10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

Or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 000-55983

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	83-1561918
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(484) 568-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of class	Trading Symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value	MRBK	The NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒Yes ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒Yes ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☒
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of November 3, 2023 there were 11,177,751 outstanding shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
Consolidated Statements of Income – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	49
Item 4 Controls and Procedures	50
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A Risk Factors	51
Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures	52
Item 5 Other Information	52
Item 6 Exhibits	53
Signatures	54

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms

The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this report. As used throughout this report, the terms "Meridian", “we”, “our”, or “us” refer to Meridian Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

Acronym	Description
ACH	Automated clearing house
ACL	Allowance for credit losses
AFS	Available-for-sale
ALCO	Asset/Liability Committee
ALLL	Allowance for loan and lease losses
ALM	Asset / liability management
AOCI	Accumulated other comprehensive income
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification
ASU	Accounting Standards Update
BHC Act	Bank Holding Company Act of 1956
BOLI	Bank owned life insurance
BSA-AML	Bank Secrecy Act - Anti-Money Laundering
BTFP	Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program
CBCA	Change in Bank Control Act
CBLR	Community Bank Leverage Ratio
CDARS	Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service
CECL	Current expected credit losses
CET1	Common equity tier 1
CFPB	Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
CMO	Collateralized mortgage obligation
COVID-19	Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRE	Commercial real estate
DIF	FDIC’s deposit insurance fund
ECOA	Equal Credit Opportunity Act
ESOP	Employee Stock Ownership Plan
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFIEC	Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA	Federal Housing Authority
FHFA	Federal Housing Finance Agency
FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh
FHLMC	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or Freddie Mac
FICO	Financing Corporation
FNMA	Federal National Mortgage Association or Fannie Mae
FRB	Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
FTE	Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP	U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
GLB Act	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
GNMA	Government National Mortgage Association or Ginnie Mae
GSE	Government-sponsored entities
HTM	Held-to-maturity
ICBA	Independent Community Bankers of America
JOBS Act	Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
LBP	Look-back period
LEP	Loss emergence period

LGD	Loss given default
LIBOR	London Inter-bank Offering Rate
LIHTC	Low-income-housing tax credit
MBS	Mortgage-backed securities
MSLP	Main Street Lending Programs
MSR	Mortgage servicing rights
OFAC	Office of Foreign Assets Control
OREO	Other real estate owned
PCAOB	Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
PD	Probability of default
PDBS	Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities
PPP	Paycheck Protection Program
ROU	Right-of-use
SBA	Small Business Administration
SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
SERP	Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
SNC	Shared national credit
SOFR	Secure Overnight Financing Rate
TILA	Truth in Lending Act
TDR	Troubled debt restructuring
USDA	U.S. Department of Agriculture
VA	U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	13,737	$	11,299
Interest-bearing deposits at other banks	46,022		27,092
Cash and cash equivalents	59,759		38,391
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $138,014 and $148,976, respectively)	122,218		135,346
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $30,665 and $33,085, respectively)	36,232		37,479
Equity investments	2,019		2,086
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144		22,243
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,885,629		1,743,682
Allowance for credit losses	(19,683)		(18,828)
Loans and other finance receivables, net of the allowance for credit losses	1,865,946		1,724,854
Restricted investment in bank stock	8,309		6,931
Bank premises and equipment, net	13,310		13,349
Bank owned life insurance	28,641		28,055
Accrued interest receivable	8,984		7,363
Other real estate owned	1,703		1,703
Deferred income taxes	4,993		3,936
Servicing assets	11,835		12,346
Goodwill	899		899
Intangible assets	3,022		3,175
Other assets	39,957		24,072
Total assets	$	2,230,971	$	2,062,228
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	244,668	$	301,727
Interest bearing	1,563,977		1,410,752
Total deposits	1,808,645		1,712,479
Borrowings	177,959		122,082
Subordinated debentures	50,079		40,346
Accrued interest payable	7,814		2,389
Other liabilities	31,360		31,652
Total liabilities	2,075,857		1,908,948
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share. 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13,180,934 and 13,156,308 shares issued and 11,177,751 and 11,465,572 shares outstanding, respectively	13,181		13,156
Surplus	79,731		79,072
Treasury stock, 2,003,183 and 1,690,736 shares, respectively, at cost	(26,079)		(21,821)
Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan	(1,403)		(1,403)
Retained earnings	102,043		95,815
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,359)		(11,539)
Total stockholders’ equity	155,114		153,280
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,230,971	$	2,062,228

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023			2022
Interest income:
Loans and other finance receivables, including fees	$	33,980	$	21,848	$	95,612		$	58,187
Securities - taxable	901		648		2,853			1,599
Securities - tax-exempt	333		369		1,038			1,015
Cash and cash equivalents	245		93		741			157
Total interest income	35,459		22,958		100,244			60,958
Interest expense:
Deposits	15,543		4,075		41,013			7,182
Borrowings	2,692		857		7,230			2,166
Total interest expense	18,235		4,932		48,243			9,348
Net interest income	17,224		18,026		52,001			51,610
Provision for credit losses	82		526		2,186			1,743
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	17,142		17,500		49,815			49,867
Non-interest income:
Mortgage banking income	4,819		7,329		13,143			21,367
Wealth management income	1,258		1,114		3,689			3,672
SBA loan income	982		989		3,463			3,946
Earnings on investment in life insurance	201		138		585			413
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments	103		127		217			(713)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale	111		(237)		(88)			(1,094)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment	(570)		(886)		(673)			(2,499)
Net gain on hedging activity	82		399		81			4,941
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	(3)		—		(58)			—
Other	1,103		1,251		3,489			3,695
Total non-interest income	8,086		10,224		23,848			33,728
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	12,420		13,360		35,633			41,585
Occupancy and equipment	1,226		1,191		3,610			3,619
Professional fees	1,104		899		2,930			2,659
Advertising and promotion	848		1,165		2,799			3,340
Data processing and software	1,652		1,442		4,764			3,939
Other	2,768		2,204		7,686		—	6,258
Total non-interest expense	20,018		20,261		57,422			61,400
Income before income taxes	5,210		7,463		16,241			22,195
Income tax expense	1,205		1,665		3,568			4,927
Net income	$	4,005	$	5,798	$	12,673		$	17,268
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.36	$	0.49	$	1.14		$	1.45
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.35	$	0.48	$	1.11		$	1.40
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	11,058		11,736		11,129			11,928
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	11,363		12,118		11,449			12,344

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income:	$	4,005	$	5,798	$	12,673	$	17,268
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale:
Change in fair value of investment securities, net of tax of $(575), $(1,129), $(489), and $(3,694), respectively	(2,059)		(3,910)		(1,757)		(12,760)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) realized in net income, net of tax effect of $1, $0, $13, and $(1), respectively	2		—		45		(9)
Reclassification adjustment for investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity, net of tax effect of $7, $8, $19, and $(293), respectively	22		37		67		(962)
Unrealized investment losses, net of tax effect of $(566), $(1,121), $(457), and $(3,989), respectively	$	(2,035)	$	(3,873)	$	(1,645)	$	(13,731)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges, net of tax effect of $(140), $0, $(233), and $0, respectively	497		—		825		—
Total other comprehensive loss	$	(1,538)	$	(3,873)	$	(820)	$	(13,731)
Total comprehensive income	$	2,467	$	1,925	$	11,853	$	3,537

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Surplus		Treasury Stock		Unearned ESOP		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	13,181	$	79,650	$	(26,079)	$	(1,403)	$	99,434	$	(10,821)	$	153,962
Net income	—		—		—		—		4,005		—		4,005
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		—		(1,538)		(1,538)
Dividends declared ($0.125 per share)	—		—		—		—		(1,396)		—		(1,396)
Stock based compensation expense	—		81		—		—		—		—		81
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	13,181	$	79,731	$	(26,079)	$	(1,403)	$	102,043	$	(12,359)	$	155,114

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Surplus		Treasury Stock		Unearned ESOP		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	13,156	$	79,072	$	(21,821)	$	(1,403)	$	95,815	$	(11,539)	$	153,280
Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL (1), net of tax									(2,228)				(2,228)
Net income	—		—		—		—		12,673		—		12,673
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		—		(820)		(820)
Dividends declared ($0.375 per share)	—		—		—		—		(4,217)		—		(4,217)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (127,849 shares)	—		—		(4,258)		—		—		—		(4,258)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises	25		144		—		—		—		—		169
Stock based compensation expense	—		515		—		—		—		—		515
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	13,181	$	79,731	$	(26,079)	$	(1,403)	$	102,043	$	(12,359)	$	155,114

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Surplus		Treasury Stock		Unearned ESOP		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance at July 1, 2022	$	13,096	$	77,824	$	(11,896)	$	(1,602)	$	87,815	$	(9,150)	$	156,087
Net income	—		—		—		—		5,798		—		5,798
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		—		(3,873)		(3,873)
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)	—		—		—		—		(1,208)		—		(1,208)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (394,838 shares)	—		—		(6,137)		—		—		—		(6,137)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises	5		112		—		—		—		—		117
Stock based compensation expense	—		377		—		—		—		—		377
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	13,101	$	78,313	$	(18,033)	$	(1,602)	$	92,405	$	(13,023)	$	151,161

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Surplus		Treasury Stock		Unearned ESOP		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	13,070	$	77,128	$	(8,860)	$	(1,602)	$	84,916	$	708	$	165,360
Net income	—		—		—		—		17,268		—		17,268
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		—		(13,731)		(13,731)
Dividends declared ($0.80 per share)	—		—		—		—		(9,779)		—		(9,779)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans (589,608 shares)	—		—		(9,173)		—		—		—		(9,173)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises	31		454		—		—		—		—		485
Stock based compensation expense	—		731		—		—		—		—		731
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	13,101	$	78,313	$	(18,033)	$	(1,602)	$	92,405	$	(13,023)	$	151,161

(1) See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Pronouncements Adopted in 2023" for additional information.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Net income	$	12,673	$	17,268
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Loss on sale of investment securities	58		—
Net amortization of investment premiums and discounts and change in fair value of equity securities	1,225		668
Depreciation and amortization (accretion), net	289		(1,343)
Provision for credit losses	2,186		1,743
Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt	56		89
Stock based compensation	515		731
Net change in fair value of derivative instruments	(217)		713
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale	88		1,094
Net change in fair value of loans held for investment	673		2,499
Amortization and net impairment of servicing rights	1,618		1,753
SBA loan income	(3,463)		(3,946)
Proceeds from sale of loans	515,573		863,056
Loans originated for sale	(504,880)		(794,541)
Mortgage banking income	(13,143)		(21,367)
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(1,621)		(999)
Increase in other assets	(4,874)		(1,675)
Earnings from investment in bank owned life insurance	(585)		(413)
(Increase) decrease in deferred income tax	170		(219)
Increase in accrued interest payable	5,425		1,123
Decrease in other liabilities	(778)		(2,579)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	10,988	$	63,655
Cash flows from investing activities:
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls	7,301		8,662
Sales	13,514		—
Purchases	(12,949)		(22,176)
Activity in held-to-maturity securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls	1,020		540
Purchases	—		(5,500)
Increase in restricted stock	(1,378)		(100)
Net increase in loans	(149,462)		(225,967)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(1,080)		(2,020)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(143,034)	$	(246,561)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	96,166		227,140
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	37,201		(17,886)
Increase in long-term debt	18,676		—
Repayment of subordinated debt	(54)		—
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt	9,740		—
Issuance costs on subordinated debt	(9)		—
Net purchase of treasury stock	(4,258)		(9,173)
Dividends paid	(4,217)		(9,779)
Share based awards and exercises	169		485
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	153,414	$	190,787
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	21,368		7,881
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	38,391		23,480
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	59,759	$	31,361
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	42,818	$	8,225
Income taxes	1,839		5,365
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	351		2,955
Net loans sold, not settled	12,820		—
Transfer of securities from AFS to HTM	—		23,655

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(1)    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses, lending related commitments and the related unfunded commitment reserve, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill, intangible assets, and servicing assets.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the SEC (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022), subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period.

Stock Split

On February 28, 2023, the Corporation approved and declared a two-for-one stock split in the form of a stock dividend, paid March 20, 2023, to shareholders of record as of March 14, 2023. Under the terms of the stock split, the Corporation’s shareholders received a dividend of one share for every share held on the record date. The dividend was paid in authorized but unissued shares of common stock of the Corporation. The par value of the Corporation's stock was not affected by the split and remained at $1.00 per share. All share and per share amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the two-for-one stock split.

Loans

Loans held for investment are recorded at amortized cost, net of ACL. Amortized cost is the amount at which a financial asset is originated or acquired, adjusted for the amortization of premium and discount, net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and write-offs. Interest income on loans is recognized using the level yield method. Loan origination fees, commitment fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the related loans using a level yield method over the period to maturity.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans and Leases

On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ("Topic 326"), which replaced the incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The Corporation now establishes an ACL in accordance with Topic 326. The ACL includes quantitative and qualitative factors that comprise management's current estimate of expected credit losses, including portfolio mix and segmentation, modeling methodology, historical loss experience, relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions, prepayment speeds, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The Corporation's portfolio segments, established based on similar risk characteristics and loss behaviors, are:

• Commercial mortgage, commercial and industrial, construction, SBA loans, and commercial small business leases (commercial loans), and

• Residential, equity secured lines and loans, and installment loans (retail loans).

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term, adjusted for expected prepayments and recoveries. The contractual term excludes any extensions, renewals and modifications unless the Corporation has reasonable expectations at the reporting date that it will result in a modification, or they are not unconditionally cancellable. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

The allowance includes two primary components: (i) an allowance established on loans which share similar risk characteristics collectively evaluated for credit losses (collective basis) and (ii) an allowance established on loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segment and are individually evaluated for credit losses (individual basis).

Loans that share similar risk characteristics are collectively reviewed for credit loss and are evaluated based on historical loss experience, adjusted for current economic conditions and future economic forecasts. Estimated losses are determined differently for commercial and consumer loans, and each portfolio segment is further segmented by internally assessed risk ratings.

8

Management uses a third-party economic forecast to modify the calculated historical loss rates of the portfolio segments. The Corporation's economic forecast extends out 4 quarters (the forecast period) and reverts to the historical loss rates on a straight-line basis over 1 quarter (the reversion period) as we believe this to be reasonable and supportable in the current environment. The economic forecast and reversion periods will be evaluated periodically by management and updated as appropriate.

The historical loss rates for commercial loans are estimated by determining the PD and expected LGD. The PD is calculated based on the historical rate of migration to an event of credit loss during the look-back period. The historical loss rates for retail loans is calculated based solely on average net loss rates over the same look-back period. The Corporation's current look-back period is 32 quarters which helps to ensure that historical loss rates are adequately considering losses over a full economic cycle.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segments are evaluated on an individual basis. These loans, which may include borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, are not included in the collective basis evaluation. When it is probable that collection of all principal and interest due according to their contractual terms is not likely, which is assessed based on the credit characteristics of the loan and/or payment status, these loans are individually reviewed and measured for potential credit loss.

The amount of the potential credit loss is measured using one of three methods: (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent; or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. If the measured fair value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan, an allowance for credit loss is recorded.

For collateral dependent loans, the expected credit losses at the individual asset level is the difference between the collateral's fair value (less cost to sell) and the amortized cost.

Qualitative adjustment factors consider various internal and external conditions which are allocated among loan segments and take into consideration:

• Current underwriting policies, staff and portfolio concentrations,

• Risk rating accuracy, credit and administration,

• Internal risk emergence (including internal trends of delinquency, portfolio growth, and collateral value), and

• , Competitive environment, as it could impact loan structure and underwriting.

These factors are based on their relative standing compared to the period in which historical losses are used in quantitative reserve estimates and current directional trends, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Qualitative factors in the model can add to or subtract from quantitative reserves.

Loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with individual problem loans. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review our loan ratings and allowance for credit losses and the Bank’s internal loan review department performs loan reviews.

Accrued interest receivable on loans is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For additional detail regarding the allowance for credit losses and the provision for credit losses, see Note 5.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

Past due loans and leases are defined as loans contractually past due 30 - 89 days as to principal or interest payments but which remain in accrual status, or loans delinquent 90 days or more but are considered well secured and in the process of collection.

Nonaccruing loans and leases are those on which the accrual of interest has ceased. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status immediately if, in the opinion of management, collection is doubtful, or when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more and the loan is not well secured and in the process of collection. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed and charged against interest income. In addition, the amortization of net deferred loan fees is suspended when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Subsequent cash receipts are applied either to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal and interest. Loans are returned to accrual status when it is determined that the borrower has the ability to make all principal and interest payments in accordance with the terms of the loan (i.e. a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated).

Unless loans are well-secured and collection is imminent, for loans greater than 90 days past due their respective reserves are generally charged off once the loss has been confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

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Securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed on a level yield basis.

Investments in equity securities are recorded in accordance with ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, investments in equity securities consisted of an investment in mutual funds with a fair value of $2.0 million, and $2.1 million, respectively.

The Corporation’s accounting policy specifies that (a) if the Corporation does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When the Corporation does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not, the Corporation will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. The Corporation did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

We follow Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Measured at Amortized Cost, to measure expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by security investment grade. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Corporation classifies the held-to-maturity debt securities into the following major security types: state and municipal securities. These securities are highly rated with a history of no credit losses, and are assigned ratings based on the most recent data from ratings agencies depending on the availability of data for the security. Credit ratings of held-to-maturity debt securities, which are a significant input in calculating the expected credit loss, are reviewed on a quarterly basis.

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

We follow ASC 326-30, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, which provides guidance related to the recognition of and expanded disclosure requirements for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Corporation first evaluates whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security's amortized cost basis is reduced to fair value and recognized as a reduction to Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

For debt securities available-for-sale which the Corporation does not intend to sell, or it is not likely the security would be required to be sold before recovery, we evaluate whether a decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other adverse factors, such as a change in the security's credit rating. In assessing whether a credit loss exists, the Corporation compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is recorded, limited to the fair value of the security.

Management performs this analysis on a quarterly basis to review the conditions and risks associated with the individual securities. Credit losses on an impaired security shall continue to be measured using the present value of expected future cash flows. Any impairment not recorded through an allowance for credit loss is included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of the tax effect. We are required to use our judgment in determining impairment in certain circumstances. For additional detail regarding debt securities, see Note 3.

Unfunded Lending Commitments

For unfunded lending commitments, the Corporation estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. The estimate includes consideration of the probability of default and utilization rate at default to calculate expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life of one year, based on historical losses, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the provision for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposure is included in the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended September 30, 2023, and in other non-interest expense for periods prior to the adoption of ASU-2016-13 on January 1, 2023. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures was $1.0 million and $173 thousand as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Pronouncements Adopted in 2023

FASB ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”

The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, as amended, on January 1, 2023, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, net of fees and costs, securities HTM, unfunded lending commitments (including loan commitments on loans held for investment, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for securities AFS which now requires credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as an other-than-temporary impairment on securities AFS management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

We applied the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and securities AFS. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Corporation recorded a one-time decrease to retained earnings of $2.2 million on January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, net of tax. The transition adjustment includes $1.2 million and $974 thousand post-tax impacts for loans, net of fees and costs and unfunded loan commitments, respectively, due to higher expected credit losses compared to the incurred loss methodology primarily driven by longer duration commercial and consumer real estate loans.

FASB ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”

Issued in April 2019, ASU 2019-04 clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments (addressed by ASUs 2016-13, 2017-12, and 2016-01, respectively). The amendments to estimating expected credit losses (ASU 2016-13), in particular, how a company considers recoveries and extension options when estimating expected credit losses, are the most relevant to the Corporation. The ASU clarifies that (1) the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, including recoveries of amounts expected to be written off and those previously written off, and (2) that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. The Corporation adopted ASU 2019-04 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted.

FASB ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures."

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures." The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted CECL and enhance the disclosure requirements for modifications of receivables made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases in the existing vintage disclosures. The Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted, as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this ASU resulted in updated disclosures within our financial statements but otherwise did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. See Note 5.

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective as of September 30, 2023:

FASB ASU 2020-04 (Topic 848), “Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”

Issued in March 2020, ASU 2020-04 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The Corporation does not have a significant concentration of loans, derivative contracts, borrowings or other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. The Corporation expects to adopt the LIBOR transition relief allowed under this standard.

FASB ASU 2020-06, “Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”

This ASU clarifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature models. For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer (excluding smaller reporting entities), the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2021, and interim periods within. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2023, and interim periods within. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2020. The Corporation does not expect this to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2023-02, "Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323) Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method"

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method to allow reporting entities to consistently account for equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. If certain conditions are met,

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a reporting entity may elect to account for its tax equity investments by using the proportional amortization method regardless of the program from which it receives income tax credits, instead of only LIHTC structures. This amendment also eliminates certain LIHTC specific guidance aligning the accounting with other equity investments in tax credit structures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-02 and do not expect them to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

(2)    Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and if restricted stock awards were vested, and SERP plan liabilities were satisfied with common shares. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4,005	$	5,798	$	12,673	$	17,268
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	11,228		11,936		11,307		12,076
Average unearned ESOP shares	(170)		(200)		(178)		(148)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding	11,058		11,736		11,129		11,928
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options	119		232		149		274
Dilutive effects of SERP shares	186		150		171		142
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding	11,363		12,118		11,449		12,344
Basic earnings per share	$	0.36	$	0.49	$	1.14	$	1.45
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.35	$	0.48	$	1.11	$	1.40
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share	490		474		490		472

(3)    Securities

The following tables presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of securities at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,580	$	98	$	(202)	$	—	$	11,476	9
U.S. government agency MBS	11,744		—		(610)		—		11,134		13
U.S. government agency CMO	22,226		—		(2,854)		—		19,372		30
State and municipal securities	40,275		—		(6,890)		—		33,385		31
U.S. Treasuries	32,982		—		(3,453)		—		29,529		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	11,007		1		(788)		—		10,220		13
Corporate bonds	8,200		—		(1,098)		—		7,102		13
Total securities available-for-sale	$	138,014	$	99	$	(15,895)	$	—	$	122,218	134
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24

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	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,581	$	14	$	(314)	$	15,281	12
U.S. government agency MBS	12,272		5		(538)		11,739		12
U.S. government agency CMO	25,520		40		(2,242)		23,318		29
State and municipal securities	44,700		—		(5,862)		38,838		34
U.S. Treasuries	32,980		—		(3,457)		29,523		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,722		—		(633)		9,089		11
Corporate bonds	8,201		—		(643)		7,558		12
Total securities available-for-sale	$	148,976	$	59	$	(13,689)	$	135,346	135
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	37,479	$	—	$	(4,394)	$	33,085	25

Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, no securities are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

ACL on Securities AFS and HTM

We use credit ratings quarterly and the most recent financial information of securities' issuers annually to help evaluate the credit quality of our securities AFS and HTM portfolios on a quarterly basis. The securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government treasuries and U.S. government agency asset backed securities which have no probability of default. The remaining portfolio consists of highly rated municipal bonds, non-agency CMO, and corporate bonds that have a low probability of default.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had no significant ACL or provision expense and no charge-offs or recoveries on AFS or HTM securities.

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	1,345	$	—	$	6,489	$	(202)	$	7,834	$	(202)
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	3,092		(32)		8,042		(578)		11,134		(610)
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	2,728		(76)		16,644		(2,778)		19,372		(2,854)
State and municipal securities	—		—		33,385		(6,890)		33,385		(6,890)
U.S. Treasuries	—		—		29,529		(3,453)		29,529		(3,453)
Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	3,229		(22)		6,400		(766)		9,629		(788)
Corporate bonds	907		(93)		6,195		(1,005)		7,102		(1,098)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	11,301	$	(223)	$	106,684	$	(15,672)	$	117,985	$	(15,895)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)

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	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	6,531	$	(80)	$	4,863	$	(234)	$	11,394	$	(314)
U.S. government agency MBS	6,022		(230)		4,637		(308)		10,659		(538)
U.S. government agency CMO	9,859		(821)		9,549		(1,421)		19,408		(2,242)
State and municipal securities	7,487		(726)		31,351		(5,136)		38,838		(5,862)
U.S. Treasuries	1,902		(97)		27,622		(3,360)		29,524		(3,457)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	8,423		(464)		666		(169)		9,089		(633)
Corporate bonds	5,019		(431)		1,538		(212)		6,557		(643)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	45,243	$	(2,849)	$	80,226	$	(10,840)	$	125,469	$	(13,689)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities are shown below by contractual maturities at the dates indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	September 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity				Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	30,793		27,666		4,226		4,147		18,865		17,289		4,275		4,238
Due after five years through ten years	19,161		17,047		2,901		2,326		28,647		25,459		2,998		2,683
Due after ten years	43,083		36,780		29,105		24,192		53,950		48,453		30,206		26,164
Subtotal	93,037		81,493		36,232		30,665		101,462		91,201		37,479		33,085
Mortgage-related securities	44,977		40,725		—		—		47,514		44,145		—		—
Total	$	138,014	$	122,218	$	36,232	$	30,665	$	148,976	$	135,346	$	37,479	$	33,085

The following table presents the gross loss on sale of investment securities available for sale on the dates indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	$	155	$	—	$	13,514	$	—
Gross gain on sale of available for sale investments	—		—		—		—
Gross loss on sale of available for sale investments	3		—		58		—

Pledged Securities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities having a fair value of $51.8 million and $78.4 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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(4)    Loans and Other Finance Receivables

The following table presents loans and other finance receivables detailed by category at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	$	696,124	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	73,844		59,399
Residential mortgage	256,343		221,837
Construction	276,590		271,955
Total real estate loans	1,302,901		1,118,591
Commercial and industrial	299,861		341,378
Small business loans	141,265		136,155
Consumer	434		488
Leases, net	138,963		138,986
Total loans	$	1,883,424	$	1,735,598
Balances included in loans, net of fees and costs:
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$	13,231	$	14,502
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost	16,508		16,930
Unearned lease income included in leases, net	(22,385)		(25,715)
Unamortized net deferred loan origination costs	$	2,205	$	8,084

Fair Value Option for Residential Mortgage Real Estate Loans

Residential mortgage real estate loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, and that the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are carried at fair value pursuant to the Corporation's election of the fair value option for these loans. The remaining loans, net of fees and costs are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of deferred fees or costs, since the original intent for these loans was to hold them until payoff or maturity.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loans at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	574	$	—	$	574	$	695,550	$	696,124	$	—	$	696,124	0.08	%
Home equity lines and loans	216		—		216		72,699		72,915		929		73,844		1.55
Residential mortgage (1)	5,525		—		5,525		247,721		253,246		3,097		256,343		3.36
Construction	—		—		—		275,384		275,384		1,206		276,590		0.44
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		284,286		284,286		15,575		299,861		5.19
Small business loans	1,842		—		1,842		132,186		134,028		7,237		141,265		6.43
Consumer	—		—		—		434		434		—		434		—
Leases, net	2,346		—		2,346		135,550		137,896		1,067		138,963		2.46	%
Total	$	10,503	$	—	$	10,503	$	1,843,810	$	1,854,313	$	29,111	$	1,883,424	2.10	%

(1) Includes $13,231 of loans at fair value of which $12,108 are current, $376 are 30-89 days past due and $747 are nonaccrual.

15

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	565,260	$	565,260	$	140	$	565,400	0.02	%
Home equity lines and loans	146		—		146		58,156		58,302		1,097		59,399		2.09
Residential mortgage (1)	4,262		—		4,262		215,490		219,752		2,085		221,837		2.86
Construction	1,206		—		1,206		270,749		271,955		—		271,955		0.44
Commercial and industrial	101		—		101		328,730		328,831		12,547		341,378		3.70
Small business loans	939		—		939		130,751		131,690		4,465		136,155		3.97
Consumer	—		—		—		488		488		—		488		—
Leases, net	1,173		—		1,173		136,911		138,084		902		138,986		1.49	%
Total	$	7,827	$	—	$	7,827	$	1,706,535	$	1,714,362	$	21,236	$	1,735,598	1.67	%

(1) Includes $14,502 of loans at fair value of which $13,760 are current, $184 are 30-89 days past due and $558 are nonaccrual.

Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets

At September 30, 2023, there were 4 consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties (included in loans, net of fees and costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) totaling $937 thousand for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Risks and Uncertainties

We have no particular credit concentration. Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry. Additionally, most of our lending activity occurs within our primary market areas which are concentrated in southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland as well as other contiguous markets and represents a geographic concentration. Additionally, our loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial loans. Commercial loans are generally viewed as having more inherent risk of default than residential real estate loans or other consumer loans. Also, the commercial loan balance per borrower is typically larger than that for residential real estate loans and consumer loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual loan basis.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Status

The following table presents the amortized costs basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, net of fees and costs as of September 30, 2023. As of this date here were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual Without ACL		Nonaccrual With ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	3,346		12,229		15,575
Small business loans	3,457		3,780		7,237
Leases, net	1,067		—		1,067
Total	$	13,102	$	16,009	$	29,111

Collateral-dependent Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of non-accruing collateral-dependent loans by class or loans as of September 30, 2023 under the current expected credit loss model:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Equipment and Other		Total
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	1,893		13,682		15,575
Small business loans	5,347		1,890		7,237
Leases, net	—		1,067		1,067
Total	$	12,472	$	16,639	$	29,111

16

(5)    Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the

contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

Roll-Forward of ACL by Portfolio Segment

The following tables provide the activity of our allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326 (as adopted on January 1, 2023):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	3,249	$	—	$	—	$	916	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	790				2		153		945
Residential mortgage	1,047		—		—		157		1,204
Construction	1,294		—		—		(453)		841
Commercial and industrial	2,241		(130)		1		267		2,379
Small business loans	6,868		(272)		1		(511)		6,086
Consumer	—		(1)		1		—		—
Leases	4,753		(606)		90		(174)		4,063
Total	$	20,242	$	(1,009)	$	95	$	355	$	19,683

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance, prior to adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,095	$	(526)	$	—	$	—	$	596	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	188		439		(87)		5		400		945
Residential mortgage	948		17		—		—		239		1,204
Construction	3,075		(1,763)		—		—		(471)		841
Commercial and industrial	4,012		(1,023)		(130)		57		(537)		2,379
Small business loans	4,909		1,110		(598)		1		664		6,086
Consumer	3		(3)		(1)		3		(2)		—
Leases	1,598		3,345		(2,845)		242		1,723		4,063
Total	$	18,828	$	1,596	$	(3,661)	$	308	$	2,612	$	19,683

17

The following tables provide the activity of the allowance for loan and lease losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 under the incurred loss model:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,327	$	—	$	—	$	(238)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	240		(12)		34		(25)		237
Residential mortgage	489		—		—		217		706
Construction	2,481		—		—		378		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,287		—		39		(657)		5,669
Small business loans	3,681		—		—		319		4,000
Consumer	3		—		1		(1)		3
Leases	1,297		(419)		—		533		1,411
Total	$	18,805	$	(431)	$	74	$	526	$	18,974

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,950	$	—	$	—	$	(861)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	224		(12)		42		(17)		237
Residential mortgage	283		—		2		421		706
Construction	2,042		—		—		817		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,533		—		58		(922)		5,669
Small business loans	3,737		—		—		263		4,000
Consumer	3		—		3		(3)		3
Leases	986		(1,682)		62		2,045		1,411
Total	$	18,758	$	(1,694)	$	167	$	1,743	$	18,974

Reconciliation of Provision for Credit Losses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Provision for credit losses - funded	$	355	$	526	$	2,612	$	1,743
Recovery of provision for credit losses - unfunded	(273)		—		(426)		—
Total provision for credit losses	$	82	$	526	$	2,186	$	1,743

18

Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the allocation of the ACL and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Allowance for credit losses						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,165	$	4,165	$	—	$	696,124	$	696,124
Home equity lines and loans	—		945		945		929		72,915		73,844
Residential mortgage	—		1,204		1,204		2,164		240,948		243,112
Construction	—		841		841		1,206		275,384		276,590
Commercial and industrial	1,145		1,234		2,379		15,575		284,286		299,861
Small business loans	1,393		4,693		6,086		7,237		134,028		141,265
Consumer	—		—		—		—		434		434
Leases, net	—		4,063		4,063		1,067		137,896		138,963
Total (1)	$	2,538	$	17,145	$	19,683	$	28,178	$	1,842,015	$	1,870,193

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

The following table details the pre-CECL allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
	Allowance on loans and leases						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,095	$	4,095	$	2,445	$	562,955	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	—		188		188		1,097		58,302		59,399
Residential mortgage	—		948		948		1,454		205,881		207,335
Construction	—		3,075		3,075		1,206		270,749		271,955
Commercial and industrial	776		3,236		4,012		12,547		328,831		341,378
Small business loans	1,449		3,460		4,909		4,527		131,628		136,155
Consumer	—		3		3		—		488		488
Leases, net	—		1,598		1,598		902		138,084		138,986
Total (1)	$	2,225	$	16,603	$	18,828	$	24,178	$	1,696,918	$	1,721,096

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the process of determining the ACL to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows:

•Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.

•Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

•Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.

19

The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to

determine the allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Commercial mortgage
Pass/Watch	$	82,314	$	137,909	$	161,963	$	96,103	$	51,149	$	136,069	$	511	$	426	$	666,444
Special Mention	—		4,625		—		—		9,291		10,060		667		—		24,643
Substandard	200		—		574		—		1,648		2,287		—		328		5,037
Total	$	82,514	$	142,534	$	162,537	$	96,103	$	62,088	$	148,416	$	1,178	$	754	$	696,124
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Construction
Pass/Watch	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	29,115	$	47,458	$	4,548	$	2,120	$	123	$	24,083	$	262,718
Special Mention	—		—		1,084		—		511		8,934		—		2,137		12,666
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		1,206		—		—		1,206
Total	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	30,199	$	47,458	$	5,059	$	12,260	$	123	$	26,220	$	276,590
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch	$	18,566	$	35,631	$	26,734	$	8,891	$	4,579	$	37,658	$	—	$	126,466	$	258,525
Special Mention	1,000		4,766		—		—		—		1,665		—		2,816		10,247
Substandard	—		—		2,906		—		300		9,730		—		18,153		31,089
Total	$	19,566	$	40,397	$	29,640	$	8,891	$	4,879	$	49,053	$	—	$	147,435	$	299,861
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(130)
Small business loans
Pass/Watch	$	39,356	$	19,977	$	39,053	$	13,148	$	6,996	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,102	$	132,650
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		100		100
Substandard	—		673		5,038		1,914		890		—		—		—		8,515
Total	$	39,356	$	20,650	$	44,091	$	15,062	$	7,886	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,202	$	141,265
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(411)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(598)
Total by risk rating
Pass/Watch	$	193,731	$	295,293	$	256,865	$	165,600	$	67,272	$	176,865	$	634	$	164,077	$	1,320,337
Special Mention	1,000		9,391		1,084		—		9,802		20,659		667		5,053		47,656
Substandard	200		673		8,518		1,914		2,838		13,223		—		18,481		45,847
Total	$	194,931	$	305,357	$	266,467	$	167,514	$	79,912	$	210,747	$	1,301	$	187,611	$	1,413,840
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(413)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(728)

The Corporation had no loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2023.

20

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	66,721	$	72,915
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		929		929
Total	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	67,650	$	73,844
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(54)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(87)
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	11,408	$	—	$	241,390
Nonperforming	—		—		—				—		1,722		—		1,722
Total	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	13,130	$	—	$	243,112
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer
Performing	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Leases, net
Performing	$	25,583	$	64,581	$	35,930	$	11,802	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	137,896
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		—		—		1,067
Total	$	25,583	$	65,080	$	36,315	$	11,985	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,963
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,438)	$	(1,268)	$	(136)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,845)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing	$	68,277	$	223,017	$	58,215	$	19,514	$	2,784	$	14,031	$	66,797	$	452,635
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		1,722		929		3,718
Total	$	68,277	$	223,516	$	58,600	$	19,697	$	2,784	$	15,753	$	67,726	$	456,353
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,439)	$	(1,268)	$	(190)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(2,933)
(1) Excludes $14,403 of loans at fair value.

Commercial and industrial loans classified as substandard totaled $31.1 million as of September 30, 2023, a decrease of $8.2 million, from $39.3 million as of December 31, 2022. This decrease was the result of the payoff of one credit in the amount of $3 million, combined with the upgrade of several loan relationships that make up the remainder of the decrease. The majority of commercial and industrial substandard loans is comprised of 15 different loan relationships with no specific industry concentration and an $11.0 million commercial loan relationship in the advertising industry that became a non-performing loan relationship late in 2021.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	536,705	$	25,309	$	3,386	$	—	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	57,822		—		1,577		—		59,399
Construction	260,085		11,870		—		—		271,955
Commercial and industrial	295,502		6,587		39,289		—		341,378
Small business loans	131,690		—		4,465		—		136,155
Total	$	1,281,804	$	43,766	$	48,717	$	—	$	1,374,287

21

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Performing		Non- performing		Total
Residential mortgage (1)	$	205,881	$	1,454	$	207,335
Consumer	488		—		488
Leases, net	138,084		902		138,986
Total	$	344,453	$	2,356	$	346,809

(1) There were four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2023 and four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2022 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $550 thousand and $558 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above.

Impaired Loans

The following table details the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related Allowance and interest income recognized at the dates indicated.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Recorded investment		Principal balance		Related allowance
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	11,099	$	12,095	$	776
Small business loans	3,730		3,730		1,449
Total	$	14,829	$	15,825	$	2,225
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	$	2,445	$	2,456	$	—
Commercial and industrial	1,448		1,494		—
Small business loans	797		797		—
Home equity lines and loans	1,097		1,097		—
Residential mortgage	1,454		1,454		—
Construction	1,206		1,206		—
Leases	902		902		—
Total	9,349		9,406		—
Grand Total	$	24,178	$	25,231	$	2,225

22

The following table details the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on individually evaluated loans by portfolio segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
Individually evaluated loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	16,195	$	—	$	16,363	$	—
Small business loans	666		—		666		—
Total	$	16,861	$	—	$	17,029	$	—
Individually evaluated loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	4,212		29		4,257		77
Commercial and industrial	286		—		293		—
Small business loans	819		2		835		7
Home equity lines and loans	878		15		878		39
Residential mortgage	1,468		22		1,478		190
Construction	1,206		20		1,206		51
Leases	500		—		510		—
Total	$	9,369	$	88	$	9,457	$	364
Grand Total	$	26,230	$	88	$	26,486	$	364

Troubled Debt Restructuring

As result of the adoption of guidance related to CECL effective as of January 1, 2023, the Corporation had no reportable balances related to TDRs as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

The following table presents information about TDRs at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2022
TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases	$	207
TDRs in compliance with modified terms	3,573
Total TDRs	$	3,780

There was 1 new modification on a commercial mortgage for $684 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. Total TDRs declined year-over-year, despite the new modification in 2022, as two TDRs from prior to 2021 totaling $563 thousand paid off in 2022. No modifications granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 subsequently defaulted during the same time period.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the ACL on loans and leases, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. However, when principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the ACL on loans and leases. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

23

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Total	3	$	1,517		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Total	2	$	306		$	77

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Commercial & industrial	1	2,407		0.8%	—
Total	4	$	3,924		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Commercial & industrial	1	1,406		0.5%	422
Total	3	$	1,712		$	499

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Number of Loans
		Financial Effect
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	Extend maturity date
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend maturity date
Total	4
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Total	3

There were 5 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2023. There were no loans that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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(6)    Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The Corporation’s short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings extended under agreements with the FHLB or other correspondent banks. The Corporation has one unsecured Federal funds borrowing facility with a correspondent bank for up to $15 million. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings. The Corporation had $0 in Federal funds purchased at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve Bank discount window of $7.7 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities. There were no borrowings under this at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Corporation has a facility with the Federal Reserve’s BTFP of $33 million. This facility was created by the Federal Reserve in March 2023 and is fully secured by United States Treasury Bonds. There were $33 million in borrowings under this facility at September 30, 2023.

The following table presents short-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Open Repo Plus Weekly	06/10/2024	5.68%	$	117,348	$	113,147
FRB BTFP Advances	03/29/2024	4.76%	33,000		—
Total Short-Term Borrowings			$	150,348	$	113,147

The following table presents long-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	12/22/2025	4.23%	$	8,935	$	8,935
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	9/30/2024	4.60%	3,432		—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	7/14/2026	4.57%	15,244		—
Total Long-Term Borrowings			$	27,611	$	8,935

The FHLB has also issued $112.7 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire throughout the remainder of 2023 and through 2024.

The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $637.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and $505.4 million as of December 31, 2022. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

(7)    Servicing Assets

The Corporation sells certain residential mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees. All such transfers are accounted for as sales. When the Corporation sells a residential mortgage loan, it does not retain any portion of that loan and its continuing involvement in such transfers is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized.

Residential Mortgage Loans

The related MSR asset is amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the MSR. The Corporation serviced $1.0 billion of residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Corporation recognized servicing fee income of $612 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively, compared to $643 thousand and $1.9 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	9,238	$	10,610	$	9,942	$	10,756
Servicing rights capitalized	9		65		9		648
Amortization of servicing rights	(319)		(356)		(1,025)		(1,092)
Change in valuation allowance	—		(4)		2		3
Balance at end of the period	$	8,928	$	10,315	$	8,928	$	10,315

Activity in the valuation allowance for MSRs was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(2)	$	(8)
Impairment	—		(4)		—		(4)
Recovery	—		—		2		7
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions include prepayment speeds and discount rates. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 8.73% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. At December 31, 2022, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 8.05% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. Due in part to market volatility as interest rates increased, the prepayment speed assumption has decreased from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023. As interest rates have started to increase and the number of mortgage refinancings have started to decline, model inputs have been adjusted to align the MSRs fair value with market conditions.

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights	$	11,977		$	11,567
Weighted average life (months)	28			22
Prepayment speed	8.73		%	8.05		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(512)		$	(268)
20% adverse change	(986)			(525)
Discount rate	9.50		%	9.50		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(460)		$	(404)
20% adverse change	(889)			(777)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a articular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

SBA Loans

SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan

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servicing asset. The Corporation serviced $211.1 million and $166.1 million of SBA loans, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	2,955	$	2,250	$	2,404	$	2,009
Servicing rights capitalized	373		306		1,099		1,146
Amortization of servicing rights	(243)		(173)		(690)		(523)
Change in valuation allowance	(178)		109		94		(140)
Balance at end of the period	$	2,907	$	2,492	$	2,907	$	2,492

Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	(92)	$	(345)	$	(364)	$	(96)
Impairment	(178)		—		(178)		(280)
Recovery	—		109		272		140
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	(270)	$	(236)	$	(270)	$	(236)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 13.79% and a discount rate equal to 17.06%. At December 31, 2022, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 12.73% and a discount rate equal to 18.96%.

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights	$	3,009		$	2,422
Weighted average life (years)	3.5			3.8
Prepayment speed	13.79		%	12.73		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(102)		$	(73)
20% adverse change	(196)			(141)
Discount rate	17.06		%	18.96		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(64)		$	(53)
20% adverse change	(125)			(104)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

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(8)    Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair values of forward commitments and interest rate swaps are based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,476	$	—	$	11,476	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,134		—		11,134		—
U.S. government agency CMO	19,372		—		19,372		—

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	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
State and municipal securities	33,385		—		33,385		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,529		29,529		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	10,220		—		10,220
Corporate bonds	7,102		—		7,102		—
Equity investments	2,019		—		2,019		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144		—		23,144		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231		—		13,231		—
Interest rate lock commitments	229		—		—		229
Forward commitments	50		—		50		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,387		—		4,387		—
Interest rate swaps	1,023		—		1,023		—
Total	$	166,303	$	29,529	$	136,545	$	229
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	83	$	—	$	—	$	83
Forward commitments	—		—		—		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,321		—		4,321		—
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		6		—
Total	$	4,410	$	—	$	4,327	$	83

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,281	$	—	$	15,281	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,739		—		11,739		—
U.S. government agency CMO	23,318		—		23,318		—
State and municipal securities	38,838		—		38,838		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,523		29,523		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,089		—		9,089		—
Corporate bonds	7,558		—		7,558		—
Equity investments	2,086		—		2,086		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	22,243		—		22,243		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	14,502		—		14,502		—
Interest rate lock commitments	87		—		—		87
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,846		—		3,846		—
Total	$	178,110	$	29,523	$	148,500	$	87
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	79	$	—	$	—	$	79
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,799		—		3,799		—
Risk Participation Agreements	17		—		17		—
Total	$	3,895	$	—	$	3,816	$	79

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The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights	$	8,928	$	9,942
SBA loan servicing rights	2,907		2,404
Individually evaluated loans (1)
Commercial and industrial	12,371		—
Small business loans	2,456		2,281
Total	$	26,662	$	14,627

(1) Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. The increase in individually evaluated commercial and industrial loans noted above was due to reassessing how we evaluate the impairment on a loan relationship to now be based on the fair value of collateral.

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 individually evaluated loans.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs
September 30, 2023	$	14,827	Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-33% discount
December 31, 2022	2,281		Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-15% discount

Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.

Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is reflective of an exit price.

Servicing Assets

The Corporation estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and SBA loan servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. These servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management’s assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolios on a quarterly basis for impairment.

Individually Evaluated Loans

Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third‑party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the Allowance policy.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

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Deposit Liabilities

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings

The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

Long-Term Debt

Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

Subordinated Debt

Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	59,759	$	59,759	$	38,391	$	38,391
Mortgage loans held for sale	Level 2	23,144		23,144		22,243		22,243
Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses	Level 3	1,872,398		1,827,125		1,729,180		1,679,955
Mortgage loans held for investment	Level 2	13,231		13,231		14,502		14,502
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Level 2	1,808,645		1,780,200		1,712,479		1,575,600

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Borrowings	Level 2	177,959	179,000	122,082	122,082
Subordinated debentures	Level 2	50,079	50,218	40,346	40,020

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	261	$	374	$	87	$	1,122
(Decrease) increase in value	(32)		(237)		142		(985)
Balance at end of the period	$	229	$	137	$	229	$	137

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
September 30, 2023	$	229	Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.12%
December 31, 2022	87		Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.05

(9)    Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s loan portfolio.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Corporation uses interest rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps includes changes in fair value and any collateral that is held by a third party.

In June 2023, the Corporation entered into three interest rate swaps classified as cash flow hedges with notional amounts of $25 million each, to hedge the interest payments received on short term borrowings. Under the terms of the three swap agreements, the Corporation pays average fixed rates of 4.070%, 4.027% and 4.117%, and receives variable rates in return indexed to SOFR. The swaps mature between May, June, and December 2026. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $497 thousand and $825 thousand respectively, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as unrealized gains. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the combined notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $75 million and the fair value was an asset of $1.0 million.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation may enter into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa. The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged

32

by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

The following table presents a summary of notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Line Item	Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value		Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	40,015	$	229	$	16,590	$	87
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	21,260		(83)		16,108		(79)
Total		$	61,275	$	146	$	32,698	$	8
Forward Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	46,337	$	4,387	$	43,779	$	3,846
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	46,337		(4,321)		43,779		(3,799)
Total		$	92,674	$	66	$	87,558	$	47
Risk Participation Agreements
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	7,111		(6)		7,200		(17)
Total		$	7,111	$	(6)	$	7,200	$	(17)
Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Total derivative financial instruments		$	242,810	$	1,279	$	127,456	$	38

Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and (losses) on derivative financial instruments:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest Rate Lock Commitments	$	29	$	(405)	$	138	$	(1,380)
Forward Commitments	37		485		50		516
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps	33		47		19		151
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		11		—
Interest Rate Swaps	588		—		1,023		—
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	$	693	$	127	$	1,241	$	(713)

Net realized gains on derivative hedging activities were $82 thousand and $81 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and net realized gains on derivative hedging activities were $399 thousand and $4.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and are included in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.

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(10)    Segments

ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.

Our Banking segment (“Bank”) consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income, title insurance fees, and other less significant non-interest income.

Meridian Wealth (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.

Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of 12 loan production offices throughout suburban Philadelphia and Maryland. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells nearly all of its production to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates and holds temporarily, then earns fee income (primarily gain on sales) at the time of the sale. The unit also recognizes income from document preparation fees, changes in portfolio pipeline fair values and net hedging gains (losses), if any.

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which have been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.

	Segment Information
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023								Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	17,205	$	(15)	$	34	$	17,224	$	17,664	$	218	$	144	$	18,026
Provision for credit losses	82		—		—		82		526		—		—		526
Net interest income after provision	17,123		(15)		34		17,142		17,138		218		144		17,500
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	80		—		4,739		4,819		72		—		7,257		7,329
Wealth management income	—		1,258		—		1,258		—		1,114		—		1,114
SBA loan income	982		—		—		982		989		—		—		989
Net change in fair values	38		—		(394)		(356)		47		—		(1,043)		(996)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		82		82		—		—		399		399
Other	658		—		643		1,301		622		—		767		1,389
Non-interest income	1,758		1,258		5,070		8,086		1,730		1,114		7,380		10,224
Non-interest expense	12,564		826		6,628		20,018		11,354		780		8,127		20,261
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	6,317	$	417	$	(1,524)	$	5,210	$	7,514	$	552	$	(603)	$	7,463
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

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	Segment Information
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	51,928	$	(12)	$	85	$	52,001	$	50,197	$	628	$	785	$	51,610
Provision for credit losses	2,186		—		—		2,186		1,743		—		—		1,743
Net interest income after provision	49,742		(12)		85		49,815		48,454		628		785		49,867
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	221		—		12,922		13,143		394		—		20,973		21,367
Wealth management income	—		3,689		—		3,689		—		3,672		—		3,672
SBA loan income	3,463		—		—		3,463		3,946		—		—		3,946
Net change in fair values	30		—		(574)		(544)		151		—		(4,457)		(4,306)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		81		81		—		—		4,941		4,941
Other	1,982		—		2,034		4,016		1,776		(1)		2,333		4,108
Non-interest income	5,696		3,689		14,463		23,848		6,267		3,671		23,790		33,728
Non-interest expense	35,608		2,704		19,110		57,422		32,186		2,480		26,734		61,400
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	19,830	$	973	$	(4,562)	$	16,241	$	22,535	$	1,819	$	(2,159)	$	22,195
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

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(11)    Subordinated Debentures

In September, Meridian Corporation raised $9.7 million in subordinated debt at 8.00% with a term of 10 years, the 2023 Debentures. The issuance of this subordinated debt improved tier 2 capital, as well as tangible book value of the Corporation. The funds will be used for general corporate purposes, including providing capital to the Corporation's bank subsidiary, Meridian Bank, and supporting organic growth. The subordinated debt also helped to improve Meridian Bank's tier 1 capital.

The following table presents subordinated debentures at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2023 Debentures	8/31/2033	8.00%	$	9,740	$	—
2019 Debentures	12/30/2029	5.38%	40,000		40,000
2013 Debentures	12/31/2028	6.50%	596		653
2011 Debentures	12/31/2026	6.00%	463		463
2008 Debentures	12/18/2023	6.00%	56		56
Debt Origination Costs			(776)		(826)
Total Subordinated Debentures			$	50,079	$	40,346

The Corporation issued the 2023 and 2019 Debentures, while the Bank issued the 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures. Upon formation of the bank holding company, the Corporation assumed the 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures.

Interest is paid semi-annually on the 2023 and 2019 Debentures, and paid quarterly on the 2013, 2011 and 2008 debentures. The 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures are includable as Tier 2 capital for determining the Bank’s compliance with regulatory capital requirements. The 2019 and 2023 Debentures are included as Tier 2 capital for the Corporation and as Tier 1 capital for the Bank.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in Meridian Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Forward-Looking Statements

Meridian Corporation may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Meridian Corporation’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Meridian Corporation’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation: credit losses and the credit risk of our commercial and consumer loan products; changes in the level of charge-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, or ACL; cyber-security concerns; rapid technological developments and changes; increased competitive pressures; changes in spreads on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; changes in general economic conditions and conditions within the securities markets; unanticipated changes in our liquidity position; unanticipated changes in regulatory and governmental policies impacting interest rates and financial markets; legislation affecting the financial services industry as a whole, and Meridian Corporation, in particular; changes in accounting policies, practices or guidance; developments affecting the industry and the soundness of financial institutions and further disruption to the economy and U.S. banking system; among others, could cause Meridian Corporation’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements.

Meridian Corporation cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Meridian Corporation’s filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Meridian Corporation does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Meridian Corporation or by or on behalf of Meridian Bank.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are described in detail in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section within Item 7 of our 2022 Annual Form Form 10-K. The SEC defines "critical accounting policies" as those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for additional information on the adoption of ASC 326, which changes the methodology under which management calculates its reserve for loans and leases, now referred to as the allowance for credit losses. Management considers the measurement of the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy.

Executive Overview

The following items highlight the Corporation’s changes in its financial condition as of September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022. More detailed information related to these highlights can be found in the sections that follow.

Bank Sector Considerations

Meridian is a regional community bank with loans and deposits that are well diversified in size, type, location and industry. We manage this diversification carefully, while avoiding concentrations in business lines. Meridian’s model continues to build on our strong and stable financial position, which serves our regional customers and communities with the banking products and services needed to help build their prosperity.

As a commercial bank, the majority of Meridian's deposit base is comprised of business deposits (58%), with consumer deposits amounting to 12% at September 30, 2023. Municipal deposits (8%) and brokered deposits (22%) provide growth funding. Historically, business deposits lag loan fundings. A typical business relationship maintains operating accounts, investment accounts or sweep accounts and business owners may also have personal savings or wealth accounts. Deposit balances in business accounts have a tendency to be higher on average than consumer accounts. At September 30, 2023, 63% of business accounts and 88% of consumer accounts were fully insured by the FDIC. The municipal deposits are 100% collateralized and brokered deposits are 100% FDIC insured. The level of uninsured deposits for the entire deposit base was 23% at September 30, 2023.

Meridian also maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks to meet short-term liquidity needs and has access to approximately $1.0 billion in liquidity from numerous sources including its borrowing capacity with the FHLB and other financial institutions, as well as funding through the CDARS program or through brokered CD arrangements. In addition, the Bank is eligible to receive funds under the new BTFP announced by the Federal Reserve. Meridian elected to secure borrowings from the Federal Reserve under the BTFP due to the favorable rate and as of September 30, 2023 had a balance of $33 million. Management believes that the above sources of liquidity provide Meridian with the necessary resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.

Changes in Financial Condition - September 30, 2023 Compared to December 31, 2022

•Total assets increased $168.7 million, or 8.2%, to $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2023.

•Portfolio loans increased $147.8 million, or 8.5%, to $1.9 billion as of September 30, 2023.

•Mortgage loans held for sale increased $901 thousand, or 4.1%, to $23.1 million at September 30, 2023.

•Upon adoption ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) (“CECL”) effective January 1, 2023, we recorded an increase to our allowance for credit losses of $1.6 million and an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments of $1.3 million. The after-tax retained earnings impact of this adoption was $2.2 million.

•Total deposits increased $96.2 million or 5.6% to $1.8 billion at September 30, 2023.

•Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $57.1 million, or 18.9%, to $244.7 million as of September 30, 2023.

•The Corporation returned $4.2 million of capital to Meridian shareholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 through a $0.125 quarterly dividend in each of the first three quarters of 2023, and also purchased $4.3 million or 312,447 shares of treasury stock.

Three Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

•Net income was $4.0 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, down $1.8 million, or 30.9%, driven by a decline in non-interest income, and to a lesser degree a decline in net interest income, partially offset by lower operating expenses.

•The return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.73% and 10.17%, respectively, for the third quarter 2023, compared to 1.23% and 14.59%, respectively, for the third quarter 2022.

•Net interest margin decreased to 3.29% from 4.01% due to the impact of deposit and borrowing repricing outpacing the repricing of interest earnings assets, mainly loans.

•On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted the new accounting standard, referred to as CECL, which transitioned from the incurred loss model based on historical loss experience and economic and market conditions to the expected loss model. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term, adjusted for expected prepayments and recoveries, and take into account macroeconomic forecasts. The provision for credit losses decreased $444 thousand when comparing the third quarter 2023 to the third quarter 2022. The reduction was due in part to a decline in the overall exposure to unfunded loan

37

balances at the end of the third quarter, causing a reduction in the unfunded reserve of $273 thousand. The decrease in provision was also due to favorable changes in some baseline loss rates and certain macroeconomic factors underlying the funded loss model. In addition, the provision for credit losses is impacted by the change in expected loss rates under CECL.

•Non-interest income decreased $2.1 million, or 20.9%, to $8.1 million driven by a $2.5 million decrease in mortgage banking income and a $317 thousand decrease in net gains on hedging activities.

•Non-interest expense decreased $243 thousand, or 1.2%, to $20.0 million due to a $940 thousand decrease in salaries and employee benefits, largely offset by increases in professional fees ($205 thousand), data processing ($210 thousand), and other expenses ($564 thousand).

Nine Month Results of Operations - September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

•Net income was $12.7 million, or $1.11 per diluted share, down $4.6 million, or 26.6%, driven by a decline in non-interest income, partially offset by an increase in net interest income and lower operating expenses.

•The return on average assets and return on average equity was 0.79% and 10.96%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 1.28% and 14.49%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

•Net interest margin decreased to 3.40% from 3.99% due to the impact of deposit and borrowing repricing outpacing the repricing of interest earnings assets, mainly loans.

•Provision for credit losses increased $443 thousand to cover for increased loan growth period over period, combined with providing for the $1.8 million increase in net charge-offs period over period. As noted above, the provision for credit losses is impacted by the change in expected loss rates under CECL.

•Non-interest income decreased $9.9 million, or 29.3%, to $23.8 million driven by a $8.2 million decrease in mortgage banking income, combined with decreased net gains on hedging activity of $4.9 million.

•Non-interest expense decreased $4.0 million, or 6.5%, to $57.4 million as salaries and employee benefits decreased $6.0 million.

Key Performance Ratios

The following table presents key financial performance ratios for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Return on average assets, annualized	0.73		%	1.23		%	0.79		%	1.28		%
Return on average equity, annualized	10.17		%	14.59		%	10.96		%	14.49		%
Net interest margin (tax effected yield)	3.29		%	4.01		%	3.40		%	3.99		%
Basic earnings per share	$	0.36		$	0.49		$	1.14		$	1.45
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.35		$	0.48		$	1.11		$	1.40

The following table presents certain key period-end balances and ratios at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Book value per common share	$	13.88		$	13.37
Tangible book value per common share (1)	$	13.53		$	13.01
Allowance as a percentage of loans and leases held for investment	1.04		%	1.08		%
Allowance as a percentage of loans and leases held for investment (excl. loans at fair value and PPP loans) (1)	1.05		%	1.09		%
Tier I capital to risk weighted assets	8.43		%	8.77		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (1)	6.79		%	7.25		%
Loans and other finance receivables, net of fees and costs	$	1,885,629		$	1,743,682
Total assets	$	2,230,971		$	2,062,228
Total stockholders’ equity	$	155,114		$	153,280

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for Non-GAAP to GAAP reconciliation.

