Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

(in thousands)

Balance as of January 1

$

(36,515

)

$

5,312

$

13,246

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification

15,913

(55,270

)

(9,579

)

Federal income tax (expense) benefit

(3,342

)

11,607

2,012

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax

12,571

(43,663

)

(7,567

)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

(60

)

2,325

(464

)

Federal income tax expense (benefit)

13

(489

)

97

Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax

(47

)

1,836

(367

)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

12,524

(41,827

)

(7,934

)

Balance at end of period

$

(23,991

)

$

(36,515

)

$

5,312