SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature Of Operations

Nature of Operations

MetroCity Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed for the sole purpose of owning and operating its wholly owned subsidiary, Metro City Bank (the “Bank”). The Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of the Bank in a holding company formation transaction on December 31, 2014. The Bank is a Georgia state-chartered bank and commenced operations in 2006. The Bank’s main office is located in Doraville, Georgia, and it operates branches in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, New York, New Jersey, Texas and Virginia. The main emphasis of the Bank is on commercial banking and it offers such customary banking services as consumer and commercial checking accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial and consumer loans, including single family residential loans, money transfers and a variety of other banking services. The Company is subject to the regulations of Federal and State banking agencies and is periodically examined by them.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with general practices within the financial services industry. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The Company has evaluated subsequent events for recognition and disclosure through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk

A substantial portion of the Company’s loan portfolio is to customers in the Atlanta, Georgia and New York, New York metropolitan areas. The ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the portfolio is therefore susceptible to changes in the economic and market condition in and around this area.

The nature of the Company’s business requires that it maintain amounts due from banks, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined as those amounts included in the balance sheet caption “cash and due from banks,” which includes cash on hand, cash items in process of collection, and amounts due from banks. Cash flows from loans, federal funds sold, other borrowings, and deposits are reported net.

Prior to 2020, cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank was required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. These regulatory reserve required amounts were included in Cash and Due from Banks. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, no cash or cash equivalents balances were restricted.

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Debt securities that management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as securities held to maturity and are recorded at amortized cost. Securities not classified as securities held to maturity, are securities available for sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of the related tax effect. There were no held to maturity or trading securities at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the terms of the securities. A decline in the market value of any available for sale or held to maturity security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. The general standards of accounting for other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses requires the recognition of an OTTI loss in earnings only when an entity: (1) intends to sell the debt security; (2) more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; or (3) does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. Realized gains and losses for securities classified as available for sale are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the amortized cost of securities sold.

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values (marketable) are measured at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized as a component of Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock represents an equity interest in a FHLB. It does not have a readily determinable fair value because its ownership is restricted and it lacks a market. The amount of FHLB stock held by the Company is required by the FHLB to be maintained and is based on membership requirements and terms of advance agreements. Such restricted equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Loans transferred to the held-for-sale category are transferred at the lower of cost or fair value, with charges made recognized as a realized loss on sale of loans. Increases in fair value are not recognized until the loans are sold.

Realized gains and losses on sales of loans are based upon specific identification of the loan sold and included in noninterest income. Loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights retained and recorded at fair value at sale as servicing assets.

The Company sometimes sells the guaranteed portion of SBA loans and retains the unguaranteed portion (“retained  interest”). A portion of the premium on sale of SBA loans is recognized as gain on sale of loans at the time of the sale by allocating the carrying amount  between the asset sold and the retained interest, including these servicing assets, based on their relative fair values. The remaining portion of the premium is recorded as a discount on the retained interest and is amortized over the remaining life of the loan as an adjustment to yield. The retained interest, net of any discount, are included in loans, less allowance for loan losses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Loans

Loans

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal, adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

Interest on commercial, real estate loans and installment loans is credited to income on a daily basis based upon the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield of the related loan.

Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued and placed on non-accrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Mortgage loans are charged off at 180 days past due, and commercial loans are charged off to the extent principal or interest is deemed uncollectible. Consumer loans continue to accrue interest until they are charged off no later than 120 days past due unless the loan is in the process of collection. Past-due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans.

When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against current interest income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable time frame.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Impaired loans are measured by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impairment, if any, and any subsequent changes are included in the allowance for loan losses.

The Company has sold guaranteed portions of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans in the SBA secondary market and continues to service these loans. Gains or losses on guaranteed portions of SBA loans which are sold are recorded in other income, based on the net proceeds received and the basis in the portion of the loan sold. The basis in the portion of the loan sold is determined by allocating a portion of the loan carrying value to the portion sold based on its fair value, relative to the fair value of the portion of the loan retained and the estimated servicing asset.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. The allowance for loan losses is increased by provision charges to income and decreased by charge-offs (net of recoveries). Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes the collection of the principal is unlikely. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb estimated probable inherent loan losses and estimated losses relating to specifically identified loans. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based upon many factors, including loan growth, net charge-offs, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, delinquencies, management’s assessment of the quality of the loan portfolio, the valuation of problem loans and the general economic conditions in our market areas.

This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that are susceptible to significant change including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in local economic conditions. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for losses on loans. Such agencies may require the

Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. Because of these factors, it is reasonably possible that the allowance for losses on loans may change materially in the near term. However, the amount of the change that is reasonably possible cannot be estimated.

The allowance for loan losses may consist of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  

Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and classified as impaired.

Impaired loans are measured by either the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of the impairment, if any, and any subsequent changes are included in the allowance for loan losses.

