rvlv-10q_20190630.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 5, 2019, 13,529,411 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 55,340,994 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock were outstanding, respectively.

	December 31,		June 30,
	2018		2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,369	$	44,845
Accounts receivable, net		5,337		8,373
Inventory		102,220		102,533
Income taxes receivable		—		1,142
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		15,227		25,374
Total current assets		139,153		182,267
Property and equipment, net		5,907		14,239
Intangible assets, net		564		403
Goodwill		2,042		2,042
Other assets		731		695
Deferred income taxes		13,677		15,918
Total assets	$	162,074	$	215,564
Liabilities and Members'/Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	20,219	$	29,687
Income taxes payable		917		881
Accrued expenses		18,398		22,138
Returns reserve		29,184		36,355
Other current liabilities		13,538		15,240
Total current liabilities		82,256		104,301
Members' equity:
Class T Preferred Units, no par value—23,551,834 and zero units authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively.		15,000		—
Class A Common Units, no par value—41,936,219 and zero units authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively.		3,548		—
Stockholders' equity:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; zero and 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively; zero and 13,529,411 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively.		—		14
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value; zero and 125,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively; zero and 55,340,994 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, respectively.		—		55
Accumulated members' equity		61,270		—
Additional paid-in capital		—		72,736
Retained earnings		—		38,458
Total members'/stockholders' equity		79,818		111,263
Total liabilities and members’/stockholders’ equity	$	162,074	$	215,564

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019			2018		2019
Net sales	$	131,802	$	161,897		$	245,107	$	299,240
Cost of sales		58,470		71,479			115,342		138,068
Gross profit		73,332		90,418			129,765		161,172
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment		3,263		5,301			6,045		9,796
Selling and distribution		18,669		23,639			34,522		44,230
Marketing		21,161		24,914			36,514		44,412
General and administrative		16,145		18,836			31,085		38,105
Total operating expenses		59,238		72,690			108,166		136,543
Income from operations		14,094		17,728			21,599		24,629
Other expense, net		123		444			320		660
Income before income taxes		13,971		17,284			21,279		23,969
Provision for income tax		3,504		4,543			5,480		6,266
Net income		10,467		12,741			15,799		17,703
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		—		—			47		—
Net income attributable to Revolve Group, Inc.		10,467		12,741			15,846		17,703
Less: Repurchase of Class B common stock upon corporate conversion		—		(40,816	)		—		(40,816	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	10,467	$	(28,075	)	$	15,846	$	(23,113	)
Earnings (net loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock:
Basic	$	0.16	$	(0.57	)	$	0.24	$	(0.51	)
Diluted	$	0.15	$	(0.57	)	$	0.23	$	(0.51	)
Weighted average Class A and Class B common shares outstanding:
Basic		41,936		49,025			41,936		45,481
Diluted		44,394		49,025			44,289		45,481

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019			2018			2019
Net income	$	10,467	$	12,741		$	15,799		$	17,703
Other comprehensive income:
Cumulative translation adjustment		—		(130	)		(35	)		13
Total other comprehensive income		—		(130	)		(35	)		13
Total comprehensive income		10,467		12,611			15,764			17,716
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest		—		—			47			—
Total comprehensive income attributable to Revolve Group, Inc.	$	10,467	$	12,611		$	15,811		$	17,716

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$	15,799		$	17,703
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,459			1,584
Equity-based compensation		512			1,032
Deferred income taxes		1,410			(2,241	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(278	)		(3,036	)
Inventories		(6,061	)		(13,184	)
Income taxes receivable		3,590			(1,142	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(704	)		(271	)
Other assets		(107	)		36
Accounts payable		(3,971	)		9,468
Income taxes payable		—			(36	)
Accrued expenses		4,215			3,137
Returns reserve		9,314			7,171
Other current liabilities		449			2,462
Net cash provided by operating activities		25,627			22,683
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,077	)		(9,755	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,077	)		(9,755	)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts paid		—			57,077
Repurchase of Class B common stock upon corporate conversion		—			(40,816	)
Repayment of line of credit		(15,100	)		—
Payment of deferred offering costs		—			(726	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(15,100	)		15,535
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(35	)		13
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		9,415			28,476
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		10,588			16,369
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	20,003		$	44,845
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	87		$	—
Income taxes, net of refund	$	355		$	9,674
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
Deferred offering costs accrued, unpaid	$	—		$	603

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revolve Group, Inc., or REVOLVE, is the next-generation fashion retailer for Millennial and Generation Z consumers. As a trusted, premium lifestyle brand and a go-to source for discovery and inspiration, our website and mobile apps deliver an aspirational customer experience from a vast, yet curated offering. Our dynamic platform connects a deeply engaged community of consumers, global fashion influencers, and emerging, established and owned brands. We are headquartered in Los Angeles County, California.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or the SEC, Regulation S-X. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, can be condensed or omitted. These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for the fair statement of our financial information. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 or for any other interim period or for any other future year. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 contained in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the SEC on June 7, 2019.

Historically, Revolve Group, Inc., formerly Advance Holdings, LLC, or Advance, included its wholly owned subsidiary Advance Development, Inc. who in turn had a majority controlling interest in Forward by Elyse Walker, or FORWARD. A non-controlling interest in FORWARD was held by an outside investor, Capretto, LLC, or Capretto. Twist Holdings, LLC, or Twist, included its wholly owned subsidiaries Alliance Apparel Group, Inc. and Eminent, Inc., doing business as REVOLVE. Twist and Advance were controlled by the same group of owners. Twist and Advance are Delaware limited liability companies formed in 2012. Eminent, Inc. and Advance Development, Inc. are Delaware corporations also formed in 2012. FORWARD was formed in 2011 as a California limited liability company.

On March 15, 2018, we reorganized these entities, by contributing Twist and subsidiaries to Advance through an exchange of equity interests in Twist for additional equity interests in Advance, resulting in Advance becoming the parent and reporting entity of the consolidated group of companies. The exchange was done using an equity unit conversion ratio to ensure each Advance and Twist equity unit holder maintained the same intrinsic value before and after the exchange.

The contribution of Twist and subsidiaries in exchange for Advance equity qualified as a combination of entities under common control. Accordingly, the contribution of net assets and the issuance of equity in Advance was recorded at the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities on the date of contribution.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the new consolidated group as if the reorganization took place at the inception of the earliest period presented, January 1, 2018, under the principles of change in reporting entity guidance.

Additionally, on March 15, 2018, Capretto exchanged its equity interest in FORWARD, for an equity interest in Advance in the form of 1,309,761 Class T Preferred units. This exchange took place at book value and at a conversion ratio to ensure that there was neither a gain nor loss upon issuance of equity by Advance to Capretto. As a result, the non-controlling interest in FORWARD was eliminated on this date.

As further described in Note 4, Equity-based Compensation, consistent with the reorganization, options to purchase equity units in Twist were exchanged for options to purchase equity units in Advance and the Twist equity incentive plan was terminated.

On May 24, 2019, we effected a one-for-22.31 reverse split of all of our issued and outstanding Class T units and Class A units. All figures have been presented on the basis of the reverse split wherever applicable for all the periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Prior to our initial public offering or IPO, we operated as a Delaware limited liability company under the name Revolve Group, LLC. In connection with the IPO, Revolve Group, LLC converted into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to Revolve Group, Inc. so that the top-tier entity in our corporate structure was a corporation rather than a limited liability company, which we refer to as the Corporate Conversion. In conjunction with the Corporate Conversion, all of the outstanding Class T and Class A units of Revolve Group, LLC were converted into an aggregate of 67,889,013 shares of our Class B common stock. The holders of Class T units received an aggregate of 2,400,960 shares, representing the total preference amount for the Class T units. The remaining 65,488,053 shares of our Class B common stock were allocated on a pro rata basis to the Class T and Class A unitholders based on the number of units held by each holder. In connection with the Corporate Conversion, Revolve Group, Inc. holds all property and assets of Revolve Group, LLC and assumed all of the debts and obligations of Revolve Group, LLC. The members of the board of managers and the officers of Revolve Group, LLC became the members of the board of directors and the officers of Revolve Group, Inc.

On June 7, 2019, we completed an IPO, in which we issued and sold 2,941,176 shares of our Class A common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. We received approximately $45.8 million in net proceeds after deducting $3.3 million of underwriting discounts and approximately $3.8 million in offering costs. Upon the closing of the IPO, we used $40.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering to repurchase an aggregate of 2,400,960 shares of Class B common stock held by TSG6 L.P. and certain of its affiliates, or TSG, and Capretto.

In June 2019, we issued and sold an additional 441,176 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $18.00 per share following the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares and received proceeds of $7.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $0.5 million.

In connection with the IPO, 10,147,059 Class B shares were converted into Class A shares by the selling stockholders.

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for sales returns, the valuation of deferred tax assets, inventory, equity‑based compensation, valuation of goodwill, and the reserves for income tax uncertainties and other contingencies.

Deferred offering costs of $3.8 million, which consisted of direct incremental legal, consulting, accounting fees and other direct costs relating to the IPO were capitalized and offset against proceeds upon the consummation of the IPO, which became effective on June 6, 2019.

Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, we meet the definition of an emerging growth company. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act.

On January 1, 2019 we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfer of Assets Other than Inventory. This ASU removes the prohibition against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The adoption of this ASU in the first quarter of 2019 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2019 we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contacts with Customers (Topic 606), and its subsequent updates, which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance under Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 605. It provides principles for recognizing revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers with the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Upon the adoption of ASC 606 under the modified retrospective approach, we have recorded a net increase of $0.3 million to beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 resulting primarily from the recognition of breakage revenue from estimated unredeemed store credit and gift cards over the expected customer redemption period. In addition, we have prospectively separately stated expected merchandise to be returned net of related costs within prepaid expenses and other current assets rather than including it in our inventory balance within our consolidated balance sheets. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019 and thereafter are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 605. For more information on the transitional impact of adopting Topic 606, see the section entitled “Net Sales” below.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under this new guidance, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The update also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. This guidance is effective for us for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning December 15, 2021 with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). A lessee is generally required to recognize the lessee’s rights and obligations resulting from leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The new standard requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. This new lease guidance is effective for us for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. As currently issued, the standard requires recognizing and measuring leases using a modified retrospective approach or allowing for application of the guidance at the beginning of the period in which it is adopted by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. We are evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

As a result of applying Topic 606, the impact to our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2019
	As reported		Impact due to ASC 606			Without adoption
Assets:
Inventory	$	102,533	$	13,589		$	116,122
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		25,374		(12,871	)		12,503
Total assets		215,564		718			216,282
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities		15,240		1,094			16,334
Total current liabilities		104,301		1,094			105,395
Stockholders' equity:
Retained earnings		38,458		(376	)		38,082
Total liabilities and members’/stockholders’ equity		215,564		718			216,282

As a result of applying Topic 606, the impact to our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):

As a result of applying Topic 606, the impact to our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was not material.

Revenue is primarily derived from the sale of apparel merchandise through our sites and, when applicable, shipping revenue. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2019, revenue was recognized when all of the following criteria were satisfied in accordance with the then applicable accounting literature: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed; (2) the sales price was fixed or determinable; (3) collectability was reasonably

assured; and (4) the product had been shipped and title passed to the customer. These criteria were met when the customer ordered an item, the customer’s credit card had been charged, and the item was fulfilled and shipped to the customer. In accordance with ASC 606, we now recognize revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. A contract is created with our customer at the time the order is placed by the customer, which creates a single performance obligation to deliver the product to the customer. We recognize revenue for our single performance obligation at the time control of the merchandise passes to the customer, which is at the time of shipment. In addition, we have elected to treat shipping and handling as fulfillment activities and not a separate performance obligation.

In accordance with our return policy, merchandise returns are accepted for full refund if returned within 30 days of the original purchase date and may be exchanged up to 60 days from the original purchase date. At the time of sale, we establish a reserve for merchandise returns, based on historical experience and expected future returns, which is recorded as a reduction of sales and cost of sales.

The following table presents a rollforward of our sales return reserve for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the six months ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

We may also issue store credit in lieu of cash refunds and sell gift cards without expiration dates to our customers. Store credits issued and proceeds from the issuance of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue, net of breakage, and recognized as revenue when the store credit or gift cards are redeemed or, as a result of the adoption of ASC 606, upon inclusion in our store credit and gift card breakage estimates. Revenue recognized in net sales on breakage on store credit and gift cards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. We did not recognize any revenue related to unredeemed gift cards or store credits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Sales taxes and duties collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales. We currently collect sales taxes in all states that have adopted laws imposing sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers and are subject to audits by state governments of sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect sales taxes, whether for prior years or prospectively. No significant interest or penalties related to sales taxes are recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have exposure to losses from fraudulent credit card charges. We record losses when incurred related to these fraudulent charges as amounts have historically been insignificant.

See Note 9, Segment Information, for disaggregation of revenue by brand and by geographic area.

On March 23, 2016, we entered into a line of credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A, with an expiration date of March 23, 2021. The line of credit provides us with up to $75.0 million aggregate principal in revolver borrowings, based on eligible inventory and accounts receivable less reserves, and expires on March 23, 2021. Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest, at our option, at (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate and (c) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, or (2) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. No debt was outstanding as of December 31, 2018 or June 30, 2019.

We are also obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an unused commitment fee. The credit agreement also permits us, in certain circumstances, to request an increase in the facility by an additional amount of up to $25.0 million (in an initial minimum amount of $10 million and in increments of $5 million thereafter) at the same maturity, pricing and other terms. Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement also contains customary covenants restricting our activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in mergers and acquisitions, enter in transactions involving related parties, obtain letters of credit, incur indebtedness or grant liens or negative pledges on our assets, make loans or make other investments. Under the covenants, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends with respect to our capital stock.

In 2013, Twist and Advance adopted equity incentive plans, which we refer to collectively as the 2013 Plan, pursuant to which the board of managers could grant options to purchase Class A units to officers and employees. Options could be granted with an exercise price equal to or greater than the unit’s fair value at the date of grant. All issued awards have 10 year terms and generally vest and become fully exercisable annually over five years of service from the date of grant. Awards will become fully vested upon the sale of the company.

On March 15, 2018, in connection with the reorganization described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to which Revolve Group, Inc. issued Class T and Class A units to its members in exchange for the Class T and Class A units of Twist, all outstanding options to purchase Class A units of Twist granted under the Twist Holdings, LLC 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, each of which we refer to as a Twist Option, were exchanged for options to purchase Class A units of Revolve Group, Inc. under the 2013 Plan. The number of Revolve Group, Inc. Class A units and the per unit exercise price of each Converted Option was adjusted from the underlying Twist Option by taking into account the implied values of Twist and Revolve Group, Inc. as of immediately before the exchange and in a manner that did not result in an increase to the intrinsic value of the Converted Option. As no incremental value was created for the option holders as a result of the restructuring, no incremental equity-based compensation expense was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 related to the exchange. In connection with the reorganization described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, the 2013 Plan was amended to increase the maximum number of Class A units available to be issued to 6,207,978.