Components of Net Income

Net income is comprised of five major elements:

•Net Interest Income, or the difference between the interest income earned on loans, leases and investments and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds;

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•Provision For Credit Losses, or the amount added to the Allowance to provide for current expected credit losses on portfolio loans and leases;

•Non-interest Income, which is made up primarily of mortgage banking income, wealth management income, SBA loan sale income, fair value adjustments, gains and losses from the sale of loans, gains and losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale and other fees from loan and deposit services;

•Non-interest Expense, which consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, professional fees, advertising & promotion, data processing, information technology, loan expenses, and other operating expenses; and

•Income Taxes, which include state and federal jurisdictions.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is an integral source of the Corporation’s revenue. The tables below present a summary for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, of the Corporation’s average balances and yields earned on its interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin is the net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The difference between the net interest margin and the net interest spread is the result of net free funding sources such as non-interest bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity.

Analyses of Interest Rates and Interest Differential

The tables below present the major asset and liability categories on an average daily balance basis for the periods presented, along with interest income, interest expense and key rates and yields on a tax equivalent basis.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023						2022
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yields/ Rates		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yields/ Rates
Assets:
Due from banks	$	17,356	$	244	5.58	%	$	15,678	$	92	2.33	%
Federal funds sold	44		1		9.02		219		1		1.81
Investment securities - taxable	106,369		901		3.36		107,929		648		2.38
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)	58,196		410		2.80		63,711		450		2.80
Loans held for sale	27,718		456		6.53		37,857		479		5.02
Loans held for investment (1)	1,876,648		33,526		7.09		1,565,861		21,371		5.41
Total loans	1,904,366		33,982		7.08		1,603,718		21,850		5.41
Total interest-earning assets	2,086,331		35,538		6.76	%	1,791,255		23,041		5.10	%
Noninterest earning assets	98,054						76,939
Total assets	$	2,184,385					$	1,868,194
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	160,886	$	1,488	3.67	%	$	221,402	$	798	1.43	%
Money market and savings deposits	719,123		6,755		3.73		718,744		2,075		1.15
Time deposits	648,646		7,300		4.46		361,527		1,202		1.32
Total deposits	1,528,655		15,543		4.03		1,301,673		4,075		1.24
Borrowings	167,889		2,086		4.93		41,313		266		2.55
Subordinated debentures	41,311		606		5.82		40,578		591		5.78
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,737,855		18,235		4.16		1,383,564		4,932		1.41
Noninterest-bearing deposits	253,485						295,975
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	36,774						31,041
Total liabilities	2,028,114						1,710,580
Total stockholders' equity	156,271						157,614
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities	$	2,184,385					$	1,868,194
Net interest income and spread (1)			$	17,303	2.60				$	18,109	3.69
Net interest margin (1)					3.29	%					4.01	%

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023						2022
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yields/ Rates		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Yields/ Rates
Assets:
Due from banks	$	19,358	$	735	5.08	%	$	23,612	$	153	0.87	%
Federal funds sold	156		6		5.14		1,440		4		0.37
Investment securities - taxable	111,884		2,853		3.41		105,624		1,599		2.02
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)	60,042		1,266		2.82		63,848		1,240		2.60
Loans held for sale	23,459		1,080		6.16		52,495		1,580		4.02	%
Loans held for investment (1)	1,836,244		94,538		6.88		1,489,345		56,614		5.08
Total loans	1,859,703		95,618		6.87		1,541,840		58,194		5.05
Total interest-earning assets	2,051,143		100,478		6.55	%	1,736,364		61,190		4.71	%
Noninterest earning assets	95,740						74,313
Total assets	$	2,146,883					$	1,810,677
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	198,599	$	5,184	3.49	%	$	242,863	$	1,183	0.65	%
Money market and savings deposits	673,540		16,603		3.30		702,696		4,003		0.76
Time deposits	628,419		19,226		4.09		319,927		1,996		0.83
Total deposits	1,500,558		41,013		3.65		1,265,486		7,182		0.76
Borrowings	143,955		5,450		5.06		24,621		391		2.12
Subordinated debentures	40,662		1,779		5.85		40,548		1,775		5.85
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,685,175		48,242		3.83		1,330,655		9,348		0.94
Noninterest-bearing deposits	271,909						291,261
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	35,234						29,452
Total liabilities	1,992,318						1,651,368
Total stockholders' equity	154,565						159,309
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities	$	2,146,883					$	1,810,677
Net interest income and spread (1)			$	52,236	2.72				$	51,842	3.77
Net interest margin (1)					3.40	%					3.99	%

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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Rate / Volume Analysis

The rate/volume analysis table below analyzes dollar changes in the components of interest income and interest expense as they relate to the change in balances (volume) and the change in interest rates (rate) of tax-equivalent net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same periods in 2022, allocated by rate and volume. Changes in interest income and/or expense attributable to both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately based on the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each category.

	2023 Compared to 2022
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	Rate		Volume		Total		Rate		Volume		Total
Interest income:
Due from banks	$	141	$	11	$	152	$	617	$	(35)	$	582
Federal funds sold	1		(1)		—		10		(8)		2
Investment securities - taxable	262		(9)		253		1,154		100		1,254
Investment securities - tax exempt (1)	(1)		(39)		(40)		103		(77)		26
Loans held for sale	123		(146)		(23)		610		(1,110)		(500)
Loans held for investment (1)	7,401		4,754		12,155		22,884		15,040		37,924
Total loans	7,524		4,608		12,132		23,494		13,930		37,424
Total interest income	$	7,927	$	4,570	$	12,497	$	25,378	$	13,910	$	39,288
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	959	$	(269)	$	690	$	4,254	$	(253)	$	4,001
Money market and savings deposits	4,679		1		4,680		12,773		(173)		12,600
Time deposits	4,575		1,523		6,098		13,817		3,413		17,230
Total deposits	10,213		1,255		11,468		30,844		2,987		33,831
Borrowings	424		1,396		1,820		1,124		3,935		5,059
Subordinated debentures	4		11		15		(1)		5		4
Total interest expense	$	10,641	$	2,662	$	13,303	$	31,967	$	6,927	$	38,894
Interest differential	$	(2,714)	$	1,908	$	(806)	$	(6,589)	$	6,983	$	394

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, tax-equivalent interest income increased $12.5 million as favorable rate and volume changes contributed $7.9 million, and $4.6 million, respectively. The favorable change in rates led to increased yields on loans held for sale (up 151 basis points) and loans held for investment (up 168 basis points) that favorably impact interest income by $7.5 million, overall. The loans held for investment average balances increased $310.8 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $4.8 million, while the decline in loans held for sale average balances of $10.1 million had an unfavorable impact to interest income of $146 thousand. Growth in the loans held for investment portfolio was led by average balance increases in commercial real estate ($125.2 million), residential real estate ($121.9 million), construction ($59.2 million), and SBA loans ($17.6 million).

On the funding side, overall interest expense increased $13.3 million, largely driven by the impact from rate hikes issued by the Fed. The cost of deposits were up across the board, leading to a $11.5 million increase to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits increased 224 basis points, 258 basis points and 314 basis points, respectively, while the cost of borrowings increased 238 basis points. Time deposits were the largest drivers of the interest expense increase due to volume as average balances on such accounts increased $287.1 million, while money market/savings accounts average balances increased only $379 thousand, and the average balances on interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $60.5 million, while borrowings increased $126.6 million on average.

Overall, the $806 thousand decrease in net interest income over this period was driven by rate changes as the cost of interest bearing liabilities outpaced the increase in the yield on interest earning assets.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022, tax-equivalent interest income increased $39.3 million as favorable rate and volume changes contributed $25.4 million, and $13.9 million, respectively. The favorable change in rates led to increased yields on loans held for investment (up 180 basis points) and loans held for sale (up 214 basis points), that favorably impact interest income by $23.5 million, overall. The loans held for investment average balances increased $346.9 million, leading to a favorable volume impact on interest income of $15.0 million, while the decline in loans held for sale average balances of $29.0 million had an unfavorable impact to interest income of $1.1 million. Within the loans held for investment portfolio, average balances on commercial loans, SBA loans, and leases increased $1.3 million, $24.4 million, and $34.2 million, respectively, construction loans were up $71.9 million, and residential real estate loans average balances increased $145.8 million, while the average balance of PPP loans decreased $38.9 million as such loans are nearly fully forgiven now by the SBA.

On the funding side, overall interest expense increased $38.9 million, largely driven by the impact from rate hikes issued by the Fed. The cost of deposits were up across the board, leading to a $33.8 million increase to interest expense. The cost of interest-bearing demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and time deposits increased 284 basis points, 254 basis points and 326 basis points, respectively, while the cost of borrowings increased 294 basis points. Time deposit average balances increased $308.5 million, while money market/savings accounts average balances and interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $29.2 million, and $44.3 million, respectively, and borrowings increased $119.3 million on average.

Overall, the $0.4 million increase in net interest income was derived by the volume changes as the impact from increased average earning assets, particularly loans held for investment, overcame the unfavorable impact from the funding costs.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Periods in 2022

The provision for credit losses decreased $444 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and increased $443 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The provision decrease over the three month comparable period was due in part to a decline in the overall exposure to unfunded loan balances at the end of the third quarter, causing a reduction in the unfunded reserve. The remaining decrease in provisioning was due largely to favorable changes in the some baseline loss rates and certain economic factors. The provision increase over the nine month comparable periods was to help provide for loan growth over the period, in addition to helping to cover for the increased level of charge-offs, largely over small equipment leases.

Asset Quality Summary

The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets was 1.38% as of September 30, 2023, up from 1.11% reported as of December 31, 2022. There was $1.7 million in other real estate owned included in non-performing assets, the result of taking possession of a well collateralized residential real estate property in the quarter end December 31, 2022. Total non-performing loans of $29.1 million as of September 30, 2023, increased $7.9 million from $21.2 million as December 31, 2022 due to downgrades of 6 SBA loans, 1 shared national credit loan, 3 commercial loan relationships, and several small balance equipment leases during this period.

Meridian realized net charge-offs of 0.18% of total average loans for the nine months ending September 30, 2023, which was up from 0.10% reported for the same period in 2022. Net charge-offs for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 were $914 thousand, comprised of $1.0 million in charge-offs, with $95 thousand in recoveries for the quarter. While a large percentage of charge-offs for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 continue to be from small ticket equipment leases, the level of charge-offs in this portfolio declined by $169 thousand, while we also realized $90 thousand of recoveries related to the small ticket equipment lease portfolio. There were also charge-offs of $272 thousand on SBA loans that had previously been classified as non-performing loans in a prior period.

The ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment, excluding loans at fair value and PPP loans (a non-GAAP measure, see reconciliation in the Appendix), was 1.05% as of September 30, 2023 and 1.09% as of December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 there were specific reserves of $2.5 million against non-performing loans, an increase from $2.2 million as of December 31, 2022 due to the establishment of a specific reserve on a commercial loan that was classified as a non-performing loan, partially offset by a decline in the specific reserve on another commercial loan relationship.

The Corporation continues to be diligent in its credit underwriting process and proactive with its loan review process, including the engagement of the services of an independent outside loan review firm, which helps identify developing credit issues. Proactive steps that are taken include the procurement of additional collateral (preferably outside the current loan structure) whenever possible and frequent contact with the borrower. The Corporation believes that timely identification of credit issues and appropriate actions early in the process serve to mitigate overall risk of loss.

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Nonperforming Assets and Related Ratios

The following table presents nonperforming assets and related ratios for the periods indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Non-performing assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	$	—		$	140
Home equity lines and loans	929			1,097
Residential mortgage	3,097			2,085
Construction	1,206			—
Total real estate loans	5,232			3,322
Commercial and industrial	15,575			12,547
Small business loans	7,237			4,465
Leases	1,067			902
Total nonaccrual loans	29,111			21,236
Other real estate owned	1,703			1,703
Total non-performing assets	$	30,814		$	22,939
Asset quality ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets	1.38		%	1.11		%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans and leases	1.53		%	1.20		%
Total loans held-for-investment	1.54		%	1.22		%
Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value) (1)	1.55		%	1.23		%
Allowance for credit losses to (2):
Total loans and leases	1.03		%	1.07		%
Total loans held-for-investment	1.04		%	1.08		%
Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value) (1)	1.05		%	1.09		%
Non-performing loans	67.61		%	88.66		%
Total loans and leases	$	1,908,773		$	1,765,925
Total loans and leases held-for-investment	$	1,885,629		$	1,743,682
Total loans and leases held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value)	$	1,872,109		$	1,724,601
Allowance for credit losses (2)	$	19,683		$	18,828

(1) The allowance for credit losses to total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value) ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of this measure to its most comparable GAAP measure.

(2) See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Pronouncements Adopted in 2023.

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NON-INTEREST INCOME

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

	Quarter Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Mortgage banking income	$	4,819	$	7,329	$	(2,510)	(34.2)	%
Wealth management income	1,258		1,114		144		12.9	%
SBA loan income	982		989		(7)		(0.7)	%
Earnings on investment in life insurance	201		138		63		45.7	%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments	103		127		(24)		(18.9)	%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale	111		(237)		348		(146.8)	%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment	(570)		(886)		316		(35.7)	%
Net gain on hedging activity	82		399		(317)		(79.4)	%
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	(3)		—		(3)		(100.0)	%
Other	1,103		1,251		(148)		(11.8)	%
Total non-interest income	$	8,086	$	10,224	$	(2,138)	(20.9)	%

Total non-interest income decreased $2.1 million due primarily to lower income from our mortgage segment, which continues to be impacted by lower levels of mortgage loan originations in a rising rate environment and a lack of housing inventory. Mortgage loan originations decreased $104.0 million to $187.1 million when comparing the quarter ended September 30, 2023 to the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

The net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment improved to a loss of $570 thousand for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to a loss of $886 thousand for the comparable prior year quarter, due to the negative impact the rising interest rate environment had on the fair value of the loans in portfolio that are held at fair value.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The following table presents the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Mortgage banking income	$	13,143	$	21,367	$	(8,224)	(38.5)	%
Wealth management income	3,689		3,672		17		0.5	%
SBA loan income	3,463		3,946		(483)		(12.2)	%
Earnings on investment in life insurance	585		413		172		41.6	%
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments	217		(713)		930		(130.4)	%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale	(88)		(1,094)		1,006		(92.0)	%
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment	(673)		(2,499)		1,826		(73.1)	%
Net (loss) gain on hedging activity	81		4,941		(4,860)		(98.4)	%
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	(58)		—		(58)		(100.0)	%
Other	3,489		3,695		(206)		(5.6)	%
Total non-interest income	$	23,848	$	33,728	$	(9,880)	(29.3)	%

Total non-interest income decreased $9.9 million due primarily to lower income from our mortgage segment, which was impacted by lower levels of mortgage loan originations in a rising rate environment and a lack of housing inventory. Mortgage loan originations decreased $392.0 million to $531.4 million when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Driven by the decline in mortgage banking income over the nine month comparable periods, the net changes in the fair value of derivative instruments and loans held-for-sale, along with changes in net gains on hedging activity decreased $2.9 million, combined.

SBA loan income decreased $483 thousand as a lower volume of SBA loans were sold into the secondary market for the nine months ending September 30, 2023 ($64.9 million of loans sold at an average gross margin of 6.8%), compared to the nine months ending September 30, 2022 ($75.9 million in loans sold at an average gross margin of 7.4%).

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NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

	Quarter Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	12,420	$	13,360	$	(940)	(7.0)	%
Occupancy and equipment	1,226		1,191		35		2.9	%
Professional fees	1,104		899		205		22.8	%
Advertising and promotion	848		1,165		(317)		(27.2)	%
Data processing and software	1,652		1,442		210		14.6	%
Other	2,768		2,204		564		25.6	%
Total non-interest expense	$	20,018	$	20,261	$	(243)	(1.2)	%

Total non-interest expense decreased $243 thousand, or 1.2%, largely attributable to a decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense in the mortgage segment, which had reduced fixed and variable based compensation due to the overall decline in mortgage banking income.

Professional fees increased $205 thousand over this period largely due to an increase in loan and lease workout expenses which has helped lead to an increase in recoveries when compared to recoveries in the prior year. Professional fees were also impacted by system conversion fees for a new loan servicing platform for our mortgage segment. Advertising and promotion expense decreased $317 thousand over this period as a result of a decrease in business development expense and certain advertising expenses' seasonality.

Data processing and software expense increased $210 thousand due to cybersecurity improvements, cloud-based costs, other software upgrades, and an increase in customer account volume, all as a result of growth. Other non-interest expense increased $564 thousand due largely to an increase in FDIC insurance expense, which reflected the new 2 basis point increase in assessment, and an increase in certain commercial and consumer related loan expenses due to portfolio growth.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022

The following table presents the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	35,633	$	41,585	$	(5,952)	(14.3)	%
Occupancy and equipment	3,610		3,619		(9)		(0.2)	%
Professional fees	2,930		2,659		271		10.2	%
Advertising and promotion	2,799		3,340		(541)		(16.2)	%
Data processing and software	4,764		3,939		825		20.9	%
Other	7,686		6,258		1,428		22.8	%
Total non-interest expense	$	57,422	$	61,400	$	(3,978)	(6.5)	%

Total non-interest expense decreased $4.0 million largely attributable to a decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense at the mortgage segment, which recognized decreased fixed and variable compensation. Partially offsetting this decrease was an increase in salaries & benefits expense for the bank and wealth segments due to an increase in FTEs and a higher level of stock-based compensation expense year-over-year.

Advertising and promotion expense decreased $541 thousand as the result of a reduction in mortgage segment advertising and leads expense as mortgage origination volume was down significantly from the prior year. Data processing and software expense increased $825 thousand due to cybersecurity improvements, cloud-based costs and other software upgrades, all as a result of growth. Other non-interest expense increased $1.4 million over the period due largely to an increase in FDIC insurance expense, which reflected the new 2 basis point increase in assessment, and the adjustment of the unfunded allowance for credit losses which increased nearly $1 million due to the adoption of ASC 326 as of January 1, 2023.

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INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.2 million, as compared to $1.7 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in income tax expense was attributable to the decrease in earnings, period over period. Our effective tax rate was 23.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 22.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $3.6 million, as compared to $4.9 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in income tax expense was attributable to the decrease in earnings, period over period. Our effective tax rate was 22.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 22.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

As of September 30, 2023, total assets were $2.2 billion which increased $168.7 million, or 8.2%, from December 31, 2022. This growth in assets over the prior period was due primarily to loan portfolio growth, as detailed in the following table:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	23,144	$	22,243	$	901	4.1	%
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	696,124		565,400		130,724		23.1
Home equity lines and loans	73,844		59,399		14,445		24.3
Residential mortgage	256,343		221,837		34,506		15.6
Construction	276,590		271,955		4,635		1.7
Total real estate loans	1,302,901		1,118,591		184,310		16.5
Commercial and industrial	299,861		341,378		(41,517)		(12.2)
Small business loans	141,265		136,155		5,110		3.8
Consumer	434		488		(54)		(11.1)
Leases, net	138,963		138,986		(23)		—
Total portfolio loans and leases	$	1,883,424	$	1,735,598	$	147,826	8.5
Total loans and leases	$	1,906,568	$	1,757,841	$	148,727	8.5	%

Portfolio loans increased $147.8 million, to $1.9 billion as of September 30, 2023, from $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2022. Overall portfolio loan growth was 8.5% since December 31, 2022, or 11.4% on an annualized basis for 2023. Commercial real estate loans increased $130.7 million, or 23.1%, residential real estate loans held in portfolio increased $34.5 million, or 15.6%, construction loans increased $4.6 million, or 1.7%, and small business loans increased $5.1 million, or 3.8%.

The following table presents the major categories of deposits at the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	244,668	$	301,727	$	(57,059)	(18.9)	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	156,537		219,838		(63,301)		(28.8)	%
Money market and savings deposits	746,599		697,564		49,035		7.0	%
Time deposits	660,841		493,350		167,491		33.9	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	1,563,977	$	1,410,752	$	153,225	10.9	%
Total deposits	$	1,808,645	$	1,712,479	$	96,166	5.6	%

Total deposits increased $96.2 million, or 5.6%, since December 31, 2022. Noninterest-bearing deposits and interest-bearing accounts decreased $57.1 million, and $63.3 million, respectively, during the period. This decline was largely due to customer preference for money market deposits which carry higher interest rates than interest-bearing demand deposits. Time deposits grew $167.5 million, or 33.9%, from retail and wholesale efforts as customers prefer the higher term interest rates. Included in time deposits as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are $401.3 million and $409.3 million of brokered deposits, respectively, which comprise 22.2% and 21.9% of total deposits as of these dates.

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Capital

Consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Corporation was $155.1 million, or 7.0% of total assets as of September 30, 2023, as compared to $153.3 million, or 7.4% of total assets as of December 31, 2022. On October 26, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per common share payable November 20, 2023 to shareholders of record as of November 13, 2023.

In September, Meridian Corporation raised $9.7 million in subordinated debt at 8.00% with a term of 10 years. The issuance of this subordinated debt improved tier 2 capital, as well as tangible book value of the Corporation. The funds will be used for general corporate purposes, including providing capital to the Corporation's bank subsidiary, Meridian Bank, and supporting organic growth. The subordinated debt also helped to improve Meridian Bank's tier 1 capital.

The September 30, 2023 tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (a non-GAAP measure) was 6.8% for the Corporation and 8.9% for the Bank, compared to 7.2% for the Corporation and 8.8% for the Bank at December 31, 2022. Tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP measure) was $13.53 as of September 30, 2023, compared with $13.01 as of December 31, 2022. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures is below.

The following table presents the Corporation’s capital ratios and the minimum capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” by regulators at the periods indicated:

	Corporation				Bank				Well-capitalized minimum
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Tier 1 leverage ratio	7.52	%	8.13	%	9.65	%	9.95	%	5.00	%
Common tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	8.43	%	8.77	%	10.82	%	10.73	%	6.50	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	8.43	%	8.77	%	10.82	%	10.73	%	8.00	%
Total risk-based capital ratio	11.96	%	12.05	%	11.85	%	11.87	%	10.00	%

Under the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, a community banking organization that is less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and has limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9% can elect to report a single regulatory capital ratio. The Corporation has elected to be measured under this framework for Bank capital adequacy and had ratios of 9.65% and 9.95% at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Corporation is exempt from CBLR.

In December 2018, the Federal Reserve announced that a banking organization that experiences a reduction in retained earnings due to the CECL adoption as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which CECL is adopted may elect to phase in the regulatory capital impact of adopting CECL. Transitional amounts are calculated for the following items: retained earnings, temporary difference deferred tax assets and credit loss allowances eligible for inclusion in regulatory capital. When calculating regulatory capital ratios, 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in during the first year. An additional 25% of the transitional amounts are phased in over each of the next two years and at the beginning of the fourth year, the day-one effects of CECL are completely reflected in regulatory capital.

Liquidity

Management maintains liquidity to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Meridian’s foundation for liquidity is a stable and loyal customer deposit base, cash and cash equivalents, and a marketable investment portfolio that provides periodic cash flow through regular maturities and amortization or that can be used as collateral to secure funding.

In addition, Meridian maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs and has access to approximately $1.0 billion in liquidity from these sources. Through its relationship at the Federal Reserve, Meridian had available credit of approximately $7.7 million at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, Meridian had $33 million in borrowings from the Federal Reserve under the BTFP. As a member of the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow up to a specific credit limit, which is determined by the amount of our residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other loans that have been pledged as collateral. As of September 30, 2023, Meridian’s maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $637.6 million. At September 30, 2023, Meridian had borrowed $145.0 million and the FHLB had issued letters of credit, on Meridian’s behalf, totaling $112.7 million against its available credit lines. At September 30, 2023, Meridian also had available $15.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other financial institutions as well as $137.5 million of available short or long term funding through the CDARS program and $379.4 million of available short or long term funding through brokered CD arrangements. Management believes that Meridian has adequate resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.

Discussion of Segments

As of September 30, 2023, the Corporation has three principal segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” The segments are Banking, Mortgage Banking and Wealth Management (see Note 10 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements).

The Banking Segment recorded income before tax of $6.3 million and $19.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to income before tax of $7.5 million and $22.5 million for the same periods in 2022. The Banking Segment provided

47

121.2% and 122.1% of the Corporation’s pre-tax profit for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, as compared to 100.7% and 101.5% for the same periods in 2022.

The Wealth Management Segment recorded income before tax of $417 thousand and $973 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to income before tax of $552 thousand and $1.8 million for the same periods in 2022. The decrease in income in this segment was the result of declines in market conditions over the period.

The Mortgage Banking Segment recorded a loss before tax of $1.5 million and $4.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a loss before tax of $603 thousand and $2.2 million for the same periods in 2022. Mortgage Banking income and expenses related to loan originations and sales decreased due to lower origination volume in the higher rate environment. Originations have been significantly impacted by a lack of homes for sale.

Off Balance Sheet Risk

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and loan repurchase commitments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Total commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2023 were $517.7 million as compared to $506.2 million at December 31, 2022.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to a customer for a third party. Such standby letters of credit are issued to support private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is similar to that involved in granting loan facilities to customers. The Corporation’s obligation under standby letters of credit at September 30, 2023 amounted to $10.7 million as compared to $19.0 million at December 31, 2022.

Estimated fair values of the Corporation’s off-balance sheet instruments are based on fees and rates currently charged to enter into similar loan agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Since fees and rates charged for off-balance sheet items are at market levels when set, there is no material difference between the stated amount and the estimated fair value of off-balance sheet instruments.

In certain circumstances the Corporation may be required to repurchase residential mortgage loans from investors under the terms of loan sale agreements. Generally, these circumstances include the breach of representations and warranties made to investors regarding borrower default or early payment, as well as a violation of the applicable federal, state, or local lending laws. The Corporation agrees to repurchase loans if the representations and warranties made with respect to such loans are breached. Based on the obligations described above, the Corporation repurchased two loans totaling $730 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, while we repurchased one loan totaling $126 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and seven loans totaling $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Meridian believes that non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate performance trends and the adequacy of common equity. This non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for performance and financial condition measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Meridian’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.

Our management used the measure of the tangible common equity ratio to assess our capital strength. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of our goodwill and other intangible assets, it allows investors to more easily assess our capital adequacy. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for any regulatory capital ratios and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies.

The table below provides the non-GAAP reconciliation for our tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share:

(dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP)	$	155,114	$	153,280
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets	3,921		4,074
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	151,193		149,206
Total assets (GAAP)	2,230,971		2,062,228
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets	3,921		4,074
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	2,227,050	$	2,058,154

48

(dollars in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Stockholders' equity to total assets (GAAP)	6.95		%	7.43		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	6.79		%	7.25		%
Shares outstanding	11,178			11,466
Book value per share (GAAP)	$	13.88		$	13.37
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)	$	13.53		$	13.01

The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment ratio at September 30, 2023. This is considered a non-GAAP measure as the calculation excludes the impact of loans held for investment that are fair valued and the impact of PPP loans as these loan types are not included in the allowance for credit losses calculation.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses	$	19,683		$	18,828
Loans, net of fees and costs (GAAP)	1,885,629			1,743,682
Less: PPP loans	(289)			(4,579)
Less: Loans fair valued	(13,231)			(14,502)
Loans, net of fees and costs, excluding PPP and fair valued loans (non-GAAP)	$	1,872,109		$	1,724,601
Allowance for credit losses, net of fees and costs (GAAP)	1.04		%	1.08		%
Allowance for credit losses, net of fees and costs, excluding PPP and fair valued loans (non-GAAP)	1.05		%	1.09		%

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Simulations of Net Interest Income

We use a simulation model on a quarterly basis to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income resulting from various hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Our model incorporates various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which may have a significant impact on results such as:

•The timing of changes in interest rates;

•Shifts or rotations in the yield curve;

•Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on the balance sheet;

•Differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices;

•Varying timing of loan prepayments for different interest rate scenarios;

•The effect of interest rate floors, periodic loan caps and lifetime loan caps;

•Overall growth rates and product mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate ALM strategies.

Potential increase (decrease) to our net interest income between a flat interest rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining interest rate scenarios, measured over a one-year period as of the dates indicated, are presented in the following table which assuming rate shifts occur upward and downward on the yield curve in even increments over the first twelve months (ramp) followed by rates held constant thereafter.

49

	September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates	2023		2022
+300 basis points over next 12 months	(1.25)	%	0.13	%
+200 basis points over next 12 months	(0.74)	%	0.29	%
+100 basis points over next 12 months	(0.29)	%	0.15	%
No Change
-100 basis points over next 12 months	(1.33)	%	(1.40)	%
-200 basis points over next 12 months	(2.63)	%	(3.19)	%

The above interest rate simulation suggests that the Corporation’s balance sheet is asset sensitive as of September 30, 2023. In its current position, the table indicates that net interest income will fluctuate between (1.33%) and (0.29%) in an up or down 100 basis point environment over the next 12 months. The simulated exposure to a change in interest rates is manageable and well within policy guidelines. The results continue to drive our funding strategy of increasing relationship-based accounts (core deposits) and utilizing term deposits to fund short to medium duration assets.