General allowances are established for non-impaired loans. These loans are assigned a risk rating, and the allocated allowance for loan losses is determined based upon the loss percentage factors that correspond to each risk rating. Loss percentage factors are based on both historical loss experience and peer data, adjusted for qualitative factors. The qualitative factors consider credit concentrations, recent levels and trends in delinquencies and nonaccrual loans, and growth in the loan portfolio. The occurrence of certain events could result in changes to the loss factors. Accordingly, these loss factors are reviewed periodically and modified by management. General allowances are established for loans that can be pooled into pools based on similar characteristics. Loss percentage factors applied to these pools are based on an analysis of historical charge-off experience and expected losses given default derived from the Company’s internal risk rating process. These factors are developed and applied to the portfolio in terms of loan type and line of business. Adjustments are also made to the allowance for the pools after an assessment of internal and external influences on credit quality that have not yet been reflected in the historical loss or risk rating data.

The general allowances are determined based on consideration of historical loss data, the various risk characteristics of each loan segment, and whether the loans are within or outside the Company’s general market area. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:

Construction and development – Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is derived from the sale of the property as well as construction projects in which the property will ultimately be used by the borrower. Credit risk is affected by cost overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions.

Commercial real estate – Loans in this segment are primarily income-producing properties. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy as evidenced by increased vacancy rates, which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows of these loans.

Commercial and industrial – Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased customer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.

Single family residential mortgages – Loans in this segment include loans for residential real estate. Loans in this segment are dependent on credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates will have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.

Consumer and other – Loans in this segment are made to individuals and are secured by personal assets, as well as loans for farmland and other loans. Loans in this segment are dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed Real Estate

Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are to be sold and are initially recorded at the lesser of the investment in the property or fair value less selling costs at the date of foreclosure establishing a new cost basis. Any write down to fair value at the time of foreclosure is charged to the allowance for loan losses. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the real estate is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Costs of improvements are capitalized, whereas costs relating to holding foreclosed real estate and subsequent adjustment to the value are expensed.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, computed principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements have a useful life equal to the shorter of useful life or lease term. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful life of the premises and equipment are charged to expense. Expenditures for new or major improvements of premises and equipment (i.e. construction in process) are capitalized until placed in service and then depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

The useful lives of premises and equipment are as follows:

Asset Type	Useful Life
Building	40 years
Leasehold improvements	3-20 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	5-7 years
Computer equipment	4-5 years
Computer software	3 years

SBA and USDA Loan Servicing Rights

SBA and USDA Loan Servicing Rights

SBA and USDA Loan servicing rights on originated loans that have been sold are capitalized by allocating the total cost of the loans between the loan servicing rights and the loans based on their relative fair values. Capitalized servicing rights are measured at fair value at each reporting date and changes in fair value are reported in earnings in the period they occur. Fair values are estimated using either an independent valuation or by discounted cash flows based on a current market interest rate.

Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights

Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights

When residential mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. Residential mortgage servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

Residential mortgage servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk

characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Residential mortgage servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal; or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of residential mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI)

Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI)

The Company has purchased life insurance on the lives of certain key officers and employees of the Company. The Company purchased these life insurance policies to generate income to offset the Company’s cost of providing various employee benefits. BOLI is recorded at its cash surrender value, net of surrender charges and/or early termination charges that are probable at settlement. The increase in cash value is recorded as other income.

Interest Rate Derivatives

Interest Rate Derivatives

The Company may use interest rate swap and cap agreements to hedge various exposures or to modify interest rate characteristics of various financial instruments. The Company utilizes interest rate swap and cap agreements as part of its asset/liability management strategy to help manage its interest-rate risk position. Interest rate swaps are contracts in which a series of interest payments are exchanged over a prescribed time period. The notional amounts of the interest rate swap are correlated to match the underlying asset or liability and do not represent the amount exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.

The Company determines the effectiveness of cash flow hedges at the inception of the derivative contract based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to the likely effectiveness as a hedge. Cash flow hedges represent a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to the recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The changes in fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported currently in earnings, as noninterest income. Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in noninterest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged.

The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedge items, as well as the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship. This documentation includes linking cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. The Company will discontinue the hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged items, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.

When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as noninterest income. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into income over the same periods in which the hedged transactions will affect income.

Stock Based Compensation Plan

Stock Based Compensation Plan

The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options and restricted stock, to be recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on fair value. FASB ASC 718 requires recognition of expense equal to the fair value of the option or restricted stock share, determined using the calculated value method, over the vesting period of the option.

The fair value of stock options and warrants used to compute the recognized expense is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires input of subjective assumptions, including the expected price volatility of the underlying stock. Projected data related to the expected volatility and expected life of the stock option is based upon historical and other information. Changes in these subjective assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates. Prior to becoming a public company in October 2019, FASB ASC 718 allowed non-public companies to use calculated value to determine the expected price volatility of underlying stock for use in the model. For options granted prior to 2019, the calculated value for the Company was obtained by determining the historical volatility of public companies in the Company’s industry sector.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based on income and expense reported for financial statement purposes after the adjustment for permanent differences such as tax-exempt income. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the balance sheet method, reflecting a net deferred tax asset or liability based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, giving recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. A net deferred tax asset is evaluated for realization, and reduced by a valuation allowance when determined it is more likely than not that the asset will not be fully realized.