Upon the effectiveness of the Corporate Conversion on June 6, 2019, as discussed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, the options to purchase Class A units of Revolve Group, LLC were converted into options to purchase Class B common stock of Revolve Group, Inc. on a 1:1 basis and in a manner that did not result in an increase to the intrinsic value of the converted option.

In September 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, which became effective in June 2019. Under the 2019 Plan, a total of 4,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock are reserved for issuance. Upon the completion of our IPO, the 2019 Plan replaced the 2013 Plan, however, the 2013 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted under that plan. The number of shares that will be available for issuance under our 2019 Plan also will increase annually on the first day of each year beginning in 2020, in an amount equal to the least of: (a) 6,900,000 shares, (b) 5% of the outstanding shares of all classes of our common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding year and (c) such other amount as our board of directors may determine. All future grants going forward will be issued under the 2019 Plan. As of June 30, 2019 we have not issued any options to purchase Class A common stock under the 2019 plan.

All historical data presented in the tables within this footnote have been recast to retroactively reflect all share and per share data of options as if they had been issued by Revolve Group, Inc. and that both the reverse split and Corporate Conversion had occurred. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information regarding the reverse split and Corporate Conversion.

Equity option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 for the 2013 Plan is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Balance at January 1, 2019		5,139,304		$	6.22		7.1	$	48,416
Granted		67,232			15.62		10.0
Exercised		—			—		—
Forfeited		(39,180	)		15.62		—
Expired		—			—		—
Balance at June 30, 2019		5,167,356			6.27		6.6		145,863
Exercisable at June 30, 2019		3,519,324			3.75		5.5		108,222
Vested and expected to vest		5,056,805			6.28		6.5		142,712

The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $6.48 per share.

As of June 30, 2019, there was $8.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options granted under the 2013 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average service period of 4.4 years.

Equity‑based compensation cost that has been included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income amounted to $0.4 million, $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. There was no income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for equity‑based compensation arrangements for any period presented.

We record a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Although we cannot predict with assurance the outcome of any litigation or tax matters, we do not believe there are currently any such actions that, if resolved unfavorably, would have a material impact on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to vendors, directors, officers and other parties with respect to certain matters. We have not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and U.K. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates or whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. Our provision for income taxes does not include any reserve provision because we believe that all of our tax positions are highly certain.

The following table summarizes our effective tax rate for the periods presented (in thousands):

The increases in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, were primarily due to income generated from our U.K. subsidiary and the impact of certain nondeductible expenses.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or U.S. Tax Reform, was enacted. Effective January 1, 2018, the legislation significantly changed U.S. tax law by modifying the foreign earnings deferral provisions. These changes include a tax on global intangible low-taxed income provisions, or GILTI, and a deduction for foreign-derived intangible income, or FDII. The U.S. Tax Act creates a new requirement that certain income earned by foreign subsidiaries, known as GILTI, must be included in the gross income of the subsidiary's U.S. shareholder. The FASB allows an accounting policy election of either recognizing deferred taxes for temporary differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or recognizing such taxes as a current period expense when incurred. We have elected to treat GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

Changes in members’/stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Class T Preferred Units				Class A Common Units				Accumulated Members'			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number		Amount		Number		Amount		Equity			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit data)
Beginning Balance		23,551,834	$	15,000		41,936,219	$	2,257	$	36,172		$	53,429
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—		403		—			403
Cumulative translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		(35	)		(35	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		10,467			10,467
Ending Balance		23,551,834	$	15,000		41,936,219	$	2,660	$	46,604		$	64,264

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Class T Preferred Units				Class A Common Units				Non- Controlling			Accumulated Members'			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number		Amount		Number		Amount		Interest			Equity			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit data)
Beginning Balance		22,242,073	$	15,000		41,936,219	$	2,148	$	(623	)	$	31,463		$	47,988
Issuance of Units and Repurchases of Non-controlling Interest		1,309,761		—		—		—		670			(670	)		—
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—		512		—			—			512
Cumulative translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		—			(35	)		(35	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		(47	)		15,846			15,799
Ending Balance		23,551,834	$	15,000		41,936,219	$	2,660	$	—		$	46,604		$	64,264

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Class T Preferred Units						Class A Common Units						Common Stock						Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Members' Equity/ Retained			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Capital		Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit and share data)
Beginning Balance		23,551,834		$	15,000			41,936,219		$	4,059			—		$	—		$	—	$	66,661		$	85,720
Corporate conversion		(23,551,834	)		(15,000	)		(41,936,219	)		(4,059	)		67,889,013			68			18,991		—			—
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—			—			—			—			(2,400,960	)		(2	)		—		(40,814	)		(40,816	)
Issuance of Class A common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs		—			—			—			—			3,382,352			3			53,224		—			53,227
Equity-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			521		—			521
Cumulative translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		(130	)		(130	)
Net income		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		12,741			12,741
Ending Balance		—		$	—			—		$	—			68,870,405		$	69		$	72,736	$	38,458		$	111,263

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Class T Preferred Units						Class A Common Units						Common Stock						Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Members' Equity/Retained			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Capital		Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit and share data)
Beginning Balance		23,551,834		$	15,000			41,936,219		$	3,548			—		$	—		$	—	$	61,270		$	79,818
Corporate conversion		(23,551,834	)		(15,000	)		(41,936,219	)		(3,548	)		67,889,013			68			18,480		—			—
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—			—			—			—			(2,400,960	)		(2	)		—		(40,814	)		(40,816	)
Issuance of Class A common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs		—			—			—			—			3,382,352			3			53,224		—			53,227
Equity-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			1,032		—			1,032
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		286			286
Cumulative translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		13			13
Net income		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		17,703			17,703
Ending Balance		—		$	—			—		$	—			68,870,405		$	69		$	72,736	$	38,458		$	111,263

Basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities and multiple classes of common stock. We consider the Class T preferred units, which were outstanding prior to the Corporate Conversion, to be a participating security. In connection with our IPO, we established two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except for voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible at any time into one share of Class A common stock.

Undistributed earnings allocated to the Class T preferred units are subtracted from net income in determining net income attributable to common stockholders. Basic earnings (net loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a participating security, the Class T preferred units are excluded from basic weighted-average common shares outstanding.

Diluted earnings (net loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive stock options. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, our potential dilutive shares relating to stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings (net loss) per share as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive. The undistributed earnings (net losses) are allocated based on the participation rights of Class A and Class B common shares as if the earnings for the year have been distributed and losses allocated. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for both classes, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. For the purpose of calculating basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the $40.8 million of Class B shares issued and subsequently repurchased in connection with our IPO to satisfy the total preference amount for the Class T Units is treated as a dividend and subtracted from net income available to common stockholders on a proportionate basis. In addition, the net losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were not allocated to our participating security as the Class T preferred units were not contractually obligated to share in the Company’s losses.

Basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share and the weighted-average shares outstanding have been computed for all periods shown below to give effect to the reverse split, the Corporate Conversion, and the repurchase of Class B shares that occurred in connection with our IPO. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information regarding the reverse split and Corporate Conversion.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019						2018			2019
	Class B			Class A			Class B			Class B			Class A			Class B
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator
Net income	$	10,467		$	912		$	11,829		$	15,799		$	683		$	17,020
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		—			—			—			47			—			—
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—			(2,922	)		(37,894	)		—			(1,575	)		(39,241	)
Undistributed earnings to participating security		(3,764	)		—			—			(5,599	)		—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	6,703		$	(2,010	)	$	(26,065	)	$	10,247		$	(892	)	$	(22,221	)
Denominator
Weighted average shares used to compute basic earnings (net loss) per share — basic		41,936			3,510			45,515			41,936			1,755			43,726
Effect of dilutive stock options		2,458			—			—			2,353			—			—
Weighted average number of shares used to compute diluted earnings (net loss) per share — diluted		44,394			3,510			45,515			44,289			1,755			43,726
Earnings (net loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.16		$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.24		$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)
Diluted	$	0.15		$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.23		$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)

The following have been excluded from the computation of basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

We have two reportable segments, REVOLVE and FORWARD, each offering clothing, shoes, accessories, and beauty products available for sale to customers through their respective websites. Our reportable segments have been identified based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions, and evaluate operating performance. Our chief operating decision makers are our co-chief executive officers. We evaluate the performance of our reportable segments based on net sales and gross profit. Management does not evaluate the performance of our reportable segments using asset measures.

Revenue from external customers for each group of similar products and services is not reported to our chief operating decision makers. The separate identification for purposes of segment disclosure is impracticable, as it is not readily available and the cost to develop would be excessive. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, no customer represented over 10% of net sales. The following table summarizes our net sales and gross profit for each of our reportable segments (in thousands):

We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible pursuant to the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC 820. We determine fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. The carrying amounts for our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, line of credit to the extent borrowings are outstanding and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy as established under ASC 820 distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds, which are valued based on Level 1 inputs consisting of quoted prices in active markets. We did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2018. Our cash equivalents as of June 30, 2019 were $26.3 million.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements containing words such as “may,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projections,” “business outlook,” “estimate,” or similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. They include, but are not limited to, statements about our ability to effectively manage or sustain our growth and to effectively expand our operations; our ability to retain our existing customers and acquire new customers; our ability to retain existing vendors and brands and to attract new vendors and brands; our ability to obtain and maintain differentiated high-quality products from appropriate brands in sufficient quantities from vendors; our ability to obtain and maintain sufficient inventory at prices that will make our business model profitable, and of a quality that will continue to retain existing customers and attract new customers; our ability to respond to consumer demand, spending and tastes, and our ability to accurately and effectively engage in predictive analytics; general economic conditions and their impact on consumer demand; our ability to maintain and enhance our brand; our ability to optimize, operate, manage and expand our network infrastructure and our fulfillment centers and delivery channels; the growth of the market for premium lifestyle and luxury products, and the online market for premium lifestyle and luxury products in particular; seasonal sales fluctuations; the impact of the launch of superdown in 2019; and our ability to expand our product offerings, including our owned brands.

Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, including those factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors).

In light of the significant uncertainties and risks inherent in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or anyone else that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all, or as predictions of future events. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

REVOLVE is the next-generation fashion retailer for Millennial and Generation Z consumers. As a trusted, premium lifestyle brand, and a go-to online source for discovery and inspiration, we deliver an engaging customer experience from a vast yet curated offering of apparel, footwear, accessories and beauty styles. Our dynamic platform connects a deeply engaged community of millions of consumers, thousands of global fashion influencers, and hundreds of emerging, established and owned brands. Through 16 years of continued investment in technology, data analytics, and innovative marketing and merchandising strategies, we have built a powerful platform and brand that we believe is connecting with the next generation of consumers and is redefining fashion retail for the 21st century.

We were founded in 2003 by our co-CEOs, Michael Mente and Mike Karanikolas. We sell merchandise through two differentiated segments, REVOLVE and FORWARD, that leverage one platform. Through REVOLVE we offer a highly curated assortment of full-price premium apparel and footwear, accessories and beauty products from emerging, established and owned brands. Through FORWARD we offer an assortment of iconic and emerging luxury brands. We believe that FORWARD provides our customer with a destination for luxury products as her spending power increases and her desire for fashion and inspiration remains central to her self-expression.

We believe our product mix reflects the desires of the next-generation consumer and we optimize this mix through the identification and incubation of emerging brands and continued development of our owned brand portfolio. The focus on emerging and owned brands minimizes our assortment overlap with other retailers, supporting marketing efficiency, conversion and sales at full price.

We have invested in our robust and scalable internally-developed technology platform to meet the specific needs of our business and to support our customers’ experience. We use proprietary algorithms and 16 years of data to efficiently manage our merchandising, marketing, product development, sourcing and pricing decisions. Our platform works seamlessly across devices and analyzes browsing and purchasing patterns and preferences to help us make purchasing decisions, which when combined with the small initial orders for new products, allows us to minimize inventory and fashion risk. We have also invested in our creative capabilities to produce high-quality visual merchandising that caters to our customers by focusing on style with a distinct point of view rather than on individual products. The combination of our online sales platform and our in-house creative photography allows us to showcase brands in a distinctive and compelling manner.

We are pioneers of social media and influencer marketing, using social channels and cultural events designed to deliver authentic and aspirational, yet attainable, experiences to attract and retain Millennial consumers, and these efforts have led to higher earned media value than competitors. We complement our social media efforts through a variety of brand marketing campaigns and events, which generate a constant flow of authentic content. Once we have attracted potential new customers to our sites, our goal is to convert them into active customers and then encourage repeat purchases. We acquire and retain customers through retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our app.

We have developed an efficient logistics infrastructure, which allows us to provide free shipping and returns to our customers in the United States. We support our logistics network with proprietary algorithms to optimize inventory allocation, reduce shipping and fulfillment expenses and deliver merchandise quickly and efficiently to our customers.

To date, we have primarily focused on expanding our U.S. business and have grown internationally with limited investment and no physical presence. We began offering a more localized shopping experience, including free returns and all-inclusive pricing, for customers in the United Kingdom and the European Union in May 2018 and in Australia in late 2018. In addition to expanding our global footprint of influencers, we are gradually increasing our level of investment in international expansion, by focusing on Europe, Australia and Canada as well as Asia Pacific over the long term. We will continue to invest in and develop international markets while maintaining our focus on the core U.S. market.

We use the following metrics to assess the progress of our business, make decisions on where to allocate capital, time and technology investments and assess the near-term and longer-term performance of our business.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019			2018			2019
	(in thousands, except average order value and percentages)
Gross margin		55.6	%		55.8	%		52.9	%		53.9	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	15,610		$	18,968		$	24,307		$	27,517
Free cash flow	$	12,834		$	1,991		$	24,550		$	12,928
Active customers		998			1,359			998			1,359
Total orders placed		989			1,294			1,807			2,429
Average order value	$	281		$	275		$	281		$	268

Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP measures. See the section titled “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Free Cash Flow” below for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow and their reconciliation to net income and net cash provided by operating activities, respectively.

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of sales. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin. Cost of sales consists of the purchase price of merchandise sold to customers and includes import duties and other taxes, freight in, defective merchandise returned from customers, receiving costs, inventory write-offs, and other miscellaneous shrinkage.