Simulation of economic value of equity

To quantify the amount of capital required to absorb potential losses in value of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities resulting from adverse market movements, we calculate economic value of equity on a quarterly basis. We define economic value of equity as the net present value of our balance sheet’s cash flow, and we calculate economic value of equity by discounting anticipated principal and interest cash flows under the prevailing and hypothetical interest rate environments. Potential changes to our economic value of equity between a flat rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios are presented in the following table. The projections assume shifts upward and downward in the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points occurring immediately.

	September 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates	2023		2022
+300 basis points	(10)	%	5	%
+200 basis points	(6)	%	6	%
+100 basis points	(2)	%	4	%
No Change
-100 basis points	—	%	(9)	%
-200 basis points	(5)	%	(25)	%

This economic value of equity profile at September 30, 2023 suggests that we would experience a negative effect from an increase or decrease in rates, and the impact would worsen as rates continued to move in either direction. While an instantaneous shift in interest rates is used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure, we believe that a gradual shift in interest rates would have a much more modest impact. Since economic value of equity measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in economic value of equity does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon.

The results of our net interest income and economic value of equity simulation analysis are purely hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from that projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel yield curve shifts or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause net interest income to be different from that projected. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term interest-bearing liabilities reprice faster than expected or faster than our interest-earning assets. Actual results could differ from those projected if interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities grow faster or slower than estimated, or otherwise change its mix of products. Actual results could also differ from those projected if actual repayment speeds in the loan portfolio are substantially different than those assumed in the simulation model. Furthermore, the results do not take into account the impact of changes in loan prepayment rates on loan discount accretion. If loan prepayment rates were to increase, any remaining loan discounts would be recognized into interest income. This would result in a current period offset to declining net interest income caused by higher rate loans prepaying. Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes to loan, investment, deposit, funding or other strategies.

Management has and continues to employ strategies to mitigate risk in the Net Interest Income and Economic Value simulations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Corporation’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the

50

Corporation in the reports that the Corporation files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported completely and accurately within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Effective January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted CECL. The Corporation designed new controls and modified existing controls as part of this adoption. These additional controls over financial reporting included controls over model creation and design, model governance, assumptions, and expanded controls over loan level data. There were no other changes in the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II–OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

None

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the following risk factors represent material updates and additions to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC. Additional risks not presently known to the Corporation, or that are currently deemed immaterial, may also adversely affect business, financial condition or results of operations of the Corporation. Further, to the extent that any of the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitutes forward-looking statements, the risk factor set forth below also is a cautionary statement identifying important factors that could cause the Corporation’s actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of it.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have a material effect on our operations.

The rapid rise in interest rates starting in 2022; the resulting industry-wide reduction in the fair value of securities portfolios and capital; and several bank runs resulting in high profile bank failures, have caused a current state of volatility in the financial services industry with respect to liquidity and the health of the U.S. banking system. A financial institution's liquidity reflects its ability to meet customer demand for loans, accommodating possible outflows in deposits and accessing alternative sources of funds when needed, while at the same time taking advantage of interest rate market opportunities. The ability to manage liquidity is fundamental to a financial institution's business and success. These recent events have, and could continue to adversely impact earnings as well as the market price and volatility of the Corporation's common stock. Additionally, the cost of resolving recent bank failures prompted the FDIC to announce plans to collect additional special assessments. These recent events may also result in potentially adverse changes to laws or regulations applicable to the Corporation, which could have a material impact on the Corporation's business and result in increased costs necessary to comply with any such changes.

Weakness in the secondary residential mortgage loan markets or demand for mortgage loans may adversely affect income.

Our mortgage banking segment can provide a significant portion of our non-interest income. Mortgage activity throughout the industry decreased significantly in 2022 and our mortgage activity decreased as well. Residential mortgage lending is subject to substantial volatility due to changes in interest rates, the continued lack of housing inventory, housing demand, inflation, cash buyers, new mortgage lending regulations and other market conditions, such as the number of third-party investors and their demand to purchase mortgage loans. These factors have a direct effect on loan originations across the industry. In particular, in the current higher interest rate environment compounded by a sustained lack of housing inventory, our originations of mortgage loans decreased resulting in fewer loans available to be sold to investors, which has resulted in a decrease in non-interest income that may continue into future periods, and which may occur during other periods of rising interest rates.

Based on the above factors we may not be able to return our mortgage business to the rates of growth achieved in recent years or even grow our mortgage business from current levels. The success of our mortgage segment is dependent upon our ability to originate a high volume of loans and sell them in the secondary market to investors at a gain. In addition, our results of operations are affected by the amount of non-interest expenses (including for personnel and systems infrastructure) associated with mortgage banking activities. During periods of reduced loan demand, our results of operations are adversely affected if we are unable to reduce expenses commensurate with the decline in mortgage loan origination activity.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

51

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

52

Item 6. Exhibits.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
2.1	Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated April 26, 2018 by and between Registrant, Bank and Meridian Interim Bank, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.1	Amended Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, filed herewith.
3.2	Bylaws of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2	Indenture, dated as of December 18, 2019, between Meridian Corporation, as Issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.
4.3	Form of 5.375% Subordinated Note due 2029 (included as Exhibit A-1 and Exhibit A-2 to the Indenture incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.2 hereto), filed with the SEC on December 18, 2019.
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, filed herewith.
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/ 15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, filed herewith.
32	Section 1350 Certifications, filed herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

53

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date:	November 9, 2023	Meridian Corporation
		By:	/s/ Christopher J. Annas
			Christopher J. Annas President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
		By:	/s/ Denise Lindsay
			Denise Lindsay Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

54

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

RULE 13a -14(a) CERTIFICATION
OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Christopher J. Annas, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Meridian Corporation;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)          Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)          Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)         All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)        Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:   November 9, 2023	/s/ Christopher J. Annas
	Christopher J. Annas
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

RULE 13a-14(a) CERTIFICATION
OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Denise Lindsay, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Meridian Corporation;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)          Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)          Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)          All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)          Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:   November 9, 2023	/s/ Denise Lindsay
	Denise Lindsay
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Meridian Corporation on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.  The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Meridian Corporation.

	/s/ Christopher J. Annas
	Christopher J. Annas
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
	/s/ Denise Lindsay
	Denise Lindsay
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date:    November 9, 2023

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 03, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-55983
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	PA
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-1561918
Entity Address, Address Line One	9 Old Lincoln Highway
Entity Address, City or Town	Malvern
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	19355
City Area Code	484
Local Phone Number	568-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $1 par value
Trading Symbol	MRBK
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,177,751
Entity Registrant Name	Meridian Corp
Entity Central Index Key	0001750735
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$ 13,737	$ 11,299
Interest-bearing deposits at other banks	46,022	27,092
Cash and cash equivalents	59,759	38,391
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $138,014 and $148,976, respectively)	122,218	135,346
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $30,665 and $33,085, respectively)	36,232	37,479
Equity investments	2,019	2,086
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144	22,243
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,885,629	1,743,682
Allowance for credit losses	(19,683)	(18,828)
Loans and other finance receivables, net of the allowance for credit losses	1,865,946	1,724,854
Restricted investment in bank stock	8,309	6,931
Bank premises and equipment, net	13,310	13,349
Bank owned life insurance	28,641	28,055
Accrued interest receivable	8,984	7,363
Other real estate owned	1,703	1,703
Deferred income taxes	4,993	3,936
Servicing assets	11,835	12,346
Goodwill	899	899
Intangible assets	3,022	3,175
Other assets	39,957	24,072
Total assets	2,230,971	2,062,228
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	244,668	301,727
Interest bearing	1,563,977	1,410,752
Total deposits	1,808,645	1,712,479
Borrowings	177,959	122,082
Subordinated debentures	50,079	40,346
Accrued interest payable	7,814	2,389
Other liabilities	31,360	31,652
Total liabilities	2,075,857	1,908,948
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share. 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13,180,934 and 13,156,308 shares issued and 11,177,751 and 11,465,572 shares outstanding, respectively	13,181	13,156
Surplus	79,731	79,072
Treasury stock, 2,003,183 and 1,690,736 shares, respectively, at cost	(26,079)	(21,821)
Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan	(1,403)	(1,403)
Retained earnings	102,043	95,815
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,359)	(11,539)
Total stockholders’ equity	155,114	153,280
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 2,230,971	$ 2,062,228

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 138,014	$ 148,976
Securities, held-to-maturity, fair value	$ 30,665	$ 33,085
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	25,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	13,180,934	13,156,308
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	11,177,751	11,465,572
Treasury stock held (in shares)	2,003,183	1,690,736

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Interest income:
Loans and other finance receivables, including fees	$ 33,980	$ 21,848	$ 95,612	$ 58,187
Securities - taxable	901	648	2,853	1,599
Securities - tax-exempt	333	369	1,038	1,015
Cash and cash equivalents	245	93	741	157
Total interest income	35,459	22,958	100,244	60,958
Interest expense:
Deposits	15,543	4,075	41,013	7,182
Borrowings	2,692	857	7,230	2,166
Total interest expense	18,235	4,932	48,243	9,348
Net interest income	17,224	18,026	52,001	51,610
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	82	526	2,186	1,743
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	17,142	17,500	49,815	49,867
Non-interest income:
Mortgage banking income	$ 4,819	$ 7,329	$ 13,143	$ 21,367
Type of Revenue, Extensible List	Investment Advice [Member]	Investment Advice [Member]	Investment Advice [Member]	Investment Advice [Member]
Revenue from contract with customer	$ 1,258	$ 1,114	$ 3,689	$ 3,672
SBA loan income	982	989	3,463	3,946
Earnings on investment in life insurance	201	138	585	413
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments	103	127	217	(713)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale	111	(237)	(88)	(1,094)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment	(570)	(886)	(673)	(2,499)
Net gain on hedging activity	82	399	81	4,941
Net loss on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	(3)	0	(58)	0
Other	1,103	1,251	3,489	3,695
Total non-interest income	8,086	10,224	23,848	33,728
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	12,420	13,360	35,633	41,585
Occupancy and equipment	1,226	1,191	3,610	3,619
Professional fees	1,104	899	2,930	2,659
Advertising and promotion	848	1,165	2,799	3,340
Data processing and software	1,652	1,442	4,764	3,939
Other	2,768	2,204	7,686	6,258
Total non-interest expense	20,018	20,261	57,422	61,400
Income before income taxes	5,210	7,463	16,241	22,195
Income tax expense	1,205	1,665	3,568	4,927
Net income	$ 4,005	$ 5,798	$ 12,673	$ 17,268
Basic earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.36	$ 0.49	$ 1.14	$ 1.45
Diluted earnings per common share (in USD per share)	$ 0.35	$ 0.48	$ 1.11	$ 1.40
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	11,058	11,736	11,129	11,928
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	11,363	12,118	11,449	12,344

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income:	$ 4,005	$ 5,798	$ 12,673	$ 17,268
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale:
Change in fair value of investment securities, net of tax of $(575), $(1,129), $(489), and $(3,694), respectively	(2,059)	(3,910)	(1,757)	(12,760)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) realized in net income, net of tax effect of $1, $0, $13, and $(1), respectively	2	0	45	(9)
Reclassification adjustment for investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity, net of tax effect of $7, $8, $19, and $(293), respectively	22	37	67	(962)
Unrealized investment losses, net of tax effect of $(566), $(1,121), $(457), and $(3,989), respectively	(2,035)	(3,873)	(1,645)	(13,731)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges, net of tax effect of $(140), $0, $(233), and $0, respectively	497	0	825	0
Total other comprehensive loss	(1,538)	(3,873)	(820)	(13,731)
Comprehensive income	$ 2,467	$ 1,925	$ 11,853	$ 3,537

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax expense (benefit) on unrealized gains arising during the period	$ (575)	$ (1,129)	$ (489)	$ (3,694)
Tax expense (benefit) on reclassification adjustment for net gains on sales realized in net income	1	0	13	(1)
Tax expense (benefit) on reclassification adjustment for transfer to held-to-maturity	(7)	(8)	(19)	293
Tax expense (benefit) on unrealized investment gains (losses)	(566)	(1,121)	(457)	(3,989)
Tax expense (benefit) on unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges	$ (140)	$ 0	$ (233)	$ 0

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	[1]	Common Stock	Surplus	Treasury Stock	Unearned ESOP	Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	[1]	AOCI
Balance beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 165,360			$ 13,070	$ 77,128	$ (8,860)	$ (1,602)	$ 84,916			$ 708
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		17,268							17,268
Other comprehensive loss		(13,731)										(13,731)
Dividends declared		(9,779)							(9,779)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans		(9,173)					(9,173)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises		485			31	454
Stock based compensation expense		731				731
Balance ending of the period at Sep. 30, 2022		151,161			13,101	78,313	(18,033)	(1,602)	92,405			(13,023)
Balance beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 165,360			13,070	77,128	(8,860)	(1,602)	84,916			708
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	[1]	Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]
Balance ending of the period at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 153,280	$ (2,228)		13,156	79,072	(21,821)	(1,403)	95,815	$ (2,228)		(11,539)
Balance beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2022		156,087			13,096	77,824	(11,896)	(1,602)	87,815			(9,150)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		5,798							5,798
Other comprehensive loss		(3,873)										(3,873)
Dividends declared		(1,208)							(1,208)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans		(6,137)					(6,137)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises		117			5	112
Stock based compensation expense		377				377
Balance ending of the period at Sep. 30, 2022		151,161			13,101	78,313	(18,033)	(1,602)	92,405			(13,023)
Balance beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2022		153,280	$ (2,228)		13,156	79,072	(21,821)	(1,403)	95,815	$ (2,228)		(11,539)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		12,673							12,673
Other comprehensive loss		(820)										(820)
Dividends declared		(4,217)							(4,217)
Net purchase of treasury stock through publicly announced plans		(4,258)					(4,258)
Common stock issued through share-based awards and exercises		169			25	144
Stock based compensation expense		515				515
Balance ending of the period at Sep. 30, 2023		155,114			13,181	79,731	(26,079)	(1,403)	102,043			(12,359)
Balance beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2023		153,962			13,181	79,650	(26,079)	(1,403)	99,434			(10,821)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		4,005							4,005
Other comprehensive loss		(1,538)										(1,538)
Dividends declared		(1,396)							(1,396)
Stock based compensation expense		81				81
Balance ending of the period at Sep. 30, 2023		$ 155,114			$ 13,181	$ 79,731	$ (26,079)	$ (1,403)	$ 102,043			$ (12,359)

[1] See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Pronouncements Adopted in 2023" for additional information.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.125	$ 0.10	$ 0.375	$ 0.80
Treasury stock (in shares)		394,838	127,849	589,608

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net income	$ 12,673	$ 17,268
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Loss on sale of investment securities	58	0
Net amortization of investment premiums and discounts and change in fair value of equity securities	1,225	668
Depreciation and amortization (accretion), net	289	(1,343)
Provision for credit losses	2,186	1,743
Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt	56	89
Stock based compensation	515	731
Net change in fair value of derivative instruments	(217)	713
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale	88	1,094
Net change in fair value of loans held for investment	673	2,499
Amortization and net impairment of servicing rights	1,618	1,753
SBA loan income	(3,463)	(3,946)
Proceeds from sale of loans	515,573	863,056
Loans originated for sale	(504,880)	(794,541)
Mortgage banking income	(13,143)	(21,367)
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(1,621)	(999)
Increase in other assets	(4,874)	(1,675)
Earnings from investment in bank owned life insurance	(585)	(413)
(Increase) decrease in deferred income tax	170	(219)
Increase in accrued interest payable	5,425	1,123
Decrease in other liabilities	(778)	(2,579)
Net cash provided by operating activities	10,988	63,655
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls	7,301	8,662
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	13,514	0
Purchases	(12,949)	(22,176)
Activity in held-to-maturity securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls	1,020	540
Purchases	0	(5,500)
Increase in restricted stock	(1,378)	(100)
Net increase in loans	(149,462)	(225,967)
Purchases of premises and equipment	(1,080)	(2,020)
Net cash used in investing activities	(143,034)	(246,561)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	96,166	227,140
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	37,201	(17,886)
Increase in long-term debt	18,676	0
Repayment of subordinated debt	(54)	0
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt	9,740	0
Issuance costs on subordinated debt	(9)	0
Net purchase of treasury stock	(4,258)	(9,173)
Dividends paid	(4,217)	(9,779)
Share based awards and exercises	169	485
Net cash provided by financing activities	153,414	190,787
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	21,368	7,881
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	38,391	23,480
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	59,759	31,361
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest	42,818	8,225
Income taxes	1,839	5,365
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	351	2,955
Net loans sold, not settled	12,820	0
Transfer of securities from AFS to HTM	$ 0	$ 23,655

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses, lending related commitments and the related unfunded commitment reserve, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill, intangible assets, and servicing assets.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the SEC (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022), subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period.

Stock Split

On February 28, 2023, the Corporation approved and declared a two-for-one stock split in the form of a stock dividend, paid March 20, 2023, to shareholders of record as of March 14, 2023. Under the terms of the stock split, the Corporation’s shareholders received a dividend of one share for every share held on the record date. The dividend was paid in authorized but unissued shares of common stock of the Corporation. The par value of the Corporation's stock was not affected by the split and remained at $1.00 per share. All share and per share amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the two-for-one stock split.

Loans

Loans held for investment are recorded at amortized cost, net of ACL. Amortized cost is the amount at which a financial asset is originated or acquired, adjusted for the amortization of premium and discount, net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and write-offs. Interest income on loans is recognized using the level yield method. Loan origination fees, commitment fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the related loans using a level yield method over the period to maturity.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans and Leases

On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ("Topic 326"), which replaced the incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The Corporation now establishes an ACL in accordance with Topic 326. The ACL includes quantitative and qualitative factors that comprise management's current estimate of expected credit losses, including portfolio mix and segmentation, modeling methodology, historical loss experience, relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions, prepayment speeds, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The Corporation's portfolio segments, established based on similar risk characteristics and loss behaviors, are:

• Commercial mortgage, commercial and industrial, construction, SBA loans, and commercial small business leases (commercial loans), and

• Residential, equity secured lines and loans, and installment loans (retail loans).

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term, adjusted for expected prepayments and recoveries. The contractual term excludes any extensions, renewals and modifications unless the Corporation has reasonable expectations at the reporting date that it will result in a modification, or they are not unconditionally cancellable. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

The allowance includes two primary components: (i) an allowance established on loans which share similar risk characteristics collectively evaluated for credit losses (collective basis) and (ii) an allowance established on loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segment and are individually evaluated for credit losses (individual basis).

Loans that share similar risk characteristics are collectively reviewed for credit loss and are evaluated based on historical loss experience, adjusted for current economic conditions and future economic forecasts. Estimated losses are determined differently for commercial and consumer loans, and each portfolio segment is further segmented by internally assessed risk ratings.

Management uses a third-party economic forecast to modify the calculated historical loss rates of the portfolio segments. The Corporation's economic forecast extends out 4 quarters (the forecast period) and reverts to the historical loss rates on a straight-line basis over 1 quarter (the reversion period) as we believe this to be reasonable and supportable in the current environment. The economic forecast and reversion periods will be evaluated periodically by management and updated as appropriate.

The historical loss rates for commercial loans are estimated by determining the PD and expected LGD. The PD is calculated based on the historical rate of migration to an event of credit loss during the look-back period. The historical loss rates for retail loans is calculated based solely on average net loss rates over the same look-back period. The Corporation's current look-back period is 32 quarters which helps to ensure that historical loss rates are adequately considering losses over a full economic cycle.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segments are evaluated on an individual basis. These loans, which may include borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, are not included in the collective basis evaluation. When it is probable that collection of all principal and interest due according to their contractual terms is not likely, which is assessed based on the credit characteristics of the loan and/or payment status, these loans are individually reviewed and measured for potential credit loss.

The amount of the potential credit loss is measured using one of three methods: (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent; or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. If the measured fair value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan, an allowance for credit loss is recorded.

For collateral dependent loans, the expected credit losses at the individual asset level is the difference between the collateral's fair value (less cost to sell) and the amortized cost.

Qualitative adjustment factors consider various internal and external conditions which are allocated among loan segments and take into consideration:

• Current underwriting policies, staff and portfolio concentrations,

• Risk rating accuracy, credit and administration,

• Internal risk emergence (including internal trends of delinquency, portfolio growth, and collateral value), and

• , Competitive environment, as it could impact loan structure and underwriting.

These factors are based on their relative standing compared to the period in which historical losses are used in quantitative reserve estimates and current directional trends, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Qualitative factors in the model can add to or subtract from quantitative reserves.

Loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with individual problem loans. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review our loan ratings and allowance for credit losses and the Bank’s internal loan review department performs loan reviews.

Accrued interest receivable on loans is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For additional detail regarding the allowance for credit losses and the provision for credit losses, see Note 5.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

Past due loans and leases are defined as loans contractually past due 30 - 89 days as to principal or interest payments but which remain in accrual status, or loans delinquent 90 days or more but are considered well secured and in the process of collection.

Nonaccruing loans and leases are those on which the accrual of interest has ceased. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status immediately if, in the opinion of management, collection is doubtful, or when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more and the loan is not well secured and in the process of collection. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed and charged against interest income. In addition, the amortization of net deferred loan fees is suspended when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Subsequent cash receipts are applied either to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal and interest. Loans are returned to accrual status when it is determined that the borrower has the ability to make all principal and interest payments in accordance with the terms of the loan (i.e. a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated).

Unless loans are well-secured and collection is imminent, for loans greater than 90 days past due their respective reserves are generally charged off once the loss has been confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

Securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed on a level yield basis.

Investments in equity securities are recorded in accordance with ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, investments in equity securities consisted of an investment in mutual funds with a fair value of $2.0 million, and $2.1 million, respectively.

The Corporation’s accounting policy specifies that (a) if the Corporation does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When the Corporation does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not, the Corporation will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. The Corporation did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

We follow Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Measured at Amortized Cost, to measure expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by security investment grade. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Corporation classifies the held-to-maturity debt securities into the following major security types: state and municipal securities. These securities are highly rated with a history of no credit losses, and are assigned ratings based on the most recent data from ratings agencies depending on the availability of data for the security. Credit ratings of held-to-maturity debt securities, which are a significant input in calculating the expected credit loss, are reviewed on a quarterly basis.

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

We follow ASC 326-30, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, which provides guidance related to the recognition of and expanded disclosure requirements for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Corporation first evaluates whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security's amortized cost basis is reduced to fair value and recognized as a reduction to Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

For debt securities available-for-sale which the Corporation does not intend to sell, or it is not likely the security would be required to be sold before recovery, we evaluate whether a decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other adverse factors, such as a change in the security's credit rating. In assessing whether a credit loss exists, the Corporation compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is recorded, limited to the fair value of the security.

Management performs this analysis on a quarterly basis to review the conditions and risks associated with the individual securities. Credit losses on an impaired security shall continue to be measured using the present value of expected future cash flows. Any impairment not recorded through an allowance for credit loss is included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of the tax effect. We are required to use our judgment in determining impairment in certain circumstances. For additional detail regarding debt securities, see Note 3.

Unfunded Lending Commitments

For unfunded lending commitments, the Corporation estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. The estimate includes consideration of the probability of default and utilization rate at default to calculate expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life of one year, based on historical losses, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the provision for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposure is included in the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended September 30, 2023, and in other non-interest expense for periods prior to the adoption of ASU-2016-13 on January 1, 2023. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures was $1.0 million and $173 thousand as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Pronouncements Adopted in 2023

FASB ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”

The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, as amended, on January 1, 2023, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, net of fees and costs, securities HTM, unfunded lending commitments (including loan commitments on loans held for investment, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for securities AFS which now requires credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as an other-than-temporary impairment on securities AFS management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

We applied the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and securities AFS. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Corporation recorded a one-time decrease to retained earnings of $2.2 million on January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, net of tax. The transition adjustment includes $1.2 million and $974 thousand post-tax impacts for loans, net of fees and costs and unfunded loan commitments, respectively, due to higher expected credit losses compared to the incurred loss methodology primarily driven by longer duration commercial and consumer real estate loans.

FASB ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”

Issued in April 2019, ASU 2019-04 clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments (addressed by ASUs 2016-13, 2017-12, and 2016-01, respectively). The amendments to estimating expected credit losses (ASU 2016-13), in particular, how a company considers recoveries and extension options when estimating expected credit losses, are the most relevant to the Corporation. The ASU clarifies that (1) the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, including recoveries of amounts expected to be written off and those previously written off, and (2) that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. The Corporation adopted ASU 2019-04 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted.

FASB ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures."

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures." The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted CECL and enhance the disclosure requirements for modifications of receivables made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases in the existing vintage disclosures. The Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted, as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this ASU resulted in updated disclosures within our financial statements but otherwise did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. See Note 5.

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective as of September 30, 2023:

FASB ASU 2020-04 (Topic 848), “Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”

Issued in March 2020, ASU 2020-04 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The Corporation does not have a significant concentration of loans, derivative contracts, borrowings or other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. The Corporation expects to adopt the LIBOR transition relief allowed under this standard.

FASB ASU 2020-06, “Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”

This ASU clarifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature models. For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer (excluding smaller reporting entities), the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2021, and interim periods within. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2023, and interim periods within. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2020. The Corporation does not expect this to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2023-02, "Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323) Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method"

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method to allow reporting entities to consistently account for equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. If certain conditions are met,

a reporting entity may elect to account for its tax equity investments by using the proportional amortization method regardless of the program from which it receives income tax credits, instead of only LIHTC structures. This amendment also eliminates certain LIHTC specific guidance aligning the accounting with other equity investments in tax credit structures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-02 and do not expect them to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings per Common Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period reduced by unearned ESOP Plan shares and treasury shares. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and if restricted stock awards were vested, and SERP plan liabilities were satisfied with common shares. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4,005	$	5,798	$	12,673	$	17,268
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	11,228		11,936		11,307		12,076
Average unearned ESOP shares	(170)		(200)		(178)		(148)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding	11,058		11,736		11,129		11,928
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options	119		232		149		274
Dilutive effects of SERP shares	186		150		171		142
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding	11,363		12,118		11,449		12,344
Basic earnings per share	$	0.36	$	0.49	$	1.14	$	1.45
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.35	$	0.48	$	1.11	$	1.40
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share	490		474		490		472

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Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Securities

Securities

The following tables presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of securities at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,580	$	98	$	(202)	$	—	$	11,476	9
U.S. government agency MBS	11,744		—		(610)		—		11,134		13
U.S. government agency CMO	22,226		—		(2,854)		—		19,372		30
State and municipal securities	40,275		—		(6,890)		—		33,385		31
U.S. Treasuries	32,982		—		(3,453)		—		29,529		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	11,007		1		(788)		—		10,220		13
Corporate bonds	8,200		—		(1,098)		—		7,102		13
Total securities available-for-sale	$	138,014	$	99	$	(15,895)	$	—	$	122,218	134
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,581	$	14	$	(314)	$	15,281	12
U.S. government agency MBS	12,272		5		(538)		11,739		12
U.S. government agency CMO	25,520		40		(2,242)		23,318		29
State and municipal securities	44,700		—		(5,862)		38,838		34
U.S. Treasuries	32,980		—		(3,457)		29,523		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,722		—		(633)		9,089		11
Corporate bonds	8,201		—		(643)		7,558		12
Total securities available-for-sale	$	148,976	$	59	$	(13,689)	$	135,346	135
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	37,479	$	—	$	(4,394)	$	33,085	25

Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, no securities are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

ACL on Securities AFS and HTM

We use credit ratings quarterly and the most recent financial information of securities' issuers annually to help evaluate the credit quality of our securities AFS and HTM portfolios on a quarterly basis. The securities portfolio consists primarily of U.S. government treasuries and U.S. government agency asset backed securities which have no probability of default. The remaining portfolio consists of highly rated municipal bonds, non-agency CMO, and corporate bonds that have a low probability of default.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had no significant ACL or provision expense and no charge-offs or recoveries on AFS or HTM securities.