In accordance with ASC 740-10 Income Taxes it is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as components of income taxes and to disclose the recognized interest and penalties, if material. Management has evaluated all tax positions that could have a significant effect on the financial statements and determined the Company had no uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Further, all years subsequent to 2019 remain subject to evaluation.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends are considered participating securities for this calculation. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock options. Earnings and dividends per share are restated for all stock splits and stock dividends through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and cash flow hedges, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off balance sheet financial instruments, which are not reflected in the financial statements and consist of commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they become payable. The Company uses the same credit policies for these off-balance-sheet financial instruments as it does for other instruments that are recorded in the financial statements.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Quoted market prices, if available, are utilized as estimates of the fair values of financial instruments. Since no quoted market prices exist for a significant part of the Company's financial instruments, the fair values of such instruments have been derived based on management's assumptions, the estimated amount and timing of future cash flows and estimated discount rates.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters which will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 17. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgement regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Operating Segments

Operating Segments

While the chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations Related to COVID-19

Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations Related to COVID-19

Prior to 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the global economy, including the Company’s market areas. In response to this crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief. Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

● Accounting for Loan Modifications - The CARES Act provided that financial institutions may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a troubled debt restructure (“TDR”) and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes. The Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”), signed into law on December 27, 2020, extended the applicable period to include modification to loans held by financial institutions executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) January 1, 2022, or (ii) 60 days after the date of termination of the COVID-19 national emergency.

● Paycheck Protection Program - The CARES Act established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), an expansion of the Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program (“EIDL”), administered directly by the SBA. The CAA provided several amendments to the PPP, including additional funding for first and second draws of PPP loans up to March 31, 2021. On March 30, 2021,

the PPP Extension Act of 2021 was signed into law, which extended the program to May 31, 2021. The Company was a participant in the PPP.

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020). Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

● Accounting for Loan Modifications - Loan modifications that do not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., three months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payment.

● Past Due Reporting - With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral. A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due reporting during the period of the deferral.

● Nonaccrual Status - During short-term COVID-19 modifications, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

The Company began offering short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic.  These modifications generally involved principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to six months. These modifications generally meet the criteria of both Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the joint interagency statement, and therefore, the Company does not account for such loan modifications as TDRs.  As the COVID-19 pandemic persisted in negatively impacting the economy, the Company continued to offer additional loan modifications to borrowers struggling as a result of COVID-19.  Similar to the initial modifications granted, the additional round of loan modifications are granted specifically under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and generally involve principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to an additional six months for commercial and consumer loans, and principal-only deferrals for up to an additional 12 months for selected commercial loans. On August 3, 2020, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council on behalf of its members (collectively “the FFIEC members”) issued a joint statement on additional loan accommodations related to COVID-19. The joint statement clarifies that for loan modifications in which Section 4013 is being applied, subsequent modifications could also be eligible under Section 4013. To be eligible, each loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 event; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) December 31, 2020.  The December 31, 2020 deadline was subsequently extended to January 1, 2022, by the CAA. The loan modifications granted under Section 4013 of the CARES Act were in compliance with the aforementioned FFIEC requirements. Accordingly, the Company did not account for such loan modifications as TDRs.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between the Level 1 and Level 2 hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The update was effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted for the removed disclosures and delayed adoption until fiscal year 2020 permitted for new disclosures. As ASU 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the guidance in ASC 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill.  ASU 2019-12 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2021 and did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for accounting related to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020-04 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform and do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. ASU 2020-04 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not significantly impact our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-01 did not significantly impact our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848.” This ASU extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance provided by ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01, which are discussed above. ASU 2022-06, which was effective upon issuance, defers the sunset date of this prior guidance from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief guidance in Topic 848. The adoption of ASU 2022-06 did not significantly impact our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. For debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”), the guidance will be applied prospectively. Existing purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) assets will be grandfathered and classified as purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) assets at the date of adoption. The assets will be grossed up for the allowance of expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in interest income based on the yield of such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023.

The Company is finalizing its evaluation of the adoption of this ASU. The Company to date has selected the software vendor of choice for implementation, sourced and tested required data from the Company’s loan systems, tested data feeds to the model, contracted for and received results from independent third parties of model validation, performed an internal review of the CECL model and process, testing and finalization of internal controls, determined appropriate segmentations of its portfolio, selected a forecast period, as well as macroeconomic and qualitative assumptions, for reasonable and supportable forecasts, and has performed multiple parallel runs of the model. The Company currently estimates the allowance for loan losses will increase by a range of $3 million to $6 million as a result of the CECL adoption. In addition,

the Company expects to recognize a liability for unfunded commitments between $100,000 and $500,000 upon adoption. The CECL adoption is expected to have no impact on our available for sale securities portfolio or other financial instruments. The Company will finalize the CECL adoption during the first quarter of 2023.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of ASC Subtopic 3126-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost. ASU 2022-02 will be effective in conjunction with our CECL adoption. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company has further evaluated other Accounting Standards Updates issued during 2022 but does not expect updates other than those summarized above to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.