Gross margin is impacted by the mix of brands that we sell on our sites. Gross margin on sales of owned brands is higher than that for third-party brands. Gross margin is also affected by the percentage of sales through the REVOLVE segment, which consists primarily of emerging third-party, established third-party and owned brands, compared to our FORWARD segment, which consists primarily of established third-party brands. While merchandise mix will vary from period to period, one of our strategies is to increase the percentage of net sales from owned brands given the attractive margin profile associated with them. However, the shift towards owned brands also carries risk; if we do not effectively manage owned brand expansion or accurately forecast demand for owned brands, our growth, margins and inventory levels may be adversely affected.

We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. We monitor the percentage of sales that occur at full price, which we believe reflects customer acceptance of our merchandise and the sense of urgency we create through frequent product introductions in limited quantities.

Certain of our competitors and other retailers report cost of sales differently than we do. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and gross margin may not be comparable to other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income before other expense, net, taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the effects of equity-based compensation expense and certain one-time expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of the impact of equity-based compensation, excludes an item that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA to net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019			2018		2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	10,467	$	12,741		$	15,799	$	17,703
Excluding:
Other expense, net		123		444			320		660
Provision for income tax		3,504		4,543			5,480		6,266
Depreciation and amortization		730		889			1,459		1,584
Equity-based compensation		403		521			512		1,032
One-time expenses, net⁽¹⁾		383		(170	)		737		272
Adjusted EBITDA	$	15,610	$	18,968		$	24,307	$	27,517

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net cash provided by operating activities less net cash used in capital expenditures. We view free cash flow as an important indicator of our liquidity because it measures the amount of cash we generate. Free cash flow also reflects changes in working capital.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP free cash flow to cash provided by operating activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019			2018			2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	13,471		$	6,759		$	25,627		$	22,683
Purchases of property and equipment		(637	)		(4,768	)		(1,077	)		(9,755	)
Free cash flow	$	12,834		$	1,991		$	24,550		$	12,928
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(637	)	$	(4,768	)	$	(1,077	)	$	(9,755	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	—		$	15,783		$	(15,100	)	$	15,535

Adjusted diluted earnings per share is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as diluted earnings (net loss) per share adjusted to exclude the per share impact of the issuance and repurchase of Class B common stock as part of our initial public offering, or IPO. We believe adjusted earnings per share, excluding the impact of the repurchase of our Class B common stock, is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in analysis of ongoing operating trends. See Note 8, Earnings (Net Loss) per Share, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding our calculation of earnings (net loss) per share.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted diluted earnings per share to diluted earnings (net loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 is as follows (in dollars):

	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019						2018		2019
	Class B		Class A			Class B			Class B		Class A			Class B
Earnings (net loss) per share — diluted	$	0.15	$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.23	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)
Repurchase of Class B common stock, net		—		0.75			0.75			—		0.76			0.76
Adjusted earnings per share — diluted	$	0.15	$	0.18		$	0.18		$	0.23	$	0.25		$	0.25

We define an active customer as a unique customer account from which a purchase was made across our platform at least once in the preceding 12-month period. In any particular period, we determine our number of active customers by counting the total number of customers who have made at least one purchase in the preceding 12-month period, measured from the last date of such period. We view the number of active customers as a key indicator of our growth, the reach of our sites, the value proposition and consumer awareness of our brand, the continued use of our sites by our customers and their desire to purchase our products. Our number of active customers drives both net sales and our appeal to vendors.

We define total orders placed as the total number of customer orders placed by our customers across our platform in any period. We view total orders placed as a key indicator of the velocity of our business and an indication of the desirability of our products and sites to our customers. Total orders placed, together with average order value, is an indicator of the net sales we expect to recognize in a given period. Total orders placed and total orders shipped in any given period may differ slightly due to orders that are in process at the end of any particular period.

We define average order value as the sum of the total gross sales from our sites in a given period divided by the total orders placed in that period. We believe our high average order value demonstrates the premium nature of our product. Average order value varies depending on the site through which we sell merchandise. Average order value may also fluctuate as we expand into and increase our presence in additional product categories and price points, including the launch of superdown in 2019.

The overall economic environment and related changes in consumer behavior have a significant impact on our business. In general, positive conditions in the broader economy promote customer spending on our sites, while economic weakness, which generally results in a reduction of customer spending, may have a more pronounced negative effect on spending on our sites. Macroeconomic factors that can affect customer spending patterns, and thereby our results of operations, include employment rates, business conditions, changes in the housing market, the availability of credit, interest rates and fuel and energy costs. In addition, during periods of low unemployment, we generally experience higher labor costs.

We intend to continue investing in our brand marketing efforts, with a specific focus on increasing REVOLVE brand awareness. Since 2013 we have made significant investments to strengthen the REVOLVE brand through a series of high profile events and expansion of our social media presence. If we fail to cost-effectively promote our brand or convert impressions into new customers, our net sales growth and profitability would be adversely effected.

To continue to grow our business profitably, we intend to acquire new customers and retain our existing customers at a reasonable cost. We invest significant resources in marketing and use a variety of brand and performance marketing channels to acquire new customers. It is important to maintain reasonable costs for these marketing efforts relative to the net sales and profit we expect to derive from customers. Failure to effectively attract and retain customers on a cost-efficient basis would adversely impact our profitability and operating results.

We offer merchandise across a variety of product types, brands and price points. The brands we sell on our platform consist of a mix of emerging third-party, established third-party and owned brands. Our product mix consists primarily of apparel, footwear and accessories. In 2016, we launched beauty products on REVOLVE and expect to offer additional product types in the future. We sell merchandise across a broad range of price points and launched superdown, our lower price point site in early 2019 that further broadens our price point offerings.

While changes in our merchandise mix have not caused significant fluctuations in our gross margin to date, brands, product types and price points do have a range of margin profiles. For example, our owned brands have generally contributed higher gross margin as compared to third-party brands. Over time, we are seeking to increase the percentage of net sales from owned brands. Shifts in merchandise mix driven by customer demand may result in fluctuations in our gross margin from period to period.

We leverage our platform to buy and manage our inventory, including merchandise assortment and fulfillment center optimization. We utilize a data-driven “read and react” buying process to merchandise and curate the latest on-trend fashion. We make shallow initial inventory buys, and then use our proprietary technology tools to identify and re-order best sellers, taking into account customer feedback across a variety of key metrics, which allows us to minimize inventory and fashion risk. To ensure sufficient availability of merchandise, we generally purchase inventory in advance and frequently before apparel trends are confirmed. As a result, we are vulnerable to demand and pricing shifts and to suboptimal selection and timing of merchandise purchases. We incur inventory write-offs, which impact our gross margins. Moreover, our inventory investments will fluctuate with the needs of our business. For example, entering new categories will require additional investments in inventory.

To grow our client base and enhance our offering, we will incur additional expenses. We intend to leverage our platform and understanding of fashion trends to inform investments in operations and infrastructure. We anticipate that our expenses will increase as we continue to hire additional personnel and further improve our platform. Moreover, we have made and will continue to make capital investments in our inventory, fulfillment centers, and logistics infrastructure as we launch new brands, expand internationally and drive operating efficiencies. We expect to increase our spending on these investments in the future and cannot be certain that these efforts will grow our customer base or be cost-effective. However, we believe these strategies will yield positive returns in the long term.

Our financial results are affected by the performance of the FORWARD segment, which represented 11.9% and 11.1% of our net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively and 13.1% and 10.9% of our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, FORWARD generated $15.7 million and $18.0 million in net sales, respectively, representing an increase of 14.4%. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, FORWARD generated

$32.0 million and $32.6 million in net sales, respectively, representing an increase of 2.0%. The net sales increase in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods for 2018, was primarily due to an increase in the number of orders placed by customers, partially offset by a decrease in average order value. After normalizing our inventory levels in the most recent quarter and as we continue to enhance our product offering, we have experienced period-over-period growth in the most recent quarter. However, if we are unable to continue to generate revenue and gross profit growth in the FORWARD segment, our financial results would be adversely impacted.

Seasonality in our business does not follow that of traditional retailers, such as typical concentration of net sales in the holiday quarter. We believe our results are impacted by a pattern of increased sales leading up to #REVOLVEfestival in April and during the early summer months, which results in increased sales during the second quarter of each fiscal year. We also believe that we have experienced slower growth in orders placed and active customers during the first quarter of each fiscal year. We expect this seasonality to continue in future years. Our operating income has also been affected by these historical trends because many of our expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. As our growth rates begin to moderate, the impact of these seasonality trends on our results of operations will become more pronounced.

Net sales consist primarily of sales of women’s apparel, footwear and accessories. We recognize product sales at the time control is transferred to the customer, which is when the product is shipped. Net sales represent the sales of these items and shipping revenue when applicable, net of estimated returns and promotional discounts. Net sales are primarily driven by growth in the number of our customers, the frequency with which customers purchase and average order value.

Cost of sales consists of our purchase price for merchandise sold to customers and includes import duties and other taxes, freight-in, defective merchandise returned from customers, receiving costs, inventory write-offs, and other miscellaneous shrinkage. Cost of sales is primarily driven by growth in orders placed by customers, the mix of the product available for sale on our sites and transportation costs related to inventory receipts from our vendors. We expect our cost of sales to fluctuate as a percentage of net sales primarily due to how we manage our inventory and merchandise mix.

Fulfillment expenses represent those costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment centers, including costs attributed to inspecting and warehousing inventories and picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Fulfillment expenses also include the cost of warehousing facilities. We expect fulfillment expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to scale our business. As a percentage of net sales, we expect a short-term increase as a result of the anticipated expansion of our warehouse facilities, which will lead to short-term inefficiencies. Over the long-term, we expect fulfillment expenses to decrease as a percentage of net sales.

Selling and distribution expenses consist primarily of shipping and other transportation costs incurred delivering merchandise to customers and from customers returning merchandise, merchant processing fees, and customer service. We expect selling and distribution expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to scale our business. Over the long term, we expect selling and distribution costs to decrease as a percentage of net sales.

Marketing expenses consist primarily of targeted online performance marketing costs, such as retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, search engine optimization, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our app. Marketing expenses also include our spend on brand marketing channels, including cash compensation to influencers, events and other forms of online and offline marketing. Marketing expenses are primarily related to growing and retaining our customer base, building the REVOLVE and FORWARD brands and expanding our owned brand presence. We make opportunistic investments in marketing and expect marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to scale our business, but decline modestly over time as a percentage of net sales.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related benefit costs and equity-based compensation expense for our employees involved in general corporate functions including merchandising, marketing, studio and technology, as well as costs associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation, rent and other occupancy expenses. General and administrative expenses are primarily driven by increases in headcount required to support business growth and meet our obligations as a public company. We expect general and administrative expenses to decline as a percentage of net sales as we scale our business and leverage investments in these areas.

Other expense, net consists primarily of interest expense and other fees associated with our line of credit and interest income on our money market funds.

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and express the relationship of certain line items as a percentage of net sales for those periods. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2019		2018		2019
	(in thousands)
Net sales	$	131,802	$	161,897	$	245,107	$	299,240
Cost of sales		58,470		71,479		115,342		138,068
Gross profit		73,332		90,418		129,765		161,172
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment expenses		3,263		5,301		6,045		9,796
Selling and distribution expenses		18,669		23,639		34,522		44,230
Marketing expenses		21,161		24,914		36,514		44,412
General and administrative expenses		16,145		18,836		31,085		38,105
Total operating expenses		59,238		72,690		108,166		136,543
Income from operations		14,094		17,728		21,599		24,629
Other expense, net		123		444		320		660
Income before income taxes		13,971		17,284		21,279		23,969
Provision for income tax		3,504		4,543		5,480		6,266
Net income	$	10,467	$	12,741	$	15,799	$	17,703

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Net sales		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of sales		44.4	%		44.2	%		47.1	%		46.1	%
Gross profit		55.6	%		55.8	%		52.9	%		53.9	%
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment expenses		2.5	%		3.3	%		2.5	%		3.3	%
Selling and distribution expenses		14.2	%		14.6	%		14.1	%		14.8	%
Marketing expenses		16.1	%		15.4	%		14.9	%		14.8	%
General and administrative expenses		12.2	%		11.6	%		12.7	%		12.7	%
Total operating expenses		44.9	%		44.9	%		44.1	%		45.6	%
Income from operations		10.7	%		11.0	%		8.8	%		8.2	%
Other expense, net		0.1	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		0.2	%
Income before income taxes		10.6	%		10.7	%		8.7	%		8.0	%
Provision for income tax		2.7	%		2.8	%		2.2	%		2.1	%
Net income		7.9	%		7.9	%		6.4	%		5.9	%

The increase in net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to sales to a larger number of customers, as the number of active customers increased 36.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period for 2018. Additionally, the number of orders placed by customers increased 30.8% in the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period for 2018. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in average order value to $275 in the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $281 in the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the REVOLVE segment comprising a larger percentage of consolidated net sales as well as lower average order values within each segment.

Net sales in the REVOLVE segment increased 24.0% to $143.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to net sales of $116.1 million in the same period in 2018. Net sales generated from our FORWARD segment increased 14.4% to $18.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to net sales of $15.7 million in the same period in 2018.

The increase in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to an increase in the volume of merchandise sold. The decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was due to a favorable mix of merchandise sales. We experienced a higher mix of REVOLVE merchandise sales in 2019 which generally carry a higher margin than that of the FORWARD segment. Further, within the REVOLVE segment, we experienced a favorable increase in the mix of sales related to our owned brands, which generally carry a higher gross margin than that of our third-party brands.

The increase in fulfillment expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was the result of an increase in the number of units processed as well as the expansion of our fulfillment center infrastructure which led to overcapacity and duplicative capacity that we believe will be reduced over time.

The increase in selling and distribution expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was the result of the increase in the number of orders shipped. Shipping and handling costs increased $3.0 million and merchant processing fees increased $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of net sales was due to an increase in costs associated with higher order and unit volume.

The increase in marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to increased marketing investment to acquire customers and retain existing customers to drive higher net sales. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $2.0 million as a result of investments in our REVOLVE branded marketing events as well as an increase in performance marketing expenses of $1.8 million. The decrease in marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales was due to overall efficiency gains in performance marketing spend.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, was due to a $1.8 million increase in salaries and related benefits and equity-based compensation expense related to increases in our headcount across functions to support business growth, an increase of $0.5 million related to increased professional services and other operating costs to support business growth, a $0.2 million increase in occupancy expenses as a result of our business and headcount growth, an increase of $0.2 million in other costs. The decrease in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales resulted primarily from cost control initiatives and efficiencies gained from scale.

The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to income generated from our UK subsidiary and the impact of certain nondeductible expenses.

