, consent or amendment fees, revolver fees, upfront fees and other miscellaneous fees received and are typically non-recurring in nature. Delayed compensation is income earned from counterparties on trades that do not settle within a set number of business days after the trade date. Fee income may also include fees from bridge loans. The Company may from time to time enter into bridge financing commitments, an obligation to provide interim financing to a counterparty until permanent credit can be obtained. These commitments are short-term in nature and may expire unfunded. A fee is received by the Company for providing such commitments. Structuring fees and upfront fees are recognized as income when earned, usually when paid at the closing of the investment, and are non-refundable. Income received in exchange for the provision of services such as recurring administration services are also recognized as fee income in the period in which it was earned.
Interest and other financing expenses—Interest and other financing fees are recorded on an accrual basis by the Company. See Note 6. Borrowings, for details.
Deferred financing costs—The deferred financing costs of the Company consist of capitalized expenses related to the origination and amending of the Company's borrowings. The Company amortizes these costs into expense over the stated life of the related borrowing. See Note 6. Borrowings, for details.
Organizational expenses—Organizational expenses include costs and expenses incurred in connection with the formation and organization of the Company. All such amounts are expensed as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any organizational and offering expenses paid by the Company in excess of $1,000 will be borne by the Investment Adviser and cannot be recouped by the Investment Adviser.
Income taxes—The Company has elected to be treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Subchapter M of the Code and intends to comply with the requirements to qualify and maintain its status as a RIC annually. As a RIC, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of taxable income and gains timely distributed to its stockholders.
To continue to qualify and be subject to tax treatment as a RIC, the Company is required to meet certain income and asset diversification tests in addition to timely distributing at least 90.0% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code. Since U.S. federal income tax regulations differ from GAAP, distributions in accordance with tax regulations may differ from net investment income and realized gains recognized for financial reporting purposes.
Differences between taxable income and the results of operations for financial reporting purposes may be permanent or temporary in nature. Permanent differences are reclassified among capital accounts in the consolidated financial statements to reflect their tax character. Differences in classification may also result from the treatment of short-term gains as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions paid to stockholders of the Company are reported as ordinary income, return of capital, long term capital gains or a combination thereof.
The Company will be subject to a 4.0% nondeductible U.S. federal excise tax on certain undistributed income unless the Company distributes, in a timely manner as required by the Code, an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98.0% of its respective net ordinary income earned for the calendar year and (2) 98.2% of its respective capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in the calendar year.
Earnings per share—The Company's earnings per share ("EPS") amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period of computation. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations by the weighted average number of shares, and its related net impact to net assets accounted for, and the additional shares were dilutive.
Distributions—Distributions to the Company's stockholders are recorded on the record date as set by the Board. The Company intends to make timely distributions to its stockholders that will be sufficient to enable the Company to qualify and maintain its status as a RIC. The Company intends to distribute approximately all of its net investment income on a semi-annual basis and substantially all of its taxable income on an annual basis, except that the Company may retain certain net capital gains for reinvestment.
The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan (as amended from time to time, the "DRIP"), that provides for reinvestment of any distributions declared on behalf of its stockholders, unless a stockholder elects to receive cash.
The Company applies the following in implementing the DRIP. The Company shall use only newly-issued shares of its common stock to implement the DRIP. The number of shares to be issued to a stockholder that has not elected to have its distributions in cash shall be determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to such participant by the net asset value per share as of the last day of the Company’s fiscal quarter immediately preceding the date such distribution was declared (the "Reference NAV"); provided that in the event a distribution is declared on the last day of a fiscal quarter, the Reference NAV shall be deemed to be the net asset value per share as of such day. On August 16, 2022, the Board amended and restated the DRIP, effective as of September 18, 2022 (the "Amendment"). The Amendment clarifies that by "opting out" a stockholder may elect to receive some or all of their dividends or distributions in cash. Additionally, the notice requirement for stockholders to withdraw or modify their elections under the DRIP was amended such that a stockholder must notify the Company's transfer agent and registrar of any changes to their election no later than the day before the start of the quarterly period for which the stockholder desires to receive some or all of the dividend or distribution in cash. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 0 and 5,430,849 shares through the DRIP, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued 0 and 3,883,500 shares through the DRIP, respectively.
Use of estimates—The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the Company's consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, and other metrics used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ from the estimates used, and the differences could be material.