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	1,345	$	—	$	6,489	$	(202)	$	7,834	$	(202)
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	3,092		(32)		8,042		(578)		11,134		(610)
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	2,728		(76)		16,644		(2,778)		19,372		(2,854)
State and municipal securities	—		—		33,385		(6,890)		33,385		(6,890)
U.S. Treasuries	—		—		29,529		(3,453)		29,529		(3,453)
Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	3,229		(22)		6,400		(766)		9,629		(788)
Corporate bonds	907		(93)		6,195		(1,005)		7,102		(1,098)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	11,301	$	(223)	$	106,684	$	(15,672)	$	117,985	$	(15,895)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	6,531	$	(80)	$	4,863	$	(234)	$	11,394	$	(314)
U.S. government agency MBS	6,022		(230)		4,637		(308)		10,659		(538)
U.S. government agency CMO	9,859		(821)		9,549		(1,421)		19,408		(2,242)
State and municipal securities	7,487		(726)		31,351		(5,136)		38,838		(5,862)
U.S. Treasuries	1,902		(97)		27,622		(3,360)		29,524		(3,457)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	8,423		(464)		666		(169)		9,089		(633)
Corporate bonds	5,019		(431)		1,538		(212)		6,557		(643)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	45,243	$	(2,849)	$	80,226	$	(10,840)	$	125,469	$	(13,689)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities are shown below by contractual maturities at the dates indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	September 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity				Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	30,793		27,666		4,226		4,147		18,865		17,289		4,275		4,238
Due after five years through ten years	19,161		17,047		2,901		2,326		28,647		25,459		2,998		2,683
Due after ten years	43,083		36,780		29,105		24,192		53,950		48,453		30,206		26,164
Subtotal	93,037		81,493		36,232		30,665		101,462		91,201		37,479		33,085
Mortgage-related securities	44,977		40,725		—		—		47,514		44,145		—		—
Total	$	138,014	$	122,218	$	36,232	$	30,665	$	148,976	$	135,346	$	37,479	$	33,085

The following table presents the gross loss on sale of investment securities available for sale on the dates indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	$	155	$	—	$	13,514	$	—
Gross gain on sale of available for sale investments	—		—		—		—
Gross loss on sale of available for sale investments	3		—		58		—

Pledged Securities

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities having a fair value of $51.8 million and $78.4 million, respectively, were specifically pledged as collateral for public funds, the FRB discount window program, FHLB borrowings and other purposes. The FHLB has a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans and Other Finance Receivables

Loans and Other Finance Receivables

The following table presents loans and other finance receivables detailed by category at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	$	696,124	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	73,844		59,399
Residential mortgage	256,343		221,837
Construction	276,590		271,955
Total real estate loans	1,302,901		1,118,591
Commercial and industrial	299,861		341,378
Small business loans	141,265		136,155
Consumer	434		488
Leases, net	138,963		138,986
Total loans	$	1,883,424	$	1,735,598
Balances included in loans, net of fees and costs:
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$	13,231	$	14,502
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost	16,508		16,930
Unearned lease income included in leases, net	(22,385)		(25,715)
Unamortized net deferred loan origination costs	$	2,205	$	8,084

Fair Value Option for Residential Mortgage Real Estate Loans

Residential mortgage real estate loans that were originated by the Corporation and intended for sale in the secondary market to permanent investors, but were either repurchased or unsalable due to defect, and that the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are carried at fair value pursuant to the Corporation's election of the fair value option for these loans. The remaining loans, net of fees and costs are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of deferred fees or costs, since the original intent for these loans was to hold them until payoff or maturity.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loans at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	574	$	—	$	574	$	695,550	$	696,124	$	—	$	696,124	0.08	%
Home equity lines and loans	216		—		216		72,699		72,915		929		73,844		1.55
Residential mortgage (1)	5,525		—		5,525		247,721		253,246		3,097		256,343		3.36
Construction	—		—		—		275,384		275,384		1,206		276,590		0.44
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		284,286		284,286		15,575		299,861		5.19
Small business loans	1,842		—		1,842		132,186		134,028		7,237		141,265		6.43
Consumer	—		—		—		434		434		—		434		—
Leases, net	2,346		—		2,346		135,550		137,896		1,067		138,963		2.46	%
Total	$	10,503	$	—	$	10,503	$	1,843,810	$	1,854,313	$	29,111	$	1,883,424	2.10	%

(1) Includes $13,231 of loans at fair value of which $12,108 are current, $376 are 30-89 days past due and $747 are nonaccrual.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	565,260	$	565,260	$	140	$	565,400	0.02	%
Home equity lines and loans	146		—		146		58,156		58,302		1,097		59,399		2.09
Residential mortgage (1)	4,262		—		4,262		215,490		219,752		2,085		221,837		2.86
Construction	1,206		—		1,206		270,749		271,955		—		271,955		0.44
Commercial and industrial	101		—		101		328,730		328,831		12,547		341,378		3.70
Small business loans	939		—		939		130,751		131,690		4,465		136,155		3.97
Consumer	—		—		—		488		488		—		488		—
Leases, net	1,173		—		1,173		136,911		138,084		902		138,986		1.49	%
Total	$	7,827	$	—	$	7,827	$	1,706,535	$	1,714,362	$	21,236	$	1,735,598	1.67	%

(1) Includes $14,502 of loans at fair value of which $13,760 are current, $184 are 30-89 days past due and $558 are nonaccrual.

Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets

At September 30, 2023, there were 4 consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties (included in loans, net of fees and costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) totaling $937 thousand for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Risks and Uncertainties

We have no particular credit concentration. Our commercial loans have been proactively managed in an effort to achieve a balanced portfolio with no unusual exposure to one industry. Additionally, most of our lending activity occurs within our primary market areas which are concentrated in southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland as well as other contiguous markets and represents a geographic concentration. Additionally, our loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial loans. Commercial loans are generally viewed as having more inherent risk of default than residential real estate loans or other consumer loans. Also, the commercial loan balance per borrower is typically larger than that for residential real estate loans and consumer loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual loan basis.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Status

The following table presents the amortized costs basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, net of fees and costs as of September 30, 2023. As of this date here were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual Without ACL		Nonaccrual With ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	3,346		12,229		15,575
Small business loans	3,457		3,780		7,237
Leases, net	1,067		—		1,067
Total	$	13,102	$	16,009	$	29,111

Collateral-dependent Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of non-accruing collateral-dependent loans by class or loans as of September 30, 2023 under the current expected credit loss model:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Equipment and Other		Total
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	1,893		13,682		15,575
Small business loans	5,347		1,890		7,237
Leases, net	—		1,067		1,067
Total	$	12,472	$	16,639	$	29,111

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Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the

contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

Roll-Forward of ACL by Portfolio Segment

The following tables provide the activity of our allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326 (as adopted on January 1, 2023):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	3,249	$	—	$	—	$	916	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	790				2		153		945
Residential mortgage	1,047		—		—		157		1,204
Construction	1,294		—		—		(453)		841
Commercial and industrial	2,241		(130)		1		267		2,379
Small business loans	6,868		(272)		1		(511)		6,086
Consumer	—		(1)		1		—		—
Leases	4,753		(606)		90		(174)		4,063
Total	$	20,242	$	(1,009)	$	95	$	355	$	19,683

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance, prior to adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,095	$	(526)	$	—	$	—	$	596	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	188		439		(87)		5		400		945
Residential mortgage	948		17		—		—		239		1,204
Construction	3,075		(1,763)		—		—		(471)		841
Commercial and industrial	4,012		(1,023)		(130)		57		(537)		2,379
Small business loans	4,909		1,110		(598)		1		664		6,086
Consumer	3		(3)		(1)		3		(2)		—
Leases	1,598		3,345		(2,845)		242		1,723		4,063
Total	$	18,828	$	1,596	$	(3,661)	$	308	$	2,612	$	19,683

The following tables provide the activity of the allowance for loan and lease losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 under the incurred loss model:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,327	$	—	$	—	$	(238)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	240		(12)		34		(25)		237
Residential mortgage	489		—		—		217		706
Construction	2,481		—		—		378		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,287		—		39		(657)		5,669
Small business loans	3,681		—		—		319		4,000
Consumer	3		—		1		(1)		3
Leases	1,297		(419)		—		533		1,411
Total	$	18,805	$	(431)	$	74	$	526	$	18,974

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,950	$	—	$	—	$	(861)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	224		(12)		42		(17)		237
Residential mortgage	283		—		2		421		706
Construction	2,042		—		—		817		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,533		—		58		(922)		5,669
Small business loans	3,737		—		—		263		4,000
Consumer	3		—		3		(3)		3
Leases	986		(1,682)		62		2,045		1,411
Total	$	18,758	$	(1,694)	$	167	$	1,743	$	18,974

Reconciliation of Provision for Credit Losses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Provision for credit losses - funded	$	355	$	526	$	2,612	$	1,743
Recovery of provision for credit losses - unfunded	(273)		—		(426)		—
Total provision for credit losses	$	82	$	526	$	2,186	$	1,743

Allowance Allocated by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the allocation of the ACL and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Allowance for credit losses						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,165	$	4,165	$	—	$	696,124	$	696,124
Home equity lines and loans	—		945		945		929		72,915		73,844
Residential mortgage	—		1,204		1,204		2,164		240,948		243,112
Construction	—		841		841		1,206		275,384		276,590
Commercial and industrial	1,145		1,234		2,379		15,575		284,286		299,861
Small business loans	1,393		4,693		6,086		7,237		134,028		141,265
Consumer	—		—		—		—		434		434
Leases, net	—		4,063		4,063		1,067		137,896		138,963
Total (1)	$	2,538	$	17,145	$	19,683	$	28,178	$	1,842,015	$	1,870,193

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

The following table details the pre-CECL allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
	Allowance on loans and leases						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,095	$	4,095	$	2,445	$	562,955	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	—		188		188		1,097		58,302		59,399
Residential mortgage	—		948		948		1,454		205,881		207,335
Construction	—		3,075		3,075		1,206		270,749		271,955
Commercial and industrial	776		3,236		4,012		12,547		328,831		341,378
Small business loans	1,449		3,460		4,909		4,527		131,628		136,155
Consumer	—		3		3		—		488		488
Leases, net	—		1,598		1,598		902		138,084		138,986
Total (1)	$	2,225	$	16,603	$	18,828	$	24,178	$	1,696,918	$	1,721,096

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the process of determining the ACL to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, Management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by Management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows:

•Pass – Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.

•Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

•Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.

The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to

determine the allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Commercial mortgage
Pass/Watch	$	82,314	$	137,909	$	161,963	$	96,103	$	51,149	$	136,069	$	511	$	426	$	666,444
Special Mention	—		4,625		—		—		9,291		10,060		667		—		24,643
Substandard	200		—		574		—		1,648		2,287		—		328		5,037
Total	$	82,514	$	142,534	$	162,537	$	96,103	$	62,088	$	148,416	$	1,178	$	754	$	696,124
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Construction
Pass/Watch	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	29,115	$	47,458	$	4,548	$	2,120	$	123	$	24,083	$	262,718
Special Mention	—		—		1,084		—		511		8,934		—		2,137		12,666
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		1,206		—		—		1,206
Total	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	30,199	$	47,458	$	5,059	$	12,260	$	123	$	26,220	$	276,590
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch	$	18,566	$	35,631	$	26,734	$	8,891	$	4,579	$	37,658	$	—	$	126,466	$	258,525
Special Mention	1,000		4,766		—		—		—		1,665		—		2,816		10,247
Substandard	—		—		2,906		—		300		9,730		—		18,153		31,089
Total	$	19,566	$	40,397	$	29,640	$	8,891	$	4,879	$	49,053	$	—	$	147,435	$	299,861
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(130)
Small business loans
Pass/Watch	$	39,356	$	19,977	$	39,053	$	13,148	$	6,996	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,102	$	132,650
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		100		100
Substandard	—		673		5,038		1,914		890		—		—		—		8,515
Total	$	39,356	$	20,650	$	44,091	$	15,062	$	7,886	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,202	$	141,265
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(411)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(598)
Total by risk rating
Pass/Watch	$	193,731	$	295,293	$	256,865	$	165,600	$	67,272	$	176,865	$	634	$	164,077	$	1,320,337
Special Mention	1,000		9,391		1,084		—		9,802		20,659		667		5,053		47,656
Substandard	200		673		8,518		1,914		2,838		13,223		—		18,481		45,847
Total	$	194,931	$	305,357	$	266,467	$	167,514	$	79,912	$	210,747	$	1,301	$	187,611	$	1,413,840
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(413)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(728)

The Corporation had no loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2023.

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	66,721	$	72,915
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		929		929
Total	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	67,650	$	73,844
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(54)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(87)
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	11,408	$	—	$	241,390
Nonperforming	—		—		—				—		1,722		—		1,722
Total	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	13,130	$	—	$	243,112
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer
Performing	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Leases, net
Performing	$	25,583	$	64,581	$	35,930	$	11,802	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	137,896
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		—		—		1,067
Total	$	25,583	$	65,080	$	36,315	$	11,985	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,963
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,438)	$	(1,268)	$	(136)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,845)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing	$	68,277	$	223,017	$	58,215	$	19,514	$	2,784	$	14,031	$	66,797	$	452,635
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		1,722		929		3,718
Total	$	68,277	$	223,516	$	58,600	$	19,697	$	2,784	$	15,753	$	67,726	$	456,353
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,439)	$	(1,268)	$	(190)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(2,933)
(1) Excludes $14,403 of loans at fair value.

Commercial and industrial loans classified as substandard totaled $31.1 million as of September 30, 2023, a decrease of $8.2 million, from $39.3 million as of December 31, 2022. This decrease was the result of the payoff of one credit in the amount of $3 million, combined with the upgrade of several loan relationships that make up the remainder of the decrease. The majority of commercial and industrial substandard loans is comprised of 15 different loan relationships with no specific industry concentration and an $11.0 million commercial loan relationship in the advertising industry that became a non-performing loan relationship late in 2021.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	536,705	$	25,309	$	3,386	$	—	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	57,822		—		1,577		—		59,399
Construction	260,085		11,870		—		—		271,955
Commercial and industrial	295,502		6,587		39,289		—		341,378
Small business loans	131,690		—		4,465		—		136,155
Total	$	1,281,804	$	43,766	$	48,717	$	—	$	1,374,287

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Performing		Non- performing		Total
Residential mortgage (1)	$	205,881	$	1,454	$	207,335
Consumer	488		—		488
Leases, net	138,084		902		138,986
Total	$	344,453	$	2,356	$	346,809

(1) There were four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2023 and four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2022 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $550 thousand and $558 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above.

Impaired Loans

The following table details the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related Allowance and interest income recognized at the dates indicated.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Recorded investment		Principal balance		Related allowance
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	11,099	$	12,095	$	776
Small business loans	3,730		3,730		1,449
Total	$	14,829	$	15,825	$	2,225
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	$	2,445	$	2,456	$	—
Commercial and industrial	1,448		1,494		—
Small business loans	797		797		—
Home equity lines and loans	1,097		1,097		—
Residential mortgage	1,454		1,454		—
Construction	1,206		1,206		—
Leases	902		902		—
Total	9,349		9,406		—
Grand Total	$	24,178	$	25,231	$	2,225

The following table details the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on individually evaluated loans by portfolio segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
Individually evaluated loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	16,195	$	—	$	16,363	$	—
Small business loans	666		—		666		—
Total	$	16,861	$	—	$	17,029	$	—
Individually evaluated loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	4,212		29		4,257		77
Commercial and industrial	286		—		293		—
Small business loans	819		2		835		7
Home equity lines and loans	878		15		878		39
Residential mortgage	1,468		22		1,478		190
Construction	1,206		20		1,206		51
Leases	500		—		510		—
Total	$	9,369	$	88	$	9,457	$	364
Grand Total	$	26,230	$	88	$	26,486	$	364

Troubled Debt Restructuring

As result of the adoption of guidance related to CECL effective as of January 1, 2023, the Corporation had no reportable balances related to TDRs as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

The following table presents information about TDRs at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2022
TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases	$	207
TDRs in compliance with modified terms	3,573
Total TDRs	$	3,780

There was 1 new modification on a commercial mortgage for $684 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. Total TDRs declined year-over-year, despite the new modification in 2022, as two TDRs from prior to 2021 totaling $563 thousand paid off in 2022. No modifications granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 subsequently defaulted during the same time period.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the ACL on loans and leases, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. However, when principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the ACL on loans and leases. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Total	3	$	1,517		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Total	2	$	306		$	77

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Commercial & industrial	1	2,407		0.8%	—
Total	4	$	3,924		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Commercial & industrial	1	1,406		0.5%	422
Total	3	$	1,712		$	499

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Number of Loans
		Financial Effect
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	Extend maturity date
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend maturity date
Total	4
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Total	3

There were 5 modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2023. There were no loans that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long -Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

The Corporation’s short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings extended under agreements with the FHLB or other correspondent banks. The Corporation has one unsecured Federal funds borrowing facility with a correspondent bank for up to $15 million. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings. The Corporation had $0 in Federal funds purchased at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve Bank discount window of $7.7 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities. There were no borrowings under this at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Corporation has a facility with the Federal Reserve’s BTFP of $33 million. This facility was created by the Federal Reserve in March 2023 and is fully secured by United States Treasury Bonds. There were $33 million in borrowings under this facility at September 30, 2023.

The following table presents short-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Open Repo Plus Weekly	06/10/2024	5.68%	$	117,348	$	113,147
FRB BTFP Advances	03/29/2024	4.76%	33,000		—
Total Short-Term Borrowings			$	150,348	$	113,147

The following table presents long-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	12/22/2025	4.23%	$	8,935	$	8,935
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	9/30/2024	4.60%	3,432		—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	7/14/2026	4.57%	15,244		—
Total Long-Term Borrowings			$	27,611	$	8,935

The FHLB has also issued $112.7 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire throughout the remainder of 2023 and through 2024.

The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $637.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and $505.4 million as of December 31, 2022. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

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Servicing Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Servicing Assets

Servicing Assets

The Corporation sells certain residential mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans to third parties and retains servicing rights and receives servicing fees. All such transfers are accounted for as sales. When the Corporation sells a residential mortgage loan, it does not retain any portion of that loan and its continuing involvement in such transfers is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. While the Corporation may retain a portion of certain sold SBA loans, its continuing involvement in the portion of the loan that was sold is limited to certain servicing responsibilities. When the contractual servicing fees on loans sold with servicing retained are expected to be more than adequate compensation to a servicer for performing the servicing, a capitalized servicing asset is recognized.

Residential Mortgage Loans

The related MSR asset is amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the MSR. The Corporation serviced $1.0 billion of residential mortgage loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Corporation recognized servicing fee income of $612 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively, compared to $643 thousand and $1.9 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	9,238	$	10,610	$	9,942	$	10,756
Servicing rights capitalized	9		65		9		648
Amortization of servicing rights	(319)		(356)		(1,025)		(1,092)
Change in valuation allowance	—		(4)		2		3
Balance at end of the period	$	8,928	$	10,315	$	8,928	$	10,315

Activity in the valuation allowance for MSRs was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(2)	$	(8)
Impairment	—		(4)		—		(4)
Recovery	—		—		2		7
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions include prepayment speeds and discount rates. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 8.73% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. At December 31, 2022, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s MSRs included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 8.05% and a discount rate equal to 9.50%. Due in part to market volatility as interest rates increased, the prepayment speed assumption has decreased from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023. As interest rates have started to increase and the number of mortgage refinancings have started to decline, model inputs have been adjusted to align the MSRs fair value with market conditions.

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights	$	11,977		$	11,567
Weighted average life (months)	28			22
Prepayment speed	8.73		%	8.05		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(512)		$	(268)
20% adverse change	(986)			(525)
Discount rate	9.50		%	9.50		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(460)		$	(404)
20% adverse change	(889)			(777)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a articular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

SBA Loans

SBA loan servicing assets are amortized over the period of the estimated future net servicing life of the underlying assets. SBA loan servicing assets are evaluated quarterly for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. Impairment is recognized on the income statement to the extent the fair value is less than the capitalized amount of the SBA loan

servicing asset. The Corporation serviced $211.1 million and $166.1 million of SBA loans, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	2,955	$	2,250	$	2,404	$	2,009
Servicing rights capitalized	373		306		1,099		1,146
Amortization of servicing rights	(243)		(173)		(690)		(523)
Change in valuation allowance	(178)		109		94		(140)
Balance at end of the period	$	2,907	$	2,492	$	2,907	$	2,492

Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	(92)	$	(345)	$	(364)	$	(96)
Impairment	(178)		—		(178)		(280)
Recovery	—		109		272		140
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	(270)	$	(236)	$	(270)	$	(236)

The Corporation uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of SBA loan servicing rights. These assumptions include prepayment speeds, discount rates, and other assumptions. The assumptions used in the valuation were based on input from buyers, brokers and other qualified personnel, as well as market knowledge. At September 30, 2023, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 13.79% and a discount rate equal to 17.06%. At December 31, 2022, the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Corporation’s SBA loan servicing rights included a lifetime constant prepayment rate equal to 12.73% and a discount rate equal to 18.96%.

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights	$	3,009		$	2,422
Weighted average life (years)	3.5			3.8
Prepayment speed	13.79		%	12.73		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(102)		$	(73)
20% adverse change	(196)			(141)
Discount rate	17.06		%	18.96		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(64)		$	(53)
20% adverse change	(125)			(104)

The sensitivity calculations above are hypothetical and should not be considered to be predictive of future performance. As indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of an adverse variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the SBA servicing rights is calculated without changing any other assumption; while in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or counteract the effect of the change.

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.

Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair values of forward commitments and interest rate swaps are based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,476	$	—	$	11,476	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,134		—		11,134		—
U.S. government agency CMO	19,372		—		19,372		—

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
State and municipal securities	33,385		—		33,385		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,529		29,529		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	10,220		—		10,220
Corporate bonds	7,102		—		7,102		—
Equity investments	2,019		—		2,019		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144		—		23,144		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231		—		13,231		—
Interest rate lock commitments	229		—		—		229
Forward commitments	50		—		50		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,387		—		4,387		—
Interest rate swaps	1,023		—		1,023		—
Total	$	166,303	$	29,529	$	136,545	$	229
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	83	$	—	$	—	$	83
Forward commitments	—		—		—		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,321		—		4,321		—
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		6		—
Total	$	4,410	$	—	$	4,327	$	83

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,281	$	—	$	15,281	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,739		—		11,739		—
U.S. government agency CMO	23,318		—		23,318		—
State and municipal securities	38,838		—		38,838		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,523		29,523		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,089		—		9,089		—
Corporate bonds	7,558		—		7,558		—
Equity investments	2,086		—		2,086		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	22,243		—		22,243		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	14,502		—		14,502		—
Interest rate lock commitments	87		—		—		87
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,846		—		3,846		—
Total	$	178,110	$	29,523	$	148,500	$	87
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	79	$	—	$	—	$	79
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,799		—		3,799		—
Risk Participation Agreements	17		—		17		—
Total	$	3,895	$	—	$	3,816	$	79

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights	$	8,928	$	9,942
SBA loan servicing rights	2,907		2,404
Individually evaluated loans (1)
Commercial and industrial	12,371		—
Small business loans	2,456		2,281
Total	$	26,662	$	14,627

(1) Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. The increase in individually evaluated commercial and industrial loans noted above was due to reassessing how we evaluate the impairment on a loan relationship to now be based on the fair value of collateral.

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 individually evaluated loans.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs
September 30, 2023	$	14,827	Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-33% discount
December 31, 2022	2,281		Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-15% discount

Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.

Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is reflective of an exit price.

Servicing Assets

The Corporation estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights and SBA loan servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the interest rates of the portfolios serviced. These servicing rights are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy based upon management’s assessment of the inputs. The Corporation reviews the servicing rights portfolios on a quarterly basis for impairment.

Individually Evaluated Loans

Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third‑party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the Allowance policy.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

Deposit Liabilities

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings

The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.

Long-Term Debt

Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

Subordinated Debt

Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	59,759	$	59,759	$	38,391	$	38,391
Mortgage loans held for sale	Level 2	23,144		23,144		22,243		22,243
Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses	Level 3	1,872,398		1,827,125		1,729,180		1,679,955
Mortgage loans held for investment	Level 2	13,231		13,231		14,502		14,502
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Level 2	1,808,645		1,780,200		1,712,479		1,575,600

Borrowings	Level 2	177,959	179,000	122,082	122,082
Subordinated debentures	Level 2	50,079	50,218	40,346	40,020

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	261	$	374	$	87	$	1,122
(Decrease) increase in value	(32)		(237)		142		(985)
Balance at end of the period	$	229	$	137	$	229	$	137

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
September 30, 2023	$	229	Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.12%
December 31, 2022	87		Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.05

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Derivative Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s loan portfolio.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Corporation uses interest rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation’s credit exposure on interest rate swaps includes changes in fair value and any collateral that is held by a third party.

In June 2023, the Corporation entered into three interest rate swaps classified as cash flow hedges with notional amounts of $25 million each, to hedge the interest payments received on short term borrowings. Under the terms of the three swap agreements, the Corporation pays average fixed rates of 4.070%, 4.027% and 4.117%, and receives variable rates in return indexed to SOFR. The swaps mature between May, June, and December 2026. The Corporation performed an assessment of the hedge for effectiveness at the inception of the hedge and performs an assessment on a recurring basis and determined that the derivative currently is and is expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $497 thousand and $825 thousand respectively, net of tax, is recorded in total comprehensive income as unrealized gains. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations and the addition of other hedges subsequent to September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the combined notional amount of the interest rate swaps was $75 million and the fair value was an asset of $1.0 million.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation may enter into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income.

Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa. The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged

by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

The following table presents a summary of notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Line Item	Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value		Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	40,015	$	229	$	16,590	$	87
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	21,260		(83)		16,108		(79)
Total		$	61,275	$	146	$	32,698	$	8
Forward Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	46,337	$	4,387	$	43,779	$	3,846
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	46,337		(4,321)		43,779		(3,799)
Total		$	92,674	$	66	$	87,558	$	47
Risk Participation Agreements
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	7,111		(6)		7,200		(17)
Total		$	7,111	$	(6)	$	7,200	$	(17)
Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Total derivative financial instruments		$	242,810	$	1,279	$	127,456	$	38

Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and (losses) on derivative financial instruments:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest Rate Lock Commitments	$	29	$	(405)	$	138	$	(1,380)
Forward Commitments	37		485		50		516
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps	33		47		19		151
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		11		—
Interest Rate Swaps	588		—		1,023		—
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	$	693	$	127	$	1,241	$	(713)

Net realized gains on derivative hedging activities were $82 thousand and $81 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and net realized gains on derivative hedging activities were $399 thousand and $4.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and are included in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.

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Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments

Segments

ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.

Our Banking segment (“Bank”) consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income, title insurance fees, and other less significant non-interest income.

Meridian Wealth (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.

Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of 12 loan production offices throughout suburban Philadelphia and Maryland. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells nearly all of its production to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates and holds temporarily, then earns fee income (primarily gain on sales) at the time of the sale. The unit also recognizes income from document preparation fees, changes in portfolio pipeline fair values and net hedging gains (losses), if any.

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which have been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.

	Segment Information
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023								Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	17,205	$	(15)	$	34	$	17,224	$	17,664	$	218	$	144	$	18,026
Provision for credit losses	82		—		—		82		526		—		—		526
Net interest income after provision	17,123		(15)		34		17,142		17,138		218		144		17,500
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	80		—		4,739		4,819		72		—		7,257		7,329
Wealth management income	—		1,258		—		1,258		—		1,114		—		1,114
SBA loan income	982		—		—		982		989		—		—		989
Net change in fair values	38		—		(394)		(356)		47		—		(1,043)		(996)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		82		82		—		—		399		399
Other	658		—		643		1,301		622		—		767		1,389
Non-interest income	1,758		1,258		5,070		8,086		1,730		1,114		7,380		10,224
Non-interest expense	12,564		826		6,628		20,018		11,354		780		8,127		20,261
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	6,317	$	417	$	(1,524)	$	5,210	$	7,514	$	552	$	(603)	$	7,463
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

	Segment Information
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	51,928	$	(12)	$	85	$	52,001	$	50,197	$	628	$	785	$	51,610
Provision for credit losses	2,186		—		—		2,186		1,743		—		—		1,743
Net interest income after provision	49,742		(12)		85		49,815		48,454		628		785		49,867
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	221		—		12,922		13,143		394		—		20,973		21,367
Wealth management income	—		3,689		—		3,689		—		3,672		—		3,672
SBA loan income	3,463		—		—		3,463		3,946		—		—		3,946
Net change in fair values	30		—		(574)		(544)		151		—		(4,457)		(4,306)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		81		81		—		—		4,941		4,941
Other	1,982		—		2,034		4,016		1,776		(1)		2,333		4,108
Non-interest income	5,696		3,689		14,463		23,848		6,267		3,671		23,790		33,728
Non-interest expense	35,608		2,704		19,110		57,422		32,186		2,480		26,734		61,400
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	19,830	$	973	$	(4,562)	$	16,241	$	22,535	$	1,819	$	(2,159)	$	22,195
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

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Subordinated Debentures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subordinated Borrowings [Abstract]

Subordinated Debentures

Subordinated Debentures

In September, Meridian Corporation raised $9.7 million in subordinated debt at 8.00% with a term of 10 years, the 2023 Debentures. The issuance of this subordinated debt improved tier 2 capital, as well as tangible book value of the Corporation. The funds will be used for general corporate purposes, including providing capital to the Corporation's bank subsidiary, Meridian Bank, and supporting organic growth. The subordinated debt also helped to improve Meridian Bank's tier 1 capital.

The following table presents subordinated debentures at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2023 Debentures	8/31/2033	8.00%	$	9,740	$	—
2019 Debentures	12/30/2029	5.38%	40,000		40,000
2013 Debentures	12/31/2028	6.50%	596		653
2011 Debentures	12/31/2026	6.00%	463		463
2008 Debentures	12/18/2023	6.00%	56		56
Debt Origination Costs			(776)		(826)
Total Subordinated Debentures			$	50,079	$	40,346

The Corporation issued the 2023 and 2019 Debentures, while the Bank issued the 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures. Upon formation of the bank holding company, the Corporation assumed the 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures.

Interest is paid semi-annually on the 2023 and 2019 Debentures, and paid quarterly on the 2013, 2011 and 2008 debentures. The 2013, 2011 and 2008 Debentures are includable as Tier 2 capital for determining the Bank’s compliance with regulatory capital requirements. The 2019 and 2023 Debentures are included as Tier 2 capital for the Corporation and as Tier 1 capital for the Bank.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for credit losses, lending related commitments and the related unfunded commitment reserve, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill, intangible assets, and servicing assets.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the SEC (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022), subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period.