The increase in net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to sales to a larger number of customers, as the number of active customers increased 36.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period for 2018. Additionally, the number of orders placed by customers increased 34.4% in the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period for 2018. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in average order value to $268 in the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $281 in the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the REVOLVE segment comprising a larger percentage of consolidated net sales as well as lower average order values within each segment.

Net sales in the REVOLVE segment increased 25.1% to $266.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to net sales of $213.1 million in the same period in 2018. Net sales generated from our FORWARD segment increased 2.0% to $32.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to net sales of $32.0 million in the same period in 2018.

The increase in cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to an increase in the volume of merchandise sold. The decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was due to a favorable mix of merchandise sales. We experienced a higher mix of REVOLVE merchandise sales in 2019 which generally carry a higher margin than that of the FORWARD segment. Further, within the REVOLVE segment, we experienced a favorable increase in the mix of sales related to our owned brands, which generally carry a higher gross margin than that of our third-party brands.

The increase in fulfillment expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was the result of an increase in the number of units processed as well as the expansion of our fulfillment center infrastructure which led to overcapacity and duplicative capacity that we believe will be reduced over time.

The increase in selling and distribution expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was the result of the increase in the number of orders shipped. Shipping and handling costs increased $6.3 million and merchant processing fees increased $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of net sales was due to an increase in costs associated with higher order and unit volume.

The increase in marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to increased marketing investment to acquire customers and retain existing customers to drive higher net sales. Performance marketing expenses increased $6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. We also experienced an increase of $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, in marketing expenses related to REVOLVE branded marketing events.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, was due to a $3.8 million increase in salaries and related benefits and equity-based compensation expense related to increases in our headcount across functions to support business growth, an increase of $1.6 million related to increased professional services and other operating costs to support business growth, a $0.7 million increase in occupancy expenses as a result of our business and headcount growth, an increase of $0.5 million related to our studio, sales and design functions, and a $0.3 million increase in other costs.

The increase in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily due to income generated from our UK subsidiary and the impact of certain nondeductible expenses.

The following tables show our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and working capital as of the dates indicated:

As of June 30, 2019, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents was held for working capital purposes. We increased our capital expenditures in the fourth quarter of 2018 as well as in the first and second quarters of 2019 to support the growth in our business and operations, specifically the expansion of our fulfillment facilities.

We expect to fund our near term capital expenditures from cash provided by operating activities as well as the net proceeds we received through our IPO. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as well as the available borrowing capacity under our line of credit will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. We may seek to borrow funds under our line of credit or raise additional funds at any time through equity, equity-linked or debt financing arrangements. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those described in Item 1A — Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We may not be able to secure additional financing to meet our operating requirements on acceptable terms, or at all.

Since our inception, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily through cash flows generated by operations, private sales of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, as well as the net proceeds we received through our IPO. As of June 30, 2019, we have raised a total of $68.3 million from the sale of equity units, net of costs and expenses associated with such financings, including net proceeds from our IPO.

Our primary use of cash includes operating costs such as merchandise purchases, compensation and benefits, marketing and other expenditures necessary to support our business growth. We used a substantial portion of the proceeds from the IPO to repurchase shares of our Class B common stock. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalent balances and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months.

In March 2016, we entered into a line of credit with Bank of America, N.A. that provides us with up to $75.0 million aggregate principal in revolver borrowings. Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest, at our option, at (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate and (c) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, or (2) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. We are also obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an unused commitment fee and fees associated with letters of credit. The credit agreement also permits us, in certain circumstances, to request an increase in the facility by an additional amount of up to $25.0 million (in an initial minimum amount of $10 million and in increments of $5 million thereafter) at the same maturity, pricing and other terms. As of both December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit. Historically, our debt has resulted from the need to help fund our normal operations and working capital needs.

Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement also contains customary covenants restricting our activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in mergers and acquisitions, enter into transactions involving related parties, obtain letters of credit, incur indebtedness or grant liens or negative pledges on our assets, make loans or make other investments. Under these covenants, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends with respect to our capital stock. We were in compliance with all covenants as of June 30, 2019.

Cash from operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, equity-based compensation, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we generated $22.7 million of operating cash flow as compared to $25.6 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease in our operating cash flow was primarily due to unfavorable changes in working capital which were primarily due to timing of receipts and payments on inventory and income taxes.

Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases of property and equipment to support our fulfillment centers and our overall business growth and internally developed software for the continued development of our proprietary technology infrastructure. Purchases of property and equipment may vary from period-to-period due to timing of the expansion of our operations.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million and $9.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The increase in the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to capital expenditures relating to the expansion of our fulfillment center infrastructure.

Until our IPO, our financing activities historically have consisted of borrowings and repayments related to the existing line of credit.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019, which was attributable to the proceeds from our IPO, net of the repurchase of the preference amount, underwriting discounts, and offering expenses, in addition to payments of deferred offering costs.

Net cash used in financing activities was $15.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was attributable to repayments made on our line of credit.

As of June 30, 2019, our principal obligations consist of obligations under operating leases for office and fulfillment facilities. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments, as disclosed in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act with the SEC on June 7, 2019.

As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2019, we did not have any material off balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to the critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates disclosed in our prospectus filed with the SEC on June 7, 2019 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933.

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that any decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act.

See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, interest rate changes and inflation. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.

Cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in cash deposits and money market funds. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of these instruments. Interest on any line of credit borrowings incurred pursuant to the credit agreement described above would accrue at a floating rate based on a formula tied to certain market rates at the time of incurrence; however, we do not expect that any change in prevailing interest rates will have a material impact on our results of operations.

Most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, our net sales are not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries and territories in which our operations are located, and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British Pound. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our consolidated statements of income. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our consolidated financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to minimize its effects through pricing strategies, productivity improvements and cost reductions. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

We are not party to any material legal proceedings at this time. From time to time, we may become involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We have in the past and may in the future become involved in private actions, collective actions, investigations and various other legal proceedings by clients, employees, suppliers, competitors, government agencies or others. We evaluate any claims and lawsuits with respect to their potential merits, our potential defenses and counter claims, and the expected effect on us of defending the claims and a potential adverse result. However, the results of any litigation, investigations and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time and divert significant resources. If any legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Investing in our common stock involves certain risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this report, including the section of this report captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors or the risks described elsewhere in this report occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and elsewhere in this report.

If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

We have grown rapidly and to effectively manage our growth, we must continue to implement our operational plans and strategies, improve and expand our infrastructure of people and information systems, and expand, train and manage our employee base. Since our inception, we have rapidly increased our employee headcount to support the growth of our business. The number of our employees increased from 742 as of December 31, 2017 to 983 as of December 31, 2018. We have expanded across all areas of our business. To support continued growth, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees while maintaining our corporate culture. We face significant competition for personnel. To attract top talent, we have had to offer, and expect to continue to offer, competitive compensation and benefits packages before we can validate the productivity of new employees. We may also need to increase our employee compensation levels to remain competitive in attracting and retaining talented employees. The risks associated with a rapidly growing workforce will be particularly acute if we choose to expand into new merchandise categories and internationally. Additionally, we may not be able to hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. If we fail to effectively manage our hiring needs or successfully integrate new hires, our efficiency, our ability to meet forecasts and our employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are also required to manage numerous relationships with various vendors and other third parties. Further growth of our operations, vendor base, fulfillment centers, information technology systems or internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations. If we are unable to manage the growth of our organization effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

If we are unable to anticipate and respond to changing customer preferences and shifts in fashion and industry trends in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

Our success largely depends on our ability to consistently gauge tastes and trends and provide a balanced assortment of merchandise that satisfies customer demands in a timely manner. We typically enter into agreements to manufacture and purchase our merchandise in advance of the applicable selling season and our failure to anticipate, identify or react appropriately, or in a timely manner to changes in customer preferences, tastes and trends or economic conditions could lead to, among other things, missed opportunities, excess inventory or inventory shortages, markdowns and write-offs, all of which could negatively impact our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Failure to respond to changing customer preferences and fashion trends could also negatively impact our brand image with our customers and result in diminished brand loyalty.

Our business depends on our ability to maintain a strong community of brands, engaged customers and influencers. We may not be able to maintain and enhance our existing brand community if we receive customer complaints, negative publicity or otherwise fail to live up to consumers' expectations, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and growth prospects.

Over the course of 2018, we offered over 850 emerging and established brands through REVOLVE, including 21 brands developed and owned by us, which we refer to as owned brands, and over 250 brands through FORWARD, but we have a limited operating history with many of these brands. Our ability to identify new brands and maintain and enhance our relationships with our existing brands is critical to expanding our base of customers. A significant portion of our customers' experience depends on third parties outside of our control, including vendors, suppliers and logistics providers such as FedEx, UPS and the U.S. Postal Service. If these third parties do not meet our or our customers' expectations or if they increase their rates, our business may suffer irreparable damage or our costs may increase. In addition, maintaining and enhancing relationships with third-party brands may require us to make substantial investments, and these investments may not be successful. Also, if we fail to promote and maintain our brands, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brands may become increasingly difficult and expensive. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to provide high quality products to our customers and a reliable, trustworthy and profitable sales channel to our vendors, which we may not do successfully.

Customer complaints or negative publicity about our sites, products, product delivery times, customer data handling and security practices or customer support, especially on blogs, social media websites and our sites, could rapidly and severely diminish consumer use of our sites and consumer and supplier confidence in us and result in harm to our brands. We believe that much of the growth in our customer base to date has originated from social media and influencer-driven marketing strategy. If we are not able to develop and maintain positive relationships with our network of over 3,500 of influencers, our ability to promote and maintain awareness of our sites and brands and leverage social media platforms to drive visits to our sites may be adversely affected.

Our industry is highly competitive and if we do not compete effectively our operating results could be adversely affected.

The retail industry is highly competitive. We compete with department stores, specialty retailers, independent retail stores, the online offerings of these traditional retail competitors and eCommerce companies that market merchandise similar to the merchandise we offer. We believe our ability to compete depends on many factors within and beyond our control, including:

We expect competition to increase as other established and emerging companies enter the markets in which we compete, as customer requirements evolve and as new products and technologies are introduced.

Many of our current competitors have, and potential competitors may have, longer operating histories, larger fulfillment infrastructures, greater technical capabilities, faster shipping times, lower-cost shipping, larger databases, greater financial, marketing, institutional and other resources and larger customer bases than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to derive greater revenue and profits from their existing customer bases, acquire customers at lower costs or respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in apparel trends and consumer shopping behavior. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, enter or expand their presence in the personalized retail market, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases or generate revenue from their existing customer bases more effectively than we do. If we fail to execute on any of the above better than our competitors, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Competition, along with other factors such as consolidation within the retail industry and changes in consumer spending patterns, could also result in significant pricing pressure. These factors may cause us to reduce prices to our customers, which could cause our gross margins to decline if we are unable to appropriately manage inventory levels and/or otherwise offset price reductions with comparable reductions in our operating costs. If our prices decline and we fail to sufficiently reduce our product costs or operating expenses, our profitability may decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We may be unable to accurately forecast net sales and appropriately plan our expenses in the future.

We base our current and future expense levels on our operating forecasts and estimates of future net sales and gross margins. Net sales and operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume, timing, value and type of the orders we receive, all of which are uncertain. In addition, we cannot be sure the same growth rates, trends and other key performance metrics are meaningful predictors of future growth. Our business is affected by general economic and business conditions in the United States, and we anticipate that it will be increasingly affected by conditions in international markets. In addition, we experience seasonal trends in our business, and our mix of product offerings is highly variable from day-to-day and quarter-to-quarter. This variability makes it difficult to predict sales and could result in significant fluctuations in our net sales, margins and profitability from period-to-period. A significant portion of our expenses is fixed, and as a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in net sales. Any failure to accurately predict net sales or gross margins could cause our operating results to be lower than expected, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and stock price.

Our recent growth rates may not be sustainable or indicative of our future growth.

Although our net sales and profitability have grown rapidly, this should not be considered as indicative of our future performance. We may not be successful in executing our growth strategy, and even if we achieve our strategic plan, we may not be able to sustain profitability. In future periods, our net sales could decline or grow more slowly than we expect.

We believe that our continued revenue growth will depend upon, among other factors, our ability to:

We cannot assure you we will be able to achieve any of the foregoing. Our customer base may not continue to grow or may decline as a result of increased competition and the maturation of our business. Failure to continue our revenue growth rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. You should not rely on our historical rate of revenue growth as an indication of our future performance or the rate of growth we may experience in any new category or internationally. International markets have historically grown, and we expect will continue to grow, at a slower rate at least until we have more infrastructure in place in those markets.

Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.

We use third-party social media platforms as, among other things, marketing tools. For example, we maintain Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube and Google+ accounts. We also maintain relationships with thousands of social media influencers and engage in sponsorship initiatives. As existing eCommerce and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve and new platforms develop, we must continue to maintain a presence on these platforms and establish presences on new or emerging popular social media platforms. If we are unable to cost-effectively use social media platforms as marketing tools or if the social media platforms we use change their policies or algorithms, we may not be able to fully optimize such platforms, and our ability to maintain and acquire customers and our financial condition may suffer. Furthermore, as laws and regulations and public opinion rapidly evolve to govern the use of these platforms and devices, the failure by us, our employees, our network of social media influencers, our sponsors or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices or otherwise could subject us to regulatory investigations, class action lawsuits, liability, fines or other penalties and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, an increase in the use of social media for product promotion and marketing may cause an increase in the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials, and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. For example, in some cases, the FTC has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship or material connection between an influencer and an advertiser. We do not prescribe what our influencers post, and if we were held responsible for the content of their posts or their actions, we could be fined or forced to alter our practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

Negative commentary regarding us, our products or influencers and other third parties who are affiliated with us may also be posted on social media platforms and may be adverse to our reputation or business. Influencers with whom we maintain relationships could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our customers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target consumers often value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. These reasons include those described in these risk factors as well as the following:

Fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may cause those results to fall below the expectations of analysts or investors, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline. Fluctuations in our results could also cause a number of other problems. For example, analysts or investors might change their models for valuing our Class A common stock, we could experience short-term liquidity issues, our ability to retain or attract key personnel may diminish and other unanticipated issues may arise.

In addition, we believe that our quarterly operating results may vary in the future and that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. For example, our historical growth may have overshadowed the seasonal effects on our historical operating results. These seasonal effects may become more pronounced over time, which could also cause our operating results to fluctuate. You should not rely on the results of one quarter as an indication of future performance.

If we fail to acquire new customers, or fail to do so in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to increase net sales or maintain profitability.

