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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

14.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in an estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts The Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year-ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each year-end.

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the fair value measurements accounting guidance (FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements), the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The Company uses a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

The following disclosures show the hierarchical disclosure framework associated with the level of pricing observations utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels of pricing are as follows:


	Level I:	Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

	Level II:	Pricing inputs are other than the quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities includes items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently and items that are fair-valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

	Level III:	Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value are as follows:


	At December 31, 2022				At December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Level 1)	$	30,011	$	30,011	$	22,590	$	22,590
Certificates of deposit with other banks (Level 3)		5,623		5,590		12,828		12,828
Securities held to maturity (Level 2)		31,822		30,080		—		—
Loans (Level 3)		927,871		886,944		711,664		705,706
Accrued interest receivable (Level 1)		4,661		4,661		3,022		3,022
Restricted investments in bank stock (Level 1)		3,377		3,377		2,685		2,685
Cash surrender value of life insurance (Level 1)		19,244		19,244		18,787		18,787
Financial liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits (Level 1)		675,299		675,299		591,344		591,344
Time Deposits (Level 3)		271,473		266,775		180,321		180,485
Other borrowings (Level 3)		20,938		20,938		19,814		19,819
Subordinated Notes (Level 3)		40,484		35,966		20,696		20,696
Accrued interest payable (Level 1)		797		797		103		103

The following tables present the assets reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s available-for-sale investment securities are reported at fair value. These securities are valued by an independent third party. The valuations are based on market data. They utilize evaluated pricing models that vary by asset and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. For securities that do not trade on a daily basis, their evaluated pricing applications apply available information such as benchmarking and matrix pricing. The market inputs normally sought in the evaluation of securities include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes (only obtained from market makers or broker/dealers recognized as market participants), issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bid, offers and reference data. For certain securities additional inputs may be used or some market inputs may not be applicable. Inputs are prioritized differently on any given day based on market conditions.


	December 31, 2022
(In Thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Assets:
Small Business Administration loan pools	$	—	$	843	$	—	$	843
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		—		40,169		—		40,169
Mortgage backed securities in government-sponsored entities		—		37,801		—		37,801
Total	$	—	$	78,813	$	—	$	78,813

	December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Assets:
Small Business Administration loan pools	$	—	$	1,084	$	—	$	1,084
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		—		48,482		—		48,482
Mortgage backed securities in government-sponsored entities		—		54,217		—		54,217
Total	$	—	$	103,783	$	—	$	103,783

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used as of December 31, 2022 and 2021are presented in the table below.


	December 31, 2022
(In Thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	7,313	$	7,313

	December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	751	$	751
Loans Held for Sale	$	—	$	—	$	3,860	$	3,860

The following tables provide information describing the valuation processes used to determine nonrecurring fair value measurements categorized within Level III of the fair value hierarchy:


	December 31, 2022
	Quantitative Information About Level III Fair Value Measurements
(In Thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques			Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans	$	7,313	Appraisal of collateral	(1	)	Liquidation expenses		10	%
	December 31, 2021
	Quantitative Information About Level III Fair Value Measurements
(In Thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Techniques			Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans	$	751	Appraisal of collateral	(1	)	Liquidation expenses		10	%
Loans Held for Sale	$	3,860	Appraisal of collateral	(1	)	Liquidation of collateral		15	%

(1)

Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which include various Level III inputs that are not identifiable.

Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors, such as economic conditions, aging, and/or estimated liquidation expenses incurred when selling the collateral. The range and weighted average of appraisal adjustments and liquidation expenses are presented as a percentage of the appraisal.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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