Stock Split

Stock Split

On February 28, 2023, the Corporation approved and declared a two-for-one stock split in the form of a stock dividend, paid March 20, 2023, to shareholders of record as of March 14, 2023. Under the terms of the stock split, the Corporation’s shareholders received a dividend of one share for every share held on the record date. The dividend was paid in authorized but unissued shares of common stock of the Corporation. The par value of the Corporation's stock was not affected by the split and remained at $1.00 per share. All share and per share amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the two-for-one stock split.

Loans

Loans

Loans held for investment are recorded at amortized cost, net of ACL. Amortized cost is the amount at which a financial asset is originated or acquired, adjusted for the amortization of premium and discount, net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and write-offs. Interest income on loans is recognized using the level yield method. Loan origination fees, commitment fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the related loans using a level yield method over the period to maturity.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans and Leases

On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ("Topic 326"), which replaced the incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The Corporation now establishes an ACL in accordance with Topic 326. The ACL includes quantitative and qualitative factors that comprise management's current estimate of expected credit losses, including portfolio mix and segmentation, modeling methodology, historical loss experience, relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions, prepayment speeds, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The Corporation's portfolio segments, established based on similar risk characteristics and loss behaviors, are:

• Commercial mortgage, commercial and industrial, construction, SBA loans, and commercial small business leases (commercial loans), and

• Residential, equity secured lines and loans, and installment loans (retail loans).

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term, adjusted for expected prepayments and recoveries. The contractual term excludes any extensions, renewals and modifications unless the Corporation has reasonable expectations at the reporting date that it will result in a modification, or they are not unconditionally cancellable. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off.

The allowance includes two primary components: (i) an allowance established on loans which share similar risk characteristics collectively evaluated for credit losses (collective basis) and (ii) an allowance established on loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segment and are individually evaluated for credit losses (individual basis).

Loans that share similar risk characteristics are collectively reviewed for credit loss and are evaluated based on historical loss experience, adjusted for current economic conditions and future economic forecasts. Estimated losses are determined differently for commercial and consumer loans, and each portfolio segment is further segmented by internally assessed risk ratings.

Management uses a third-party economic forecast to modify the calculated historical loss rates of the portfolio segments. The Corporation's economic forecast extends out 4 quarters (the forecast period) and reverts to the historical loss rates on a straight-line basis over 1 quarter (the reversion period) as we believe this to be reasonable and supportable in the current environment. The economic forecast and reversion periods will be evaluated periodically by management and updated as appropriate.

The historical loss rates for commercial loans are estimated by determining the PD and expected LGD. The PD is calculated based on the historical rate of migration to an event of credit loss during the look-back period. The historical loss rates for retail loans is calculated based solely on average net loss rates over the same look-back period. The Corporation's current look-back period is 32 quarters which helps to ensure that historical loss rates are adequately considering losses over a full economic cycle.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with any loan segments are evaluated on an individual basis. These loans, which may include borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, are not included in the collective basis evaluation. When it is probable that collection of all principal and interest due according to their contractual terms is not likely, which is assessed based on the credit characteristics of the loan and/or payment status, these loans are individually reviewed and measured for potential credit loss.

The amount of the potential credit loss is measured using one of three methods: (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (ii) the fair value of collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent; or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. If the measured fair value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan, an allowance for credit loss is recorded.

For collateral dependent loans, the expected credit losses at the individual asset level is the difference between the collateral's fair value (less cost to sell) and the amortized cost.

Qualitative adjustment factors consider various internal and external conditions which are allocated among loan segments and take into consideration:

• Current underwriting policies, staff and portfolio concentrations,

• Risk rating accuracy, credit and administration,

• Internal risk emergence (including internal trends of delinquency, portfolio growth, and collateral value), and

• , Competitive environment, as it could impact loan structure and underwriting.

These factors are based on their relative standing compared to the period in which historical losses are used in quantitative reserve estimates and current directional trends, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Qualitative factors in the model can add to or subtract from quantitative reserves.

Loan officers and risk managers meet at least quarterly to discuss and review the conditions and risks associated with individual problem loans. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review our loan ratings and allowance for credit losses and the Bank’s internal loan review department performs loan reviews.

Accrued interest receivable on loans is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For additional detail regarding the allowance for credit losses and the provision for credit losses, see Note 5.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

Past due loans and leases are defined as loans contractually past due 30 - 89 days as to principal or interest payments but which remain in accrual status, or loans delinquent 90 days or more but are considered well secured and in the process of collection.

Nonaccruing loans and leases are those on which the accrual of interest has ceased. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status immediately if, in the opinion of management, collection is doubtful, or when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more and the loan is not well secured and in the process of collection. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed and charged against interest income. In addition, the amortization of net deferred loan fees is suspended when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Subsequent cash receipts are applied either to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal and interest. Loans are returned to accrual status when it is determined that the borrower has the ability to make all principal and interest payments in accordance with the terms of the loan (i.e. a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated).

Unless loans are well-secured and collection is imminent, for loans greater than 90 days past due their respective reserves are generally charged off once the loss has been confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

Securities

Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in maturity mix of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other similar factors. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income. Gains or losses on disposition are based on the net proceeds and cost of the securities sold, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, using the specific identification method.

Securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed on a level yield basis.

Investments in equity securities are recorded in accordance with ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, investments in equity securities consisted of an investment in mutual funds with a fair value of $2.0 million, and $2.1 million, respectively.

The Corporation’s accounting policy specifies that (a) if the Corporation does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When the Corporation does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not, the Corporation will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income. The Corporation did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

We follow Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Measured at Amortized Cost, to measure expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by security investment grade. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Corporation classifies the held-to-maturity debt securities into the following major security types: state and municipal securities. These securities are highly rated with a history of no credit losses, and are assigned ratings based on the most recent data from ratings agencies depending on the availability of data for the security. Credit ratings of held-to-maturity debt securities, which are a significant input in calculating the expected credit loss, are reviewed on a quarterly basis.

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in Accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

We follow ASC 326-30, Financial Instruments - Credit Loss - Available-for-Sale Debt Securities, which provides guidance related to the recognition of and expanded disclosure requirements for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Corporation first evaluates whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the security's amortized cost basis is reduced to fair value and recognized as a reduction to Noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

For debt securities available-for-sale which the Corporation does not intend to sell, or it is not likely the security would be required to be sold before recovery, we evaluate whether a decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other adverse factors, such as a change in the security's credit rating. In assessing whether a credit loss exists, the Corporation compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is recorded, limited to the fair value of the security.

Management performs this analysis on a quarterly basis to review the conditions and risks associated with the individual securities. Credit losses on an impaired security shall continue to be measured using the present value of expected future cash flows. Any impairment not recorded through an allowance for credit loss is included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of the tax effect. We are required to use our judgment in determining impairment in certain circumstances. For additional detail regarding debt securities, see Note 3.

Unfunded Lending Commitments

Unfunded Lending Commitments

For unfunded lending commitments, the Corporation estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Corporation is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Corporation. The estimate includes consideration of the probability of default and utilization rate at default to calculate expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life of one year, based on historical losses, and qualitative adjustment factors.

The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the provision for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposure is included in the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended September 30, 2023, and in other non-interest expense for periods prior to the adoption of ASU-2016-13 on January 1, 2023. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures was $1.0 million and $173 thousand as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 and Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

Pronouncements Adopted in 2023

FASB ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”

The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, as amended, on January 1, 2023, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, net of fees and costs, securities HTM, unfunded lending commitments (including loan commitments on loans held for investment, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for securities AFS which now requires credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as an other-than-temporary impairment on securities AFS management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell.

We applied the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and securities AFS. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Corporation recorded a one-time decrease to retained earnings of $2.2 million on January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, net of tax. The transition adjustment includes $1.2 million and $974 thousand post-tax impacts for loans, net of fees and costs and unfunded loan commitments, respectively, due to higher expected credit losses compared to the incurred loss methodology primarily driven by longer duration commercial and consumer real estate loans.

FASB ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”

Issued in April 2019, ASU 2019-04 clarifies certain aspects of accounting for credit losses, hedging activities, and financial instruments (addressed by ASUs 2016-13, 2017-12, and 2016-01, respectively). The amendments to estimating expected credit losses (ASU 2016-13), in particular, how a company considers recoveries and extension options when estimating expected credit losses, are the most relevant to the Corporation. The ASU clarifies that (1) the estimate of expected credit losses should include expected recoveries of financial assets, including recoveries of amounts expected to be written off and those previously written off, and (2) that contractual extension or renewal options that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender are considered when determining the contractual term over which expected credit losses are measured. The Corporation adopted ASU 2019-04 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted.

FASB ASU 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures."

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures." The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted CECL and enhance the disclosure requirements for modifications of receivables made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases in the existing vintage disclosures. The Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02 at the same time ASU 2016-13 was adopted, as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this ASU resulted in updated disclosures within our financial statements but otherwise did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. See Note 5.

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective as of September 30, 2023:

FASB ASU 2020-04 (Topic 848), “Reference Rate Reform (“ASC 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”

Issued in March 2020, ASU 2020-04 contains optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The Corporation does not have a significant concentration of loans, derivative contracts, borrowings or other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. The Corporation expects to adopt the LIBOR transition relief allowed under this standard.

FASB ASU 2020-06, “Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”

This ASU clarifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature models. For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer (excluding smaller reporting entities), the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2021, and interim periods within. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2023, and interim periods within. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2020. The Corporation does not expect this to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2023-02, "Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323) Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method"

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method to allow reporting entities to consistently account for equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits. If certain conditions are met,

a reporting entity may elect to account for its tax equity investments by using the proportional amortization method regardless of the program from which it receives income tax credits, instead of only LIHTC structures. This amendment also eliminates certain LIHTC specific guidance aligning the accounting with other equity investments in tax credit structures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-02 and do not expect them to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings per Common Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per common share

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4,005	$	5,798	$	12,673	$	17,268
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	11,228		11,936		11,307		12,076
Average unearned ESOP shares	(170)		(200)		(178)		(148)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding	11,058		11,736		11,129		11,928
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options	119		232		149		274
Dilutive effects of SERP shares	186		150		171		142
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding	11,363		12,118		11,449		12,344
Basic earnings per share	$	0.36	$	0.49	$	1.14	$	1.45
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.35	$	0.48	$	1.11	$	1.40
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share	490		474		490		472

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Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of amortized cost and fair value of securities

The following tables presents the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of securities at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,580	$	98	$	(202)	$	—	$	11,476	9
U.S. government agency MBS	11,744		—		(610)		—		11,134		13
U.S. government agency CMO	22,226		—		(2,854)		—		19,372		30
State and municipal securities	40,275		—		(6,890)		—		33,385		31
U.S. Treasuries	32,982		—		(3,453)		—		29,529		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	11,007		1		(788)		—		10,220		13
Corporate bonds	8,200		—		(1,098)		—		7,102		13
Total securities available-for-sale	$	138,014	$	99	$	(15,895)	$	—	$	122,218	134
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	36,232	$	—	$	(5,567)	$	—	$	30,665	24

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		# of Securities in unrealized loss position
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,581	$	14	$	(314)	$	15,281	12
U.S. government agency MBS	12,272		5		(538)		11,739		12
U.S. government agency CMO	25,520		40		(2,242)		23,318		29
State and municipal securities	44,700		—		(5,862)		38,838		34
U.S. Treasuries	32,980		—		(3,457)		29,523		25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,722		—		(633)		9,089		11
Corporate bonds	8,201		—		(643)		7,558		12
Total securities available-for-sale	$	148,976	$	59	$	(13,689)	$	135,346	135
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	37,479	$	—	$	(4,394)	$	33,085	25

Schedule of investment gross unrealized loss in continuous unrealized loss position

The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	1,345	$	—	$	6,489	$	(202)	$	7,834	$	(202)
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	3,092		(32)		8,042		(578)		11,134		(610)
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	2,728		(76)		16,644		(2,778)		19,372		(2,854)
State and municipal securities	—		—		33,385		(6,890)		33,385		(6,890)
U.S. Treasuries	—		—		29,529		(3,453)		29,529		(3,453)
Non-U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	3,229		(22)		6,400		(766)		9,629		(788)
Corporate bonds	907		(93)		6,195		(1,005)		7,102		(1,098)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	11,301	$	(223)	$	106,684	$	(15,672)	$	117,985	$	(15,895)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	2,966	$	(155)	$	27,245	$	(5,412)	$	30,211	$	(5,567)

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or more				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	6,531	$	(80)	$	4,863	$	(234)	$	11,394	$	(314)
U.S. government agency MBS	6,022		(230)		4,637		(308)		10,659		(538)
U.S. government agency CMO	9,859		(821)		9,549		(1,421)		19,408		(2,242)
State and municipal securities	7,487		(726)		31,351		(5,136)		38,838		(5,862)
U.S. Treasuries	1,902		(97)		27,622		(3,360)		29,524		(3,457)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	8,423		(464)		666		(169)		9,089		(633)
Corporate bonds	5,019		(431)		1,538		(212)		6,557		(643)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	45,243	$	(2,849)	$	80,226	$	(10,840)	$	125,469	$	(13,689)
Securities held-to-maturity:
State and municipal securities	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	10,130	$	(364)	$	22,543	$	(4,030)	$	32,673	$	(4,394)

Schedule of amortized cost and carrying value of held-to-maturity securities and available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities are shown below by contractual maturities at the dates indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	September 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity				Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	30,793		27,666		4,226		4,147		18,865		17,289		4,275		4,238
Due after five years through ten years	19,161		17,047		2,901		2,326		28,647		25,459		2,998		2,683
Due after ten years	43,083		36,780		29,105		24,192		53,950		48,453		30,206		26,164
Subtotal	93,037		81,493		36,232		30,665		101,462		91,201		37,479		33,085
Mortgage-related securities	44,977		40,725		—		—		47,514		44,145		—		—
Total	$	138,014	$	122,218	$	36,232	$	30,665	$	148,976	$	135,346	$	37,479	$	33,085

Gross gain and (loss) on sale of investment securities available for sale

The following table presents the gross loss on sale of investment securities available for sale on the dates indicated:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	$	155	$	—	$	13,514	$	—
Gross gain on sale of available for sale investments	—		—		—		—
Gross loss on sale of available for sale investments	3		—		58		—

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of loans and leases outstanding

The following table presents loans and other finance receivables detailed by category at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	$	696,124	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	73,844		59,399
Residential mortgage	256,343		221,837
Construction	276,590		271,955
Total real estate loans	1,302,901		1,118,591
Commercial and industrial	299,861		341,378
Small business loans	141,265		136,155
Consumer	434		488
Leases, net	138,963		138,986
Total loans	$	1,883,424	$	1,735,598
Balances included in loans, net of fees and costs:
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$	13,231	$	14,502
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost	16,508		16,930
Unearned lease income included in leases, net	(22,385)		(25,715)
Unamortized net deferred loan origination costs	$	2,205	$	8,084

Schedule of age analysis of past due loans and leases

The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loans at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	574	$	—	$	574	$	695,550	$	696,124	$	—	$	696,124	0.08	%
Home equity lines and loans	216		—		216		72,699		72,915		929		73,844		1.55
Residential mortgage (1)	5,525		—		5,525		247,721		253,246		3,097		256,343		3.36
Construction	—		—		—		275,384		275,384		1,206		276,590		0.44
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		284,286		284,286		15,575		299,861		5.19
Small business loans	1,842		—		1,842		132,186		134,028		7,237		141,265		6.43
Consumer	—		—		—		434		434		—		434		—
Leases, net	2,346		—		2,346		135,550		137,896		1,067		138,963		2.46	%
Total	$	10,503	$	—	$	10,503	$	1,843,810	$	1,854,313	$	29,111	$	1,883,424	2.10	%

(1) Includes $13,231 of loans at fair value of which $12,108 are current, $376 are 30-89 days past due and $747 are nonaccrual.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	30-89 days past due		90+ days past due and still accruing		Total past due		Current		Total Accruing Loans and leases		Nonaccrual loans and leases		Total loans portfolio and leases		% Delinquent
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	565,260	$	565,260	$	140	$	565,400	0.02	%
Home equity lines and loans	146		—		146		58,156		58,302		1,097		59,399		2.09
Residential mortgage (1)	4,262		—		4,262		215,490		219,752		2,085		221,837		2.86
Construction	1,206		—		1,206		270,749		271,955		—		271,955		0.44
Commercial and industrial	101		—		101		328,730		328,831		12,547		341,378		3.70
Small business loans	939		—		939		130,751		131,690		4,465		136,155		3.97
Consumer	—		—		—		488		488		—		488		—
Leases, net	1,173		—		1,173		136,911		138,084		902		138,986		1.49	%
Total	$	7,827	$	—	$	7,827	$	1,706,535	$	1,714,362	$	21,236	$	1,735,598	1.67	%

(1) Includes $14,502 of loans at fair value of which $13,760 are current, $184 are 30-89 days past due and $558 are nonaccrual.

Schedule of financing receivables, nonaccrual

The following table presents the amortized costs basis of loans and leases on nonaccrual status and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, net of fees and costs as of September 30, 2023. As of this date here were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual Without ACL		Nonaccrual With ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	3,346		12,229		15,575
Small business loans	3,457		3,780		7,237
Leases, net	1,067		—		1,067
Total	$	13,102	$	16,009	$	29,111

Schedule of non-accruing collateral dependent loans by class or loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of non-accruing collateral-dependent loans by class or loans as of September 30, 2023 under the current expected credit loss model:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Equipment and Other		Total
Home equity lines and loans	$	929	$	—	$	929
Residential mortgage	3,097		—		3,097
Construction	1,206		—		1,206
Commercial and industrial	1,893		13,682		15,575
Small business loans	5,347		1,890		7,237
Leases, net	—		1,067		1,067
Total	$	12,472	$	16,639	$	29,111

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]

Schedule of allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses

The following tables provide the activity of our allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 under the CECL model in accordance with ASC 326 (as adopted on January 1, 2023):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	3,249	$	—	$	—	$	916	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	790				2		153		945
Residential mortgage	1,047		—		—		157		1,204
Construction	1,294		—		—		(453)		841
Commercial and industrial	2,241		(130)		1		267		2,379
Small business loans	6,868		(272)		1		(511)		6,086
Consumer	—		(1)		1		—		—
Leases	4,753		(606)		90		(174)		4,063
Total	$	20,242	$	(1,009)	$	95	$	355	$	19,683

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance, prior to adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Adjustment to initially apply ASU No. 2016-13 for CECL		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,095	$	(526)	$	—	$	—	$	596	$	4,165
Home equity lines and loans	188		439		(87)		5		400		945
Residential mortgage	948		17		—		—		239		1,204
Construction	3,075		(1,763)		—		—		(471)		841
Commercial and industrial	4,012		(1,023)		(130)		57		(537)		2,379
Small business loans	4,909		1,110		(598)		1		664		6,086
Consumer	3		(3)		(1)		3		(2)		—
Leases	1,598		3,345		(2,845)		242		1,723		4,063
Total	$	18,828	$	1,596	$	(3,661)	$	308	$	2,612	$	19,683

The following tables provide the activity of the allowance for loan and lease losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 under the incurred loss model:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,327	$	—	$	—	$	(238)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	240		(12)		34		(25)		237
Residential mortgage	489		—		—		217		706
Construction	2,481		—		—		378		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,287		—		39		(657)		5,669
Small business loans	3,681		—		—		319		4,000
Consumer	3		—		1		(1)		3
Leases	1,297		(419)		—		533		1,411
Total	$	18,805	$	(431)	$	74	$	526	$	18,974

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (Reversal)		Ending balance
Commercial mortgage	$	4,950	$	—	$	—	$	(861)	$	4,089
Home equity lines and loans	224		(12)		42		(17)		237
Residential mortgage	283		—		2		421		706
Construction	2,042		—		—		817		2,859
Commercial and industrial	6,533		—		58		(922)		5,669
Small business loans	3,737		—		—		263		4,000
Consumer	3		—		3		(3)		3
Leases	986		(1,682)		62		2,045		1,411
Total	$	18,758	$	(1,694)	$	167	$	1,743	$	18,974

Reconciliation of provision for credit losses

The following table provides a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Provision for credit losses - funded	$	355	$	526	$	2,612	$	1,743
Recovery of provision for credit losses - unfunded	(273)		—		(426)		—
Total provision for credit losses	$	82	$	526	$	2,186	$	1,743

Allowance allocated by portfolio segment

The following tables detail the allocation of the ACL and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
	Allowance for credit losses						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,165	$	4,165	$	—	$	696,124	$	696,124
Home equity lines and loans	—		945		945		929		72,915		73,844
Residential mortgage	—		1,204		1,204		2,164		240,948		243,112
Construction	—		841		841		1,206		275,384		276,590
Commercial and industrial	1,145		1,234		2,379		15,575		284,286		299,861
Small business loans	1,393		4,693		6,086		7,237		134,028		141,265
Consumer	—		—		—		—		434		434
Leases, net	—		4,063		4,063		1,067		137,896		138,963
Total (1)	$	2,538	$	17,145	$	19,683	$	28,178	$	1,842,015	$	1,870,193

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

The following table details the pre-CECL allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
	Allowance on loans and leases						Carrying value of loans and leases
(dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total		Individually evaluated		Collectively evaluated		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	$	4,095	$	4,095	$	2,445	$	562,955	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	—		188		188		1,097		58,302		59,399
Residential mortgage	—		948		948		1,454		205,881		207,335
Construction	—		3,075		3,075		1,206		270,749		271,955
Commercial and industrial	776		3,236		4,012		12,547		328,831		341,378
Small business loans	1,449		3,460		4,909		4,527		131,628		136,155
Consumer	—		3		3		—		488		488
Leases, net	—		1,598		1,598		902		138,084		138,986
Total (1)	$	2,225	$	16,603	$	18,828	$	24,178	$	1,696,918	$	1,721,096

(1) Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

Schedule of carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators

he following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to

determine the allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Commercial mortgage
Pass/Watch	$	82,314	$	137,909	$	161,963	$	96,103	$	51,149	$	136,069	$	511	$	426	$	666,444
Special Mention	—		4,625		—		—		9,291		10,060		667		—		24,643
Substandard	200		—		574		—		1,648		2,287		—		328		5,037
Total	$	82,514	$	142,534	$	162,537	$	96,103	$	62,088	$	148,416	$	1,178	$	754	$	696,124
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Construction
Pass/Watch	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	29,115	$	47,458	$	4,548	$	2,120	$	123	$	24,083	$	262,718
Special Mention	—		—		1,084		—		511		8,934		—		2,137		12,666
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		1,206		—		—		1,206
Total	$	53,495	$	101,776	$	30,199	$	47,458	$	5,059	$	12,260	$	123	$	26,220	$	276,590
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch	$	18,566	$	35,631	$	26,734	$	8,891	$	4,579	$	37,658	$	—	$	126,466	$	258,525
Special Mention	1,000		4,766		—		—		—		1,665		—		2,816		10,247
Substandard	—		—		2,906		—		300		9,730		—		18,153		31,089
Total	$	19,566	$	40,397	$	29,640	$	8,891	$	4,879	$	49,053	$	—	$	147,435	$	299,861
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(130)
Small business loans
Pass/Watch	$	39,356	$	19,977	$	39,053	$	13,148	$	6,996	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,102	$	132,650
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		100		100
Substandard	—		673		5,038		1,914		890		—		—		—		8,515
Total	$	39,356	$	20,650	$	44,091	$	15,062	$	7,886	$	1,018	$	—	$	13,202	$	141,265
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(411)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(598)
Total by risk rating
Pass/Watch	$	193,731	$	295,293	$	256,865	$	165,600	$	67,272	$	176,865	$	634	$	164,077	$	1,320,337
Special Mention	1,000		9,391		1,084		—		9,802		20,659		667		5,053		47,656
Substandard	200		673		8,518		1,914		2,838		13,223		—		18,481		45,847
Total	$	194,931	$	305,357	$	266,467	$	167,514	$	79,912	$	210,747	$	1,301	$	187,611	$	1,413,840
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(73)	$	(55)	$	—	$	(413)	$	(187)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(728)

The Corporation had no loans with a risk rating of Doubtful included within recorded investment in loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2023.

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023												Revolving Loans		Total
	Term Loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior
Home equity lines and loans
Performing	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	66,721	$	72,915
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		929		929
Total	$	52	$	801	$	318	$	359	$	2,289	$	2,375	$	67,650	$	73,844
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(54)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(87)
Residential mortgage (1)
Performing	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	11,408	$	—	$	241,390
Nonperforming	—		—		—				—		1,722		—		1,722
Total	$	42,601	$	157,600	$	21,967	$	7,353	$	461	$	13,130	$	—	$	243,112
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer
Performing	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Nonperforming	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	41	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	34	$	248	$	76	$	434
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)
Leases, net
Performing	$	25,583	$	64,581	$	35,930	$	11,802	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	137,896
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		—		—		1,067
Total	$	25,583	$	65,080	$	36,315	$	11,985	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,963
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,438)	$	(1,268)	$	(136)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,845)
Total by Payment Performance
Performing	$	68,277	$	223,017	$	58,215	$	19,514	$	2,784	$	14,031	$	66,797	$	452,635
Nonperforming	—		499		385		183		—		1,722		929		3,718
Total	$	68,277	$	223,516	$	58,600	$	19,697	$	2,784	$	15,753	$	67,726	$	456,353
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	(3)	$	(1,439)	$	(1,268)	$	(190)	$	—	$	(33)	$	—	$	(2,933)
(1) Excludes $14,403 of loans at fair value.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial mortgage	$	536,705	$	25,309	$	3,386	$	—	$	565,400
Home equity lines and loans	57,822		—		1,577		—		59,399
Construction	260,085		11,870		—		—		271,955
Commercial and industrial	295,502		6,587		39,289		—		341,378
Small business loans	131,690		—		4,465		—		136,155
Total	$	1,281,804	$	43,766	$	48,717	$	—	$	1,374,287

Schedule of allocations based on the credit quality indicators

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status at the dates indicated:

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Performing		Non- performing		Total
Residential mortgage (1)	$	205,881	$	1,454	$	207,335
Consumer	488		—		488
Leases, net	138,084		902		138,986
Total	$	344,453	$	2,356	$	346,809

(1) There were four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2023 and four nonperforming residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2022 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $550 thousand and $558 thousand, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above.

Schedule of recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans

The following table details the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related Allowance and interest income recognized at the dates indicated.