Our success depends on our ability to acquire customers in a cost-effective manner. In order to expand our customer base, we must appeal to and acquire customers who have historically used other means of commerce in shopping for apparel and may prefer alternatives to our offerings, such as traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and the websites of our competitors. We have made significant investments related to customer acquisition and expect to continue to spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers. For example, we engage in social media marketing campaigns and maintain relationships with thousands of social media and celebrity influencers. Such campaigns are expensive and may not result in the cost-effective acquisition of customers. In addition, the competition for relationships with influencers is increasing, and the cost of maintaining such relationships will likely increase. We cannot assure you that the net profit from new customers we acquire will ultimately exceed the cost of acquiring those customers. If we fail to deliver a quality shopping experience, or if consumers do not perceive the products we offer to be of high value and quality, we may not be able to acquire new customers. If we are unable to acquire new customers who purchase products in numbers sufficient to grow our business, we may not be able to generate the scale necessary to drive beneficial network effects with our suppliers, our net sales may decrease, and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

We also seek to engage with our customers and build awareness of our brands through sponsoring unique events and experiences such as #REVOLVEfestival, #REVOLVEaroundtheworld, and #REVOLVEAwards, as well as short-term pop-up retail experiences. We anticipate that our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive as competition increases, and generating a meaningful return on those initiatives may be difficult. If our marketing efforts are not successful in promoting awareness of our brands and products, driving customer engagement or attracting new customers, or if we are not able to cost-effectively manage our marketing expenses, our operating results will be adversely affected.

We obtain a significant amount of traffic via social networking websites or other channels used by our current and prospective customers. As eCommerce and social networking continue to rapidly evolve, we must continue to establish relationships with these channels and may be unable to develop or maintain these relationships on acceptable terms. We also use paid and non-paid advertising. We acquire and retain customers through retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our mobile apps. If we are unable to cost-effectively drive traffic to our sites, our ability to acquire new customers and our financial condition would suffer.

If we fail to retain existing customers, or fail to maintain average order value levels, we may not be able to maintain our revenue base and margins, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

A significant portion of our net sales are generated from sales to existing customers, particularly those existing customers who are highly engaged and make frequent and/or large purchases of the merchandise we offer. If existing customers no longer find our offerings appealing, or if we are unable to timely update our offerings to meet current trends and customer demands, our existing customers may make fewer or smaller purchases in the future. A decrease in the number of our customers who make repeat purchases or a decrease in their spending on the merchandise we offer could negatively impact our operating results. Further, we believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to increase sales to our existing customers over time, and if we are unable to do so, our business may suffer. If we fail to generate repeat purchases or maintain high levels of customer engagement and average order value, our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We purchase inventory in anticipation of sales, and if we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

Our business requires us to manage a large volume of inventory effectively. We add a total of over 1,000 new apparel, footwear, accessories and beauty styles to our sites in a typical week, and we depend on our forecasts of demand for and popularity of various products to make purchase decisions and to manage our inventory of stock-keeping units, or SKUs. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date of sale. Demand may be affected by seasonality, new product launches, rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, promotions, changes in consumer spending patterns, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors, and our consumers may not purchase products in the quantities that we expect.

It may be difficult to accurately forecast demand and determine appropriate levels of product. We generally do not have the right to return unsold products to our suppliers. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively or negotiate favorable credit terms with third-party suppliers, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs. In addition, if we are required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory level or to pay higher prices to our suppliers, our profit margins might be negatively affected. Given our strategy to increase the percentage of sales from owned brands, any failure to manage owned brand expansion or accurately forecast demand for owned brands could adversely affect growth, margins and inventory levels. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We allow our customers to return products, subject to our return policy. If the rate of merchandise returns increases significantly or if merchandise return economics become less efficient, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. Further, we modify our policies relating to returns from time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of product returns. From time to time our products are damaged in transit, which can increase return rates and harm our brand.

We rely on consumer discretionary spending, which may be adversely affected by economic downturns and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.

Our business and operating results are subject to global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. Some of the factors that may negatively influence consumer spending include high levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, reductions in net worth, declines in asset values and related market uncertainty, home foreclosures and reductions in home values, fluctuating interest rates and credit availability, fluctuating fuel and other energy costs, fluctuating commodity prices and general uncertainty regarding the overall future political and economic environment. Economic conditions in certain regions may also be affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms and wildfires. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including the merchandise that we offer, generally decline during periods of economic uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence. For example, our business was adversely affected by the Great Recession in 2008.

Adverse economic changes could reduce consumer confidence, and thereby could negatively affect our operating results. In challenging and uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict when macroeconomic uncertainty may arise, whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen or what impact such circumstances could have on our business.

Our inability to identify, develop and introduce new merchandise offerings in a timely and cost-effective manner may damage our business, financial condition and operating results.

The retail industry is driven in part by fashion and beauty trends, which may shift quickly. Our continued success depends on our ability to anticipate, gauge and react in a timely and cost-effective manner to changes in consumer preferences for products, consumer attitudes toward our industry and brand and where and how consumers shop for those products. We must continually work to develop, produce and market new products, maintain and enhance the recognition of our brands, maintain a favorable mix of products and develop our approach as to how and where we market and sell our products.

We have an established process for the identification, development, evaluation and validation of our new products. Nonetheless, each new product launch involves risks, as well as the possibility of unexpected consequences. For example, sales of our new products may not be as high as we anticipate, due to lack of acceptance of the products themselves or their price, or limited effectiveness of our marketing strategies. In addition, our ability to launch new products may be limited by delays or difficulties affecting the ability of our suppliers or manufacturers to timely manufacture, distribute and ship new products. Sales of new products may also be affected by inventory management. We may also experience a decrease in sales of certain existing products as a result of newly-launched products. Any of these occurrences could delay or impede our ability to achieve our sales objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

As part of our ongoing business strategy we expect we will need to continue to introduce new products in our traditional product categories of clothing, shoes and accessories, while also expanding our product launches into adjacent categories in which we may have little to no operating experience. For example, in December 2016, we launched REVOLVE Beauty, which included over 225 brands in skincare, cosmetics and haircare as of December 31, 2018. In addition, we launched a lower price point offering in March 2019, which may cannibalize sales from our other sites and adversely affect customer lifetime value and our operating results. The success of product launches in adjacent categories could be hampered by our relative inexperience operating in such categories, the strength of our competitors or any of the other risks referred to above. Furthermore, any expansion into new product categories may prove to be an operational and financial constraint which inhibits our ability to successfully accomplish such expansion. Our inability to introduce successful products in our traditional categories or in adjacent categories could limit our future growth and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

There is no assurance that consumers will continue to purchase our products in the future. Customers may consider our offerings to be premium products and purchase fewer or lower-priced products if their discretionary income decreases. During periods of economic uncertainty, we may need to reduce prices in response to competitive pressures or otherwise, to maintain sales, which may adversely affect margins and profitability.

Our business, including our costs and supply chain, is subject to risks associated with sourcing, manufacturing and warehousing.

A majority of the merchandise we offer on our sites is sourced from third-party vendors, and as a result we may be subject to price fluctuations or demand disruptions. Our operating results would be negatively impacted by increases in the prices of our merchandise, and we have no guarantees that prices will not rise. In addition, as we expand into new categories and product types, we expect that we may not have strong purchasing power in these new areas, which could lead to higher prices than we have historically seen in our current categories. We may not be able to pass increased prices on to customers, which could adversely affect our operating results. Moreover, in the event of a significant disruption in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used in the manufacture of the merchandise we offer, we and the vendors that we work with might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price.

In addition, merchandise and materials we receive from vendors and suppliers may not be of sufficient quality or free from damage, or such merchandise may be damaged during shipping, while stored in one of our fulfillment centers or when returned by customers. We may incur additional expenses and our reputation could be harmed if customers and potential customers believe that our merchandise does not meet their expectations, is not properly labeled or is damaged.

If we do not successfully optimize, operate and manage the expansion of capacity of our fulfillment centers, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

If we do not optimize and operate our fulfillment centers successfully and efficiently, it could result in excess or insufficient fulfillment capacity, an increase in costs or impairment charges or harm our business in other ways. If we do not have sufficient fulfillment capacity or experience a problem fulfilling orders in a timely manner, our customers may experience delays in receiving their purchases, which could harm our reputation and our relationship with our customers.

We have designed and built our own fulfillment center infrastructure, including customizing third-party inventory and package handling software systems, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of our business. If we continue to add fulfillment and warehouse capabilities, add new businesses or categories with different fulfillment requirements or change the mix in products that we sell, our fulfillment network will become increasingly complex and operating it will become more challenging. Failure to successfully address such challenges in a cost-effective and timely manner could impair our ability to timely deliver our customers’ purchases and could harm our reputation and ultimately, our business, financial condition and operating results.

In September 2018, we entered into a five-year lease for approximately 281,000 square feet of fulfillment and office space. In the first quarter of 2019, we consolidated substantially all of our fulfillment activities into this centralized facility and have terminated the lease of our existing distribution facility. In May and in June 2019, we sublet two of our existing fulfillment centers through their remaining lease terms. We are still in the process of consolidating certain other facilities, which may include subleasing or terminating additional existing facilities. The transition has, and will continue to put near-term pressure on our managerial, financial, operational and other resources. We expect that our current capacity will support our near-term growth plans. Over the long term, we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate suitable facilities on commercially acceptable terms in accordance with our expansion plans, nor can we assure you that we will be able to recruit qualified managerial and operational personnel to support our expansion plans. If we are unable to secure new facilities for the expansion of our fulfillment operations or to effectively control expansion-related expenses, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected. If we grow faster than we anticipate, we may exceed our fulfillment center capacity sooner than we anticipate, we may experience problems fulfilling orders in a timely manner or our customers may experience delays in receiving their purchases, which could harm our reputation and our relationship with our customers, and we would need to increase our capital expenditures more than anticipated. Many of the expenses and investments with respect to our fulfillment centers are fixed, and any expansion of such fulfillment centers will require additional investment of capital. We expect to incur higher capital expenditures in the future for our fulfillment center operations. We may incur such expenses or make such investments in advance of expected sales, and such expected sales may not occur.

We rely on third-party suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and other vendors, and they may not continue to produce products or provide services that are consistent with our standards or applicable regulatory requirements, which could harm our brand, cause consumer dissatisfaction, and require us to find alternative suppliers of our products or services.

We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. We use multiple third-party suppliers and manufacturers based primarily in China and, to a lesser extent, the United States and India to source and manufacture all of our products under our owned brands. We engage our third-party suppliers and manufacturers on a purchase order basis and are not party to long-term contracts with any of them. The ability of these third parties to supply and manufacture our products may be affected by competing orders placed by other customers and the demands of those customers. If we experience significant increases in demand, or need to replace a significant number of existing suppliers or manufacturers, there can be no assurance that additional supply and manufacturing capacity will be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or that any supplier or manufacturer will allocate sufficient capacity to us in order to meet our requirements.

In addition, quality control problems, such as the use of materials and delivery of products that do not meet our quality control standards and specifications or comply with applicable laws or regulations, could harm our business. In the past, we have experienced negative press and government enforcement actions as a result of our vendors’ failure to comply with certain applicable laws and regulations, and may experience similar negative press as a result of any future non-compliance by our vendors. We do not regularly inspect these vendors and quality control problems could result in regulatory action, such as restrictions on importation, products of inferior quality or product stock outages or shortages, harming our sales and creating inventory write-downs for unusable products.

We have also outsourced portions of our distribution process, as well as certain technology-related functions, to third-party service providers. Specifically, we rely on third parties in a number of foreign countries and territories, we are dependent on third-party vendors for credit card processing, and we use third-party hosting and networking providers to host our sites. The failure of one or more of these entities to provide the expected services on a timely basis, or at all, or at the prices we expect, or the costs and disruption incurred in changing these outsourced functions to being performed under our management and direct control or that of a third party, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are not party to long-term contracts with some of our distributors, and upon expiration of these existing agreements, we may not be able to renegotiate the terms on a commercially reasonable basis, or at all.

Shipping is a critical part of our business and any changes in our shipping arrangements or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our operating results.

We primarily rely on two major vendors for our shipping. If we are not able to negotiate acceptable pricing and other terms with these entities or they experience performance problems or other difficulties, it could negatively impact our operating results and our customer experience. In addition, our ability to receive inbound inventory efficiently and ship merchandise to customers may be negatively affected by inclement weather, fire, flood, power loss, earthquakes, labor disputes, acts of war or terrorism, trade embargoes and similar factors. For example, strikes at major international shipping ports have in the past impacted our supply of inventory from our vendors, and the escalating trade dispute between the United States and China could lead to increased tariffs on our goods and restrict the flow of the goods between the United States and China. We are also subject to risks of damage or loss during delivery by our shipping vendors. If our merchandise is not delivered in a timely fashion or is damaged or lost during the delivery process, our customers could become dissatisfied and cease shopping on our sites, which would adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our failure to adequately and effectively staff our fulfillment centers, through third parties or with our own employees, could adversely affect our customer experience and operating results.

We currently receive and distribute merchandise at fulfillment centers in the United States, none of which are operated by a third party. If we are unable to adequately staff our fulfillment centers to meet demand or if the cost of such staffing is higher than historical or projected costs due to mandated wage increases, regulatory changes, international expansion or other factors, our operating results could be harmed. In addition, operating fulfillment centers comes with potential risks, such as workplace safety issues and employment claims for the failure or alleged failure to comply with labor laws or laws respecting union organizing activities. Any such issues may result in delays in shipping times or packing quality, and our reputation and operating results may be harmed.

Any failure by us or our vendors to comply with product safety, labor or other laws, or to provide safe conditions for our or their workers may damage our reputation and brand and harm our business.

The merchandise we sell to our customers is subject to regulation by the Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission and similar state and international regulatory authorities. As a result, such merchandise could be in the future subject to recalls and other remedial actions. Product safety, labeling and licensing concerns, including consumer disclosure and warning regarding chemical exposure, may require us to voluntarily remove selected merchandise from our inventory. Such recalls or voluntary removal of merchandise can result in, among other things, lost sales, diverted resources, potential harm to our reputation and increased customer service costs and legal expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

We purchase our merchandise from numerous domestic and international vendors. Failure of our vendors to comply with applicable laws and regulations and contractual requirements could lead to litigation against us, resulting in increased legal expenses and costs. In addition, the failure of any such vendors to provide safe and humane factory conditions and oversight at their facilities could damage our reputation with customers or result in legal claims against us.

If our suppliers fail to use ethical business practices and fail to comply with changing laws and regulations, our brand image could be harmed due to negative publicity.

