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Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income taxes  
Schedule of income (loss) before income taxes

    

For the Year Ended December 31

2021

2022

2023

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

Income (loss) from overseas entities

 

(7,665,988)

 

(17,271,251)

 

2,803,492

Loss from PRC entities

 

(41,502,270)

 

(6,507,345)

 

(2,178,681)

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

(49,168,258)

 

(23,778,596)

 

624,811

Schedule of income tax expenses (benefits)

    

For the Year Ended December 31

2021

2022

2023

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

Current income tax expenses

 

557,797

 

170,091

 

235,382

Deferred income tax benefits

 

(391,477)

 

(166,176)

 

(145,633)

Total income tax expenses

 

166,320

 

3,915

 

89,749

Schedule of reconciliation of the differences between the PRC statutory tax rate and the Group's effective tax rate

    

For the Year Ended December 31

 

2021

2022

2023

 

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

 

PRC statutory tax rate

 

25.00

%  

25.00

%  

25.00

%

Tax effect of preferential tax treatments

 

(0.38)

%  

(0.72)

%  

(25.30)

%

Tax effect of permanent difference

 

(15.54)

%  

(2.06)

%  

130.17

%

Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction

 

(0.50)

%  

(12.15)

%  

(122.02)

%

Changes in valuation allowance and others

 

(8.92)

%  

(10.09)

%  

6.51

%

Effective tax rate

 

(0.34)

%  

(0.02)

%  

14.36

%

Schedule of significant components of the Group's deferred tax balances

    

As of December 31

2022

2023

    

RMB

    

RMB

Deferred tax assets

 

  

 

  

Tax losses carryforwards

 

14,026,637

 

13,460,119

Advertising expenses in excess of deduct limit

 

3,093,464

 

3,022,509

Asset impairment and allowances for credit losses

 

1,303,029

 

1,021,295

Accrued expenses and others

1,513,483

1,342,747

Total deferred tax assets

 

19,936,613

 

18,846,670

Less: valuation allowance

 

(19,539,116)

 

(18,435,565)

Deferred tax assets, net

 

397,497

 

411,105

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

Amortization expense of intangible assets

 

263,031

 

25,600

Depreciation expense of property and equipment, and others

 

204,943

 

271,539

Deferred tax liabilities

 

467,974

 

297,139

Schedule of future expirations of tax losses arising in PRC

As of December 31,

2023

RMB

Loss expiring in 2024

    

976,812

Loss expiring in 2025

 

4,060,806

Loss expiring in 2026

 

20,911,886

Loss expiring in 2027

 

11,498,246

Loss expiring in 2028 and thereafter

 

16,249,520

Total

 

53,697,270

Schedule of valuation allowance

    For the Year Ended December 31

2021

2022

2023

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

Balance at beginning of the year

 

(8,019,931)

 

(13,065,611)

 

(19,539,116)

Change of valuation allowance

 

(5,045,680)

 

(6,473,505)

 

1,103,551

Balance at end of the year

 

(13,065,611)

 

(19,539,116)

 

(18,435,565)

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities classification in the consolidated balance sheets

    

As of December 31

    

2022

    

2023

RMB

RMB

Classification in the consolidated balance sheets:

 

  

 

  

Deferred tax assets, net

 

289,191

 

279,464

Deferred tax liabilities

 

359,668

 

165,498