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Recorded investment		Principal balance		Related allowance
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	11,099	$	12,095	$	776
Small business loans	3,730		3,730		1,449
Total	$	14,829	$	15,825	$	2,225
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	$	2,445	$	2,456	$	—
Commercial and industrial	1,448		1,494		—
Small business loans	797		797		—
Home equity lines and loans	1,097		1,097		—
Residential mortgage	1,454		1,454		—
Construction	1,206		1,206		—
Leases	902		902		—
Total	9,349		9,406		—
Grand Total	$	24,178	$	25,231	$	2,225

Schedule of average recorded investment on impaired loans

The following table details the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on individually evaluated loans by portfolio segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
Individually evaluated loans with related allowance:
Commercial and industrial	$	16,195	$	—	$	16,363	$	—
Small business loans	666		—		666		—
Total	$	16,861	$	—	$	17,029	$	—
Individually evaluated loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	4,212		29		4,257		77
Commercial and industrial	286		—		293		—
Small business loans	819		2		835		7
Home equity lines and loans	878		15		878		39
Residential mortgage	1,468		22		1,478		190
Construction	1,206		20		1,206		51
Leases	500		—		510		—
Total	$	9,369	$	88	$	9,457	$	364
Grand Total	$	26,230	$	88	$	26,486	$	364

Financing receivable, modified

The following table presents information about TDRs at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2022
TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases	$	207
TDRs in compliance with modified terms	3,573
Total TDRs	$	3,780

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Total	3	$	1,517		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Total	2	$	306		$	77

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Number of Loans	Amortized Cost Basis		% of Total Class of Financing Receivable	Related Reserve
(dollars in thousands)
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	$	1,517	1.1%	$	—
Commercial & industrial	1	2,407		0.8%	—
Total	4	$	3,924		$	—
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	$	306	0.2%	$	77
Commercial & industrial	1	1,406		0.5%	422
Total	3	$	1,712		$	499

The following presents, by class of loans, information regarding accruing and nonaccrual modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

	Number of Loans
		Financial Effect
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	3	Extend maturity date
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend maturity date
Total	4
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Small business loans	2	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Commercial & industrial	1	Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Total	3

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of short term borrowings

The following table presents short-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Open Repo Plus Weekly	06/10/2024	5.68%	$	117,348	$	113,147
FRB BTFP Advances	03/29/2024	4.76%	33,000		—
Total Short-Term Borrowings			$	150,348	$	113,147

Schedule of long term debt

The following table presents long-term borrowings at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	12/22/2025	4.23%	$	8,935	$	8,935
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	9/30/2024	4.60%	3,432		—
FHLB Mid-term Repo Fixed	7/14/2026	4.57%	15,244		—
Total Long-Term Borrowings			$	27,611	$	8,935

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Servicing Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]

Schedule of servicing assets

Changes in the MSR balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	9,238	$	10,610	$	9,942	$	10,756
Servicing rights capitalized	9		65		9		648
Amortization of servicing rights	(319)		(356)		(1,025)		(1,092)
Change in valuation allowance	—		(4)		2		3
Balance at end of the period	$	8,928	$	10,315	$	8,928	$	10,315

Schedule of valuation allowance for servicing assets

Activity in the valuation allowance for MSRs was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(1)	$	(2)	$	(8)
Impairment	—		(4)		—		(4)
Recovery	—		—		2		7
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(5)

Schedule of sensitivity of fair value of servicing assets

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the residential mortgage servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights	$	11,977		$	11,567
Weighted average life (months)	28			22
Prepayment speed	8.73		%	8.05		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(512)		$	(268)
20% adverse change	(986)			(525)
Discount rate	9.50		%	9.50		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(460)		$	(404)
20% adverse change	(889)			(777)

SBA Loan Servicing Rights

Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]

Schedule of servicing assets

Changes in the SBA loan servicing asset balance are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	2,955	$	2,250	$	2,404	$	2,009
Servicing rights capitalized	373		306		1,099		1,146
Amortization of servicing rights	(243)		(173)		(690)		(523)
Change in valuation allowance	(178)		109		94		(140)
Balance at end of the period	$	2,907	$	2,492	$	2,907	$	2,492

Schedule of valuation allowance for servicing assets

Activity in the valuation allowance for SBA loan servicing assets was as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	$	(92)	$	(345)	$	(364)	$	(96)
Impairment	(178)		—		(178)		(280)
Recovery	—		109		272		140
Valuation allowance, end of period	$	(270)	$	(236)	$	(270)	$	(236)

Schedule of sensitivity of fair value of servicing assets

The sensitivity of the current fair value of the SBA loan servicing rights to immediate 10% and 20% favorable and unfavorable changes in key economic assumptions are included in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights	$	3,009		$	2,422
Weighted average life (years)	3.5			3.8
Prepayment speed	13.79		%	12.73		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(102)		$	(73)
20% adverse change	(196)			(141)
Discount rate	17.06		%	18.96		%
Impact on fair value:
10% adverse change	$	(64)		$	(53)
20% adverse change	(125)			(104)

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents the fair value of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	11,476	$	—	$	11,476	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,134		—		11,134		—
U.S. government agency CMO	19,372		—		19,372		—

	September 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
State and municipal securities	33,385		—		33,385		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,529		29,529		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	10,220		—		10,220
Corporate bonds	7,102		—		7,102		—
Equity investments	2,019		—		2,019		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144		—		23,144		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231		—		13,231		—
Interest rate lock commitments	229		—		—		229
Forward commitments	50		—		50		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,387		—		4,387		—
Interest rate swaps	1,023		—		1,023		—
Total	$	166,303	$	29,529	$	136,545	$	229
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	83	$	—	$	—	$	83
Forward commitments	—		—		—		—
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	4,321		—		4,321		—
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		6		—
Total	$	4,410	$	—	$	4,327	$	83

	December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Securities available for sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	15,281	$	—	$	15,281	$	—
U.S. government agency MBS	11,739		—		11,739		—
U.S. government agency CMO	23,318		—		23,318		—
State and municipal securities	38,838		—		38,838		—
U.S. Treasuries	29,523		29,523		—		—
Non-U.S. government agency CMO	9,089		—		9,089		—
Corporate bonds	7,558		—		7,558		—
Equity investments	2,086		—		2,086		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	22,243		—		22,243		—
Mortgage loans held for investment	14,502		—		14,502		—
Interest rate lock commitments	87		—		—		87
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,846		—		3,846		—
Total	$	178,110	$	29,523	$	148,500	$	87
Liabilities
Interest rate lock commitments	$	79	$	—	$	—	$	79
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps	3,799		—		3,799		—
Risk Participation Agreements	17		—		17		—
Total	$	3,895	$	—	$	3,816	$	79

Schedule of financial assets measured at fair value on non-recurring basis

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights	$	8,928	$	9,942
SBA loan servicing rights	2,907		2,404
Individually evaluated loans (1)
Commercial and industrial	12,371		—
Small business loans	2,456		2,281
Total	$	26,662	$	14,627

(1) Individually evaluated loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. The increase in individually evaluated commercial and industrial loans noted above was due to reassessing how we evaluate the impairment on a loan relationship to now be based on the fair value of collateral.

Schedule of measurement inputs

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 individually evaluated loans.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs
September 30, 2023	$	14,827	Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-33% discount
December 31, 2022	2,281		Appraisal of collateral	Management adjustments on appraisals for property type and recent activity	2%-15% discount

The following table details the valuation techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
September 30, 2023	$	229	Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.12%
December 31, 2022	87		Market comparable pricing	Pull through	1 - 99%	84.05

Schedule of estimated fair values of financial instruments

The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	59,759	$	59,759	$	38,391	$	38,391
Mortgage loans held for sale	Level 2	23,144		23,144		22,243		22,243
Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses	Level 3	1,872,398		1,827,125		1,729,180		1,679,955
Mortgage loans held for investment	Level 2	13,231		13,231		14,502		14,502
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Level 2	1,808,645		1,780,200		1,712,479		1,575,600

Borrowings	Level 2	177,959	179,000	122,082	122,082
Subordinated debentures	Level 2	50,079	50,218	40,346	40,020

Schedule of level 3 inputs reconciliation

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of the period	$	261	$	374	$	87	$	1,122
(Decrease) increase in value	(32)		(237)		142		(985)
Balance at end of the period	$	229	$	137	$	229	$	137

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments

The following table presents a summary of notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments at the dates indicated:

		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Line Item	Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value		Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	40,015	$	229	$	16,590	$	87
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	21,260		(83)		16,108		(79)
Total		$	61,275	$	146	$	32,698	$	8
Forward Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	6,750	$	50	$	—	$	—
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	46,337	$	4,387	$	43,779	$	3,846
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	46,337		(4,321)		43,779		(3,799)
Total		$	92,674	$	66	$	87,558	$	47
Risk Participation Agreements
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	7,111		(6)		7,200		(17)
Total		$	7,111	$	(6)	$	7,200	$	(17)
Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities	—		—		—		—
Total		$	75,000	$	1,023	$	—	$	—
Total derivative financial instruments		$	242,810	$	1,279	$	127,456	$	38

Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and (losses) on derivative financial instruments:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest Rate Lock Commitments	$	29	$	(405)	$	138	$	(1,380)
Forward Commitments	37		485		50		516
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps	33		47		19		151
Risk Participation Agreements	6		—		11		—
Interest Rate Swaps	588		—		1,023		—
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	$	693	$	127	$	1,241	$	(713)

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Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of business segment financial information

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which have been included in the statement of operations. Total assets for each segment is also provided.

	Segment Information
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023								Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	17,205	$	(15)	$	34	$	17,224	$	17,664	$	218	$	144	$	18,026
Provision for credit losses	82		—		—		82		526		—		—		526
Net interest income after provision	17,123		(15)		34		17,142		17,138		218		144		17,500
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	80		—		4,739		4,819		72		—		7,257		7,329
Wealth management income	—		1,258		—		1,258		—		1,114		—		1,114
SBA loan income	982		—		—		982		989		—		—		989
Net change in fair values	38		—		(394)		(356)		47		—		(1,043)		(996)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		82		82		—		—		399		399
Other	658		—		643		1,301		622		—		767		1,389
Non-interest income	1,758		1,258		5,070		8,086		1,730		1,114		7,380		10,224
Non-interest expense	12,564		826		6,628		20,018		11,354		780		8,127		20,261
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	6,317	$	417	$	(1,524)	$	5,210	$	7,514	$	552	$	(603)	$	7,463
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

	Segment Information
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total		Bank		Wealth		Mortgage		Total
Net interest income	$	51,928	$	(12)	$	85	$	52,001	$	50,197	$	628	$	785	$	51,610
Provision for credit losses	2,186		—		—		2,186		1,743		—		—		1,743
Net interest income after provision	49,742		(12)		85		49,815		48,454		628		785		49,867
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	221		—		12,922		13,143		394		—		20,973		21,367
Wealth management income	—		3,689		—		3,689		—		3,672		—		3,672
SBA loan income	3,463		—		—		3,463		3,946		—		—		3,946
Net change in fair values	30		—		(574)		(544)		151		—		(4,457)		(4,306)
Net gain on hedging activity	—		—		81		81		—		—		4,941		4,941
Other	1,982		—		2,034		4,016		1,776		(1)		2,333		4,108
Non-interest income	5,696		3,689		14,463		23,848		6,267		3,671		23,790		33,728
Non-interest expense	35,608		2,704		19,110		57,422		32,186		2,480		26,734		61,400
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	19,830	$	973	$	(4,562)	$	16,241	$	22,535	$	1,819	$	(2,159)	$	22,195
Total Assets	$	2,177,145	$	8,833	$	44,993	$	2,230,971	$	1,858,770	$	7,927	$	55,227	$	1,921,924

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Subordinated Debentures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subordinated Borrowings [Abstract]

Schedule of Subordinated Borrowing

The following table presents subordinated debentures at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)	Maturity date	Interest rate	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
2023 Debentures	8/31/2033	8.00%	$	9,740	$	—
2019 Debentures	12/30/2029	5.38%	40,000		40,000
2013 Debentures	12/31/2028	6.50%	596		653
2011 Debentures	12/31/2026	6.00%	463		463
2008 Debentures	12/18/2023	6.00%	56		56
Debt Origination Costs			(776)		(826)
Total Subordinated Debentures			$	50,079	$	40,346

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		Feb. 28, 2023 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares		Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Stock split, conversion ratio		2
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 1.00	$ 1			$ 1
Investment in equity securities			$ 2,019			$ 2,086
Off balance sheet, credit losses			1,000			173
Equity, decrease to retained earnings			155,114	$ 153,962		153,280		$ 151,161	$ 156,087	$ 165,360
Post-tax impacts for loans, net of fees and costs			1,865,946			1,724,854
Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Equity, decrease to retained earnings			$ 102,043	$ 99,434		95,815		$ 92,405	$ 87,815	$ 84,916
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Equity, decrease to retained earnings	[1]					(2,228)
Post-tax impacts for loans, net of fees and costs					$ (1,200)
Unfunded loan commitments					(974)
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Equity, decrease to retained earnings					$ (2,200)	$ (2,228)	[1]

[1] See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Pronouncements Adopted in 2023" for additional information.

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Earnings per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator for earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 4,005	$ 5,798	$ 12,673	$ 17,268
Denominators for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	11,228	11,936	11,307	12,076
Average unearned ESOP shares (in shares)	(170)	(200)	(178)	(148)
Basic weighted averages shares outstanding (in shares)	11,058	11,736	11,129	11,928
Dilutive effects of assumed exercises of stock options (in shares)	119	232	149	274
Dilutive effects of SERP shares (in shares)	186	150	171	142
Diluted weighted averages shares outstanding (in shares)	11,363	12,118	11,449	12,344
Basic earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.36	$ 0.49	$ 1.14	$ 1.45
Diluted earnings per share (in USD per share)	$ 0.35	$ 0.48	$ 1.11	$ 1.40
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share (in shares)	490	474	490	472

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Securities - Amortized cost and fair value (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) security
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 138,014	$ 148,976
Gross unrealized gains	99	59
Gross unrealized losses	(15,895)	(13,689)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 122,218	$ 135,346
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	134	135
Securities held to maturity:
Amortized cost	$ 36,232	$ 37,479
Gross unrealized gains	0
Gross unrealized losses	(5,567)	(4,394)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Fair value	$ 30,665	33,085
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	24
U.S. asset backed securities
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 11,580	15,581
Gross unrealized gains	98	14
Gross unrealized losses	(202)	(314)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 11,476	$ 15,281
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	9	12
U.S. government agency MBS
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 11,744	$ 12,272
Gross unrealized gains	0	5
Gross unrealized losses	(610)	(538)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 11,134	$ 11,739
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	13	12
U.S. government agency CMO
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 22,226	$ 25,520
Gross unrealized gains	0	40
Gross unrealized losses	(2,854)	(2,242)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 19,372	$ 23,318
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	30	29
State and municipal securities
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 40,275	$ 44,700
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(6,890)	(5,862)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 33,385	$ 38,838
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	31	34
Securities held to maturity:
Amortized cost	$ 36,232	$ 37,479
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(5,567)	(4,394)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Fair value	$ 30,665	$ 33,085
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	24	25
U.S. Treasuries
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 32,982	$ 32,980
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(3,453)	(3,457)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 29,529	$ 29,523
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	25	25
Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 11,007	$ 9,722
Gross unrealized gains	1	0
Gross unrealized losses	(788)	(633)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 10,220	$ 9,089
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	13	11
Corporate bonds
Securities available-for-sale:
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 8,200	$ 8,201
Gross unrealized gains	0	0
Gross unrealized losses	(1,098)	(643)
Allowance for Credit Losses	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 7,102	$ 7,558
# of Securities in unrealized loss position | security	13	12

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Securities - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) security	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Securities
Number of securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired | security	0
Debt securities, fair value	$ 122,218	$ 135,346
Asset Pledged as Collateral
Securities
Debt securities, fair value	$ 51,800	$ 78,400

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Securities - Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	$ 11,301	$ 45,243
12 Months or More, Fair Value	106,684	80,226
Total Fair Value	117,985	125,469
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(223)	(2,849)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(15,672)	(10,840)
Total Unrealized Losses	(15,895)	(13,689)
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Maturity [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	2,966	10,130
12 Months or More, Fair Value	27,245	22,543
Total Fair Value	30,211	32,673
Less than 12 Months, Unrecognized Loss	(155)	(364)
12 Months or More, Unrecognized Loss	(5,412)	(4,030)
Total securities held-to-maturity	(5,567)	(4,394)
U.S. asset backed securities
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	1,345	6,531
12 Months or More, Fair Value	6,489	4,863
Total Fair Value	7,834	11,394
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	0	(80)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(202)	(234)
Total Unrealized Losses	(202)	(314)
U.S. government agency MBS
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	3,092	6,022
12 Months or More, Fair Value	8,042	4,637
Total Fair Value	11,134	10,659
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(32)	(230)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(578)	(308)
Total Unrealized Losses	(610)	(538)
U.S. government agency CMO
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	2,728	9,859
12 Months or More, Fair Value	16,644	9,549
Total Fair Value	19,372	19,408
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(76)	(821)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(2,778)	(1,421)
Total Unrealized Losses	(2,854)	(2,242)
State and municipal securities
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	0	7,487
12 Months or More, Fair Value	33,385	31,351
Total Fair Value	33,385	38,838
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	0	(726)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(6,890)	(5,136)
Total Unrealized Losses	(6,890)	(5,862)
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Maturity [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	2,966	10,130
12 Months or More, Fair Value	27,245	22,543
Total Fair Value	30,211	32,673
Less than 12 Months, Unrecognized Loss	(155)	(364)
12 Months or More, Unrecognized Loss	(5,412)	(4,030)
Total securities held-to-maturity	(5,567)	(4,394)
U.S. Treasuries
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	0	1,902
12 Months or More, Fair Value	29,529	27,622
Total Fair Value	29,529	29,524
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	0	(97)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(3,453)	(3,360)
Total Unrealized Losses	(3,453)	(3,457)
Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	3,229	8,423
12 Months or More, Fair Value	6,400	666
Total Fair Value	9,629	9,089
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(22)	(464)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(766)	(169)
Total Unrealized Losses	(788)	(633)
Corporate bonds
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Less than 12 Months, Fair Value	907	5,019
12 Months or More, Fair Value	6,195	1,538
Total Fair Value	7,102	6,557
Less than 12 Months, Unrealized Losses	(93)	(431)
12 Months or More, Unrealized Losses	(1,005)	(212)
Total Unrealized Losses	$ (1,098)	$ (643)

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Securities - Contractual Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contractual Maturities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	$ 0	$ 0
Due after one year through five years	30,793	18,865
Due after five years through ten years	19,161	28,647
Due after ten years	43,083	53,950
Subtotal	93,037	101,462
Mortgage-related securities	44,977	47,514
Securities available-for-sale, amortized cost	138,014	148,976
Contractual Maturities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	27,666	17,289
Due after five years through ten years	17,047	25,459
Due after ten years	36,780	48,453
Subtotal	81,493	91,201
Mortgage-related securities	40,725	44,145
Fair value	122,218	135,346
Contractual Maturities, Held-to-maturity, Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	4,226	4,275
Due after five years through ten years	2,901	2,998
Due after ten years	29,105	30,206
Subtotal	36,232	37,479
Mortgage-related securities	0	0
Amortized cost	36,232	37,479
Contractual Maturities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value
Due in one year or less	0	0
Due after one year through five years	4,147	4,238
Due after five years through ten years	2,326	2,683
Due after ten years	24,192	26,164
Subtotal	30,665	33,085
Mortgage-related securities	0	0
Total	$ 30,665	$ 33,085

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Securities - Sale of Investment Securities, Available for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	$ 155	$ 0	$ 13,514	$ 0
Gross gain on sale of available for sale investments	0	0	0	0
Gross loss on sale of available for sale investments	$ 3	$ 0	$ 58	$ 0

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables - Loans outstanding by category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans Receivable
Total loans	$ 1,883,424	$ 1,735,598
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	13,231	14,502
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at amortized cost	16,508	16,930
Unearned lease income included in leases, net	(22,385)	(25,715)
Unamortized net deferred loan origination costs	2,205	8,084
Real estate loans:
Loans Receivable
Total loans	1,302,901	1,118,591
Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Loans Receivable
Total loans	696,124	565,400
Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Loans Receivable
Total loans	73,844	59,399
Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Loans Receivable
Total loans	256,343	221,837
Real estate loans: | Construction
Loans Receivable
Total loans	276,590	271,955
Commercial and industrial
Loans Receivable
Total loans	299,861	341,378
Small business loans
Loans Receivable
Total loans	141,265	136,155
Consumer
Loans Receivable
Total loans	434	488
Leases, net
Loans Receivable
Total loans	$ 138,963	$ 138,986

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables - Age analysis of past due loans and leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 1,883,424	$ 1,735,598
Total Accruing Loans and leases	1,854,313	1,714,362
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 29,111	$ 21,236
% Delinquent	2.10%	1.67%
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$ 13,231	$ 14,502
Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Nonaccrual loans and leases	929
Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Nonaccrual loans and leases	3,097
Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,206
Commercial and industrial
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	299,861	341,378
Total Accruing Loans and leases	284,286	328,831
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 15,575	$ 12,547
% Delinquent	5.19%	3.70%
Small business loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 141,265	$ 136,155
Total Accruing Loans and leases	134,028	131,690
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 7,237	$ 4,465
% Delinquent	6.43%	3.97%
Leases, net
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 138,963	$ 138,986
Total Accruing Loans and leases	137,896	138,084
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 1,067	$ 902
% Delinquent	2.46%	1.49%
Real estate loans:
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 1,302,901	$ 1,118,591
Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	696,124	565,400
Total Accruing Loans and leases	696,124	565,260
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 0	$ 140
% Delinquent	0.08%	0.02%
Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 73,844	$ 59,399
Total Accruing Loans and leases	72,915	58,302
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 929	$ 1,097
% Delinquent	1.55%	2.09%
Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 256,343	$ 221,837
Total Accruing Loans and leases	253,246	219,752
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 3,097	$ 2,085
% Delinquent	3.36%	2.86%
Real estate loans: | Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 276,590	$ 271,955
Total Accruing Loans and leases	275,384	271,955
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 1,206	$ 0
% Delinquent	0.44%	0.44%
Consumer
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	$ 434	$ 488
Total Accruing Loans and leases	434	488
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 0	$ 0
% Delinquent	0.00%	0.00%
Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$ 14,403
Number of loans in process of foreclosure | loan	4
Value of loans in process of foreclosure	$ 937
30-89 days past due
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	10,503	$ 7,827
30-89 days past due | Commercial and industrial
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	101
30-89 days past due | Small business loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	1,842	939
30-89 days past due | Leases, net
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	2,346	1,173
30-89 days past due | Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	574	0
30-89 days past due | Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	216	146
30-89 days past due | Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	5,525	4,262
30-89 days past due | Real estate loans: | Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	1,206
30-89 days past due | Consumer
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
30-89 days past due | Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	376	184
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Commercial and industrial
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Small business loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Leases, net
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Real estate loans: | Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Equal to or Greater than 90 Days Past Due | Consumer
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Financial Asset, Past Due
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	10,503	7,827
Financial Asset, Past Due | Commercial and industrial
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	101
Financial Asset, Past Due | Small business loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	1,842	939
Financial Asset, Past Due | Leases, net
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	2,346	1,173
Financial Asset, Past Due | Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	574	0
Financial Asset, Past Due | Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	216	146
Financial Asset, Past Due | Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	5,525	4,262
Financial Asset, Past Due | Real estate loans: | Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	1,206
Financial Asset, Past Due | Consumer
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	0	0
Current
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	1,843,810	1,706,535
Current | Commercial and industrial
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	284,286	328,730
Current | Small business loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	132,186	130,751
Current | Leases, net
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	135,550	136,911
Current | Real estate loans: | Commercial mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	695,550	565,260
Current | Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	72,699	58,156
Current | Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	247,721	215,490
Current | Real estate loans: | Construction
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	275,384	270,749
Current | Consumer
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Total loans	434	488
Current | Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	12,108	13,760
Nonaccrual | Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	$ 747	$ 558

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables - Schedule of Financing Receivables, Nonaccrual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	$ 13,102
Nonaccrual With ACL	16,009
Nonaccrual loans and leases	29,111	$ 21,236
Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	929
Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	3,097
Construction
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,206
Real estate loans: | Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	929
Nonaccrual With ACL	0
Nonaccrual loans and leases	929	1,097
Real estate loans: | Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	3,097
Nonaccrual With ACL	0
Nonaccrual loans and leases	3,097	2,085
Real estate loans: | Construction
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	1,206
Nonaccrual With ACL	0
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,206	0
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	3,346
Nonaccrual With ACL	12,229
Nonaccrual loans and leases	15,575	12,547
Small business loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	3,457
Nonaccrual With ACL	3,780
Nonaccrual loans and leases	7,237	4,465
Leases, net
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual Without ACL	1,067
Nonaccrual With ACL	0
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 1,067	$ 902

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Loans and Other Finance Receivables - Schedule of Non-Accruing Collateral-Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 29,111	$ 21,236
Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	929
Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	3,097
Construction
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,206
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	15,575
Small business loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	7,237
Leases, net
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,067
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	12,472
Real Estate | Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	929
Real Estate | Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	3,097
Real Estate | Construction
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,206
Real Estate | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,893
Real Estate | Small business loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	5,347
Real Estate | Leases, net
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	0
Equipment and Other
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	16,639
Equipment and Other | Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	0
Equipment and Other | Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	0
Equipment and Other | Construction
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	0
Equipment and Other | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	13,682
Equipment and Other | Small business loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	1,890
Equipment and Other | Leases, net
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$ 1,067

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Roll-forward of allowance by portfolio segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 20,242	$ 18,805	$ 18,828	$ 18,758
Charge-offs	(1,009)	(431)	(3,661)	(1,694)
Recoveries	95	74	308	167
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	355	526	2,612	1,743
Balance at end of period	19,683	18,974	19,683	18,974
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			1,596
Commercial mortgage
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	3,249	4,327	4,095	4,950
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	916	(238)	596	(861)
Balance at end of period	4,165	4,089	4,165	4,089
Commercial mortgage | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			(526)
Home equity lines and loans
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	790	240	188	224
Charge-offs		(12)	(87)	(12)
Recoveries	2	34	5	42
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	153	(25)	400	(17)
Balance at end of period	945	237	945	237
Home equity lines and loans | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			439
Residential mortgage
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,047	489	948	283
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	2
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	157	217	239	421
Balance at end of period	1,204	706	1,204	706
Residential mortgage | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			17
Construction
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,294	2,481	3,075	2,042
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(453)	378	(471)	817
Balance at end of period	841	2,859	841	2,859
Construction | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			(1,763)
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	2,241	6,287	4,012	6,533
Charge-offs	(130)	0	(130)	0
Recoveries	1	39	57	58
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	267	(657)	(537)	(922)
Balance at end of period	2,379	5,669	2,379	5,669
Commercial and industrial | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			(1,023)
Small business loans
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	6,868	3,681	4,909	3,737
Charge-offs	(272)	0	(598)	0
Recoveries	1	0	1	0
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(511)	319	664	263
Balance at end of period	6,086	4,000	6,086	4,000
Small business loans | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			1,110
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	0	3	3	3
Charge-offs	(1)	0	(1)	0
Recoveries	1	1	3	3
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	0	(1)	(2)	(3)
Balance at end of period	0	3	0	3
Consumer | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			(3)
Leases, net
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	4,753	1,297	1,598	986
Charge-offs	(606)	(419)	(2,845)	(1,682)
Recoveries	90	0	242	62
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(174)	533	1,723	2,045
Balance at end of period	$ 4,063	$ 1,411	4,063	$ 1,411
Leases, net | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			$ 3,345

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Provision for credit losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Text Block [Abstract]
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	$ 355	$ 526	$ 2,612	$ 1,743
Recovery of provision for credit losses - unfunded	(273)	0	(426)	0
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	$ 82	$ 526	$ 2,186	$ 1,743

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Allowance allocated by portfolio segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	$ 2,538		$ 2,225
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	17,145		16,603
Total allowance on loans and leases	19,683	$ 20,242	18,828	$ 18,974	$ 18,805	$ 18,758
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	28,178		24,178
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	1,842,015		1,696,918
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	1,870,193		1,721,096
Commercial mortgage
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	4,165		4,095
Total allowance on loans and leases	4,165	3,249	4,095	4,089	4,327	4,950
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		2,445
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	696,124		562,955
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	696,124		565,400
Home equity lines and loans
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	945		188
Total allowance on loans and leases	945	790	188	237	240	224
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	929		1,097
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	72,915		58,302
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	73,844		59,399
Residential mortgage
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	1,204		948
Total allowance on loans and leases	1,204	1,047	948	706	489	283
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	2,164		1,454
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	240,948		205,881
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	243,112		207,335
Construction
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	841		3,075
Total allowance on loans and leases	841	1,294	3,075	2,859	2,481	2,042
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	1,206		1,206
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	275,384		270,749
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	276,590		271,955
Commercial and industrial
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	1,145		776
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	1,234		3,236
Total allowance on loans and leases	2,379	2,241	4,012	5,669	6,287	6,533
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	15,575		12,547
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	284,286		328,831
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	299,861		341,378
Small business loans
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	1,393		1,449
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	4,693		3,460
Total allowance on loans and leases	6,086	6,868	4,909	4,000	3,681	3,737
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	7,237		4,527
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	134,028		131,628
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	141,265		136,155
Consumer
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	0		3
Total allowance on loans and leases	0	0	3	3	3	3
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	434		488
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	434		488
Leases, net
Impaired Loans
Allowance on loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Allowance on loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	4,063		1,598
Total allowance on loans and leases	4,063	$ 4,753	1,598	$ 1,411	$ 1,297	$ 986
Carrying value of loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	1,067		902
Carrying value of loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment	137,896		138,084
Total on carrying value of loans and leases	$ 138,963		$ 138,986