Our core values, which include developing the highest quality products while operating with integrity, are an important component of our brand image, which makes our reputation sensitive to allegations of unethical or improper business practices, whether real or perceived. We do not control our suppliers and manufacturers or their business, and they may not comply with our guidelines or the law. A lack of compliance could lead to reduced sales or recalls or damage to our brand or cause us to seek alternative suppliers, which could increase our costs and result in delayed delivery of our products, product shortages or other disruptions of our operations. In addition, we rely on our manufacturers’ and suppliers’ compliance reporting in order to comply with regulations applicable to our products. This is further complicated by the fact that expectations of ethical business practices continually evolve and may be substantially more demanding than applicable legal requirements. Ethical business practices are also driven in part by legal developments and by diverse groups active in publicizing and organizing public responses to perceived ethical shortcomings. Accordingly, we cannot predict how such regulations or expectations might develop in the future and cannot be certain that our guidelines or current practices would satisfy all parties who are active in monitoring our products or other business practices worldwide.

Certain of our key operating metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

We track certain key operating metrics using internal data analytics tools, which have certain limitations. In addition, we rely on data received from third parties, including third-party platforms, to track certain performance indicators. Data from both such sources may include information relating to fraudulent accounts and interactions with our sites or the social media accounts of our influencers (including as a result of the use of bots, or other automated or manual mechanisms to generate false impressions that are delivered through our sites or their accounts). We have only a limited ability to verify data from our sites or third parties, and perpetrators of fraudulent impressions may change their tactics and may become more sophisticated, which would make it still more difficult to detect such activity.

Our methodologies for tracking metrics may also change over time, which could result in changes to the metrics we report. If we undercount or overcount performance due to the internal data analytics tools we use or issues with the data received from third parties, or if our internal data analytics tools contain algorithmic or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate or comparable with prior periods. In addition, limitations, changes or errors with respect to how we measure data may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer-term strategies.

If our performance metrics are not accurate representations of the reach or monetization of our network, if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics or the data on which such metrics are based, or if we can no longer calculate any of our key performance metrics with a sufficient degree of accuracy and cannot find an adequate replacement for the metric, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Increases in labor costs, including wages, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Labor is a significant portion of our cost structure and is subject to many external factors, including unemployment levels, prevailing wage rates, minimum wage laws, potential collective bargaining arrangements, health insurance costs and other insurance costs and changes in employment and labor legislation or other workplace regulation. From time to time, legislative proposals are made to increase the federal minimum wage in the United States, as well as the minimum wage in California and a number of other states and municipalities, and to reform entitlement programs, such as health insurance and paid leave programs. As minimum wage rates increase or related laws and regulations change, we may need to increase not only the wage rates of our minimum wage employees, but also the wages paid to our other hourly or salaried employees. Any increase in the cost of our labor could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or if we fail to pay such higher wages we could suffer increased employee turnover. Increases in labor costs could force us to increase prices, which could adversely impact our sales. If competitive pressures or other factors prevent us from offsetting increased labor costs by increases in prices, our profitability may decline and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the job market in Southern California, where our principal offices and fulfillment centers as well as the majority of our employees are located, is very competitive.

Developments in labor and employment law and any unionizing efforts by employees could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We face the risk that Congress, federal agencies or one or more states could approve legislation or regulations significantly affecting our businesses and our relationship with our employees, such as the previously proposed federal legislation referred to as the Employee Free Choice Act, which would have substantially liberalized the procedures for union organization. None of our domestic employees are currently covered by a collective bargaining agreement, but any attempt by our employees to organize a labor union could result in increased legal and other associated costs. Additionally, given the National Labor Relations Board's "speedy election" rule, our ability to timely and effectively address any unionizing efforts would be difficult. If we enter into a collective bargaining agreement with our domestic employees, the terms could materially adversely affect our costs, efficiency and ability to generate acceptable returns on the affected operations.

Additionally, the Department of Labor issued a final rule in 2016 raising the minimum salary basis exemption from overtime payments for executive, administrative and professional employees. The rule increases the minimum salary from the current amount of $23,660 to $47,476 and up to 10% of non-discretionary bonus, commission and other incentive payments can be counted towards the minimum salary requirement. The rule was scheduled to go into effect on December 1, 2016. The rule was temporarily enjoined from going into effect in November 2016, and later invalidated in August 2017, after several states and business groups filed separate lawsuits against the Department of Labor challenging the rule. However, any future rule similar to this rule that impacts the way we classify certain positions, increases our payment of overtime wages or increases the salaries we are required to pay to currently exempt employees to maintain their exempt status may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If sensitive information about our customers is disclosed, or if we or our third-party providers are subject to real or perceived cyberattacks, our customers may curtail use of our platform, we may be exposed to liability and our reputation would suffer.

We collect, transmit and store personal and financial information provided by our customers, such as names, email addresses, the details of transactions and credit card and other financial information. Some of our third-party service providers, such as identity verification and payment processing providers, also regularly have access to customer data. In an effort to protect sensitive information, we rely on a variety of security measures, including encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties. However, advances in computer capabilities, increasingly sophisticated tools and methods used by hackers and cyber terrorists, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in our failure or inability to adequately protect sensitive information.

Our servers are located in close proximity to one another in Southern California and are vulnerable to power outages, telecommunications failures and catastrophic events. Like other online services, they are also vulnerable to computer viruses, unauthorized access, phishing or social engineering attacks, ransomware attacks, denial-of-service attacks and other real or perceived cyberattacks. Any of these incidents could lead to interruptions or shutdowns of our platform, loss or corruption of data, or unauthorized access to or disclosure of personal data or other sensitive information. Cyberattacks could also result in the theft of our intellectual property. We have been subject to attempted cyber, phishing or social engineering attacks in the past and may continue to be subject to such attacks in the future. If we gain greater visibility, we may face a higher risk of being targeted by cyberattacks. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in cyberattacks becoming more sophisticated and more difficult to detect. We and our third-party service providers may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent all such cyberattacks. Moreover, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers. Security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent actions by our employees, our third-party service providers, or their personnel.

We and our third-party service providers regularly experience cyberattacks aimed at disrupting our and their services. If we or our third-party service providers experience, or are believed to have experienced, security breaches that result in marketplace performance or availability problems or the loss or corruption of, or unauthorized access to or disclosure of, personal data or confidential information, people may become unwilling to provide us the information necessary make purchases on our sites. Existing customers may also decrease their purchases or close their accounts altogether. We could also face potential liability and litigation, which may not be adequately covered by insurance. Any of these results could harm our growth prospects, our business and our reputation.

Failure to comply with federal, state and international laws and regulations and our contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

We collect and maintain significant amounts of personal data and other data relating to our customers and employees. A variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, and certain industry standards, govern or apply to our collection, use, retention, sharing and security of consumer data. We are subject to certain laws, regulations, contractual obligations and industry standards (including, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI-DSS) relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, including California’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act and unfair competition and false advertising laws, which are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices likely have not complied or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our privacy policies or with any federal, state or international laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject or other legal or contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection, information security or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease or modify our use of certain data sets. Any such claim, proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers or an inability to process credit card payments and may result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business.

Federal, state and international governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of third-party "cookies" and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes. The United States and foreign governments have enacted, have considered or are considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies and individuals to engage in these activities, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, which could if widely adopted result in the use of third-party cookies and other methods of online tracking becoming significantly less effective. Regulation of the use of these cookies and other online tracking and advertising practices, or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such technologies, could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to track trends, optimize our product assortment or acquire new customers on cost-effective terms and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection often are more restrictive than those in the United States. The European Union, for example, traditionally has imposed stricter obligations under its laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection than the United States. In May 2018 the European Union's new regulation governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective and substantially replaced the data protection laws of the individual European Union member states. The law requires companies to meet more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals in the EU than were required under predecessor EU requirements. In the United Kingdom, a Data Protection Bill that substantially implements the GDPR also became law in May 2018. The law also increases the penalties for non-compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to 20.0 million Euros or 4% of a company's worldwide turnover, whichever is higher. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give specific types of notice and in some cases seek consent from consumers and other data subjects before collecting or using their data for certain purposes, including some marketing activities. Outside of the European Union, many countries and territories have laws, regulations, or other requirements relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection, and new countries and territories are adopting such legislation or other obligations with increasing frequency. Many of these laws may require consent from consumers for the use of data for various purposes, including marketing, which may reduce our ability to market our products. There is no harmonized approach to these laws and regulations globally. Consequently, we would increase our risk of non-compliance with applicable foreign data protection laws by expanding internationally. We may need to change and limit the way we use personal information in operating our business and may have difficulty maintaining a single operating model that is compliant. In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection. For example, California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which will, among other things, require new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of personal information, when it goes into effect on January 1, 2020. Legislators have stated that they intend to propose amendments to the CCPA before it goes into effect, and it remains unclear what, if any, modifications will be made to this legislation or how it will be interpreted. The effects of the CCPA potentially are significant, however, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. As a general matter, compliance with laws, regulations, and any applicable rules or guidance from self-regulatory organizations relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, may result in substantial costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices, which may compromise our growth strategy, adversely affect our ability to acquire customers, and otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

System interruptions that impair customer access to our sites or other performance failures in our technology infrastructure could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our sites, transaction-processing systems and technology infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to acquire and retain customers, as well as maintain adequate customer service levels.

We currently use two redundant third-party data center hosting facilities in Los Angeles County, California. If the facilities where the computer and communications hardware are located fail, or if we suffer an interruption or degradation of services at our main facility, we could lose customer data and miss order fulfillment deadlines, which could harm our business. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, cyberattacks, data loss, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. For example, in September 2018 a distributed denial of service, or DDoS, attack caused our sites to be down for several hours, and we could be the subject of similar attacks in the future. In the event of a failure of our main facility, the failover to our back-up facility could take substantial time, during which time our sites could be completely shut down. Our back-up facility is designed to support transaction volume at a level slightly above our average daily sales, but is not adequate to support spikes in demand. The back-up facility may not process effectively during time of higher traffic to our sites and may process transactions more slowly and may not support all of our sites' functionality.

We use complex custom-built proprietary software in our technology infrastructure, which we seek to continually update and improve. We may not always be successful in executing these upgrades and improvements, and the operation of our systems may be subject to failure. In particular, we have in the past and may in the future experience slowdowns or interruptions in some or all of our sites when we are updating them, and new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. Additionally, if we expand our use of third-party services, including cloud-based services, our technology infrastructure may be subject to increased risk of slowdown or interruption as a result of integration with such services and/or failures by such third parties, which are out of our control. Our net sales depend on the number of visitors who shop on our sites and the volume of orders we can handle. Unavailability of our sites or reduced order fulfillment performance would reduce the volume of goods sold and could also materially adversely affect consumer perception of our brand. We may experience periodic system interruptions from time to time. In addition, continued growth in our transaction volume, as well as surges in online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities or seasonal trends in our business, place additional demands on our technology platform and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of traffic on our sites or the number of orders placed by customers, we will be required to further expand, scale and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our sites or expand, scale and upgrade our technology, systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our sites, which is particularly challenging given the rapid rate at which new technologies, customer preferences and expectations and industry standards and practices are evolving in the eCommerce industry. Accordingly, we redesign and enhance various functions on our sites on a regular basis, and we may experience instability and performance issues as a result of these changes.

Any slowdown or failure of our sites and the underlying technology infrastructure could harm our business, reputation and our ability to acquire, retain and serve our customers, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur.

We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and if we are unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, our operations could be disrupted.

We rely on information technology networks and systems to market and sell our products, to process, transmit and store electronic and financial information, to manage a variety of business processes and activities and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. We are increasingly dependent on a variety of information systems to effectively process customer orders. We depend on our information technology infrastructure for digital marketing activities and for electronic communications among our personnel, customers, manufacturers and suppliers around the world. These information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, telecommunication failures, user errors or catastrophic events. Any material disruption of our systems, or the systems of our third-party service providers, could disrupt our ability to track, record and analyze the products that we sell and could negatively impact our operations, shipment of goods, ability to process financial information and transactions, and our ability to receive and process retail customers and eCommerce orders or engage in normal business activities. If our information technology systems suffer damage, disruption or shutdown and we do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we could experience delays in reporting our financial results.

Our eCommerce operations are important to our business. Our website serves as an effective extension of our marketing strategies by exposing potential new consumers to our brand, product offerings and enhanced content. Due to the importance of our website and eCommerce operations, we are vulnerable to website downtime and other technical failures. Our failure to successfully respond to these risks could reduce eCommerce sales and damage our brand’s reputation.

We must successfully maintain, scale and upgrade our information technology systems, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have identified the need to significantly expand, scale and improve our information technology systems and personnel to support recent and expected future growth. As such, we are in process of implementing, and will continue to invest in and implement, significant modifications and upgrades to our information technology systems and procedures, including replacing legacy systems with successor systems, making changes to legacy systems or acquiring new systems with new functionality, hiring employees with information technology expertise and building new policies, procedures, training programs and monitoring tools. These types of activities subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing and changing these systems, including impairment of our ability to leverage our eCommerce channels, fulfill customer orders, potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, acquisition and retention of sufficiently skilled personnel to implement and operate the new systems, demands on management time, the introduction of errors or vulnerabilities and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to or integrating new systems into our current systems. These implementations, modifications and upgrades may not result in productivity improvements at a level that outweighs the costs of implementation, or at all. Additionally, difficulties with implementing new technology systems, delays in our timeline for planned improvements, significant system failures, or our inability to successfully modify our information systems to respond to changes in our business needs may cause disruptions in our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.

We use open source software in the applications we have developed to operate our business and will use open source software in the future. We may face claims from third parties demanding the release or license of the open source software or derivative works that we developed from such software (which could include our proprietary source code) or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or cease offering the implicated solutions unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. In addition, our use of open source software may present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our website and systems that rely on open source software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.

The software underlying our sites is highly complex and may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities, some of which may only be discovered after the code has been released. We rely heavily on a software engineering practice known as “continuous deployment,” meaning that we typically release software code multiple times per day. This practice may result in the more frequent introduction of errors or vulnerabilities into the software underlying our platform. Any errors or vulnerabilities discovered in our code after release could result in damage to our reputation, loss of customers, disruption to our eCommerce channels, loss of revenue or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our growth prospects and our business.

Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to provide our customers a cost-effective shopping platform that is able to respond and adapt to rapid changes in technology.

The number of people who access the Internet through devices other than personal computers, including mobile phones, smartphones, handheld computers such as notebooks and tablets, video game consoles, and television set-top devices, has increased dramatically in the past few years. The smaller screen size, functionality, and memory associated with some alternative devices may make the use of our sites and purchasing our products more difficult. The versions of our sites developed for these devices may not be compelling to consumers. In addition, it is time consuming and costly to keep pace with rapidly changing and continuously evolving technology. We launched our mobile applications for REVOLVE and FORWARD in 2013, and all of our North American sites and a majority of our international sites are mobile-optimized. In 2018, 49.3% of orders were placed from a mobile device. However, we cannot be certain that our mobile applications or our mobile-optimized sites will be successful in the future.

As existing mobile devices and platforms evolve and new mobile devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in adjusting and developing applications for changed and alternative devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such applications. If we are unable to attract consumers to our websites through these devices or are slow to develop a version of our websites that is more compatible with alternative devices or a mobile application, we may fail to capture a significant share of consumers in the fashion retail market, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Further, we continually upgrade existing technologies and business applications, and we may be required to implement new technologies or business applications in the future. The implementation of upgrades and changes requires significant investments. Our results of operations may be affected by the timing, effectiveness and costs associated with the successful implementation of any upgrades or changes to our systems and infrastructure. In the event that it is more difficult for our customers to buy products from us on their mobile devices, or if our customers choose not to buy products from us on their mobile devices or to use mobile products that do not offer access to our websites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Government regulation of the Internet and eCommerce is evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet and eCommerce. Existing and future regulations and laws could impede the growth of the Internet, eCommerce or mobile commerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, tariffs, privacy, data protection, data security, anti-spam, content protection, electronic contracts and communications, consumer protection, website accessibility, Internet neutrality and gift cards. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes and consumer privacy apply to the Internet as many of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by the Internet or eCommerce. It is possible that general business regulations and laws, or those specifically governing the Internet or eCommerce, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. We cannot be sure that our practices have complied, comply or will comply fully with all such laws and regulations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation, a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us

by governmental entities or others. Any such proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, force us to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, decrease the use of our sites by consumers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary liability. We may also be contractually liable to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any such laws or regulations. In addition, it is possible that governments of one or more countries or territories may seek to censor content available on our sites or may even attempt to completely block access to our sites. Adverse legal or regulatory developments could substantially harm our business. In particular, in the event that we are restricted, in whole or in part, from operating in one or more countries or territories, our ability to retain or increase our customer base may be adversely affected, and we may not be able to maintain or grow our net sales and expand our business as anticipated.

If we cannot successfully protect our intellectual property, our business would suffer.

We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other practices to protect our brands, designs, proprietary information, technologies and processes. Our principal trademark assets include the registered trademarks “REVOLVE,” “FORWARD BY ELYSE WALKER” and multiple other brand names and our logos. Our trademarks are valuable assets that support our brand and consumers’ perception of our services and merchandise. We also hold the rights to the “revolve.com” and “fwrd.com” Internet domain names and various other related domain names, which are subject to Internet regulatory bodies and trademark and other related laws of each applicable jurisdiction. We have copyrights and other proprietary rights associated with our owned brands’ apparel and other products.

If we are unable to protect our trademarks or domain names in the United States or in other jurisdictions in which we may ultimately operate, our brand recognition and reputation would suffer, we would incur significant expense establishing new brands and our operating results would be adversely impacted. We expend substantial resources in the development of new high-quality products but are susceptible to counterfeiting, which may harm our reputation for producing such products and force us to incur expenses in enforcing our intellectual property rights. Counterfeiting of our products may be difficult or costly to detect and any related claims or lawsuits to enforce our rights can be expensive to resolve, require management time and resources, and may not provide a satisfactory or timely result. Despite our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights, counterfeiters may continue to violate our intellectual property rights by using our trademarks or imitating or copying our products, which could harm our brand, reputation and financial condition. Since our products are sold internationally, we are also dependent on the laws of a range of countries and territories to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

We currently have no registered copyrights, applications for copyright registrations, patents issued or applications pending in the United States or internationally. Any registered copyrights or patents that may be issued in the future may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged by third parties, and future registered copyrights or patent applications may never be granted. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these registered copyrights or patents will adequately protect our intellectual property or survive a legal challenge, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of registered copyright, patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain. Our limited registered copyright and patent protection may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition. We primarily rely on unregistered copyrights to protect our designs and products and on trade secret laws to protect our technologies and processes, including the algorithms we use throughout our business. Others may independently develop the same or similar designs, products, technologies and processes, or may improperly acquire and use information about our technologies and processes, which may allow them to provide products or services similar to ours, which could harm our competitive position.

We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, and the efforts we take to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient.

The inability to acquire, use or maintain our marks and domain names for our sites could substantially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

We currently are the registrant of marks for our brands in numerous jurisdictions and are the registrant of the Internet domain name for the websites of revolve.com and fwrd.com and our other sites, as well as various related domain names. However, we have not registered our marks or domain names in all major international jurisdictions. Domain names generally are regulated by Internet regulatory bodies. As our business grows we may incur material costs in connection with the registration, maintenance, and protection of our marks. If we do not have or cannot obtain on reasonable terms the ability to use our marks in a particular country, or to use or register our domain name, we could be forced either to incur significant additional expenses to market our products within that country, including the development of a new brand and the creation of new promotional materials and packaging, or to elect not to sell products in that country. Either result could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Furthermore, the regulations governing domain names and laws protecting marks and similar proprietary rights could change in ways that block or interfere with our ability to use relevant domains or our current brand. Also, we might not be able to prevent third parties from registering, using or retaining domain names that interfere with our consumer communications or infringe or otherwise decrease the value of our marks, domain names and other proprietary rights. Regulatory bodies also may establish additional generic or country-code top-level domains or may allow modifications of the requirements for registering, holding or using domain names. As a result, we might not be able to register, use or maintain the domain names that use the name REVOLVE, FORWARD, superdown or our brands in all of the countries and territories in which we currently or intend to conduct business.

We may be accused of infringing intellectual property or other proprietary rights of third parties.

We are also at risk of claims by others that we have infringed their copyrights, trademarks or patents, or improperly used or disclosed their trade secrets, or otherwise infringed or violated their proprietary rights, such as the right of publicity. The costs of supporting any litigation or disputes related to these claims can be considerable, and we cannot assure you that we will achieve a favorable outcome of any such claim. If any such claim is valid, we may be compelled to cease our use of such intellectual property or other proprietary rights and pay damages, which could adversely affect our business. Even if such claims were not valid, defending them could be expensive and distracting, adversely affecting our operating results.

We accept payments using a variety of methods, including credit card, gift cards, debit card, PayPal and other third-party payment vendors, which subjects us to certain regulations and the risk of fraud, and we may in the future offer new payment options to customers that would be subject to additional regulations and risks. We pay interchange and other fees in connection with credit card payments, which may increase over time and adversely affect our operating results. While we use a third party to process payments, we are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the PCI-DSS and rules governing electronic funds transfers. If we fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations, we may be subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses from various types of fraud, including stolen credit card numbers, claims that a customer did not authorize a purchase, merchant fraud and customers who have closed bank accounts or have insufficient funds in open bank accounts to satisfy payments. Although we have measures in place to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activity in our marketplace, those measures may not always be effective. In addition to the direct costs of such losses, if the fraud is related to credit card transactions and becomes excessive, it could potentially result in us paying higher fees or losing the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, under current credit card practices, we are liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder’s signature. Our failure to adequately prevent fraudulent transactions could damage our reputation, result in litigation or regulatory action and lead to expenses that could substantially impact our operating results.

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and if we have failed to remediate this weakness and maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’ views of us.

Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate consolidated financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be evaluated frequently. As a former private company, we did not historically prepare public company financial statements. In connection with the audit of our 2017 consolidated financial statements, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with the audit of our 2017 consolidated financial statements, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal controls in 2017 related to the lack of resources necessary to perform adequate review of our financial information. To remediate such material weakness, we hired additional personnel with requisite skills in both technical accounting and internal control over financial reporting. In addition, we engaged external advisors that provided financial accounting assistance and evaluated and documented the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls and assisted with the remediation and implementation of our internal controls as required. We will continue to evaluate the longer-term resource needs of our various financial functions. While we have fully implemented our remediation plan with respect to this material weakness, we cannot assure you we will have addressed the underlying causes of the material weakness or that we will not identify other control deficiencies in the future.

Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls and continuing to update and maintain our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, entail substantial costs to implement new processes and modify our existing processes and take significant time to complete. If we fail to enhance our internal control over financial reporting to meet the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or in a timely manner, which could increase operating costs and harm our business, including our investors’ perception of our business and our share price. The actions we plan to take are subject to continued management review supported by confirmation and testing, as well as audit committee oversight. While we expect to fully remediate the material weakness, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so in a timely manner, which could impair our ability to report our financial position.

If our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, prevent fraud or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in our stock price.

Until the IPO, we had been a private company for 16 years, and as such, we did not have the internal control and financial reporting requirements that are required of a publicly traded company. We are required to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, following the later of the date we are deemed to be an "accelerated filer" or a "large accelerated filer," each as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or the date we are no longer an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act, which could be as early as our first fiscal year beginning after the effective date of our initial public offering. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, we must perform system and process evaluation, document our controls and perform testing of our key controls over financial reporting to allow management and our independent registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

We continue to invest in more robust technology and in more resources in order to manage those reporting requirements. Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls and remediating our material weakness may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs to implement new processes or modify our existing processes and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing the system could impact our ability to timely report our financial results. In addition, we currently rely on a manual process in some areas which increases our exposure to human error or intervention in reporting our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported consolidated financial information, and our stock price could decline.

In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results.

Customer growth and activity on mobile devices depends upon effective use of mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control.

Purchases using mobile devices by consumers generally, and by our customers specifically, have increased significantly, and we expect this trend to continue. To optimize the mobile shopping experience, we are dependent on our customers downloading our specific mobile applications for their particular device or accessing our sites from an Internet browser on their mobile device. As new mobile devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing applications for these alternative devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such applications. In addition, our future growth and our results of operations could suffer if we experience difficulties in the future in integrating our mobile applications into mobile devices, if problems arise with our relationships with providers of mobile operating systems or mobile application download stores, such as those of Apple Inc. or Google Inc., if our applications receive unfavorable treatment compared to competing applications, such as the order of our products in the Apple App Store, or if we face increased costs to distribute or have customers use our mobile applications. We are further dependent on the interoperability of our sites with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as iOS and Android, and any changes in such systems that degrade the functionality of our sites or give preferential treatment to competitive products could adversely affect the usage of our sites on mobile devices. In the event that it is more difficult for our customers to access and use our sites on their mobile devices, or if our customers choose not to access or to use our sites on their mobile devices or to use mobile products that do not offer access to our sites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

We may expand our business through acquisitions of other businesses, which may divert management’s attention and/or prove to be unsuccessful.

We acquired Alliance, Inc. in 2014 and may acquire additional businesses or technologies in the future. Acquisitions may divert management’s time and focus from operating our business. Acquisitions also may require us to spend a substantial portion of our available cash, incur debt or other liabilities, amortize expenses related to intangible assets or incur write-offs of goodwill or other assets. In addition, integrating an acquired business or technology is risky. Completed and future acquisitions may result in unforeseen operational difficulties and expenditures associated with:

Moreover, we may not benefit from our acquisitions as we expect, or in the time frame we expect. We also may issue additional equity securities in connection with an acquisition, which could cause dilution to our stockholders. Finally, acquisitions could be viewed negatively by analysts, investors or our customers.

If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, or effectively manage succession, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our success, including our ability to anticipate and effectively respond to changing style trends, depends in part on our ability to attract and retain key personnel on our executive team, particularly our co-chief executive officers, and in our merchandising, data science, engineering, marketing, design and other organizations. Competition for key personnel is strong, and we cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future, or that the compensation costs of doing so will not adversely affect our operating results. We do not have long-term employment or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. If we are unable to retain, attract and motivate talented employees with the appropriate skills at cost-effective compensation levels, or if changes to our business adversely affect morale or retention, we may not achieve our objectives and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, the loss of one or more of our key personnel or the inability to promptly identify a suitable successor to a key role could have an adverse effect on our business. In particular, our co-chief executive officers have unique and valuable experiences leading our company from its inception through today. If either of them were to depart or otherwise reduce their focus on our company, our business may be disrupted. We do not currently maintain key-person life insurance policies on any member of our senior management team or other key employees.

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.

We have in the past and may in the future become involved in private actions, collective actions, investigations and various other legal proceedings by customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, government agencies or others. The results of any such litigation, investigations and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time and divert significant resources. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Expansion of our operations internationally will require management attention and resources, involves additional risks and may be unsuccessful.

We have limited experience with operating internationally and selling our merchandise outside of the United States and do not have physical operations outside of the United States. If we choose to expand internationally we would need to adapt to different local cultures, standards and policies. The business model we employ and the merchandise we currently offer may not have the same appeal to consumers outside of the United States. Furthermore, to succeed with customers in international locations, it likely will be necessary to locate fulfillment centers in foreign markets and hire local employees in those international centers, and we may have to invest in these facilities before proving we can successfully run foreign operations. We may not be successful in expanding into international markets or in generating revenue from foreign operations for a variety of reasons, including:

If we invest substantial time and resources to establish and expand our operations internationally and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our operating results would suffer.

We have operations in China, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business there.

We use multiple third-party suppliers and manufacturers based primarily in China. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, the cost of labor has increased and may continue to increase in the future. Furthermore, pursuant to Chinese labor laws, employers in China are subject to various requirements when signing labor contracts, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. Our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected if the labor costs of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers increase significantly. In addition, we and our manufacturers and suppliers may not be able to find a sufficient number of qualified workers due to the intensely competitive and fluid market for skilled labor in China.

Operating in China exposes us to political, legal and economic risks. In particular, the political, legal and economic climate in China, both nationally and regionally, is fluid and unpredictable. Our ability to operate in China may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and Chinese laws and regulations such as those related to, among other things, taxation, import and export tariffs, environmental regulations, land use rights, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, employee benefits, hygiene supervision and other matters. In addition, we may not obtain or retain the requisite legal permits to continue to operate in China, and costs or operational limitations may be imposed in connection with obtaining and complying with such permits. In addition, Chinese trade regulations are in a state of flux, and we may become subject to other forms of taxation, tariffs and duties in China. Furthermore, the third parties we rely on in China may disclose our confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties, which could result in the illegal distribution and sale of counterfeit versions of our products. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See also “—Recent and potential tariffs imposed by the U.S. government or a global trade war could increase the cost of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

Our reliance on overseas manufacturing and supply partners, including vendors located in jurisdictions presenting an increased risk of bribery and corruption, exposes us to legal, reputational, and supply chain risk through the potential for violations of federal and international anti-corruption law.