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Carrying value based on credit quality indicators (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Loans, net of fees and costs	$ 1,885,629		$ 1,885,629		$ 1,743,682
Current period gross charge-offs	(1,009)	$ (431)	(3,661)	$ (1,694)
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	13,231		13,231		14,502
Total loans	1,883,424		1,883,424		1,735,598
Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	68,277		68,277
2023, Writeoff			(3)
2022	223,516		223,516
2022, Writeoff			(1,439)
2021	58,600		58,600
2021, Writeoff			(1,268)
2020	19,697		19,697
2020, Writeoff			(190)
2019	2,784		2,784
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	15,753		15,753
Prior, Writeoff			(33)
Revolving Loans	67,726		67,726
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	456,353		456,353
Current period gross charge-offs			(2,933)
Total loans					346,809
Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	68,277		68,277
2022	223,017		223,017
2021	58,215		58,215
2020	19,514		19,514
2019	2,784		2,784
Prior	14,031		14,031
Revolving Loans	66,797		66,797
Loans, net of fees and costs	452,635		452,635
Total loans					344,453
Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	499		499
2021	385		385
2020	183		183
2019	0		0
Prior	1,722		1,722
Revolving Loans	929		929
Loans, net of fees and costs	3,718		3,718
Total loans					2,356
Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	194,931		194,931
2023, Writeoff			(73)
2022	305,357		305,357
2022, Writeoff			(55)
2021	266,467		266,467
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	167,514		167,514
2020, Writeoff			(413)
2019	79,912		79,912
2019, Writeoff			(187)
Prior	210,747		210,747
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	1,301		1,301
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	187,611		187,611
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,413,840		1,413,840
Current period gross charge-offs			(728)
Total loans					1,374,287
Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	193,731		193,731
2022	295,293		295,293
2021	256,865		256,865
2020	165,600		165,600
2019	67,272		67,272
Prior	176,865		176,865
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	634		634
Revolving Loans	164,077		164,077
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,320,337		1,320,337
Total loans					1,281,804
Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	1,000		1,000
2022	9,391		9,391
2021	1,084		1,084
2020	0		0
2019	9,802		9,802
Prior	20,659		20,659
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	667		667
Revolving Loans	5,053		5,053
Loans, net of fees and costs	47,656		47,656
Total loans					43,766
Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	200		200
2022	673		673
2021	8,518		8,518
2020	1,914		1,914
2019	2,838		2,838
Prior	13,223		13,223
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	18,481		18,481
Loans, net of fees and costs	45,847		45,847
Total loans					48,717
Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Commercial mortgage
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	82,514		82,514
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	142,534		142,534
2022, Writeoff			0
2021	162,537		162,537
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	96,103		96,103
2020, Writeoff			0
2019	62,088		62,088
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	148,416		148,416
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	1,178		1,178
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	754		754
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	696,124		696,124
Current period gross charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Commercial mortgage | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					565,400
Commercial mortgage | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	82,314		82,314
2022	137,909		137,909
2021	161,963		161,963
2020	96,103		96,103
2019	51,149		51,149
Prior	136,069		136,069
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	511		511
Revolving Loans	426		426
Loans, net of fees and costs	666,444		666,444
Total loans					536,705
Commercial mortgage | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	4,625		4,625
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	9,291		9,291
Prior	10,060		10,060
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	667		667
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	24,643		24,643
Total loans					25,309
Commercial mortgage | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	200		200
2022	0		0
2021	574		574
2020	0		0
2019	1,648		1,648
Prior	2,287		2,287
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	328		328
Loans, net of fees and costs	5,037		5,037
Total loans					3,386
Commercial mortgage | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Construction
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	53,495		53,495
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	101,776		101,776
2022, Writeoff			0
2021	30,199		30,199
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	47,458		47,458
2020, Writeoff			0
2019	5,059		5,059
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	12,260		12,260
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	123		123
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	26,220		26,220
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	276,590		276,590
Current period gross charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Construction | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					271,955
Construction | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	53,495		53,495
2022	101,776		101,776
2021	29,115		29,115
2020	47,458		47,458
2019	4,548		4,548
Prior	2,120		2,120
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	123		123
Revolving Loans	24,083		24,083
Loans, net of fees and costs	262,718		262,718
Total loans					260,085
Construction | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	1,084		1,084
2020	0		0
2019	511		511
Prior	8,934		8,934
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	2,137		2,137
Loans, net of fees and costs	12,666		12,666
Total loans					11,870
Construction | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	0		0
Prior	1,206		1,206
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,206		1,206
Total loans					0
Construction | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Commercial and industrial
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	19,566		19,566
2023, Writeoff			(73)
2022	40,397		40,397
2022, Writeoff			(55)
2021	29,640		29,640
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	8,891		8,891
2020, Writeoff			(2)
2019	4,879		4,879
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	49,053		49,053
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	147,435		147,435
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	299,861		299,861
Current period gross charge-offs	(130)	0	(130)	0
Total loans	299,861		299,861		341,378
Commercial and industrial | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					341,378
Commercial and industrial | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	18,566		18,566
2022	35,631		35,631
2021	26,734		26,734
2020	8,891		8,891
2019	4,579		4,579
Prior	37,658		37,658
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	126,466		126,466
Loans, net of fees and costs	258,525		258,525
Total loans					295,502
Commercial and industrial | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	1,000		1,000
2022	4,766		4,766
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	0		0
Prior	1,665		1,665
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	2,816		2,816
Loans, net of fees and costs	10,247		10,247
Total loans					6,587
Commercial and industrial | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	2,906		2,906
2020	0		0
2019	300		300
Prior	9,730		9,730
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	18,153		18,153
Loans, net of fees and costs	31,089		31,089
Total loans	$ 31,100		31,100		39,289
Decrease in financing receivable			8,200
Decrease in finance receivable, credit payoff			$ 3,000
Number of loan relationships with no specific industry concentration | loan	15		15
Deferrals that became non performing loans	$ 11,000		$ 11,000
Commercial and industrial | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Small business loans
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	39,356		39,356
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	20,650		20,650
2022, Writeoff			0
2021	44,091		44,091
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	15,062		15,062
2020, Writeoff			(411)
2019	7,886		7,886
2019, Writeoff			(187)
Prior	1,018		1,018
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	13,202		13,202
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	141,265		141,265
Current period gross charge-offs	(272)	0	(598)	0
Total loans	141,265		141,265		136,155
Small business loans | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					136,155
Small business loans | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	39,356		39,356
2022	19,977		19,977
2021	39,053		39,053
2020	13,148		13,148
2019	6,996		6,996
Prior	1,018		1,018
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	13,102		13,102
Loans, net of fees and costs	132,650		132,650
Total loans					131,690
Small business loans | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	100		100
Loans, net of fees and costs	100		100
Total loans					0
Small business loans | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	673		673
2021	5,038		5,038
2020	1,914		1,914
2019	890		890
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	8,515		8,515
Total loans					4,465
Small business loans | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Leases, net
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	25,583		25,583
2023, Writeoff			(3)
2022	65,080		65,080
2022, Writeoff			(1,438)
2021	36,315		36,315
2021, Writeoff			(1,268)
2020	11,985		11,985
2020, Writeoff			(136)
2019	0		0
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	0		0
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	138,963		138,963
Current period gross charge-offs	(606)	(419)	(2,845)	(1,682)
Total loans	138,963		138,963		138,986
Leases, net | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					138,986
Leases, net | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	25,583		25,583
2022	64,581		64,581
2021	35,930		35,930
2020	11,802		11,802
2019	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	137,896		137,896
Total loans					138,084
Leases, net | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	499		499
2021	385		385
2020	183		183
2019	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,067		1,067
Total loans					902
Home equity lines and loans
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	52		52
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	801		801
2022, Writeoff			0
2021	318		318
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	359		359
2020, Writeoff			(54)
2019	2,289		2,289
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	2,375		2,375
Prior, Writeoff			(33)
Revolving Loans	67,650		67,650
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	73,844		73,844
Current period gross charge-offs		(12)	(87)	(12)
Home equity lines and loans | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	52		52
2022	801		801
2021	318		318
2020	359		359
2019	2,289		2,289
Prior	2,375		2,375
Revolving Loans	66,721		66,721
Loans, net of fees and costs	72,915		72,915
Home equity lines and loans | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans	929		929
Loans, net of fees and costs	929		929
Home equity lines and loans | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					59,399
Home equity lines and loans | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					57,822
Home equity lines and loans | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Home equity lines and loans | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					1,577
Home equity lines and loans | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					0
Residential mortgage
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	42,601		42,601
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	157,600		157,600
2022, Writeoff			0
2021	21,967		21,967
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	7,353		7,353
2020, Writeoff			0
2019	461		461
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	13,130		13,130
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	243,112		243,112
Current period gross charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	14,403		14,403
Residential mortgage | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					207,335
Residential mortgage | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	42,601		42,601
2022	157,600		157,600
2021	21,967		21,967
2020	7,353		7,353
2019	461		461
Prior	11,408		11,408
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	241,390		241,390
Total loans					205,881
Residential mortgage | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020
2019	0		0
Prior	1,722		1,722
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	1,722		1,722
Residential mortgage real estate loans accounted under fair value option, at fair value	550		550		558
Total loans					1,454
Consumer
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	41		41
2023, Writeoff			0
2022	35		35
2022, Writeoff			(1)
2021	0		0
2021, Writeoff			0
2020	0		0
2020, Writeoff			0
2019	34		34
2019, Writeoff			0
Prior	248		248
Prior, Writeoff			0
Revolving Loans	76		76
Revolving Loans, Writeoff			0
Loans, net of fees and costs	434		434
Current period gross charge-offs	(1)	$ 0	(1)	$ 0
Total loans	434		434		488
Consumer | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans					488
Consumer | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	41		41
2022	35		35
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	34		34
Prior	248		248
Revolving Loans	76		76
Loans, net of fees and costs	434		434
Total loans					488
Consumer | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
2019	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans	0		0
Loans, net of fees and costs	$ 0		$ 0
Total loans					$ 0

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Carrying value based on performance status (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	$ 1,883,424	$ 1,735,598
Loans at fair value	13,231	14,502
Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		346,809
Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		344,453
Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		2,356
Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		1,374,287
Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		1,281,804
Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		43,766
Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		48,717
Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Commercial mortgage | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		565,400
Commercial mortgage | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		536,705
Commercial mortgage | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		25,309
Commercial mortgage | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		3,386
Commercial mortgage | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Home equity lines and loans | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		59,399
Home equity lines and loans | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		57,822
Home equity lines and loans | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Home equity lines and loans | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		1,577
Home equity lines and loans | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Construction | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		271,955
Construction | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		260,085
Construction | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		11,870
Construction | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Construction | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Commercial and industrial
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	299,861	341,378
Commercial and industrial | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		341,378
Commercial and industrial | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		295,502
Commercial and industrial | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		6,587
Commercial and industrial | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	31,100	39,289
Commercial and industrial | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Small business loans
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	141,265	136,155
Small business loans | Evaluated based on credit quality indicators
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		136,155
Small business loans | Pass/Watch
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		131,690
Small business loans | Special Mention
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Small business loans | Substandard
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		4,465
Small business loans | Doubtful
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Residential mortgage | Residential mortgage
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Loans at fair value	$ 14,403
Residential mortgage | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		207,335
Residential mortgage | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		205,881
Residential mortgage | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		$ 1,454
Number of loans | loan	4	4
Loans at fair value	$ 550	$ 558
Consumer
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	434	488
Consumer | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		488
Consumer | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		488
Consumer | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		0
Leases, net
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans	$ 138,963	138,986
Leases, net | Evaluated by performance status
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		138,986
Leases, net | Performing
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		138,084
Leases, net | Nonperforming
Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings
Total loans		$ 902

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Impaired loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, recorded investment			$ 14,829
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, unpaid principal balance			15,825
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			2,225
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			9,349
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			9,406
Grand Total
Impaired Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment			24,178
Impaired Financing Receivable, Unpaid Principal Balance			25,231
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			2,225
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, average recorded investment	$ 16,861	$ 17,029
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	9,369	9,457
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	88	364
Impaired financing receivable, average recorded investment	26,230	26,486
Impaired financing receivable, interest income recognized	88	364
Commercial and industrial
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, recorded investment			11,099
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, unpaid principal balance			12,095
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			776
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			1,448
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			1,494
Grand Total
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			776
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, average recorded investment	16,195	16,363
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	286	293
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	0	0
Commercial mortgage
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			2,445
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			2,456
Grand Total
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	4,212	4,257
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	29	77
Small business loans
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, recorded investment			3,730
Impaired financing receivable, with related allowance, unpaid principal balance			3,730
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			1,449
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			797
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			797
Grand Total
Impaired Financing Receivable, Related Allowance			1,449
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, average recorded investment	666	666
Impaired financing receivable, individuals evaluated loans with related allowance, interest income recognized	0	0
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	819	835
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	2	7
Home equity lines and loans
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			1,097
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			1,097
Grand Total
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	878	878
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	15	39
Residential mortgage
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			1,454
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			1,454
Grand Total
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	1,468	1,478
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	22	190
Construction
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			1,206
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			1,206
Grand Total
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	1,206	1,206
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	20	51
Leases, net
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, recorded investment			902
Impaired financing receivable, with no related allowance, unpaid principal balance			$ 902
Grand Total
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, average recorded investment	500	510
Impaired financing received, individually evaluated loans without related allowance, interest income recognized	$ 0	$ 0

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Troubled debt restructuring (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]
TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases	$ 207
TDRs in compliance with modified terms	3,573
Total TDRs	$ 3,780

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan modifications granted categorized as TDRs (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 loan	Sep. 30, 2023 loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff, after Recovery [Abstract]
Number of loan modifications | loan	3	4	1
New loan modifications			$ 684
Number of loans paid off | loans			2
Loan modifications, paid off			$ 563

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Modifications to debtors experiencing financial difficulty (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2022 loan
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan	3	4	1
Amortized Cost Basis | $	$ 1,517	$ 3,924
Related Reserve | $	$ 0	$ 0
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan	2	3
Amortized Cost Basis | $	$ 306	$ 1,712
Related Reserve | $	$ 77	$ 499
Extend maturity date
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan	4	4
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan	3	3
Commercial and industrial
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan		1
Amortized Cost Basis | $		$ 2,407
Percentage of Total Class of Financing Receivable (as a percent)		0.80%
Related Reserve | $		$ 0
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan		1
Amortized Cost Basis | $		$ 1,406
Percentage of Total Class of Financing Receivable (as a percent)		0.005
Related Reserve | $		$ 422
Commercial and industrial | Extend maturity date
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan	1	1
Commercial and industrial | Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan	1	1
Small business loans
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan	3	3
Amortized Cost Basis | $	$ 1,517	$ 1,517
Percentage of Total Class of Financing Receivable (as a percent)	1.10%	1.10%
Related Reserve | $	$ 0	$ 0
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan	2	2
Amortized Cost Basis | $	$ 306	$ 306
Percentage of Total Class of Financing Receivable (as a percent)	0.002	0.002
Related Reserve | $	$ 77	$ 77
Small business loans | Extend maturity date
Accruing Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of loan modifications | loan	3	3
Small business loans | Extend term and allow additional lender funding
Nonaccrual Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty:
Number of Loans | loan	2	2

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) facility	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Short-Term Borrowings
Borrowings	$ 150,348,000	$ 113,147,000
Letters of credit
Short-Term Borrowings
Maximum borrowing capacity	637,600,000	505,400,000
Proceeds from long term debt	$ 112,700,000
Federal funds purchased
Short-Term Borrowings
Number of borrowing facilities | facility	1
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 0	0
Federal funds purchased, facility two
Short-Term Borrowings
Maximum borrowing capacity	15,000,000
Federal Reserve discount window
Short-Term Borrowings
Maximum borrowing capacity	7,700,000
Borrowings	0	0
BTFP Advances
Short-Term Borrowings
Maximum borrowing capacity	33,000,000
Borrowings	$ 33,000,000	$ 0

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt - Short-term borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Short-Term Borrowings
Short term borrowings	$ 150,348	$ 113,147
Open Repo Plus Weekly 0.33 Percent Maturing On 6/10/2024
Short-Term Borrowings
Interest rate	5.68%
Short term borrowings	$ 117,348	113,147
BTFP Advances
Short-Term Borrowings
Interest rate	4.76%
Short term borrowings	$ 33,000	$ 0

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Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt - Long-term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mid-term Repo Fixed
Long Term Debt
Long-term debt	$ 27,611	$ 8,935
Mid-term Repo Fixed Maturing On 12/22/2025
Long Term Debt
Long term debt, interest rate	4.23%
Long-term debt	$ 8,935	8,935
Mid-term Repo Fixed Maturing On 09/30/2024
Long Term Debt
Long term debt, interest rate	4.60%
Long-term debt	$ 3,432	0
Mid Term Repo Fixed Maturing On 7/14/2023
Long Term Debt
Long term debt, interest rate	4.57%
Long-term debt	$ 15,244	$ 0

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Servicing Assets - Residential Mortgage Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period			$ 12,346
Balance at end of the period	$ 11,835		11,835
Mortgage Servicing Rights
Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]
Loans serviced	1,000,000		1,000,000		$ 1,000,000
Servicing fee income	612	$ 643	1,900	$ 1,900
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	9,238	10,610	9,942	10,756
Servicing rights capitalized	9	65	9	648
Amortization of servicing rights	(319)	(356)	(1,025)	(1,092)
Change in valuation allowance	0	(4)	2	3
Balance at end of the period	8,928	10,315	8,928	10,315
Valuation Allowance for Impairment of Recognized Servicing Assets [Roll Forward]
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	0	(1)	(2)	(8)
Impairment	0	(4)	0	(4)
Recovery	0	0	2	7
Valuation allowance, end of the period	0	(5)	0	(5)
SBA Loan Servicing Rights
Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]
Loans serviced	211,100		211,100		$ 166,100
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	2,955	2,250	2,404	2,009
Servicing rights capitalized	373	306	1,099	1,146
Amortization of servicing rights	(243)	(173)	(690)	(523)
Change in valuation allowance	(178)	109	94	(140)
Balance at end of the period	2,907	2,492	2,907	2,492
Valuation Allowance for Impairment of Recognized Servicing Assets [Roll Forward]
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	(92)	(345)	(364)	(96)
Impairment	(178)	0	(178)	(280)
Recovery	0	109	272	140
Valuation allowance, end of the period	$ (270)	$ (236)	$ (270)	$ (236)

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Servicing Assets - MSR Sensitivity Analysis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgage Servicing Rights
Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value of Interests Continued to be Held by Transferor, Servicing Assets or Liabilities, Impact of Adverse Change in Assumption [Line Items]
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights	$ 11,977	$ 11,567
Weighted average life (months)	28 months	22 months
Prepayment speed	8.73%	8.05%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (512)	$ (268)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (986)	$ (525)
Discount rate	9.50%	9.50%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in the discount rate	$ (460)	$ (404)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in the discount rate	(889)	(777)
SBA Loan Servicing Rights
Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value of Interests Continued to be Held by Transferor, Servicing Assets or Liabilities, Impact of Adverse Change in Assumption [Line Items]
Fair value of residential mortgage servicing rights	$ 3,009	$ 2,422
Weighted average life (months)	3 years 6 months	3 years 9 months 18 days
Prepayment speed	13.79%	12.73%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (102)	$ (73)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (196)	$ (141)
Discount rate	17.06%	18.96%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in the discount rate	$ (64)	$ (53)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in the discount rate	$ (125)	$ (104)

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Servicing Assets - SBA Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period			$ 12,346
Balance at end of the period	$ 11,835		11,835
SBA Loan Servicing Rights
Servicing Assets at Fair Value [Line Items]
Loans serviced	211,100		211,100		$ 166,100
Servicing Asset at Amortized Cost, Balance [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	2,955	$ 2,250	2,404	$ 2,009
Servicing rights capitalized	373	306	1,099	1,146
Amortization of servicing rights	(243)	(173)	(690)	(523)
Change in valuation allowance	(178)	109	94	(140)
Balance at end of the period	2,907	2,492	2,907	2,492
Valuation Allowance for Impairment of Recognized Servicing Assets [Roll Forward]
Valuation allowance, beginning of period	(92)	(345)	(364)	(96)
Impairment	(178)	0	(178)	(280)
Recovery	0	109	272	140
Valuation allowance, end of the period	$ (270)	$ (236)	$ (270)	$ (236)

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Servicing Assets - SBA Sensitivity Analysis (Details) - SBA Loan Servicing Rights - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Sensitivity Analysis of Fair Value of Interests Continued to be Held by Transferor, Servicing Assets or Liabilities, Impact of Adverse Change in Assumption [Line Items]
Fair value of SBA loan servicing rights	$ 3,009	$ 2,422
Weighted average life (months)	3 years 6 months	3 years 9 months 18 days
Prepayment speed	13.79%	12.73%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (102)	$ (73)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in prepayment speed	$ (196)	$ (141)
Discount rate	17.06%	18.96%
Impact on fair value of a 10% adverse change in the discount rate	$ (64)	$ (53)
Impact on fair value of a 20% adverse change in the discount rate	$ (125)	$ (104)

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	$ 122,218	$ 135,346
Equity investments	2,019	2,086
U.S. asset backed securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,476	15,281
U.S. government agency MBS
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,134	11,739
U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	19,372	23,318
State and municipal securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	33,385	38,838
Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	10,220	9,089
Corporate bonds
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	7,102	7,558
Recurring
Assets
Equity investments	2,019	2,086
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144	22,243
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231	14,502
Total	166,303	178,110
Liabilities
Total	4,410	3,895
Recurring | U.S. asset backed securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,476	15,281
Recurring | U.S. government agency MBS
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,134	11,739
Recurring | U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	19,372	23,318
Recurring | State and municipal securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	33,385	38,838
Recurring | U.S. Treasuries
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	29,529	29,523
Recurring | Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	10,220	9,089
Recurring | Corporate bonds
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	7,102	7,558
Recurring | Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	229	87
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	83	79
Recurring | Forward Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	50
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0
Recurring | Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	4,387	3,846
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	4,321	3,799
Recurring | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	1,023
Recurring | Risk Participation Agreements
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	6	17
Recurring | Level 1
Assets
Equity investments	0	0
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Mortgage loans held for investment	0	0
Total	29,529	29,523
Liabilities
Total	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. asset backed securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. government agency MBS
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | State and municipal securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | U.S. Treasuries
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	29,529	29,523
Recurring | Level 1 | Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Corporate bonds
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Forward Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0
Recurring | Level 1 | Risk Participation Agreements
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0	0
Recurring | Level 2
Assets
Equity investments	2,019	2,086
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144	22,243
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231	14,502
Total	136,545	148,500
Liabilities
Total	4,327	3,816
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. asset backed securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,476	15,281
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. government agency MBS
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	11,134	11,739
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	19,372	23,318
Recurring | Level 2 | State and municipal securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	33,385	38,838
Recurring | Level 2 | U.S. Treasuries
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 2 | Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	10,220	9,089
Recurring | Level 2 | Corporate bonds
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	7,102	7,558
Recurring | Level 2 | Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0	0
Recurring | Level 2 | Forward Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	50
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0
Recurring | Level 2 | Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	4,387	3,846
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	4,321	3,799
Recurring | Level 2 | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	1,023
Recurring | Level 2 | Risk Participation Agreements
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	6	17
Recurring | Level 3
Assets
Equity investments	0	0
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Mortgage loans held for investment	0	0
Total	229	87
Liabilities
Total	83	79
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. asset backed securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. government agency MBS
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | State and municipal securities
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | U.S. Treasuries
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Non-U.S. government agency CMO
Assets
Debt securities, fair value		0
Recurring | Level 3 | Corporate bonds
Assets
Debt securities, fair value	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	229	87
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	83	79
Recurring | Level 3 | Forward Commitments
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0	0
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	0	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Derivative assets, Fair value	0
Recurring | Level 3 | Risk Participation Agreements
Liabilities
Derivative Liability	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Financial assets measured at fair value on non-recurring basis (Details) - Nonrecurring - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Mortgage servicing rights	$ 8,928	$ 9,942
SBA loan servicing rights	2,907	2,404
Total	26,662	14,627
Commercial and industrial
Financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Impaired loans	12,371	0
Small business loans
Financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Impaired loans	$ 2,456	$ 2,281

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Level 3 valuation (Details) - Level 3 - Valuation, Income Approach - Measurement Input, Appraised Value $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Impaired loans	$ 14,827	$ 2,281
Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Impaired loans, measurement input (as a percent)	0.02	0.02
Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Impaired loans, measurement input (as a percent)	0.33	0.15

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Estimated fair values of financial instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Loans at fair value	$ 13,231	$ 14,502
Level 1 | Carrying amount
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	59,759	38,391
Level 1 | Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	59,759	38,391
Level 2 | Carrying amount
Financial assets:
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144	22,243
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231	14,502
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	1,808,645	1,712,479
Borrowings	177,959	122,082
Subordinated debentures	50,079	40,346
Level 2 | Fair value
Financial assets:
Mortgage loans held for sale	23,144	22,243
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,231	14,502
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	1,780,200	1,575,600
Borrowings	179,000	122,082
Subordinated debentures	50,218	40,020
Level 3 | Carrying amount
Financial assets:
Loans at fair value	1,872,398	1,729,180
Level 3 | Fair value
Financial assets:
Loans at fair value	$ 1,827,125	$ 1,679,955

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - Interest Rate Lock Commitments - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of the period	$ 261	$ 374	$ 87	$ 1,122
(Decrease) increase in value	(32)	(237)	142	(985)
Balance at end of the period	$ 229	$ 137	$ 229	$ 137

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Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures - Valuation techniques for level 3 interest rate lock (Details) - Interest Rate Lock Commitments - Level 3 - Valuation Technique, Consensus Pricing Model $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivative asset	$ 229	$ 87
Valuation technique extensible list	Valuation Technique, Consensus Pricing Model	Valuation Technique, Consensus Pricing Model
Measurement input extensible list	Loan Origination Success Rate [Member]	Loan Origination Success Rate [Member]
Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivative asset, measurement input (as a percent)	0.01	0.01
Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivative asset, measurement input (as a percent)	0.99	0.99
Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivative asset, measurement input (as a percent)	0.8412	0.8405

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	$ 242,810		$ 242,810			$ 127,456
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps used in cash flow hedges, net of tax effect of $(140), $0, $(233), and $0, respectively	497	$ 0	825	$ 0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	1,279		1,279			38
Interest Rate Swap, One
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount					$ 25,000
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)					4.07%
Interest Rate Swap, Two
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount					$ 25,000
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)					4.027%
Interest Rate Swap, Three
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount					$ 25,000
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)					4.117%
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	61,275		61,275			32,698
Assets (liabilities) fair value	146		146			8
Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	40,015		40,015			16,590
Assets (liabilities) fair value	229		229			87
Interest Rate Lock Commitments | Other liabilities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	21,260		21,260			16,108
Assets (liabilities) fair value	(83)		(83)			(79)
Forward Commitments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	6,750		6,750			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	50		50			0
Forward Commitments | Other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	6,750		6,750			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	50		50			0
Forward Commitments | Other liabilities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	0		0			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	0		0			0
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	92,674		92,674			87,558
Assets (liabilities) fair value	66		66			47
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps | Other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	46,337		46,337			43,779
Assets (liabilities) fair value	4,387		4,387			3,846
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps | Other liabilities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	46,337		46,337			43,779
Assets (liabilities) fair value	(4,321)		(4,321)			(3,799)
Risk Participation Agreements
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	7,111		7,111			7,200
Assets (liabilities) fair value	(6)		(6)			(17)
Risk Participation Agreements | Other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	0		0			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	0		0			0
Risk Participation Agreements | Other liabilities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	7,111		7,111			7,200
Assets (liabilities) fair value	(6)		(6)			(17)
Interest rate swaps
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	75,000		75,000			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	1,023		1,023			0
Interest rate swaps | Other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	75,000		75,000			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	1,023		1,023			0
Interest rate swaps | Other liabilities
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional amount	0		0			0
Assets (liabilities) fair value	$ 0		$ 0			$ 0

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	$ 693	$ 127	$ 1,241	$ (713)
Realized gain (losses) on derivatives	82	399	81	4,941
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	29	(405)	138	(1,380)
Forward Commitments
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	37	485	50	516
Customer derivatives - interest rate swaps
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	33	47	19	151
Risk Participation Agreements
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	6	0	11	0
Interest rate swaps
Summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments
Net fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments	$ 588	$ 0	$ 1,023	$ 0

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Segments - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 loan
Mortgage
Segments
Number of loan production offices	12

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Segments - Business segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Net-interest Income:
Net interest income	$ 17,224	$ 18,026	$ 52,001	$ 51,610
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	82	526	2,186	1,743
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	17,142	17,500	49,815	49,867
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	4,819	7,329	13,143	21,367
Revenue from contract with customer	1,258	1,114	3,689	3,672
SBA loan income	982	989	3,463	3,946
Net change in fair values	(356)	(996)	(544)	(4,306)
Net gain on hedging activity	82	399	81	4,941
Other	1,301	1,389	4,016	4,108
Total non-interest income	8,086	10,224	23,848	33,728
Total non-interest expense	20,018	20,261	57,422	61,400
Income (loss) before income taxes	5,210	7,463	16,241	22,195
Total Assets	2,230,971	1,921,924	2,230,971	1,921,924	$ 2,062,228
Bank
Net-interest Income:
Net interest income	17,205	17,664	51,928	50,197
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	82	526	2,186	1,743
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	17,123	17,138	49,742	48,454
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	80	72	221	394
Revenue from contract with customer	0	0	0	0
SBA loan income	982	989	3,463	3,946
Net change in fair values	38	47	30	151
Net gain on hedging activity	0	0	0	0
Other	658	622	1,982	1,776
Total non-interest income	1,758	1,730	5,696	6,267
Total non-interest expense	12,564	11,354	35,608	32,186
Income (loss) before income taxes	6,317	7,514	19,830	22,535
Total Assets	2,177,145	1,858,770	2,177,145	1,858,770
Wealth
Net-interest Income:
Net interest income	(15)	218	(12)	628
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	0	0	0	0
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	(15)	218	(12)	628
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	0	0	0	0
Revenue from contract with customer	1,258	1,114	3,689	3,672
SBA loan income	0	0	0	0
Net change in fair values	0	0	0	0
Net gain on hedging activity	0	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	(1)
Total non-interest income	1,258	1,114	3,689	3,671
Total non-interest expense	826	780	2,704	2,480
Income (loss) before income taxes	417	552	973	1,819
Total Assets	8,833	7,927	8,833	7,927
Mortgage
Net-interest Income:
Net interest income	34	144	85	785
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	0	0	0	0
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	34	144	85	785
Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income	4,739	7,257	12,922	20,973
Revenue from contract with customer	0	0	0	0
SBA loan income	0	0	0	0
Net change in fair values	(394)	(1,043)	(574)	(4,457)
Net gain on hedging activity	82	399	81	4,941
Other	643	767	2,034	2,333
Total non-interest income	5,070	7,380	14,463	23,790
Total non-interest expense	6,628	8,127	19,110	26,734
Income (loss) before income taxes	(1,524)	(603)	(4,562)	(2,159)
Total Assets	$ 44,993	$ 55,227	$ 44,993	$ 55,227

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Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Debt Origination Costs	$ (776)	$ (776)	$ (826)
Long-term debt	$ 50,079	$ 50,079	40,346
2023 Debentures
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.00%	8.00%
2023 Debentures | Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	$ 9,740	$ 9,740	0
2019 Debentures
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)		5.38%
2019 Debentures | Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	40,000	$ 40,000	40,000
2013 Debentures
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)		6.50%
2013 Debentures | Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	596	$ 596	653
2011 Debentures
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)		6.00%
2011 Debentures | Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	463	$ 463	463
2008 Debentures
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)		6.00%
2008 Debentures | Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	$ 56	$ 56	$ 56
Subordinated borrowing, term (in years)	10 years