We derive a significant portion of our merchandise for our owned brands from third-party manufacturing and supply partners in foreign countries and territories, including countries and territories perceived to carry an increased risk of corrupt business practices. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, prohibits U.S. corporations and their representatives from offering, promising, authorizing or making payments to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business

abroad. Notwithstanding our efforts to conduct our operations in material compliance with the FCPA, our international vendors could be determined to be our “representatives” under the FCPA, which could expose us to potential liability for the actions of these vendors under the FCPA. If we or our vendors were determined to have violated the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, or any of the anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in the countries and territories where we and our vendors do business, we could suffer severe fines and penalties, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation, bans on transacting certain business, and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the costs we may incur in defending against any anti-corruption investigations stemming from our or our vendors’ actions could be significant. Moreover, any actual or alleged corruption in our supply chain could carry significant reputational harms, including negative publicity, loss of good will, and decline in share price.

Recent and potential tariffs imposed by the U.S. government or a global trade war could increase the cost of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The U.S. government has recently imposed increased tariffs on certain imports from China. While the current tariffs only affect a small portion of the products that we currently import from China, specifically handbags and makeup, the current U.S. administration has increased the tariff rate from 10% to 25% and indicated that the higher tariffs may be imposed on additional imports from China, including finished goods apparel and shoes, which, if imposed, would include a predominant portion of the products that we import from China. In retaliation for the current and proposed tariffs, China has already implemented, and announced a plan to impose additional tariffs on a wide range of American products. There is also a concern that the imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could result in the adoption of tariffs by other countries as well, leading to a global trade war. Such tariffs could have a significant impact on our business, particularly the REVOLVE segment and owned brands. While we may attempt to renegotiate prices with suppliers or diversify our supply chain in response to tariffs, such efforts may not yield immediate results or may be ineffective. We might also consider increasing prices to the end consumer; however, this could reduce the competitiveness of our products and adversely affect net sales. If we fail to manage these dynamics successfully, gross margins and profitability could be adversely affected. As of the date of this report, tariffs have not had a material impact on our business, but increased tariffs or trade restrictions implemented by the United States or other countries in connection with a global trade war could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We are subject to taxes in the United States and the United Kingdom. We record tax expense based on current tax liabilities and our estimates of future tax liabilities, which may include reserves for estimates of probable settlements of tax audits. At any one time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may affect the ultimate settlement of these issues. As a result, we expect that throughout the year there could be ongoing variability in our quarterly tax rates as taxable events occur and exposures are re-evaluated. Further, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by changes in tax laws, changes in the mix and level of earnings by taxing jurisdictions, or changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. An example is the recently enacted legislation referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the 2017 Tax Act. Foreign governments may enact tax laws in response to the 2017 Tax Act that could result in further changes to global taxation. There are numerous factors that could affect our tax rate. These may include, among other factors, intercompany transactions, losses incurred in jurisdictions for which we are not able to realize the related tax benefits, and entry into new businesses and geographies. Fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

The enactment of tax reform legislation, including legislation implementing changes in taxation of international business activities, could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.

Legislation or other changes in tax laws could increase our liability and adversely affect our after-tax profitability. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act could have a significant impact on our effective tax rate, cash tax expenses and net deferred tax assets. The Tax Act reduces the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate, eliminates or limits the deduction of several expenses that were previously deductible, imposes a mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed historic earnings of foreign subsidiaries, requires a minimum tax on earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries and permits a tax-free repatriation of foreign earnings through a dividends received deduction (subject to certain exceptions). We have completed our evaluation of the overall impact of the Tax Act on our effective tax rate and balance sheet through fiscal year 2018 and reflected the amounts in our financial statements. The Tax Act may have significant impacts in future periods.

We could be required to collect additional sales taxes or be subject to other tax liabilities that may increase the costs our customers would have to pay for our offering and adversely affect our operating results.

On June 21, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court held in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. that states could impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers even if those retailers lack any physical presence within the states imposing sales taxes. Under Wayfair, a person requires only a “substantial nexus” with the taxing state before the state may subject the person to sales tax collection obligations therein. An increasing number of states, both before and after the Supreme Court’s ruling, have considered or adopted laws that attempt to impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers. The Supreme Court’s Wayfair decision has removed a significant impediment to the enactment of these laws, and it is possible that states may seek to tax out-of-state retailers, including for prior tax years. Although we believe that we currently collect sales taxes in all states that have adopted laws imposing sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers since Wayfair was decided, a successful assertion by one or more states requiring us to collect sales taxes where we presently do not do so, or to collect more taxes in a jurisdiction in which we currently do collect some sales taxes, could result in substantial tax liabilities, including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest. The imposition by state governments of sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect sales taxes, whether for prior years or prospectively, could also create additional administrative burdens for us, put us at a competitive disadvantage if they do not impose similar obligations on our competitors and decrease our future sales, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.

We intend to continue making investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to support this growth and respond to business challenges, including the need to develop our services, expand our inventory, enhance our operating infrastructure, expand the markets in which we operate and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and our business and prospects could fail or be adversely affected.

Operating as a public company will require us to incur substantial costs and will require substantial management attention. In addition, our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

As a public company, we will incur substantial legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The rules and regulations of NYSE also apply to us. As part of these requirements, we must maintain effective disclosure and financial controls and make changes to our corporate governance practices. We expect that compliance with these requirements will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming.

Most of our management and other personnel have little experience managing a public company and preparing public filings. In addition, we expect that our management and other personnel will need to divert attention from other business matters to devote substantial time to the reporting and other requirements of being a public company. In particular, we expect to incur significant expense and devote substantial management effort to complying with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge.

Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.

Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, incur additional indebtedness and liens and enter into new businesses. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of the lender or terminate the credit facility, which may limit our operating flexibility. In addition, our credit facility is secured by all of our assets, including our intellectual property, and requires us to satisfy certain financial covenants. There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet these financial covenants or pay the principal and interest on any debt under our facility. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. Any inability to make scheduled payments or meet the financial covenants on our credit facility would adversely affect our business.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises or other catastrophic events.

Our principal offices, data centers and our fulfillment centers are located in Southern California, an area which has a history of earthquakes, and are thus vulnerable to damage. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other adverse weather and climate conditions; unforeseen public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war and other political instability; or other catastrophic events, whether occurring in the United States or internationally, could disrupt our operations in any of our offices and fulfillment centers or the operations of one or more of our third-party providers or vendors. In particular, these types of events could impact our merchandise supply chain, including our ability to ship merchandise to customers from or to the impacted region, and could impact our ability or the ability of third parties to operate our sites and ship merchandise. In addition, these types of events could negatively impact consumer spending in the impacted regions. To the extent any of these events occur, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance, and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations.

Prior to our initial public offering in June 2019, there was no public market for our common stock. The lack of an active market for our common stock may impair investors’ ability to sell their shares at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable, may reduce the market value of their shares and may result in significant price and volume fluctuations. The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many eCommerce and other technology companies’ stock prices. Often, their stock prices have fluctuated in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the companies’ operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and seriously harm our business.

Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.

Sales of a substantial number of such shares upon expiration of the lock-up and market stand-off agreements, the perception that such sales may occur or early release of these agreements, could cause our market price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

As of June 30, 2019, we had outstanding a total of 13,529,411 shares of Class A common stock and 55,340,994 shares of Class B common stock. All shares of Class A common stock sold in our initial public offering are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates. The resale of the 55,340,994 shares of Class B common stock, or approximately 80% of our outstanding shares, is currently prohibited or otherwise restricted as a result of securities law provisions, market standoff agreements entered into by our stockholders with us or lock-up agreements entered into by our stockholders with the underwriters; however, subject to applicable securities law restrictions, these shares will be able to be sold in the public market beginning December 4, 2019.

In addition, shares underlying outstanding options will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting agreements, the lock-up agreements and Rules 144 and 701 of the Securities Act. On June 7, 2019, we registered the offer and sale of all shares of common stock that we may issue under our equity incentive plans. As a result, the sale of shares to be issued under our equity incentive plans can be freely sold in the public markets, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates and the lock-up agreements described above. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline.

The dual class structure of our common stock will have the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers, directors and their affiliates, and it may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Our stockholders who held shares prior to our initial public offering, all of which hold shares of Class B common stock, collectively own shares representing approximately 98% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of June 30, 2019. MMMK Development, Inc., an entity controlled by our co-chief executive officers, controls 68% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of June 30, 2019 and therefore is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets, even if their stock holdings represent less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. Our co-chief executive officers may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership will limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may cause us to make strategic decisions that could involve risks to you or that may not be aligned with your interests.

This control may also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. In July 2017, FTSE Russell and Standard & Poor’s announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not be investing in our stock. It is possible that they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included in the indices.

If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A common stock, the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our Class A common stock, provide a more favorable recommendation about our competitors or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.

We are an emerging growth company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company, and for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including:

We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our initial public offering, although we expect to not be an emerging growth company sooner. Our status as an emerging growth company will end as soon as any of the following takes place:

We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on any of the exemptions afforded emerging growth companies. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive because we rely on any of these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and the market price of our Class A common stock may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, and as a result, our financial statements may not be comparable with similarly situated public companies.

We have elected to take advantage of the “controlled company” exemption to the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies, which could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Because we qualify as a “controlled company” under the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies, we are not required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor are we required to have a compensation committee or an independent nominating function. In light of our status as a controlled company, in the future we could elect not to have a majority of our board of directors be independent or not to have a compensation committee or nominating and corporate governance committee. Accordingly, should the interests of our management and MMMK Development, Inc., an entity controlled by our co-chief executive officers, differ from those of other stockholders, the other stockholders may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies. Our status as a controlled company could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our Class A common stock.

Future issuances of shares of our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock, or the perception that these sales or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our Class A common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options and warrants to purchase our shares of our Class A or Class B common stock are exercised or options or other equity-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our Class A common stock.

As of June 30, 2019, there were 5,167,356 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options. All of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares will be able to be freely sold in the public market upon issuance as permitted by any applicable vesting requirements, and subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.

In addition, the holders of all of our Class B common stock will have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of their shares of Class B common stock, or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, result in more litigation and divert management’s attention.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Complying with these rules and regulations has increased and will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. To address these challenges, we recently expanded our finance and accounting teams. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may need to hire additional employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses.

In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.

These new rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and in the future, we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

By disclosing information in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If those claims are successful, our business could be seriously harmed. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, the time and resources needed to resolve them could divert our management’s resources and seriously harm our business.

Delaware law and provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Class A common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions include the following:

Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could seriously harm our business. These exclusive-forum provisions do not apply to claims under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 67,232 shares of our Class B common stock to employees under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, at an exercise price of $15.62 per share. These transactions were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) or Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer pursuant to benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701.

We filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-227614) for an initial public offering of Class A common stock, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2019. We sold 3,382,352 shares of Class A common stock, including shares sold in connection with the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, at a price to the public of $18.00 per share. The total gross proceeds to us from the offering were $60.9 million. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds received by us totaled approximately $53.3 million. We used $40.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering to repurchase an aggregate of 2,400,960 shares of Class B common stock held by TSG6 L.P. and certain of its affiliates, or TSG, and Capretto. No payments were made by us to directors, officers or persons owning 10% or more of our capital stock or to their associates, or to our affiliates, other than payments in the ordinary course of business to officers for salaries. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on June 7, 2019 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933. The managing underwriters of our initial public offering were Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and BofA Securities, Inc.

Our board of directors previously adopted an outside director compensation policy for all of our non-employee directors, other than those affiliated with TSG. Subject to the limits in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, each non-employee director will be automatically granted, on the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, an annual award of restricted stock units, or RSUs, covering a number of shares of our Class A common stock with a grant date value of approximately $100,000, such grant subject to the non-employee director continuing in that capacity following the date of the annual meeting of our stockholders on which the annual award is granted. Each annual award will fully vest on the earlier of (1) the one-year anniversary of the date of grant of the annual award or (2) the day prior to the date of the next annual meeting of our stockholders that occurs following the grant of such annual award, in each case, subject to continued service as a non-employee director through the applicable vesting date. In the event of a change in control, as defined in our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, each non-employee director’s outstanding company equity awards will become fully vested and exercisable (if applicable).

Given the timing of our initial public offering, we will not be holding an annual meeting of our stockholders in 2019. Our board of directors granted RSUs covering the number of shares of our Class A common stock with a value of $100,000 as of the effective grant date of August 13, 2019 to Marc Stolzman, a non-employee director, which is equivalent to what he would have been granted if there had been an annual meeting of our stockholders in 2019. The RSUs will fully vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant, provided that Mr. Stolzman continues to serve as a director.

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

No.

Filing Date

Filed/

Furnished

Herewith

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of Revolve Group, Inc.

3.2

Bylaws of Revolve Group, Inc.

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the registrant

S-1/A

333-227614

4.1

November 21, 2019

10.1+

Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.1

October 9, 2019

10.2+

Form of Registration Rights Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.2

October 9, 2019

10.3+

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.5

March 14, 2019

10.4+

Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Stock Option Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.6

March 14, 2019

10.5+

Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Grant and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.7

March 14, 2019

10.6+

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.8

March 14, 2019

10.7+

Revolve Group, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.9

October 9, 2019

10.8+

Outside Director Compensation Policy

S-1/A

333-227614

10.16

October 9, 2019

10.9

Form of Stock Repurchase Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.17

May 28, 2019

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Title of each class:		Trading Symbol(s):		Name of each exchange on which registered:
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share		RVLV		New York Stock Exchange

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements		3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income		4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		6

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		20

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		35

Item 4. Controls and Procedures		36


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		37

Item 1A. Risk Factors		37

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		69

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		69

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		69

Item 5. Other Information		70

Item 6. Exhibits		71

Signatures		73

	December 31,		June 30,
	2018		2019
Expected merchandise returns, net⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	12,871
Advanced payments on inventory to be delivered from vendors		6,664		5,373
Deferred offering costs⁽²⁾		2,521		—
Prepaid rent		460		502
Prepaid insurance		1,013		1,574
Prepaid packaging		443		432
Other		4,126		4,622
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	15,227	$	25,374

	December 31,		June 30,
	2018		2019
Store credit⁽¹⁾	$	9,900	$	10,559
Gift cards⁽¹⁾		1,568		1,620
Other		2,070		3,061
Total other current liabilities	$	13,538	$	15,240

REVOLVE INC.

By:		/s/ JESSE TIMMERMANS
		Jesse Timmermans
		Chief Financial Officer

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

Gross profit
REVOLVE	$	66,468	$	82,837	$	117,100	$	148,100
FORWARD		6,864		7,581		12,665		13,072
Total	$	73,332	$	90,418	$	129,765	$	161,172

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2018		2019		$		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	131,802	$	161,897	$	30,095		22.8	%

	As of
	December 31, 2018		June 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,369	$	44,845
Accounts receivable, net		5,337		8,373
Working capital		56,897		77,966

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	25,627		$	22,683
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,077	)		(9,755	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(15,100	)		15,535